Issue 04 2017

THE

THE BISHOP’S SCHOOL | | DECEMBER

Tow e r ISSUE 04 MMXVII

IN THIS ISSUE WINTER SPORTS CELL PHONE POLICY STUDENT ART EXHIBIT GUN CONTROL CAMPUS SAFET Y SERVICE OP-ED

the details COLOPHON

The Tower was printed by Streeter Printing Company in Mira Mesa, CA. For this issue’s layout, the Staff used Adobe InDesign, Adobe CC (CS9), and Photoshop CC (CS9) to arrange photographs and graphics. We printed and distributed 700 copies of Issue 04 to the Bishop’s community. Typefaces included Bookmania on our cover, Cochin Italic, for our headlines and covers, and Times New Roman for our body text. Issue 04 and previous issues of The Tower are available on issuu.com

PHILOSOPHY

The Tower is a student-run publication at The Bishop’s School in La Jolla, CA. Writers and editors work together to enhance the Bishop’s community and evoke meaningful conversation through the collection and distribution of news and other information. The Tower aims to educate The Bishop’s community about issues that pertain to the experience of young adults. Sections of The Tower include Academic, Culture, Sports, Arts, Beyond, Opinion, and The Bell.

POLICY

All materials featured in The Tower are student-done and/or from the Bishop’s community. All articles connect to the Bishop’s community even when covering an international or domestic story, issue, or event. The Tower works with the administration by communicating about sensitive topics to ensure the safety of Bishop’s students and to confirm all topics are approached in an appropriate manner. The Tower accepts anonymous quotes when the privacy of the individual is a concern.

CONTACT

The Bishop’s School 7607 La Jolla Blvd, La Jolla, CA 92037 Email: thetower.tbs@bishops.com Website: thetoweronline.squarespace.com Facebook: tbsTower Instagram: thebishopstower

SPECIAL 2017 THANKS Mr. Brian Ogden Ms. Amy Allen Ms. Laine Remignanti

CONTRIBUTORS

Editor-in-Chief: Emma Oliver Graphics Editors: David Brewer, Sara Michael Copy Editors: Amy Carlyle, Annie Zeigler Sports Editor: Collin Douglas Managing Editor: Isabelle Kenagy Online Editor: Collin Douglas Consulting Editor: Jake Stenger Staff Writers: Alyssa Huynh, Harper White, Maya Minagawa, Olivia Ralph Faculty Advisor: Ms. Laine Remignanti

A Winter Welcome T

Editor Letter.

he creation of Issue 04 was, by far, the fastest turnaround time the staff and I have experienced yet. This issue began with our pitching session proceeding Thanksgiving break. And when school commenced again, we distributed our shiny blue copies of Issue 03 and got right back to work.

Throughout this hustle towards our print deadline, I embraced a perpetual state of stress and anxiety. And it was not until Friday night layout, chatting with the editors over lukewarm coffee and Amy’s granola bars, that I realized something more prominent than my stress: I loved what we were doing— wordsmithing ledes, giggling over top ten selections, creating conceptual graphics on David’s iPad. All in the quiet darkness of Cummins hallway at 8:00 p.m. on a Friday.

But again, when I got home after our Friday layout, I noted something more than the feelings of love and stress that I harbor for The Tower.

Beyond all, I am grateful. I am grateful for my team of editors and staffers.

Their writing spurs my awareness beyond narrow self-interest. While reading Issue 04 that night, wearing fuzzy snowflake socks and sitting propped up against my bed, I ventured beyond my room. Whether the writing took me onto the Bishop’s campus with Maya Minagawa’s (‘20) AP English article or the national scale with Annie Zeigler’s (‘18) gun control article— my thoughts became constructive and considerate. Allow Issue 04 to take you outside of yourself, too.

Enjoy.

Emma Oliver Editor-in-Chief

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ACADEMIC

AP TO HONORS ENGLISH - MAYA MINAGAWA

CULTURE

CELL PHONE POLICY - SARA MICHAEL CLAIRE RYAN PROFILE - ISABELLE KENAGY

SPORTS

WINTER SPORTS OVERVIEW - MAYA MINAGAWA GIRLS’ WATER POLO - ALYSSA HUYNH

ARTS

IAN WALKER ART EXHIBIT - EMMA OLIVER

BEYOND

GUN CONTROL - ANNIE ZEIGLER SCHOOL SAFETY - AMY CARLYLE TRUMP’S FIRST YEAR IN OFFICE - HARPER WHITE

OPINION

SERVICE - EMMA OLIVER

THE BELL

ASK LIV SEASONAL FEATURE TOP 10 HOLIDAY PROBLEMS

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ACADEMIC A STUDENT’S DILEMMA Maya Minagawa

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Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

ACADEMIC

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dvanced Placement (AP) class- wards students, if not more so. es pave the road to impressive “I think the freedom in the resumes and higher grade point classes doesn’t really apply to the stuaverages, but what difference does tak- dents, but rather the teachers. Unlike ing an AP class actually make? the AP, where the teacher has to follow

Across thousands of colleges in a set AP curriculum in order to prepare the United States, there is no universal the class for the AP test, the teacher standard for how AP credits substitute for honors classes has more liberty to college classes. There is no guarantee choose the material and books they that a good AP exam score will earn want to share with the class,” said Jina a class credit or even placement in a Park (‘18), a student who has taken Enmore advanced course at any school. glish through both the honors and AP As Head of College Counseling Ms. honors courses.

Gretchen Gleason said, “There are so, so many what you would consider ‘top’ “THE ENGLISH high schools in the United States that do not offer AP curriculums nor have DEPARTMENT they ever, and those students are still WANTED TO TAKE admitted to very selective institutions.”

Ms. Gleason mentioned that RESPONSIBILITY more content-heavy classes may be FOR THE CONTENT better suited to follow the AP curriculum, like U.S. History or European AND DESIGN OF OUR History, but even then the AP class CLASSES.” isn’t essential to succeeding on the test or mastering the subject. On the - MR. ADAM DAVIS other hand, studying a subject like English involves creativity, logic, syn- “The freedom can be applied thetic thinking, and analysis, which are to the students if the teacher integrates not practiced as much within the strict student input into choosing the texts to bounds of an AP curriculum. read for the class, or if we decide how

In some instances, the AP long to spend on a certain text,” she guidelines can hinder students’ learn- continued. The honors class’ timelines ing as well as the teachers’ opportunity and agendas, it seems, become much to tailor the curriculum specifically to more flexible under their new title. their students. Because of this, last year, Over the years, the English dethe English department agreed that partment has done extensive research AP’s were not the right approach and on the correlation between AP classes eliminated them altogether. The AP and their accompanying exam. The EnLiterature and Language classes were glish department found that while AP replaced with Honors American Liter- classes are meant to prepare students ature and Honors Writing, respectively. for the AP exam, taking the correlat The honors system has given ing course is not crucial in order to do much more flexibility to students and well. English teacher Mr. Adam Davis, teachers. That freedom may be geared a member of the faculty committee that just as much towards teachers as to- gave AP’s the boot, said, “[The English

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department] wanted to take responsibility for the content and design of our classes, craft our courses with Bishop’s students in mind, and take a personal stake in the kind of rigorous and challenging education we hope to offer to students without being constrained by the more general and pedantic regulations of the College Board.”

Many people hold onto the idea that a schedule brimming with AP’s appeals more to colleges, but that notion may be flawed. According to Ms. Gleason, “Colleges are looking at what courses you’ve taken, how you have performed in those courses, and at what high school.” If a college sees that Bishop’s doesn’t offer AP Literature, but a student opts for Honors Writing, one of the higher level classes at a reputed school like Bishop’s, the college won’t look at the student in a different way than they would a student who takes the AP version of the course.

The same goes if the student elects to take a semester course rather than a year course. Students taking the honors options can still take the AP exam and succeed, as can students taking semester English classes, and teachers can work with a more flexible curriculum.

It is too soon to tell whether the adjustment has been successful, but as English and Honors Writing teacher Mrs. Kathleen Kelly said, “If we are looking to cultivate a love of learning and a curiosity in thinking about how we approach the world and ourselves through the beauty of art, I am optimistic.” Perhaps in the future this change will spur other departments to evaluate their choice to offer AP’s as well.

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CULTURE

CLAIRE RYAN: SOMETHING IN HER STYLE Isabelle Kenagy

“IT’S NOT WHAT YOU WEAR BUT HOW YOU WEAR IT.” That has been Claire Ryan’s (‘18) guiding principle in fashion for years. The Bishop’s senior has already began to stake her claim in the fashion world through her blog, Something in the Style, her personal fashion tastes, and her published poem in Teen Vogue.

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laire grew up with a family of six and found inspiration through all her family members. “My siblings are like my best friends and honestly my older siblings, because they are so much older, serve as pseudo-parents.” Her birth parents have strongly shaped her character as well: “My mom is an artist, so she helps me on the creative side, and my dad works in the business world, so he helps to give me insights on strategy and more concrete things. Beyond anything, they have always supported me in whatever I want to do.”

Claire’s interest in fashion developed primarily from her lifelong passion for the arts and humanities.

She described how she has always loved reading and drawing, and gravitated towards writing, as evidenced by her blog. “I’ve always been much more art-based

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rather than math or science-based. I really loved doing art and that started to manifest itself into fashion.

I never planned for it to go there, but it kind of fell into place,” she explains.

Fashion also provides Claire with an outlet as, according to her, “I was always a shy kid and still am a little bit shy so this interest [in fashion] kind of turned into a form of self expression for me.”

Something in the Style is Claire’s main project currently. The site has four sections, fashion, lookbook, lifestyle, and travel. Claire tries her hardest to maintain all of them equally, posting at least once a week. As she says, “I really don’t have to try when it comes to writing articles for the fashion section. I love writing them and I really look forward to it. However, other sections, like my lookbook [pictures of outfits and where to buy

Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

CULTURE them], require a little more effort on my part.”

When it comes to her personal fashion taste, Claire looks primarily to fashion icons like Sofia Richie for style inspiration: “If I could afford it, I would dress like Sofia Richie.

I try and find affordable versions of items she wears and I think her style generally fits with mine.” Claire describes her own style as, “a little bit grunge, comfortable, and versatile.”

In the future, Claire hopes to focus more on developing her blog and further cultivating her personal style. She hopes to pursue an avenue in fashion journalism and branch out into the fashion world and has already begun doing this by finding emails of people in the industry and contacting them. Claire has already made contact with people like the public relations specialist at Louis Vuitton who works with

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some of the big names like Chiara Ferragni and Aimee Song, highly popular fashion bloggers. Claire said, “She’s given me lots of help and insight and I’m looking for more people like her.”

Claire is only beginning to make her first footsteps into the fashion industry but she has been remarkably successful so far. Something in the Style has reached roughly 1500 viewers per month and her personal style is constantly being updated and added to. If her daily outfit choices of fun prints, leather jackets, and graphic tees are any indication, Claire is definitely going somewhere in the fashion world.

FAVORITE COLOR? GRAY FAVORITE DESIGNER? ALEXANDER WANG FAVORITE CURRENT TREND? TYING ORNATE SILK SCARVES TO BAGS OR BACKPACKS FAVORITE TV SHOW? SHAMELESS FAVORITE MOVIE? TEN THINGS I HATE ABOUT YOU FAVORITE BOOK? LOOKING FOR ALASKA BY JOHN GREEN FAVORITE ACCESSORY? SCARVES FAVORITE STORE? ZARA FAVORITE FOOD? SWEET POTATO FRIES FAVORITE SHOW FROM THIS PAST FASHION MONTH? KENZO MOST PRIZED POSSESSION IN YOUR CLOSET? MY AUNT’S BRIDESMAID DRESS THAT I ALTERED AND MODERNIZED.

Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

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CULTURE 1-800-POLICY Sara Michael

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ur daily lives have become more dependent on cell phones. From our phones, we can do it all: order pizza, scroll through Instagram posts, and check-in on our friends. Some even sleep with their phones beside them, waking up in the morning to a healthy dose of screen time. It’s also no secret that cell phone dependency intrudes on our face-toface, intimate interactions—prompting a recent increase in focus on the phone policy and phone-related student citations at Bishop’s.

Many students have felt a shift in the severity of the cell phone policy, which has lead them to believe that there has been an update in the policy.

To clarify, the cell phone policy is not new this year. The administration last updated these regulations after the 2012-2013 school year.

Before then, the cell phone policy stated that, “Cell phones must be out of sight and in the off position during the school day.” It also stated that if a student wanted to use a phone, he or she had to go to the front desk to ask for permission.

Currently, the handbook states that cell phones are not allowed to be used from 8:20 a.m. to 2:55 p.m. It also states that if a student wants to use his or her phone for academic purposes or to contact a family member, he or she must go to the library or student center to use it.

Dean of Students Mr. Michael Beamer said the cell phone policy became a point of emphasis this year after faculty members expressed their frustrations with the increase in the use of cell phones on campus. He said, “In their perspective, the prevalence of

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phones in places where they aren’t supposed to be used seemed much higher at the beginning of this year than in years past.”

Mr. Beamer further explained that in response to these concerns about phone use, class sponsors made a point to bring up the topic during faculty meetings. The sponsors reasserted to the faculty that if they saw a phone being used in a way that defied the rules in the handbook, they should feel free

to take it away.

As English teacher Dr. Clara Boyle said of the issue, “I came out of the faculty meeting thinking I was just going to read the policy. Then my advisory pushed back really hard, and I had a moment where I was stunned and confused. I then realized that the faculty and students aren’t always operating under the same page, and that students don’t interpret the policy the same way the faculty do.”

Many students around campus have expressed their frustration with the difficulty of going about school days

Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

without their cell phones. Esha Kashyap (‘19) said, “I completely agree that phones shouldn’t be used in classrooms without teacher permission because it’s important to ensure students are paying attention, but I feel that preventing cell phone usage during milk break, passing period, and lunch is unnecessary, and at times, detrimental.”

Students often need to use their phones to check the schedule, online assignments, or emails in order to stay organized, and shouldn’t punished for doing so.

Because of the overall frustration with the policy both among the faculty and the students, is there a possibility of a policy update?

The cell phone policy in the handbook has remained unchanged for a few years. However, students have felt that the enforcement of this policy has felt more severe than in prior years. How to best address the policy, undoubtedly, is complex.

There are voices calling for its enforcement. And there are rivaling voices calling for its reduction.

As Dr. Boyle explained, “I’m really interested to see what the process of updating the policy will look like because I think it’ll be a complicated one.”

SPORTS

WINTER SPORTS & GIRLS’ WATER POLO Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

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SPORTS WINTER SEASON’S GREETINGS Maya Minagawa

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cademics reign supreme at Bishop’s, but that doesn’t mean that our sports aren’t a force to be reckoned with. Whether you’re the fan screaming in the front row of every game, or the one who just tagged along to support a friend, it’s hard to deny that coming off of an impressive fall season, our winter sports teams have some high expectations set going into the new year.

GIRLS’ WATER POLO

Perhaps one of the most anticipated sports, Girls Varsity Water Polo hopes to follow in last year’s team’s footprints after winning their seventh consecutive California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) championship.

Many of their top players graduated last year and went on to earn places on renowned universities’ water polo teams, such as University of California San Diego, Berkeley, Irvine, and Brown University. This year’s team is ready to uphold the bar, set high in the previous years, by aiming for a ground breaking “eight-peat.”

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Hugo Valera, one of the best squash players in the state, has recently stepped in as new head coach to our varsity squash team. In terms of their goals for the season, team captain Faizan Jamil (‘18) said,“We do have quite a few beginners, so we really need to focus on getting them up to par with the rest of the team.” Their prospects for this season are looking even better coming off a second place finish in all of Southern California last year.

GIRLS’ SOCCER

Soccer is another one of the most dominating sports on campus. Last year, the girls’ varsity team won Coastal League for the second year in a row, and went undefeated throughout the season. As with every team, they lost many amazing seniors, but are working towards rebuilding with many talented new additions and continuing to rise through the ranks to the top.

SURFING

While surfing is reserved only for the summer for some, this winter in ever-pleasant San Diego brings the surf team into the spotlight. Looking forward, they hope to continue to put surfers on the podium and in the water.

“We depend on mother nature to provide us with waves. Sometimes we get lucky and sometimes we get skunked,” as coach Mr. John Nagler put it, describing the sport’s unique challenge.

With a team full of new blood, they plan to continue to compete and improve throughout the year.

Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

BASKETBALL

Basketball, including both our girls and boys teams, is another one of the most popular sports on campus and in the nation. Last year, the girls team was runner up at CIF in the open division, coming in right behind one of the best teams in the nation, Clovis West High School. Both teams are continuing to dedicate numerous hours into making this season great.

With the potential for distinction shooting through the roof, this winter season has the making of one of the best yet.

SPORTS JUST KEEP SWIMMING Alyssa Huynh

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The Girls’ Varsity 2016-2017 Water Polo team smile together at the end of their season.

espite losing five senior start- lot of ways to be given the opportunity There are always girls that step up and ers, the Girls’ Varsity Water to play.” fill in the roles left behind by the girls Polo team looks forward to a Losing seniors is an annual who graduated.” new season, new faces, and new oppo- hitch in the program that every high Head varsity coach Doug Peanents. school team experiences. Even so, the body has led the team to their contin The team holds sevuous wins. He said, “I am always en consecutive California In- “I THINK WE excited to see the growth in each terscholastic Federation (CIF) student athlete as it pertains to the DEFINITELY HAVE championships. In the 2009sport of water polo, and their per2010 school year, the team be- A LOT TO LIVE UP TO, sonal growth as a student athlete gan their winning streak. For and player in the program.” Sierra BUT WE HAVE THE the past four years, the girls Martin (‘20), a current player, said, have beat their biggest rival, La “I think we definitely have a lot to POTENTIAL TO MEET Jolla High School, by one goal in live up to, but we have the potential every final CIF match.

OUR GOALS IF WE WORK to meet our goals if we work really

The transition from the hard.” highschool level to the collegiate REALLY HARD.” In preparation for the season, level is a big one. The National SIERRA MARTIN (‘20) the Bishop’s team has played several Collegiate Athletic Association pre-league games and scrimmages.

(NCAA) Division 1 level is a step up Bishop’s team prevails.

They have a rigorous practice schedule: from that of Bishop’s, which is already Alumna Lily Keck (‘17), a play- 3:15 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. Monday through demanding. Alumna Cassidy Ball (‘17), er at Brown University, has confidence Friday and 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. on who now plays at the University of Cal- in her previous teammates. “Every year Saturdays. The girls currently play open ifornia, Berkeley, said, “I really like col- seniors leave, and every year the team division in the Western League. Despite lege water polo; it’s super hard and kind seems to recover,” she said. “I think losing their seniors, the team is focused of scary, but exciting and challenging. it is always hard without players that on working hard and doing their best It’s the highest level in our sport, be- were so integral to the team, but that’s with a strong support system. sides the Olympics, so it’s an honor in a what makes Bishop’s water polo special.

Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

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ARTS CREATING ART, AND A STORY TO GO WITH IT Emma Oliver

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alk into the Manchester Library.

Turn right, towards the spiraling stairs adjacent to the two-story window pane.

Vibrant in the natural light, the artwork of featured student-artist Ian Walker (‘18) decorates the walls. Replacing the graphic designs and mixed media pieces of Flora (Yue) Chen (‘18), Ian’s art brings with it a fresh new form of artistic expression, offering a mixture of digital and hand-crafted work.

But Ian’s work goes beyond impressive artistic ability; with each piece of work, comes a narrative of some sort. In the making of his work, Ian has created an entire world of characters to go with it. “For me, making the narrative is half the fun,” said Ian.

When did you start doing art?

I don’t even know. There is a video tape somewhere in my house of me, at the age of two, scrawling on paper with a paint brush. Back then, I likely didn’t know what I was doing nor that I would be doing a lot more of it in the future. My earliest memories of drawing come from preschool. I would doodle mazes and characters in the maze that one would come across. Still, back then I didn’t know that art would be as important to me as it is today.

What is your favorite medium to work with?

Plain old drawing with pencil and paper still is my favorite medium. This is likely because I don’t take too much time to explore other mediums very often. I rather hone my skills studying the human anatomy, expres-

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sions and poses, and whatever else there is I need to know about drawing characters. However, I have recently started branching off into the world of digital painting which has been very frustrating yet still exciting and enriching.

What do you think about when you are creating your work?

Just about everything I make has some sort of story behind it, whether it is a character or a place, everything I draw is linked by a large overarching narrative. For me, making the narrative is half the fun. Creating a character’s history makes me care about them even more. It helps the design process since I look at them in a dynamic way than something like, “This character is a dude with a big sword who slays mon-

Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

Beyond visual art, Ian also creates original music and music videos. Perhaps rivaling Ian’s creativity is his dedication to his work. “Ian has always stayed true to his personal interest and expression in art. He has been self-directed and ambitious from the get go,” said Chair of the Visual Arts Department Ms. Elizabeth Wepsic. “Ian has an enormous capacity to be close with and to empathize with those he meets.

Because he is so unassuming, his talent can be overlooked. I highly recommend taking the time to know him. From music videos, original music, character development, and extraordinary drawings— he is beyond the pale, an artist our school will never forget.”

sters. He has a dark and mysterious past but no one needs to know what it is, only that he has one.” That would be lame.

Is there a uniting theme or message that you would like your art to communicate?

Yes. I have a universe going on inside my head. It would likely be helpful if I wrote it down and sorted it out, however, there hasn’t been time for that lately. You see, every character and story I make now resides in this universe I’ve set the grounds for. All my art continues to become a collective mass of tales that range over a very large span of time within my universe.

How did you select the pieces for the exhibit?

Is there any sort of theme you created?

I mostly chose what was current. The first half as you go down the stairwell is not related to the overarch-

ARTS

ing story and were just exercises or one offs. Then you get to my comic that I created last year. From there down, all those related to my stories.

What kind of thoughts or feelings do you hope your pieces evoke in their viewers?

All I hope is that when people look at my art they feel something, even if they hate it. If they hate it they can tell me why and I can take that into account if I feel their advice works along side my vision. I’m not expecting every one’s experience to be the same when they look at something I create. I suppose at least I would like to stir up some sort of curiosity within people, a curiosity to know more about where the character or scene is coming from.

What does your art mean to you?

I want my art to eventually be an escape for people who want to explore a world and a story that is not their own. For me, art is all about world building. The world is there for me to explore as well, and in exploring it, I find pieces that haven’t been created

yet. I love justifying why things exist in my world and giving them a purpose.

This limits what I am able to create in my world since it has to be justified as tangible, but that’s part of the fun.

What does your creative process look like?

It looks a lot like the inside of my sketchbook. It is my sketchbook. I fill the pages of my sketchbook with all sorts of ideas for characters and races. I use a lot of reference for poses and inspiration from Pinterest. So those two items are about all I need to get going.

If I’m actually trying to work on a finished product (which is very rare) then I might be working digitally in Paint Tool Sai. I also liked to use watercolor for a time and would like to get back into it.

How do you choose the subject of each piece?

I don’t know. Who do I feel like drawing today? What character needs more attention and fleshing out? Something like that.

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How has your style changed over the years?

I’ve gotten more comfortable with drawing faces most of all. I used to hate showing off the faces I would draw since I knew how painful they were to look at. My art style used to be a lot more messy and chaotic than it is today. In fact, I had an entirely different universe to go along with that style. It was a much more narrow universe than the one I’ve been working on as of late.

All the faces were bizarre and very minimalistic. My art style played off that I didn’t know proper proportions or much anatomy. It was somewhat convenient to mask my lack of knowledge and practice. I’m certainly not happy with where my style is at today. It’s still a work in progress and likely will be as long as I am still drawing and striving to improve.

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FEATURE:

GUN CONTROL & SCHOOL SAFETY

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or inanimate objects, guns are incredibly complex. At times they represent tradition, protection, and family values. At others death, destruction, and fear. They bring people together, or rip them apart. But no matter what role they play in your life, they seem a staple of American culture.

On October 1st of this year, 58 people died in a mass shooting at a Las Vegas country music concert. A little over a month later, 26 people in a mass shooting at a church in Sutherland Springs, Texas. Now the most and fifth most deadly in the US respectively, these shootings, as well as a handful of others throughout 2017, have fueled the gun control debate.

In addressing how to handle gun control legislation in our country, much of the back and forth stems from the Second Amendment. One of ten in the Bill of Rights, it allows citizens to keep and bear arms. On one side, altering the Second Amendment infringes on citizens’ right to self defense and opposition to tyranny. On the other, the Amendment cannot be absolute because the founding fathers established the right more than two hundred years ago, when the most advanced weapon was a rifle.

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Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

BEYOND WHAT KEEPS YOU SAFE? Annie Zeigler

The most recent renewal of the Amendment, Caetano v. Massachusetts in 2016, ruled that the Second Amendment refers to “all instruments that constitute bearable arms.” The case involved Jaime Caetano, who wielded a stun gun when her abusive ex-boyfriend, who had previously violated her restraining orders against him, approached her at her workplace. Caetano was convicted under a Massachusetts law that prohibited possession of stun guns, stating the weapon was illegal because it wasn’t in use at the time of the Second Amendment’s enactment.

Conflicts like Caetano’s consistently pull the Second Amendment into question, but mass shootings usually fuel the most active debate. In these cases, those in favor of gun control often argue that if guns are more aggressively regulated, the consistency and death toll of shootings will be lower.

Purely statistically speaking, this is true. According to 2015 statistics by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the states with the top three highest firearm deaths per 100,000 people were Alaska (23.4), Louisiana (20.4), and Alabama, Mississippi, and Wyoming (19.6). All five of those states, according to State Firearm Laws, had low numbers of gun regulation laws in 2015: 2, 12, 10, 5, and 9, respectively. In comparison, the states with the three lowest firearm deaths per 100,000 people were Massachusetts (3), Hawaii (3.6), and New York (4.2).

The three states have higher numbers of gun regulation laws: 100, 47, and 75, respectively.

In an OP-ED published three days after the Las Vegas shooting titled, “Repeal the Second Amendment,” New York Times journalist Bret Stephens used statistics like these, as well as his personal views on gun control.

He ended the piece with the sentence: “The true foundation of American exceptionalism should be our capacity for moral and constitutional renewal, not our instinct for self-destruction.”

Of course, gun death rates don’t solely pertain to homicide. Suicide accounts for the majority of gun mortality in the US, makes up around 60% of gun-related deaths in recent years, according to the New York Times. As a matter of fact, Wyoming (28) and Montana (26.9) had the two highest suicide rates in 2015, according to CDC.

Those against gun control, for the most part, believe heightening gun buying and carrying restrictions will not keep shootings from occurring altogether. In 1995, Jerry Patterson, the former Commissioner of the General Land Office of Texas (2003-2015) and former state senator (1993-1999), wrote the law that allowed Texans to carry concealed weapons. The Luby’s Cafeteria shooting in 1991 prompted this law, after a man drove his truck into the building, shooting and killing 23 people and injuring 27. At the time, it was the deadliest mass shooting in history.

The story focused on Suzanna Hupp, who survived the shooting.

Her parents, however, did not. That day, Hupp decided to leave her gun in her car because it was against the law to have one on her person. When the shooter approached her parents, she had no way of defending them or herself.

Patterson believes some of the most dangerous places in America are those that are gun-free. “It’s a target-rich environment where the shooter believes, correctly or incorrectly, that no one there is armed,” he said in a podcast interview for The Daily. “You could make us safer if you confiscated every semi-automatic weapon in this

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country. Is that possible? No.”

In terms of the Sutherland Springs shooting this year, Patterson explained that, in Texas, the attitude towards guns will become more friendly, if anything. After the shooter emerged from the church, a gun-wielding neighbor chased him off, hitting him at one point. Even once the shooter left in his car, others pursued him.

Isaac Resca’s (‘18) opinion aligns closely with Patterson’s. He said, “Gun control doesn’t really have a point.

The only form of gun control that can actually reduce risk is confiscating every gun in the country. Since there are almost as many traceable guns as there are people, that isn’t plausible.”

In emphasizing traceable guns, Isaac has a point. The rise of “ghost guns,” weapons made at home that exist unbeknownst to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, have become more and more of a concern to the US government and society at large.

Citizens can buy gun parts on websites like “ghostgunner.com” or “ghostgun. com” and construct DIY guns without serial numbers. The gunman in the Northern California shooting on November 14 that killed 5 people used a ghost gun.

Addressing gun control through a regional viewpoint, Clarke Eastman-Pinto (‘18) took a more moderate stance. “In rural areas, there are more recreational and productive uses for guns. In densely populated, urban areas, there are no good uses for full auto and large magazine weapons outside of a shooting range.”

It seems as though guns aren’t going anywhere anytime soon. Whether that’s a good or a bad thing might be infinitely up for debate.

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BEYOND THE LAWS OF LOCKDOWN Amy Carlyle

M

y first real lockdown at Bishop’s happened while I was in the sixth grade—December 13, 2013. I was in the ceramics room when some of my classmates heard a helicopter using a loudspeaker. They ran upstairs to the quad, listened, and came back down, reporting it was playing a description of a suspect in a nearby robbery. Minutes later, the school went on lockdown for an hour and a half until it was deemed safe to leave.

Shootings have become increasingly prevalent; from 2013-2016, according to the Huffington Post, over 200 school shootings occurred in the United States.

morality of gun control is highly contested in the US, it is considered a necessity in many other countries. For example, Australia experienced four mass shootings between 1987 and 1996; the last incident provoked a public demand for stricter gun laws, prompting Parliament to pass a bill. Australia has not experienced a mass shooting since.

On our own soil, the devastation in article headlines and tragic stories on social media continue to strike us regularly. Despite our physical distance from a disaster, they continue to magnify the suffocating paranoia of what could possibly happen in our own lives. Still, it is important to remember

“RUN UNTIL YOU CAN’T RUN. HIDE UNTIL YOU CAN’T HIDE. FIGHT UNTIL YOU CAN’T FIGHT.”

Some attribute tragedies to the background of the perpetrator: what conditions did they grow up in? How were they treated by their families and their communities? What drove them, if anything, to want to commit something so tragic?

Others, however, blame the lack of gun laws. The US makes up 48% of all civilian owned guns in the world.

Though the effectiveness and

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the safety measures in our community that guard us.

In order to protect Bishop’s students and adults in the event of an emergency, the School has multiple procedures designed to accommodate a variety of situations.

Lockdowns, intended for situations of imminent danger, are meant to keep us inside and intruders out.

According to Director of Facilities Mr.

Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

Brian Williams, in a lockdown, classroom doors are supposed to be locked.

All curtains or blinds must be closed, and if the door has a window in it, the window must be covered. Anyone inside the classroom should gather in a corner or off to the side of the room, and the door should be blocked with furniture, or similarly large items.

In order to be better prepared for emergencies, Bishop’s practices emergency protocols in cycles during the year. Typically the year begins with a fire drill, then a minor earthquake drill. Next, there are multiple options to practice, the most frequently drilled being lockdown, but also including shelter-in-place, tsunami, major earthquake— when the magnitude of the quake is too great for the field to be a safe place. All of the drills are selected from Bishop’s emergency manual, containing the details of every procedure and totaling over fifty pages in length.

In addition to the measures already in place, the School is beginning to update lockdown protocol in order to better protect people on campus. Mr. Williams says, “We are about to undergo some modifications. Lockdowns have changed a lot, because they’re based on actual incidents, starting with Columbine and Newton and West Virginia. The people who commit these acts modify the way they commit them.”

The newest logic for lockdowns, and for unsafe situations in general, is the Run, Hide, Fight method. Promoted by the Department of Homeland Security, this idea describes three courses of action and under what circumstances you should take them.

To start, leave the scene as soon as possible, and search for a safe place away from any perpetrators. Contin-

BEYOND

US residents own significantly more guns than residents of any other country— a fact that often prompts concern for students and adults alike.

ue to run until you are no longer able.

Then, find a hiding place. Remain hidden until law enforcement have arrived and announced that the situation is safe. If you cannot remain hidden and are facing unavoidable danger, attempt to injure or otherwise disarm the perpetrator. Only fight if you are in extreme danger and have exhausted every alternative.

Only a month ago, this practice saved the life of high school junior Shae Turner. Her parents, both FBI agents, believed in teaching Shae the Run, Hide, Fight method, so she could find safety in any situation. The morning be-

fore Shae and her best friend Delaney went to see Jason Aldean at the Route 91 Harvest Festival in Las Vegas, they reminded her of the method, since large gatherings like concerts are easy targets for disaster.

“Run until you can’t run. Hide until you can’t hide. Fight until you can’t fight,” said Shae’s mother before the girls left, according to a Washington Post article describing the lives of six teens who attended the concert.

After recognizing the sound of gunshots, Shae and Delaney ran to the Luxor Hotel and hid in a bathroom until rescued. Neither girl was injured in

Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

the shooting.

While my experience in sixth grade was definitely not a disaster, it was comforting to see the safety measures taken to keep us protected. As scary as it was, my class knew everything would be okay in the end. In a world that might be increasingly frightening for some, awareness of safety procedures is the key to living with fear.

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Timeline of Trump’s Presidency

Jan 27

The US travel ban is first proposed. On December 4, 2017 the Supreme Court approves the newest iteration of the travel ban with people from Chad, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Venezuela, Somalia, Syria and Yemen

being unable to enter the US. March 20

The American Healthcare Act (more publicly known as the Republican Healthcare Plan) passes through Congress despite a mere 12%

backing from the general public.

April 6

The Trump Administration approves the bombing of Syrian civilians in attempts to fight back against ISIS.

May 9

FBI Director James Comey is fired after ongoing investigations into the Trump Administration and their alleged ties with Russia.

May 12

The president threatens to release recordings of conversations he held with Comey. Trump’s ties with Russia have been confusing and suspicious leading up to this point, with countless members of his administration denying evidence of ties to the country. This issue is currently regarded as one of the largest in his administration. History teacher Mr. Richard del Rio believes that, in the following months to come the president “will get increasingly frustrated with the Russia investigation.”

June 1

Acting on the president’s orders, the U.S. pulls out of the Global Climate Accord (GCA) .

June 26

Trump declares a national state of emergency in regards to the growing tensions with North Korea.

July 6

The president and Putin meet at G20, stating they are working on planning a harmonious future between their countries.

July 26

The Trump Administration passes the Transgender Soldier Ban, denying anyone who identifies as transgender the ability to serve in the army. The ban was officially passed on August 25th.

Aug 9-14

Threats between Trump and Kim Jong Un are exchanged via social media networks, namely Twitter.

BEYOND Harper White

Aug

Alt-right marches spark unrest and violence, including the death of one person. The Trump Administration made no official statement, however, Trump did make a personal statement saying “violence comes from both sides.”

Sep 26

Acting on the president’s orders, the U.S. pulls out of the Global Climate Accord (GCA) .

Nov 6

Trump suggests that the NFL place a ban on player protests during the national anthem.

Nov 27

A nationwide poll from Politico reveals Trump’s approval rating has dipped to an all time low of 37%.

Jan 27

At a Navajo veterans event, the President jokingly calls a Native American congressperson “Pocahontas.” Since the incident, Trump has not made a formal statement on the matter.

Dec 5

The Senate passes a new tax cut, with mixed responses from the people. While many Republicans believe that this tax cut does not favor businessmen and larger corporations, some Democrats disagree, further stating that the bill targets areas seen as traditionally democratic, such as New York and California. Since the start of his presidency, Trump’s tax cuts have provided a substantial amount of controversy, with people both in support and against them. Head of the Bishop’s Republican club Matthew Buckley (‘18) believes that “the tax cuts will pass [the house] which will be a huge victory for Trump”.

Dec 7

The president officially recognizes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, a decision which the Palestinian people reacted to with protest.

The debate between Israel and Palestine over Jerusalem has been active for several decades now, with the debates over Jerusalem rising in the past millennia. Trump’s decision to declare Jerusalem under the control of Israel is a controversial one and, in the words of head of the Bishop’s Democratic club Elaine Wei (18’), “may make the peace talks between Pakistan and Israel, which are already extremely delicate matters, even more uncertain.”

OPINION SERVICE STARTS NOW Emma Oliver

O

n Friday, November 10th, La Jolla High alum and country just to our south, and realize that you’re standing in Major in the Marine Corps Reserves Alex Martin a place people will risk their life to come to. To me, there is spoke at an all-school assembly in honor of Veter- no more powerful narrative or experience than to be able to an’s Day. Alex shared his experiences as a Marine and as a ask yourself from this position, ‘How will I best serve?’” leader in Nuru, Wa l k i n g a non-governout of Alex mental organiMartin’s talk, zation (NGO) I felt jealous. in Africa.

Jealous of his

It was epiphany on in 2010 when the Magellan Alex saw a Star. Why had glimpse of the I not realized life he would my passion to follow after serve? leaving his mil I assured itary career. myself that Having acceptonce I gradued an Oval-Ofated, I would fice-approved, have the time anti-piracy asI so desired to signment, Alex spend explorAlex Martin stands with his Maritime Assault Platoon, 1st Force Reconnaissance Company and his platoon ing the world of were off the Horn of Africa when they encountered Somali service, looking beyond my immediate needs. Essentially, I pirates. Aboard the Magellan Star— a German-owned car- settled my conscious and feelings of missed opportunity by go ship pirated off the coast of Somalia— Alex had his ca- committing my future self to the things I ought to be doing reer-changing (literally) epiphany about war and peace. now. But something Alex said in the assembly derailed this

Unlike al-Qaeda or the Taliban (both of which Alex idea: “You don’t need to wait for graduation to start your caand his platoon had fought), Alex could not identify Somali reer in service.” pirates as an enemy. As he explained, Somali piracy was a During Alex’s talk, I realized that I have coasted form of business, an organized crime group risking lives for through high school with service as something of an afteran income. In small, haphazard boats, the pirates’ excursions thought within my agenda of advancement. From student took them hundreds of miles beyond the shore. With regards groups, to weighted courses, AP exams, standardized testing, to the pirates on the Magellan Star, Alex and his team ulti- and a lot of college scatter-gram comparisons, I often lost mately took back the ship. But they did so without firing a sight of the world that exists beyond Bishop’s. single shot.

As a senior, I can identify with the feeling of what

Soon after this mission, in June of 2011, Alex retired high schoolers call “FOMO” — fear of missing out. After from active duty— a tough decision, but he realized a new Alex Martin spoke, I ruefully looked upon my last four years passion to serve. Two years later, Alex began his journey of meaningful but sparse exploration in the realm of service. working in NGOs, specifically Nuru International, an orga- I missed out, I thought. nization which shares his desire to end extreme poverty.

Undoubtedly, I will look back on my time at Bishop’s

After outlining his life story, which began in La Jolla with great fondness; I cannot thank my inspiring teachers and ultimately settled in international nonprofit work, Alex and friends enough for all the knowledge I have learned and concluded his talk by encouraging the audience members to values I have acquired. But I wish I used the these resources consider how we, too, could make a difference in the world: to do more than develop my own character.

“Look at all the beauty in San Diego… and then look at the School Guidance Counselor Ms. Megan Broderick

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Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

OPINION

THE DAY SERVICE BECOMES SOMETHING TO PUT ON A COMMON APPLICATION, IT BECOMES, IRONICALLY, A SELF-SERVING ENTITY, HELPING TO BETTER OURSELVES. explained that the problem with service at Bishop’s may be two-fold: first, the lack of time. “At times, it seems like you students are too busy to do more than that what is required.

It’s not necessarily a selfish or self-involved problem. I just think it’s hard for students to see above everything you have to do as students and to be able to see outside yourselves and see where the greater need is in the world,” said Ms. Broderick.

And second, Ms. Broderick points to the obligatory context with which service is presented: “My office is right next to Jackie’s, so I do see a lot of kids cutting corners. And is that because community service is a requirement? I don’t know. But it seems like to me community service has become something that people have to check off of a list, instead of a genuine desire to get out there.”

The day service becomes something to put on a Common Application, it becomes, ironically, a self-serving entity, helping to better ourselves. In a letter to the parents at Trinity Preparatory School, Head of School John Allman stated a new mission for the year: to instill an ethos of citizenship and public service among the student body. “And it is the building of this ethos that is the only valid social justification for the extraordinary resources we are pouring into our students’ education,” said Mr. Allman. “Without this ethos, I am afraid we are, for a majority of our students, just a very, very, very expensive finishing school.”

Here at Bishop’s, there exists far more than the

chance of attaining a remarkable education. Here lives a micro population of fascinated, driven, and caring citizens. It is easy to become distracted by our everyday tasks and commitments, but I see a solution beginning with our definition of this institution. We do not attend a “finishing school.” As John Allman noted in his letter, “The contractual view of school is that families pay fees in exchange for the educational skills and credentials their children seek; the covenantal view of school is that families enter into a partnership with the school to build a learning community in which their children will develop their potential to serve others.” Employing our acquired skills to help others, I think, would be the best celebration of what Mr. Allman defines as an ideal school.

I have every intention of making up for lost time during the months and years to come, and I think many of my fellow seniors do, as well. But perhaps with a fundamental evaluation of our lives here at Bishop’s, for future seniors, college will become a stepping stone for existing passions of service. As school speaker Major Alex Martin said, “I can tell you: You don’t need to join the military or join an NGO and move to Africa to have this experience of service. You just need to open your eyes and realize the opportunity you have.”

Issue 04 • December 2017 • The Tower

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The Bell

Nestled inside the Bishop Johnson Tower is a bell. Though tucked away from view and hardly ever rung, everyone knows it is there. The bell has become a prize to find — students have attempted to reach the top of the tower for decades. Needless to say, the bell is a much sought-after icon on the Bishop’s campus.

The Tower has its very own bell; though not mysterious and more easily accessible, it aims to stir the same excitement as the physical bell. Home to lighter news and satire alike—such as Top Ten, Bachelor/Bachelorette, and Who Wore it Better—the Bell intends to serve as a break from the depth of the magazine and bring a different, lighter kind of joy to the Bishop’s community.

ask “Why do you think you are qualified to be giving advice? (not meant in a malicious manner)” Submitted by Anonymous 12th grader

I’m a younger, cuter version of Oprah, duh.

I wouldn’t say I am “qualified” in the form of a Ph.D, Bachelor in Psychology sense, but regardless, I can say that I’m pretty well versed in the countless “my world is ending” struggles of the modern high schooler. Trust me, I’ve seen it all.

So as a fun, new addition to The Bell, I created “Ask Liv” for needy students of The Bishop’s School.

This column’s intent is to allow Bishop’s students to get their issues addressed, share a personal anecdote, or ask a question in a light-hearted manner.

“What is the meaning of life?”

Submitted by Anonymous 9th grader

Oh, deep... I feel like Ghandi answering this question. Well, according to science, the meaning of life is to make babies. But we are merely in high school, so most likely we are not planning on popping out a little version of ourselves anytime soon. My answer to this derives from the Kardashians. As stated by Kim Kardashian, “At the end of the day, life is about being happy being who you are.” Well said, Kimmy K, well said.

Since we’re all high schoolers, I would say that the meaning of life is to find yourself and figure out what you enjoy doing. You should discover what makes you happy and pursue it. Last year, in my sophomore year English class with Mr. Bishop, I realized that I really enjoy writing. His class was filled with engaging discussions which often got off topic (guilty). But regardless, I loved analyzing the texts and then writing my own stories utilizing my acquired writing techniques. This year I decided to try out writing for The Tower. PSA: it has been the best decision I have made throughout high school, and I have loved every second of it.

All in all, as high schoolers, we don’t need our lives to be completely sorted out or purposeful just yet.

Simply enjoy yourself and be spontaneous with whatever you choose to do! #YOLO #makebishopslit

“How do I ask a girl to be my girlfriend?”

Submitted by Hriday Hosalkar (‘20)

Option A: Commit to Harvard for lacrosse and change your last name to Dawson. Sike. High school relationships are overrated and you’re not going to find any Nicholas Sparks scenes here. Accepting this notion is perhaps the best thing you can do for yourself with regards to relationships.

You may never attain a Notebook-type romance, but accepting that puts you in the game of real high school affairs.

If you are still adamant about having a girlfriend, your pending relationship status depends on how close you want to be with this prospective GF. If she replies to your texts and has climbed to your BFF spot on Snapchat, you’re in good shape.

So just ask her out. Congratulations, you’ve made it! You’re welcome.

Option B: Managing Editor Isabelle Kenagy (‘19) disagrees with my above answer. She told me that my response was too discouraging to the hopeful hearts of The Bishop’s School for boys and girls, so I will try this again. If you’re confident and charming and feel like an Isabelle Kenagy or Brooke Buchner (‘20), go for someone two grades older than you. Get it, girls!

If you can’t accomplish that, I guess you should start by talking to this mystery woman, and showing her your jazzy personality while impressing her with some hidden talents.

If you need a real life example, just take a look at Alie Herbst (‘18) and Isaiah Dawson (‘18), who have been dating for a year and seven months. They have stellar personalities and are two people who everyone on campus adores. So yeah, maybe the whole Nicholas Sparks romance is possible in high school (#rooting4you). Moral of the story, sometimes just being your genuine and authentic self can help match you up with someone.

So back to you, Hriday: I say hang out with prospective GF over the weekend, buy her something from Brick and Bell (everyone loves food), and then serenade her with “Boyfriend” by JB in the cafeteria and BAM! You got yourself a girlfriend.

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Highlights of 2017

“Getting into Bishop’s.”

- Jared LeTourneau (‘24) “Committing to Hopkins.”

- Chase Ladrido (‘20) “The end.”

- Shaylee Xie (‘20)

“When Hatch put his head on my lap. It was adorable.”

- CJ Delfino (‘18) “Utah with Acting Workshop.”

- Gabe Worstell (‘20)

“Halloween, when everyone got “Watching the Women’s National together to take pictures and Soccer team beat Brazil.” there was a costume contest.”

- Ali Collins (‘19) - Allura Brown (‘21) “Completing yellow vibes on my “Being featured in The Tower.”

Insta feed.”

- Nick Van Huizum (‘18) - Layne Faltinsky (‘18) “Going to SDLC.” - Noah Addaikkalam (‘18) “On the first day of school, I didn’t know how to find a class, so I asked some seniors and they were really helpful and nice.”

- Emily Zhu (‘23)

“When Scott asked the Ellen Browning Scripps lady if she found anything about the catacombs.”

-Ariana Bockstahler (‘18) “Keeping my old friends that came with me to Bishop’s, and meeting lots of new ones too.”

- Charlotte Lester (‘24)

Tower Family Traditions Emma Oliver (‘18) “My family decorates our house with my and my sister’s preschool and elementary school Christmas-themed artwork.

It’s ugly but festive.”

Annie Zeigler (‘18) “We eat Mexican food with my mom’s side of the family on Christmas Eve.”

Isabelle Kenagy (‘19) “We always decorate our Christmas tree with ornaments from places we’ve been. Whenever we go somewhere, we always get a special ornament.”

Amy Carlyle (‘20) “Every year on Christmas Eve, my dad always makes tacos for dinner. We call them Christmas Tacos.”

David Brewer (‘18) “We never open presents before we all make breakfast as a family.”

Alyssa Huynh (‘20) “Both sides of my family always come to my house and have a potluck.”

Olivia Ralph (‘19) “I eat the cookies my brother left out for Santa.”

Sara Michael (‘19) “My family bakes a birthday cake for Jesus.”

TOP TEN

H O L I DAY P R O B L E M S

2 3 45

When your little brother wakes everyone up at 5 a.m. because “Santa came!”

When San Diego weather doesn’t make wearing Christmas sweaters and socks easy.

When you buy your teacher a $100 gift basket but they still won’t round your grade from a 65 to an A-.

When your sibling comes home from college and now you have to share the car and return the stolen clothes.

When you go Christmas shopping for other people and come back with stuff for yourself.

When you can’t appreciate the holidays because the dread of cumulatives is hanging over your head.

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When your religion doesn’t recognize the divinity of Jesus so it’s a little hard to relate to the Christmas spirit.

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1

When you have to pretend to like the napkins your grandparents got you for Hanukkah.

89 10

When you start making jokes about how Santa isn’t real and you realize there’s a three year-old next to you.

When you eat all the ginger bread and start to look like snowman.

the

TOWER photo credits Special front & back cover thanks to student photographer Cal Pedroli (‘18) • (TOC) Page 4-5, Photo Coutesy of Le Huynh • (A Student’s Dilemma) Page 4-5 , PC: Maya Minagawa (‘20) • (Claire Ryan) Page 8 , PC: Claire Ryan (‘18) • (1-800-Policy) Page 10, PC: Sara Michael (‘19) • (Winter Season’s Greeting) Page 12 , 1. PC: bishops.com 2.

Photo Coutesy of Le Huynh • (Just Keep Swimming) Page 13, Photo Coutesy of Klara Chisholm (‘18) • (Creating Art...) Page 16-17, 1. PC: Ian Walker (‘18); 2. PC: Ian Walker (‘18); 3. PC: Ian • Walker (‘18) • (Gun Control) Page 18-19, 1. PC: David Brewer (‘18) • (Safety Procedure) Page 19-20, 1. The New York Times • (Service) Page 24-25, PC: Nuru.org • (The Bell) Page 26-27, PC: Cal Pedroli (‘18) • (Ask Liv) Page 28-29 , 1. PC: Isabelle Kenagy (‘19)

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