The Dental Technician Magazine August 2021 by The Dental Technician Magazine

VO L 74 N O. 8 I A U G U S T 2 0 2 1 I B Y S U B S C R I P T I O N

THE CURIOUS DEMISE OF THE DENTAL TECHNICIAN BY MATT EVERATT, EDITOR PAGES 24-25 A THANK YOU FROM

DEN-TECH PAGE 6

LIFE OUTSIDE THE LAB WITH ASHLEY BYRNE PAGES 28-29

VERIFIABLE ECPD FOR THE WHOLE DENTAL TEAM

THIS MONTH... l

DENTAL TECHNOLOGY: VITA I MULTIFUNCTIONAL TEETH (MFT) P. 10-11

INSIGHT: NEW HEALTH BILL OPENS WATER FLUORIDATION BREAK THROUGH I BY SIR PAUL BERESFORD P. 13

TECHNICIANS INSIGHT: REPAIRS AND REGULATIONS I BY ANDY SANSON P. 26-27

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CONTENTS

AUGUST 2021 Editor: Matt Everatt F.O.T.A. E: editor@dentaltechnician.org.uk Designer: Sharon (Bazzie) Larder E: inthedoghousedesign@gmail.com Advertising Manager: Chris Trowbridge E: sales@dentaltechnician.org.uk T: 07399 403602

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Andrea Johnson Ashley Byrne Ross Chapman Sharaz Mir Sir Paul Beresford

PUBLISHED BY THE DENTAL TECHNICIAN MAGAZINE, PO BOX 2279, PULBOROUGH, RH20 9BR. T: 01372 897463

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Welcome Welcome from the editor

Charity A thank you from Den-Tech

Events Candulor Event Announcement

Dental Technology VITA: Multifunctional Teeth

10-11

Insight

NEW ADDRESS

The Dental Technician Magazine is an independent publication and is not associated with any professional body or commercial establishment other than the publishers. Views expressed in this journal are not necessarily those of the editor, publisher or the editorial advisory board. Unsolicited manuscripts and photographs are welcome, though no liability can be accepted for any loss or damage, howsoever caused. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the express permission of the editor or the publisher.

SUBSCRIPTIONS The Dental Technician, Select Publisher Services Ltd, PO Box 6337, Bournemouth BH1 9EH

Extend your subscription by recommending a colleague There is a major change in CPD coming soon. The Dental Technician Magazine is a must read. Tell your colleagues to subscribe and if they do so we will extend your subscription for 3 months.

New health bill opens water fluoridation break through. By Sir Paul Beresford The Curious Demise of the Dental Technician. By Matt Everatt, Editor

13 24-25

Obituary DTA’s tribute to Dame Margaret Seward 1935 -2021

DTS 2022

Laboratory Software Focus Transactor Lab Manager Evident Lab Software

18-19 20-21

ECPD Free Verifiable ECPD & ECPD questions

22-23

Technicians Insight Repairs and regulations . By Andy Sanson Life outside the lab: My love of a BBQ! With Ashley Byrne

26-27 28-29

Marketplace Zirkonzahn/3Shape Kemdent/Carestream Dental/MEDENTiKA® ASC

32 33

Classifieds

The only condition is that they have not subscribed to the magazine for more than 12 months. Just ask them to call the Subscriptions Hotline. With four colleagues registered that means your subscription would be extended for a year free of charge. At only £39.95 per year, for UK residents, this must be the cheapest way of keeping up to date. Help your colleagues to keep up to date as well. Ask them to call the subscriptions Hotline on 01202 586 848 now.

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08:11

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BAR HEADER WELCOME

Welcome

TO YOUR AUGUST 2021 ISSUE By Matt Everatt F.O.T.A I Editor

elcome to your August edition of The Dental Technician Magazine. We are thundering our way through the year, I had a discussion with a colleague the other day about ‘closing up the year’. Seems crazy to be talking about wrapping up the year so soon.

Freedom day came and went with very little excitement, I think we are all so tired of the constant changes and U Turns, rules, guidance, testing, tracing, pinging and all the other new words we have added to the dictionary. It does seem like we are getting some normality back, lets just hope we don’t ever have to experience another lockdown or bout of home-schooling.

The outlook on our labs seems to be rosey at the moment. I am seeing so many job adverts seeking Dental Technicians to fill new roles due to increased demand. This is great news, just 16 months ago I remember sitting in my garden thinking 15 years of business could be gone in no time. I was worrying about laying staff off and how they will pay their bills and feeds their kids. Now we are faced with having to ask our team to do lots of overtime because we cannot employ new recruits quick enough. What an incredible turnaround, and I do hope you are all enjoying a similar turnaround.

I am aware that some Dental Exhibitions are planned to start back up again in September. I never thought I’d be saying I am quite looking forward to wandering around the NEC or London Olympia again. If we do see shows open up again, do make sure you say hello. As your editor, I have just completed a year in post. I was so excited to take on the challenge, in the footsteps of Larry Browne, it was by no means going to be easy. My aim was to try and bring varied content to you all, I wanted to touch on aspects of life in general as well as life as a Dental Technician. I want to thank all of you who have already contributed a great deal of time and effort helping us make the magazine fresh and read worthy. I would like to welcome new contributors to come forward, it may seem quite daunting for some, we are here to help if needed. I was never a great reader or writer and believe it or not, I was terrified when people would proof read my work. It was very exciting to see my hard work appear in a magazine or an article, I think my wife was my biggest and only fan! The kids think I am famous because I write in a magazine, which is of course hilarious and I totally milk it if I need to get them to do some chores or help me. So, if you want to share the same perks and stardom, why not get in touch and share some of your work, tell us about a course you attended or tell us something interesting about you. I do hope you all have an incredible August; I will see you at the other end in September.

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CHARITY

DEN-TECH WOULD LIKE TO SAY...THANK YOU

hank you for the donations of materials and equipment that has enabled us to set up a dental training facility In the University of Puthisastra in Cambodia, this will support and enable the countries first ever official training facility and dental technology qualification. Thank you for materials and equipment that is, at this very moment, waiting to be shipped out to Uganda, it will be used to set up a dental laboratory in the Destiny Medical centre that will serve the local community, local orphanage, the people that work there and their families. We hope that very soon we will be able to offer volunteering trips to both of these places, to enable you, as incredibly skilled and knowledgeable technicians, to share some of your amazing knowledge with these new technicians and give them the knowledge and support they need to become the countries technicians of the future. To enable them to serve their local communities, to earn a decent living and to leave a lasting legacy of skills and knowledge in that country. Thank you also for giving up your time, skills and resources in your very own labs to help make dentures for free for both our veterans and the homeless in the UK, you have helped to restore their ability to eat and drink a healthy diet, you have helped to restore their dignity, their smiles and have given them the chance to look and feel normal again, to know that they are valued and cared for when they need it the most. Thank you to those of you who have sponsored us, ran fundraising events for us and have gone the extra mile for us. Thank you to all the wonderful dental companies that have shown their support, who have sent us materials that would have otherwise have been thrown away, that have donated new equipment and materials to our causes, that have supported us by running CPD events and passing on the funds raised, the reps that spread the word for us to the labs that they visit, the event organisers that offer us a stand, publicity & hospitality, and of course, the dental technician magazine and Dental Technicians Great Britain Facebook group who offer year round support.

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There is no price that can be put on what you have done for our charity and the people we serve and no thanks great enough, but please just know, that without you, without the support and generosity of you, all none of this would be possible. So, on behalf of the Den-Tech board of trustees we thank you from the bottom of our hearts.

If you have not yet got involved and wish to volunteer, make a donation or ask a question please scan the QR code for our contact details and get in touch. We would love to hear from you.

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TECHNICIANS INSIGHT EVENTS

THE PROSTHETICS TALK SHOW BY SSOP

WITH THE “LEGENDS OF PROSTHETICS” l Zurich, August 2021: Three great names of the dental world - Jürg Stuck, Max Bosshart and Peter Lerch - will meet up for a unique round table on November 6 in Leipzig.

The Swiss School of Prosthetics by Candulor and the Quintessenz Verlag present a new format: THE PROSTHETICS TALK SHOW. This is where the "Who's Who" of the dental world meets. We take a peek behind the facade of the personalities and look forward to an encounter of a very special kind. We leave the Covid situation behind us and delve into the past as well as the present of the three legends and allow them to look into the future. Perspectives on a wide variety of prosthetic topics will be discussed in a direct, honest and unbiased manner. Each one of them - Jürg Stuck, Max Bosshart and Peter Lerch - has made a name for himself in the dental world which is not so easy to ignore. Topics such as patient focus, communication, diagnostics, full and partial dentures are their pet subjects, accompanied by their decades of enthusiasm. They place great importance to viewing

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patients holistically and helping them within the scope of their expertise and possibilities. They stand for knowledge transfer and have been sharing their experience for decades. The event will be moderated by Hans Joachim Lotz, who, as an all-rounder, will put the three gentlemen through their paces. In this context, the rankings of the 2021 KunstZahnWerk competition will be announced. It will remain exciting until the end, to find out who the jury has chosen. The PROSTHETICS TALK SHOW is a hybrid event. You can either attend in person on site in this unique event or connect from home. Tickets are available here: www.quint.link/prosthetics-talk-2021 CANDULOR AG, Boulevard Lilienthal 8 CH-8152 Glattpark (Opfikon) Tel: +41 (0) 44 805 90 00 Fax: +41 (0) 44 805 90 90 Web: www.candulor.com Email: candulor@candulor.ch

ABOUT CANDULOR AG:

l CANDULOR AG is a worldwide exporting dental company with its headquarters in Switzerland. CANDULOR's customers benefit from a complete prosthetic system: a combination of esthetics, design and functionality. Together with the science-based positioning system according to Prof. Dr. A. Gerber (Condyloform®) the physiological positioning system (Bonartic®) forms the basis of this system. The portfolio also includes the highly esthetic NFC+ tooth lines, products for registration and articulation as well as for completion and characterization. Dental technicians and dentists have trusted the Swiss products for more than 80 years to meet the esthetic demands of their patients. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT candulor.com

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DENTAL TECHNOLOGY

VITA MULTIFUNCTIONAL TEETH (MFT): Integrated Aesthetics and Easy Centric for Economical Rehabilitations By Daniel Lavrin

enture patients often ask for cost-effective solutions that simultaneously offer individual aesthetics and proper function. Practitioners desire simple and reproducible set-ups that accomplish efficient workflows and offer their patients economical solutions without any issues. In order to fulfill all these expectations, choosing the right denture teeth is essential.

Fig. 1

In this case report, denturist and dental technician Daniel Lavrin (London, England) demonstrates how VITA Multifunctional Teeth (VITA MFT, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) can be used to create new dentures in the upper and lower jaw.

CLINICAL SITUATION

A 52 year-old male patient presented in the clinic with a fractured upper denture. During his first clinical visit, it became obvious that the old dentures had extreme functional deficits, including poor aesthetics. The denture in the lower jaw presented with missing teeth in regions 33 and 43, after the extraction of the patient’s natural teeth. No occlusal contacts on the right molars or a general substantial loss of the vertical dimension were visible. The class III set-up did not offer functionality and stability. The denture teeth were severely abraded and looked dull. The patient did not use his lower denture because it didn’t offer stability when he talked or chewed. The upper and lower alveolar ridge presented signs of atrophy, resulting from extractions and a missing load. It was determined to rehabilitate the patient with new dentures. The goal was to switch the bite to class I in normal occlusion and to give the patient functional security. Denture fit and comfort, as well as aesthetics, needed to be re-established.

Fig. 2

CLINICAL PRE-TREATMENT

Alginate impressions were taken and anatomical models fabricated to create individual trays. The mucodynamic impression on the tray rim took place with rigid Impression Compound (Kerr

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DENTAL TECHNOLOGY

Dental, Biberach, Germany). In a second step, the bony anatomy was moulded with low viscosity A-silicone using Virtual Light Body (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Master models were poured out and light-cured plates with a wax bite block were fabricated on them. The intraoral bite registration in centric position was realized with the A-silicone CADbite (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). The articulation of the master models was configured according to the bite registration, followed by the creation of the wax try-in.

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

SET-UP AND TRY-IN

The set-up took place with VITA Multifunctional Teeth. The anterior teeth were chosen in accordance with the patient. In the aesthetic zone, different shades were used to increase individuality. Due to the natural tooth axis and coordinated angle characteristics, the front teeth could be matched quickly. The occlusal design of VITA MFT Posterior offered an easy and reliable centric with buccal contacts during the set-up. The lingualized occlusion provided optimized denture stability. Extreme care was taken during the waxup for the full contour of the anatomical gingiva. Based on the clinical situation, the bite-registration was taken with the set-up during try-in in order to check static and dynamic occlusion in the articulator.

FINALIZATION AND OUTCOME

The final set-up was duplicated with hydrocolloid for flasking and transferred into polymer with the auto-polymerizing and pourable Castdon Resin (Dreve Dentamid, Unna, Germany). To establish an individual and lifelike gingival architecture, internal colours of the DentureArt System (also Dreve Dentamid) were applied into the flask before the pouring technique took place. After the polymerization, excess sprue, bubbles and small defects were removed with a rotating instrument. Polishing was conducted with pumice and shine on a polishing wheel. A handpiece and a bristle brush were used to finish the teeth around their necks and margins. The functional aspect of switching from a class III to a class I bite was done successfully. The optimized fit of the new dentures provided stability and comfort. The aesthetic zone presented an excellent aesthetic play of light and colours. The patient was extremely satisfied with his new economical rehabilitations. VITA® and other VITA products mentioned are registered trademarks of VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Säckingen, Germany.

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9 Fig. 1: In addition to the fracture of the upper denture, the old rehabilitations presented functional and aesthetic deficits. Fig. 2: The alveolar ridges presented bone resorption following extractions and a missing load. Fig. 3: The gingival anatomy was simulated meticulously in the wax set-up. Fig. 4: The wax set-up looked very natural and individual. Fig. 5: The patient felt very comfortable during the tryin and agreed to have the rehabilitation transferred into polymer. Fig. 6: The finished dentures showed a lifelike gingival anatomy and a natural play of light and colours with VITA MFT. Fig. 7: The upper incisors in different colours established individual aesthetics. Fig. 8: The overlapping and irregular positioning of the incisors provided a custom, natural appearance. Fig. 9: The patient was very pleased with the final outcome of the rehabilitations.

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INSIGHT

NEW HEALTH BILL OPENS WATER FLUORIDATION BREAK THROUGH By Sir Paul Beresford

hocking sights like the one pictured right are all too common for dentists in England. The child who owns these teeth is probably about six or seven and has a mixture of baby and permanent teeth - all of which are severely decayed. Like so many of England’s children today, most if not all will need extracting because of extensive decay and the prospect for the second teeth is not good. This is in spite of the fact that dental decay, or caries, is virtually entirely preventable which makes the situation a disgrace to our modern society. I first started practising dentistry in a deprived area in East London. The state of dentition there shocked me, especially the state of children’s dentition. It was not the deprivation that caused this; it was poor diet and the almost complete lack of oral hygiene. Put simply, the kids and parents did not brush their teeth. Some parents did not even know that toothbrushes existed. If you went into the supermarket, the shelves were packed with biscuits and cakes, whereas there was little meat or vegetables. Go to less deprived areas and it is the other way round. So, it is not the deprivation; it is the shoppers - the parents.

Furthermore, the cost is currently laid on the local authorities, but the benefits are reaped by the NHS, so there is little or no incentive financially for local authorities themselves.

high and the researchers noted teeth with a remarkable lack of decay but slightly stained teeth, now known as fluorosis. Further research over many years in many countries have shown that setting the level of fluoride to 0.7 milligrams per litre gave the protection from decay without the marking. The fluoride strengthened the hydroxyapatite of enamel by linking to produce fluorohydroxyapatite. This produces a protective effect which reduces the impact of a high sugar diet and poor oral hygiene. Community water fluoridation schemes have operated for more than 70 years; the first scheme was introduced in the US in 1945. The first substantive UK scheme was established in part of Birmingham in 1964. Birmingham dentists can immediately see when a child opens its mouth whether he or she is from the fluoride area or not by the state of the teeth. Sadly, community water fluoridation in England only covers 10% of water supplies. This means only around 5.8 million people in England receive fluoridated water.

The new NHS Bill, that received Second Reading 10 or so days ago, will change that. It will become the responsibility of the NHS centrally to instruct the water companies to fluoridate their water. There will have to be local consultation - which sadly will raise cries of fear and damnation from the sorts of people that have been making similar noises against COVID vaccinations. There will be claims that it causes cancer, that the Nazis used it as a poison in extermination camps, that it gives brittle bone disease and that it causes venereal disease. If so, as I pointed out to a dissenter last week, the health of the population of Australia, Canada, the USA, New Zealand and many other countries would be in a disastrous situation. The safety of fluoridation has been proven beyond doubt in the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand where 60 to 80% of their water supplies are fluoridated.

Better diet, regular and (for children) supervised toothbrushing and fluoridated water supplies are the answer.

In the most deprived areas fluoridation of water has been shown to reduce tooth decay in 5-year-olds by a third, and more so for older children and in time adults.

Hastings, New Zealand was one of the first to fluoridate their water supplies in 1954. When the then Mayor of Hastings pulled the lever to set the fluoridation in action the outcry was enormous. Every ach and pain suffered was set at the fluoride. To make matters worse – for New Zealand the tea took on a funny taste. Some weeks later it was quietly announced that the lever was actually not connected as a required part had not arrived from the UK. The benefits were spread nationwide as other areas were fluoridated. Only dental benefits, with no negative effects have ever been seen in any correctly fluoride areas.

Water fluoridation is clinically proven for nearly a a century to improve oral health and reduce oral health inequalities. This was first noticed in water supplies in the US where fluoride was occurring naturally. I believe the first investigation the level was a little too

Currently it is the responsibility of local authorities to instruct the water companies to fluoridate their water supply. This is a cumbersome procedure in that it is exceptionally rare that local authority boundaries are coterminous with those of the water companies.

Perhaps fluoridation combined with the Chief Dental Officer Sara Hurley’s drive to teach children to properly brush their teeth means we can actually be proud and lead the world in producing a population with wholesome natural teeth and smiles.

Pre-pandemic, children, with smiles like the one shown above occupied 177 clinical general anaesthetic extraction cases daily in hospitals - a complete waste of our services. The latest figure that I have seen is that 23,529 children between the ages of five and nine were admitted to hospital annually prepandemic because they had tooth decay.

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OBITUARY

DTA’S TRIBUTE TO DAME MARGARET SEWARD

1935 -2021

Dame Margaret Seward was an inspirational woman who championed the team approach to dental care. She showed immense support and guidance to both dental technology and clinical dental technology during her lifetime. As one time President of the BDA, GDC President and then Chief Dental Officer Dame Margaret along with numerous journal editorships she always looked for improvements to support dental care. It was Margaret Seward who set up the Dental Technicians Education and Training Advisory Board (DTETAB), under the auspices of the General Dental Council, in support of the under recognised UK dental technicians. The first meeting of this new group took place in January 1986 and

was chaired by Margaret, and it quickly become the recognised body for dental technicians. The GDC was actively involved for the first three years as then DTETAB became an independent professional body in 1989. Her foresight was instrumental in developing the organisation that represents dental technicians today as the Dental Technologists Association. Tony Griffin, former President and Chair of DTA said: “Dame Margaret continually strove to improve UK dentistry and in that to support the Dental Technicians role within the Oral Health Care team. She inspired and encouraged all those in Dental Technology and Clinical Dental Technology to develop their profession to meet the future needs of our communities”.

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DTS 2022

ENCOURAGING ENCOUNTERS l

Given how hard the past year has been, everyone deserves something to look forward to. For an opportunity to connect with others that share the same passion and drive to succeed, don’t miss the Dental Technology Showcase (DTS) 2022! With a focus on boosting interactions between lab owners, product experts and trade members, DTS is the perfect event for one and all to come together and form relationships with a vast range of fellow professionals.

Whether you’re looking to expand your network or reunite with past associates, save the date for the next DTS 2022 today!

ADVANCING SAFETY IN DENTAL TECHNOLOGY l Register your interest for the next Dental Technology

Showcase for the chance to be a part of some of the most exciting debates and discussions surrounding how we protect the future of the profession, including advancing safety. The last year has been particularly tough for UK dental labs and 2022 is going to be incredibly important to futureproof the industry. The event pledges to address some of the most important issues of our time – from digital to employment – and bring in some of the most preeminent voices of the profession. With the dental lab identified as the fourth most dangerous profession for indoor air quality, improving safety across the industry will be one such important issue for discussion. Key topics for debate will include what solutions can be implemented to improve the air quality in labs as well as making the industry safer as a whole. Can you afford to miss out on the conversation? Book your place at the Dental Technology Showcase 2022 today and have your say on the future of the industry.

The next DTS will be held on Friday 13th and Saturday 14th May 2022, Birmingham NEC, colocated with the British Dental Conference and Dentistry Show. For the latest information, please visit www.the-dts.co.uk, call 020 7348 5270 or email dts@closerstillmedia.com

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LABORATORY SOFTWARE FOCUS

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LABORATORY SOFTWARE FOCUS

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LABORATORY SOFTWARE FOCUS

EVIDENT LAB

SOFTWARE

FULLY DIGITISING OUR LAB By John Bevan I General Manager Commercial I S4S Dental Lab

t S4S we were always keen to be ahead of the bell curve in terms of being first to try out new technology. Our journey into the digital world started in 2005 when we looked in to digitising our plaster room. We knew digital was the future of dentistry and as a lab we knew we could be more efficient by going digital in all areas. The next stage was to digitise paperwork, this avoided trips to the basement looking through dusty old archives if we ever got questions about previous cases or looking at old purchase orders or invoices. We started out using Quickbooks for our booking in and out of cases, our commercial director Neil Bullement had a significant amount of experience with Quickbooks and with my previous knowledge we managed to use Quickbooks successfully until 2019. Due to our client base creeping up to as many as 10,000 customers, Quickbooks began creaking at the seams. We had as many as 30 staff at any one time accessing the accounts data. Our directors and marketing team were wanting to have a more sophisticated and easier way of generating reports and tracking customer buying journeys. Whilst our laboratory manager and his team wanted a better way to run the laboratory and have software help with scheduling and work tracking.

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LABORATORY SOFTWARE FOCUS

Our research continued up to the official launch of Evident on 1st October 2019. This took us on a journey all across the world ending up in Canada. Well, initially it took us to Ripon to see Steven Campbell at Nexus Dental Laboratory in 2017. He showed us how he had implemented Evident into his lab and how it had helped his workflow. We trialled a large number of software options and found that the majority of these had limitations. They could manage production but then would not offer cloud storage or vice versa. We realised very quickly that implementing a brand new piece of software and system of this complexity would require a lot of planning and it would not happen overnight. This was mainly due to the size of our customer and product file and that we were creating as many as 1000 transactions per day.

EVIDENT TICKED ALL THE BOXES AND NOW OFFERS OUR CLIENTS:

• Unlimited ‘cloud based’ storage of 3D study models • Customer gateway where customers can upload files, view active or past cases, make payments, print copy invoices and much more • Full lab traceability (showing exactly where a case is currently in the lab or where it has been) • Barcoded processing of stages and work completion • Production planning • Measure return rates • Monitor productivity Following our integration with Evident we are truly ‘fully digital’. Each technician has a tablet or PC on their workstation where they can access all paperwork for a case. This is made possible by clients paperwork and records being photographed by the administrator on arrival. This really helps when a clients phones up to discuss a case the moment it is booked in. The biggest test has been Coronavirus. During lockdown, the Evident software enabled us to continue to be able to support our clients from home, or anywhere with an internet connection. It has also helped by allowing staff to work from home. Digital models can now be prepared from anywhere in the world, starting the moment a case becomes live on Evident. There is a lot of work that must be done in order to set up Evident correctly. However, the more you put in the more you get out. Although there are simpler systems to implement, we found that Evident provided much more functionality and options to provide a bespoke system for our lab. The production planning allows us to see how many staff hours we have in relation to the amount of work we have in, this is so

important when you are managing the work of 60 or more team members including technicians and digital administrators. We have included a barcoding system, every team member can use a scanner to access the cases details within the click of the scanner trigger. When each case is booked in on Evident we are able to attach a digital photograph of the prescription, attach any files such as STLs to the case and any case specific notes for the technicians or administration staff. From a marketing and customer service point of view, we have just started to use the

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in built CRM to help us track the customer journey and manage our sales funnel and marketing much better. For our directors and management team, there is access to unlimited reports for accounting and performance analysis. We are delighted with Evident, it has been a long journey to get to where we are today, the team at Evident and particularly Derek, have been amazing in helping us get the most out of the software. They have created many bespoke elements of the software to suit our needs and they are always keen to improve the software.

21 04/08/2021 12:56

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As before if you wish to submit your ECPD online it will be free of charge. Once our web designers give it the all clear there will be a small charge. This will be less than the CPD submitted by post. This offer is open to our subscribers only. To go directly to the ECPD page please go to https://dentaltechnician.org.uk/dental-technician-cpd. You will normally have one month from the date you receive your magazine before being able to submit your ECPD either online or by post. If you have any issues with the ECPD please email us cpd@dentaltechnician.org.uk

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LEARNING AIM The questions are designed to help dental professionals keep up to date with best practice by reading articles in the present journal covering Clinical, Technical, Business, Personal development and related topics, and checking that this information has been retained and understood.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES n To understand the process

and benefits of integrated aesthetics with VITA Multifunctional teeth

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...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... As of April 2016 issue ECPD will carry a charge of £10.00 per month. Or an annual fee of £99.00 if paid in advance. You can submit your answers in the following ways: 1. Via email: cpd@dentaltechnician.org.uk 2. By post to: The Dental Technician Magazine, PO Box 2279, Pulborough, RH20 9BR Payment by cheque to: The Dental Technician Magazine Limited. Natwest Sort Code 516135 A/C No 79790852 You are required to answer at least 50% correctly for a pass. If you score below 50% you will need to re-submit your answers. Answers will be published in the next issue of The Dental Technician. Certificates will be issued within 60 days of receipt of correct submission.

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M VITA MULTIFUNCTIONAL TEETH - INTEGRATED AETHETICS AND EASY CENTRIC FOR ECONOMICAL REHABILITATIONS

Q1. A 52 year old male patient presented in the clinic with what? A - Fractured Upper Denture B - Fractured Lower Denture C - Broken Jaw D - Broken Molar

Q2. The denture in the lower jaw presented with missing teeth in regions? A - 11 and 21 B - 22 and 32 C - 33 and 43 D - 45 and 55

Q3. The patient did not use his lower denture because it didn’t offer stability when he XXX? A - Talk or chewed B - Spoke C - Shouted D - Swallowed

Q4. The upper and lower alveolar ridge presented signs of? A - Strengthening B - Attrophy C - Hypertrophy D - Ascent

Q5. What was the answer to Q4 resulting from?

Q10. Which teeth were chosen in accordance with the patient?

Q6. The goal was to switch the bite to class X?

Q11. The final set up was duplicated with XXX?

Q7. What type of impressions were taken in the clinical pre-treatment?

Q12. What was the process of Q11 in aid of?

A - Flossing B - Gum disease C - Smoking D - Extractions

A-1 B-2 C-3 D-4

A - Sodium B - Alginate C - Glucuronic Acid D - Propylene

A - Posterior B - Anterior C - Ventral D - Lateral

A - Hydrocolloid B - Hydrophilic C - Hydrophobic D - Duoderm

A - Dewaxing B - Flasking C - Packing D - Flaking

Q8. The bony anatomy was moulded with what viscosity? A - Low B - Medium C - Average D - High

Q9. The intraoral bite registration in XXX position was realised with the A-silicone CADbite? A - Left B - Right C - Centric D - Forwards

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ADDRESS Via email: cpd@dentaltechnician.org.uk or by post to: The Dental Technician Magazine, PO Box 2279, Pulborough, RH20 9BR. You are required to answer at least 50% correctly for a pass. If you score below 50% you will need to re-submit your answers. Answers will be published in the next issue of The Dental Technician. Certificates will be issued within 60 days of receipt of correct submission.

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INSIGHT

THE CURIOUS DEMISE OF THE DENTAL TECHNICIAN By Matt Everatt F.O.T.A I Editor and Author

wrote a Facebook post a few months ago on the subject of supply and demand, relating it to our recent struggles in recruiting qualified, GDC registered Dental Technicians. The post had almost 200 comments and has recently had a few more comments. I would firstly like to thank Jim Webb (Fig1) for sharing some stats on the number of Dental Technicians currently registered with the GDC. It hit me really hard when you see the black and white figures. I appreciate, there may be several technicians that decided not to continue their GDC registration and work as process workers, that said, there will be many that have registered and are retired or have left the profession. The figures are damming. Ash Byrne also shared an old slide (Fig2) in another facebook group, he commented that he once lectured on the shortage of Dental Technicians and the figures he shared from 2016 follow the same trend, the demise of the Dental Technician.

Fig. 1

BY 2040 DENTAL TECHNICIANS WILL BE EXTINCT

The figures shared by Ash and Jim both tell the same story, we are on a path of extinction! The latest figures from the GDC show an increase in our demise. At the current run rate of technicians registering with the GDC, we will run out of Registered Dental Technicians in less than 20 years. I don’t doubt that the pandemic has taken its toll on some labs, lab owners and technicians, however, for once, we can’t let the blame lay solely at the Covid doorstep.

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Fig. 2

We have seen many of our longstanding training institutions stop offering Dental Technician qualifications which clearly has a knock on effect. Pre-covid, we saw levels of unemployment at around 3.6%, the lowest since 1973. Perhaps access to better paid roles with significantly less responsibility may have had a role in this. Let’s face it, being a professional means we have some work to do to maintain our registrations and classically the salaries within the industry have varied hugely and often sat at the lower end of the scale. It has been suggested by several well know technicians that we are our own worst enemies, undercutting prices, supplying cheap prosthesis and custom made devices to NHS dentists and competing in a race to the bottom. This inevitably leads to the need to employ cheaper staff in order to remain competitive.

TRAINING ISSUES

Without knowing the exact figures, it doesn’t take a genius to know that we aren’t able to train enough new technicians. As far as I am aware there are now only 4 institutions running programmes leading to a registrable qualification. Unsurprising that many of the university programs have seen a decline in number of students undertaking 3 year degree programs. When the earning potential for Dental Technicians on the whole is relatively

poor and you consider the amount of debt degree students have to take on to complete their training, it doesn’t paint the rosiest of pictures. I have been helping our local college this year teaching practical orthodontic sessions. They have really struggled getting the students through the program due to a large part of the year being lost due to the pandemic. It is very difficult teaching a practical course via Zoom, so it turns out! I expect each of the universities and colleges will have had similar struggles and it is likely we will see a dip in numbers of students that will pass the course, they simply haven’t had the opportunity to learn and produce high quality work. This will inevitably lead to the decline in numbers even further.

QUESTIONS WE MUST ASK?

A fellow technician posed a few questions to me about the current shortage of Dental Technicians, all of which are really valid points that we must consider. Is the real problem an immediate shortage of technicians due to an uptake in dental treatments? There are many patients that have disposable income brought about by the pandemic, after all we haven’t been able to spend money on holidays or going out. Maybe we will see a steady return to normal levels of lab cases over the coming months/years.

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INSIGHT

Is the shortage caused by a reduction in uptake as a career? I have suggested this earlier in the article, the cost of university degrees is no small thing. Students are much more savvy when they are choosing which degree program to study, most will research career pathways and earning potential. Are we seeing more technicians leaving the profession to seek other opportunities leading to a diminishing amount of registered technicians? Just over 15 years ago, I myself considered leaving my very comfortable NHS Hospital job to retrain as a plumber. I applied for the college course as I knew my earning potential as a plumber would be way higher than my role within the hospital, and I had already reached my glass ceiling within the NHS pay grades. Are we to be concerned with the future of dental technology? Is this simply a blip and will there be a steady decline in the need for highly skilled Dental Technicians due to automation, in-house capabilities and digital capacity increases the workforce naturally reduces?

NOT ALL BAD NEWS!

I initially posted on this subject and related to the current shortage of technicians as a ‘Supply & Demand’ issue. At present we have a demand for our services that has exceeded the ability to keep supplying the goods at the same rate. Something has to give, usually it is increase the working day with overtime, this isn’t sustainable. Or increase lead times, this isn’t ideal as we now live in a society that doesn’t like to wait too long for things. These are two strategies that can help with the immediate issue where demand exceeds supply. Longer term, we need a better strategy. The first thing we must address is attracting fresh blood to join the profession, secondly (and not particularly in this order) we need to retain people in our profession. I would argue

that we must have a paradigm shift. To attract new people in and retain staff, inevitably we have to pay better, have better working conditions and better opportunities to grow. This is all linked to how we price our services, again mentioned earlier in this article, we need to stop with the race to the bottom and sell our services properly. For me, I have sincerely enjoyed my time in the profession, I have met some amazing people and made some incredible friends along the way. Apart from my own little blip and near waltz with becoming a plumber, I have really enjoyed my professional career, it’s not over yet! We have to help ourselves and help the new generation coming through the ranks. I would argue that we have never had it so good. We have some of the most exciting times in terms of technology that can help us in our labs, we as a group of professionals are more open than I ever remember, we are so open to sharing ideas and have very open discussions in our forums and social media groups.

WE NEED TO RAISE OUR PROFILES AND MAYBE OUR PRICES

We are in demand, we should utilise this and raise our profiles. Let us showcase our skills and let us charge appropriately for our services. I read another social media post today about the true cost of providing NHS dentures at a competitive rate. I have never understood the need to subsidise the NHS by providing cheap custom made devices to the NHS dentists. We owe the NHS nothing, our labs are not charities, we should charge based on our skills, experience, overheads and total cost of goods sold, not based on what my local competition are charging, this is truly a race to the bottom. If any of you have ever studied Business at school, college or university, you may have read about ‘Supply and Demand’, healthcare and dental treatment is perhaps not the first thing we think of when discussing the subject of supply and demand and price elasticity. However, it is very relevant, particularly right now. If our staffing is scarce, our products and services become scarce. The demand is currently high for several reasons, the law of supply and demand would usually mean prices increase. What a perfect opportunity to review your pricing if you haven’t done so for a while.

WHAT NEXT?

I am very aware that this article is very much an opinion based piece and I do hope it will spark some conversations, discussions and may even open the eyes of some that are unaware of any issues regarding the decline of Dental Technician numbers. From this article, I do hope to gain some support and obtain some more official statistics in order for us to raise our profiles and let the general media, population and more importantly our leaders know that we may have a crisis on our hands if we do not take action now. I would really appreciate any feedback and any help in raising this issue we are facing with our peers, within our professions and the wider population.

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TECHNICIANS INSIGHT

REPAIRS AND

REGULATIONS By Andy Sanson

S The second in the series of diversionary and humorous articles by Andy Sanson. Andy is a retired Dental Technician who has kindly offered to share some of his stories and experiences throughout his career.

ome of the next nineteen years, I am led to believe, I spent as a dental mechanic, the rest as a technician. Quite when the changeover occurred I neither know nor care. All I do know is that it never felt any different. In truth, I was never really either. What I was was a bloke who used to go to a dental laboratory and prat about with various stages in the construction and maintenance of false teeth. That is not the same thing.

If there wasn’t a loud pop upon separation, then there should have been. Green as I was, I had already held out my hand, into which the old man slapped the prosthesis.

Eventually I was allowed to graduate from odd-jobbing to doing something in furtherance of the lining of my employer’s coffers. It was the manky repair. Barely sixteen, fresh-faced still, hauled up through garden parties and Sunday school and shielded from the horrors of the real world to the extent where I wasn’t allowed to listen to the News on the wireless until I was fourteen, I was hardly prepared for this greatest of ignominies.

It wasn’t just reeking old vagrants that were the source of such ignominy; respectable businessmen, poodle-walking ladies of the Manor, members of the clergy - all came and all were served. I could never fathom why a chap who wouldn’t be seen dead without a tie, or his shoes shined, could allow his mouth to harbour the foulest, smelliest lump of unholy gunge in Christendom. Aside from the unpleasantness for those close to him or her it must taste vile; half an inch of grease from an abandoned garage floor scraped up and held in the gob all day. Yeukk!

“Go in the Office,” I was told, “and see to that repair.” In I went, smiling, unsuspecting; life was good. I had a job, money coming in - a whole four guineas a week (Bloody ridiculous. How are we supposed to afford to pay the buggers that much? Etc….). Things couldn’t have been better. The patient, a grimy octogenarian, ponging of Woodbines and mild ale, reached, without a word, into his mouth to produce an object the likes of which I had never beheld. Slurps and suction noises accompanied the removal of the obscenity, the whole operation putting me in mind of the birth of a pony. A pair of scissors would have been useful to separate denture from mouth by dint of severing the string-like strands of phlegm and mucus that held the constituents together.

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“Can you fix it?” he asked. Fix it? I’d have to neutralise it first. Boiled in a pan of water, with a few onions and a little salt, it might form the basis of a nutritious soup to warm the cockles on a winter’s eve.

Certainly in the modern day lab things are very different. Although I hung up my penpoint and toothpick many years ago I still retain contacts from my old life. I speak as a technician through familiarity and a certain amount of fondness and sympathy for those still ensnared by the mighty daughter of Shelob that calls itself Dental Technology when I say before we ever get to touch the thing it’s been sprayed, disinfected, sterilised, sandblasted, dynamited, so that, by the time it arrives on the bench, every little HIV or Hepatitis B has been blasted to Kingdom Come theoretically. Yet there still lingers, like the shell of a jaundiced armadillo, twenty years of tartar, rock-solid and impenetrable. Acrylic so impregnated with stale greyness that it falls apart in the hands having been held there solely by the filth now removed.

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TECHNICIANS INSIGHT

But do we shy from it? Do our stomachs churn at the thought? No, for we have become immune, like the addict desperate for more of his drug without which he cannot achieve the same high and can never be truly at ease. A recently manufactured, spotlessly clean full upper denture arrives, fractured midline. But what is this? Wherefore the sludge? Wherefore the crusted bile, the aeons worth of built-up saliva, clinging like stone-cladding to a late-Victorian mid-terrace dwelling? For a split second we are at a loss and cannot proceed - a fish out of water. We are seized by a panic and suffer withdrawal symptoms - Technician’s Cold Turkey. Gasping for breath, with clammy fingers we tear at the air, desperate for a flash of brown or green until, at last, into our lap is dropped blessed relief in the shape of an eggbound part lower fracture swimming in slime and stinking to High Heaven of something unutterably abominable. Not one of these people would dream of picking their nose and presenting you with the contents or scratching their backside before proffering a hand of greeting so why should it be any different where dentures are concerned? One for a team of boffins in some research laboratory somewhere I suppose. Somewhere a little more secure and clandestine than Porton Down. I remain a champion of the little oval dish and tweezers, hydrochloric acid and being there long enough to have minions beneath you who are ‘for’ such things All of this happened back in the Ordovician Period, when pennies were the size of ice hockey pucks, you could take three steps in a pair of jeans before the flares moved, and the BBC’s alternative to Pirate Radio was Jimmy Young’s Recipe. The Apprentice Dental Mechanic occupied a place in the social hierarchy somewhere beneath Myra Hindley and the Rolling Stones. An attitude prevailed amongst employers that suggested because they grudgingly threw a couple of pounds a week at us (Apprentices) in a small brown envelope, it somehow granted them authority over how we conducted our lives both in and out of work. Sadly, we believed it too. Consensus was that we knew nothing, did less and were a nuisance sent to punish some heinous, but forgotten, past transgression. Although the points below were never actually written out or said as such, we were left in no doubt that it was considered that we neither knew nor cared about any of it so it was somehow telepathically conveyed to us by knowing

looks and inference. A short, yet accurate, list, then, of how one was made to feel for merely having the audacity to inflict oneself on The Lab every day:• Tea and coffee are liquids intended to refresh and rejuvenate and not some sort of diabolical endurance test. Use freshly boiled water (in the case of coffee, allowed to cool slightly before infusing), fresh cups or mugs (not ‘cleaned’ with a dirty rag or, as practiced by an autumnal character masquerading as a cleaner in a lab of my acquaintance, the same one used to do the toilet rims), and milk bereft of lumps and alien cultures. • Handles are for turning. They are not devices designed to give you more grip and purchase to enable you to slam things even harder. • Mops are not blessed with magical powers that automatically cleanse the water in the bucket. • A broom that looks as though it’s just been inducted into the US Marine Corps is not a lot of use. Buy a new one (this in the face of my former boss’s - possibly urban legend assertion that ‘Good brush, that. We’ve had it thirty years and it’s only ever had twelve new heads and ten new handles’). • The shed is a Tardis. • Lunchtimes are for fetching fish and chips, or, in later years, a Chinese takeaway, for ‘proper staff’. • It is not a sackable offence to throw away less than 85% of all plaster and acrylic mixed up. • Do not expect to be paid for overtime the fact that you have to work late must be your fault for not pulling your weight during the day. • A dental laboratory does not instantly transmogrify into a pyrotechnics one the instant The Boss goes off to his Round Table meeting. Experiments such as filling Bunsen tubing with various polymers (especially ‘weighted’ material) and blowing them through Bunsen flames or placing the business end of a Bunsen burner into a bowl of soapy water and igniting the bubble thus formed are to be neither encouraged nor recommended. • It is perfectly acceptable and, in some cases even desirable, to replace a light bulb within twelve months of its failing. • Plaster spilt on the plaster room floor, although it should not have been spilt in the first place, once it has been, may be swept up and disposed of. It is not necessary to leave it to get wet, go off and become

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some sort of impromptu and economical rhino flooring substitute for said room. • Nowhere in your Indentures does it state that it is a condition of your employment that at some stage during the five years of your Apprenticeship you are obliged to - ahem -‘go out’ with The Boss’s daughter. • Get some normal handlebars on that motorbike. You look like a Hells Angel. Managerial responses when pressed on issues regarding Apprenticeship:• Indentures stating that all aspects of the trade should be taught within the five year term; ‘Oh, that’s just put in to justify their fees. Now, go and get those repair models’ • Upon objecting to being instructed to repair the roof, weed the garden, move the shed, change the oil in The Boss’s Merc, collect the plums off the tree oh and it’s okay to go next door to get the ones you can’t reach never mind about the dog it’s alright really and if the bloke asks what you’re doing there you’re nothing to do with us, ok? etc; ‘It says you’ve got to learn everything, doesn’t it?’ • Over mention made of Day Release to college to obtain City & Guilds; ‘ You don’t want to bother with any of that rubbish’. The offences below will result in mandatory instant dismissal:• Having a better car than The Boss • Living in a better house than The Boss • Going on better holidays than The Boss • Having holidays • Putting Radio 1 on in the afternoon • Sharpening the edge of The Boss’s favourite teaspoon • Fashioning a huge nose out of acrylic and placing The Boss’s spare spectacles on it overnight • Fashioning other body parts out of acrylic and leaving them in the Office as a joke, intending to remove them before patients arrive to have their dentures repaired, but forgetting • Liking the Rolling Stones • Listening to the Rolling Stones • Looking like a Rolling Stone • Having heard of Frank Zappa • Voting Labour • Taking the micky out of fishing, golf or caravanning • Having parents who know about employees’ rights • Having an IQ greater than 50 • Not being as daft as they’d like you to be Finally:-

“Don’t do as I do. Do as I say.” 27 04/08/2021 12:56

TECHNICIANS INSIGHT

LIFE OUTSIDE b a L e Th MY LOVE OF A BBQ! By Ashley Byrne

o I have 5 BBQ’s and I have my heart set on a monster smoker which would take the total to 6 - which could be considered madness but there is method to this. At work I have a gas BBQ and whilst I am a charcoal crazy BBQ’er, sometimes gas just suits the situation. At work I need the BBQ quick, it needs to cater for nearly 40 people, and I need to do this in my lunch hour. So for this purpose gas works, but it’s not real BBQ in my eyes.

For those that don’t know, I’m a dead keen BBQ fan. In fact, it’s a bit of an obsession, to the point that I will BBQ a minimum of 5 times a week and that’s in sun, rain, snow and hail. I was asked to write an article about something personal so I thought an article on the art of BBQ could be a popular one.

Charcoal or wood BBQ is real BBQ and no gas and lava rocks will flavour a brisket with the same woody smokey flavour you get over charcoal. My charcoal BBQ’s at home range in size and shape, and I use them for many different ways to BBQ, however my go to is the Kamado type and in my case, it’s a Kamado Joe. I also have a BBQ for kebabs, one for camping and one diddy one for on the table street food but 95% of the time it’s the Kamado Joe.

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A Kamado BBQ has a ceramic base and lid and weighs a tonne - which is key to it holding its heat. It has an adjustable vent at the top and bottom allowing you to control the air flow. It can run at 450ºC for mind blowing seared steaks, but also down to 100ºC for an incredible 18 hour slow smoked brisket on just one batch of charcoal. The higher the air flow, the hotter the temperature and the faster you burn your charcoal. When it comes to charcoal, never ever ever ever buy cheap charcoal or even worse, briquettes. It’s full of chemicals and will taint your food to give it that firefighter taste. Do not use lighter fluid! You want sustainable good quality lump wood charcoal and get yourself some eco lighters, which are cheap and work vastly better. Good charcoal is super easy to light. My go to is Big K restaurant grade and if I’m feeling very fancy, companies like Whittle and Flame make world class charcoal using niche types of wood which will change the flavours of what you cook. Oak is epic for steaks but I prefer apple wood for pulled pork.

Boards make a great presentation for a BBQ

A good quality Kamado Joe will set you back £1,500 and that’s without the accessories but we’ll come to that later. Many will think that is eye watering for a BBQ but it is vastly more than your normal BBQ - you need to think of this as an outdoor oven, BBQ, smoker, grill and much more. If you get the pizza insert, it’s a proper pizza oven; the rotisserie will make the greatest chicken you’ve ever eaten; and although I’m not a dessert person, finishing with a rotisserie rum soaked roasted pineapple is out of this world (trust me).

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Back to the BBQ! You then have two main types of cooking - direct or indirect. Direct is your classic open charcoal and a grill plate on top, where the flames will lick the bottom of your steak and give a charred exterior and a pink middle. Indirect has a heat deflector in place which allows the BBQ to become more of an oven. That does crispy wings which are juicy and tender inside, and the most perfect BBQ sausage you have ever had. Indirect also allows you drop the temperatures for low and slow cooking like ribs, pulled pork and brisket. I cook indirect nearly all the time for everything except steaks. It gives you control, so I promise you won't see a burnt sausage at the Byrne’s house!

Preparation is key to a good BBQ

Also remember that BBQ isn’t just about meat. I have cooked many a BBQ for vegans and vegetarians and at no point have I missed meat at that meal. One of the best BBQ and open fire chefs at the moment is a lady called Genevieve Taylor and her books are filled with vegetable options that will honestly blow your mind. She even has a completely vegetarian BBQ book called Charred, which is packed of stunning dishes for vegetarians and vegans. I am however a meat eater and whilst I do vegetarian a few days a week, meat is what I love to cook but again, go quality over quantity. My beef is grass fed from the cattle that roam around my lab (Hollands farm beef ); my rare breed hogget (not lamb) is from one of the villagers; my free range pork is from the village up the road (Orchard View Farm); and I try to get seasonal veg from Bucksum farm near the lab. I’m not perfect and sometimes I have to dash to ASDA but you can always tell the difference in quality. So I think I should leave you with two recipes to try: (1) my fall off the bone ribs which are a doddle to make, and (2) my smoked cabbage coleslaw which is fine for any meat eater or vegetarian (if you used vegan mayo, the dish can be vegan).

RIBS

Take a rack of ribs from your local butcher and remove the membrane off the back of the ribs by sliding a butter knife under it and using kitchen towel to grip it and remove it. Ribs post smoking

A smokey Thai

Add a BBQ rub (my go to is IRN-BBQ which is a chipotle, honey based rub) and leave to marinate for at least half an hour, ideally over night. Place the rack on indirect charcoal and smoke at 110ºC for 2 hours. Wrap the ribs in foil with a can of cider. Double wrap as you don’t want the side leaking and watch the bones don’t break the foil. Smoke again for 3 hours. Carefully remove and then add your favourite BBQ sauce, grill for 10 mins at direct heat and then serve! The meat will literally fall off the bone.

‘SLAW

For smoked cabbage coleslaw I must give Chef Eric the praise for this one. Take a white cabbage and cut out the core so you have a well inside the cabbage. Fill that well with 3 chopped up garlic gloves, two or three glugs of oil and a bbq rub of your choice but it can just be a teaspoon of paprika and salt and pepper. Place the cabbage on the indirect BBQ and smoke for 3 hours at 110ºC. If it rolls over, place a ring of foil and keep it well side up so the mixture will slowly work its way into the cabbage. Once smoked, remove the black outer leaves and then chop up, mix with half a chopped red onion, half a banana shallot and

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then dress with 750ml of Mayo, 3 tablespoons of wholegrain mustard and 2 tablespoons of red wine vinegar. Mix it up and serve. So that’s a small insight into my world of BBQ! If you have never seen a Kamado BBQ check it out and if you want some BBQ recipe inspiration, check out Genevieve Taylor’s range of books for meat ands veg inspiration that’s a long way from your burnt burger and sausage BBQ’s the Brits are known for.

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l DENTAL TECHNOLOGY: VITA I MULTIFUNCTIONAL TEETH (MFT

l TECHNICIANS INSIGHT: REPAIRS AND REGULATIONS I BY ANDY SANSON

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