06 Unraveling the Enticing Beauty of the Pink City
22 The Efficacies of Culinary Aesthetics
14 Gods, Giants, and Gossip Squirrels: The Wild World of Norse Myths
30 Exploring the Unparalleled World of the Vermilion Cliffs
38 Nutritional Powerhouse: Nuts & Seeds
42 From Renaissance Grace to Neoclassical Order: A Timeless Dance of Art and Style
A Fun Dive into the World’s Biggest Beer Bash: Oktoberfest 50
54
Vada Curry: Chennai’s Best-Kept Secret (Until Now)
58 When the Clocks Chimed Their Way Through Madras City
Brew’s new spotlight is on art and culture that embarks on the essence of the magazine.
Let’s dive into this theme - “Culture and Living” for an amusing ride and diverse content.
Purushoth Appu
I was watching “Kadhal Kottai” on TV the other day and that evoked a lot of memories in me. Of lovers who haven’t seen each other, the sweetness of gifts, the wistful voice of SPB’s “Un Mugam Nan Kana Kadhimae,” the unknown land of Rajasthan, and the experience that the city gives and the people have to offer. Cinema is what first introduced me to this beauty.
The song in the movie “Sivappu Lolaku Jolikkudu” connected strongly with me while I was roaming around under the golden sky sparkling in Jaipur. Rajasthan presents a novel experience for those who enjoy verdant landscapes. In particular, we are
able to experience several “epic” tales and “classic” close-ups with each camera clicks. Among the architecture of deserted palaces, buildings, alleyways in bazaars, marble stones, and desolate countryside stretching for miles was a perfect representation of how I felt.
Known affectionately as the “Pink City,” Jaipur was established in AD 1727 during the rule of Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. A massive rampart encircles the pink-tinted metropolis, and its streets and alleyways like leeches with sporadic ups and downs. Though the archives show that the young Bengali architect Vidyadhar Battacharya
developed the blueprint for this metropolis, his artistic grace is breathtaking. The person has created vast straight pathways, highways, streets, alleys, and rows of identical stores on either side of the main commercial routes.
You would never get worn out visiting the vibrant shopping streets of Jaipur, regardless of the distance. The lure of cheap jewellery, marbles, and Rajasthani handloom clothing entices you. Beautifully groomed gardens and parks, fascinating monuments, and beautiful heritage hotels that were originally Maharajas’ palaces are all breathtaking sights. Your visit to Jaipur will be fascinating with the
swinging camels and vibrantly coloured clothing. When one sees palaces with a thousand windows, it is impossible for a Tamil mind to ignore the memories of people living in Karaikudi Chettiar houses.
In the midst of these magnificent palaces and sculptures, we find ourselves laughing as if we have merely witnessed the dances of the beautiful women who starred in Tamil films. These women, starting with the reign of MGR and Shivaji, laid the groundwork for the dance performances. Rajasthan served as the location for the filming of MGR’s Adimai Pen, which featured the palaces
of the queens. Rajasthan is so popular among filmmakers that, up until the most recent Ponniyan Selvan film, there has not been a single director who has not made an attempt to establish a presence in the state.
Tamil film directors are not the only ones attempting to establish a presence in Rajasthan. The James Bond movie “Octopus” was a big success all over the world. The film shot parts of its three quarters of an hour in Rajasthan, inspiring me to embark on my journey. In general, the Rajasthan tourism department has changed the image of desert and camel as far
as the eye can see in the mind through its hard work in the last 15 years. Foreign tourists coming to India also include a visit to Rajasthan in their heart list along with visiting Delhi and Agra. Touring these three towns is called ‘Triangle Tourism’.
Despite the abundance of information available on Google and Wiki, it’s crucial to compile a personal list of locations that you simply must visit. An astronomical observatory constructed out of stone at Janthar Manthar was home to astronomical instruments that were fashioned according to scientific principles.
Regardless of your level of exhaustion, you simply must visit the Hawa Mahal, a five-story palace that resembled a peacock. Finely carved stone windows, resembling honeycombs, graced the building. We learned that they built it to give the royal ladies a chance to watch the city’s daily activities and the royal processions, evoking nostalgia for the “Black and White” era.
The Govind Devji Temple, located in the great hall of the Jainivas Estate without a tower to the north of Chandramahal, is the most famous temple in Jaipur; the city is known for its towers, dedicated to Lord Krishna. A temple in Vrindavan once dedicated the idol of Govind Devji here. According to the inscription, Sawai Jaising II brought it there, which later became his family’s deity.
Despite the presence of palaces, halls, domes, gardens, and temples, Amer Fort continues to stand majestically in the midst of a densely forested terrain. It is only possible to approach the palace through a difficult path because it was constructed from beneath the water of Maota Lake. Elephant rides are the only way for tourists to experience this treasure. There is a sense of anticipation here. However, you are only allowed to ride an elephant up to Jaleb Chowk. Over there, there are two lanes that split off. Both the Shila Matha Temple and the Palace can be reached by ascending two flights of stairs, which begin at one end of the Chowk and lead to the other end. Creators of art!
For a shopping spree, people can visit Rajasthan with their eyes closed. You will be able to purchase jewellery that is sure to grab your attention, as well as stunning gemstones, semi-precious gemstones, kundan and minakari work with enamel coating in gold. Cotton garments, such as those with Sanganeri designs, tie-anddye, and exquisite kota sarees, are also readily available.
A celebration was held at the Marwar festival in honour of the individuals who had been very kind and generous. Gauri Ambigai, the goddess of fertility, is honoured at this festival, which takes place from the month of March to the month of April. While it is hosted throughout the entire state of Rajasthan, Jaipur and Udaipur are the ones that host it on a massive scale in order to entice everyone. If you are looking to satisfy your artistic needs, Rajasthan is without a doubt the “best choice”.
Denver Fernandez
In a world where reality and myth intertwine. Where the branches of a cosmic ash tree cradle the nine realms of existence, and where gods and monsters wage an eternal struggle for supremacy; Where wolves can swallow the sun and a simple squirrel whose gossip-mongering antics span the heights and depths of Yggdrasil itself.
We delve into these legends and discover how each being embodies fundamental forces of nature, concepts of order and chaos, and the eternal cycle of creation and destruction that defines the Norse worldview.
1. Jörmungandr (The Midgard Serpent)
The enormous sea serpent offspring of Loki and the giantess Angrboða, Jörmungandr is so large it encircles the entire world and grasps its tail. In Norse mythology, it represents the outermost boundaries of the mortal realm, Midgard. Jörmungandr is destined to fight Thor during Ragnarök, the final battle. Their confrontation is prophesied to end with Thor slaying the serpent but succumbing to its venom nine steps later, symbolising the cosmic balance of victory and defeat.
2. Fenrir
A monstrous wolf, also Loki’s offspring with Angrboða, Fenrir plays a crucial role in Norse tales. Prophesied to kill Odin during Ragnarök, Fenrir represents the forces of chaos that threaten cosmic order. The Æsir gods, fearing his growing strength, tricked and bound him
using a magical rope called Gleipnir, crafted by dwarves from impossible things like the sound of a cat’s footfall and the roots of a mountain. This binding cost the god Tyr his hand, showcasing the price of maintaining order. Fenrir’s breaking free at Ragnarök signifies the unleashing of primordial chaos.
3. Sleipnir
Odin’s eight-legged horse, considered the fastest of all creatures, Sleipnir symbolises Odin’s role as a psychopomp, guiding souls between worlds. Born to Loki while in the form of a mare, Sleipnir’s unusual parentage reflects the fluid nature of boundaries in Norse mythology. His eight legs are thought to represent the eight directions of the compass, emphasising his ability to traverse all realms. Sleipnir is also associated with shamanic practices, serving as a mount for spiritual journeys between worlds.
4. Ratatoskr
A squirrel that runs up and down Yggdrasil, the world tree, Ratatoskr carries messages between the eagle at the top and the dragon Níðhöggr at the roots. More than just a messenger, Ratatoskr is known for spreading gossip and sowing discord, embodying the concept of miscommunication and conflict between different realms of existence. Its constant movement up and down Yggdrasil represents the flow of information and energy through the cosmos.
5. Níðhöggr
A dragon that gnaws at the roots of Yggdrasil, Níðhöggr symbolises decay, destruction, and the forces of entropy that constantly threaten the world’s stability. In some interpretations, Níðhöggr represents death and the underworld, feeding on the corpses of the guilty. Its eternal conflict with the world tree reflects the cyclical nature of creation and destruction in Norse cosmology.
6. Hræsvelgr
A giant who takes the form of an eagle, Hræsvelgr sits at the edge of the world. His name means “corpse swallower,” connecting him to death and the passage of souls. By beating his wings, Hræsvelgr creates the winds that blow across the world, influencing both weather and fate. This demonstrates the Norse belief in the interconnectedness of natural phenomena and mythological beings.
Female warrior spirits who serve Odin, the Valkyries choose who lives and dies in battle. Their role connects warfare, fate, and the afterlife in Norse belief. By bringing chosen warriors to Valhalla, Odin’s hall, they prepare an army for the final battle of Ragnarök. Valkyries also serve mead to the einherjar (chosen warriors) in Valhalla, embodying both martial prowess and hospitality.
8.
Odin’s ravens, whose names mean “thought” and “memory” respectively, represent Odin’s far-reaching wisdom and knowledge. They fly around the world each day, bringing information back to Odin, symbolizing his omniscience and connection to all realms. Their daily flight mirrors Odin’s constant quest for knowledge, even at great personal cost, as reflected in myths where he sacrifices an eye or hangs himself to gain wisdom.
Huginn and Muninn
7. Valkyries
9. Jötnar (Giants)
A race of beings often at odds with the gods, the Jötnar are more complex than simple adversaries. They come in many forms, including frost giants and fire giants, representing primal forces of nature. Some Jötnar, like Skadi or Gerdr, become integrated into the pantheon through marriage, highlighting the fluid boundaries between different categories of beings in Norse mythology. The ongoing conflict and occasional cooperation between Æsir and Jötnar represent the dynamic balance of cosmic forces.
10. Skoll and Hati
The cosmic wolves of Norse mythology, embody the eternal chase across the heavens. Sons of Fenrir, they pursue the sun and moon, threatening to devour these celestial bodies and plunge the world into darkness. Skoll hunts Sol, the sun, while Hati pursues Mani, the moon. Their relentless pursuit symbolizes the constant cycle of day and night, light and darkness. At Ragnarök, it’s prophesied they will finally catch their prey, heralding the end of the world. This menagerie
of beings in Norse mythology offers us a window into the soul of an ancient culture, one that grapples with the same fundamental questions we face today. They remind us that mythology is not merely a collection of fantastic stories, but a profound exploration of the human condition. As we stand at the foot of our own metaphorical Yggdrasil, we might find that the wisdom of the Norse – their respect for nature’s power, their acknowledgement of life’s dualities, and their courage in the face of fate – still resonates, offering guidance as we navigate our cosmic journey.
With a zeal for culinary experiences transcending the ordinary, the art of food presentation never ceases to surprise. From the intricacies of using multi-sensory to unconventional dining experiences, culinary presentations have evolved significantly over centuries. It brings about deep insights into cultural shifts with progressive changes seen in culinary art in fine dining.
Sahana Subramanya
Evolution of Culinary Experience
The conventional fine dining experience has blossomed from a mere plating of delicacies with the emphasis being more on flavours and taste. Now, it is about the meticulous creations of the chefs, presenting their specialities most uniquely.
Looking at the times of the Roman period, the pompous feasts hosted by the higher class of society, made it a grand affair. The feast lasted for hours, with a blanket of food on their table, making it a lavish affair. With a variety of delightful dishes, it was evident the feast was held to accentuate the wealth and status of the elite in the society.
A contrast was seen in French cuisine which resonates with sophisticated and elegant culinary experiences, with pre-set standards. These standards were more evident during the reign of Louis the 14th from the 18th century, with prominence given to the ‘Haute cuisine’ meaning high cuisine. The characters included fine yet intricate cooking abilities with detailed presentation techniques, showcasing the skills of chefs.
Then came the Nouvelle cuisine during the 1970s, which revolutionised French fine dining, highlighting lighter meals yet flavourful dishes using fresh ingredients and whole foods. During the late 20th and early 21st century, a unique blend of dishes from different regions making their way into French cuisine, became a popular trend in those times.
Significance of Fine Dining
The revelation of culinary experience commenced while fine dining gained importance in society, as it is a pivotal part of creating an experience worth reminiscing. Here, the visual aesthetics are given importance to, directing the spotlight on the overall perception of the dishes chosen for an evening dinner or a social gathering. The mantra was to ensure the diners enjoyed their meal to the fullest, taking their culinary expectations to new heights. The game of taste buds was on, adding a benchmark for impressing sensory delight and playing with their emotions that brought a level of satisfaction, filled with surprise.
A Guide to a Few Dining Etiquettes:
In a social gathering or a restaurant, dining etiquettes are followed to rise to the occasion and spice up the experience with a dash of table manners. This helps in blending perfectly with the crowd and ensuring to avoid the awkwardness amongst the gathering. Lets see more on this:
• Be mindful that a fork is not to shovel a mouthful of food into your mouth, but an instrument to lead the food seamlessly through your taste buds.
• When offered a dish from a neighbour, be polite to take only a tiny portion of it.
• Strictly no phones allowed during meals, especially when you have companions. This shows respect and indicates you value their time with you, more than anything.
• A loud mouth around, while talking, or chewing or doing both is a total put-off to people around you. Ensure you avoid this situation as silence is the best way to fit into the crowd of companions, for a special meal with you.
• Thank the host genuinely for having invited you for the meal, and if it is in a house, then graciously offer to clean up after.
• Always be polite to the person serving your table and helping you with food, as it is because of them that you are having a fine experience.
How Culinary Presentation Made its Way for the Rise of Exploring Food
First Impressions:
A first look at a diner’s dish is enough to create a whole new perspective on that dish, even before putting it into the mouth. We usually consider a visually appealing dish with adornments with just one glance, though the dish may fail to satisfy the taste buds. The visual cues are coaxed while presenting. For instance, a Penne Arrabiata is perceived to be spicy with its bright red sauce, while a bechamel sauce gives cues of a cheesy creamy pasta even before digging in.
A Chef’s Glory Through Innovations:
A chef is a culinary artist, looking for chances to feed nothing but the best in fine dining. He never fails to seize an opportunity to impress you with his culinary prowess, to convert conventional food into a piece of art. When I say food, usually the importance here is given to the taste that has remained the same throughout the years; however, the visual appeal is somewhere lost. That is where the skills of the chef come into the picture, to uplift the dish visually, bringing it closer to the feelings of what the taste brings to a diner.
Cultural Aspects Connecting World Cuisine:
A variety of cuisines with unique presentation techniques are reflections of cultural values. A simple yet effective means of connecting people to different backgrounds fostering a sense of appreciation for cultures. For instance, while Colonialism gained prominence, numerous colonised regions were introduced to European cuisine. An interesting aspect of how culture seems very significant is that a dish in one region undergoes variation with minor additions in another. For instance, the fish fry masala in Kerala is comparatively different from that in Kolkata. However, it is unique to the region with bursting flavours to savour.
A Harmonious Blend in Aesthetics of Fine Dining:
While culinary presentation highlights appealing visual representation of dishes, there is more to it than meets the eye. It becomes an intricate artwork of the chef, where he balances different aspects that seem pleasant to the palate involving texture, colour, taste and proportion. By combining these aspects seamlessly, the chef is bound to create an enchanted experience for the diners. Let’s take the famous seared scallops of a dish. A dish of small quantity, the scallops are placed inside the shells, and drizzled with a creamy, buttery sauce. This by itself would not seem to fill in a diner’s delight, but when accompanied by a cheesy polenta and tray of olive-drizzled fresh and crispy kale chips, you call that an experience!
Uplifting the Aesthetics with Garnish
Enhancing flavours:
Throughout the world, many cultures give importance to the final touch with garnish. They are more than just decorative elements, they are what give a soul to the dish. A simple addition of lemon zest for seafood, brings a burst of acid freshness, or fresh herbs like basil to a tomato sauce, enhances the pasta or the Indian elements of a Tadka including mustard seeds, cumin seeds, urad dal, curry leaves and a pinch of asafoetida enhances a simple dal to be a comfort meal to many. Simply put, garnish is what it does to a dish, that icing does to cake!
Going Beyond Plating:
While the plating and presentation concentrate on tickling your taste buds and playing with your emotions, larger details like table setting, lighting and food photography add to the fervour of enjoying the dishes.
The elegance of plain linen tablecloth, with glass and tableware, provides a pleasant ambience. Complimenting this setting, are the lights that uplift the beauty of a dish, with better lighting for a perfect shot for food photographers, who show their mastery in capturing the freshness of the food. This is a common practice when it comes to food bloggers and travellers who want to showcase a dish on social media.
Conclusion
Over the years, the culinary presentation has bloomed with a blend of influences from the global trade, cultural and religious aspects, to the aesthetics of fine dining.
It goes beyond just satiating your hunger, as all the above aspects are put together in a beautiful symphony of colour, taste, visual treat, and the aroma of your favourite dish lingering through the perfect ambience of a fine dining restaurant to become an eventful experience worth remembering, adding a treat to your senses.
Rekha Padiki
A strong desire to wander or travel is called wanderlust. We constantly are in search of something new, something extraordinary. And mother nature seldom ceases to surprise us with her alluring beauty. Some travellers love wilderness and forests; some love the sea and beaches; some enjoy scenic landscapes and mountains, and then there are some who just want adventure, to explore new places, take a walk, hike or climb new heights.
Well, if you are one of them who fancies an adventure or just enjoys scenic beauty and is waiting to have an out of the world experience, Vermilion
cliffs Arizona might just be the place for you. Located in Northern Coconino County, Arizona, immediately south of the Utah Stateline, this very little known hidden gem, a geological marvel, the Vermilion cliff national monument is a true treasure and offers a breathtaking experience.
The view of the landscapes here is like never before and nowhere ever. Spanning about 293,689 acres in area and elevations ranging between 3,100 – 6000 feet above the sea level, these cliffs are famous for their colourful swirls which tend to emit different hues of red, orange, and yellow… dreamy! Who knew rocks could be so
enchanting! The Vermilion Cliffs are steep eroded escarpments primarily made of sandstone, siltstone, limestone and shale. They are made of deposited silt and desert dunes, cemented by carbonates and contain the largest and the most abundant iron concentrations than anywhere in the world and hence the colour red/ vermilion.
This visual spectacle was designated as a National Monument by President Bill Clinton, on the 9th of November, 2000 to preserve and manage this magnanimous creation. The Bureau of Land Management U.S. manages and governs this treasured land. These
cliffs have so many hidden trails that are bound to challenge even the best of hikers, but, trust me every single step you take is oh-so-worth it! Each turn, each trail you explore is bound to give you a jaw dropping site! While there are many different paths and trails one could explore, here are a few never-to-miss hikes.
THE WAVE: Let’s begin with the grandeur, shall we? The Wave is considered the crown jewel of the Vermilion Cliffs. These swirly rock formations with the colours of orange, white and red makes you feel like they are moving slowly due to the wavy pattern, but yet, frozen!
Oh my world! Located in the northern area of the Coyote Buttes in the Paria Canyon, The Wave is known for its vibrant colour and unique rock patterns and hiking here is nothing short of an enchanting experience. Created over millions and millions of years, buried in the sand storm and then revealed again and again it looks like nature’s beautiful canvas. A masterpiece indeed!
Getting to The Wave is not easy, it’s a long strenuous hike in these unforgiving rocks. Its undulating rock formations make hiking harder. It is extremely challenging as there is no marked trail to hike here and one
must completely rely on the maps, compass or the GPS for navigation. It is best advised to take a guided tour instead. The Wave makes for some extraordinary views and photographs, each still different from the other, each wave pattern emitting different hues depending on the time of the day and the position of the Sun, this location is a photographers’ paradise.
If you start the hike from Wire Pass Trailhead, you can reach there by taking the highway 89 to House Rock Road, Utah and make a turnoff between the mileposts 25 and 26. The Wave is anywhere between 2.5 to 3 miles from the Trailhead.
THE WHITE POCKET: A remote, lesser known landscape showcasing beautiful swirls of sandstone, alluring rock patterns which almost look like a human brain, The White Pocket enthrals adventure seekers, photographers, nature lovers alike offering a surreal, unbelievable experience traversing through the curious curls and swirls which make for an out-worldly experience.
The intricate patterns and textures create a visually striking exquisite landscape making it a hard-tomiss destination for photographers and nature lovers. The fragile rock formations are stunning and the
colourful rocks seem to transport you into another dimension all together.
BUCKSKIN GULCH: This is one of the longest and the deepest slot canyons with just rock walls formed in sandstone and limestone across the Southwestern United States. It runs over 16 miles and is one of the main tributaries of the Paria River, a tributary to the Colorado River.
With its unparalleled view and experience of hiking at Buckskin Gulch it is quite popular among the hikers. As you walk into the Gulch you will stand witness to some of the most spectacular sites of sandstone
wall formations…The deep reds and browns with its iconic twirls are mesmerizingly extraordinary! You might also find some impressive petroglyphs here on the sandstone walls, keep an eye out for them!
The trail is a combination of sand and rocks. It is pretty straight forward in itself with tall walls around you and sunlight playing peek-a-boo… This might leave you feeling cold sometimes. The quietness of the place is what makes it so phenomenal, all you can hear is yourself, the bliss of hearing your own breath! Though the hike is fairly a straight walk, walking over the sand may tire some of you.
Overall an unbelievable experience that is going to remain with you for a long long time.
LAKE POWELL: Located in Northern Arizona stretching up into Southern Utah, this is one of the popular recreational destinations where both hiking and fishing are allowed and the lake presents a visually stunning view especially from the houseboat. What makes it more popular is its remoteness; it feels like a personal strip of a lake just for you! There are guided boat tours available which give in a little bit of history and geology of the lake. Lake Powell is a man-made reservoir on the Colorado River by
flooding the Glen Canyon and is a major tourist destination. It fancies the fame of being the most scenic lake in all of America. Boating, fishing, water-skiing, jet-skiing and hiking are some activities that one can enjoy here. Kayaking and peddle-boarding is a great way to explore these narrow canyons along the lake, it is an unbelievable experience. The calm of the water, the silence of the canyons and the blue sky above you… heavenly!
While there are many many more trails to be hiked and many lesser known parts to be explored, Vermilion Cliffs are not just about that. There are some amazing species of flora and fauna
which are to be noted. Vermilion Cliffs are home to the reintroduced species of endangered California Condors along with 20 other different species of raptors that are found here. We can also find desert bighorn sheep, desert tortoises, Pronghorn mountain lions and a variety of reptiles and amphibians. While the vegetation here is relatively sparse, the bank of the Paria river supports the growth of the riparian species in abundance including dense stands of coyote willow, cottonwood trees. Along the base of the cliffs there are many small tiny springs which serve as the hotspots for biodiversity and provide shade and drinking water to almost all the birds, and animals.
The Vermilion Cliffs National Monument is a hidden treasure waiting to be explored… a medley of cliffs, canyons and striped wavy patterned colourful rocks; this hiking destination is a not to miss! This isolated marvel of nature offers a visual treat anywhere you look and makes you wonder “how did this happen?”; “why does it look the way it looks?” This hike creates an experience that does not fade away from your memory for a lifetime! The undulating formation of rocks and their colour is spectacular, exquisite and pristine to itself.
PLAN WELL AHEAD: Well, unlike many vacations that you might take, visiting The Vermilion Cliffs National Monument requires a lot of planning beforehand. Hiking here happens only by Permits and these permits are issued by the Bureau of Land Management, and a total of 64 permits are allocated per day. So, plan well ahead and get your permits which happen through online lottery only. Owing to the landscape there are absolutely NO amenities here. So pack your food supply, medicines, first aid kits and gallons of water. Also, the regular vehicles are impossible to manoeuvre here in these landscapes, a 4WD is a must if you plan to
drive and explore all by yourself or you could hire well experienced tour guides (many tour agencies operate in the area.) It’s absolutely imperative that you check the weather conditions before you plan the hike because weather plays a key role in your travel experience here. Also, dress accordingly, carry your hiking boots, walking boots, wide-brim hats, sunglasses and bottles of sunscreen.
WHEN TO VISIT: The best time to visit the Vermilion Cliffs are the months of April, May and then again September and October. It is best to avoid the summers at all costs because the temperature soars as high as 120 degrees Fahrenheit and in winters it may snow around here.
As custodians of this geological marvel, it is our utmost responsibility and obligation to save and preserve this for our future generations to visit and be as amazed as we were. This can happen only with Responsible Tourism, “Go as you come” should be the motto. Carry all your waste and trash bags with you and help create the same awe-struck experience to the next visitor. Be responsible for everything you use and discard and help preserve this treasure for generations to come.
NUTRITIONAL POWERHOUSE: NUTS & SEEDS
A handful of nuts a day, keeps all ailments away. Although the saying is a modern version of the old one, nuts have been included in the human diet for many centuries. A fistful of nuts packs a powerhouse of nutrients such as vitamin B6, folate, niacin, many minerals, healthy fats, and antioxidants. This powerhouse when consumed regularly in moderate amounts, fuels the powerhouse of our body - the brain and the heart.
Santoshini Appiah
Can Health be bought?
Yes, you got it right, money cannot buy good health in a moment but it can contribute by providing the muchneeded nutrients for your brain and body. What is merely overlooked as a snack can pack over ten times in weight with treasures that your body needs. Let us take a look at those tiny fortunes hidden inside nuts and seeds.
Vitamins:
Vitamin E found in nuts like almonds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, and peanuts are antioxidants that help us fight diseases like cancer, auto-immune diseases and premature aging. This is possible because the work of antioxidants is to neutralize the free radicals causing inflammation, cell damage, and cell degeneration. Vitamin B found in nuts like almonds, pistachios, and walnuts, plays a key role in energy metabolism and brain health. Vitamin B6, Folate, niacin and biotin are some very important Vitamins needed for the heart health.
Minerals:
Zinc found abundantly in pumpkin and sesame seeds supports wound healing, DNA synthesis, and immune functionality. Magnesium found in pumpkin seeds, almonds, and cashew nuts contributes to maintaining good bone health, energy production, and regulating blood pressure. Iron and Calcium found in some nuts and seeds prevent anaemia and bone degeneration respectively. Other minerals like copper, phosphorous, potassium and selenium are found in small quantities in nuts too.
Fibre:
Dietary fibre is crucial for a healthy gut health as fibre aids in bowel movement while supporting a healthy gut microbiome. Chia seeds and flaxseeds are high in soluble fibre, which is a gel-like substance lining the gut and helping with slow digestion and regulating sugar levels.
Healthy Fat:
Omega-3, an essential unsaturated fatty acid found in flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts is vital for brain function, heart health and reducing inflammation.
Vegan Protein:
Almonds, pistachios, sunflower seeds and hemp seeds are rich in plant-based protein making them an ideal vegan protein choice. Protein are the building blocks of our body as they help to build and repair cells, bone, cartilage etc. Protein intake helps reduce cravings and thereby aiding in weight loss.
Nut butter is So much better:
The iconic peanut butter and jelly sandwich is a favourite to many kids, nay adults too. Simple kinds of nut butter like almond butter, peanut butter, cashew butter and walnut butter can make a fun way to add protein, healthy fats, and essential vitamins to your diet. They are versatile as you can spread them on your toast, add them to your smoothies, or even use them as savoury sauces and dips to your meal. Nut butters contain heart-healthy monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, which help reduce bad cholesterol and support
cardiovascular health. Now that you know the benefits of nut butter, indulging in a PB and J sandwich will be a healthy pleasure rather than a guilty pleasure.
Crunch your way to health:
Every crunch you take brings you one step closer to being fit and strong. While core-strengthening, abbuilding crunches are great, the satisfying crunch of a handful of nuts is an easier (and tastier) alternative to fuel your health. Let us look into some health benefits of nuts and seeds.
Brain Health:
Omega-3 fatty acids in nuts help protect against cognitive decline and are essential for brain development and function.
Weight management:
Contrary to popular belief, nuts do not lead to weight gain even though they are calorie-dense. Nuts and seeds when taken in moderation can keep you more satiated due to the fibre and healthy fats in them. The fibre content in them helps with better gut health and digestion.
Heart Health:
Regular and moderate consumption of nuts and seeds can help lower bad cholesterol levels and thereby reducing the risk of heart diseases. They aid with good blood flow decreasing the risk of heart blocks.
Prevents Chronic Diseases:
Consuming nuts and seeds in regulation has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and other chronic diseases.
Not just a snack:
Even with so many benefits, uneventful snacking of the same handful of nuts can overwhelm the routine. The nuts and seeds are so versatile that they can add another dimension of flavour and texture to your meal. Here are some fun ways you can incorporate this goodness into your daily diet.
Smoothies:
Blending some soaked nuts like almonds, pistachios, chia seeds and walnuts into a smoothie along with some fruit will enhance both the flavour and nutrient content in it.
Salad toppings:
Take your boring salads to another level by sprinkling some toasted sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds or almonds.
Nut butter spread:
A bowl of oatmeal or avocado toast can be made mouth-watering by spreading some almond, cashew or peanut butter on the toast of bread.
Baking:
Before you push your tray for baking into the oven, add a topping of slivered almonds or pumpkin seeds. The energy bars, muffins, and breads will have added nutrition in them now.
The tiny nuts and seeds pack enormous health benefits in them. when consumed in moderation, soaked or toasted nuts and seeds will add health, flavour and texture to your meal. With so many longterm benefits, these tiny powerhouses deserve a regular spot in your diet.
Art tells a story, not just of the artist, but of the era that inspired its creation. Every brushstroke, every sculpted curve reflects the philosophies, ideals, and challenges of its time. Renaissance art and Neoclassical art are two monumental chapters in this story, each one shaped by a deep reverence for the classical world of Greece and Rome but expressed in profoundly different ways. While Renaissance art revels in the rediscovery of human potential and beauty, Neoclassical art embraces order, restraint, and moral clarity. Both movements made lasting contributions to the art world, but the way they approached classical ideals was distinct, and understanding those differences opens a window into the soul of each era. In this article, we’ll walk through the defining features of Renaissance and Neoclassical art, explore specific examples, and see what each tells us about the time and the people who created them.
Chiranjivi Penumala
THE CREATION OF ADAM Michelangelo
Renaissance Art: A Revival of the Human Spirit (14th - 17th Century)
The Renaissance was a time of rebirth, of emerging from the shadows of the Middle Ages and rediscovering the light of human achievement. There was a shift in thinking, humans were no longer seen merely as subjects to a divine power, but as beings with their own capacity for greatness. Artists, scientists, and thinkers began looking back to the classical world, not just as something to admire, but as a foundation to build upon.
This revival of interest in ancient Greece and Rome was powered by humanism, the belief that humans are capable of extraordinary things and that their experiences and emotions deserve to be explored in art. In the Renaissance, art became more than just religious depictions. It became a celebration of life, the human form, and the world around us.
Key Characteristics of Renaissance Art
Humanism and Emotion: Renaissance artists sought to depict the human experience in all its richness. The beauty, the complexity, the emotional depth. Their subjects weren’t just divine or mythical; they were relatable, human, and real.
Perspective and Space: One of the great innovations of this era was the development of linear perspective, which gave paintings a realistic sense of depth and made viewers feel as though they could step into the artwork itself.
Realism and Naturalism: There was a deep respect for detail in Renaissance art. Artists took time to capture the intricate folds of fabric, the texture of skin, or the play of light on water, giving their work a vivid sense of life. Example: Michelangelo’s “David” (1501-1504)
When you stand in front of Michelangelo’s “David”, it’s impossible not to be in awe. This towering marble statue, 17 feet tall, depicts the biblical hero at the moment before he faces Goliath. But what makes this sculpture remarkable isn’t just its size; It’s Michelangelo’s almost obsessive attention to detail. The muscles in David’s arms, the veins running down his hands, the poised tension in his stance, they all speak to a profound understanding of human anatomy.
What it depicts: “David” isn’t just a biblical figure; he’s a symbol of human strength, courage, and potential. Michelangelo’s David stands as a testament to the Renaissance belief in the power and beauty of the human body. He’s not portrayed in the act of battle but in a moment of contemplation, showing that true greatness comes not just from physical power, but from inner strength.
Example: Leonardo da Vinci’s “The Last Supper” (1495-1498)
Few paintings capture a moment in time as vividly as Leonardo da Vinci’s “The Last Supper”. Here, we see Jesus telling his disciples that one of them will betray him. Each disciple reacts with shock, disbelief, or concern, but all eyes are drawn to Jesus at the center. Da Vinci masterfully uses perspective to make the viewer feel like they are part of the scene, as though they’re sitting at the table with these historical figures.
What it depicts: This painting is more than just a religious scene; it’s a study of human emotion. Da Vinci gives each disciple a unique personality, showing the variety of reactions to the same moment. The use of perspective and composition reflects the Renaissance ideal of blending realism with drama.
THE LAST SUPPER
Leonardo da Vinci
Neoclassical Art: Order and Reason
(mid-18th - early 19th Century)
Fast forward a few centuries, and the world had changed. The Enlightenment was in full swing, with its emphasis on reason, order, and logic. Gone were the dramatic flourishes of the Baroque and Rococo periods, replaced by a new desire for clarity, simplicity, and restraint. Neoclassical art was born out of this intellectual movement, and it reflected the changing political landscape, with revolutions in America and France inspiring a renewed focus on civic duty and patriotism. Where Renaissance art celebrated human emotion, Neoclassical art called for calm, rationality, and moral virtue. Artists of this era looked back to the classical world with a different focus. Instead of celebrating beauty and humanity’s potential, they emphasized the importance of discipline, duty, and the greater good..
OATH OF THE HORATII
Jacques-Louis David
Key Characteristics of Neoclassical Art
Simplicity and Clean Lines: Neoclassical art was a return to order. The compositions were often symmetrical and restrained, with a focus on clean, sharp lines and balanced forms.
Moral and Political Themes: Many Neoclassical works were steeped in themes of sacrifice, duty, and civic responsibility, echoing the ideals of the Enlightenment and the revolutionary spirit of the time.
Calm, Idealized Figures: While both Renaissance and Neoclassical art idealized the human form, Neoclassical figures were often depicted in calm, stoic poses, reflecting a sense of control and dignity rather than emotion.
Classical Subjects: Neoclassical artists returned to the stories of ancient Rome and Greece, not just for their beauty, but for the moral lessons they offered about duty, sacrifice, and leadership.
PAULINE BONAPARTE AS VENUS VICTRIX
Antonio Canova
Example: Jacques-Louis David’s “Oath of the Horatii” (1784)
Jacques-Louis David’s “Oath of the Horatii” is one of the defining works of Neoclassicism. It shows three brothers from the Horatii family swearing an oath to defend Rome, even at the cost of their lives. The scene is stark, with sharp lines and a focus on the geometry of the composition. The brothers are the embodiment of duty and sacrifice, while their weeping sisters stand off to the side, powerless in the face of such dedication.
What it depicts: “Oath of the Horatii” is a powerful statement about civic duty and personal sacrifice. It’s not about the emotional turmoil of the moment, but about the cold, rational decision to put the needs of the state above personal desires. This reflects the Neoclassical ideals of reason, order, and the greater good.
Example: Antonio Canova’s “Pauline Bonaparte as Venus Victrix” (1805-1808)
Antonio Canova’s sculpture “Pauline Bonaparte as Venus Victrix” blends classical myth with contemporary politics. Here, Napoleon’s sister, Pauline, is depicted as Venus, the Roman goddess of love and beauty, reclining in a pose of serene confidence.
Canova’s craftsmanship is evident in the smooth marble, and while the figure is sensual, there’s also a sense of calm restraint, no exaggerated emotion, just quiet dignity.
What it depicts: This sculpture is a perfect example of Neoclassical ideals. While it portrays beauty and sensuality, it does so with control and balance, reflecting the period’s focus on harmony and rationality.
Key Differences Between Renaissance and Neoclassical Art
Emotion vs. Reason
There’s an emotional depth in Renaissance art that speaks to the human experience. Artists like Michelangelo and da Vinci explored the full range of human emotions, using their works to highlight the complexity of life and the beauty of the human form. Neoclassical art, on the other hand, is more reserved. It values reason, order, and control over emotion. The figures are often calm, idealized, and stoic, representing civic duty and moral virtue rather than personal emotion.
Realism vs. Idealism
Renaissance Art: Renaissance artists sought to depict the world as realistically as possible, using perspective, shading, and anatomy to create lifelike scenes.
Neoclassical Art: Neoclassical artists, while also highly skilled, were less concerned with realism and more focused on idealizing their subjects. The goal was to convey moral lessons through art, and so figures were often depicted in their most perfect, most rational forms.
Epilogue of thoughts:
Renaissance and Neoclassical art, while both drawing from classical traditions, reflect two very different perspectives. Renaissance art is all about celebrating human potential, emotion, and beauty, while Neoclassical art values order, reason, and civic duty. Both have shaped the course of art history and still inspire new generations today. Whether you’re moved by the emotional depth of the Renaissance or the structured calm of Neoclassicism, each offers a unique window into the limitless creativity of the human spirit.
Antoine-Jean Gros
BONAPARTE VISITING THE PLAGUE VICTIMS OF JAFFA
A FUN DIVE INTO THE WORLD’S BIGGEST BEER BASH
What if you saw tens of thousands of people gathered in sprawling beer tents, clinking massive steins filled to the brim with frothy beer, all while a brass band belts out festive tunes in the background. Outside, crowds are munching on oversized pretzels, sausages, and roast chicken, while carnival rides whirl in the distance. Welcome to Oktoberfest, the world’s largest and most legendary beer festival!
Aishwarya Abhishek Singh
What Is Oktoberfest?
Oktoberfest isn’t just a beer festival; it’s a full-blown cultural event that celebrates all things Bavarian - beer, food, music, and tradition. Held annually in Munich, Germany, this festival starts in midSeptember and runs through the first weekend of October.
Each year, over 6 million visitors from all corners of the globe flock to this Bavarian mecca to experience a party like no other. At the heart of the celebration are the enormous beer tents, set up on a sprawling 100-acre area known as the Theresienwiese, affectionately called the “Wiesn.” Inside these tents, visitors toast with steins of
Munich’s finest brews, dance on benches to the beats of traditional Oompah bands, and sing their hearts out to songs they might not even understand (but who cares when you’re having fun?). The festival isn’t just for beer lovers either - there’s something for everyone. Carnival rides, parades, and tons of traditional Bavarian dishes make it a family-friendly event with plenty to do.
How Oktoberfest Came to Be: A Royal Wedding Gone Wild
Let’s rewind to 1810, when a royal wedding set the stage for what would become this global phenomenon. Crown Prince Ludwig (who later became King Ludwig I
of Bavaria) was marrying Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, and the couple wanted their nuptials to be a celebration for the people. On October 12, 1810, they invited the citizens of Munich to join in the festivities, which featured a public horse race held just outside the city gates.
The event was such a hit that the people decided to do it all over again the following year—and the year after that. By 1818, the focus began to shift away from horse races to include booths selling beer and food. Fast forward to the late 19th century, and Oktoberfest had evolved into a massive beer festival that continues to thrive more than 200 years later.
Why Is It Celebrated?
Originally, Oktoberfest was all about celebrating Bavarian culture and royal marriages, but today, it’s all about beer, fun, and bringing people together. Bavarians are incredibly proud of their brewing heritage, and Oktoberfest is the perfect platform to showcase the quality and tradition of Munich’s beer.
The beer served at the festival is brewed according to strict purity laws, known as the Reinheitsgebot, which dates back to 1516. According to these regulations, beer can only be made using water, barley, hops, and yeast—no funny business allowed! Even today, only six Munich breweries— Augustiner, Paulaner, Hofbräu, Hacker-Pschorr, Löwenbräu, and Spaten—are allowed to supply beer to the festival, making it an exclusive showcase of Munich’s finest.
The Big Bash: Beer, Food, and Fun
Let’s talk beer. At Oktoberfest, beer is not served in regular pint glasses, but in giant Maßkrüge—those iconic one-litre mugs that are practically a workout to lift! In total, over 7 million litres of beer is consumed at Oktoberfest each year. To kick off the festivities, the mayor of Munich performs the traditional O’zapft! (It’s tapped!) by ceremoniously tapping the first keg, signalling the official start of the beer festival.
But it’s not just about drinking. The food is a major highlight too. Traditional Bavarian fare includes giant pretzels (bigger than your head!), Bratwurst, Weißwurst (white sausages), Hendl (roast chicken), and Schweinshaxe (pork knuckles). It’s hearty, delicious, and perfectly paired with a cold beer. For those with a sweet tooth, there are Lebkuchenherzendecorative gingerbread hearts - often given as gifts.
Beyond beer and food, Oktoberfest offers a variety of activities. There’s a lively carnival with amusement rides, games, and attractions for both kids and adults. There are also cultural events, including the Costume and Riflemen’s Parade, which showcases traditional Bavarian outfits and marks the rich history of the region.
A Global Phenomenon
Although Oktoberfest originated in Munich, its popularity has spread across the globe. Today, you can find “ Mini-Oktoberfests” in cities from New York to Sydney, and even in Tokyo and São Paulo. However, none can quite match the scale and authenticity of the original event in Munich. Still, these international versions bring a slice
of Bavarian life to millions of people who may not have the chance to travel to Germany. Whether it’s German beer, food, or music, Oktoberfest has become a global ambassador of Bavarian culture.
Fun Facts About Oktoberfest
16 to 18 Days of Fun: While it’s called Oktoberfest, most of the event actually takes place in September to take advantage of the warmer weather.
6 Million Visitors: Every year, over 6 million people descend upon Munich, including tourists from the U.S., Australia, Japan, and all over Europe.
Traditional Dress: Many attendees wear traditional lederhosen (for men)
and dirndls (for women), adding to the festival’s authentic feel.
7 Million Litres of Beer: That’s how much beer is consumed during Oktoberfest. If that sounds like a lot, consider that the beer is stronger than typical varieties, with an alcohol content of about 6-7%.
At its core, Oktoberfest is a celebration of Bavarian culture, history, and community. It’s a time for people to come together, make memories, and share in the joy of good beer, food, and festive traditions. Whether you’re there for the beer, the food, or the fun atmosphere, Oktoberfest promises an unforgettable experience filled with cheer and camaraderie. Prost!
Vanakkam! Welcome to a journey through the flavours of South India. Today, we’re diving into the story behind a dish that was born out of necessity and has since become a beloved staple in Tamil Nadu, gracing even the fanciest restaurants. Yes, we’re talking about the iconic Vadacurry! This beloved dish has a rich history rooted in the streets of Madras (now Chennai), a vibrant city in South India. But before we jump into the recipe, let’s explore the heartwarming story behind Vadacurry—because cooking is about more than just ingredients; it’s all about bringing stories and flavors together, right?
Anmol Mishra
The Story of Vadacurry: From Street Food to a Local Legend
“Sabalangadi giri giri, Saidapettai Vadacurry!” You might have heard these playful lines in many Tamil movies, reflecting the deep love the people of Chennai have for this dish.
Let’s rewind to a time when Chennai was a quiet fishing village, with simple people and even simpler food. As people moved to the city searching for work, they brought along their culinary traditions. Street vendors began selling popular dishes like idli, vada, and dosas, shaping Chennai’s street food culture, which you still find all over the city today.
Vadacurry is believed to have originated in the Saidapet area of Chennai. Street vendors often found themselves with unsold vadas at the end of the day, which couldn’t be stored overnight due to a lack of refrigeration and the risk of spoilage. But rather than waste the food, these resourceful vendors came up with a brilliant idea—repurpose the vadas into a delicious curry!
The leftover vadas were brushed with oil, steamed to ensure they were safe to eat and free from any potential bacteria, and then stir-fried with onions, chillies, tomatoes, and spices. This flavourful concoction was then simmered into a thick, rich gravy that paired beautifully with idli, idiyappam, dosa, parotta, puri, or even roti. Thus, Vadacurry was born—a true reflection of the creativity and resilience of those early street vendors!
Why Vadacurry Became Chennai’s Favorite Comfort Food
Vadacurry quickly became a go-to meal for many reasons: Quick and Satisfying: Perfect for those who need a hearty meal on the go.
Burst of Flavors: The spicy, savoury curry perfectly complemented the crispy vadas, creating a delicious contrast of textures and tastes.
Perfect Anytime: Vadacurry could be served as a snack, breakfast, or part of a larger meal, making it a versatile and satisfying choice.
Vadacurry is an evolution from humble street food to a cherished dish in restaurants reflecting its unique flavour and versatility! Now, let’s explore how you can bring this legendary dish into your kitchen, continuing the tradition of creativity and resourcefulness.
Let’s Get Cooking: The Vadacurry Recipe
What You’ll Need
For the Vadas:
1 cup urad dal (split black gram)
1 small onion, finely chopped
2 green chilies, finely chopped
1 teaspoon cumin seeds
1 tablespoon chopped coriander leaves
Salt to taste
Oil for deep frying
For the Curry:
1 tablespoon oil
1 large onion, finely chopped
2 tomatoes, finely chopped
2 green chilies, slit
1 tablespoon ginger-garlic paste
1 teaspoon mustard seeds
1 teaspoon turmeric powder
1 teaspoon red chilli powder
1 teaspoon garam masala
1 teaspoon coriander powder
1 cup coconut milk
Salt to taste
Fresh coriander leaves for garnish
Step-by-Step: Making Your Own Vadacurry
Step 1: Prepare the Vadas
1. Soak the urad dal in water for 2-3 hours. Drain and grind into a thick batter with minimal water.
2. Mix the chopped onions, green chilies, cumin seeds, coriander leaves, and salt into the batter.
3. Heat oil in a deep frying pan over medium heat. Shape the batter into small discs and fry until golden brown and crispy. Drain on paper towels.
Step 2: Whip Up the Curry
1. Heat oil in a pan and add mustard seeds. Once they start to pop, add the chopped onions and sauté until golden brown.
2. Stir in the ginger-garlic paste and cook for a minute. Then, add the tomatoes and cook until they soften.
3. Add the turmeric powder, red chilli powder, garam masala, and coriander powder. Let the spices blend together for a few minutes.
4. Pour in the coconut milk and bring it to simmer. Let it cook until the curry thickens slightly.
5. Add the fried vadas to the curry and let them soak up the flavours for a few minutes.
Step 3: Serve and Enjoy
Garnish with fresh coriander leaves and serve hot with idlis and dosas, your favourite Indian bread, or even rice.
Conclusion:
Bringing a Bit of Chennai to Your Table And there you have it—a dish that holds the spirit of South Indian cuisine. Vadacurry is not just a meal; it’s a piece of history on your plate, a celebration of resourcefulness, and a reminder that even the simplest ingredients can be transformed into something extraordinary.
So gather your ingredients, follow these steps, and let Vadacurry transport you to the heart of South Indian cuisine. Next time you’re craving a comforting, flavourful dish, remember this mouthwatering dish of a spicy makeover. Cook it, share it with those you love, and enjoy every bite of this deliciously savoury curry!
Saappittu magizhungal!
MADRAS CITY
Purushoth Appu
I am sure you must have heard the phrase “Timing is everything!” It indeed is. Time waits for none. Time teaches virtue. Things get better with time; that’s the kind of power time holds over us. Time is precious. But in today’s world we keep chasing what cannot be caught hold of. We cannot confine the passing time but we sure can take the same time to learn a little more about the clocks that display time. Here, in this article, we talk about the historical clocks of Chennai and its dire need to be preserved and keep them operating.
The colonial rulers gave the province of Tamil Nadu, the name, Madras Presidency, later changing it to Tamilnadu, and renamed the capital Madras, previously known as Chennaipatnam, as Chennai. Today, the capital city of Chennai is home to around 1.5 million people. An endless number of automobiles, electric trains, aeroplanes, and subterranean metro trains crisscross its highways, facilitating daily commuters without a pause. Along with the regular commuters, individuals from outside the city would also arrive, causing a significant influx into the city. People are unaware of the city’s numerous distinctive sites and lack the time to learn about them. How would people wearing Google watches and mobile phones recognize the distinctive clock tower in the city center to keep time?
Bells have been around since ancient times. The ‘Tower of the Wind’ in Athens, with eight sundials, is said to be the earliest clock tower. In 1288, Westminster erected a bell tower, which served as the predecessor of the clock, London’s Elizabeth Tower, also known as Big Ben in England. Built in 1908, the 100-metertall Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower at the University of Birmingham is the highest bell tower in the world. Towns in India saw the construction of bell towers under British rule. There are bell towers all over the world, including the Rajabhai bell tower in Mumbai and the Lake Town bell tower, also known as the Big Ben in Kolkata, which have become iconic landmarks. Chennai, commonly known as the Madras province, is a city that rings bells. All of the bell towers in this city have history and memories.
Clocks played a vital role in the everyday lives of ordinary people until the middle of the twentieth century, when wristwatches were uncommon. For example, colonial officials at Fort St. George kept time by sounding cannon rounds every day at 4 p.m., even after the construction of bell towers in Madras. Japan’s threat of bombing during World War II led to the discontinuation of the practice in 1943. Even in the late twentieth century, Indians considered watches to be the most valuable gift.A person wearing a wrist watch was considered wealthy or welleducated. Today, a cell phone encompasses everything, and bell towers have become outdated and preserved as historical remnants. According to reports, Chennai once had up to 14 clock towers. More than half of them were destroyed. Only the bell towers at Royapettah, Doveton, Pattalam, Mint Street, Thandaiyarpet, Kathivakkam, and Royapettah Border Estate survive as reminders of the past. Even in this tower, just a few clocks indicate the time. Doveton clock Tower is Chennai’s oldest clock tower. It was constructed in the 1900s.
Following this, they completed the Royapettah Clock Tower in 1930. This clock tower still functions well today. Mint Street’s clock tower opened in 1948. The tower stands 60 feet tall, with each face crafted from aluminum. After years of idleness, the corporation decided to reactivate the clock in the tower during the construction of the Mint Street overpass at the intersection in 2013. In January 2014, the Chennai Corporation refurbished the clock in partnership with P.ORR & Sons, the city’s oldest watchmaking firm. Gani & Sons, a 103-year-old firm based on Ratan Bazar Road in George Town, made the clocks for this antique bell tower.
Haji Mirza Gani Namasi, an Iranian native, founded the South India Watch Company in 1909, and it also built clocks for additional independent bell towers in Pattalam and Thiruvottiyur. The Tiruvottiyur clock tower, which formerly displayed the time to thousands of people, was dismantled a few years ago because it had lost its time. Other buildings and trees at the Puducherry bus stop, near the bend of the East Coast Road from Thiruvanmiyur, have deteriorated and obscured the Thiruvanmiyur clock tower. This clock serves as a straightforward example of the dismantling of history.
Former chief minister Bhaktavatsalam inaugurated the Kathivakkam clock tower in 1967; it currently houses a non-functioning wall clock, and the dense trees surrounding it are a result of poor maintenance. Both the Thiruvanmiyur and Kathivakkam clock towers are in dire need of renovation now. Poor renovations and incorrect paint application caused the Thandaiyarpet clock tower to lose its historical charm.
In addition to individual clock towers, several ancient structures in Chennai also feature clock-mounted bell towers. Some of the oldest and most famous places in the city include the Chennai University clock Tower, which was built in 1913, the Central Railway Station clock Tower, the Anna University clock Tower, A clock tower at the Kamarajar Road - Radhakrishnan Road junction, Rippon House, Spencer Building, Presidency College and P.ORR & Sons clock Tower.
Clock towers carry both architectural and social history. It is now necessary to protect them. Clocks that have enticed millions of people and carried their lives will lose their usefulness and fall into disrepair, which would be deemed a historical folly of time.
