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THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 2017
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Volume 118, Issue 32 CITY
CAMPUS
Tracy Parker enters Internet Society Hall of Fame this month By Allyson Waller Reporter
chase karacostas| daily texan staff
University of Texas Police Department Chief David Carter answers questions about the function of UTPD at a Student Government meeting on Oct. 4. His Citizen Police Academy will begin its semester-long program next Monday.
UTPD offers citizen academy
UT alumna Tracy LaQuey Parker was inducted into the Internet Society’s Internet Hall of Fame this month for her work as the author of some of the first best-selling books about the internet. Parker’s books, “The Internet Companion,” published in 1992, and “The User’s Directory of Computer Networks,” published in 1988, earned her a spot as one of the 14 honorees this month. In addition to her books, Parker continued to promote the adoption of the internet through her career, according to the Internet Hall of
Fame website. “I feel really humble because there’s a lot of people who’ve done amazing things with the internet in the early days,” Parker said. “To be singled out was just an incredible compliment and honor.” Parker, a 1986 computer science graduate, said her interest in the internet began after talking with a friend about their work with UT’s computer network and the statewide computer network that connected Texas universities. “I just knew the minute I started sending emails that this was going to be huge,” Parker said. “I’d never seen
INTERNET page 2 Tracy LaQuey Parker, who graduated from UT with a degree in computer science in 1986, was inducted into the Internet Society’s Hall of Fame this month. Parker has written two books about the Internet, both of which were among the first best-sellers written about the topic.
By Reagan Rittterbush Senior Reporter
Citizen police academy gives community chance to interact with UTPD The UT community will again have an opportunity to interact with the UT Police Department when the 15th session of Citizen Police Academy begins Oct. 11. The academy is a seven-week program designed to bring together members of the UT community and UT police officers. Lt. Gregory Stephenson said this allows for an interaction that may not happen on campus.
“It’s important to understand how police officers do their jobs and why they do things certain ways,” Stephenson said. “Our goal is mainly to show that we are a transparent department.” Assistant Chief Don Verett started the academy with Stephenson in 2006 after writing a paper about citizen police academies at other police departments. “This academy was an initiative to counter stereotypes that are often barriers to meaningful discussion between cops and civilians,” Stephenson said. Running in three-hours blocks for seven consecutive Monday nights, the academy offers various lectures,
demonstrations, tours and hands-on practice for participants. Officers from different units within the UTPD will come in to discuss their specific jobs and how they relate to the community. “I sometimes can’t believe how many units we have,” Stephenson said. “From the canine unit and bicycle unit to the records units, participants have the ability to learn about them all.” Another important feature of the academy is officers being able to speak openly with citizens about a wide variety of community interests, Stephenson said.
LECTURE
UTPD page 2
courtesy of tracy laquey parker
CAMPUS
South Asian a cappella circuit takes center stage By London Gibson Senior Reporter
pedro luna| daily texan staff
Lauder explains the best way to practice nuclear agreements. With 33 years of CIA experience, nuclear threats are a chess game to him.
Former CIA official speaks about nuclear agreements By Meara Isenberg Reporter
As nuclear tensions between the United States and North Korea grow, Wednesday was an opportune time
for former CIA official John Lauder to visit UT to speak about monitoring nuclear agreements. Lauder shared his 33 years of experience with a full lecture room in the LBJ School of
Public Affairs. The event was part of the Intelligence Studies Project and the Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Project in partnership with the
CIA page 2
UT’s South Asian a cappella circuit will take the main stage this November after a group of 48 students achieved a bid to host the first national South Asian a cappella competition on campus. The Indian Students Association will spearhead the $14,000 competition, called Jeena, featuring six South Asian a cappella teams from around the country. UT’s own group, Hum A Cappella, will only be performing because hosting teams are not allowed to compete. Architecture senior Sudarshan Iyengar, external director for Hum A Cappella, said the competition might bring the spotlight to an overlooked community on campus. “I feel like not a lot of attention has been given to the South Asian a
courtesy of sudarshan iyengar
The Indian Student Association will host the first national South Asian a capella competition on campus, called Jeena.
cappella circuit,” Iyengar said. “(This competition) is kind of a big step for getting foundational a cappella more exposure.” While Hum A Cappella has had multiple successes in its 16 years of competing, the group often feels overshadowed by UT’s eight Bollywood and South Asian dance teams, said Aashna Pandya, vice president of external affairs for the Indian
Students Association. Despite placing every year for the past four years at Awaazein, a national South Asian a cappella competition, including two firstplace wins in 2014 and 2015, Hum A Cappella is rarely publicized, said Pandya, a management information systems senior. “The South Asian a
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NEWS
OPINION
LIFE&ARTS
SPORTS
SCI&TECH
Students with language skills mentor Austin ISD refugees. PAGE 3
Columnists examine UT policies and encourage library literacy. PAGE 4
UT professor refreshes Barton Springs’ history in documentary. PAGE 8
Texas set to open Big 12 play against Iowa State. PAGE 6
Scientists predict how coral reefs can adapt to climate change PAGE 5
6267/UT Athletics; Process color
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Thursday, September 28, 2017
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Survey: campus free speech under fire
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Collegiate free speech is under fire, a new survey by the Brookings Institution suggests. Brookings senior fellow John Villasenor recently conducted a survey of 1,500 undergraduates nationwide and said the results were “highly concerning.” “A surprisingly large fraction of students believe it is acceptable to act — including resorting to violence — to shut down expression they consider offensive,” Villasenor said in the study. One-fifth of students surveyed believe violence is an acceptable mode of silencing offensive speech. Susan Rice, former national security adviser, said she is worried by the clash between free expression and college students in a panel at last Saturday’s Texas Tribune Festival. “I’ve got a college kid,” Rice said. “He shares with me on a regular basis how debate is stifled on campus, how professors offer students what they call ‘trigger warnings’ so that students
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carlos garcia| daily texan file
Senior Nicholas Cobb, left, junior Allie Runas, middle, and sophomore Andrew Herrera, right, speak to sophomore Mahir Karim during a bake sale hosted by the University Democrats in West Mall on Monday.
can leave the room before they hear something that is offensive.” Ashley Vaughan, chairman of UT’s Young Conservatives of Texas chapter, said she believes free speech is “essentially unlimited.” “There’s no concept of hate speech in the United States,” government senior Vaughan said. “We get to
freely express our ideas whether or not they’re popular, and violence is never appropriate in civil society for shutting down free thought and free expression, especially on a college campus.” Last year, YCT hosted an ‘affirmative action bake sale’ that sparked a protest of several hundred students
amid accusations of racism against the group. The Brookings survey also asked students to imagine a scenario where a controversial speaker was shouted down by a student group, and 51 percent of respondents agreed with the students’ actions. “I would not mind the opposing group chanting over the speaker,” biology freshman Alistair Keggen said. “I think that in this day and age there is some type of speech that is archaic, and it doesn’t need to have a place in our society. Anything that doesn’t promote peace, love and positivity, anything that doesn’t promote social justice or the common good for all people, it shouldn’t be here.” Rice had a few suggestions on how to foster a more open college environment. “We need to teach our kids how to think critically,” Rice said. “We need to teach them how to analyze information and be able to assess whether it is true or false and not just consume that which they are comfortable with.”
CAMPUS
Campus-wide Harvey supply drive ends Sept. 29 By Brooke Vincent Reporter
The Help for Harvey drive is making a final push for donations before the Sept. 29 end of the crusade to assist Hurricane Harvey victims. In partnership with Central Texas Food Bank, the drive is a collaborative effort of multiple organizations and departments across campus, namely the Division of Student Affairs, the Division of Diversity and Community Engagement, Student Government and Senate of College Councils. The drive is collecting items at 30 different areas around campus. “We are serving clients who are
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A CAPELLA
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cappella team that we have on campus is amazing, and they’ve won first place at so many competitions, but then the whole dance scene kind of takes over,” Pandya said. “The (South Asian a cappella) circuit is huge, but UT has never really taken an interest in it.” Iyengar said South Asian a cappella has always been a side note at UT. He said he hopes the event will draw in a lot of the Indian community on campus to see a musical representation of both Western and South Asian culture. “It’s kind of like a mash-up, a blending of two cultures,” Iyengar said. “It’s a musical expression that you see a lot of in dance and not really much in music.” Jeena is the first of five regional competitions leading up to a na-
CIA
continues from page 1 Strauss Center and the Clements Center. Lauder said the successful monitoring of nuclear agreements is not going to happen by itself. “It requires leadership,” Lauder said. “It requires engagement, but there are these practices from the past that can help us inform those decisions.” Understanding other countries is essential due to current capabilities and challenges with nuclear agreements our country faces, Lauder said. “Good agreements have to be grounded on ‘What’s the next step on the chessboard?’” Lauder said. “What if Iran cheats? What if North Korea gets into another agreement and cheats again? How
UTPD
continues from page 1 “The flip side to this program is hearing where we as a department can improve,” Stephenson said. “We always have room to learn, and the people of this community have to ability to help us with that.” Physics junior Aaron Kim said participating in this program is far more about building relationships than it is about learning what the UTPD does. “When we, as participants in the academy, began discussing our ideas for the department with actual officers, it became a productive program,” said Kim, who participated last year. “I wanted
affected by the hurricane, whether they have been displaced and staying at shelters in Austin, hotels or with family because they can’t go back to their homes yet,” said Felicia Pena, community engagement director for Central Texas Food Bank. The Central Texas Food Bank provided UT with a customized list of non-food and food items to donate which can be found on all donation boxes and the Office of Dean of Students’ website. The food bank has asked for prioritized donations for protein-rich, shelf-stable meals such as peanut butter, beans, canned tuna and soup. “I think that everyone on campus
realized the severity of this situation,” Senate Vice President Lu Barraza said. “We all had our individual ways we wanted to help, but I was glad to see the different organizations come together and work with University organizations to get one coherent drive going and make sure we were helping as many people as possible.” It was important to get a large professional organization on board like the Central Texas Food Bank for this drive to be as effective as possible, said Erica Saenz, associate vice president for Division of Community and External Relations. “We wanted to make sure that we were going to work with a nonprofit
tional South Asian a cappella competition called All-American Awaaz in the spring. The Indian Students Association will announce the competing teams on social media in the coming weeks. Farrien Khan, co-president of the Indian Students Association, said this is the first time the organization has attempted to host an event of this size. “For the first time ever we’re really branching out and adding something on such a large scale,” said Khan, management information systems junior. “It really give us that … exposure that we have never had before.” Khan said she hopes the event will bring more attention to South Asian art forms on campus. “I think a cappella in itself is such a unique and amazing talent,” Khan said. “To be able to showcase it while also spreading awareness of our culture is really sentimental to me.”
INTERNET
continues from page 1 anything that cool before.” Parker said some of her proudest work comes from introducing Texas educators to the internet and teaching them to integrate it in practical circumstances through the Texas Education Network, which was introduced in 1991. “I knew the internet was going to be big,” Parker said. “It was just demonstrating it to people and evangelizing it and getting the computer engineers and researchers to work on ways to make it more usable.” According to Parker, many people were surprised she took the technical route and pursued a computer science degree. “I’ve dealt with the typical overt and not-so-overt discrimi-
that could work with all the East Texas areas and would customize what is needed in what town, at what time,” Saenz said. “We didn’t want to put that kind of stress on any of the peo-t ple who just wanted to contribute ando give. We wanted to do that effectively,w so we’re not burdening the system.” v Information about ongoing Hur-C ricane Harvey relief efforts by otherl UT organizations can be found ont the Office of the Dean of Students a website. “We’ll continue to help people thate are displaced by the hurricane I’mt sure for a year or two to come,” PenaH said. “Hunger doesn’t take a break orc go away after the hurricane stops.” fl l
nation when I worked, but it wasc (something) I was able to get7 over,” Parker said. Computer science lecturer Alison Norman said she has heard similar sentiments from female computer science students. “They describe it as death by a thousand paper cuts,” Norman said. “It’s just the little comments and the little things that make you feel like you’re not here.” Computer science junior Maria Salazar said with the lack of female representation in the industry, it’s good to have a role model like Parker. “In (computer science) it’s obviously noticeable that there are so few women,” Salazar said. “Having someone to look up to is really important … and we have (an example) of this woman doing awesome things.”
do we deal with this?” Relating the past to the present, he said the current challenges we face with Iran and North Korea are in some ways more complex than those we faced in the Cold War. “In the Cold War, we had the United States, and we had the Soviet Union,” Lauder said. “We sort of understood each other. We knew what their capabilities were. Now (we) have four nuclear powers. North Korea, the United States, Russia and China, and they all have a stake.” However, there are new innovations providing transparency that were not available in the 1900s. Still, he said there are still barriers to transparency, citing social media as one. “In the era of fake news, it’s easy if you’re trying to deceive somebody about
the nature of your program to introduce false information,” Lauder said. The lecture concluded with loud applause from the crowd which included Austin resident Dan Wojcik, whose interest in current events brought him onto the UT campus. “I’m a concerned citizen,” Wojcik said. “This could get out of control. I like to be informed so I can inform other people who may not be.” American Studies freshman Emma Robinson said she describes herself as generally unfamiliar with many nuclear agreements, but the lecture led to thought-provoking moments. “He said we should work with our opponents rather than against them,” Robinson said. “That’s very true to how to bring about change.”
them to know what I thought, and they wanted to know too.” The academy only takes place in the fall. Most sessions have an average of 15 participants, including students, UT faculty, UT parents and Austin residents. “Our job doesn’t stop at the University property line,” Stephenson said. “We are grateful to hear from anyone living around UT as well as within.” Stephenson said there have been participants who originally were not pro-police and began to understand the UTPD’s job in the Austin community upon attending the academy. “That scenario is the whole reason we started this,” Stephenson said. “The best possible outcome of this is showing the
community how much we want a healthy relationship with them.” The deadline to apply is Oct. 2. Stephenson said as long as an applicant passes the background check, he or she will be allowed to attend. Participants who go to at least six lessons will be given a graduate certificate. Chemistry junior David Hubp said he has considered applying to the academy because it might give him the opportunity to explore why certain units are necessary. “I have never in my life heard of threat mitigation, but there’s a unit for that,” Hubp said. “I think it’s good to know where officers come from. You can’t truly understand the police until you take the time to listen to them.”
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CITY
UT students mentor Austin refugee students By Tehreem Shahab Reporter
Under the Refugee Student Mentor program, UT students with foreign language skills are assisting refugee students in Austin public schools. The program is a collaboration between Austin Independent School District and UT’s Department of Middle Eastern Studies. Mentors typically speak Arabic, Pashto and Farsi with their mentees, most of whom are from Iraq and Afghanistan, program coordinator Thomas Leddy-Cecere said. Current volunteer Alexandra Vermooten said she was able to make connections with the students despite limited Arabic proficiency. “There was this one boy and I was working with him on his reading comprehension,” government senior Vermooten said. “And I told him, ‘I’m still learning, just as you’re learning English, I’m learning Arabic, and I’m not very good at it.’ And he said, ‘So you can learn from me just as much as I can learn from you.’ It was a really nice, affirming moment.” Jonathan Kaplan, an assistant professor
pedro luna| daily texan staff
Learning is part of volunteering at the Refugee Student Mentor Program for 22-yearold government senior Alex Vermooten.
in the department of Middle Eastern Studies, started the program in the spring of 2015 after learning about a number of refugee students at Doss Elementary School. The program started at Doss Elementary
with 15 UT student mentors and has since expanded to 16 schools in the district and had 50 mentors last semester. Leddy-Cecere said volunteers do not need proficiency in a foreign language
to participate. “We have volunteers from a whole range of speaking abilities, some having a semester of study to native speakers,” Leddy-Cecere said. Depending on their language skills, volunteers can assist students by helping in language translations or reinforcing their concepts in different subjects. Sociology senior Noor Alahmadi volunteered for the program and said it is important not to generalize the experiences of these students. “These kids are a lot more complex than even I realized,” Alahmadi said. “I thought of them in a vacuum of just being refugees, as people who just need us. They’re more complex than that. They like to read. They’re struggling with stuff at home. You think, ‘Oh they came to America and everything is great.’ It’s not like that.” The program is beneficial to volunteers because it provides an opportunity to practice a foreign language outside a classroom setting, Kaplan said. “It exposes them to a diversity of experiences and a broader situation of the world and how it connects with their own life here in Austin,” Kaplan said.
STATE
Gas prices return to normal after Hurricane Harvey By Michael Hankins Reporter
Gas prices are slowly re-turning to normal as coastal doil refineries reopen in the ,wake of Hurricane Harvey, according to Denton -Cinquegrana, chief oil anarlyst at the Oil Price Informantion Service. s Many student drivers were affected by the high gas prictes and long lines at gas stamtions around the time when aHarvey hit. Harvey’s landfall rcaused people across Texas to flock to the pump, fearing a long-term gas shortage. “I remember a line of scars waiting to get gas at the t7-Eleven on MLK and Guad,”
computer science and math junior Andrew McAdams said. “Honestly, I just tried to avoid driving around when Harvey hit. Prices are better now but I still try to be smart about where I buy (gas).” Gas prices were affected nationwide due to Harvey’s landfall. Cinquegrana said the national average gas price peaked at $2.67 following the hurricane, around a 35-cent increase from pre-Harvey levels. This jump was largely the result of coastal oil refineries electing to shut down rather than face potentially catastrophic damage. “It’s interesting because hurricanes generally just affect price,” Cinquegrana said.
“Harvey was a rare instance where it affected production as well.” The refineries affected by Hurricane Harvey are located near Houston. Even though there was some advance notice before Harvey hit, the refineries were flat-footed by the hurricane, said Fred Beach, assistant director for policy studies at UT’s Energy Institute. Since Harvey made landfall to the south of Houston, the storm surge and high winds largely missed the refineries, but the facilities bore the brunt of the heavy rains. “There was little that the refineries could do to prepare for four feet of rain coming from
dUNIVERSITY e
College to Career program focuses on post-college life Reporter
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a report to Provost Maurie McInnis, which is currently under review. Its findings will be implemented at the program’s launch. “Our goal is to help all students develop and transition into their lives after graduation,” Williams said. “The findings from the task force report will help us identify areas where we can improve.” UT currently offers career counseling services through the Vick Center for Strategic Advising and Career Counseling. Molly Gully, director of the Vick Center, said UT places a lot of emphasis on the junior and senior years of students and not much on preparation before that. “I think there could be more emphasis on that exploration and discovery process in those first two years,” Gully said. More attention should be placed on educating students about the many careers and majors available, because students come to college knowing an average of five careers,
Gully said. “I think there could be a lot more emphasis on educating students about the world of work and providing students with the guidance to help them understand themselves,” Gully said. “Then translate that into an academic and career path that they’re going to be successful and happy in.” College to Career will help make sure students are on the right career path, Gully said. “I think there will be informational interviewing happening within those mentorship roles that will help students find a better fit,” Gully said. Geography senior Sarah Rokhsaz said she thinks this new initiative will be a good opportunity for students in the future. “(College to Career) is an incredible opportunity for future graduates to be immersed in the workforce right after graduating, and that’s what everyone hopes for,” Rokhsaz said.
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e The College to Career program will now be able sto launch due to recently eannounced funding from .the University. o At his Sept. 12 State of ethe University Address, UT nPresident Gregory Fenves announced funding from the Available University Fund will be used to start the program. The launch date has yet to be determined. “One of the most important responsibilities the University has is ensuring our students are prepared to succeed when they graduate,” said Joe E. Williams, director of communications in the Office of the Vice President and Provost. In February, the University announced the creation of the College to Career Task Force, which assigned faculty and staff to review UT’s efforts in preparing students for life after graduation. The Task Force submitted
noel mahouch| daily texan file
Panic-buying sparked gas shortages at the Chevron on Guadalupe as residents fought against a thinning supply of oil.
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above,” Beach said. “(The refineries) prepared mainly for a storm surge and high winds, however, flooding caused by torrential rain is what did most of the damage.” Since Harvey, Houston’s refineries have been slowly resuming production. With gas production slowly on the rise, Cinquegrana said gas prices can be expected to return to normal in the near future. “In addition to repairs at the refineries, we can also expect to see gas prices decrease due to the time of year, it’s passed peak driving season,” Cinquegrana said. “Prices should be back down to pre-hurricane levels by October.”
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Thursday, September 28, 2017
COLUMN
Students should become more library-literate By Emily Vernon Senior Columnist
Last week my Children’s Literature professor asked students to bring a baby book to class. She highly recommended we check the book out from the Perry-Castaneda Library, and being college students, we happily went with the option that didn’t require spending any money. When we came back to class with our books in hand, many students enthusiastically gushed that this was their first time checking out a book at the PCL, and that they were surprised at the extensive collections available. One student I spoke with outside of class didn’t even know you could check out the PCL’s books. But obviously, that’s not the case. At the end of the day, the PCL is still a library with a vast number of books available for checkout. “We have a deep, rich print collection here that’s been built over 100 years,” librarian Gina Bastone said. With more than 10 libraries that house over 10 million books, UT’s library system is one of the most extensive collections located on a university campus. UT has gone above and beyond in its efforts to provide students with an extensive library collection, but many students don’t understand how a university library works. That needs to change. It’s admittedly difficult for some students to find the time or energy to read a book — much less search six floors for one. But books always have and always will be relevant, and whether you’re
illustration by weatherly sawyer | daily texan staff
looking for something fictional or something for a project, UT probably has it plus more. And while students may be daunted by the PCL’s massive size, professors can do more to encourage students to utilize the collection and extend their
COLUMN
view of the library as more than just a study space and databases. “I’d tell professors that rather than have librarians come to your classroom, bring your students to the library,” Bastone said. “We play this role of being a central,
welcoming space on campus where everybody can find what they need.” The UT library system has exceeded expectations to curate an extensive book collection. When you first walk into the PCL, immediately to the right is a new releases section that houses some of the more popular modern titles, tangible proof that the collection is continuously updated. As Bastone pointed out, today’s leisurely reading is going to be the future’s scholarship. It’s important that students, especially those who like to read, challenge their conceptions of the PCL as nothing more than a study space. Although this is an integral part of the library and is part of what makes it such a great central hub, it’s still nonetheless a library with a seemingly infinite supply of books waiting to be checked out. Professors and administrators should encourage students to get into the stacks and familiarize with the Library of Congress classification system. Yes, students can easily walk into the library, but with such a large collection it might take a bit of persuasion. More than likely, we’re not going to have access to such an artfully curated collection of titles ever again. Furthermore, library literacy is something we can carry with us in all of our non-academic future endeavors. And if you’re overwhelmed? “Don’t be afraid to ask us for help. You’re not bothering us,” Bastone said. Vernon is an anthropology and rhetoric and writing junior from The Woodlands.
COLUMN
UT’s graduation initiative Inclusive bathrooms must deserves to be celebrated remain a campus priority
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infographic by mingyo lee | daily texan staff
By Spencer Buckner Columnist
In 2012, then-president of UT, William Powers, established a lofty goal: Raise the flagship campus’s four-year graduation rate to 70 percent in five years. Back then, the four-year graduation rate was only 52 percent — still the highest for a Texas public university, but lagging far behind national top-tier institutions. While last week’s report — the one that should have hit the 70 percent mark— came up short at 65.7 percent, the last thing we should do is treat this as a failure. Around the time UT set its sights at 70 percent, Texas public universities were getting national criticism for their unimpressive graduation rates — with one Washington think tank going as far as calling our universities “dropout factories.” Cynics may argue that UT’s motivations for increasing graduation rates lie primarily in boosting the University’s national profile, but because of a clear and intelligent strategy by university officials, the impact is much farther-reaching than simply improving our ranking on the U.S. News & World Report. Arguably the cornerstone of the University’s 70 percent initiative has been the Student Success Initiatives launched in 2013. Through programs created through the Student Success Initiatives, such as the University Leadership Network and 360 Connections, administrators have meaningfully improved retention of “at-risk” freshmen through both monetary aid and community support. The success of these programs cannot be understated. African American and Hispanic Longhorns, who in 2012 graduated 20 percent less often than their white and
Asian peers, have halved that gap. Students whose parents earn less than $40,000 a year now see four-year graduation rates at 58 percent — 20 percent higher than they were in 2012. Our Student Success Initiatives have been nationally lauded because they work. Through bold and effective policy, the same naysayers that once doubted Texas universities now view UT as a role model for increasing graduation rates. UT’s success story is one that deserves to be replicated at campuses around the state and country alike. In today’s economy, a college education is key to prosperity. Without a college degree, a child born into a family in the lowest quintile of income earners has a nearly 50/50 chance of staying there in adulthood. With a college degree, that same child is more likely to be in the highest quintile of income earners than the lowest as an adult. Low income and minority students — the same students UT has reached out to over the past five years — stand the most to gain from initiatives to expand resources and increase graduation rates. Not only should we as a university continue to provide tools for these students to succeed and climb the social ladder, but universities nationwide should as well. In a society where social mobility has been made increasingly harder, in part because of the rising price of college education, UT’s progress and success in lifting the graduation rates of low-income and historically disadvantaged students is incredibly valuable. The University of Texas at Austin is setting a standard in the state of Texas that our other public universities should strive to replicate — not for the sake of climbing college rankings, but for the sake of their students. Buckner is a Plan II and government freshman from Austin.
LEGALESE | Opinions expressed in The Daily Texan are those of the editor, the Editorial Board or the writer of the article. They are not necessarily those of the UT administration, the Board of Regents or the Texas Student Media Board of Operating Trustees.
By Zachary Price Columnist
For the vast majority of UT students, finding a bathroom to use isn’t particularly stressful. But for students who don’t feel comfortable using traditional bathrooms, the experience is vastly more burdensome. According to UT’s Gender and Sexuality Center, many buildings like the Gates-Dell Complex, the Harry Ransom Center and the Belo Center don’t have gender-inclusive bathrooms available to students. Their Gender Inclusive Bathroom Map shows just 45 buildings on campus with gender-inclusive bathrooms. When I lived in Brackenridge Hall dormitory on campus, the only gender-neutral bathroom was in a different wing and down two flights of stairs in Roberts Hall dormitory. While this wasn’t a problem for me personally, it could be a sizable barrier for someone who feels uncomfortable using a communal men’s restroom, whether they be residents or guests. Other residence halls on campus lack gender-inclusive bathrooms entirely. Ashley Choi, a university-wide Student Government representative from 2016–2017, made increasing the number of gender-inclusive bathrooms on campus a priority issue because of a transformative personal experience. Last year, she told The Daily Texan about her struggle finding a gender-inclusive bathroom for her transgender brother, then a prospective student, while touring the university in 2012. Her work on this issue led to a pair of SG resolutions calling for an increase in gender-inclusive bathrooms on campus. In the year since these resolutions passed, however, just five buildings have been added to the gender-inclusive bathroom map. A big part of the problem is the lack of authority Student Government has to enforce their own policies. The SG Assembly passes a lot of resolutions with potential, but it usually relies on the representative that proposes the resolu-
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tion to ensure it’s actually carried out. The assembly also has little-to-no authority over university employees. When the president, a dean or a provost hands down a directive or policy, there’s a general understanding that university employees will follow it. When an SG representative passes a resolution — especially one directly concerning building facilities — this isn’t necessarily the case. Almost all potential changes to bathroom policies lead to building man-
For the vast majority of students, finding a bathroom to use isn’t particularly stressful. But for students who don’t feel comfortable using traditional bathrooms, the experience is vastly more burdensome.” agers — university staff whose job is to oversee and maintain individual buildings on campus. In 2006, the Queer and Trans Student Alliance made a list of more than 180 bathrooms that could easily be converted to gender-inclusive with minimal hassle. To make campus more welcoming for all UT students, it will take a concerted effort by students, and faculty and staff, who want to see change. You can make life easier for your fellow students just by contacting the building managers. Tell them the demand among vulnerable students for single-use bathrooms, and then, once you succeed, get in touch with the Gender and Sexuality Center so they know to update their map. If change is this easy, why aren’t we already doing it? Price is a government sophomore from Austin.
RECYCLE | Please recycle this copy of The Daily Texan. Place the paper in one of the recycling bins on campus or back in the burnt-orange newsstand where you found it. EDITORIAL TWITTER | Follow The Daily Texan Editorial Board on Twitter (@TexanOpinion) and receive updates on our latest editorials and columns.
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JULIANNE HODGES SCIENCE&TECH EDITOR
@thedailytexan
Thursday, September 28, 2017
ENVIRONMENT
PSYCHOLOGY
As oceans warm, coral reefs UT labs seek to use infrared could lose ecological function lasers to alleviate anxiety By Sabrina Tran
By Areeba Khawaja Senior S & T Reporter
S & T Reporter
Climate change poses a serious threat to reef-building corals, but researchers found that corals can adapt to these current events if humans can adapt too. An international group of 22 researchers published a report on the future of reef-building corals, their ability to adapt to climate change and recommendations for human action. They published their predictions on Sept. 1 in Nature Climate Change. Their career-long research culminated at a workshop in Hawaii last year. Corals are animals that secrete calcium carbonate to build reefs, according to UT ecologist Misha Matz, who contributed to the paper. Global warming increases carbon dioxide in the ocean, and this acidification breaks down the calcium carbonate in corals, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Matz added that while global temperatures are rising, corals have the ability to adapt evolutionarily to their environment. “Climate change doesn’t necessarily mean that corals won’t be able to tolerate the heat,” Matz said. “Across different environments, we can already see that three hundred major reef-building species exist in both hot and cold climates. The question is if we can act in time to make sure these temperatures don’t reach an extreme — which they are.” Matz said because of their adaptive power, we don’t need to wait for some magical mutation to come along and help corals fight their environment. The world simply needs to make a conscious and collective decision to fight climate
Two UT labs focusing on anxiety and lasers are working together to determine if infrared lasers directed at the brain can help alleviate symptoms of anxiety. Psychology professor Michael Telch, who runs an anxiety lab, and psychology professor Francisco Gonzalez-Lima, who runs a laser lab, are treating participants for their study on transcranial laser stimulation and anxiety. The researchers are interested in studying triggers such as enclosed spaces, public speaking and germs. Cranial laser stimulation can improve cerebral oxygenation, the amount of oxygen delivered to the brain, according to a 2016 paper by Gonzalez-Lima and researchers Fenghua Tian, Snehal Hase and Hanli Liu. When coupled with depression treatments, laser stimulation can have antidepressant effects on adults with elevated depression symptoms, according to another paper by Gonzalez-Lima and researchers Seth Disner and Christopher Beevers. “These findings suggest that this laser therapy may facilitate the standard treatment of anxiety disorders … by improving the cerebral oxygenation (of the brain),” GonzalezLima said. Gonzalez-Lima’s previous research suggests that the technique of oxygenating the forehead region with laser stimulation may improve the effectiveness
illustration by amber perry | daily texan staff
change instead. “The momentum in climate change is so large that even if we stopped all greenhouse gas emissions today, the earth’s climate would still keep increasing for several decades,” said Greg Torda, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Australian Research Center. Bleaching is another significant threat to corals in addition to global warming, both researchers said. “(Coral bleaching is) a symptom of severe stress, like a fever,” Matz said. Bleaching occurs when the symbiotic relationship with coral and algae is broken, which takes away the brownish-red color and leaves behind transparent, white coral skeletons. “The symbiosis between the coral and its algae is a fragile one — just a few degrees of increase in temperature leads … to the coral getting rid of the algae,” Torda said. According to Torda, corals will never go extinct, but will no longer be able serve the ecosys-
tem if they become rocks. This process already occurred in the rocky reefs of the Caribbean, which Torda said has less than 5 percent coral cover today. “Corals provide shelter, food and habitat to myriads of reef species,” Torda said. “If corals are gone, so are these species, and the entire ecosystem collapses. We will lose food provisioning, coastal protection, cultural values, tourism and recreation. It is not the corals that will lose, but us, humans.” Drastic efforts need to occur in order to make progress, although it is a matter of intention, according to both researchers. One-fifth of the world’s population directly depends on reefs for their livelihood or for the economy, so the effects of coral loss would be detrimental, according to Torda. “We are pretty much on the border, in terms of time left to act, where we could still turn things around if we did the right thing — which, unfortunately, the current leaders of the world are not doing,” Torda said.
illustration by esther shin | daily texan staff
of anxiety treatments. The joint lab is now focusing on a treatment called exposure therapy. Clinical psychology graduate student Eric Zaizar serves as the study conductor and bridge of correspondence between the two labs. He said exposure therapy is a treatment in which a participant is exposed to an anxiety source in a safe space. Zaizar said that in the study, they place claustrophobic participants in enclosed spaces for 15 seconds to see if it will help them overcome their anxiety. In one part of this study, the researchers test the efficacy of laser simulation as a stand-alone treatment. In the other part, exposure therapy is used in conjunction with laser stimulation to test whether or not it can increase the effect of an anxiety treatment. “We are trying to see if it can improve the retention of a memory through psychotherapy,” Zaizar said.
Those who qualify as participants first complete a pre-treatment assessment in the form of a clinical questionnaire, which is immediately followed with the treatment procedure. The researchers shine a laser light on the forehead of participants in test groups for eight minutes, while other participants are placed in placebo groups. Afterward, the participant must complete a post-treatment assessment. Two weeks later, the participant returns to the lab to complete a follow-up assessment. Zaizar said that patients with conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder or other panic disorders may be able to undergo laser treatment as well in the future. According to Zaizar, the Telch and Gonzalez-Lima labs reached the halfway point in the study and are looking for more participants for future statistical comparison of results.
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MICHAEL SHAPIRO SPORTS EDITOR
@texansports
Thursday, September 28, 2017
FOOTBALL
Battered offensive line short on depth Trenton Daeschner Assoc. Sports Editor
Head coach Tom Herman repeated the number just to make sure it registered properly with everyone listening — five. Or maybe Herman uttered the number a second time just to make sure it registered with him. Either way, the realization that Texas’ offensive line only had five players capable of playing in a game hit hard in Herman’s weekly press conference last Monday. Herman and the Longhorns were less than 48 hours removed from a gut-wrenching 27-24 double overtime defeat to then-No. 4 USC at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Junior left tackle Connor Williams suffered a torn meniscus along with a sprained MCL and PCL in his left knee in the second quarter of that game. Williams is out indefinitely after an MRI revealed that the preseason first team All-American needs arthroscopic surgery. Senior Tristan Nickelson was forced to slide over to left tackle for the rest of the USC game, and sophomore Denzel Okafor settled in at right tackle. Currently, the offensive line’s
gabriel lopez| daily texan staff
Senior Tristan Nickelson, 75, and sophomore Zach Shackelford, 56, run-block against San Jose State on Sept. 9. Texas’ offensive line has experienced numerous injuries this season.
lineup heading into Thursday night’s game at Iowa State has Nickelson and Okafor at those same positions. Juniors Patrick Vahe and Jake McMillon are at left and right guard, and sophomore Zach Shackelford is at center. But outside of those five, Texas doesn’t have much help or experience up front. Herman said on Tuesday that junior center Terrell Cuney is back from injury and that freshman right tackle Derek Kerstetter is “playing well” in practice. But don’t expect to see any reserves
against the Cyclones unless Texas really gets into a bind. “Right now the five guys that are gonna start are playing at a higher level than those two guys,” Herman said. “So there won’t be any rotation or anything like that. But if we get in a pinch, at least those guys are serviceable at this point.” The depth shortage on the offensive line has been felt most notably in the running game. The Longhorns struggled to run the ball against USC, with junior Chris Warren III and sophomore Kyle Porter
combining for only nine carries and 24 yards. “When you can’t get your run game going, no one likes that, specifically on the O-line,” McMillon said. “But that’s something we’re working at.” During their bye week, the Longhorns had plenty of pondering to do with the running game. “It has been a lot of idea-sharing, a lot of self-reflection, a lot of critiquing of who we are, what we can be, what we need to be, what our personnel will allow us to be,”
Herman said. “We’ve lost three of our best run-blockers in Andrew Beck, Elijah Rodriguez and Connor Williams. And we’re three games into the season. Does that mean we’re gonna stop running the football? No. But we’ve gotta figure out ways to get in formations and to call runs that allow the guys that are playing to be successful running the football.” The aforementioned Beck, a senior tight end, and Rodriguez, a redshirt junior right tackle, were lost in preseason camp. Beck is out for the season with a fractured foot and Rodriguez is out indefinitely with an ankle injury. Redshirt freshman offensive guard Patrick Hudson is also out for the season with a torn ACL. But even with the injuries on the offensive line, the Longhorns still plan to utilize their running game early and often. They get a chance to prove their rushing attack’s viability on Thursday night against Iowa State in Ames, Iowa, as the Longhorns open Big 12 play. “We feel like we’ve addressed (the running game),” Herman said. “I think you’ll see some new wrinkles. We’ve been definitely at the drawing board in that offensive staff room for the better part of a week and a half.”
SWIMMING
VOLLEYBALL
Longhorns open season with Orange-White meet
Texas completes sweep over Baylor Keshav Prathivad
Senior Joseph Schooling is a butterfly specialist. He won a gold medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics in the 100 meter butterfly, defeating Michael Phelps.
Sports Reporter
joshua guerra daily texan staff
By Tabatha Kidd Sports Reporter
Returning from an impressive 2016-17 campaign, the Longhorns are ready to kick off a new season with the Orange-White meet beginning Thursday for the women’s team and Friday for the men’s. The women’s team is entering its season after a Big 12 title and fifth-place finish at the NCAA Championships in 2016-17. With hopes of claiming the team’s first NCAA championship since 1991, the Longhorns bring back a slew of veterans who look to repeat a strong showing in Big 12 play. Add in a talented freshman class, alongside junior Joanna Evans, sophomore Claire Adams and senior Rebecca Millard, and the
Longhorns pose a challenge for the Big 12 crown. The men’s team will enter 2017-18 on the back of its third-consecutive NCAA title — the 13th in school history. Leading the charge for the burnt orange is Townley Haas. The junior from Richmond, Va., dominated the competition last season to the tune of an NCAA title in the 200 freestyle, the 4x100 meter freestyle relay and the 4x200 meter freestyle relay. Haas also competed for the United States in the 2016 Rio Olympics, claiming gold in the 4x200 meter freestyle relay. Joining Haas is senior Joseph Schooling. The butterfly specialist built off his 2016 gold medal for Singapore at the Olympics in the 100 meter butterfly, impressing
during the collegiate season with national titles in the 200 and 400 meter medley relays. Along with Haas, he’ll attempt to lead a veteran Longhorn roster. With the upcoming Orange-White meet, both teams are hoping to fine-tune their forms. The Longhorns will be comfortable at home swimming at the Lee and Joe Jamail Texas Swimming Center, practicing for their first meet of the year at Florida on Oct. 20. The Orange-White meet will begin with the women’s team competition on Thursday at 3:30 p.m. The men’s competition will begin on Friday at 3 p.m. Both events will take place at the Lee and Joe Jamail Texas Swimming Center.
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Bitmojis bring out the best in people. For the No. 5 Longhorns, bitmojis brought out their best performance Wednesday night. Texas took care of business on “Bitmoji Night” against Baylor in a 3-0 sweep at Gregory Gym. With five players each accounting for over six kills, the Longhorns used solid setting and a relentless attack to put the Bears to sleep. “We’ve been trying to get our groove down (and) get the right set,” freshman outside hitter Lexi Sun said. “Tonight really showed all the hard work (we’ve put in) so far.” Both teams played a scrappy first set with hitting percentages below .110, but the Longhorns won most of the 50-50 balls and clung to a four-point lead during the set. And with a couple of floaters over the net, Texas caught Baylor off guard and grabbed control early with a 25-19 win in the first frame. The second set saw Texas take the lead immediately and maintain it throughout the majority of the set. But a late Baylor push got the match to a set point in the Bears’ favor. “We didn’t panic,” head coach Jerritt Elliott said. “We set back up and continued to play what we were doing.” Both teams exchanged a pair of points until sophomore outside hitter Micaya White’s kill gave Texas a 28-26 win in the second set, sending Gregory Gym into a frenzy. The Longhorns flexed their muscles on defense as a strong blocking front stopped several potential Baylor kills. Blocks up front from senior outside hitter Ebony Nwanebu and junior middle blocker Morgan Johnson helped the Longhorns gain separation in clutch
situations. “We focused a lot on being aggressive on defense,” freshman setter Ashley Shook said. “(Our defense) was all communication-based, and that’s where (our success) came from.” Nwanebu enjoyed a strong night up front and tallied eight kills, contributing to Texas’ .379 clip in the third set. Texas stormed out of the gate in the third set, building an early six-point lead which it would never cede. White’s kill put an exclamation point on the offensive barrage as Texas cruised to a 25-17 victory in the final frame. The Longhorns’ sluggish start did raise some questions as struggles on the offensive end were prevalent in the first frame. As the defense carried Texas early on, its attack slowly got going and paved the way to victories in the final two frames. As Texas enjoyed the victory, it also saw strong contributions from its star freshmen duo of Sun and Shook. Shook posted her sixth double-double of her short career, totaling 31 assists and 15 digs. “It’s like a dream come true,” Shook said. “I could go anywhere and anyone could get the kill.” As Texas reaches the halfway point of the season, the team realizes the need for consistency on the offensive end, as one bad night could cost the Longhorns a match. “We’re getting into a bit more of a tempo and working on that,” Elliott said. “It takes time in building that trust, and we got better and better as the match went on.” The Longhorns will have a short break before returning to Gregory Gym to take on Kansas State on Saturday.
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Brief headline, avoid bad breaks here The Texas men’s basketball team will offer a first look at its team in the Texas Tip-Off at Gregory Gym for a third-straight season, the program announced on Wednesday. The Longhorns’ intrasquad scrimmage will be on Oct. 18 at 7 p.m. The first 3,000 fans will be allowed in to Gregory Gym. The scrimmage will be broadcast on Longhorn Network, and admission for the scrimmage is free. The Texas Tip-Off started in head coach Shaka Smart’s first season on the 40 Acres. The annual intrasquad scrimmage has been a chance for the Longhorns to bring basketball back to Gregory Gym. The Longhorns played in Gregory Gym up until 1977 before they moved into the Frank Erwin Center. This year, nine players from last season’s roster return to Texas, including sophomore guard Andrew Jones, junior guard Eric Davis Jr. and junior guard Kerwin Roach II. The Longhorns added notable players in their 2017 recruiting class with the additions of freshman point guard Matt Coleman and freshman forward Mohamed Bamba. Texas will open its 2017-18 season at home on Nov. 10 against Northwestern State. The Longhorns are coming off of an 11-22 campaign and a last-place finish in the Big 12 in 2016-17.
—Trenton Daeschner
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Sophomore outside hitter Micaya White goes for a kill against Baylor on Wednesday at Gregory Gym. White had 11 kills.
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Thursday, September 28, 2017
CROSSWORD; Black
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MORGAN O’HANLON LIFE&ARTS EDITOR
@thedailytexan
Thursday, September 28, 2017
MUSIC
Music writer discusses career experience From writing for Grammy Magazine and Forbes, to performing in the same lineup BY RUBEN with the likes of Kendrick Lamar PAQUAIN and Lupe Fiasco, Ogden Payne has Life & Arts found himself in the center of muReporter sic industry. The Austin native has made a career commenting on the rap and hip-hop music scene, writing on up-and-coming artists and industry trends. On Thursday, Payne will share advice on breaking into the business side of the music industry at the Euphoria ATX meeting. Payne said he plans to talk about his own personal experiences as a music writ-
“I was making what I felt was small strides when everyone else I was looking at (was) making long strides.” —Ogden Payne
er, as well as tips on networking and developing a personal brand. “Even if you don’t have a career in the music industry, this will help you in whatever aspect you decide to do,” Payne said. The visit is part of his For the Students Tour, a lecture series devised to help an interdisciplinary range of students interested in music find direction in their careers. As a student, Payne said he struggled to find his place in the industry and had to learn a lot on his
own. Now, Payne wants to aid those going through similar experiences. “I was making what I felt was small strides when everyone else I was looking at (was) making long strides,” Payne said. “Essentially I created (For the Students) because I knew this was something I wanted.” For The Students and Euphoria ATX share the common goal of connecting students to the music world. Established in 2014 by two McCombs students, the Euphoria ATX’s goal is to provide students with access to industry professionals and connect them with Austin’s music scene. They meet bi-weekly, hosting speakers from companies like C3 Present as well as putting on shows with local and student artists around Austin. Euphoria ATX Co-President Jared Huskey said he is excited to add Payne to the list of professionals to speak for the organization. “We have so many people with so many different talents,” Huskey said. “It’s (going to) be really dope having Ogden Payne come because I don’t (think) we’ve had a music writer come speak to us before.” During his presentation, Payne will also discuss details for a $500 dollar scholarship he’s awarding at the end of the tour to further help struggling students. Payne said he wants students to
CITY
Documentarian seeks to protect Barton Springs By Athulya Rajakumar Life & Arts Reporter
Every city has its own claim to fame — a famous restaurant, a historical monument, an urban legend. Austin has several, but Barton Springs may just be the crown jewel. Barton Springs sits near the grounds of Zilker Park, filled with three acres of water from nearby natural springs and boasting an unbeatable view of the city skyline. With a year-round temperature of around seventy degrees, the pool is a hotspot for professional athletes, elderly regulars and everyone in-between. Senior radio-television-film lecturer Karen Kocher has produced documentaries on the history of the springs since the early nineties. Originally from New Jersey, Kocher first visited Barton Springs as a UT graduate student looking to cool off in the Texas heat. During her final year, she produced her first film about the political situation around the springs at the time. During this phase of the pool’s life, it was at risk for pollution due to developers who wanted to build in its surrounding areas. “So many people enjoy it, but a lot of people take it for granted,” Kocher said. For Kocher, that initial
documentary was a stepping stone to the rest of her work on the springs for the next nearly 30 years. “It’s really a matter of understanding my place in the world,” Kocher said. “Being in nature helps me to put that in perspective.” Her current project, Living Springs, is a continuation of the first documentary she made about Barton Springs during her graduate school years. This documentary series explores the historical and cultural significance of this place, which many call the “soul” of Austin. There certainly are plenty of stories to tell. Long before the pool was built, local native American tribes considered the spring water sacred and used it for purification rituals. Kocher said even today, the springs are used for baptisms, and Jewish cleansing ceremonies (Mikvah), and Buddhist Monks occasionally come to bless the water. Wayne Simmons, Aquatic Program Manager of the Austin Parks & Recreation Division, said Barton is a place for everyone from all walks of life to come together. “It’s unique to Texas,” Simmons said. “It’s an iconic spot for community gathering, and there’s just no other place
like it.” Steve Barnick, president of local organization Friends of Barton Springs, said because people love the pool so much, they’re willing to fight for the things that keep it unique — such as the endangered salamanders that are endemic to its waters. “They are the most important part,” Barnick said. “It goes salamanders, the springs and then the people.” Barnick also organizes monthly beautification projects on the springs and the surrounding fields with a group of local volunteers. Apart from producing her documentaries of the springs, which have been nationally distributed, Kocher’s work is also on display at the Barton Springs Splash Exhibit, where it plays for visitors. With the continuous development of Austin and thousands moving here every year, Kocher said the springs need our help now more than ever. “The battle to protect the springs is ongoing,” Kocher said. “Barton springs will never be saved: We have to save it everyday.”
illustration by madi beavers | daily texan staff
make the most out of their time in college and to take advantage of the resources available to them now. “Do as much as you can for your career as possible,” Payne said. “Now is the time to get a head start, now is the time to pull the whole ‘Oh I’m just a poor student can you help me,’ now is the time to do everything you can. Of course make sure you have fun, but be serious, and be intentional about what you want to do.”
illustration by rachel tyler daily texan staff
CAMPUS
“Cuz” reflects on personal damage from War on Drugs By Albert Zhao Senior Life & Arts Reporter
When Sen. Joe Biden authored a 1994 tough-oncrime bill that would ramp up prison sentences for repeated felonies, Texas and California were already ahead of the curve. Both states had “ThreeStrikes” laws, which were put in place to fight rising drug use and gang violence in the aftermath of Nixon’s “War on Drugs” in 1971. The consequences of these laws, particularly among black youth, are examined in Harvard professor Danielle Allen’s memoir “Cuz,” a story of the author losing her kid cousin to the California prison system and ultimately gang violence. Allen’s story focuses on the case of her cousin Michael, a 16-year-old boy who fell victim to the state’s Three-Strikes law. After failing to rob a man’s car with a gun at a gas station, Michael confessed to the police of two other robberies that he was not on the record for. His honesty hurt more than it helped him. The judge ruled that Michael committed over four felonies in one fell swoop, directly opening the teenager to a third-strike (he was technically on his fourth) that could bring 25 years to life in prison unless he took a plea deal. When Michael did, Allen and his family were devastated by the ensuing 13-year ruling. “When you’re sixteen, the farthest back you can remember is only about thirteen years. That’s the whole of your life,” Allen writes. “Michael’s sentence was equivalent, in psychological terms, to the whole of his life.” However, the greatest tragedy occured after Michael’s return to gang life after release. Twenty-nineyear-old Michael was shot and murdered by a transgender gangster and prison mate, Bree, whom Michael fell in love with as a teen growing up in a cell, and shared an abusive relation-
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“CUZ” PAGES: 243 SCORE:
ship with. “How could it be? How could it be? How could it be?” Allen writes. “Michael had made his life-defining choice.” After his release, Allen argues Michael chose his toxic relationship with Bree over his family’s offers for a fresh start, such as sending him to community college, because he longed for the familiar comforts that prison nurtured him with. Allen says Michael is one of many familial scars left all over the country from the ’90s crackdown on crime. Violent recidivism is a byproduct of sending juveniles to adult prison instead of rehabilitating them, Allen points out. This phenomenon is not unusual, including in Texas. A 2011 study by the LBJ School of Public Af-
fairs found juveniles who were sent to Texas prisons for adults for over a year were more likely to become violent and return to prison after release. The study also said on the national level, juveniles who served less than a year had a 100 percent higher risk of violent recidivism. Towards the end of her book, Allen views the death of Michael as a bitter consequence of reactionary measures from the War on Drugs. Because Michael lost his formative years in prison, it set him on the path of no return and made rehabilitation more unlikely. “When nuclear tests bombs are set off underground, they leave a crater on the surface of the earth that will collapse only much later. This, I think, is what the Three Strike laws and the constant upward ratchet in penal severity have been like,” Allen writes. “The people standing on the earth’s surface conducted their lives as usual. They figured out what was really going on only after the earth had cratered beneath them.”