THE CRUST - ISSUE #6

C E Chief Editor Overview

Hello avid readers, and welcome to another edition of THE CRUST. Recently the numbers came up online, and we were able to see how well the countries fare regarding last year’s shrimp production. Ecuador is still dominating as the number one vannamei exporter in the world with its record production, followed by India, which still has a solid production base despite the recent plummet in global price. Other than these two countries, other contenders in the region are also trying to ramp up their shrimp industry. We see more and more Bangladesh-produced shrimps coming into the market. In addition, other Latin American countries are starting to produce and fill the global supply. Who knows which other country that will contend for the top spot?

While we were discussing this, a question came up. What happened to the state of the South East Asian shrimp industry? The region previously dominating the vannamei industry is now trailing behind just the two countries. Thailand, which used to be the champion in this sector, is now focusing on its niche market with its limited production. Despite its vast potential, Indonesia still needs to improve a lot to increase its production. Vietnam seems to be the only country in the region with its production sorted out, with more than half a million tons of output and solid local consumption. So it begs the question: How can SEA come back as the leading exporter of shrimp? Can SEA compete in the US market despite its clear disadvantage against Ecuador,

which is conveniently located next door? Will there be any efforts to open new markets to increase global demand? Do SEA countries need to work together to tackle these challenges? It seems like this will be a hot topic this year in this region. Especially with two big conferences, TARS and the new Shrimp Summit, focusing on addressing the matter this year. However, 2023 will present its own challenges and uncertainty to other countries outside the SEA region too. Such as: Can Ecuador and India maintain their impressive production or even increase it? Will there be new diseases coming from these regions? Will the global demand shrink further due to conflicts or other causes? Nobody knows what is coming this year, 2023, and it will be interesting as always. What we can do now is keep a lookout for updates, and focus on what we do best: farming.

Rizky Darmawan Chief Editor

FROM EAST TO WEST: THE IMPACT OF POST LARVAE SELECTION ON SHRIMP FARMING IN INDONESIA

The success of shrimp farming depends heavily on the quality of the shrimp larvae. To support farmers’ success, broodstock companies continuously improve the genetic makeup of shrimp broodstock. Recently, a type of strain has emerged with a superior ability to defend against diseases and survive in harsh conditions.

The Secretary General of the Indonesian Shrimp Breeding Communication Forum (FKPUI), Waiso, has divided superior varieties into two main groups: those tailored for fast growth and those tailored for high survival rates. While fast-growth PLs have a growth advantage, they are generally less resilient. Conversely, shrimp with high survival rates have better disease resistance but at the expense of slower growth rates. Both types of shrimp are currently utilized in the market.

Survival VS Growth

According to Waiso, it is important for shrimp farmers to understand the differences and advantages of each type of shrimp genetics to avoid choosing the wrong larvae. The industry veteran with 23 years of experience in the hatchery industry explains that generally, shrimp with high survival genetics are used as a possible solution for farms in red zones or locations severely prone to diseases. On the other hand, fastgrowth larvae are commonly used in green zone areas.

Frans Anthony, the owner of the PT. Maju Tambak Sumur (MTS) hatchery in Bandar Lampung expressed similar sentiments. Frans explains that the trend in shrimp breeding is shifting towards high resistance/ high survival due to the increasing number of diseases. In the western region of Indonesia, from Medan to West Java, AHPND has become endemic, and only a few pockets of areas remain disease-free. Even Padang, a relatively new production area, has been infiltrated by AHPND. “That’s why shrimp farmers must demand strong larvae from hatcheries, not just clean ones. Because SPF larvae (Specific Pathogen Free) do not guarantee their body’s resistance during culture,” said Frans, who has been in the hatchery business since 2000.

Frans notes that the demand for larvae is largely influenced by the collective mindset of shrimp farmers in the area. He gives an example that most shrimp farmers in the western region of Indonesia aren’t far from bankruptcy and cannot afford to fail. They

prioritize safety over profit and prefer less profit but higher chances of success. “That’s why more and more shrimp farmers in the western region appreciate larvae with strong resistance. As MTS hatchery has reached markets from Aceh to West Java, we are ready and capable of supplying high-resistance PL with improved resistance. The survival rate at our hatchery reaches 70-90% and can reach 80-100% in the pond,” claimed Frans.

The demand for shrimp post-larvae (PL) in western Indonesia is primarily dominated by resistant lines, while in eastern Indonesia, fast-growth varieties are preferred by farmers. Henry Wijaya, the owner of Prima Larvae Bali (PLB), attributes this preference toward fastgrowth PLs as they grow quicker, especially in better water conditions. Farmers should emphasize more on pond and water preparation prior to stocking. “One advantage of the fast growth genetic trait is that it shorterns the grow-out period. You can plan for an extra crop in a year if you can optimize the farm grow-out cycle using nursery system,” Henry acknowledges.

The Head of Marketing at PLB, Dindin Abdul Qodir, adds that in addition to being able to shorten the grow-out period, farmers in eastern Indonesia generally choose fast-growth shrimp post-larvaes because they are implementing more technological development in the shrimp farms. On the other hand, in western Indonesia, farmers may choose high-resistant shrimp post-larvaes because they need to adapt to the existing farm conditions. “At PLB, we tend to provide fast­growth shrimp post-larvaes that are free from all existing viruses and are derived from PLB’s own broodstock. Usually, farmers request a sample of the shrimp seed to be checked by PCR first. As a result, the survival rate can reach 70-80%, and we have achieved size 18 in 145 days of culture,” claims Dindin, whose shrimp seed marketing area covers Padang, Riau, Makassar, Karimun Jawa, East Java, West Java, Central Java, Madura, Luwuk, Palu, and Banjarmasin.”

Maximizing Shrimp Farming Success: Strategies for Genetic Type, Feeding Management,

and Biosecurity Measures in Post­larvae Management

Selecting shrimp post-larvae that are well-suited to their environmental zone is crucial for success in shrimp farming. However, applying a Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) optimized for the genetic type of the post-larvae used in the pond is also essential. According to Waiso, post-larvae with high resistance and those with fast growth require different handling procedures to achieve optimal performance. For example, high-resistance post-larvae require high protein feed (at

least 34%) because they eat slowly and need immediate protein and nutrient fulfillment for growth. Therefore, by tailoring handling procedures to the specific genetic types of the post-larvae, farmers can maximize their growth and survival rates, leading to more successful and profitable shrimp farming.

Frans also emphasizes the importance of proper feeding management for high-resistance post-larvae. He notes that these post-larvae have a fundamentally different growth pattern from those selected for fast growth. They are slow growers, and farmers must accept this fact to avoid overfeeding and wasting feed. Frans cautions that farmers who expect high average daily gains (ADG) will be tempted to overfeed their post-larvae, leading to uneaten food, water pollution, and ultimately, failed cultures or high feed conversion rates. “This is the first key to successful feeding management,” he explains.

Henry, a seasoned farmer, emphasizes the importance of selecting healthy post-larvae. He recommends conducting quality checks and ensuring the post-larvae are free from existing viruses before stocking them to the pond. Additionally, Henry advises farmers to carefully evaluate the hatchery’s biosecurity practices, as using local fresh feed has a high probability of contamination, especially considering the high prevalence of diseases in the water.

Prima Larvae Bali (PLB) implements strict SOPs and biosecurity, using only imported frozen worm and frozen squid for broodstock diet, prohibiting employees from going to the sea or beach, and restricting them from consuming seafood in the hatchery.

Frans also does several things in MTS to maintain the quality of his post-larvae. He explains that the MTS hatchery has been all-out seeking tough genetic strains since 2020. According to Frans, the toughness of the broodstock already appears in the hatchery. “The broodstock is handled a lot, and they can be moved from one tank to another several times a day. Normally, broodstock will shrink and die naturally. But, to our surprise, high-resistance broodstocks DON’T DIE, given the same con-

dition and handling! So this character of toughness and high survival mode is evidenced even during the mating phase in the hatchery,” he claims.

Finally, as a member of the association, Waiso emphasizes the importance of collaboration among all stakeholders in the shrimp farming industry. He believes that genetics, hatcheries, feed, and medicine providers should work together toward achieving success in shrimp cultivation. To achieve this, there should be a focus on the development of human resources in the pond, particularly the technicians who must stay up-to-date with the latest cultivation technologies. Waiso emphasizes that each shrimp’s genetics requires different handling, and it is the technician’s responsibility to understand these nuances. Waiso concludes by emphasizing that success in shrimp cultivation relies heavily on the industry’s human resources, who must be willing to change their mindset and adapt to new technologies and practices.

Frans Anthony

Hatchery

Maju Tambak Sumur

Dindin Abdul Qodir

Waiso

FISH SCHOOL

Feeding Frequency and Timing

For feeding frequency, more is always better. Spreading your daily feeding time will allow all your stock to get fed and preserve your water quality by reducing nutrient spikes inside the water.

Farmers who feed manually feed their shrimps 3-5 times daily. Typical feeding time in farms across Indonesia is every 4 hours from 7 am to 11 pm. This is the traditional feeding method and the most understood, especially in older practitioners.

By using auto feeders, the feed can be distributed more often. Though this method is objectively better, some farmers are still struggling to switch due difficulty of moving from the “usual” way. We also found some cases where the farmer overfed the stock because they thought the feed was always finished whenever they checked. Though using auto feeders can increase your traditional FR, there are still limits to what an animal can ingest daily.

A practical way to start learning using auto feeders is to take the same amount of feed that one would give in a given feeding time and distribute it evenly so that the whole auto feeder tank will be finished before the next feeding time starts. This can be used as a trial before the farmer increases feed intake.

For Example:

At 11 am, the farmer is scheduled to give 20 Kg of feed to the pond, and the following feeding schedule is at 3 pm. The auto feeder can dispel 300 grams of feed per second it operates.

The farmer targets the feed to be fully distributed at least 1 hour before the next feeding. Finishing the whole batch takes 20.000 grams: 300 grams/ sec = 66,67 sec.

Feed Check Shrimp Feeding II

So in 3 hours or 180 minutes, the auto feeder must operate

67 seconds or times.

180 minutes / 67 = 2,7 minutes

In conclusion, set the auto feeder to operate for 1 second every 2,7 minutes, or round it up or down depending on the farmer’s preference, as long as it is finished before the following feeding schedule.

Most farmers use feed trays to gauge the feeding appetite of their shrimps. The feed trays are spread around the pond, usually using two feed trays at minimum. Though as we will explain below, feed checking will differ between manual feeding and auto feeders.

On manual feeding, farmers have to set their Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for how much feed they have to put into their tray and how long until they have to check. The SOP can range from 0,5%-2% feed put to the feed tray and one hour to two hours check time after feeding. The farmers must check the feed trays by the set time to see if any are left. This is crucial to gauge the shrimp’s appetite and maintain feeding efficiency. However, this becomes a problem when the farmer needs to check multiple ponds simultaneously. By the time they reach their final pond, the checking time would have shifted from the set target. The worst case that could happen in this system is when there is still feed left by the next feeding time. This is usually followed by cutting the feed amount or even stopping the feeding.

On Auto feeders, the checking SOP is less constricted. The farmer can check at any time because of the gradual feeding procedure. The shrimps should be fine as long as no feed is left at the subsequent feeding dispersion. But in cases where the stock refuses to be fed, farmers can simply turn off the auto feeders and salvage the remaining feed. By doing this, the farmers can reduce wasted costs due to uneaten feed.

live after a Indonesian Shrimp association decid developments is one of the industry, dedicat rising aqua events like industry peers President of PMI, aquaculture com industry players others. Besides started to up with this Mixscience has been Novation from solutions in one of that event is lagging in shrimp Ecuador. But shrimp in initiatives are be Andrew Wijaya the VIV Asia into the latest However, because exhibition, shrimp farms in first time VIV overwhelming inter excitement at the so long due every two great suc showcase their with their cus hours with food industry is not it still has Therefore, it is not the future, aquaculture forward to come.

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VIV ASIA 2023 REPORT

VIV Asia 2023 in Bangkok was finally held live after a long hiatus due to Covid-19. The Young Indonesian Shrimp Farmers (Petambak Muda Indonesia/PMI) association decided to join the event to keep up with the latest developments in recent news and technology. The event, which is one of the largest expos in the world for the livestock industry, dedicated about 20% of its booths to accommodate the rising aquaculture sector.

“PMI recognized the importance of attending events like VIV, as they provide opportunities for meeting industry peers and potential business partners,” says the President of PMI, Rizky Darmawan.

VIV had a special section dedicated to aquaculture companies, and PMI representatives met with industry players such as Blue Aqua, DSM, DVAqua, and many others. Besides these companies, many other industry players started to develop their aquaculture product lines to keep up with this rising industry. For instance, France’s Mixscience has been developing a product to combat EHP, while Novation from Spain has been testing their aquaculture solutions in one of the notable shrimp farms in Madura, East Java.

One pressing issue that PMI realized at that event is that the Southeast Asian region has been lagging in shrimp production development compared to India and Ecuador. But luckily, there are efforts underway to revive the shrimp industry in the area, and several events and initiatives are being planned this year to address this issue.

Rizky Darmawan and his fellows, namely Andrew Wijaya and Denny Leonardo, who represented PMI at the VIV Asia 2023, claim that they gained valuable insights into the latest developments in the aquacul-

ture industry. However, because of time constraints and the massive size of the exhibition, PMI didn’t have the opportunity to visit any shrimp farms in Thailand.

According to Rizky, this year marked the first time VIV was held post-Covid, and there was an overwhelming interest in attending the event. Participants’ excitement at the event was palpable after being separated for so long due to the pandemic. The event, which is usually held every two years, was finally able to take place this year with great success.

“The expo allowed big companies to showcase their achievements and open large booths to meet with their customer base. Many booths even offered happy hours with food and drinks to attract visitors,” he adds.

Rizky says that although the aquaculture industry is not yet as large or mature as the livestock industry, it still has the potential to become just as important. Therefore, it is not impossible that we can see events as big as VIV in the future, but with a greater focus on aquaculture. The aquaculture industry has enormous potential, and PMI looks forward to seeing its growth and success in the years to come.

VIV Asia Will be Back in 2025

In the three-day event, VIV Asia 2023 successfully facilitated face-to-face interactions, networking, knowledge-sharing, and a lively marketplace

for B2B international business (8-10 March 2023).

The VIV press release informs that the event has welcomed 47,527 visitors from 112 countries, maintaining stable attendance and even slightly exceeding the previous edition. Despite the global circumstances and the past three long years of Covid-19 restrictions, the show’s international appeal for the Feed to Food industry remained evident, confirming its significance as a world expo.

“VIV Asia is the first VIV show in 2023, and it represents – and rightfully so – our goal to connect the markets and enhance industry trade both locally and globally,” stated Managing Director of VIV Worldwide, Birgit Horn.

With more than 120 sessions spread over three days, attendees could gain a comprehensive understanding of industry insights, technologies, and best practices. The Aquatic Asia Conference, organized by International Aquafeed of Perendale Publications and VIV, also featured a variety of industry experts with captivating presentations on the latest in fish and shrimp nutrition.

Looking ahead, VIV Asia will return on 12-14 March 2025, carrying on the tradition of providing a premier platform for the animal protein industry to connect, learn, and innovate. VIV Asia will undoubtedly be another landmark event worldwide, with a solid commitment to delivering a top-quality trade show and knowledge programs.

THE CRUST - AB, UTE, RIZKY

VIV Asia 2023 in Bangkok was finally after a long hiatus due to Covid-19. The Young donesian Shrimp Farmers (Petambak Muda nesia/PMI) association decided to join the to keep up with the latest developments news and technology. The event, which is one largest expos in the world for the livestock try, dedicated about 20% of its booths to accommo

“PMI recognized the importance of events like VIV, as they provide opportunities meeting industry peers and potential partners,” says the President of PMI, Rizky

VIV had a special section dedicated to ture companies, and PMI representatives industry players such as Blue Aqua, DSM, and many others. Besides these companies, other industry players started to develop aquaculture product lines to keep up with ing industry. For instance, France’s Mixscience been developing a product to combat EHP, Novation from Spain has been testing their culture solutions in one of the notable

One pressing issue that PMI realized event is that the Southeast Asian region lagging in shrimp production development pared to India and Ecuador. But luckily, efforts underway to revive the shrimp industry the area, and several events and initiatives ing planned this year to address this issue.

Rizky Darmawan and his fellows, namely drew Wijaya and Denny Leonardo, who represent ed PMI at the VIV Asia 2023, claim that they valuable insights into the latest developments the aquaculture industry. However, because constraints and the massive size of the exhibition, PMI didn’t have the opportunity to visit any

According to Rizky, this year marked time VIV was held post-Covid, and there overwhelming interest in attending the event. ticipants’ excitement at the event was palpable ter being separated for so long due to the ic. The event, which is usually held every two was finally able to take place this year with

“The expo allowed big companies to showcase their achievements and open large booths with their customer base. Many booths fered happy hours with food and drinks

Rizky says that although the aquaculture dustry is not yet as large or mature as the industry, it still has the potential to become important. Therefore, it is not impossible can see events as big as VIV in the future, but greater focus on aquaculture. The aquaculture dustry has enormous potential, and PMI looks ward to seeing its growth and success in

In the three-day event, VIV Asia 2023 fully facilitated face-to-face interactions, ing, knowledge-sharing, and a lively marketplace for B2B international business (8-10 March The VIV press release informs that the event

Photo source : THE CRUST

Seafood Expo North America is always a good time. Customers, suppliers, partners & old friends come around to catch up, discuss what’s new in the industry & try to chart a course ahead for the year. The big question on everyone’s minds this year is “What is in it for shrimp?” It is no secret that the last 6 months have been a miserable one for shrimp. Increased production from Ecuador & India combined with weak demand has mean that there is a glut of shrimp out there.

One interesting thing is that the market fell so fast that importers HAD to continue buying or they would be left with absurdly priced inventory. EZP 16/20 was trading at USD5.305.50/lb before June 2022. By August, it was at 3.70. Any importer who did not continue to buy would be facing massive losses. Is this a good thing? The only thing for sure is that there is a lot of shrimp around.

The trouble is the volatility on the smaller sizes which come into the market much faster than the big. Prices have somewhat stabilised in the US so importers with smaller sizes in inventory should not lose too much money (assuming they planned their purchasing well). Larger sizes only came into play very recently out of Ecuador so prices did not move downward so much in the past 3­4 months & every firmed up a little.

Something the rest of the world might want to take notice on is the fact that in January 2023, Indian & Indonesian exports of shrimp to the US DECREASED by 17­19%

While Ecuadorian exports to the US INCREASED by 17% over the same period. Who’s going to eat all this shrimp?

Americans on average consume 5 pounds of shrimp per year. Even if we increase this by 20%, 1 pound per American, that is only about 160,000MT of finished product extra. About 10% of Ecuadors projected production yearly.

The industry needs to keep a watch on their production numbers. For now, China seems to be buying consistently. If anything happens to that market we are in some serious trouble.

THE CRUST MIDA

Tidbits from Seafood Expo North America held in Boston 12-14 March 2023.

Protect your profits

Mitigate risk through mycotoxin deactivation

In addition to rising feed costs, mycotoxins further impact profitability by impairing growth performance and health status. The risk is never zero. Mycotoxin risk management is the insurance policy to secure feed quality and safety, whilst optimizing productivity.

If not us, who? If not now, when? WE MAKE IT POSSIBLE

MEASURING THE PROSPECT OF MONODON AND VANNAMEI SHRIMP IN INDONESIA

Since introduced to Indonesia’s Shrimp Farmers in 2001, the cultivation of the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is still going strong today. Vannamei, which is native to the Pacific Ocean, has many advantages, including having a high survival rate, available SPF fry, able to be domesticated, the ability to live in high density, higher resistance to disease, and lower FCR. Moreover, vannamei shrimp has a steady and mature market with very high absorption, so the concern for demand can be described as minor to none.

Speaking about the shrimp cultivation business in Indonesia, it is impossible not to mention the native shrimp species of Indonesia, known as the black tiger or tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). There was a period when monodon became a very profitable export commodity and dominated the shrimp cultivation business in Indonesia. However, due to severe disease problems, the cultivation of monodon diminished. Today, monodon cultivation begins to rise again, although most of them are not in Indonesia.

The Global Market of Monodon and Vannamei

Discussing about the vannamei and monodon market, Irwan Tandiah from Benur Top, a company based in Aceh that supplies vannamei and monodon shrimp postlarvae, gave his view: “The easiest way to distinguish the market for vannamei and monodon is that vannamei has been considered as a ‘commodity product,’ while monodon is widely considered as a ‘premium’ or ‘niche’ product.”

Irwan explained that in the past 2 years, due to the Covid-19 Pandemic, the absorption rate of vannamei in importing countries has decreased quite significantly. Covid-19 Pandemic resulted in lower purchasing power and changes in market behavior, which did not help the shrimp industry. The direct effect is the negative trend of shrimp selling prices, and it has been happening in the global market from 2019 to early 2023.

On the other hand, according to Irwan, monodon always has its own place in the international market. This was also confirmed by Gemilang Lim, Chief of SCI West Kalimantan, he said that monodon cultivation has its own unique potential compared to Vannamei, which is currently the main shrimp species cultivated in the world and in Indonesia’s shrimp cultivation business. “Until now, monodon still has its own market. For example, in Singapore, a lot of premium restaurants still use monodon for their premium shrimp menu,” Gemilang said.

The basic characteristics of monodon include a more striking pigment, sweeter taste, chewier texture, and relatively larger size, making it attractive for quality-conscious markets such as Japan, South Korea, and Europe. “The downside is that the market for monodon is still very limited. Importing countries with strong purchasing power, such as the United States and China, have not yet been too interested in monodon, it is because the market behavior of those countries is more price sensitive,” explained Irwan.

Cultivation Management Comparison

Explaining shrimp cultivation management, Wayan Agus Edhy, a Shrimp Farming Consultant from Indonesia, said that monodon cultivation now uses an extensive cultivation method with total farm areas that can reach as large as tens of hectares. The stocking density splits into three categories, which are extensive (up to 5 shrimps per sqm), Semi-intensive (5 to 10 shrimps per sqm), and Intensive (10 to 50 shrimps per sqm). “However, intensive monodon farming is very rare today because the stocking density cannot reach the level as high as in vannamei farming, and also, the productivity rate is only one-third of the vannamei farming. Maybe because of these reasons, shrimp cultivation entrepreneurs pre-

Gemilang lim

Irwan Tandiah

fer vannamei farming to monodon,” explained Wayan.

One of the factors why monodon cannot be cultivated with high stocking density is its high cannibalistic nature. This is the reason why its productivity rate is lower compared to vannamei. “Therefore, feed for monodon tends to have higher protein content (38-42%) than feed for vannamei (28-35%). Obviously, higher protein content means that monodon production costs tend to be higher,” he claimed.

Even though the cultivation productivity rate is still less attractive compared to vannamei, Wayan does not deny the possibility of monodon farming rising again in Indonesia. However, he views that management-wise monodon farming will stick to traditional and semi-intensive cultivation methods with low stocking densities. Furthermore, he advised making sure monodon shrimp postlarvae meet several requirements, such as SPF, SPR, fast growth, and less cannibalistic. This is to prevent repeating the disease problems that happened to monodon a few years ago.

This is justified by Irwan; according to him, what has always been an obstacle is the availability of quality and reliable monodon postlarvae. Related to this, Irwan claims that his company has been able to provide genetically sound black tiger shrimp SPF and F1. “And it seems to have potential because the demand for monodon shrimp fry is increasing day by day,” claimed the man born in Aceh.

Return of The Monodon?

According to Irwan, the demand for monodon shrimp fry in Indonesia is always there, especially in several areas that are ‘fanatical’ to monodons, such as North Kalimantan, Aceh, and several areas of Sulawesi Island. Although he also admitted, the growth in demand for SPF F1 monodon shrimp fry is still slow because now farmers still want to see the proof of how the new genetics improve the productivity rate.

Meanwhile, according to Gemilang, currently, in West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan, the monodon farming business is starting to rise again even though the size is still very small. This young farmer said that he met Yong Kiang, the hatchery manager of PT. Pulau Mas Khatulistiwa, who is running a monodon hatchery business with a total capacity of 30 million shrimp fry per month. However, according to Yong Kiang, the business turns out to have not been able to run at full capacity because the demand is still very small.

For the North Kalimantan region, Gemilang said the location of monodon cultivation is mostly in Tarakan City, which in size and scale is still very small. “According to Yong Kiang, recently there was a visit from a monodon farmer to the hatchery; this monodon farmer said that his farm needs around 200 to 300 thousand black monodon fry per month,” explained Gemilang, who started his shrimp cultivation business in 2014.

Globally, the market potential of monodon shrimp is huge. Irwan added, according to Seafood Source, China has the potential to become a large importer of monodon, and it can be seen from the transactions that have been underway, where China consistently imports monodon from India and Vietnam. “Well, for countries that are currently competing to develop monodon shrimp, there are India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia,” explained Irwan.

So, what about Indonesia? According to Gemilang, in order for monodon to be more popular in the aquaculture industry, there are still some works that first must be completed, such as increasing efficiency and developing a modern cultivation method. Whereas, according to Irwan, the development of monodon farming can be initiated with the principle of ‘Slowly but Surely’, so we do not repeat the mistakes that are lately happening in vannamei farming, which are overly-dense stocking and ignoring biosecurity.

Yoga is an ancient practice that originated in India over 5,000 years ago. It combines physical, mental, and spiritual disciplines that aim to promote overall health and well-being. The method involves different postures or asanas, breathing techniques or pranayama, and meditation or relaxation techniques.

Over the years, yoga has become increasingly popular worldwide as people have recognized its numerous benefits. In this month’s Breaktime, we will explore some of the benefits of doing yoga.

Reduced stress and anxiety

Yo ga .

One of the most significant benefits of yoga is improved flexibility and strength. Practicing yoga regularly can help you become more flexible by stretching your muscles and improving your range of motion. Many yoga poses, such as the downward dog, forward fold, and triangle pose, focus on stretching different parts of the body, such as the hamstrings, hips, and shoulders.

Additionally, yoga can help build strength by using your own body weight. Many poses, such as the plank, chaturanga, and warrior poses, focus on strengthening different muscles, such as the arms, core, and legs.

Improved mental health

Another significant benefit of yoga is its ability to reduce stress and anxiety. Yoga involves a combination of breathing techniques, meditation, and relaxation, all of which help calm the mind and promote relaxation. For example, the practice of deep breathing, known as pranayama, has been shown to activate the parasympathetic nervous system, which helps the body relax and reduces stress.

Furthermore, practicing yoga regularly can help reduce cortisol, the stress hormone, in the body. This can lead to decreased anxiety and a feeling of calmness and relaxation.

Improved cardiovascular health

Practicing yoga regularly can also have a positive impact on cardiovascular health. Many yoga poses involve moving the body in a way that increases heart rate and promotes circulation. This can help improve cardiovascular health and decrease the risk of heart disease.

Furthermore, yoga has been shown to decrease blood pressure in individuals with hypertension, a cardiovascular disease risk factor. Therefore, practicing yoga regularly can help reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and improve overall heart health.

Improved immune function

Finally, yoga can help improve immune function. Yoga has been shown to decrease inflammation in the body, which can lead to improved immune function. Additionally, the practice of yoga has been shown to increase the production of antibodies, which can help fight infection and illness.

In conclusion, practicing yoga regularly can have numerous benefits for both physical and mental health. From improving flexibility and strength to reducing stress and anxiety, yoga can help promote overall health and well-being. However, if you are new to yoga, it is important to start slowly and work with a qualified instructor to ensure you are practicing safely and effectively.

THE CRUST - RIZKY

Shrimp is love Shrimp is life

The more I know, the more I realize how little I understand. So stay humble and keep on learning.

IN CRUST WE TRUST

I probably be up in the sky, deep in the sea, exploring the unknown, or building a shrimp farm

My secret to joy in life is in finding balance. Balance in family, sweating, and making decisions.

Denny Leonardo Rizky Darmawan

Cynthia Darmawan Gemilang Lim

Rosebay Unit A101, Graha Famili, Blok W, Pradahkalikendal, Kec. Dukuhpakis

Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60227, Indonesia

leading to uneaten food, water pollution, and ultimately, failed cultures or high feed conversion rates. “This is the first key to successful feeding management,” he explains. Henry, a seasoned farmer, emphasizes the importance of selecting healthy postlarvae. He recommends conducting quality checks and ensuring that the postlarvae are free from existing viruses before introducing them to the pond. Additionally, Henry advises farmers to carefully evaluate the hatchery’s biosecurity practices, as using local feed has a high probability of introducing contamination, especially considering the high prevalence of diseases in water bodies.

To promote biosecurity, Henry founded PLB in 2011, headquartered in Bali. The company implements strict SOPs, including the use of imported worm and squid feed for broodstock, prohibiting employees from going to the sea or beach, and restricting them from consuming sea fish in the hatchery. As a result, PLB has achieved a stocking density of up to 300 individuals per liter, ensuring a healthy and sustainable shrimp culture.

Frans also does several things in MTS to maintain the quality of his postlarvae. He explains that MTS hatchery has been all­out seeking tough genetic strains since 2020. According to Frans, the toughness of the broodstock already appears in the hatchery. “The broodstock is handled a lot, and they can be moved from one tank to another several times a day. Normally, broodstock will shrink and die naturally. To our surprise, high resistance broodstocks DON’T DIE given the same condition and handling! So this character of toughness and high survival mode is evidenced even during the mating phase in the hatchery,” he claims.

Finally, as a member of the association, Waiso emphasizes the importance of collaboration among all stakeholders in the shrimp farming industry. He believes that genetics, hatcheries, feed, and medicine providers should work together towards achieving success in shrimp cultivation. To achieve this, there should be a focus on the development of human resources in the pond, particularly the technicians who must stay up­to­date with the latest cultivation technologies. Waiso emphasizes that each shrimp genetics requires different handling, and it is the technician’s responsibility to understand these nuances. Waiso concludes by emphasizing that success in shrimp cultivation relies heavily on the industry’s human resources who must be willing to change their mindset and adapt to new technologies and practices.