EVOLUTION OF TRAINING • PERSONAL PROTECTION • GRAY MAN • TACTICAL MEDICAL TRAINING
Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence & Special Operations Professionals
DEC 2015/JAN 2016
VOLUME 8 • NUMBER 6
WHAT YOU CAN DO TO KEEP YOU AND YOUR FAMILY SAFE IN THE EVENT OF A TERRORIST ATTACK
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4 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
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Counter
The Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence & Special Operations Professionals december 2015/january 2016 Volume 8 • Number 6
COVER story: what you can do to keep you and 32 Your family safe in the event of a
contents
FEATURES:
32
16
50
terror attack by Tom Black
08
the importance of personal protection for homeland security by Bradley Hickory
16 50
THE evolution of training by John Gomez
61
the importance of Tactical medical training for patrol by Nick Perna
the gray man by Dr. Ross L. Riggs
departments: 06 From the Editor Radical Islam’s new offensive 48 Book Review A Citizens Guide to Surviving Street Crimes and Terrorist Attacks 71 Innovative Products Fairleigh Dickinson University, Sprint, ITTS K9,
ExplorerSCOPE-UV™, American Built Arms Company
61 Cover Photo: A boy lights a candle in memory of the people murdered during the November 13, 2015 Paris attacks. Photo by: Gyrostat
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 5
Counter The
From The Editor:
Radical Islam’s new offensive
by Henry Morgenstern Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence & Special Operations Professionals
A
s we go to press, a week after the Paris attacks, it is clear that Paris is one of the elements of a new Islamist terror offensive that has been taking place for some time. This includes, but is not limited to, the downing of a Russian passenger airline over the Sinai desert on October 31st killing 224 that began the horrifying string of attacks; Israel has suffered hundreds of knifing attacks and killings by guns, bombs and anything else that the Muslim Brotherhood, otherwise known as Hamas, can get their hands on; Beirut Lebanon saw an ISIS bomber detonate on an explosive bicycle killing 43 wounding more than 200; the accounts in Africa, Egypt and South East Asia in one month would take a lot more space than this editorial allows. Then there are those that happen in the US like Merced, California which are Jihadist but are quickly brushed under the violent extremist carpet. And then there was Paris! Our strategy or lack of is clearly not working. Somewhat late we are beginning to realize that Obama’s JV team possesses a global terror capability and cannot be contained but needs to be eliminated. All the more important for all of you to get with us and share the know-how that you have, the experiences you can share, and the lessons we can all learn that will help to protect the civilization we love as it comes under a very capable, brutal and merciless assault from Islamism. No one is better qualified to edit this magazine at a time like this than our new editor who takes over from the February/ March issue. Garret Machine served as a soldier in the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) in a Direct Action, Counter Terrorism unit. He was a soldier, medic and firearms tactics instructor for his army unit. This unit of the IDF specialized in urban warfare, hostage rescue, targeted assassinations and kidnapping of wanted militants throughout the West Bank, Gaza strip and boarder nations. Garret has a Master’s degree in homeland security and counter terrorism from the Interdisciplinary Center in Hertzlia Israel. Following his military service he worked in Dignitary Protection for the Israeli Ministry of Defense. Finally, Garret joined the ranks of The Israeli National Police Force where he served until 2010. Shortly after completing his service to Israel, Garret moved to the United States where he now provides security consultation. It has been a great time editing the last two issues. While I have so enjoyed shepherding articles from many of you, I have to admit that time is a constant challenge here at SSI. I look forward to seeing many different articles on international special operations tactics; about new technologies and gear that can help you with your mission; on self-responders and how we can get actively involved in counter terrorism and the best of all—your know-how shared with your peers which is what this magazine is all about. We clearly need a magazine like this because we are under attack. Please get involved. Our slogan is protecting the Homeland together and we mean it, whether you are here or in Beirut, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Israel or Africa we need to hear about what you do. We all have the same enemy and we can best defeat this enemy together.
Henry Morgenstern Editor, The Counter Terrorist
Volume 8 • Number 6
december 2015/january 2016 Editor Henry Morgenstern Assistant Editor Garret Machine Director of Operations Carmen Arnaes Director of Advertizing Sol Bradman Administrative Ashley Villegas Contributing Editors John Gomez Tom Black Bradley Hickory Dr. Ross L. Riggs Nick Perna ASIA PACIFIC EDITION Director of operation Yaniv Peretz Graphic Design Morrison Creative Company Copy Editor Laura Town Advertising Sales Maria Efremova Maria@loringlobal.com +65 90266571 Publisher: Security Solutions International 13155 SW 134th St. • STE 103 Miami, Florida 33186 ISSN 1941-8639 The Counter Terrorist Magazine, Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence & Special Operations Professionals is published by Security Solutions International LLC, as a service to the nation’s First Responders and Homeland Security Professionals with the aim of deepening understanding of issues related to Terrorism. No part of the publication can be reproduced without permission from the publisher. The opinions expressed herein are the opinions of the authors represented and not necessarily the opinions of the publisher. Please direct all Editorial correspondence related to the magazine to: Security Solutions International SSI, 13155 SW 134th Street, Suite 103, Miami, Florida. 33186 or info@thecounterterroristmag.com The subscription price for 6 issues is $34.99 and the price of the magazine is $5.99. (1-866-573-3999) Fax: 1-786-573-2090. For article reprints, e-prints, posters and plaques please contact: Security Solutions International at villegas@homelandsecurityssi.com or call 786-573-3999 Please visit the magazine web site where you can also contact the editorial staff:
www.thecounterterrroristmag.com © 2016 Security Solutions International
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The Importance of Personal Protection for Homeland Security
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by Bradley Hickory
Throughout history, violence has always existed. Terrorist incidents, mob violence, riots, acts of aggression, domestic violence, gang violence, unnecessary killings, and general volatility has always been a reality within society.
T
he incidents revealed on news media today are not new. The news is certainly far more disseminated throughout the population—and the world, for that matter—but the violence is not new. Violence continues to manifest throughout America and the world. The Bank of America shooting incident in North Hollywood, California in 1997 lead to law enforcement
implementing assault rifles into their standard arsenals. The Columbine High School massacre in Colorado in 1999 lead to advanced training in active shooter situations. Then America’s breath was taken away on September 11th, 2001, when a non-conventional act of terrorism claimed thousands of lives. The event on 9/11 has influenced numerous aspects of the governmental, public, and
private security sectors worldwide. Executive protection (EP) is but one area that has advanced due to the increase in hostility on a global scale. It is an important element of Homeland Security, since political policy can be changed by bullet, as seen in the Rabin Assassination in 1995 and many others. As all areas of the international security industry become more enhanced and
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 9
specialized, EP continues to refine itself as well. The advancement of EP work has excelled beyond the typical job title of bodyguard. There is a lot more to an EP specialist than an individual who calls him or herself a bodyguard, much like a true security professional is of a higher
caliber than a club bouncer. Education, maturity, training, and experience produce a higher quality professional to perform EP responsibilities. This is not to say that individuals who are on ambitious paths to become EP specialists won’t achieve their goals. However, just because a security professional has spent a few thousand dollars and attended a school or two doesn’t necessarily qualify them as an EP specialist. The same holds true for law enforcement and military-trained members of the security world. Their training and experience certainly make a positive difference, but may not instantly transfer over into all of the aspects involved in EP work.
Tactical Experience: A Must
The monument at the site of the Yitzhak Rabin's assassination. Photo by: Shalom
Tactical experience is desired in the EP realm, for it translates into improved decision making. This is why experience is so important. The basics of a profession may be learned in a book, followed up by a competent classroom experience, but tactical experience is where observation and decision making skills are increased. Tactical and strategic experience, along
Members of the US Army 89th Military Police, Brigade Special Reaction Team, along with other Military Police, search vehicles before entering the main gate at Fort Hood, TX. Heighten security measures are in place following the September 11th attacks. Photo by: John Byerly CIV
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The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 11
with education, support sound decision making. This experience allows an EP specialist to read a situation as it is and competently identify where the likelihood of a threat or hazard may initiate from. This identification yields appropriate measures to be taken for the protection of the team’s dignitary (or principal). In his second book on EP, Executive Protection: New Solutions for a New Era, Robert Oatman presents a chapter titled, “It’s Not About the Gun.” The operation of an EP detail is primarily defensive in nature, not offensive. If a hostile situation were to present itself, the priorities of an EP detail are to remove their principal away from danger and escort him or her to a safe location. Tactical operations would declare operators to eliminate the threat, and that may occur, but the primary objective would be to get the principal to safety.
…the primary objective would be to get the principal to safety.
Planning and Operations EP specialists are expected to be intelligent in their planning and operation of a detail. The advance work that paves the success of an operation must be handled by competent, experienced EP specialists. The proper planning of an EP detail is crucial for the organization of protection for the principal. There should not be any detail overlooked nor neglected. Dignitaries, executives, and anyone who wishes to pay for the high-quality personal protection that EP provides deserves to receive superior protection services. EP specialists must be high caliber personnel who are well versed in multiple areas. They are expected to always be alert, be intelligent and competent, tactically proficient, excellent drivers, and constantly professional. These specialists must understand all of the responsibilities
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bestowed upon them and operate within a unified, fluid team. EP teams must be seamless in their orchestrated motorcade operations and walking formations while moving their principal. EP must continue to evolve for the sake of the clients that specialists protect. There has been a growing movement across America where uneducated and uncivilized individuals are attacking members of authority. When that happens, what is to stop these deplorable members of society from going after important individuals that need protection? It goes further than that. It is not only VIPs (company executives or high net worth individuals) that need protection. Recently, a news reporter and her cameraman were executed on live television while doing their jobs. A uniformed law enforcement officer was assassinated while pumping fuel.
Terrorists conduct attacks on law enforcement officials and members of government to undermine the protection capabilities of a civilized structure. Terrorists will cause citizens to lose faith in their Government’s ability to protect them. Incidents such as these prove the violence is reaching out everywhere. All EP specialists need to remain vigilant within their jobs and always seek advanced knowledge in their fields. Work with your team, as a team, as often as possible. Much the same as it is with other specialized units, it is important to know how one another operate. It is crucial to understand one another’s weaknesses and strengths, as well as those of your team members, especially for the EP manager. Take your training seriously, and above all, please stay safe!
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about the author Bradley Hickory was born in raised in Florida. He proudly served his country for four years in the United States Marine Corps as a Recon Marine. Pursuant to being honorably discharged Bradley attended college before become a law enforcement officer. He was a member of SWAT for five years during his ten years within law enforcement. Bradley then worked with Triple Canopy as he operated executive protection missions in Baghdad, Iraq for nearly three years. He is now an independent security consultant and executive protection expert. Bradley possesses a bachelor’s degree in Intelligence with a concentration of Terrorism studies. He is currently working on a master’s degree in Security Management.
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The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 15
The Evolution of Training
Improving results for law enforcement involved in shooting incidents
16 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
A police officer peers through the reflex sight of an M4 carbine. Photo by: John Crosby
by John Gomez
The average response time for a law enforcement officer in the United States is three minutes and thirty-five seconds.
T
he average citizen, with little firearms training, can fire over one hundred rounds in that same period of time, and typically achieves a fifty percent hit ratio when aiming at human targets. The majority of police officers in the country, when involved
in a shooting incident, if they are lucky, will achieve seventy percent accuracy only 3.4% of the time, according to a study by the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC). What is even more startling is that military shooters (not including special operations team
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 17
Photo by: United States Department of Homeland Security
members) on active deployment only achieve slightly higher accuracy scores. The average response time for back-up units, responding to a non-officer-down situation, is a little over two minutes, depending on the municipality and region of the country. In metropolitan areas, response times average ninety seconds, but in rural areas, such as Maine, it is not unusual for back-up units to be several minutes away. The average shooter who visits a shooting range once a week can effectively hit their target about eighty percent of
Photo by: aeroplanepics0112
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The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 19
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U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Law Enforcement Specialist 2nd Class Glenn Miller, foreground, displays a forward weapons posture during a tactical weapons handling exercise with the visit, board, search and seizure team aboard the guided missile destroyer USS Winston S. Churchill. Photo by: Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Aaron Chase
the time, when they have the element of surprise or other tactical advantage. The average law enforcement officer in the United States visits the range once a year and will shoot about a hundred rounds in a qualification program that is typically not very realistic or supportive of their actual tactical needs. The outcome of this once-a-year training approach is not surprising. In a real world-shooting incident, officers hit their target only 19.4% of the time, when the target is
three yards away. Their hit rate drops dramatically when distance increases or the assailant is returning effective fire. The average response time for an officer in trouble is about forty-five seconds. An officer who has an arterial compromise due to a gunshot wound and combat conditions can bleed out before qualified help can reach them.
Improving Outcomes Although, as an industry, our training
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 21
A soldier rips down paper targets at a range for military police soldiers as part of an M2 Browning .50-caliber machine gun familiarization at Camp Atterbury, Ind., Nov. 5, 2015. Photo by Master Sgt. Michel Sauret
An average hitrate of 19.4% at three yards is clearly a sign that our approaches do not work.
tactics, techniques and procedures (TTP) have evolved over time, our statistical outcomes, as noted earlier, have not improved over the past forty years. One reason for this, I believe, is that much of our training is based on approaches used to train basic military units. This approach makes clear sense when you have the need to train a large amount of individuals in the basics of firearm handling. Keep in mind that these techniques assume the individual will operate in larger team, where the number
22 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
of guns in the fight makes up for the possible lack of skill. In scenarios where we have much smaller teams, such as in most law enforcement situations, where you may only have one officer initially involved in a shooting, the focus must be on skill. It is imperative that our training departs drastically with tradition and begins to recognize that the math does not lie. An average hit-rate of 19.4% at three yards is clearly a sign that our approaches do not work.
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Our threat landscape has dramatically changed in the past decade. Ambushes, assassinations, barricaded and armed suspects, and shooting in progress situations are all on the rise. The expertise, determination and capability of the attackers are also evolving. Consider the amount of time the casual shooter spends at the range versus the time required of an officer to be on the range training. The reality is that officers will more than likely face an assailant who has more time training with a firearm, than does the officer.
Time for Training One clear solution is to provide officers with more time training with firearms. Obviously, this creates economic challenges, even for large law enforcement agencies. Ammunition, insurance, overtime, and supplies all burden the budget. That recognized, there are simple and sound methods that can be employed to give officers the time to train more and not create economic hardships. These include starting leagues, making ammunition available, dry-fire training, and much more. But this is only part of the solution. The training provided to officers must change in terms of the approach, methods of instruction, and the science behind the content. All training should be realistic, but it must also be reflective of the encounters faced by officers in a gunfight. To fully outline all of the required changes is well beyond the scope of this article. Yet, my hope is to provide you with some insights into approaches that may help you rethink how your officers are being trained. We will discuss the use of context, crawlwalk-run drills, academic grounding, and psychology, among others. But please keep in mind: this is simply the tip of the proverbial iceberg.
24 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
Context: The Variability of Gunfights All tactical situations, such as an active shooter, for instance, always have various variables that we need to consider as we design training programs. These variables are known as context. When we consider context, we need to think about environment, facilities, geography, load outs, fatigue factors, length of contact, manpower, support elements, logistics, communications, and much more. A critical aspect of any training, active shooter or otherwise, should start with the question “What is the context?” Thinking through context and listing out all the variables creates the foundation for our training. Failing to consider context is one of the biggest mistakes that I see when speaking to leadership in both military and law enforcement. If you want to determine the quality of a trainer, ask them “What is the context of this training?” If they give you a blank stare or stumble in answering, you have don’t have the right trainer or program. Another mistake is describing context as the objective of training. An objective is critical and sensible, but it is not context. Context is broader and much more thoughtful than an objective. The objective may be stated in a sentence or two, but the context of training forces you to think about all the variables, and in thinking about the variables you will develop training that is realistic and reflective of scenarios faced by those on the firing line.
Crawl-Walk-Run: Getting to the Truth A huge mistake or omission I see occur often is a failure to embrace a crawlwalk-run approach when it comes to skill
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development. All too often, individuals are put into training programs that are well beyond their skill levels. This often occurs because the training curriculum is based on feedback from someone who has a false perception of the capabilities of their team members. I have personally had situations with SWAT and Special Operation teams where we have had hopes of doing very advanced or challenging training, and within an hour
of starting the program with the actual team members, learned that the training was well beyond their level of skill. Just like a tactical response, training must be fluid and adaptable to meet the needs of the trainees. Embracing a crawl-walk-run approach provides you with a means to evaluate the true level and effectiveness your teams. This approach also provides a means to assure that your team can eventually and effectively
26 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
operate in the context that you defined earlier. As you consider how to introduce a “crawl-walk-run� culture to your training programs, be aware that everyone wants to jump right to the run stage. Yes, most learning and retention, most muscle memory development, and the most effective correction of bad practices is achieved in the crawl stage. If you want to see vast improvement in your team members, especially when training for
shooting encounters, you must spend most of your time in the crawl stage. In a typical training cycle, at least forty percent of your training should be in the crawl stage. This remains true no matter how many times you revisit a training scenario. Interestingly, the cheapest training is typically the training conducted in the crawl stage. For example, if we were working through an active shooter response scenario, we would engage
dry-firing during the crawl stage. There is no expenditure of ammunition or target costs, just time. Yet, the return on skill improvement is extremely high during this stage of training. An often heard quote, first popularized by the tactical shooting community, is “slow is smooth, smooth is fast.� The crawl stage is where we focus on slow, that leads to smooth, during our walk stage and pays amazing dividends during the run stage training.
If your training programs do not embrace crawl-walk-run, there is a very good chance that your team has a false sense of their true capabilities. Working through the crawl-walk-run stages provides a means to identify tipping points. A tipping point is that exact moment when skills deteriorate and are no longer effective. The more tipping points you are able to identify and address, the more clearly you will understand the true skills of your team.
Marines learn small unit support vehicle and mountain driving during classroom instruction. Photo by: Lance Cpl. Kaitlyn Klein
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 27
Academics: Back to the Classroom
Simply stated, to improve firearm accuracy it is important to wire the mind as much as it is to train the mechanics.
When I observe or attend training programs, especially when they are tactical or combative training programs, I find that we seem to go from our cars to the range. For some reason, other than a safety briefing, there is rarely time inside a classroom. I also find it interesting that when I teach tactical programs, people are often intrigued that I request a classroom. Yet, time and time again, studies show that when you take time to explain why someone is doing something, their retention and abilities vastly improve. We aren’t talking negligible improvements, but dramatic skill improvement. A research study, using basketball foul shoots, found some interesting results that support the use of academics to learn physical skills. The study utilized students with no prior experience in sports, specifically basketball. The students were divided into two teams, Team A and Team B. Team A was put into a classroom and watched films on how-to shoot foul shots. Team A also received explanations on the mechanics of making foul shots and then were asked to visualize themselves successfully shooting baskets from the foul line. Team B, was taken out to a basketball court and taught howto physically shoot foul shots. They practiced shooting baskets from the foul line for the same amount of time as Team A was in the classroom. Team A and B then face off to see which team can successfully shoot more foul shots. Although Team B, the team that went to the basketball court and not the classroom, starts out scoring more points, Team A quickly catches and surpasses Team B, even though it was their first time actually touching a basketball. Other studies have shown
28 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
that the combination of academic and didactic training drive higher retention and success under stress. Simply stated, to improve firearm accuracy it is important to wire the mind as much as it is to train the mechanics. When you are planning training programs, make sure you always include both. In fact, a key sign that your training isn’t going to be effective in a real world scenario is if you cannot figure out the academics. This may sound New Age, but it does make a vast difference over our traditional approaches. Even if you don’t have the time or money to develop classroom content, consider using prepackaged videos, guest instructors, or similar approaches.
Psychology: Inside the Mind While we are on the subject of New Age approaches, let’s talk about psychology. When we strip away all the padding, the reality is that we are asking an individual to face off with another human in a lethal encounter. It is our responsibility, our duty, to assure that our team is given every advantage possible, no matter how small. The psychology of combat is a critical aspect of preparing team members for shooting engagements. We need to assure that they do not freeze, fall victim to tunnel vision, or over respond to the situation. I recommend an approach that divides a tactical response into two mindsets: critical and tactical. The critical response mindset is what we often see when someone is suddenly engaged in a high-threat situation. For many reasons, the critical response mindset is ultimately responsible for many of the failures we see in gunfights. A critical response mindset is our default primal state, its foundation is the fight-or-flight
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 29
response we all know, but it is also so much more, and it is debilitating. Regardless of how realistic, relevant or frequent our training may be, if we do not correct for the critical response mindset, we may very well impacting the ability of our teams to effectively fight back in a high-risk situation. The tactical response mindset is the preferred method of thinking when we face a high-threat situation. The tactical response mindset is characterized provides someone under fire with a purposeful means of thinking, that matches their physiology, level of training, and the reality of the battle. In short, the tactical response mindset forces the individual to think in terms of tactical awareness and tactical engagement. This cycle breaks the “autopilot” thinking we see when someone is using the critical response mindset.
When we force trainees into one state of mind or the other (critical vs. tactical mindset), we see that those employing critical response mindset perform much more poorly than those applying tactical response mindset approaches. It is not possible to provide you with all the intricacies of how to develop programs that embrace tactical response mindset approaches in a short magazine article. That said, my hope is to illustrate that the psychology of combat, specifically how it relates shooting engagements, is a critical component of training your team members. Do not overlook the application of psychology in tactical or firearms training. There are various techniques you can embrace to provide an edge to your teams. For example, the application of the Stroop Effect, named after John Ridley Stroop, is a highly effective method for target discernment training. A simple
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application of Stroop is to place an odd or even number on your targets, and then instruct your trainees to only shoot the even-numbered target, doing it for time. As you reduce the time, you will see the trainee revert to critical response mindset. If you use a crawlwalk-run approach here, you will find that if you start slowly, with time the trainee will be able to discern odd from even and shoot accurately and within very strict time constraints. When they accomplish this, they are employing tactical response mindset.
Just the Beginning: Training + Tactics Evolving how we train is just the beginning. There is a very real need to evolve our overall tactics and techniques. As with our training approaches, many of the tactics employed by our teams are antiquated. We spend way too much time debating the nuances of isosceles vs.
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weaver, point vs. front sight, stealth vs. dynamic entry; the list goes on and on. The reality is that our focus regarding tactics should be singularly about winning. Not surviving a shooting or tactical engagement, not getting through it, but winning. Winning means embracing counterassault, prolonged operations, outcome based tactics, and other approaches that are often only taught to advanced operators. These tactics need to find their way into the curriculum of the frontline team member, who is often the first person facing a shooter and needs to make very critical decisions. In this article, we have examined various concepts and methodologies we can use to help vastly evolve training related to tactical and high-threat scenarios. I hope that by improving the quality of your training methods, we improve the statistical outcomes of officer-involved shootings.
About the author John Gomez is CEO of Group Espada and Sensato. He has a background in special operations, cyber-security and counter-terrorism. www.groupespada.com
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The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 31
WHAT YOU CAN DO TO KEEP YOU AND YOUR FAMILY SAFE IN THE EVENT OF A TERROR ATTACK
32 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 32 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
by Tom Black
Terrorism is all around us. While the terror attacks of recent history have happened overseas, this was only a convenience for terrorists, as the targets were closer.
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he embassy bombings in Yemen, the U.S.S. Cole, and beheadings in Iraq and Afghanistan were all extremely easy for terrorists to plot and plan since the targets were in their “back yard.” Terrorism inside the borders of the United States is not something the average American thinks about, but they should. America’s borders are porous. In addition, there is a problem with the doctrine behind our screening
procedures. Couple those two things with the State Department’s lack of initiative in deporting individuals who have overstayed their visas, and we could have a preponderance of radical Islamist terror cells all over the United States. Looking back at what terrorists are capable of and through proper risk assessment, threat analysis, and imagination, individuals and communities can possibly thwart some of these attacks and properly prepare for the
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 33 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 33
he embassy bombings in Yemen, the U.S.S. Cole, and beheadings in Iraq and Afghanistan were all extremely easy for terrorists to plot and plan since the targets were in their “back yard.” Terrorism inside the borders of the United States is not something the average American thinks about, but they should. America’s borders are porous. In addition, there is a problem with the doctrine behind our screening procedures. Couple those two things with the State Department’s lack of initiative in deporting individuals who have overstayed their visas, and we could have a preponderance of radical Islamist terror
cells all over the United States. Looking back at what terrorists are capable of and through proper risk assessment, threat analysis, and imagination, individuals and communities can possibly thwart some of these attacks and properly prepare for the aftermaths of attacks. There are numerous ways to mitigate or stay clear of these threats on a personal, small group, and community level by preparation, planning, training and equipping individuals properly.
Understanding the Importance of Preparation Terrorists and radical Islamists can
34 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
be anywhere. They can be teachers in schools, work in the same building as others, live on the same street, and even be neighbors. Preparing and planning for a terroristic threat or attack takes more than listening to the news and waiting to be told what to do by local leaders or government officials. Personal preparation is the first step in staying alive and mobile in a state of emergency caused by terrorists. Regardless of the numerous threats posed by terrorists today, one cannot help others if one is not personally prepared for any and all occasions of terrorism. Planning and preparation are not difficult by any means, but they do take time, energy, effort, and resources. This may seem troublesome to some individuals, even costly, but protecting one’s self and family are paramount in terroristic situations.
Vehicle Preparation For those individuals without any background in preparation, planning, or training for emergencies or terroristic events, there is a multitude and a myriad of information available. Individuals can ask about what hazards are most likely to occur, what and where shelters are located, where the evacuation routes
for emergencies are, whether there are opportunities for training, whether there are community and individual plans for emergencies, and how individuals can obtain copies of those plans (FEMA, 2013). Most individuals are in the mindset that it cannot happen to them, but when disaster strikes and terrorists attack, individuals should be forewarned and forearmed. Individuals can check their vehicles for proper maintenance. Mechanics can check for proper brakes, exhaust, fuel, air filters, heater, lights, oil, thermostat, tires, windshield wipers, and proper tread and inflation on the tires. A good rule of thumb is a half a tank is an empty tank. Every vehicle should contain an emergency kit containing the following: at least a three ton jack, four-way lug wrench, flashlight, duct tape, tool kit (wrenches, pliers, screwdrivers, etc.), tow straps, jumper cables, extra fluid (oil, transmission, brake, radiator, etc.), five gallons of water, one box of Meals, Ready-to-Eat (MREs), one thousand
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 35
vehicle facing outward in case individuals need to leave at a moment’s notice. This will preclude individuals from having to back out away from the residence, and allow them to immediately drive away instead. When driving, adhere as much to the rules of the road as possible. Others may be in too much of a hurry and drive recklessly. Drive both offensively and defensively at the same time. Check mirrors and not only focus on where the destination is, but also what is around you. When stopping, the driver should be able to see the bottom of the rear tires in front of them. In case of an emergency, this will afford the driver the ability to turn left or right without backing up.
Go Ruck
All that is necessary is to grab the bag and depart.
rounds of extra ammo for family-owned firearms, batteries, solar charger, crank radio, tire inflation pump, power inverter, small can for carrying fuel, blankets, fire starting kit, water purification kit, and a tire plug and patch kit. If you have an SUV, consider a winch, push bumper, first aid kit, and common over-thecounter medicines. While the vehicle is parked at a residence, it is important to point the
36 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
Once the vehicle is prepared, the individual or family can prepare a bag to go. This type of bag has many names: “zombie bag,” “ready bag,” or simply “go bag/ruck.” In case of an emergency, this bag will be the only thing you will grab when an attack happens. There will be no need to ransack the house to find items that individuals may need. All that is necessary is to grab the bag and depart. In this bag will be the things that individuals need for the immediate future (three to five days). This bag should include, but not be limited to: canned food or MREs for at least three days, one gallon of water per person per day, clothing essentials, including a strong pair of denim jeans or
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The author with AR-15 variant (M-4) with tactical vest holding pistol (Glock 17). Spin Boldak, Afghanistan, circa May 2005.
strong pants, warm clothes, extra socks and underwear, good working boots, work gloves, extra shirts and pants, foul weather clothing, and hygiene kits. Once food, water, and clothing are prepared, other items required should include: extra batteries, antibacterial wipes, a tent large enough for all individuals, inclement weather gear, a rechargeable or hand crank radio, and any other items individuals deem necessary, such as ammo, weapons, a hatchet, cash, etc.
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While all individuals are not going to be familiar with weapons, they are nonetheless an integral set of items that should be taken in an emergency evacuation caused by a terroristic attack. Depending on what individuals are comfortable with, many guns can be found at any local gun store or on the Internet (Gun Broker, 2015). Ensure the handgun has enough ammunition, should the instance arise that it is necessary. Rifles can also be used in an emergency situation with a terrorist attack, should individuals encounter
and Ultralight non-Newtonian layers and padding to decrease blunt force trauma on impact by decreasing back face deformation by both disbursing and absorbing energy over the increased surface area of the trauma pad” (AR500, 2015). While body armor is not the first item on the list for terrorist preparation, and may not be necessary or out of the price range for some individuals, it is something to consider. The extra ammunition for the weapon(s) should be stored in a smaller bag in a predetermined area of the vehicle. Extra ammunition (one thousand rounds per caliber) should not be stored in the “go bag.”
Lifestyle terrorists while traveling. Any AR-15 model or equivalent is preferred, but as with handguns, it is up to the individual and what they prefer. With weapons and ammunition, there are a multiple ways to carry them. There are several configurations regarding tactical vests to carry ammunition and other weapons-related material. As before,
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it is what the individual is comfortable with (Condor, 2015). Hopefully, individuals will never need weapons or ammunition; however, it is better to have them and not need them than to need them and not have them. If weapons are to be necessary, personal body armor will be also on the list regarding weapons. “AR500 Armor® Trauma Pads utilize slim
Some of the personal mitigations for terrorists are extremely simple and should be incorporated into everyday living. • Encourage security awareness in your family and discuss what to do if there is a security threat. • Be alert for surveillance attempts or suspicious persons or activities, and report them to the proper authorities. Trust your gut feelings. That’s called
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 39
Consider owning a dog to discourage intruders.
counter surveillance. • Vary personal routines whenever possible. Even driving routes. • Get into the habit of checking in to let your friends and family know where you are or when to expect you. Enforce this for your loved ones. • Set up simple signal systems to alert family members or associates that there is a danger. Do not share this information with anyone not involved
40 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
in your signal system. • Carry identification showing your blood type and any special medical conditions. • Do not unnecessarily divulge your home address, phone number, or family information. Social media is a great way to put out false flags. • Watch for unexplained absences of local citizens as an early warning of possible terrorist actions. • Keep your personal affairs in good order. Keep wills current, have powers of attorney drawn up, take measures to ensure family’s financial security, and develop a plan for family actions in the event you are taken hostage. This is a common tactic of Narco terrorists in South/Central America. • Have a clear view of approaches to your home, egress routes, high ground, vantage points, points of hard cover, redundant communications, secure power and water sources, internal generators and excess water, motion sensitive lighting, and cameras for blind spots.
• Install strong doors and locks and reinforced hinges, and perhaps internal gates. • Change locks when you move in or when a key is lost. A backup digital door lock is also a good idea. • Windows should not allow easy access and should be laminated as to prevent shattering. • Never leave house or trunk keys with your ignition key while your car is being serviced. Never trust valet drivers. • Have adequate lighting outside your house. • Create the appearance that the house is occupied by using timers to control lights and radios while you are away. • Install one-way viewing devices in doors. • Install intrusion detection alarms and smoke and fire alarms. • Do not hide keys or give them to very young children. • Never leave young children at home alone. • Never admit strangers to your home without proper identification. • Teach children how to call the police, and ensure that they know what to tell the police (name, address, etc.). • Do not place your name on exterior walls of residences. • Close draperies during periods of darkness. Draperies should be opaque and made of heavy material. • Avoid frequent exposure on balconies and in windows. • Consider owning a dog to discourage intruders. • Never accept unexpected package deliveries. • Don’t let your trash become a source of information (Deputy G2, 2013). Make a separate bag for shredding
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 41
documents. Your bank may do this complementarily. All of these aforementioned items can be utilized on a daily basis without changing an individual’s lifestyle completely. Communication and awareness are key to personal mitigation of terrorist threats. Now that the vehicle(s) and individuals are ready, there should be a plan on where to go. Individuals should create out-of-town contacts that they can call or e-mail in case of an emergency. This is a reciprocal relationship. In case of an emergency where they live, they can come to you as well. They should be far enough away that they are not affected by the same event.
Reacting to Disaster In case the terrorist attack happens during the day when members of the family are scattered (at work, home, school, etc.) there should be a predetermined meeting place for all to meet. This will save time and minimize confusion (Jordan, 2010). Since the home is protected, and the vehicle and “go bag” are ready to go, ensure plans are in place for work and school. Individual employers should have an emergency action plan in case of an attack. Knowing what this is, and planning this with coworkers as well as one’s family, will cause less stress and anxiety in a situation that already has plenty of both. Not only employers, but also schools should have an emergency action plan for children while at school. Asking for a copy of the school’s plan is not only wise, but prudent as well. Knowing where children are in case of an emergency will save time, effort, and energy while looking for them or asking a school administrator. There are many types of attacks we can expect from terrorists. While we cannot be prepared for everything all of the time, we can be prepared for a
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general terrorist attack as best we can. A financial attack from terrorists can come in different forms. Terrorists could perform a coordinated attack on major financial institutions through the Internet via cyber-warfare. Since large banks have a very elaborate encryption on their hardware and software, cyber-terrorists may find this challenging. However, since most large banks are connected to smaller banks, these smaller banks could be used as a gateway into the larger banks’ computer systems. Another way terrorists could cripple the financial world would be to park a large vehicle filled with a “dirty bomb” (high explosives mixed with plutonium or highly enriched uranium) just outside the financial district in New York City, or other major financial hub. This type of bomb is high on the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) list for terrorists to utilize. Either format of attack could cripple the banking procedures and put individuals’ financial resources on hold for the immediate future. Consider alternate forms of currency, like ammo, cigarettes, alcohol, or even gold coins. Many individuals will not have access to banks or credit cards, and individuals
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…1% thought “the decadent and immoral” Western society should be brought to an end with violence.
without enough cash may find themselves in a financial bind and not have the basic necessities for living. Ensuring there is enough cash reserves in the residence will ensure that necessary items can be purchased. The government may or may not be able to help, since it will be spending money on fixing the disaster or preparing for another coordinated attack. The United States spent over $70 billion dollars on the cleanup for the September
11th attacks (Jordan, 2010), and there may not be cash reserves for all of the banking systems immediately. Setting aside cash reserves within the residence is extremely important. Each individual or household will need differing amounts. Two to three thousand dollars might be adequate for the immediate future. However, this is dependent on how many individuals are utilizing the funds. Randal Larsen, the Director of the ANSER Institute for Homeland Security stated, “The number one threat to American national security during this long war is neither anthrax nor truck bombs … it is uncontrolled spending. We cannot afford to put guards on every bridge and at every critical node of our infrastructure. The outcome of this war will determine the type of nation our grandchildren will know. I do not want that to be a nation that is bankrupt” (Jordan, 2010). We must remain vigilant at all times against terroristic threats and attacks. Being prepared for a financial crisis is only part of it. There are other threats as well. While it may be unlikely, there is a chance that terrorists could take over a
small city within the United States and claim it as their own, holding all within as hostages in their jihad against the West. There would need to be a great number of terrorists and/or radical Muslim extremists to take over a small city. Some Americans would say that there could not possibly be enough radical Islamists to perform such a task, but as stated in the very beginning, terrorism and terrorists are all around us. Claude Salhani, who is the international editor in Washington DC for United Press International (UPI), stated, “The danger posed by sleeper cells, by al-Qaeda sympathizers and wannabe jihadists is not to be underestimated. The threat is real” (Jordan, 2010). Regarding the number of Muslims it would take to occupy a city, the statistics can come from Great Britain. A survey of British Muslims found that 6% thought the London bombings were justified and 1% thought “the decadent and immoral” Western society should be brought to an end with violence. Applying the statistical data from Great Britain to the roughly eight million Muslims living in
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the United States implies that there are 80,000 radical Islamists in America. If you break that down even farther to one percent of that, there are 800 extremely radical and extremely dangerous Muslims and radical Islamists living within our borders.
Medical Regarding chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE) attacks, there are multiple possible scenarios. The biological suicide attack is of major concern. In this
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instance, a radical Muslim is injected with a deadly virus from his home country or a sympathizing country and sent on a plane to the United States. Not only will the terrorist infect the individuals on the plane, but before he or she dies of the virus, he or she will come in contact with and infect as many individuals a possible. This type of attack is nearly impossible to mitigate, but there are some steps that can be done for a more proactive approach. To begin with, ensure all individuals’ shots are up to date while consulting with a physician. Children and older adults are more susceptible and vulnerable to biological agents. Installing high efficiency particle air (HEPA) filters in the home and workplace will help with toxic agents. These filters remove particles between .03 and .10 microns, and should filter out any biological agents (FEMA, 2014). If there is ever any doubt that an individual has come into contact with a biological agent, immediately take off all clothes, place them in a plastic bag, and shower with soap and water. Put on fresh clothes and seek medical attention. If there is a contamination in another part of the United States, do not think that this does not apply to other areas of America. There have been multiple instances of coordinated attacks, and a biological attack is not any different regarding other forms of coordinated attacks that radical Islamists use. Plague and small pox can be transmitted by inhalation alone and the incubation period is less than 5 days. Viral hemorrhagic fever can be easily transmitted by physical contact and takes effect immediately (O’Hair, 2005). These are some of the biological agents that are known. With advancing
technology, there is the possibility of more harmful and easily transmitted agents in the near future.
Final Thoughts The United States Coast Guard motto is “Semper Paratus,” meaning “always ready.” Citizens of the United States can learn from this. Being prepared is more than just having all the essential equipment to evacuate, being up to date on inoculations, or physically fighting terrorists and radical Muslims; it is a state of mind. Always keep alert when driving and in public places. Keep doors locked and monitor what is going on in the immediate area. Be on the lookout (BOLO) for things and people that seem out of place. Trust “gut instincts” and rely on physical evidence as well. Being prepared is the first step toward protecting oneself and one’s family.
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Against Terrorism.” 21st Theater Support Command. Last modified 2013. http:// c21.maxwell.af.mil/terrorism/protective_ measures.htm. Jordan, R. and D. Philpot. Is America Safe? Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Emergency Preparedness. Toronto: Scarecrow Press, 2010.
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Endnotes “Prepare, Plan, Stay Informed: Community and Other Plans.” FEMA. Last modified February 12, 2013. http://www.ready.gov/community-andother-plans. “Emergency Preparedness.” American National Red Cross. Last modified 2011. http://www.redcrossstore.org/item/ 20-04667. “Pistols for Sale.” Gun Broker. Last modified 2015. http://www.gunbroker. com/Pistols/BI.aspx. “Elite Tactical Vests,” Condor. Last modified 2015. http://www. condoroutdoor.com/Condor-ETV.aspx. “AR500 Armor Trauma Pad.” AR500. Last modified 2015. http://www. ar500armor.com/ar500-armor-traumapad-10-x-12-asc.html#.VRBDeWN_ mmF. “Personal Protective Measures
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Book Review
Surviving: A Citizens Guide to Surviving Street Crimes and Terrorist Attacks by Walter Philbrick CreateSpace, October 22, 2015
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his book is filled with tangible information and is easily digestible and written in an applicable format. The reader will enjoy the way that real life stories from the author’s twenty-two-year police career tie in to life-saving tips and general situational awareness. The information in the book is divided into progressive chapters that take you from the basics to the complex in terms of types of crimes and their severity and complexity of attack. This is for beginner and intermediate students of the craft and includes some step-by-step instructions. Chapter One starts with one hundred personal safety tips. For example, number eleven: Don’t Be a Victim in Your Driveway, “Just before pulling into your driveway, take 3 seconds of your time and make sure that you were not followed home. As you arrive home and park in your driveway, check your mirrors to make sure that no one has parked behind you or is blocking you in. This is a favorite for robbers and kidnapers alike.” This may seem basic and rudimentary to some seasoned professionals. But may make the difference between life and death for a naive family member. I will tell you two quick stories from my own personal account that discuss this very issue. My uncle lived two doors down from me in Miami, Florida. It was 1993 and he was coming home around ten pm from dinner.
Reviewed by Garret Machine
He wore a Rolex Submariner wristwatch and was a bit of a flashy guy. When he pulled into the driveway, a car blocked him in and a guy got out with a pistol. He demanded the watch. Another community resident who was driving by noticed the incident and distracted the robber. My uncle then tried to run behind a small wall that leads to his front door and the assailant shot at him. Just then, the passer-by stopped his car and pulled out his own gun and shot at the robber. The robber fled and was never caught. My uncle still wears a Rolex and that neighbor is the Homeowners’ Association manager twentythree years later. Story number two does not end so well. It was the year 2000. An acquaintance of mine was driving home to his gated community in North Miami, Florida, from Miami Beach. He was followed and the security guard let the following car past the gate when the driver said they were following a friend home. They kidnapped him, stole his car, beat him and left him for dead in Liberty City. The person who filled the newspaper machines found him the next day. He has yet to fully recover. Both of these situations could have been avoided by simple situational awareness, as the author illustrates. This also speaks to the merit of security parking, backing into the spot.
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The last two chapters of the book center on terrorism and how to survive a suicide bomber. Philbrick believes that one day there will be suicide bombers in the United States attacking soft targets such as Disneyland, airport terminal check in lines, and crowded U.S. historic landmarks. Philbrick also manages a private investigation firm in Florida and relates an almost unbelievable story. He tells us that one of his private investigators located a terrorist cell in Hollywood, Florida. His investigator, along with another investigator from an Israeli firm, followed the terrorist cell for weeks and actually recorded some of their conversations. After interviewing his employee, he met with two Special Agents from the F.B.I. Miami office and provided the two agents specific information on the terrorist cells located in Hollywood, Florida. The group of terrorists was well funded and had specific targets. After meeting with the two agents, Philbrick was told they would investigate the cell. I will reserve the rest of the story for those who will read the book. The bottom line with this book is that it is both informative and entertaining. Buy it for a close family member so you can read it when they are done.
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The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 49
The Gray Man
50 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
by Dr. Ross L. Riggs
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A Counter Surveillance Necessity
here are many reasons that one should perfect the technique of being the gray man, whether working counter surveillance, doing surveillance oneself, or simply traveling in today’s world without becoming the target of a pickpocket, con man, or terrorist. For that matter, when travelling
internationally, it is good to learn to be the gray man to avoid undue attention from the local authorities. There are times and places in this world when such attention from someone with a badge and a gun is worse than the attention of a bad guy with just a gun. The purpose within these next few paragraphs is to first help you see the advantages to becoming gray and to learn a few techniques for being that gray man.
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 51
Why Should You Be Gray? A sniper, whether attached to a Special Forces unit outside of Fallujah or secure within several yards of a deer lay in midNovember, has the same goal in mind. They want to become an invisible part of the surroundings. The former so much
so that an enemy soldier could walk within two feet of him and stand there, emptying his bladder without knowing that the misdirection of his stream could be the precursor to his last breathe on this Earth, or at least his last chance to sing baritone in the ISIS Barbershop Quartet semi-finals. The latter also has specific reasons, usually dealing with dinner. The
52 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
trickier part for the gray man is that he is not trying to blend in to one spot on one hillside covered in foliage and tree bark. Instead, this gray man (obviously this is not limited to males only) must become nearly translucent so that, as different sets of surroundings go past and merge with changing groups of people with different types of clothing, they seem to pass right
…an enemy soldier could walk within two feet of him and stand there, emptying his bladder without knowing that the misdirection of his stream could be the precursor to his last breathe on this Earth, or at least his last chance to sing baritone in the ISIS Barbershop Quartet semi-finals.
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 53
through him, like Whoopi Goldberg through Patrick Swayze in Ghost. While traveling in large crowds that can nearly disappear as he stands in a crosswalk waiting for a light to change, so that the gray man remains unnoticed by his person of interest (POI). Did you notice the last statement of that last paragraph? The gray man is not attempting to be unseen by his POI. He is working to be unnoticed. There is an
Olympian size difference between the two. In the latter, the gray man could be in his POI’s visual field fifteen times during the day, but if he is very good at what he does, he will not be noticed even once. The other side of that same coin is that if anyone did see him, most likely they would not be able to describe him outside of average looking. There are factors that will weigh to the advantage or disadvantage of the
54 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
gray man. First on the list is the training and experience of the POI in counter surveillance. The more astute the POI and the better his or her training, the more difficult the assignment for the gray man. Fortunately for most grays, very few people are that well trained in counter surveillance, and even fewer are actively using their counter surveillance training, particularly if they have little reason to think they are the subject of any investigations. Another key factor in aiding the success of the gray man is the divided attention the POI normally will have. If he is under the stress of what he thinks could be an investigation to get him fired, imprisoned, or simply divorced, his mind will be trying to cover a hundred scenarios in what will happen to him in the very near future. He may be rehearsing in his mind how he will respond when whatever he has done is brought to light. The divided mind of the POI can work in the gray man’s favor by the distraction it causes his POI. It can, too, heighten the danger for the gray man. Such guilt churning within a man’s mind can lead to paranoia, so that the POI is seeing FBI agents dressed as squirrels hiding in trees. As probable as that last mental image could be, usually it is false. But that paranoia can push the POI to acting rashly and even attacking those he believes to be after him. It is possible that the POI, while distracted by his guilt or paranoia, may inadvertently bring the gray man into his conscious visual field; in which case the gray man must be prepared to alter his tactics. That will be covered a bit later. Consider another scenario. The gray man is not surveilling the POI but rather the POI is a bad guy about to do some nefarious act in a public place where the gray man just happens to be.
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 55
An active shooter in a work place is a plausible scenario. Now our individual’s purpose for going gray is not so that he can tail the POI; it is so he does not become a target for the POI’s angst and aggravation. Being gray he has both a better probability of survival and a better chance at taking some intercessory action against the shooter. This is something that will take place in a matter of micro-seconds. In one moment of time our soon to be Mr. Gray is just minding his own business in the local post office. He is among a dozen or two philatelists who happened to all arrive at the same time. An old anecdote declares that you do not have to be able to outrun a bear who is chasing you and your friend. You just have to outrun your friend. In this case, our man must suddenly become grayer than all of the other 1st Issue Berlin Airlift Stamp enthusiasts. Certainly, going gray is not solely for making sure that, if someone is going to get mowed down by an active shooter’s deadly gunfire, that it is someone other than yourself. It also gives you, as Mr. Gray, an opportunity to be able to act to neutralize the situation. If the POI does not notice you in the corner of the post office lobby trying to hide your 220 pound carcass behind a 3 feet high, 2 feet wide trash can, then you may have a split second more to draw your legally carried and concealed firearm to take out the shooter. Assuming that your shooting ability as Mr. Gray has been effective, the likelihood is slim that anyone is going to try to send you to federal prison. Turning gray is not just about no longer using the Grecian Formula for Men that you bought right after the new secretary got hired at work. Going gray does not happen mindlessly, in a vacuum or without pre-planning.
Scenarios for Being Gray A couple of different scenarios will make the point more clearly than a simple narrative. The examples given so far include conducting surveillance, doing counter surveillance, travelling while trying to avoid being robbed, ransacked or pillaged, and then finally being able to go gray when necessary in the event of a life threatening attack.
The example given earlier of surveilling a person of interest is the one in which you will have the most control possible over your ability to pre-plan what you want to wear to best fit into the environment so as to be gray. If, for instance, you can know ahead of time that the POI you will be tailing will be spending most of the night inside a country-western bar then you can dress in a way that fits
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the genre. If you are aware that the subject will be in or around a country club and golf course, then your choice of attire can be pre-determined. These are fairly obvious choices, but they can also include if the POI will be in and out of local businesses as a customer and perhaps going to dinner without returning home for more formal wear; then, business casual will get you the gray you need. What about finding yourself suddenly the object of surveillance and you need to act counter to them? No options here as to wardrobe except from the standpoint of having done some contingency planning. If so, then you might have access to a jacket of some type to either add or remove from your current attire. It may include losing a shirt and wandering away just wearing t-shirt and jeans or having a reversible shirt so you go from a white shirt to blue, etc. Going through a store and coming out with a baseball cap you didn’t have when you entered is another possibility.
The Traveling Gray Man The next scenario involves being the gray man while traveling. Pre-planning here is critical. It does not matter whether you are traveling from the northern half of the U.S. to the Deep South or if you are traveling to Europe or the Mediterranean; either way, pre-planning and some basic education are the initial steps. Spend time becoming a student of the area in which you are traveling. In the vast majority of European cities, talking openly while on public transportation of any kind is a dead give-away of your nationality. Having red, white, and blue luggage, ties, hats, or underwear is likely not a good idea in remaining gray.
What likely gets more Americans to be targets of thieves or others who do not have their best interest at heart comes from the openness with which they talk about where they are staying, where they are going, with whom they are travelling, and what the bought the day before at a bazaar for only $300. Another primary reason is their almost total lack of situational awareness. They have their noses in iPads or they are engrossed in phone calls back home, especially video calls, or they are having conversations with fellow travelers who may or may not even be part of their travel groups. Most Americans like to be open and friendly and that can include striking up conversations or inviting someone to sit next to them when they have no idea who that person is or what their motives might be. Situational awareness of their own property, their wallets, their handbags, never leaving any unattended even for a split second, is critical to a successful travel time. Another doubleedged characteristic of most Americans is an affection for watching a small child playing nearby when it is merely a diversion to try to get at whatever valuables thieves can grab. During the latter half of the last century, airline hijacking by some politically driven fanatic with an overwhelming desire to go to a foreign airstrip someplace was all the rage. Studies were made on how to travel more safely when a psychotic killer is on board. The first rule was to avoid taking a shower at any time while on the plane. Since that was not usually a possibility, more realistic ideas were put into play to see if there were patterns to disassociated hijackers’ actions. Studies were done as to what part of the plane to sit in so as to be less likely a target the hijacker uses to make a point.
Basically, the studies agreed that if you could find the one seat in the entire plane that absolutely no one would ever choose because it is inconvenient, uncomfortable, and in the middle of the densest area of noisy children and nursing mothers, then you would know where to sit. Most professionals opt to take their chances travelling where the seats are more comfortable and they are less likely to have to endure a baby’s diaper change at 35,000 feet while two toddlers are grabbing their laptop case and stomping on their feet at the same time. Being gray, though, while traveling through airports and on aircraft is a little simpler than it may seem at first. Be smart and spend as little time outside the restricted area of a terminal as possible. In theory, at least, in the secure areas the only people with guns should be the law enforcement personnel. That is a plus if you cannot have your own on hand! Keeping your credit cards and documents that have radio frequency (RF) technology built in within some type of radio frequency identification (RFID) protective sleeve is also a plus. If a traveler can remain as luggage-free and as conversation-free as possible, they can travel in the gray zone. The gray man is focused on those around him and his own well being. Seasoned travelers can tell you that just by sitting and listening, as people talk loudly into their phones or Bluetooth headsets, it is easy to spot those who are the ones who are the high level businessmen: they are focused on everything going on in their conversation and no attention at all is paid to their briefcase or bags. A perpetrator can follow one of those into the washroom as they continue their obviously-too-importantto-stop-for-five-minutes phone call and walk out with a wallet, passport, and maybe a fresh set of undershorts, if they’re quick enough! Not only that, but in
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 57
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their phone conversations they will say where they are headed and where they are staying. A thief with connections will have someone waiting for this high roller before his plane ever touches down in whatever city. Going gray is more about a mental attitude of preparedness and situational awareness than all of the tactics and contingency planning. Tactics and planning are vital to the success of a gray man option but without the new PMA— prepared mental attitude—it won’t matter how positive you are. Be smart; use your head. Think before you speak and before you act. Then and only then will you show the kind of wisdom that a gray head of hair reflects.
•
About the author Dr. Ross L. Riggs is the director and owner of Security Consulting Investigations, LLC. A retired Chief of Police, a member of the FBI National
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The Importance of Tactical Medical Training
for Patrol 61 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 61
By Nick Perna
Law enforcement is an ever-evolving profession. This is particularly true with how we deal with traumatic injuries in the field. When I first started fifteen years ago, we didn’t do a whole lot when dealing with injured persons other than fellow cops.
T
his was due to a variety of reasons. Primarily, we didn’t have the training. Basic first aid taught in the academy was about the extent of the average cop’s medical training. We didn’t have the equipment, either. We had first aid kits in the backs of our cars, but they had been so badly pilfered over the years that there wasn’t generally anything useful
in them. Even when they were fully stocked, they didn’t contain the type of equipment used to treat major trauma. The first homicide I went to, a gunshot victim inside of a car, another officer and I tried to use the contents of our combined vehicle first aid kits to treat him. The victim had the top of his head blown off by the bullet and was inevitably
U.S. Air Force Staff Sgt. Rachel Kennedy packs an individual first aid kit at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar. Photo by: Staff Sgt. Ciara Wymbs
62 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
going to die. That being said, the only thing we had to treat him with was a 4x4 dressing, a small patch of sterilized cloth you would use to cover up a BandAid-sized wound. We sat in the car with the victim until an ambulance arrived, fearing if we abandoned him we’d be in trouble. We didn’t want to get into legal trouble by performing some unauthorized
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 62
IFAK issued to students. Photos by: John Cowart
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 63
medical act that would get us fired, sued, or put in jail. Finally, the culture at the time didn’t necessarily support it. We didn’t consider it to be our job and thought that providing medical aid would only get us in trouble. I remember once, as a new cop, performing a basic C Spine control on a car crash victim only to get admonished later by a sergeant for “putting hands” on someone and opening myself and the department up to liability. It’s different today. We’re expected to try to render aid in some way. The days of watching someone bleed out are over. We now receive training and equipment to better deal with these situations. Recently, my department sent every officer to a one-day tactical medicine course taught by the International |School of Medicine. The two instructors we had were Dr. Lawrence Heiskell and Matt Willette. Dr. Heiskell is an ER doctor, police officer and SWAT Team doctor. Matt is a former Green Beret and experienced law enforcement officer. Together, they provided an informative class based on their training and experiences. Their approach was based on not only what they have experienced in their careers but also on lessons learned in the War On Terror. Whereas the old emphasis was on basic ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation), the new focus is on controlling bleeding. In combat, bleeding is the #1 killer. The same can be said of someone getting shot on the street. Other than CPR, there isn’t a whole lot a law enforcement first responder can do for someone not breathing. More advanced intervention techniques administered by paramedics and doctors are required. There is however, a lot that can be done for someone who is bleeding profusely and is going to die from it if not treated. The instructors taught a no-nonsense
64 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
First focus was getting the victim to safety and not becoming a casualty yourself.
approach to stemming bleeding in tactical environments. First focus was getting the victim to safety and not becoming a casualty yourself. This tactical consideration is often glossed over or not even discussed in some tactical medicine courses. This is unfortunate because it is potentially the most important aspect of lifesaving under fire. It then shifted to rapid assessment and treatment of bleeding and injuries such as a pneumothorax. In a pneumothorax, the victim suffers an injury to the chest, causing the plural sac (think the bag containing the lungs) fills with air or blood. This condition can cause rapid death if not treated and is often overlooked or not even discussed in many first aid classes. Both instructors added some good real life examples from their own jobs. Dr. Willette discussed traumatic injuries he
A fully stocked IFAK is an essential part of an officer’s basic combat load. Photo by: John Cowart
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 65
Pfc. Derek Romano, a radio and telephone operator, hooks the end of an emergency trauma bandage in place after wrapping it on the forearm during an Individual First Aid Kit refresher class. Photo by: U.S. federal government
had treated in the ER. Matt brought up some real world injuries he had suffered on the job, ranging from slashing attacks to gunshot wounds. Further instruction came in the form of videos from Iraq and Afghanistan, where much of the current experience has been garnered on treating combat-related injuries.
66 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
Each student was issued a complete individual first aid kit (IFAK) as part of the course. It is designed to be attached to a gun belt or tactical vest. It contains items mainly used to control bleeding, such as trauma dressings and tourniquets. The kits were also supposed to contain 14-gauge catheters used to treat
The issued IFAK was definitely a “go to war” kit.
pneumothorax injuries. Unfortunately, these had been pulled from the kits due to a liability concern stemming from an officer’s use of one to save a suspect’s life during an officer-involved shooting. To make a long story short, it boils down to a disagreement between the medical community and the law enforcement community about what level of care cops can provide in life-or-death situations when medics aren’t available. Bottom line: it is a petty argument that needs to be resolved soon before an officer dies pointlessly. The issued IFAK was definitely a “go to war” kit. It wasn’t filled with items designed for treating little cuts and
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scrapes. Make no mistake, it wasn’t a first aid kit. Its contents were designed to treat penetrating wounds and major injuries. As a sign of their commitment, the instructors agreed to replace any items used in exchange for being able to talk about how the officers applied them while teaching their classes. A fully stocked IFAK is an essential part of an officer’s basic combat load Fast forward to one week later. Two rookie officers in my agency were dispatched to a call of a subject with major bleeding from self-inflicted injuries. The bleeding was so heavy that the officers had to apply a pressure dressing and a tourniquet to stem the flow of blood. Without the training and IFAKs the subject may very well have bled to death. Chalk one up for the good guys.
So whether it be on the battlefield or a city street, we need to be prepared not only to fight but also to treat life threatening injuries.
•
about the author Nick Perna is a sergeant with the Redwood City Police Department in Northern California. He has spent much of his career as a gang and narcotics investigator and a SWAT Team leader. He previously served as a paratrooper in the U.S. Army and is a veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom. His assignments include being a medical platoon leader in charge of a team of medics with the 82nd Airborne. He has been certified as an EMT since 1996. He has a Master’s Degree from the University of San Francisco.
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Since 2005, SSI has taken nearly 500 First Responders to Israel and shown them the basics of the Israel security concept. Thanks in part to that program, we are better able to defend ourselves in the United States. In response to demand, we are now offering a once-in-a-lifetime experience covering the following advanced subjects: May 13–21
2016
Hezbollah - a threat as deadly as al-Qaeda - Learn about them in their own territory, along Israel’s northern border. Hostage Rescue - Discover how they go wrong. Hospital Response - Find out how Israel’s critical response hospitals handle surge and multi-casualty incidents. Israel Counter Terrorism units - Learn how they operate. Israel National Police - National Academy; See how they train? Sensitive Installations - Participate in a day-long exercise and training program in how to set up a complete security system. Secret Israel Homeland Security Simulator - See how this works at a base south of Tel Aviv.
Stay in Haifa, Tel Aviv and Jerusalem and visit some of the most amazing sites! Register now if you are US Military, a Homeland Security Professional, a Security Professional, an EMS, or an EMT.
www.homelandsecurityssi.com
LEARN MORE at: Call now for more information.
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The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 75
Save the Date
Tackling Global Security Threats June 7–9, 2016 Washington, DC Three of the leading organizations in global security: The Anti Money Laundering Association, (The AMLA) Quaynote Communications and Security Solutions International-SSI will be hosting the first Tackling Global Security Threats conference in Washington DC on June 7–9, 2016. Each organization will showcase best practices vital to tackling Global Threats for corporations. Besides their expertise, all three organizations are well known for their very successful conferences. Against a background of heightened tensions across the Globe this conference is imperative for corporations that are concerned with optimizing their response to the current environment.
76 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016
Who should attend? • Human Resources directors • Risk managers • Security directors and managers • Crisis management executives • Business continuity executives • Insurers, lawyers, medical, operational, travel and procurement professionals • AML or BSA executives • C-Suite executives
June 7 Corporate
Liability, Travel Risk & Duty of Care Conference
Day 1 organized by Quaynote Communications— will answer the question: What does it take to enhance corporate sustainability in high risk environments?
Day 1 is dedicated to examining issues of corporate liability and duty of care of organisations towards their employees, especially when sending them overseas to work. “It is often the C-Suite Executives who responsible for duty of care policy issues”, explained Lorna Titley, Director at Quaynote, “so we are therefore including a session targeting this group and asking the critical issue of whether effective risk mitigation can simultaneously address duty of care and protect the bottom line”.
June 8 Tactical and strategic responses
to Global Security Threats
Day 2 organized by Security Solutions International—will answer the question: How should corporate security departments react to complex physical and cyber security challenges
Day 2 will concentrate on new strategies for assessing risk and threat in a fast paced challenging environments by hearing from SSI partners, Israeli corporate security specialists. Red Teaming as a tactical tool will be examined for its contribution to auditing corporate security. In the second part of the day, former Special Forces operations personnel will speak about cyber security for the corporation. In addition, the value of having a social media targeting program will be discussed by one of the creators of the leading social media targeting platform.
Henry Morgenstern: +1-305-401-6906 contact@homelandsecurityssi.com
June 9 Organized by the AMLA—The
Anti Money Laundering Association
Day 3 The AMLA—this one day conference will
Lorna Titley: +1-604-538-3353 lorna@quaynote.ca
focus on the financial institution sector crimes such as money laundering, fraud, cyber threats, terrorist financing and more. This is a must for the AML, BSA and other professionals dealing with reporting unusual or suspect activity.
Mary Miele: 407-864-532 mary@theamla.com
The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 77
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Subscribe Today! I would like to subscribe to The Counter Terrorist Magazine!
q One year $34.99 Domestic q Two-year $64.99 Domestic q eZine $19.99 (International subscribers – must include email address) subscription information (please print clearly) NAME____________________________________________________________________ ADDRESS_________________________________________________________________ CITY_________________________ STATE________ZIP_____________________________ EMAIL____________________________________________________________________
q Payment Enclosed q Visa q MC q Amex q Discover q Check (Please make checks payable to Security Solutions International.) Name on Card______________________________ Card #__________________________
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Exp. Date_______________________ Billing Address______________________________
Free membership to the Homeland Security Network with every 78 The Counter Terrorist ~ December 2015/January 2016 subscription
Scan to subscribe go online to: www.thecounterterroristmag.com • Call us (866) 573-3999
New and improved
( portable vehicle barrier ) When Law Enforcement in Dallas wanted a product to protect the greatest sporting event in the US they chose SSI’s PVB. The reason the PVB is used by agencies and militaries across the globe is that it transfers the momentum of the threatening vehicle upwards and stops it in its tracks. Two adults can deploy the barrier in minutes, and there is no need for electricity whatsoever. The Portable Vehicle Barrier comes with several customized configurations: • You can put wheels on it so that it acts as a swing barrier and easily opens a road • You can toughen the line by adding anchoring cables or place the PVB’s in one single row or even three rows to stop anything • Additional safety features can be added PVBs can be folded down quickly –moved and stored with ease – the PVB is reusable and durable. Best of all NO maintenance is required. Made in the USA means jobs in the USA and supporting our national economy. Ordering is quick and easy allowing us to make the PVB available to your agencies immediately. Besides being the most cost effective barrier in the business today, the PVB is a VBIED killer. CALL NOW.
Call now for more information. Pricing dependent on quantity and delivery location. Call: (305) 401-6906 or email info@homelandsecurityssi.com
Or visit our website: www.SSIPVB.com
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