HandsOn Central Ohio 2018 report

HandsOn Central Ohio 2-1-1 Counts

2018

Thoughtwell Project Staff Lynnette Cook, Executive Director Megan Johanson, Director of Research and Data Services Becky Zwickl, Assistant Director, Quality Assurance Marc Rostan, Senior Research Associate Jacob Cunliffe, Senior Research Associate Genna Auteri, Research Associate Bruce Jones, Research Associate Nicholas Julian, Graduate Intern Thoughtwell Partner Organizations City of Columbus United Way of Central Ohio Franklin County Commissioners The Ohio State University

HandsOn Central Ohio Ernest Perry, President & CEO Joey Schulte, Senior Manager, Innovation

HandsOn Central Ohio 2-1-1 Counts 2018 JANUARY 2018

Table of Contents Introduction

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Indicators

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Conclusion

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Appendix

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H A N D S O N C EN T R A L O H I O

Introduction Welcome to the HandsOn Central Ohio 2-1-1 Counts report. This publication takes the opportunity to compare vital data sources, lending insight and granularity to local conditions in Columbus.

HandsOn Central Ohio, our local 2-1-1 operator, refers hundreds of thousands of households to vital social services each year through its call center, 211centralohio.org website, and mobile app. Zip code level data on what issues residents seek help for, and where those calls are coming from, presents a new view of the community; one that could be complemented by commonly used secondary data, such as surveys from the United States Census Bureau.

Together, these data bring to light a fuller picture of conditions and need.

It is important to note that HandsOn provides information on thousands of service categories to people across Central Ohio, and what follows here is just a sampling of total need. HandsOn staff began by identifying which types of needs routinely generate high numbers of referrals, alongside other categories vital to local quality of life. Thoughtwell and HandsOn hope that readers will allow this report to be a conversation starter around what needs exist in Columbus, and how we are beginning to address them.

This report would not be possible without the support of numerous partners.

The Columbus Foundation, the United Way of Central Ohio, and the City of Columbus generously co-sponsored this report, in support of a greater and more accessible understanding of local conditions and needs. HandsOn furnished invaluable local data because of their ongoing commitment to strengthen our community through informed decision-making. Together, these partners support a greater understanding of strengths and weaknesses throughout our community.

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The Geography

This report selected 21 Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) as measured by the United States Census Bureau, grouped into 13 units of measurement. The ZCTAs selected are a combination of areas where HandsOn receives sizable call volumes, and areas within Columbus and Franklin County with lower call volumes as a source of comparison. Some zip codes are grouped together based on geographic proximity or similar needs, while other zip codes were deemed appropriate to be analyzed by themselves. A map of the zip codes covered in this report is included on page 7.

About the Data

For most indicators, secondary data were collected and analyzed from the American Community Survey 2011-2015 5-year estimates, as disseminated by the Census Bureau. These estimates represent current data available for smaller, localized geographies, such as ZCTAs. Please be advised that estimates presented here are not official counts of the population, and margins of error (MOE) approximate the range of the true population. For example, if the population estimate is 500 and the MOE is 300, the actual population ranges from 200 (500-300) to 800 (500+300). MOEs are publicly available; refer to data sources in the Appendix to learn more.

Also included within each indicator are referral data for 2016 provided by HandsOn Central Ohio, except indicator 3, which also includes data from the United Way of Central Ohio. These data, collected via their call center and 211centralohio.org website, represent organizational counts of need. These data are also visualized for each indicator, featuring a map highlighting the highest and lowest counts among the group.

It is important to note that one household may request multiple referrals at once, and the same household may seek referrals multiple times per year.

Because of this, looking at referrals as a proportion of the total population or households in a zip code is not advised. In addition, a limitation is that referrals via the mobile app cannot be exported as of this report’s completion. Taken together, referral data should be seen as a conservative estimate of overall need in the community.

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About the Rankings

Each indicator page contains a bar graph that rank-orders the ZCTAs. Many of the graphs display data as a percentage to enable comparisons among areas.

For 6 of the 10 indicators, 1 indicates the “highest” and “best” or otherwise the preferred condition and 14 indicates the “lowest” and “worst” or undesired condition. For 4 of the 10 indicators, such as income supports and housing costs, a low value for the measure is the preferred condition, and accordingly, is ranked higher. Rankings are assigned according to a single data point in an indicator and may be ordered differently by different data points; some examples of this are cited in the report.

It is important to acknowledge the ranking in this report within the context of each specific indicator. For data where the spread between the highest and lowest figures is small, ranking may be a less useful tool for analysis.

Accuracy

Thoughtwell has been careful in collecting, analyzing, checking, and presenting data from a variety of sources to prepare this report. Thoughtwell has judged its data sources (indicated on each indicator page and listed in the Appendix) to be reliable, but it was not possible to authenticate all data. If careful readers of the report discover data or typographical errors, Thoughtwell welcomes this feedback and will incorporate corrections into future versions of the report.

Franklin County by Zip Code Zip code groupings Zip code(s) 43201 43202, 43214 43203, 43205 43204 43206, 43207 43209, 43213 43211, 43224 43215 43219 43222, 43223 43227, 43232 43229, 43231 43235

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Indicators This section presents analysis of secondary data on demographic, economic, and quality of life measures by zip codes throughout the City of Columbus and Franklin County. These data are presented alongside highlighted analysis of referral data from HandsOn Central Ohio (and also, in indicator 3, from the United Way of Central Ohio) to enhance understanding of where residents are being connected to resources, accompanied by maps highlighting the highest and lowest counts of referrals.

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Indicator 1: Population Growth This indicator includes data from the 2010 Decennial Census and the American Community Survey on the rate of change in the total population this decade. Also included are HandsOn referral data on the total number of households calling 2-1-1 or using 211centralohio.org in 2016, with a couple exceptions (see note below). The highest and lowest counts are displayed on the map at right, for this and all subsequent indicators.

When looking at total referrals, a high population does not necessarily translate to a high number of referrals. The 43211 and 43224 zip codes have the highest number of referrals by far, but only the fifth highest population.

The two most populated zips, 43206 and 43207 & 43229 and 43231, rank second and seventh in referrals, respectively.

Highest: 43211, 43224 Total population, 2010-2015 Zip Codes

43235 43202, 43214 43209, 43213 43219 43227, 43232 43229, 43231 43206, 43207 43215 43203, 43205 43211, 43224 43204 43222, 43223 43201

Lowest: 43235

Percentage of population change, 2010-2015

Population, Population, 2010 2015 (est.)

38,493 44,901 57,672 27,123 63,541 66,032 67,008 12,790 20,380 60,299 42,104 31,983 35,495

41,814 48,747 61,360 28,305 66,163 68,221 69,211 13,197 20,862 61,280 39,897 29,483 30,586

HandsOnChange, 2010-2015 2-1-1 referrals*

3,321 3,846 3,688 1,182 2,622 2,189 2,203 407 482 981 -2,207 -2,500 -4,909

305 697 2,344 1,707 4,069 2,016 4,772 1,424 1,921 18,081 2,077 2,394 719

Source: United States Census Bureau, 2010 Decennial Census; 2011-2015 American Community Survey. HandsOn Central Ohio, 2016.

(#) ranked from highest to lowest.

*Total referrals represent all calls or searches to HandsOn from a zip code(s); this does not include food pantries (indicator 10) or United Way VITA (indicator 3) data, and not all other categories are present in this report. In 2016, HandsOn recorded 311,861 referrals from online and phone sources; referrals from the 2-1-1 app are not yet available.

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Indicator 2: Households This indicator includes data from the American Community Survey on households by area. A household is defined as an occupied housing unit, and categorized into types based on the primary householder’s relationship to other persons living in the home. Examples include married couples and those solely headed by women, with children. Also included are HandsOn data on total referrals from households with children.

Although zip codes below are ranked by the percentage of households headed by females with children, that does not necessarily link to more referrals to HandsOn. The zip codes with the highest percentage (43227 and 43232) only rank second in total referrals with children. Zip codes with the most referrals (43206 and 43207) rank second in total households, and seventh in households headed by females with children.

Total households

43215 43202, 43214 43201 43235 43204 43209, 43213 43206, 43207 43229, 43231 43222, 43223 43203, 43205 43211, 43224 43219 43227, 43232

8,170 22,030 11,508 17,941 15,560 25,482 26,968 27,823 9,831 8,634 24,353 10,867 26,271

Married couple HandsOn- Total households referrals with children

13.3% 34.8% 12.1% 44.8% 35.6% 32.6% 32.0% 32.3% 32.1% 14.3% 24.3% 25.5% 27.6%

Source: United States Census Bureau, 2011-2015 American Community Survey. HandsOn Central Ohio, 2016.

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Lowest: 43202, 43214

Percentage of households led by females, with children

Number and percentage of households by type Zip Codes

Highest: 43206, 43207

24 9 30 16 500 257 846 185 376 294 550 161 573 (#) ranked from lowest to highest.

Indicator 3: Income Supports This indicator includes data from the American Community Survey on households that received government income supports, such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI), food stamps, or cash public assistance. Also included are United Way of Central Ohio data on households making appointments under the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program and HandsOn tax prep referrals to AARP and the Ohio Benefits Bank.

Zip codes are ranked according to the percentage of the population receiving income public assistance or food stamps, but as with indicator 2 this does not link to more tax prep appointments. Zip codes with the highest percentage receiving income supports (43203 and 43205) rank seventh in number of appointments, while zip codes with the most appointments (43227 and 43232) have the fifth highest proportion of residents receiving income supports.

Population receiving income supports Zip Codes

43202, 43214 43235 43201 43215 43209, 43213 43229, 43231 43206, 43207 43204 43227, 43232 43219 43222, 43223 43211, 43224 43203, 43205

Receiving SSI

535 511 378 517 1,165 1,788 2,609 1,629 2,059 638 1,376 2,676 1,062

Lowest: 43235

Percentage of population receiving public assistance or food stamps Receiving cash public United Way/HandsOnassistance or Food Stamps tax prep appointments

1,267 1,160 1,408 1,233 4,949 5,478 6,683 4,030 7,195 3,249 3,490 8,646 3,587

102 51 160 68 467 445 619 149 761 430 185 698 330

Source: United States Census Bureau, 2011-2015 American Community Survey. United Way of Central Ohio, 2016.

HandsOn Central Ohio, 2016.

Highest: 43227, 43232

(#) ranked from lowest to highest.

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Indicator 4: Homeownership This indicator includes data from the American Community Survey on homeownership. A housing unit is considered owner-occupied if an owner or co-owner lives in the unit, regardless if owned with a mortgage or free and clear. Also included are HandsOn referral data for households seeking mortgage payment assistance.

Looking at the referral data, the 43219 zip code stands out for having 76% of mortgage payment assistance referrals among the group. Moreover, the zip code has a higher proportion of housing units built in the 1990s and later than other areas (see indicator 9). Interestingly the 43206 and 43207 zip codes, which have the highest rate of homeownership in the group, have only a dozen referrals.

Highest: 43219 Owner-occupied housing units Zip Codes

Percentage of owner-occupied housing units

Total occupied housing units

Total owneroccupied units

HandsOn- Mortgage payment assistance

26,968 17,941 22,030 15,560 10,867 9,831 24,353 26,271 27,823 25,482 8,634 8,170 11,508

14,424 9,405 11,083 7,550 4,936 4,448 10,888 11,716 12,351 11,215 2,613 1,728 2,080

12 1 2 2 214 4 23 8 5 4 1 4 1

43206, 43207 43235 43202, 43214 43204 43219 43222, 43223 43211, 43224 43227, 43232 43229, 43231 43209, 43213 43203, 43205 43215 43201

Source: United States Census Bureau, 2011-2015 American Community Survey. HandsOn Central Ohio, 2016.

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Lowest: 43203, 43205; 43201; 43235

(#) ranked from highest to lowest.

Indicator 5: Housing Costs This indicator includes data from the American Community Survey on median monthly housing costs and the percentage of cost-burdened households. Median monthly housing cost is the amount spent at the middle range of all households in the area. Cost-burdened households are ones paying more than 30% of household income to housing costs, surpassing a long-held standard of affordability. Also included are HandsOn referral data for households seeking rent payment and utility payment assistance, with rent payment assistance visualized in the map.

The 43201 zip has the highest rate of cost-burdened households, and the lowest rate of homeownership (see indicator 4). It also has some of the lowest counts of referrals shown here.

Median monthly housing costs and assistance Zip Codes

Lowest: 43202, 43214

Percentage of cost-burdened households

Median monthly HandsOn- Rent payment HandsOn- Utility housing costs assistance payment assistance

43235 43202, 43214 43215 43206, 43207 43209, 43213 43204 43229, 43231 43227, 43232 43203, 43205 43211, 43224 43219 43222, 43223 43201

$1,100.81 $973.28 $1,045.47 $842.74 $838.72 $866.58 $856.46 $814.40 $678.20 $721.32 $807.28 $745.80 $874.82

54 52 481 487 404 237 302 688 273 605 234 257 118

Source: United States Census Bureau, 2011-2015 American Community Survey. HandsOn Central Ohio, 2016.

Highest: 43227, 43232

37 40 105 649 378 295 250 761 308 943 279 306 132 (#) ranked from lowest to highest.

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Indicator 6: School Attendance This indicator includes data from the American Community Survey on children ages 3 to 17 who are enrolled in school. The data do not capture all nursery and preschool-age children, or adults 18 and over enrolled in high school. Also included are HandsOn referral data related to households seeking school supplies and school clothing.

The 43211 and 43224 zip codes have the highest number of referrals for this indicator, but only the third highest number of children 3-17. The most children reside in the 43227 and 43232 zip codes, which have the fourth highest referrals.

Another thing to consider is both the ACS and referral data shown here transcend individual school districts, which are independent of both zip code and municipal boundaries.

School attendance, population 3-17 years Zip Codes

Total population, 3-17 years

43202, 43214 43235 43227, 43232 43209, 43213 43203, 43205 43204 43206, 43207 43211, 43224 43219 43229, 43231 43222, 43223 43215 43201

5,250 6,540 14,929 12,539 4,328 7,514 12,975 13,028 6,286 13,802 5,772 267 1,112

H A N D S O N C EN T R A L O H I O

Lowest: 43202, 43214

Percentage of population 3-17 years enrolled in school

Population 3-17 HandsOn- School enrolled in school supplies and clothing

4,814 5,836 13,191 11,075 3,768 6,483 11,141 10,937 5,251 11,512 4,718 206 856

Source: United States Census Bureau, 2011-2015 American Community Survey. HandsOn Central Ohio, 2016.

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Highest: 43211, 43224

8 19 175 76 87 87 221 522 48 178 121 30 35 (#) ranked from highest to lowest.

Indicator 7: School Lunch Assistance This indicator includes data from the National Center for Education Statistics on K-12 students eligible for Free and Reduced Price Lunch (FRPL), by schools within area boundaries. Note that students who attend school in an area may not live in the same area. Columbus Metro data are unavailable for this indicator. Also included are HandsOn referral data on households seeking diapers, another essential need for young children.

Referrals for diapers are considerably lower than referrals for school supplies or clothing (see indicator 6). Although infant and school-age children expenses are not directly related, causes of the differences might warrant further investigation.

K-12 students eligible for free and reduced price lunch (FRPL) Zip Codes

43235 43206, 43207 43202, 43214 43209, 43213 43215 43219 43222, 43223 43229, 43231 43211, 43224 43227, 43232 43203, 43205 43204 43201

K-12 students eligible for free lunch

1,101 7,251 2,741 5,119 1,548 2,714 5,019 7,650 6,211 9,742 3,058 6,112 730

Lowest: 43235

Percentage of K-12 students eligible for FRPL, 2014-15 school year

K-12 students eligible HandsOnfor reduced price lunch Diapers

167 410 110 260 0 3 189 152 0 372 11 183 0

Source: National Center for Education Statistics- Common Core of Data. HandsOn Central Ohio, 2016.

Highest: 43206, 43207

3 58 2 14 6 21 26 39 57 35 30 26 11 (#) ranked from lowest to highest.

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Indicator 8: Commute Mode This indicator includes data from the American Community Survey on the use of transportation to work for commuters age 16 and over. Public transit includes Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA) buses and vehicles, and walking or biking represent active transportation options. An alternative commute mode includes any transportation that is not driving alone.

Also included are HandsOn referral data related to households seeking transportation expense assistance, such as vouchers, as well as taxi assistance, as aid to travel to necessary appointments and services.

Zip codes with the highest number of transportation expense assistance referrals (43211 and 43224, 43222 and 43223, & 43206 and 43207) have lower rates of alternative mode usage (ranking 4th, 11th, and 7th, respectively).

Highest: 43211, 43224

Alternative commute modes for workers age 16 and over Zip Codes

43201 43203, 43205 43215 43211, 43224 43202, 43214 43219 43206, 43207 43204 43209, 43213 43227, 43232 43222, 43223 43229, 43231 43235

Percentage of workers using an alternative commute mode

Percent using Percent walking or HandsOn- Transportation biking and taxi assistance public transit

5.4% 13.2% 3.6% 6.9% 5.6% 6.2% 4.8% 2.8% 4.5% 5.6% 3.5% 2.5% 0.7%

24.7% 5.3% 19.8% 2.2% 6.0% 2.1% 2.6% 1.1% 2.8% 1.8% 2.5% 1.8% 1.2%

266 444 270 1,046 47 378 683 473 589 594 841 247 27

Source: United States Census Bureau, 2011-2015 American Community Survey. HandsOn Central Ohio, 2016.

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Lowest: 43235

(#) ranked from highest to lowest.

Indicator 9: Housing Age This indicator includes data from the American Community Survey on the years in which housing units were constructed. Also included are HandsOn referral data related to households seeking home repair services and resources.

Although this indicator ranks data based on the proportion of older homes built before 1960, zip codes with the most repair referrals (43211 and 43224; 43206 and 43207; & 43227 and 43232) do not have the oldest overall housing stock in the group, and the 43227 and 43232 zip codes were mostly built out between 1960 and 1989.

Highest: 43211, 43224

Percentage of housing units built 1959 and earlier

Housing units by decade built Zip Codes

43203, 43205 43202, 43214 43222, 43223 43204 43211, 43224 43206, 43207 43201 43209, 43213 43215 43219 43227, 43232 43229, 43231 43235

Total housing units

12,183 23,713 12,855 19,255 29,403 32,447 15,115 28,259 9,281 12,401 30,558 30,870 18,929

Percent built 1990 and later

7.5% 5.3% 12.6% 13.5% 5.1% 15.0% 11.4% 14.4% 36.7% 37.8% 14.2% 15.7% 31.6%

HandsOnPercent built 1960-1989 Home repair

19.7% 26.6% 30.9% 31.4% 40.8% 31.7% 35.9% 38.5% 22.9% 34.5% 61.8% 75.4% 63.5%

Source: United States Census Bureau, 2011-2015 American Community Survey. HandsOn Central Ohio, 2016.

Lowest: 43235

60 7 66 51 203 167 19 32 8 64 114 26 6 (#) ranked from highest to lowest.

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Indicator 10: Food Distribution This indicator includes data from the American Community Survey and County Business Patterns series on the presence of grocery and convenience stores in zip codes, as well as the distribution of stores per 1,000 area residents. Stores are defined according to North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes; see the appendix for definitions.

Also included are HandsOn referral data on connecting households to food pantries.

Zip codes with the highest referral counts for pantries (43206 and 43207; 43227 and 43232; & 43211 and 43224) also have among the highest counts of grocery and convenience stores, if not the highest amount of stores per capita.

Grocery and convenience stores, and food pantry assistance Zip Codes

43203, 43205 43222, 43223 43204 43211, 43224 43206, 43207 43229, 43231 43201 43215 43219 43202, 43214 43209, 43213 43227, 43232 43235

Population, 2015

Grocery stores

Convenience stores

HandsOn- Food pantries

20,862 29,483 39,897 61,280 69,211 68,221 30,586 13,197 28,305 48,747 61,360 66,163 41,814

11 13 12 22 17 28 7 4 8 14 12 13 10

9 10 16 21 24 10 10 3 5 5 11 11 4

7,131 6,918 9,343 10,458 18,771 4,411 656 1,205 2,857 366 5,729 11,849 245

H A N D S O N C EN T R A L O H I O

Lowest: 43235

Grocery and convenience stores per 1,000 residents

Source: United States Census Bureau, 2011-2015 American Community Survey. United States Census Bureau, 2015 County Business Patterns. HandsOn Central Ohio, 2016.

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Highest: 43206, 43207

(#) ranked from highest to lowest.

Conclusion The preceding 10 indicators were just a sample of the data reflecting needs and quality of life in different parts of Columbus and Franklin County. The data presented come from various sources, but looking at them together help readers gain a fuller understanding of the differences where they live. Although data by itself can be valuable, it is the questions and subsequent next steps that arise from it that spark conversation and change in a community: Referral counts varied widely across categories, from the thousands (food pantries, indicator 10) to many in the single digits (mortgage payment assistance, indicator 4). What possibly accounts for such differences?

In homeownership (indicator 4), could the number of mortgage referrals in the 43219 zip code be a consequence of the late 2000s housing market crash disproportionately affecting the zip code, enough that it is still felt 10 years later?

When looking at housing cost and payment assistance data together (indicator 5), does a gap exist in awareness of resources within the 43201 zip code, that it has low referrals to rent and utility payment assistance despite majorities of households that are both renting and cost-burdened?

In school attendance (indicator 6), how might both secondary and referral data be different if measured by school district, or school building?

When looking at school attendance (indicator 6) and school lunch assistance (indicator 7) together, do differences exist in service provisions for infants and toddlers compared to school age children that fewer households seek HandsOn referrals for diapers?

Looking at home repair referrals (indicator 9), what services presently exist to improve housing quality? Are they targeting the correct repairs?

In food distribution (indicator 10), what could explain the discrepancy between food pantry referrals and the number of grocery and convenience stores?

Referrals shown here are only a sample of the hundreds of needs to which HandsOn connects people. In addition to the categories highlighted in this report, could there be closely related needs households are also seeking assistance for?

This report highlighted several secondary indicators, such as households and school attendance, to build the demographic profile of zip codes. Many more indicators, such as race, household income, or educational attainment, did not make the cut. What other indicators could help us better understand the population of different zip codes? How does this help us better understand the residents who seek referrals from HandsOn? Referrals for the 10 indicators are only analyzed for the year 2016, but may have told a different story in 2017. If trends in referral data start to be analyzed over time, what more could be learned about needs and communities in need?

Referrals presented here are a count for the entire year, but some categories may have seen more activity depending on the month or season. How could different times of the year impact the demand of different needs? Furthermore, how could seasonality of needs appear in longer term trends?

Looking at transportation assistance referrals and alternative commute mode use together (indicator 8), do gaps exist between transportation need and options?

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Conclusion Certainly this initial look at HandsOn referrals relative to other secondary data leads to many questions. It is our hope that continued investigation and collaborative effort will help to address these questions, even while potentially generating additional questions.

It bears repeating that referral data should be considered a conservative estimate of need. For example, transportation assistance referrals (indicator 8) do not capture the full scope of people already using these services on a regular basis. A greater understanding of our local sources of assistance and its users, in combination with the referral data we already know, will enhance our understanding of need going forward.

While data are ranked for purposes of analysis and presentation, it does not conclude that some zip codes are more desirable than others. Compare and contrast the zip codes most important to you with others in the group.

Consider the data presented by zip code here as a compliment to what neighborhood residents already know. Zip codes sometimes cover a large territory, and conditions inevitably vary across that area. Zip codes have the advantage of being well documented, widely recognizable, and referenced at the local, state, and federal levels. However, it is a rare occurrence for data to accurately reflect the lived experience of every resident in a zip code.

Lastly, if other questions or needs arise, reach out:

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Both The Columbus Foundation and the United Way of Central Ohio provide support to numerous organizations across Columbus, all of whom provide unique talents and services to strengthen our city.

If what is read here leads to a specific data question, Thoughtwell offers community technical assistance.

If you or someone you know is in need of direct services, HandsOn Central Ohio is available to provide referrals 24 hours a day. Dial 2-1-1, visit 211centralohio.org, or download the Franklin County 2-1-1 mobile app.

Appendix Data Sources

Indicator 1: Population Growth U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2010 Census http://www.census.gov U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey http://factfinder2.census.gov Indicators 2-6 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey http://factfinder2.census.gov Indicator 7: School Lunch National Center for Education Statistics- Common Core of Data https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/ Indicators 8-9 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey http://factfinder2.census.gov Indicator 10: Food Distribution U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American Community Survey http://factfinder2.census.gov U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns http://factfinder2.census.gov

About the NAICS Codes

Estimates of grocery store and convenience store establishments are based on 2012 NAICS codes. Establishments are defined thusly: Grocery stores (NAICS ID 44511)- This industry comprises establishments generally known as supermarkets and grocery stores primarily engaged in retailing a general line of food, such as canned and frozen foods; fresh fruits and vegetables; and fresh and prepared meats, fish, and poultry. Included in this industry are delicatessen-type establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of food.

Convenience Stores (NAICS ID 44512)- This industry comprises establishments known as convenience stores or food marts (except those with fuel pumps) primarily engaged in retailing a limited line of goods that generally includes milk, bread, soda, and snacks.

Basemap Credits

ESRI, HERE, DeLorme, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P, MapmyIndia, Š OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community.

Photo Credits

All photos by Thoughtwell.

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The Columbus Foundation 1234 East Broad Street Columbus, Ohio 43205 (614) 251-4000

The City of Columbus 90 West Broad Street Columbus, Ohio 43215

United Way of Central Ohio 360 South 3rd Street Columbus, Ohio 43215 (614) 227-2100

Thoughtwell 399 East Main Street, Suite 100 Columbus, Ohio 43215 (614) 224-5917

www.columbusfoundation.org

www.columbus.gov

www.liveunitedcentralohio.org

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