Spring Home & Garden 2021

A Publication of The Daily Star Wednesday, April 14, 2021

HOME & GARDEN

Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

APRIL 14 AND 16, 2021

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Pandemic could affect our gardening plans

By Allison Collins Contributing Writer

T

hough Mother Nature remains unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic, Debbie Annutto, owner of Annutto’s Farm Stand in Oneonta, said growers are grappling with the impact the pandemic will have on this year’s season.

“Trucking and transportation are bad right now,” she said. “Everybody is so backed up and warehouses are running two or three weeks behind, so I still have a lot of things coming. On the greenhouse side, everything we’re planting is doing well and that, we can control. We start (planting) the end of February.

“We’re going to have all our soils — from our Fox Farm to our pro mixes, topsoils, all of that,” Annutto continued. “We’ll be fully stocked with food — there doesn’t seem to be a problem with most of that — it’s just the garden-related stuff. We’ve got fertilizers, lots that are organic; seeds, mostly vegetable; onion sets, everyone looks for those; strawberry plants; and asparagus roots, but everything is hard to find right now.”

From the greenhouses, which will open the week before Mother’s Day, Annutto said, will come the stand’s annuals, perennials, vegetable plants and hanging basket arrangements. Alongside food and garden goods, she said, the stand carries “a lot of new lawn decorations and ornamental things for the yard, pottery … and pots in all the latest colors and good-quality wind spinners.”

The farm stand at 5396 state Highway 7 opened in 1984, Annutto said. The stand opened for the season in early April.

After 34 years in business, Annutto said, this and

“I’m pretty stocked, I’ve got about 95% of (soils) in, but I think it’s going to be hard to reorder. Also, (customers) shouldn’t wait for stuff. If I’m having a hard time getting this stuff now, what’s it going to be like when I run out?

I’m a little worried about that.

Debbie Annutto, owner of Annutto’s Farm Stand last year stand out, for reasons good and bad. While pandemic-related restrictions got people growing, she said, manufacturers have struggled to keep up with the unprecedented demand.

“I can’t believe how bad it is,” she said. “It’s bad; worse than last year. This is the worst we’ve ever seen.

Last year, we had a really big issue with soils and trying to get good potting soils … and the big movement is local foods as much as possible, so there’s been a big uptick (in gardening). It’s like it was 20 years ago, where everybody has a garden and everybody cans. It kind of feels good, that it’s reverted back. It just seems like we were getting out of some of this Mother Nature, outdoors stuff, and it does seem different now.”

This year, Annutto said, she’s concerned more with supply than demand.

“I’m pretty stocked, I’ve got about 95% of (soils) in, but I think it’s going to be hard to reorder,” she said.

“Also, (customers) shouldn’t wait for stuff. If I’m hav-

ing a hard time getting this stuff now, what’s it going to be like when I run out? I’m a little worried about that.

“There was a big demand (for soil in 2020), and a factory is only so big,” Annutto continued. “There have also been issues with getting the bags for the soil. It’s an intricate process and you don’t really know until you’re involved in it. They don’t just scoop soil into a bucket, so it’s a trickle-down thing and we’re the end result for the consumer. It hurts business, because if you don’t have a product, you can’t sell it.”

And soil matters, Annutto said.

“I try not to carry much of what the box stores have, and in soils, there’s such a difference in the growing medium,” she said. “The results are phenomenal when you use good soil, and all my stuff is mixed with a perlite or vermiculite. We carry two major brands, Espoma and Fox Farm. (The latter) is my No. 1 brand, because it’s so phenomenal with the nutrients in it.

You really need to mix good peat moss and nutrients in, because otherwise it’s just straight dirt. Container gardening is a big deal now, and you can’t have really super-heavy soil when you do that.”

Annutto’s Farm Stand, Annutto said, has a wide-reaching and loyal clientele.

“It’s everywhere – we get people from Albany and Binghamton and I think it’s because we’ve been here a long time,” she said. “We get quite a few people from the Albany area buying plants because, they say, in Albany, they’re double the price.”

Annutto’s Farm Stand is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., Monday through Sunday, through the end of December.

For more information, find “Annutto’s Farm Stand, Oneonta” on Facebook, call 607-432-7905 or visit annuttos.com.

Annutto’s Farm Stand in Oneonta carries lawn and garden products, such as pots in many colors and sizes.

PHOTOS BY ALLISON COLLINS

Debbie Annutto, owner of Annutto’s Farm Stand in Oneonta, said enriched soil is a top-seller at her store.

How ergonomic tools differ from traditional gardening tools Ergonomic gardening tools are designed to ensure that using them has as little effect on the body as possible. Ergonomic tools align with how a person naturally moves his or her body, which can reduce the likelihood that gardeners will suffer any strains or sprains while gardening or experience any aches and pains after a day spent tending to their landscapes.

Choosing the right tools The West Virginia University Center for Excellence in Disabilities notes that gardeners will know they have chosen the right ergonomic gardening tool for the job when they do not have to adapt the tool. Ergonomic tools should match gardeners’ heights, fit their grip and feel comfortable when in use.

Ergonomic gardening tools are designed in a way that can reduce stress on the body while performing various tasks. Gardeners know that aches and pains can add up after a day spent kneeling in the garden, raking soil and carrying supplies from a shed or garage around the property. But the WVUCED notes that ergonomic tools do more than just reduce gardeners’ risk of injury.

• Ergonomic tools increase efficiency.

Wasted motions are less likely when using ergonomic tools. That can improve efficiency in the garden, allowing gardeners to get more done in the same amount of time. And because ergonomic tools are designed to work with the body, gardeners likely won’t need to take breaks due to aches and pains, which also makes it easier to be more efficient when working in the garden.

• Ergonomic tools increase gardeners’ capabilities. The WVUCED notes that principles behind ergonomics keep gardeners using the tools in natural positions. That means gardeners won’t lose power to bending and twisting, enabling them to do more in the garden than they might be able to do when using non-ergonomic tools.

Gardening is a rewarding and beneficial activity. The right ergonomic tools for the job can enhance those benefits and make gardening even more enjoyable.

Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

o garden is immune to disease. Even the most attentive, experienced gardeners have had to confront disease in their gardens, which can lead to significant damage and potentially kill plants.

Various bacterial, fungal and viral diseases can affect gardens, and the University of Maryland Extension notes that fungicides, which are chemicals that destroy fungus, are only rarely recommended to combat disease.

In fact, a proactive approach rooted in prevention is often the most effective way to reduce risk for disease in gardens.

• Choose the right varieties of plant. The UME notes that choosing disease-resistant varieties is an effective way to prevent disease in gardens.

Gardeners who have confronted disease in their gardens in the past should do their best to identify which diseases were present and then choose plants that are considered resistant to those diseases. A local garden center professional can help gardeners who are uncertain about what to plant.

• Plant in the right spots. The choice of where to plant is significant. Avoid wet areas with insufficient drainage. The home renovation experts at HGTV note that wet soil can decrease plants’ chances for survival because of excess water and a lack of oxygen. If the only spots available for planting tend to be especially wet, consider planting in raised beds or having a French drain installed. Learn how much light plants need prior to planting them.

Some can thrive in shady areas, while others require ample sunlight each day.

• Plant at the right time. Planting too early when the soil is not yet warm enough can make plants vulnerable to disease by weakening their ability to fight. Use a soil thermometer to determine soil temperature and only plant when the conditions for planting are ideal.

• Harvest on time. When planting vegetables, it’s imperative that the vegetables are harvested on time. The University of Georgia Extension notes that fully mature vegetables left on the plant attract disease and are vulnerable to insect infestations.

• Control insect infestations. Certain insects can spread disease, so it’s important that gardeners learn to recognize which insects pose a threat to their plants. Speak with a local gardening center about invasive insects and how to address infestations without harming the plant.

As the planting season approaches, gardeners can take various steps to make their plants and vegetables less vulnerable to disease.

Specific benefits of ergonomic tools

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Simple ways to reduce risk of disease in your garden N

Gardening is a rewarding activity that has been found to provide a host of benefits beyond ensuring readily available access to fresh fruits, vegetables and awe-inspiring blooms.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says many gardening tasks qualify as light to moderate exercise, which means raking the leaves and cutting the grass can be just as beneficial as cardiovascular activities like brisk walking or jogging. In addition, a 2017 study published in the journal Preventive Medicine Reports found that gardening can help aging men and women offset age-related weight gain. And the health benefits of gardening go beyond the physical.

In 2014, a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published in Complementary Therapies in Medicine concluded that horticultural therapy may be an effective treatment for people with dementia.

Gardeners have a host of tools at their disposal to help turn their lawns and gardens into awe-inspiring landscapes.

Among those options are ergonomic tools. Ergonomic tools can benefit gardeners of all ages, but they may prove especially valuable for aging men and women.

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How ergonomic tools can help gardeners

Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

APRIL 14 AND 16, 2021

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Composting cuts waste, fertilizes gardens

By Allison Collins Contributing Writer

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s gardens get growing, it’s a good idea to let them eat.

Carla Hegeman-Crim, a horticulturist and educator at Cornell Cooperative Extension of Delaware County, said composting can provide growers with a “superfood” for their gardens.

“Composting is the process of formerly living things breaking down into a nutrient-rich organic material,” she said. “This happens naturally out in the environment, but humans have developed ways to make the process speedier and less odoriferous.

It is often associated with gardening, because it … improves the soil and reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers. Beyond that, it is an environmentally friendly practice that keeps food scraps and landscape materials out of the waste stream and, beA countertop bucket, emptied into a backyard pile, makes an easy and cause of the ecological benefits, many non-gardeners have become avid composters.” affordable composting option.

While composting methods will vary based on PHOTOS BY ALLISON COLLINS several factors, Hegeman-Crim said, naming location, time, energy and budget as examples, the breakdown basics are the same.

“There is a lot of chemistry and biology involved in composting, but it doesn’t have to be complicated,” she said. “Fresh, nitrogen-rich materials like food scraps and coffee grounds are classified as ‘greens,’ while dry, carbon-rich materials like leaves and shredded paper are considered ‘browns’ (regardless of color). The optimal ratio of browns to greens is 30 to 1. Composting enthusiasts will often save up brown materials to combine with green materials as they become available.

“Soil microorganisms catalyze a chemical reaction between the greens and browns,” Hegeman-Crim continued. “This generates heat, which kills pathogens and weed seeds. Frequent turning distributes moisture and increases airflow, which hastens the process. Cold composting is a more passive process. Materials are piled and allowed to break down over time without turning. The only drawback, other than having to wait, is that weed seeds may persist.”

Materials not suited to home composting, Hegeman-Crim said, include “pet/human feces, invasive plant species, bones and meat.”

Though Hegeman-Crim said fall is the best time to begin a compost pile, “because you have a nice mix of browns and greens available,” composters can Food scraps await turning in an open backyard compost pile, shown in “get started any time of year.” late March.

“Not much decomposition will happen in the win-

“There is a lot of chemistry and biology involved in composting, but it doesn’t have to be complicated. Fresh, nitrogen-rich materials like food scraps and coffee grounds are classified as ‘greens,’ while dry, carbon-rich materials like leaves and shredded paper are considered ‘browns’ (regardless of color). The optimal ratio of browns to greens is 30 to 1.”

Carla Hegeman-Crim, horticulturist and educator at Cornell Cooperative Extension of Delaware County ter, unless the pile is very large,” she said. “But it will stay frozen until spring, when warmth and additional materials are available.”

Whenever the process completes, Hegeman-Crim said, “the volume of compost yielded is a fraction of the volume of the starting material.”

“Finished, or fully decomposed, compost smells earthy and looks like rich soil,” she said. “If you are unsure, put some of the compost in a plastic baggie overnight; if it smells rotten, it needs more time.”

Composting, Hegeman-Crim said, can be user-friendly and inexpensive and, based on individual needs and setting, there’s a composting option for everyone.

“Simple open piles are the easiest, most affordable option,” she said, “but require quite a bit of material to get enough mass for hot composting. They can also attract pests and tend to be unsightly. This would be frowned upon in a neighborhood setting.

They are easy to turn, but tend to spread out. One solution is to create a cylindrical cage out of wire fencing. After layering materials inside, the cage is removed, relocated and refilled. The process is repeated until the material is fully composted. You can also build more complex structures. Multiple-bin systems have separate spaces for layering, compost in progress and finished compost.

“Stationary composters do a good job keeping materials contained, but have their drawbacks,” Hegeman-Crim continued. “The simple models with a removable top and bottom hatch are relatively inex-

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cial microbes that produce compounds that increase plant growth and vigor.

This time of year, I brew vermicompost ‘tea’ to use as a fertilizer for seedlings and houseplants. In the summer, I put vermicompost right into the planting holes before putting in transplants.”

She said Bokashi, another form of indoor composting, is also gaining popularity.

“Developed in Japan, it is a microbial fermentation process that quickly breaks down all foods, including meat and dairy,” she said. “The containers are very simple, with airtight lids and spigots for draining liquids. The process requires an inoculant, which is usually wheat bran or sawdust impregnated with a mix of fungi and bacteria.”

If uninterested in welcoming indoor worms or microbes, Hegeman-Crim said, composting can be left to a robot.

“Electric composters rely on grinders and high heat to mimic the natural process,” she said. “They sit on the countertop and cycle just like a dishwasher or bread machine. Some manufacturers even boast that pet waste can safely be digested into high-quality plant food.”

For more information or for newcomers to composting, HegemanCrim recommends ccetompkins. org/resources/compostquick-start-guideto-compost.

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pensive, but aren’t conducive to turning, and can be flimsy. The tumblers are more durable and effective at making compost, but they can be expensive and hard to turn once they fill up.”

For non-gardeners still interested in composting but not needing the end product, Hegeman-Crim said, inground digesters are an option.

“These units are driven by solar energy and are gaining popularity at dog parks and high-density housing complexes,” she said.

And composting can happen, Hegeman-Crim said, even without an outdoor site.

“There are a few forms of indoor composting,” she said. “Vermicomposting utilizes worms to quietly eat most fruits, vegetables and starches like rice and bread. You can buy vermicomposting systems, but all that is needed to get started is a plastic tote with holes drilled in the lid, shredded newspaper, cardboard or leaves for bedding and a little soil for grit. The specialized worms can be purchased online or obtained from a vermicomposting friend who will likely have plenty to share.

“I’ve been vermicomposting for five years now, and it is surprisingly easy and unobtrusive,” Hegeman-Crim continued. “The resulting compost is like steroids for plants.

It is loaded with nutrients and contains benefi-

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Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

Stay safe when working in the yard this spring and summer A day spent working in the yard is an ideal way to pass the time on spring and summer afternoons. A pristine landscape can add value to a property and instill pride in homeowners who put a lot of thought and effort into their lawns and gardens.

A sun-soaked day can make it easy to overlook potential threats when working in a lawn or garden. But safety precautions are of the utmost necessity when working in the yard, where the risk for serious injury is considerable.

For example, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons reports that, in 2016, more than 90,000 patients, including nearly 5,000 children, were treated in hospital emergency rooms for lawn mower-related injuries.

Lawn- and garden-related injuries can be prevented without going to great lengths.

• Know your terrain before mowing.

Knowing the terrain in your own yard can reduce the risk for accident or injury. This can be especially important when mowing the lawn with a riding mower. Adhere to manufacturers’ recommendations regarding inclines to reduce tip-over accidents that can pin riders beneath the mower. Study hilly areas of the yard prior to mowing so you know which areas are safe to mow with a riding mower and which areas are best mowed with a walk-behind mower. For greater control when using a walk-behind mower on an incline, mow parallel to the slope.

• Apply and reapply sunscreen. Sunburns may not require trips to the

emergency room, but they can still be serious. In fact, the Skin Cancer Foundation notes that sunburn is a leading cause in the majority of cases of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, which is the deadliest form of skin cancer. The SCF recommends applying sunscreen 30 minutes before going outside to allow the sunscreen to bond to your skin. Reapply sunscreen at least every two hours, and more often if you’re sweating excessively. The SCF recommends broad spectrum sunscreens, which protect the skin from both UVA and UVB rays.

Though a product with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15 is acceptable when walking the dog or driving to work, the SCF advises using a product with an SPF of 30 or higher when engaging in extended outdoor activities like gardening or mowing.

• Employ the buddy system. Use the buddy system when pruning tall trees or performing any tasks that require a ladder. The Orthopedic Institute of Pennsylvania reports that more than 164,000 people are injured each year falling off a ladder. Ask a significant other or neighbor to hold the ladder in place while you climb up to reduce your risk of falling. If cutting large branches, cut them piecemeal to reduce the risk of being injured by heavy falling branches.

• Inspect the property for insect hives.

The OIP notes that the most common insect stings in spring come from bees, wasps and hornets. Homeowners who are not careful can inadvertently come across hives when doing spring cleanup, making them vulnerable to bites and stings. That can be very dangerous for anyone, and especially so for people with a history of allergic reactions to insect bites or stings. Inspect areas where you’ll be working to make sure insects haven’t put down roots in your property. If you discover any hives and are hesitant to remove them on your own, contact a local landscaping firm.

Lawn and garden accidents and injuries can be serious. Thankfully, accidents and injuries are easily prevented when homeowners take a few simple safety precautions while tending to their lawns and gardens.

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the lawn’s roots more effectively. Thinning out old organic matter also helps encourage new growth.

• Aerate the soil. Coupled with dethatching, aeration involves loosening the soil or poking holes to allow nutrients to move freely to the roots.

• Kill weeds before they spread. Weeds may be the first to start growing when the weather begins to warm. Address them promptly by manually pulling them or applying an herbicide.

• Overseed the lawn. Chances are there are some bare spots that have formed over the winter. Overseeding can help to fill in the lawn. Make sure that frosts are largely a thing of the past and soil temperature is around 50°F to 60°F before seeding. Water daily until grass fills in.

• Apply nutrients. Fertilizer and compost can restore nutrients to the lawn that may have been used up over winter. A soil test at a nearby horticultural center can tell you which nutrients are needed, according to the Chemistry Cachet, a guide to using chemistry secrets for healthy living, beauty, cleaning, and gardening.

Lawns can be restored to their pre-winter glory after some sweat equity and about five to six weeks of consistent sunshine and warm weather.

Lawn watering and fertilizing

Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

Pristine, snow-covered landscapes can be wonders to behold. While that blanket of white is idyllic, a lawn’s delicate blades may be paying a hefty price beneath the cold, heavy piles of snow.

Snow plows push salt and sand up on the grass while subterranean animals like mice and moles dig burrows beneath piles of snow as they try to find food and stay warm. Such conditions are not favorable for thriving landscapes. When the spring thaw arrives, lawns may be in dire need of some TLC. The following techniques can mitigate winter-related lawn damage.

• Clear out debris. Remove any scattered leaves, branches and other debris that has been strewn across the property due to storms or snow-laden trees. This will give you a clean canvas to work on.

• Dry out snow mold. The Family Handyman says snow mold is a cold-season fungus that causes gray-colored circles or patches on the lawn where there has been snow. To alleviate snow mold, rake the lawn to loosen matted grass and facilitate the drying-out process.

• De-thatch the lawn. Heavy snow can compress the grass and cause some of it to die off. De-thatching helps to remove dead grass blades and separate any matting. This enables water, nutrients and air to reach

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TECHNIQUES

to revitalize a lawn after a long winter

TECHNIQUES

A lush, green lawn is a sight to behold. Many variables are involved in growing and maintaining grass, and water and fertilizer are among the most important components.

Knowing how much water and fertilizer to apply and when to apply it can make a big difference in the appearance and health of a lawn. That’s because a wellfed and watered lawn will develop a better root system, which makes the lawn less vulnerable to stressors like drought, mowing, foot traffic, and heat, according to the Scotts¨ company.

Fertilize There is no magic formula governing when to fertilize a lawn. The type of grass and how well-established a lawn is must be considered. Experts suggest having the soil tested to determine its pH levels and if any nutrients are lacking. A fertilizing schedule can then be developed after testing.

Keep in mind that overfeeding a lawn will not make it grow any better and actually can damage the turf. Several small applications of fertilizer during the lawn’s most active growing period may be helpful, advises the home improvement resource Tools Around the House.

An annual application (late spring for warm-season grass or fall for cool-season grass) may be all that’s needed.

Certain fertilizers need to be applied and watered in.

Others may be combined with weed-control products and must be set on top of damp grass. Read packaging to determine the right application.

Water The right watering schedule and techniques can help a lawn thrive. Scotts® says adjusting for climate and nature can help grass to grow strongly. A lawn that has a grayish cast or appears dull green is telling an owner that it needs water. Another test is to step on the lawn.

If footprints disappear quickly, the grass blades have enough moisture to spring back.

Water the lawn in the morning before 10 a.m. when it’s cooler and the winds tend to be calm so that the water can soak in. For those who must water at night, do so in early evening so that the water can dry before nightfall and will not contribute to disease.

Scotts® says to water an established lawn until the top six to eight inches of soil is wet. Most lawns need one to 1.5 inches of water per week from rain or a hose to soak the soil that deeply.

Newly established lawns may require more water to keep the soil moist but not soggy.

Visit a lawn care center for more information on watering the type of lawn for your area or visit www. scotts.com for additional tips.

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Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

A finished metal roof, manufactured and installed

by Alpine Roofing, is shown in this undated photo.

CONTRIBUTED

Metal roofs are gaining popularity

By Allison Collins Contributing Writer

S

pring’s arrival brings an onslaught of household chores, inside and out, but Dean Paulo, general manager of Alpine Metal Roofing in Sidney, said now is the time to look up.

The 164 River St., Sidney site, he said, “provides and manufactures all the roofing materials you’d need to put a metal roof on your home or for a contractor to buy, from panels to trims.” Alpine Roofing, he said, also provides installation within “an hour and a half radius” of Sidney, to places such as “Delhi, Andes and all the way out to Oneonta or Richmondville.”

“Definitely this time of year, homeowners want to get outside and walking around their houses and they always look at gardens, then around porches and decks but, after winter, you need to look up at your roofline and your gutters,” Paulo said. “Look at your gutter lines and your shingles – are they lifting? Did we lose any shingles this winter? Sometimes, it’s not losing shingles or finding them sitting on the ground, but if you look up and see corners lifting up or delaminated and peeling away and flapping up, those are sure signs it’s time to do something about your roof.

You can’t forget to take a look up.”

Paulo said metal roofing can mean worry-free coverage.

“For metal roofing, there’s not really anything you need to maintain,” he said. “Really, it’s a once-and-done kind of roof for most people.

“For metal roofing, there’s not really anything you need to maintain. Really, it’s a once-and-done kind of roof for most people.”

Dean Paulo, general manager of Alpine Metal Roofing

“If you go to put a metal roof on a home, it’s going to last decades and decades; much more so than a shingle roof you’ll have to replace in 20 (years),” Paulo continued. “(Metal roofing) is going to last 50, and the warrantees are much better on it and there’s nothing to do to it. They don’t blow off, you don’t have pieces of metal in your yard, they don’t deteriorate and you don’t have to scrape them off or do any roof-raking on a metal roof.

And, Paulo said, metal roofing can be an affordable option.

“There’s definitely been a big upswing in metal roofing in the last few years, but it’s always been around, for 100-plus years on farmhouses and barns,” he said, noting that it was previously a more expensive option than asphalt shingles. “For our purposes, because we manufacture the metal roofing, we’ve been able to not only level the playing field, but offer an incredible

price difference with metal and eliminate that barrier people have when they think of metal roofing.

“It’s always cheaper for us to do a metal roof for someone than a shingle roof and most of time, because of the materials we have and because we do it all day every day — whereas other crews can do it but it’s not what they do — we’re much more efficient and mobile about it. Because of the structure of our company, we’re able to maintain a lower price, manufacture faster, get it to the customer faster and install faster and keep the price lower.”

Metal roofing, Paulo said, is also a more sustainable choice.

“Environmentally, asphalt shingles are very dirty,” he said. “They don’t break down and they poison the land; there’s a special place in landfills just for asphalt shingles.

“When we take metal roofing off, we can recycle all that, and the roofing (material) we make currently is 95% recycled material,” Paulo continued. “There’s no such thing as pure steel anymore, but we personally really like to try to source our materials as close to home as we can and try to buy American steel. We’ve seen some pretty drastic price increases, but have really tried to stick with that; bringing in foreign steel would be cheaper, but that’s just not what we’re into.”’

Alpine Metal Roofing opened in 2011, Paulo said, and installs about 400 roofs each year.

For more information, visit alpineroofingny.com or call 607-563-9999.

Storing outdoor furniture during the colder months of the year is a great way to protect items from the elements.

This may involve careful shrink-wrapping and keeping items outdoors, or by moving furniture indoors to a shed or garage. Cleaning the furniture one last time before storing it also can be handy.

Remove stuck-on debris Inspect furniture and be prepared to remove any stuck-on debris, such

Make a thorough cleanser Clean stains off of furniture with a versatile cleanser. A mild cleaner can be made by mixing 1/2 cup baking soda with 1 gallon of warm water, according to the experts at Better Homes & Gardens. Regular dishwashing detergent also can be mixed with water, as it has a mild bleaching agent. This cleanser can be used on plastic resin furniture or metal furniture, which are popular patio furniture materials.

Patio fabrics Check the cleaning instructions of outdoor fabrics, as there might be specific instructions on the tags. In some cases, fabric may be removed and washed in a washing machine on a gentle setting. A solution of dish soap and

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warm water also is a gentle way to clean outdoor fabrics. Once items are clean, HGTV advises applying a water-repellent fabric protector to minimize staining and maintenance.

Strip or sand Wood furniture may need specialized care. If stains cannot be removed with a mild cleanser, then hard woods like teak

can be surface-sanded to restore items’ original look.

Pressure washers can often do more harm than good to patio furniture, so it’s best to look for an alternative way to clean them. Usually a bit of elbow grease and a cleanser is all that’s needed. Give the cleaning product time to work. Wipe down and dry the furniture thoroughly to prevent the growth of mildew.

Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

Proper storage

as bird droppings, sticky food residue or even cobwebs and insect nests. Be sure to use a cleaning tool that is safe for the material you are cleaning. Test an inconspicuous area of the furniture first to ensure your tools don’t damage the furniture. For example, many scrub brushes can scratch glass or aluminum.

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Once the days begin to grow a little bit longer and the numbers on the thermometer creep a tad higher, outdoor entertaining season is right around the corner. Homeowners may be anxious to once again return to the comforts of their backyards. However, their patio furniture may not be ready for lounging just yet.

Some simple cleaning strategies make it easy to brighten outdoor furniture made of metal, glass, wood, and plastic. Before homeowners know it, their backyards will be ready for outdoor entertaining season.

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Learn the right ways to clean lawn and patio furniture

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Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

How to choose the right lighting inside your home Lighting in a home serves both practical and aesthetic purposes. It’s easy to maneuver around a well-lit home, reducing the risk of slips and falls, and the right lighting can help homeowners create their desired ambiance, which typically changes depending on which room you’re in.

When choosing lighting for their homes, homeowners must walk a fine line between appearance and functionality. A fixture in the foyer that instantly impresses visitors likely won’t prove as awe-inspiring if it’s installed in the living room. When choosing lighting for a home, some general rules about what works in each room can help homeowners make the most informed decision.

Kitchen Kitchens are often the busiest room in a home, so lighting here can be especially important. A kitchen often benefits,

both practically and aesthetically, from different types of lighting. For example, pendant lighting above kitchen islands can make meal preparation easier and safer, but such lighting likely won’t work in breakfast nooks and informal dining areas in the kitchen. Recessed lighting works best in such areas. In kitchens with no island, under-cabinet lighting can be used to illuminate countertops and simplify meal preparation.

Formal dining room Many people enjoy the look of chandeliers in formal dining rooms, and such fixtures can be installed directly above the dinner table. The interior design experts at Better Homes & Gardens advise hanging chandeliers roughly 33 inches above the table in dining rooms with eight-foot ceilings, adding three inches for each additional foot above eight feet. Darkened dining areas may be ideal in restaurants, but homeowners may want to split the difference at home and choose dimmable chandeliers for their dining rooms. This allows homeowners to dim the lights for romantic dinners but turn them up for family gatherings with lots of people around the table.

Living room Adaptability also is important in the living room, where homeowners may host anything from movie nights to book clubs to parties for the big game.

It can be a tall order to accommodate such a wide range of activities, and many homeowners come down to deciding between recessed lighting and track lighting. If the living room currently has neither style, homeowners should recognize that it will cost considerably

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less to install track lighting than recessed lighting. Better Homes & Gardens notes that flexible track lighting provides ambient, task or accent lighting, and track lights can even be moved to change lighting schemes at any time, making them a budget-friendly option for homeowners whose living rooms are multi-purpose spaces. Recessed lighting also works well in living rooms, especially ones with low ceilings. That’s because recessed lighting is installed into the ceiling, meaning it does not take up any visual space in the room.

That can help living rooms feel bigger.

Bedroom The home improvement experts at BobVila.com note that bedroom lighting should provide enough light when getting dressed, but also be able to be

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toned down as residents prepare for their bedtime routines. Both portable and installed lighting can be used in bedrooms to serve these various functions.

Recessed fixtures that dim can ensure there’s ample light to get dressed in the morning, but they also can be dimmed at night as residents try to get ready to sleep. Portable nightstand lights can make it easier for couples sharing a bedroom, allowing one person to stay up and read while the other goes to sleep.

Homeowners have many options and many needs when choosing lighting for their homes. A professional consultation with a lighting expert or interior decorator can help homeowners find lights that provide both practical and aesthetic appeal.

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Home renovation projects are significant undertakings. Working with skilled and experienced contractors can ensure projects go smoothly and are completed promptly. Timing is a big consideration for homeowners as they begin renovating their homes, and the home improvement experts at HomeAdvisor note that the following are some general timelines for popular renovation projects.

• Home addition: Short of a full-scale demolition and rebuild, home additions are the most time-consuming projects homeowners can undertake.

HomeAdvisor notes that its survey of customers who recently completed home addition projects reported that the average time from start to finish was between three and four months. Certain variables, including the scale of the project and the local permits process, can extend the time it takes to complete a home addition.

• Kitchen remodel: Scale is a big factor to consider when estimating the time it takes to complete various home improvement projects, and kitchen remodels are no exception. Some HomeAdvisor users reported projects taking as long as four months, though the average time reported was roughly six weeks. Projects that require major overhauls like rearranging the plumbing and moving walls will likely take longer than more cosmetic projects that are limited to replacing cabinets and countertops.

• Bathroom remodel: More than 1,000 homeowners surveyed by HomeAdvisor reported that bathroom remodels took about 4.5 weeks from start to finish. Small-scale remodels that focus on painting the walls a fresh color and replacing existing tiles can be completed in less than two weeks. But like with kitchen remodels, bathroom remodels that involve replacing plumbing fixtures and removing walls figure to take much longer than that.

• Siding installation: HomeAdvisor users report that new siding projects take roughly two weeks from start to finish. That estimate is the same regardless of which materials homeowners are replacing and installing.

• Replacement windows: Homeowners who want to replace all the windows in their home can expect such a project to take roughly three weeks.

HomeAdvisor notes that such a timeline need not concern homeowners worried that they will be forced to brave the elements during the length of the project. Much of a contractors’ time during a window replacement project will be spent on upfront measuring and then ensuring a tight fit once the windows have been installed.

Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

The average timelines for popular renovation projects

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Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

How to add shade to a deck or patio H

omeowners eagerly await the arrival of the warm weather so they can cast off the remnants of cabin fever and bask in the sunshine. However, as summer nears its dog days, the same sun homeowners once coveted can contribute to uncomfortable conditions in outdoor entertaining spaces.

Meteorologists at WHAS11 in Kentucky took to their neighborhoods in July 2020 to test just how hot surfaces can get in the sun during peak daytime temperatures. Concrete sitting in the sun almost all day reached a temperature of 134.7°F, while the same concrete in the shade clocked in at just under 80°F. When air temperatures are around 90°F, unshaded concrete and asphalt can be 125°F and 140°F, respectively. While wood decking may not be as hot as asphalt and concrete, it still can get steamy underfoot.

Homeowners who want to be able to enjoy their outdoor spaces in an array of temperatures can think about investing in shade solutions. Sun-blocking ideas like awnings, shade trees and large umbrellas can help people enjoy their yards all day long.

• Canopy: A patio canopy is typically a freestanding unit that can be installed over a patio or a deck. Some people prefer to bolt it down so it will not be knocked over in windy conditions. The fabric on the canopy

can be removed during the offseason, helping to improve its longevity.

• Awning: Awnings may be stationary or retractable. Many are installed directly onto a home and can cast shade on specific areas of outdoor entertaining spaces.

• Shade sail: Similar to an awning but a bit less structurally rigid, shade sails are large pieces of triangular fabric installed over areas of a patio, pool or landscape, according to The Family Handyman.

Shade sails are light and airy and can be customized.

• Trees: A natural way to increase shade in a yard is to plant more shade trees. If sun glare is an issue all year long, and it’s not just the heat of the sun that is troublesome, think about planting evergreen trees.

Deciduous cousins will drop their leaves in fall and only be effective during the warm weather.

• Patio umbrellas: Many umbrellas start at around $25. Umbrellas can be paired with patio tables, while stationary cantilever umbrellas sit out of the way on their own heavy-duty stands. A cantilever umbrella tends to provide more shade than patio table umbrellas.

• Curtains: Homeowners can block sunlight out-

doors the way they do inside, offers MSN. Hang curtains from the sides of canopies or between posts on a deck to provide shade and cozy spaces.

Shade is in high demand when the sun is hot. Options abound for making outdoor areas more comfortable.

Exterior waterproofing Exterior waterproofing aims to keep water away from and out of the home.

The home improvement information resource DoItYourself.com says that exterior waterproofing generally includes

the application of a waterproofing agent to the concrete foundation. In addition, exterior waterproofing also could include excavation so a drainage system can be installed around the entire footing of the home. Regrading a property and properly relocating gutters and downspouts can help with many water issues.

Interior waterproofing When water in a basement or crawl space needs to be remediated indoors, a system to collect, drain and remove water may be necessary. This can include sump pumps, drains, gravity discharge systems, and more. Moisture barriers, which can include special paints or products applied to the foundation walls and floor, also can help keep water from entering the space.

Moisture solutions Keeping water out is only one part of the equation. Homeowners also need to manage moisture, like excessive humidity. A marriage of HVAC and waterproofing techniques may be necessary to improve air flow and remove humidity in the air.

While many homeowners have attempted to address water issues on their own, many times it is a job best left to the professionals. Because water penetration can have multifaceted causes, a professional can best assess the situation and create solutions that fit with homeowners’ budgets and needs. The review and advice site Angie’s List suggests finding at least three waterproofing companies that offer both interior and exterior waterproofing services that can provide the best ideas for fixing the issue.

Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

Water can be a homeowner’s worst nightmare. Few things have the potential to damage a home as much as water.

From leaks to flooding to moisture problems like mold, water can wreak havoc on a home.

Basements or crawl spaces are areas of a home where water can do the most damage. Basements and crawl spaces tend to be the lowest-lying spots in a home, and therefore prime spots for water to enter. Water problems in these areas can contribute to the demise of the structural integrity of the foundation.

According to Olshan, a foundation solutions company, water can enter homes in numerous ways. Many building materials, including concrete, that seem solid at first glance actually are quite porous. As ground water collects around these materials, the weight of the accumulated water, called hydrostatic pressure, can weaken the materials, causing cracks where water can seep through.

Water also can enter subterranean spaces through basement windows and gaps between footings and concrete slabs, or push up through foundation floors when homes are in areas with high water tables.

Remedying water issues in a home generally breaks down into two methodologies: exterior waterproofing and interior waterproofing. Depending on the cause and severity of the water issue, one or the other, or even both, may be recommended.

mid conditions attract rodents and insects, increasing the risk of infestation. Encapsulation closes and secures a crawl space with a thick vapor barrier that lines the floor and walls of the crawl space. Vapor barriers can keep moisture from condensing on wood, making the area less likely to attract pests.

• Run a dehumidifier in the crawl space. Dehumidifiers can help homeowners control moisture in a crawl space. In fact, many companies that install vapor barriers recommend running dehumidifiers after a barrier has been installed.

• Examine the perimeter of your home, particularly the exterior walls.

Periodic examinations of a home’s exterior may reveal brush that can make for ideal shelters for pests.

Pests sheltering along the exterior walls of a home will eventually try to enter the home, likely through the crawl space. Remove piles of brush during routine walk-arounds of the home and trim any bushes or shrubs that also may be providing shelter to pests.

• Keep an eye on the crawl space.

Though crawl spaces can be difficult to access, homeowners should visit these spaces periodically. Inspections can help homeowners determine if dehumidifiers are still running and allow them to check for pests or other issues, such as cracks, that may be inviting unwanted guests into their homes.

Crawl spaces can become homes and breeding grounds for pests if homeowners don’t take measures to prevent such issues.

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TIPS

for waterproofing a basement or crawl space

Crawl spaces tend to be no-go zones in many homes. With little room to maneuver and no heating or cooling, it’s no wonder people avoid crawl spaces. But pests may see crawl spaces in a wholly different light.

Rodents and insects that find their way into crawl spaces can do significant damage. According to the pest control experts at Terminix®, pests can destroy insulation, gnaw through wiring and air ducts and damage the wooden substructures of a home.

Though many homeowners may go months if not years between trips to their crawl spaces, periodic visits to inspect for the presence of pests can help uncover any issues before they escalate into significant problems.

The discovery of pest problems in a crawl space can be unsettling. Some homeowners may wonder how long they’ve been hosting these uninvited guests, while others may wonder what they can do to evict them once and for all. Fortunately, homeowners can employ various strategies to keep pests from taking over their crawl spaces.

• Seal cracks and openings. Pests may enter a crawl space through small cracks or openings, much like cold or warm air can enter through similar cracks around windows and doors. Terminix® notes that homeowners can apply caulk or foam insulation around cracks or openings in their crawl spaces. No crack is too small to seal, as small insects like termites and ants don’t need much room to maneuver their way into a home.

• Encapsulate the crawl space. Crawl spaces are dark and damp. Wet, hu-

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TIPS

to keep pests out of crawl spaces

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Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

Should I DIY?: A

do-it-yourself mentality has taken hold in millions of households across the globe. Popular television channels like HGTV and DIY Network as well as accessible home improvement content on apps like YouTube has inspired many homeowners to tackle renovation projects around their homes. Taking such initiative is admirable, though it also can prove costly if homeowners end up biting off more than they can chew.

Home improvement videos and television shows have a tendency to oversimplify renovation projects, potentially giving homeowners a false sense of confidence in their DIY abilities. A concerted effort on the part of homeowners to determine if it’s best to renovate on their own or hire a professional should always be the first step of any renovation project. No two homeowners are the same, but the following three questions can help homeowners determine if DIY is their best option.

1. Can I afford to DIY? Professional home improvement projects are costly for a variety of reasons. Materials can be costly, but so are the tools and labor necessary to do the job right. Homeowners may not have the tools necessary to complete complicated projects.

Specialty tools can be expensive to purchase or even rent, and the cost of acquiring such tools should be included in any DIY project cost estimates. Labor also factors heavily into professional projects, and for good reason. Talented contractors have unique skills that have been developed and perfected over many years. Those skills can ensure projects are completed quickly and correctly. Labor may seem costly, but such costs may ultimately prove to be a bargain compared to the

3 questions to determine if it’s best to renovate on your own

cost of fixing DIY mistakes. Projects that are minor in scope and don’t require the use of potentially costly specialty tools may be better suited for weekend warriors than more complicated renovations.

2. Do I have the time?

Homeowners must determine how much time they have to complete a project before deciding to do it themselves. No one wants to spend months staring at an unfinished renovation project. Homeowners who are already pressed for time may not be able to complete projects in a timely fashion, which can make homes less comfortable and even less safe.

3. Can I pull this off?

DIY projects can instill homeowners with a sense of pride in their homes, but it’s imperative that homeowners considering the DIY option conduct an honest assessment of their skills. A lack of renovation experience does not necessarily mean a homeowner cannot successfully complete a DIY project. But in such instances, it may be best to start with small, straightforward projects and then gradually move up to bigger, more complicated projects as skills are fine tuned. And homeowners who have never been at their best with a hammer in hand should not be ashamed to leave the work to the professionals.

Television shows and online tutorials can make renovations appear easier than they actually are.

Homeowners considering DIY renovations can ask themselves a handful of questions to determine if they’re ready for the challenge of renovating their homes on their own.

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4 tips to freshen up your home A change in season provides the perfect excuse to freshen up your living space. Here are four simple ways to revitalize your home this spring.

1. Make some room Start by getting rid of anything you don’t like or that no longer serves a purpose. Whether it’s furniture that never gets used or decor that you’re tired of looking at, removing these pieces will make it easier to rethink the space.

2. Improve organization Take time to reflect on how you store various belongings. For example, is there a way to make items you use regularly more accessible? Find storage solutions that enhance both the functionality and esthetics of a room.

3. Update the decor Consider repainting a few walls, replacing some furnishings or adding new decorative features such as plants, wall art, vases and mirrors. Even simply changing the pictu­res in your frames can create a sense of newness.

4. Clear the air Whether you use candles, potpourri or essential oil diffusers, swap out the spiced scents of winter for the fruity and floral aromas of spring. Additionally, don’t forget to open the windows on nice days to let fresh air into your home.

To stock up on design accessories and ideas, visit the home decor shops in your area.

Content for Spring Home & Garden provided in part by Metro Creative Services and Newspaper Toolbox.

Spring Home & Garden - THE DAILY STAR

cat waste that is covered in litter • Utilize a sewer line attachment. This disposal system is connected directly to a septic tank or sewer line. It will require washing out debris and waste that gets stuck in the plumbing.

• Use an enzymatic dog waste dissolver.

Soaking waste and using an enzymatic product can dissolve it more safely than using lime or another chemical. It can be used out in the open, or applied to waste stored in a receptacle.

• Create a septic-style composter.

Some people create a mini septic station in their yards in which the waste can break down and then dissolve into a predetermined corner of the property, away from where it can affect the landscape.

• Use a hose and water. Solid waste is not the only concern in the yard.

Concentrated urine may contain high levels of nitrogen as well as salts and other compounds, according to The Spruce: Pets. These components alter the pH of the soil and cause patches of grass to die and turn yellow or brown.

Females cause more damage because they squat and make a puddle of urine, while males tend to lift their legs and disperse the spray. Washing down areas where pets urinate can help dilute the urine and prevent damage.

Various products and strategies can help pet owners neatly and safely remove pet waste from their yards.

APRIL 14 AND 16, 2021

Pets benefit households in myriad ways. The Animal Health Foundation notes that being around pets can decrease cortisol levels — a hormone activated by stress. Pets also may inspire their owners to engage in physical activity, such as walks around the neighborhood or play sessions in the backyard, and a physically active lifestyle can reduce a person’s risk for various diseases.

To reap the rewards of a pet, owners must be willing to put in the effort to care for companion animals. This includes those tasks that can be unsavory, such as cleaning up pet waste.

Not only is pet waste messy, if left out and about it can be an eyesore, a health risk and affect the quality of the soil in one’s yard.

Regular removal of pet waste benefits the environment as well as pets and their owners. There are a variety of solutions that can help people rid their lawns of pet waste.

• Put it in the trash. If allowed, placing waste in a trash receptacle is an option.

However, certain areas of the country do not allow feces disposal in landfills.

Bacteria found in animal excrement also can leach into the environment if not handled properly.

• Flush it. Another solution is to flush waste down the toilet. But that is not always convenient and it requires owners to bring waste indoors. Do not flush

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Addressing backyard pet waste

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