Breast Cancer Awareness 2019

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Spread the HOPE, find the CURE

SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE DAILY REPUBLIC • OCTOBER 2019

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October 2019

Breast cancer survivor reflects on fight against disease

By Erik Kaufman The Daily Republic

Over a decade ago, Stacy Morgan was diagnosed with breast cancer. She faced it head on, and underwent a mastectomy and reconstruction before returning to her teaching position at L.B. Williams Elementary School in Mitchell.

Today, she is an 11-year cancer survivor. And as such, she continues to encourage those who receive a similar diagnosis to remain vigilant about their health, to learn their family history and lean on others for support when the going gets rough.

Morgan spoke recently with The Daily Republic about her experience battling cancer and the tools it takes to overcome the deadly disease as part of a special section marking Breast Cancer Awareness Month, which is observed annually in October.

“Things are good,” Morgan said of her health today, though the memory of when things were much more uncertain are still fresh in her memory. She knows how overwhelming receiving a diagnosis can be, and hopes those who are facing what she faced years ago will take the time to properly process the information as it comes at them.

“My biggest advice is always to slow down, take a breath and don’t make any hasty decisions,” Morgan said. “Weigh your options.”

There will be a flood of information coming at new patients from all angles, she said, and it’s important to parse that information and make sure they are receiving solid advice from doctors.

“Make sure you’re comfortable with your doctor,” Morgan said.

New patients may be tempted to seek out their own information through the internet. While a wealth of useful information can be found online, Morgan stresses that a new patient’s first resource for information on the disease and its treatment should come from trusted medical professionals. They will be best equipped to give advice on a patient’s specific condition and their treatment.

“Seek advice from professionals, and try to stay away from the internet,”

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Submitted Photo

Stacy Morgan, center, a teacher at L.B. Williams Elementary in Mitchell, is marking 11 years as a breast cancer survivor this year. She is pictured, from left to right, with husband Scott, son Connor, daughter Payton and son Cole.

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Morgan said. “Everyone’s story is different, so you have to trust health care professionals and trust them to make the best decisions.”

The process of treatment can begin with diagnosis, and a diagnosis can come faster if people pay attention to their bodies and undergo regular health checkups and cancer screenings, she said. Morgan said she suspected there was something wrong with her for some time before her diagnosis, but she failed to act on it.

She stresses others should not follow that example.

“I advise every woman to have a mammogram yearly after the age of 40. I tell people to listen to your bodies. I knew for about 10 years that something was wrong with me and I bounced from doctor to doctor,” Morgan said. “Follow through on everything.”

Along with regular screenings, she said doing genetic research for potential mutations that can cause cancer can be beneficial, both for the individual and their family, as well.

“It allows you to take some safeguards for yourself and you know your own risk,” Morgan said. “And my children are becoming adults. They need to know.”

Morgan underwent the process many cancer patients go through. She

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fought her way through chemotherapy and endured surgery and the healing process that comes with it. But in the end, she said she didn’t do it by herself.

A supportive backbone of family and friends can make the battle that much easier, and it’s something anyone can do.

“I had so much help,” Morgan said.

Of course, her family was there for support. Friends helped transport and care for her kids when it was needed. Her fellow faculty members at L.B. Williams made meals for her.

“The last thing you feel like doing on chemo is cooking,” Morgan said.

Just letting someone going through those struggles know that they’re not alone can make a huge difference. Sometimes, there doesn’t even need to be conversation.

“Being there and listening and lending that if you want it. My friends would come and just sit with me,” Morgan said.

A battle against breast cancer — or any kind of cancer — can be won, she said. Start with vigilance and body awareness to speed diagnosis, listen to your doctors when you seek treatment and lean on your support system when the fight seems to go forever. Every step can make a difference.

And while she said her health is good, she continues the fight to this day, 11 years on.

“I have check ups every six months, and I’ll have those for the rest of my life,” Morgan said. “I’m just thankful for every little thing.”

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October 2019

The facts about thyroid cancer The American Society of Clinical Oncology estimates that more than 50,000 American adults will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer this year. In 2017, an estimated 7,000 Canadians were diagnosed with thyroid cancer, according to the Canadian Cancer Society.

Thyroid cancer is more common than people might know and is the sixth leading cancer among women. In fact, women are three times more likely to have thyroid cancer than men. However, thyroid cancer mortality rates are similar for men and women.

Thyroid cancer is very treatable. Depending on the type and stage at diagnosis, the five-year survival rate for thyroid cancer is as high as 98 percent.

The endocrine disorder resource Endocrine Web says thyroid cancer can occur at any time but is diagnosed more often in people age 30 and older.

Thyroid cancer forms in the thyroid gland, which is located in the front part of the neck below the thyroid cartilage, or what would be the Adam’s apple in men. The American Cancer Society says, in most instances, the butterfly-shaped thyroid cannot be seen or felt. The thyroid is instrumental in regulating many bodily functions, including metabolism and how the body uses calcium. The thyroid also controls one’s heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature.

The Mayo Clinic says that although thyroid cancer is not common in the United States, rates seem to be on the rise. This spike could be attributed to recently developed technology can now detect smaller thyroid cancers early on.

Typically, thyroid cancer causes no signs or symptoms in its early stages.

Over time, thyroid cancer may lead to: ► a lump in the neck that can be felt through the skin ► changes to the voice ► difficulty swallowing ► pain in the neck and throat ► and swollen lymph nodes A lump alone is not indicative of cancer, as many people can have thy-

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roid nodules thought to be tumors. Biopsy can determine which lumps are benign and which are cancerous.

Thyroid cancers are grouped into different types, according to ACS. Papillary cancer: These grow very slowly and usually develop in only one lobe of the thyroid gland.

Follicular cancer: This is the next most common type, and it generally affects those who do not get enough iodine in their diets.

Hurthle cell cancer: This is a less common type of cancer that is difficult to find and treat.

Medullary thyroid cancer: This type of cancer develops from the C cells of the thyroid used in calcium control.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer: This is another rare form of cancer, and it can develop from another existing thyroid cancer. The cancer cells will not look like normal thyroid cells.

Not much is known about the causes of thyroid cancer. Exposure to high levels of radiation, inherited genetic syndromes and gender are the biggest risk factors. Removing the thyroid or standard cancer treatments can be successful in treating the disease.

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October 2019

Learn to make mammograms more comfortable

Mammograms remain one of the best methods to detecting breast cancers, giving women the opportunity to start treatment early if cancer is detected. In countries with early access to quality screening and treatment, breast cancer survival rates are now greater than 80 percent.

The organization Mammography Saves Lives says that, since 1990, mammography has helped reduce breast cancer mortality in the United States by 40 percent. Mammograms usually take around 20 minutes.

During a traditional mammogram, a woman’s breast is placed between two plates. One plate holds the breast in place, while the other takes images, and the breasts must be compressed to get clear pictures of breast tissue. Some women find the process to be uncomfortable.

Even though mammograms can be essential parts of preventive healthcare, many women avoid them because of pain and other discomfort. However, women should not put off mammograms because they are worried about discomfort. There are many ways to avoid pain during mammograms that can

make the entire experience more comfortable. ► Schedule the mammogram for a week after a menstrual period when hormonal swings are less likely to increase breast sensitivity. ► Caffeine can make the breasts more tender.

Reducing caffeine consumption for two weeks before the mammogram can help. ► Keep your feet and trunk facing forward and simply turn your head at the mammogram machine. ► Reduce tension by breathing deeply a few times before the procedure.

► Try a pain reliever before the mammogram. ► Ask the mammography center if it has padding, as cushioning between the breasts and the plates of the mammogram machine can reduce pain.

By taking these steps, women may be more comfortable during mammograms, which can play a vital role in the detection and ultimate treatment of breast cancer.

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October 2019

Breakthroughs in imaging technologies can help fight cancer Doctors and patients have many different tools available in the war against cancer. Imaging is one of the essential resources used in such battles.

Imaging helps screen and diagnose cancer and can be used to guide treatments and determine the efficacy of various therapies. Therefore, advancements in imaging can have profound effects on the ability to manage — and hopefully in the future — prevent or cure the disease.

The goal of cancer imaging is to detect the smallest possible number of tumor cells at the earliest possible time. Traditionally, X-ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography have been utilized as key cancer imaging techniques. These technologies are being studied and advancing.

Imaging probes are one area of imaging worthy of attention. The Center for Probe Development and Commercialization, a supplier of radiopharmaceuticals, is developing the next generation of molecular imaging probes. They are designed to detect responses to chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. CPDC also has started to manufacture another probe designed to identify hypoxic tumors.

These probes work on a molecular level, according to data published in 2013 in the International Journal of Biomedical Imaging. Molecular imaging has the potential to greatly enhance understanding of various cancers.

Another cancer imaging and evaluation tool that is being produced and tested is called the MasSpec Pen, which enables a controlled and automated delivery of a water droplet to a tissue surface during tumor surgery or diagnostic exploration to extract biomolecules. The sample taken can immediately tell if cancer cells are present and distinguish tumors from healthy tissue.

Imaging has merged nanotechnology and conventional imaging tools with new developments.

These technologies are still in the testing phase.

Novel diagnostic probes with nanoparticles can improve imaging results. A 2018 review paper published in the Journal of Controlled Release looked at how nanotechnology could improve the imaging and treatment of lung cancer. For example, gold nanoparticles work better than iodine-based agents for CT imaging. Similarly, superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles can be utilized with MRI for the ultra-sensitive reactions they produce.

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hensive solution that allows radiation oncology departments to integrate MRI into their computed tomography-based radiation treatment planning.

In addition to the imaging evolution itself, researchers have realized the limitations of the human eye to discern abnormalities or small changes from images collected. Therefore, technological advancements are enabling artificial intelligence to look for key signs in images and correlate changes to the aggressiveness of the disease. This can improve treatment success rates and reduce the chances for human oversight.

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October 2019

Understanding ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer accounts for about 3 percent of all cancers in women, says the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Despite such relatively small incidence rates, ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system.

Gynecologic cancers are any that affect the female reproductive system, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. Ovarian cancers were previously believed to originate only in the ovaries, which are the two reproductive glands in women that produce eggs for reproduction. However, the American Cancer Society notes that recent evidence suggests that many ovarian cancers actually may start in the cells in the far ends of the fallopian tubes.

The ovaries are the main source of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. The ovaries mainly contain three types of cells. These cells are affected differently by cancer and give ovarian cancer its subcategories, which include: epithelial tumors (cells on the outer ovary surface), germ cell tumors (cells that produce ova) and stromal tumors (tissues that holds the ovaries together).

Scientists continue to study the genes responsible for ovarian cancer and have uncovered some information about the connection between genes and ovarian cancer. For example, research in this area has led to more effective ways to detect high-risk genes and make recommendations with the goal of reducing a woman’s risk for ovarian cancer, says the ACS. Studies have shown that fallopian tube/ovarian cancers develop in women with BRCA gene mutations more often than doctors had previously suspected.

Recognizing key symptoms of ovarian cancer can encourage women to take prompt action. The Mayo Clinic states that, while early-stage ovarian cancer rarely causes any symptoms, as the disease progresses it may cause issues that are often mistaken for more benign conditions. Being aware of even sub-

tle bodily changes can prompt women to speak with their doctors. Symptoms may include: ► abdominal bloating or swelling; ► weight loss; ► quickly feeling full when eating; ► discomfort in the pelvic area; ► changes in bowel habits, such as constipation; ► frequent need to urinate; ► abnormal periods; and ► unexplained back pain.

Medline-Plus, a health information resource sponsored by U.S. National Library of Medicine, notes that, to diagnose ovarian cancer, doctors usually perform a physical exam, a pelvic exam, lab tests, an ultrasound, or a biopsy.

Treatment usually involves surgery followed by chemotherapy.

The sooner ovarian cancer is found and treated, the better a woman’s chance for recovery. Therefore, being aware of unusual symptoms is essential.

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October 2019

How to improve quality of life during cancer treatment Fighting cancer is the biggest priority for people when they have been diagnosed with the disease. After the initial shock of diagnosis has worn off, patients can then take their first steps towards recovery.

Powerful chemotherapy drugs and radiation treatments can kill cancer cells and prevent them from spreading. Individuals may also need other medications to help mitigate the side effects of these treatments. At the end of the day, treating cancer can become a full-time job and one that can have a significant impact on the quality of life of the patient and his or her loved ones.

According to the Mayo Clinic, stress, pain and fatigue can severely diminish quality of life during and after cancer treatment. What’s more, family members caring for cancer patients also may experience diminished quality of life.

Incorporating some strategies during and after treatment can help cancer patients and their caregivers maintain a high quality of life.

Exercise Exercise pays numerous dividends for cancer patients. Exercise may help keep cancer, particularly breast cancer, in remission. The American Cancer Society says physical activity has been linked to a 24 percent decrease in breast cancer coming back, and a 34 percent decrease in breast cancer deaths.

Exercise also can affect the following: ► balance ► control weight ► self-esteem ► strength of bones ► lessening risk of blood clots ► reduction of nausea and fatigue Stress reduction Cancer patients also can benefit from therapies that promote the reduction of stress and anxiety. The Mayo Clinic studied formal sessions that promoted

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October 2019

Debunking common myths associated with breast cancer Cancer claims the lives of millions of people across the globe every year. But the fight against cancer is anything but hopeless, as the World Health Organization notes that between 30 and 50 percent of all cancer cases are preventable.

Learning about cancer is one of the best ways for people to protect themselves from this deadly disease. Researchers continue to learn more about cancer everyday and routinely discover that information once thought to be accurate was actually off-base.

Despite researchers’ best efforts, some myths about cancer still prevail. Some of these myths are about cancer in general, while others refer to specific cancers, including breast cancer. Myths about breast cancer can be as harmful as accurate information is helpful, so learning the truth and debunking those myths can be an important part of women’s preventive approach to breast cancer.

Myth: Drinking milk increases your risk for breast cancer.

The American Cancer Society notes that early studies raised concerns that drinking milk from cows treated with hormones could increase a person’s risk for breast cancer. However, ensuing research failed to find a clear link between the two. In fact, a 2002 study published in the International Journal of Epidemiology found no significant association between dairy fluid intake and breast cancer risk.

Myth: Lumps indicate breast cancer. The National Breast Cancer Foundation, Inc. says that only a small percentage of breast lumps turn out to be

cancer. However, abnormalities or changes in breast tissue should always be brought to the attention of a physician.

Myth: Mammograms cause breast cancer to spread. This

myth is rooted in the incorrect notion that breast compression while getting a mammogram causes the cancer to spread.

However, the NBCF insists that cannot happen. In fact, the

National Cancer Institute touts the benefits of mammograms while the ACS recommends women between the ages of 45 and

54 get mammograms every year. For additional breast cancer screening guidelines, visit the ACS at www.cancer.org.

Myth: Women with a family history of breast cancer are likely to develop breast cancer, too. This myth is dangerous because, if taken

at face value, it can give women with no family history of breast cancer a false sense of security. However, the NBCF notes that only

about 10 percent of individuals diagnosed with breast cancer have

a family history of the disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention note that a woman’s risk for breast cancer is higher if she has a first-degree relative, including a mother, sister, daughter, or

even a male family member, who have had the disease. But breast cancer can affect anyone, regardless of their family history.

Information is a valuable asset in the fight against breast cancer. Learning to decipher between accurate and false information can be especially valuable.

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11

Health screenings every woman should get

Routine wellness exams are essential for women who want to maintain and/ or improve their health. Women may not be familiar with all of the screening options that can keep them on the right track.

Preventative health screenings can shed light on risks for certain diseases and provide insight into patient behaviors that may be harmful. Screenings also may help save a life.

Healthy diets and daily exercise are hallmarks of healthy people, but routine wellness exams are just as important. The following are some screenings women should include in their health and wellness routines. ► Blood pressure: Doctors will typically test blood pressure at every visit.

Women whose blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg can go every two years between blood pressure readings up until age 20, advises The American Heart Association. Adults 40 or older, or those with conditions that put them at risk for hypertension, should go annually or as advised by a doctor. ► Cervical cytology: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends routine pelvic examinations with cervical testing that includes Pap testing and HPV testing. Consult with an OB-GYN for testing frequency, which depends on age. ► Cholesterol: Cholesterol levels alone are not indicative of one’s overall health. However, a complete cholesterol test can determine a person’s risk for heart disease. If levels are consistently normal, this test may only need to be performed every five years, advises the National Institutes of Health. ► Mammogram: Mammograms screen for breast cancer. Given the risk of false positives, debate continues as to how frequently women need these screenings. The most recent guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force says mammograms are recommended starting at age 50, and should occur every two years. The American Cancer Society advises starting at age 45 and having a mammogram annually through age 55. ► Blood-glucose test: The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases says women should be screened regularly for prediabetes or diabetes beginning around age 45. Women can speak with their physicians to determine how often they should receive these screenings. ► Osteoporosis screenings: Bone density can be measured starting at age 65 or earlier if a woman has a high fracture risk, states Regis College. ► Skin examination: The American Academy of Dermatology suggests speaking with a dermatologist about skin exams. Self-examinations should be routine, but dermatologists may recommend more formal tests to women who meet certain criteria.

Women should speak to their doctors about personalized screenings based on family history and other risk factors.

— Source: Metro Creative

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