The Eminence ll June 2015

The Eminence Jun Issue 09

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The Eminence Jun Issue 09

Editor’s Note

It’s Not So Black and White

The series of atrocious calamities that have occurred against Ethiopian immigrants in South Africa, Yemen, Libya, and the Mediterranean has led to a heated public discourse on illegal immigration. Many public officials, religious leaders, celebrities and lay people were seen on state media denouncing illegal immigration especially through the precarious route from North Africa into Europe. These successive tragedies should serve as a cautionary tale according to these pundits. They believe people can become prosperous by living and working in their own country.

But the mass exodus of Ethiopians who believe they can change their lives by traveling abroad is unlikely to be curbed by such rhetoric. Undocumented immigration is not just a reality for Ethiopia, but also for impoverished African and Asian nations with many leaving their homes and families in search of a better future.

For instance, the Ethiopian public has been hearing about the horrific treatment of Ethiopian housemaids in Arab countries for many years. Yet, as recently as 2014, there were 160,000 undocumented Ethiopian workers in Saudi Arabia, which the Middle Eastern country expelled according to data from the ILO. This is not putting into account the droves of Ethiopians that flock to Yemen, Kuwait, and UAE. The government repatriated the expelled Ethiopians from Saudi Arabia and upon their return they were full of stories about the mistreatment they faced and the benefits of staying in one’s home country to work. Still, that has not stopped many Ethiopians from paying ruthless traffickers a hefty price to depart abroad under the radar.

As if what is awaiting Ethiopians at their destination country is not enough, the journey is perilous as well.

There are three well known dangerous illegal routes: the eastern route via Somaliland that leads to the Gulf of Aden, the northern route that passes via Sudan and ends in Europe, and the southern route via Kenya all the way to South Africa (IOM). Immigrants fall prey to all sorts of dangers along these routes.

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1st year March-April 2015 issue No 8

Managing Editor Tsewaye Muluneh tmuluneh@eminence-se.com Editor-in-chief Elleni Araya earaya@eminence-se.com Bole s.c Woreda 03 H. No 129 Content Editor Haewon Asfaw hasfaw@eminence-se.com Senior Editors Bezawit Bekele bbekele@eminence-se.com Frehiwot Gebrewold fgebrewold@eminence-se.com Kaleab Hailu khailu@eminence-se.com Gonzalo Guajardo gguajardo@eminence-se.com

Such a phenomenon begs the question, why are so many Ethiopians leaving despite the horrible tales?

Only serious consideration of this question will help the public debate rise above a simplistic black and white narrative and come up with an appropriate solution for the issue.

Reporter Henok Solomon hsolomon@eminence-se.com

While it is true that the Ethiopian economy has been the fastest growing in recent years, the human development index still lags behind. In 2014, Ethiopia was ranked 173rd out of 187 countries surveyed for the Human Development Index that measured access to knowledge, a long and healthy life, and a decent standard of living. Even in Africa, Ethiopia is ranked 39th out of 52 countries.

Mandarin Editor Jiaqi Xie

Moreover, the economic growth is due more to mega infrastructure projects like the Grand Renaissance Dam and new roads, than the investment and prosperity of the private sector, according to global financial organizations like the International Monetary Fund. The International Organization for Migration reports that some of the reasons behind undocumented migration include economic opportunities, the lack of land for an increasing population, pressure from family and society, as well as the misconception created by human traffickers of riches abroad. Officials from the International Labor Organization also stated that most children get funding to migrate to the Middle East from their families, but often find it difficult to return home before they are able to pay off their loan or change the lives of their families.

Copy Editor Nahusenay Aferwork Contributors Yibeltal Alemu Simon Heliso Graphics and Layout Design Fikru Mengesha

Finding a way to translate the economic development into improvement of living conditions for young Ethiopians should be a priority if illegal immigration were to slow down. Building awareness in rural communities is also essential to prevent people from falling prey to human traffickers that depict destinations abroad as money paradises. The repatriation of Ethiopians who have witnessed the dangers of illegal migration should also continue. In this area the government needs to be commended for its diplomatic efforts, which went as far as negotiating with Egypt to bring Ethiopians back to the country from Libya.

Efforts are underway to bring more than 300 Ethiopians back to their homes from Libya, South Africa and Yemen. Already most of them are arriving in Addis Ababa. Perhaps a detailed inquiry about the dangers of undocumented travel from those being repatriated would better serve to understand how contraband human trafficking occurs under the radar. It would also be helpful towards developing a consistent policy that would curb illegal immigration.

Photographer Sentayehu Bekele

The government’s recent move of arresting 200 suspected illegal traffickers and drafting a stricter law to punish them is also a good start. However, as long as there are people willing to leave the country, there will always be human traffickers.

Editorial Address Tel. +251- 118-637-089 +251-114-165-567 Fax. +251-114-165-557 P.O.BOX 794 code 1110 contact@eminence-se.com social@eminence-se.com Web: www.eminence-se.com Bole s.c Woreda 03 H.No 085 Cape Verde Street, off Africa Avenue in front of Sidama Lodge.

This edition is printed at Central PP Kirkos Subcity, Woreda 03 H.No 414 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

All these factors call for a comprehensive solution for undocumented immigration. These solutions must come after deep consideration of the issues that lead to Ethiopians leaving the country. Let’s do away with the knee-jerk comments. They are ineffective in dissuading Ethiopians who believe the grass is greener on the other side no matter what the cost.

The Eminence Jun Issue 09

Sales and Marketing Manager Zemenu Tadesse Finance and Administration Zinash Habte Distribution Tariku Tessema

Monthly Highlights

Ethiopia arrests 200 human traffickers, drafts stricter law [May 18,2015]

The Ministry of Foreign affairs announced that Ethiopia has detained 200 suspected human smugglers, and is looking for 80 others. This is in the wake of the successive ill-fate that has befallen Ethiopians in Libya and the Mediterranean in recent months. Trying to curb the number of citizens trying to illegally migrate through dangerous routes, Ethiopia is also drafting a new law with stricter laws to punish human trafficking, according to the Ministry of Justice. Current laws sentence traffickers a minimum of five years and a maximum of 20 years, and fine them $2,500.

www.radissonblu.com

The 3rd Annual Hotel Show to be Held at Millennium Hall [May 16, 2015]

www.livelaughingman.com

www.ibtimes.co.uk

Ethiopian Coffee Featured in Upcoming Hugh Jackman Documentary [May 6, 2015]

Hollywood movie star Hugh Jackman featured Ethiopian farmers in his upcoming documentary on Fair-Trade Coffee entitled Dukale’s Dream. Dukale is an Ethiopian coffee farmer Jackman interviewed to learn about the struggles of farmers in the area. Though coffee is one of the top export items for Ethiopia, farmers regularly complain that international coffee chains unfairly profit by undervaluing prices. The movie is directed by Josh Rothstein and will hit theaters on June 15, 2015.

The Hospitality and Tourism Forum and Trade Show will be held at Millennium Hall from June 11 to June 14th, 2015.The show will have a product and service trade show, panel discussion, forum and business networking, and professional skill competition. Ozzie Business and Hospitality Group are organizing this four-day hotel show.

www.visitethiopia.com.et

Tourists’ Stay Increases by Threefold [May 9, 2015]

The number of days tourists can stay in Ethiopia has reached 16 days.

The State Minister for Culture and Tourism, Tadelech Dalecho, stated that improvement of service quality in the hospitability industry, the infrastructure development around the country, and destination areas helped the increase. Hotels that meet international standards have been increasing, reaching over 600, with the increased involvement of local and foreign companies in the hotel sector.The number of tourists who visited the various tourist attractions of the country has been increasing every year by 12 percent.

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www.latimes.com

Government Starts Evacuating Immigrants from Trouble Areas [May 10, 2015]

Following the dangers Ethiopian immigrants are facing in Yemen and Libya, the government has started evacuating immigrants interested in returning to Ethiopia. Due to the crisis in Yemen, 2000 Ethiopians have signed up to evacuate in April, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Another 300 in Libya have also shown interest in returning to their home country, following the beheading and mass execution of 30 Ethiopian immigrants in the country. So far 11 have safely arrived in Addis Ababa.

Another 50 are expected to arrive soon.

In additoin Forty-seven Ethiopian nationals living in Libya arrived in Khartoum, Sudan. Upon their arrival, Abadula Gemeda, Speaker of the House of Representatives.

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The Addis Ababa Light Railway Project commenced test rides for commuterson during the first week of May. The Ethiopian Railways Corporation disclosed that the route from Kality to Meskel Square has access to a temporary supply of electricity and will conduct the trial session by transporting residents of the city. The project carried out its first test ride a few months back with the presence of FDRE Prime Minister, Hailemariam Desalegn. It was noted that all 41 trams have arrived in Addis to begin operations and maintenance garages for the trains have also been constructed in the city.

Netanyahu Meets with Ethiopian Jewish Soldier Assaulted by Israeli Police [May 5, 2015]

Ethiopian wild life education and conservation center has been officially opened by Ethiopia’s former president Girma Woldegiorgis and the legendary actress Mckeena Obe. The ceremony also celebrated the completion of an important new lion enclosure at the center. The event took place in a fertile valley located 30 kilometers from Addis Ababa. Many dignitaries were in attendance at this prestigious event including Dawud Mume Ali, the director general of Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation.

Premier Inaugurates Ethiopia’s First Coffee Museum [April 5, 2015]

www.pixgood.com

Addis Metro Begins Public Test Rides [May 5, 2015]

www.nationalparks-worldwide.info

Ethiopian wild life education and conservation center officially opens [April 30, 2015]

www.vox.com

Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn inaugurated the country’s first coffee museum, which is located in Kaffa Zone, Bonga Town. The museum occupies an area of 2826 sqm and cost over 35 million ETB to build. Sheik Mohamed Al Amoudi and other private investors supported the museum’s construction with the intention of making it a popular tourist attraction and a center for coffee research.

In the aftermath of the riots that ensued following the assault of Damas Pakada by Israeli police, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met the Ethio-Jewish soldier as a token of sympathy.

For Ethio-Jewish immigrants, the act of police brutality was evidence of the racism they have experienced since they first started immigrating to Israel thirty years ago. After seeing the video of Damas being beaten they took to the streets and heavily clashed with the office.

www.worldbulletin.net

Ethiopian Embassy in Yemen Attacked [April 3, 2015]

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs disclosed that the Ethiopian Embassy in Sanna, Yemen was attacked on April 3, 2015. Dr. Tedros Adhamon, the Ethiopian Minister of Foreign Affairs, confirmed there were no causalities due to the attack and that the Ethiopian Ambassador and other diplomats working in the Embassy are in good health.

Most embassies in Yemen have been closed in previous weeks due to the continuing conflicts.

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A Taste of China in Addis

Gonzalo Guajardo

Facilities and Accommodation Review

Han Restaurant & the Hot Pot Experience

By Henok Solomon Staff Writer

Han Restaurant on Africa Avenue is serving up traditional Chinese cuisines along with an authentic dining experience from China. The Eminence was invited to have lunch at Han where we were able to taste their delicious food, enjoy the restaurant’s traditional Chinese ambiance, and talk to their helpful staff and loyal customers.

Back in the days, when you enter the compound of a wealthy house in China, the first thing you notice is the traditional Chinese decorations and sculptures, such as the image of a classic Chinese dragon or lamb. Here in Bole, Han restaurant is using this classic Chinese décor to bring the spirit of China to Addis Ababa.

The Eminence dropped by Han during lunchtime in a group of eight, eagerly ready to try some of their traditional foods. When we arrived at the restaurant, 8

we noticed the spacious parking lot that provides quick and easy parking. It was great to avoid the usual hassle of figuring out where to leave your car when eating out or going somewhere in the city.

Above the entrance was a huge sign that read “Han” in the traditional Chinese language. Walking in, the interior design and traditional decorations immediately caught our eyes. “We care about bringing typical China to Ethiopia,” said Fissha Baraki, the manager of Han. There were

amazing pieces of cultural decor infused in every little detail of the interior, such as the beautiful Chinese chandelier in the lobby, stone walls, pointed arches that lead to the hallway, the dragon door knobs, and the paper lanterns that adorn the ceiling. The spacious dining area had high ceilings that were surrounded by large windows making the entire room well lit and aerated. Except for a few vibrant reds and oranges, the interior was made up of neutral tones.

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Gonzalo Guajardo

In Chinese culture people do not order one dish and eat alone. Typically, you invite a minimum of 4-5 people to eat and share a variety of dishes with. Wanting to stay true to this tradition, our group ordered Hot Pot, a quintessentially communal meal. Hot Pot, which is common in many east Asian countries has been a traditional cuisine in China for at least 1000 years. The serving process for Hot Pot is very ceremonial and decorative, making it quite a dining experience.

Inside the restaurant is a mini supermarket that sells Chinese ingredients that are difficult to get in Addis. This gives diners, especially Chinese natives, the opportunity to do their shopping after enjoying lunch at Han. Operating a supermarket was the first business venture that Han’s owner, Yu Pin, entered when he relocated to Addis Ababa ten years ago. Located in Wello Sefer, this supermarket allowed him to expand and open Han in 2006 EC at an investment cost of 6 Million ETB. Pin later moved the supermarket inside the restaurant according to Fissha.

As we admired the beauty of the restaurant, there was an exceptionally delicious smell coming from the kitchen. It filled the room with a great aroma. As we went through the corridor, we noticed a closed door with one of restaurant’s uniformed waitresses standing outside of it. We asked Fissha why the waitress was standing outside the door instead of checking on her customers. He explained that in Chinese culture people do business, tell their secrets, and share their family time during their meal, so typically customers like their privacy. This is so embedded in the culture that the restaurant prepared 10 private rooms that hold anywhere from 10 to 40 people at once. Each private room is assigned a waiter who The Eminence Jun Issue 09

stands by the door at all times and is only responsible for serving that room’s guests.

Han restaurant offers a huge variety of menu options with over 30 different types of Chinese dishes to choose from.

The price of these dishes range anywhere from 94 ETB to 1800 ETB, excluding VAT. The cold dishes are less costly ranging from 128-168 ETB while the seafood selection is pricey and can cost as much as 880 ETB, if it includes Salmon.

The Chinese hot pot is the exception, costing a hefty 2,700 ETB.

At Han, we requested both spicy and plain broth to help us compare the different flavors. Both arrived in a partitioned bowl 40 minutes after we ordered. The waiters lit up the oven from the side of the table and the side dishes started to arrive. Chinese noodles, mushrooms, crab, cauliflower, tofu, Chinese cabbage, lettuce , thinly sliced

Gonzalo Guajardo

Sumptuous Variety The Hot Pot is a wonderful variety of ingredients, tastes, and colors .

It starts at the center of the table top where there is a small electric stove in the middle operated by a switch. A huge metal pot of broth is placed to simmer on this stove and an abundance of ingredients and spices are placed around it. These ingredients are put into the simmering pot one by one or all at once, depending on preference. The broth full of ingredients is then served with a ladle continuously until diners have had their fill. You can add, mix and match any ingredients to your liking.

Mini-Supermarket Han Restaurant offers visitors the opportunity to shop for Chinese ingredients in the market located inside the restaurant.

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Gonzalo Guajardo

Oriental DÊcor Han’s interior design resembles wealthy houses in feudal China with their traditional Chinese decorations and sculptures. lamb, and cilantro arrived along with the a peanut dipping sauce and chopped garlic. Next, the slightly spiced broth on the oven was starting to boil, so the next thing to do was put the ingredients in it and start cooking our food.

The Eminence started with the sliced lamb, which we placed in both partitions along with the crab, mushrooms and cauliflower. While the ingredients cooked, we were told to mix the peanut sauce with the garlic and cilantro.

Since most of us in the group were new to Hot Pot, we enjoyed our meal which had a fresh and tangy taste. The mixture of different ingredients worked well together and made for an exotic meal that opened up our appetites and senses. The peanut dipping sauce, with the garlic and cilantro brought out the flavors of the ingredients and added an extra kick. Even though we had several servings, the meal wasn’t heavy in our stomachs.

However, this exciting experience was dampened by the lack of adequate at10

tention given to us by the waiters. As Hot Pot newbies we wanted an explanation about what goes into it, but no one was able to adequately provide us with information. One Ethiopian waiter only gave a summary introduction and the Chinese chefs did not speak English or Amharic.

We were also not informed that lunch ends at two, so we were surprised when our waiters left without any warning or explanation.

This was also a comment given to us

by Ethiopian American Hermela Hagos and Philippines native Zina Zemar who are members of the management staff at Raddisson Blu. Hermela and Zina are regulars at Han since they enjoy the clean upscale environment and food selections. The two colleagues were enjoying Chinese dumplings and Sizzling Beef when The Eminence came to talk to them. They shared that they appreciated the food which had good portions and fair prices, but that service was a little lacking.

Since Han caters more to an international clientele, the waiters should speak better English, according to Hermela. Zina also suggested that the waiters be given an orientation on the different ingredi-

ents which may be foreign to them.

The Eminence had a chance to speak to Fissha about this issue. He explained that the labour law restricts the amount of foreign nationals working in a single company and that local waiters with good English usually do not usually want to work in restaurants. Currently Han has 70 employees and three chefs. Fissha said that the staff that was there from the beginning was well informed about Chinese cuisine and that they are in the process of training new ones.

Senait Tadesse, the assistant manager of Han, explained that most Ethiopians who come to eat at the restaurant prefer dishes like Sizzled Beef, Fried Chicken, and Chinese Noodles. She added that these days more locals are venturing in to the unknown and are willing to try other Chinese dishes as well.

Overall, Han is a unique place with authentic Chinese food, and enjoyable dishes. Their loyal customers confirm this with their reviews. If Han could encourage the increasingly growing number of Ethiopians and other non-Chinese visitors to the restaurant and vastly improve its services its success is sure to continue The Eminence Jun Issue 09

Wonder Among the Trees

Gonzalo Guajardo

Travel & Culture

Preservation of Sacred Natural Sites In Bale

By Gonzalo Guajardo Staff Writer

Ethiopia has a history that is rooted in a legacy of resistance from external control, which has allowed the country to preserve much of its ethnic and cultural identity. Though much is known about the history of Ethiopia’s mainstream religious practices, like Christianity and Islam that make up much of the modern world´s beliefs, little is written about the country’s traditional beliefs and customs that date back centuries. A lot of these practices go so far back that it makes it hard to trace their place of origin and track their development. This is an important task for preserving Ethiopia’s rich and significant history. Luckily, there are some organizations doing this critical work, and The Eminence was grateful to have the opportunity to connect with one such NGO, MELCA, along with the people and land they work with.

I recently received a call from a friend and was invited to join him on a trip to Bale, approximately 400km from Addis Ababa, because the locals of the region were celebrating the 10th anniversary of Movement for Ecological Learning and Community Action (MELCA), an Ethiopian Non-Government Organization (NGO) that works with other international groups to preserve ancient traditions and cultures in different regions of Ethiopia.

After hearing about the wonders of the Bale Mountains during my many years of living in Ethiopia, I was excited to emThe Eminence March-April Issue 08

bark on my first trip to the region. The road trip alone was one of discovery and wonder. I am accustomed to living in a modern city in the western world, so everything I saw outside my window during the trip caught me by surprise. These very things probably go unnoticed by the locals, since it is their everyday reality, but for me, everything I saw was new making me feel like I was on one big adventure.

I found the endless communities of huts that lined across both sides of the road, a variety of animals casually crossing our driving path when least expected, and the diversity of people walking long

distances to go to school, fetch water, or attend to whatever business they might have had, breathtaking. Other highlights on the road included the daring ways Ethiopians drive and the magnificent landscapes that are unique to the country. The sceneries include an extension of tropical Savannah sites and trees like Acacia and Baobab. After an unpredictable ride with a fearless driver and unexpected roads, to my relief, we arrived safely at our destination. Thank God, we survived and are alive to tell the story.

When I arrived I was immediately taken aback by the dry climate and lack of 11

Gonzalo Guajardo

Natural Topiary This forest in Bale Mountains National Park which is covered in moss looks like it is purposely manicured to take the shape in the background. trees, grass, or green landscapes. April is a time of dry weather and barren land since it comes eight months after Ethiopia’s biggest rainfalls. It was beautiful, but if tourists come during the rainy season, they will also be able to admire the green beauty of the land that I have been told about and have been able to witness in other parts of the country right after the rainfalls.

I was not only excited to see Bale, but to learn about the work that MELCA, the NGO I was traveling with, has been doing in the region to preserve the heritage, culture, and traditions of the people. I had the opportunity to experience things on my trip that I would not have been able to if I were on my own. MELCA’s 10-year anniversary was special because I got to see the celebratory practices in Goba, Bale Zone. It was powerful to see such a large and diverse set of people gathering for the celebration.

During the ceremony, diplomas were given out to the stakeholders who have taken part in MELCA’s conservation programs. It was powerful to see youth and elders performing regional dances and put on dramas using the language of art to show the importance of caring for our environment. There were also big exhibi12

tions that displayed local and traditional handcrafts for the people to admire and learn about. And of course there was a beautiful spread of local food and drinks.

All in all it was a beautiful day of feast and celebration.

The excitement of my trip did not end there. The next morning I was able to witness one of the most astonishing wonders of my visit. After driving down a main road, we took a secondary path. Several minutes later, we parked our cars on this hidden trail and continued by foot. When we reached our destination, the natives were already there, awaiting our arrival and embracing us with psalms and dances.

After our welcoming, we were then led to a sacred natural site under a big amalgam of ancient trees. It is called Adibaror/ Awoilya to the locals. This site has been a source of water in the past and since then it has become a place where the community comes to gather, pray, and solve social and natural problems. These practices date back to the region’s ancestors. It would be an understatement to say this site has a long and rich history. It is also a neutral place of gathering, regardless of the religion or beliefs of the people this site is used by the community to build

common good, peace and stability in the area. It is ultimately a place of love and harmony.

There are many benefits to these types of sacred gathering grounds, according to Million Belay, MELCA’s country director. In regards to these spaces, he states, “They bring the community together and share knowledge and wisdom, on topics like medicinal plants, astronomy, governance, and things that will be lost if this area is destroyed.”

With this intention in mind, MELCA decided ten years ago to start protecting the culture and biodiversity of the area. Preservation practices that MELCA has been trying to implement includes making the community aware of the value they hold, providing materials to protect sacred and historical areas of importance, and delivering stone-made stoves that save fuel and help avoid the massive cutting of trees. Trainings are given to women on financial management to save money.

Teachings on natural wisdom are led by elders of the community for young students and civil servants, so they could connect with nature, their culture, and themselves. Students learn a variety of things related to the proper use of our environmental resources. Upon completing The Eminence Jun Issue 09

Gonzalo Guajardo

Sacred Sites The sacred natural site is found under the big ancient tree that was once a source of water and has now become a place to gather and solve community issues.

Gonzalo Guajardo

training, the participants would be given a certificate of recognition and move on to become ambassadors in their own schools and clubs so that the knowledge they have gained could be spread across the community.

A local guide leads the group of visitors towards the site in the midst of Bale region

Gonzalo Guajardo

Locals and visitors eat the traditional ‘Genfo’ (Ethiopian porridge) together after the ceremony

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Bale was chosen for three reasons according to Tesfaye Tola, the MELCA Program Coordinator. The need for immediate action to protect the region’s declining nature sites, water resource, and culture; the importance of preserving the knowledge of the region’s elders that has long been undermined and underutilized; and the readiness and support of the local government administration, were the reasons he cited. Being in the Sacred Natural Site amongst such welcoming natives, who are indigenous to such an important land and history, made it clear that I was a part of something very important.

After talking to the community elders, I felt joy for these people who have found their own way of living. They have been able to defend themselves from external influences that come from other Ethiopian regions and abroad to preserve their culture and identity to benefit their community and generations to come 13

Thousand Words

Indebted to our Heroes Veterans congregated at the Miyazia 27 Monument near Addis Ababa University, to commemorate Patriots Day on May 5, 2015. The national holiday celebrates Ethiopia’s second victory over Italy following the Italian nation’s invasion and occupation between 1936-1941.

Photo By : Sintayehu Bekele, Eminence Staff

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Art & Literature

The View from Above Yann Arthus Bertrand’s Aerial Photography Exhibition The photography of Yann Arthus Bertrand (left) addresses issues impacting the environment through areal shots that magnify the beauty of the world while showcasing its perils. His photography is intended to motivate people to take care of the environment by highlighting its beauty and preciousness. His many works are currently being displayed at Alliance Ethio-Francaise and open to all interested visitors.

Grand Prismatic Spring, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, United States

By Henok Solomon Staff Writer

Yann Arthus Bertrand was only 13 when he began working two jobs. One involved taking pictures of lions in Kenya and the other piloting a hot air balloon. Floating above the earth, Bertrand discovered a different view of the world. This perspective is what he would spend the next 56 years of his life photographing. According to Bertrand, the view from above is beautiful and more detailed because flaws are minimized, while the earth’s beauty is maximized.

The 130 images Bertrand photographed 16

over the past 30 years are a true testament to this. Currently these photographs are available for viewing until the end of June at the open-air exhibition entitled ‘Earth From Above’ at Alliance Ethio-Francaise.

Aside from providing ample details and facts about different areas of the world, the pictures focus on global issues, which include environmental devastation, overpopulation, and natural disasters. Yet, Bertrand brings out an unusual beauty from these serious issues with

A cotton pile found in Banfora, Burkina Faso

his unique angles and crisp imagery. His technique reminds us that this world of ours is a beautiful place that needs to be cherished, conserved, and protected.

One of the photographs in the exhibit that exemplifies this is a picture of a young girl and an old man. They are sitting on a fragile looking bamboo shoot that is in the air, as their house drowns in the water beneath them. The first thing that pops out is the stunning scenery and hopeful expression of the two people, but if the viewer takes a closer look they can begin to understand the underlying message.

Common activities in different parts of the world are also depicted in an uncommon manner in the photographs. A cotton farm in Burkina Faso for instance is portrayed with a man lying on his back with his arms spread out wide on a heap of cotton. When it is seen from above, it looks like he is lying on a comfortable bed of clouds. Images that range from volcanic eruptions to automotive junkyards are also treated with the same beautiful twist.

In the gallery at the Garden of Alliance these pictures are attractively showcased. The vividly printed photographs

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are propped up on white billboard stands and captioned in great detail both in French and Amharic. When The Eminence visited the exhibition, it was the day after the grand opening and students and visitors alike were taking a tour. Bertrand was hands on in explaining his work and gave orientation to the tour guides of the exhibit. He wanted to make sure that the curators were able to explain the theme of his work in detail to the exhibit’s visitors.

Bertrand first premiered this extensive photography project at the first United Nations Conference on Environment Development in 1992. In partnership with UNESCO, he began to tour the world collecting various pictures of the earth and different societies.

His work illustrates the state of the world and its inhabitants. “The pictures are intended to show how humans make an impact on the environment and how amazing our world is,” Bertrand told The Eminence, “It is an attempt to illustrate that sustainable development, climate change and the depletion of the planet’s resources appear to have become an increasingly fundamental issue for the whole humanity.”

According to Bertrand, our present levels and modes of consumption, production and exploitation of resources are not viable over the long term. The gorgeous imagery in his pictures deliver this message in a potent manner.

His photographs were first published at the turn of the millennium in a book that shares the same title as the exhibition.

The book was a bestseller and so was the exhibition that followed. So far, his collection has been shown in nearly 400 countries and has attracted over 200 million visitors. This type of success with audiences is not new to Bertrand. The debut of his first exhibition in Paris received the most visits of all time with nearly 2 million viewers flocking to see his work.

His popularity is helping him achieve his wish to reach as many citizens across the world as possible.

The display came to Ethiopia in collaboration with the Alliance Ethio-Francaise, the Embassy of France, as well as their partners ALSTOM and BGI. They developed the plan to bring the exhibition to Ethiopia two years ago, when Bertrand visited the country to film a movie called Human that talks about the emergence of humanity.

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A house flooded with water in South Dacca Bangladesh

Orthodox celebration of Timkat in the Baths of Fasiladas, Gondar, Amhara region, Ethiopia.

While filming, he met the director of Alliance Ethio-Francaise, Oliver Dintinger, and told him about his photography project. From there, they agreed to hold it in a place of high visibility so it can be accessible to everyone in the country. The initial plan was to show the pictures at Meskel Square, but according to the coordinators, they could not get the appropriate permit. Alliance was chosen as an alternative venue instead.

Ethiopia has a strong historical significance to Bertrand.

Inside Alliance’s gallery, sketches of Ethiopian cultural heritages and portraits of youths from various ethnic tribes were done by Bertrand’s great-great grandfather, an explorer who wrote a book about Ethiopia, are displayed for viewing.

“I’m overwhelmed by the chance to showcase my pictures in a country that my great-great-grandfather studied about,” Bertrand told The Eminence. He himself has paid homage to Ethiopia in ten of the pictures showcased at the exhibition. They show aerial views of historical sites like Bete Giorgis in Lalibela and the Fasiladas Palace in Gondar. The photographs were indeed able to bring out the unique beauty of these already famous historical sites.

The audiences who attended the exhibition also agreed on the uniqueness of the photos. By taking the pictures from above, the photographer makes it very clear that our planet is more beautiful and detailed. Mission accomplished for Yann Arthus Bertrand

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Interview

Road to Standardization A Look Into Ethiopia’s Efforts at Hotel Grading

At long last hotel grading for Ethiopian establishments is underway. This is believed to provide guidelines and principles to star ratings which have so for been given arbitrarily and sometimes even self ascribed by the hotels themselves as a promotional tool. In collaboration with the private sector, namely the Addis Ababa Hotel Owners Association, and individual hoteliers, the Ministry has been able to set up international standards and get UNWTO experts to assign star ratings. The Eminence conducted a written interview with his Excellency Amin Abdulkadir, Minister of Culture and Tourism to understand the nuts and bolts of hotel standardization.

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customers.

Moreover, it will benefit graded properties to be more competitive and customer focused as the market will become more transparent and only official stars will be advertised. It will also strengthen the position of independent hotels vis-Ă -vis branded properties that enforce their own standards to deliver the promise of their brands.

Other benefits reserved to graded hotels will include being eligible for investment incentives and duty free privileges, being eligible for government travel and events, and publication in the official websites of the Ethiopian Tourism Organization (ETO) and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MoCT). A special website is being developed for the star grading program that we are calling EthioHotelStar.

It has been a while since the Ministry announced the initiative to grade hotels. What challenges did it have to overcome before starting the process?

The main purpose of hotel grading is to assure the sustainable quality of hotels in terms of service delivery and competitiveness as well as to strengthen Ethiopia´s tourism sector by establishing a national system that allows international visitors to make informed decisions regarding where to stay while visiting the country. Similarly, the Ethiopian and international travel trade companies will be in a better position to choose suitable accommodations for their

Although these legal schemes are an opportunity, the ministry faced challenges while working on a number of preparatory activities. Hence, the first challenge which the Ministry managed to overcome was adoption of international standards and issuing a directive. Accordingly, with the active participation of the hotel owners association and other stake holders, the Ministry has issued a directive based

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Why grade hotels? What is the benefit?

Before dwelling on challenges, it is appropriate to indicate the legal frame works applicable on tourist facilities.

One of the powers and functions of the federal government enshrined in the constitution is to establish uniform standards. Based on this provision, the MoCT has been authorized by proclamation to set and supervise the enforcement of standards for tourist facilities. Similarly, the Ministry has been authorized by a Council of Ministers Regulation to adopt international standards and issue directives providing for the classification of tourist facilities. According to this Regulation, grading is mandatory for tourism accommodation.

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on international standards. This consists of star hotels grading criteria, grading procedure, grievance handling and Inspection system.

The second challenge was getting an agreement on Hotel standards with the private sector and getting official standards approved, as they are the basis for any grading process. In order to overcome this problem, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism worked in collaboration with the Ethiopian Standards Agency to get the standards approved by 2014. As a result, the standard was endorsed and is currently being used to assess hotels.

The third challenge was the gap in ensuring the availability of professional hotel assessors at the Ministry and, in particular, at the regional tourism bureaus who are directly responsible for the assessments and inspections. To alleviate that challenge, the Ministry took the initiative of contracting World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), a United Nations agency that is the leading international organization in the field of tourism, through the Ethiopian Sustainable Tourism Development Project (ESTDP) which is funded by the World Bank to conduct Hotel grading in 2015.

Finally, the Ministry had to conduct awareness creation programs to bring about transparency and accountability as well as to ensure the participation of stakeholders regarding the hotel grading process. So far, the Ministry has conducted awareness creation programs in Addis Ababa City Administration, Oromia National Regional state and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State in collaboration with the respective regional government organs. The ministry was successful in creating awareness in relation to the importance of hotel grading, existing legal schemes and applicable procedures.

In this regard, the participants were mainly hotel owners, hotel managers as well as the federal and regional governments concerned authorities. Similar awareness creation programs will be conducted in Amhara and Tigray Regional States soon and will further 21

continue in the remaining regions.

How many hotels does the Ministry plan to grade? What criteria will be used for measurement? What kind of establishments will be eligible for grading?

The first phase of a systematic hotel grading will be undertaken by the UNWTO during 2015. The preparatory work started in January and hotel assessments are currently ongoing. Grading is mandatory for existing hotels as well as for all new hotel facilities.

For the moment, only hotels will be graded because the standards approved are specific to hotels. Standards for other types of accommodations will be developed, and grading will also be implemented after we complete the grading of hotels. At this juncture, only hotels qualifying for a minimum of 1 star and above will be assessed.

How is the grading being implemented currently?

The UNWTO has deployed a team of senior experts with proven experience in assessing and grading hotels internationally. Three teams formed by two international experts each will conduct the assessments. Two Ethiopian professionals will join each team in order to get further experience. The local professionals are officers working at the MoCT and at the Regional Culture and Tourism Bureaus who received specialised training before starting the assessments, and are participating in the assessment teams as trainees.

After conducting the assessments, the UNWTO international experts will determine the grading of each property. The Ministry will notify the results to each 22

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Only selected existing hotels in Addis Ababa, Oromia, Amhara, Tigrai and SNNPR will be assessed and graded by the UNWTO team. This covers a maximum of 400 properties in total. Hotels above this target in the selected regions and all hotels in other regions will be assessed in the future. The selection of hotels to be assessed and graded by the international assessors has been made by the Ministry in collaboration with the Regional Culture and Tourism Bureaus.

property after the completion of all assessments in the same city or region.

the Ministry have any other partners assisting it financially or expertise wise?

What is the expertise level of those who do the assessments?

According to the law, hotels should pay to MoCT the fees established before receiving the grading certificate and emblem. It is a modest contribution to the grading costs that include the production of the Emblem and the Grading Certificate, and had not been raised since the publication of the regulation.

The international assessors deployed by the UNWTO are all senior professionals with a long career in the hotel and tourism sectors that bring valuable expertise and know how. They come from Canada, Ireland and South Africa and have performed hotel assessments in different countries.

How long will it take?

According to the work plan of the UNWTO teams, hotel assessments in Addis Ababa will take place from April to June.

After that, the assessments of hotels in selected locations of Amhara, Oromia, Tigrai and SNNPR regional states will take place. In regards to the assessment of large hotels, it may take the whole day while for smaller properties half a day would be enough.

How much does the grading cost? Does

In any case, I would like to stress that the Ministry is dedicating significant resources through the Ethiopian Sustainable Tourism Development Project to fund the grading being undertaken in 2015 by international assessors.

To ensure continuity, the Ministry and the Regional Culture and Tourism Bureaus will have to dedicate staff and to allocate funds to ensure an efficient management of EthioHotelStar. Financing the setting up an IT platform to support the whole process will be key and the Ministry will work on it.

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travel consumers. Moreover, the tourism standards used to assess and grade hotels in Ethiopia will provide guidelines for existing and new hotel investors and managers to be in a better position to give our visitors the excellence in experience that they are looking for. From the Ministry’s perspective, establishing a professional and efficient hotel grading will help to improve the regulation of the sector in a moment of expansion, fostering a qualitative improvement.

The current grading exercise, has also contributed to strengthen the coordination among tourism authorities and the federal and regional government bodies in charge of enforcing food health and safety standards, and graded hotels will be systematically inspected in order to ensure the highest standards.

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Will the standards provided by the Ministry be valid/credible on an international scale?

[Media outlets reported in January that close to half a million dollar was secured from the World Bank to finance the grading.]

The government has recently set up various tourism institutions such as the Ethiopian Tourism Organization and the Tourism Transformation Council in order to bring all stakeholders together and transform the sector. Has the Ministry invited all stakeholders on board to oversee the process?

The Ministry of Culture and Tourism is the leading federal body responsible for the regulation of tourism accommodations, to be implemented in collaboration with the regional governments. Therefore, the relevant stakeholders in this case are the regional tourism bureaus that together with the hotel association have been and will continue to be directly involved in the process.

The Tourism Transformation Council has no operational responsibilities and for that reason it is not involved in the dayThe Eminence Jun Issue 09

to-day implementation of hotel grading.

However, the Ministry will report the progress achieved on the occasion of the next meeting of the Council.

Regarding the Ethiopian Tourism Organization (ETO), hotel grading will contribute to their broader mandate of improving the growth of tourism in Ethiopia. The ETO will also contribute to the promotion of graded properties as part of their marketing activities.

Regarding the Ethiopian Tourism Organization (ETO), hotel grading will contribute to their broader mandate of improving the tourism product in Ethiopia. The ETO will also contribute to the promotion of graded properties as part of their marketing activities.

What is the expected outcome of this grading in terms of transforming tourism?

The tourism industry can never achieve its full potential if it does not provide quality facilities and services that are demanded by the leisure and business

The standards we are using for grading hotels are based on international standards. The assessments are currently performed by international assessors who are also playing an important role of knowledge transfer and coaching the future local assessors. Therefore, The grading assigned will be comparable with international standards. On the other hand, hotel investors and owners in Ethiopia must be aware that in a market that is now very transparent, thanks to the Internet, tourists are experienced travelers who can easily compare, and who share their experiences and comments with the whole world. That means that promotional claims that are not matched by adequate facilities and services will not help their businesses to succeed in the long term. Moreover, they can damage the image of the whole Ethiopian tourism industry.

For those reasons, we should all take very seriously the grading exercise as a means to reach the shared objective of improving the competitiveness of Ethiopia as a tourism destination, and I would like to thank all hotel owners, managers and staff for the interest and support they showed and for the way they are facilitating the work of the international assessors 23

Business

The Dawn of Investment www.shegertribune.blogspot.com

Ethiopia’s Journey

By Kaleab Hailu Staff Writer

Economies across the globe are intertwined through import and export trade, international loans, remittances, and most importantly, foreign direct investments (FDI). Global trade slowed down during the credit crunch, which lasted up to 2012 affecting the flow of foreign direct investments among countries. However, this shifted in 2013 when global FDI saw a 9% increase raising it to 1.45 trillion dollars. In 2013, the economies categorized as developed, developing and transitioning, in which developing countryies showed immense growth reaching a new record of 778 billion dollars.

Developing countries like Ethiopia need FDI to maximize the inflow of foreign currency in order to enhance their economic growth and development. That is why Ethiopia is implementing various investment incentives such as tax havens and duty free privileges for domestic and foreign investors. The development of Ethiopia’s infrastructure sector, its state of peace and stability, and untapped market potential make the country an 24

appealing place for investment. Most developing countries devise their own investment incentive policies, focusing on promoting investment and economic liberalization. Ethiopia is one of these countries that are implementing various investment incentives, which include building a promising environment for a strong market with great market access.

These factors have resulted in the consistent and increasing inflow of foreign direct investment to the country. As recorded in the 2014 world investment report, Ethiopia has seen a significant increase rising from 279 million dollars in 2013 to 953 million dollars in 2014. China, Turkey, and India are the three largest contributors to this most recent recorded figure.

There are many factors that attribute to the increasing volume of FDI inflow into the country. These factors are what foreign investors look for when investing money into any foreign country. In a study about Chinese FDI in Ethiopia conducted in 2012, the biggest factor was the

social network Chinese investors had in the country. Investors tend to come to nations that they already have contacts and companies located in because there are a lot of opportunities for partnership when those relationships already exist.

The various opportunities provided by the current Ethiopian economy are suggested to be the second driving factor to attract FDI. Investors want to take advantage of the different opportunities such as the cheap and abundant labor, privileged access to a high-income market, growing domestic and regional markets, and much more. The market potential of the country is closely tied with the amount of competition that exists within that particular market. In the case of developing countries, the competition in the market is very loose, which in turn attracts more foreign investors.

The cross border investment incentives between Ethiopia and other countries are another factor for the increase of FDI investments in the country. Bi-lateral investment ties are always improving by The Eminence Jun Issue 09

www.bloomberg.com

Attracting the Big Fish Giant global corporations like Huajian Shoes (located in Eastern Industrial Zone) are slowly bringing their business to Ethiopia, attracted mostly by the cheap labor and other incentives the government offers. visits from the different heads of states and business delegations to Ethiopia.

The Ethiopian government has signed numerous agreements with foreign governments to bolster trade relations. The investment incentives signed between the Chinese and Ethiopian government are the other driving factor escalating the volume of Chinese investments in the country. Mega infrastructure construction contracts in Ethiopia have been awarded to Chinese companies, which has resulted in Ethiopia becoming the new investment hub of Africa. The construction projects are also bringing a lot of Chinese professionals into the country, presenting a lot of investment opportunities that were not present to migrant workers in China. Moreover, there are a lot of companies in the world that want to spread out into Africa and establish branch offices in the continent.

The move of parent companies into Ethiopia is also increasing and textile heavy weight companies like H&M are shifting gears towards opening branches in the The Eminence Jun Issue 09

country. This strategic move is primarily based on the stable political environment and the constitutional guarantees afforded by the Ethiopian government.

While all of these movements and increasing figures are to be appreciated, there are still bottlenecks that companies have to go through in order to invest in Ethiopia. There are challenges that investors face, but the most common is the lack of access to external finance in the country. The study on Chinese FDI investment in Ethiopia revealed that close to 86.3 % of the companies heavily depend on internal financing. The lack of access to finance also has another face to it with the shortage of foreign currency in Ethiopia. This results in a long waiting line for opening letter of credits (LC) and cash against documents (CAD) to process international payments. This financial shortcoming will affect the number of investors that want to come into the country in the long run and should be of close consideration of the FDRE government.

Power outages are also another issue

that is proving to be a major challenge for investors coming into Ethiopia. Manufacturing industries and other largescale companies need a constant supply of power to sustain their business flow.

However, the power shortage that is affecting different areas of the country are slowing down day-to-day activities and production. This in fact is also a problem for the citizens of the country’s capital that have to depend on stable electric power to go about their daily life.

Ethiopia’s tax environment is proposed to be conducive, but the customs and trade regulations are becoming problems for foreign investors as well. The importation of goods is turning out to be a challenge for investors due to slow clearing processes. Most industries, especially the manufacturing industry, depend on imported raw materials, so complications of speedy customs clearance for goods discourage investment activities in the country 25

History and Diplomacy

By Yacob Arsano Associate professor of political science & amp; international relations and Director of AAU Press, Addis Ababa University

A New Era comes to the Nile Since ancient times, the societies and countries in the Nile Basin have been bound together and adorned by the beauty and bounty of the flora and fauna of the Nile. The Nile Basin has witnessed the rise and demise of ancient and recent empires. It has seen state boundaries be drawn and redrawn. It has experienced the regional, cultural, and ethnic divides that have existed. Yet, the Nile has continued to nourish its surrounding societies and countries.

Today, the Nile Basin encompasses regions in northeast and central Africa and houses 11 riparian countries. Bu-

rundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda are the countries that hold the upstream; Eritrea, South Sudan and Sudan occupy the midstream; and Egypt is situated in the most downstream basin.

While 86pct of the Nile’s flow originates in Ethiopia, the remaining 14pct comes from the other six upstream countries.

The three countries that are midstream of the Nile receive and pass on the water, while Egypt is the net recipient of the river’s water.

For a long time, tensions lingered in the Basin due to the lack of cooperation be-

tween nations and an absence of institutionalized mechanisms. The few water agreements that were made during the colonial era, as well as those made bilaterally between the most downstream countries of Sudan and Egypt, lacked clout and legitimacy. Hence, previous agreements made set hydro-political discord, rather than harmony and mutual understanding among riparian nations.

In order to break the cycle of discord, the riparian countries entered a series of negotiations in order to establish the Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) that has been going on since 1999. By

Ferocious Waterfall.

Tis Abay falls in all its grandeur in 2008 .

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2010, the CFA was negotiated, adopted and signed by an overwhelming majority of the riparian nations. In the end, however, Sudan and Egypt declined to adopt or sign the deal. To the surprise of the riparian countries of the upstream nations, Egypt and Sudan preferred to hang on to the “Historical and Natural Rights” claim of 1929 and to the Egyptian-Sudanese full utilization agreement of 1959.

The 1929 agreement handed control of the Nile to Egypt on a golden platter by the British who at the time were the colonial rulers of the upstream countries of Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and Tanganyika.

The latter agreement apportioned that the waters of the Nile were exclusively for Egypt and Sudan.

Upon independence Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya rejected all previous Nile water agreements to which they were not a part of and argued that those agreements went against their sovereign rights and national interests. These three East African nations explicitly declared that they would not inherit any Nile agreements that Britain established while they were a colonial ruler over their respective

countries. A driving force of this position was the ‘Nyerere Doctrine’, which did not only reject any obligation that might be presumed in the 1929 or 1959 agreements, but also nullified and shunned these deals as “a living ghost”.

The simple pitfall of Egypt and Sudan has been observed when they allowed themselves to entertain that the welfare and security of the downstream nations in the Nile Basin can be safeguarded by controlling and monopolizing the waters which are shared and bound to be commonly owned. It goes without saying that a water security of one nation cannot be maintained at the expense of water security of other nations. With this in mind, the terms of the CFA are in the best interest of all Nile countries as the agreement firmly bases its terms on principles of “equitable and reasonable utilization” and “no significant harm to other riparian countries”. This explicit commitment of the Nile basin states shows a coming of age where the colonial and post-colo-

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It was evident that Ethiopia, the country that has the only sovereign state and contributes the biggest bulk of the Nile through its numerous tributaries, rejected any downstream hegemony from the very beginning. Expressing the country’s willingness to share the tremendous

“God given wealth of hers” with downstream nations, emperor Haile Selassie during his coronation anniversary unequivocally explained that it was “Ethiopia’s sacred duty to develop the great watershed which she possesses in the interest of her own rapidly expanding population and economy” and in the interest of the Ethiopian people “now living and those who will follow […] in centuries to come”. The Ethiopian position was officially made known to the governments of downstream countries as well as to the diplomatic representatives of other countries in Cairo way back in 1957.

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Gonzalo Guajardo

The Nile cuts across 11 riparian countries, bringing contention along the way over water-use rights. nial ‘water lordism’ is done away with as a thing of the past. The key remaining issue here and henceforth is to understand the limits to the carrying capacity of the Nile and to know how best to utilize, manage, and protect the shared water resources in a sustainable way for now and for the future.

In this regard the on-going Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project (GERD) on the Abbay River in Ethiopia is an ideal project for sharing hydro power energy and other benefits with Egypt and Sudan. The planned 6000MW hydro-electric power generated from the GERD can be shared with Egypt and Sudan at a comparatively low price. When the dam is completed it will contain nearly 74 BCM of water and it will serve as a protection reservoir and regulator for the flow of the Nile. This should be seen as blessings in disguise for downstream countries like Sudan who have suffered from unchecked ephemeral floods and silt accumulation for many ages during the rainy seasons. If the downstream states come on board and cooperate in this and other similar upstream hydraulic projects, then the utilization, management and protection of the shared waters can be sustainable and mutually beneficial. It is clear that the terms of the CFA, or the construction of the GERD, should be viewed as also serving the best interest of the two 28

downstream countries. Due to the wrong perceptions and bad policies it took the two downstream countries a long while to accept the new reality represented in the CFA and GERD project and accept that it will serve the best interests of their nations.

The recent agreement called the Declaration of Principles (DoP) between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan on the GERD is indeed a historic one because it is the first successful agreement accomplished between the three Eastern Nile countries.

In effect, the DoP supersedes the previous bilateral agreements and establishes the commonly accepted principles from a clean slate, relegating the previous agreements that were historically controversial. The implicit assumption of the new deal is that the Nile is an inalienably shared resource whose best utilization requires cooperation and mutual empathy from its surrounding nations. The DoP further implies that any claim of monopoly or hegemonic aspiration over the Nile cannot be sustainable. The new deal recognizes the Nile as the source of livelihood and a significant resource to the development of the people of Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan. It is under this rationale that the three countries commit themselves to cooperate based on “common understanding, mutual benefit, good faith, win-win, and principles

of international law”. While utilizing the water resources within their respective national territories and attain the welfare for their respective populations, the three nations stand duty bound and commit themselves to engage in equitable and reasonable utilization of the shared water resource without inflicting significant harm to other countries.

Now that Egypt and Sudan have accepted the GERD as an Ethiopian project, built

by Ethiopia on Ethiopian territory, and that the dam will contribute to economic development, promote trans-boundary cooperation and regional integration through sustainable and reliably clean energy supply, this is a phenomenally new and positive shift in the hydro-politics of the Nile Basin.

Therefore, the DoP can be taken as an expression of the new reality of the Nile Basin reflecting new trust and confidence in oneself and on the co-riparian nations.

Hence, the unfolding state of affairs can be taken as a new departure and a building block for future peace and security in Northeastern Africa. The ten-point DoP should be reviewed in the light of its propriety and facility for the anticipated and numerous deals ahead between the three nations in particular and among the Nile Basin countries in general The Eminence Jun Issue 09

Life Style & Fashion Environment

Tradition makes a Comeback Sintayehu Bekele

Shema as Modern-Day Wear

By Frehiwot Gebrewold Staff Writer

Culture is central to one’s identity. Meftehe Fikru, a 22-year-old woman from Addis Ababa, believes it is important for Ethiopians to protect this part of their identity and an effective way of doing this is by wearing cultural Ethiopian clothing.

Meftehe will be graduating with a Medical Doctor Degree this coming June.

The Eminence found her while she was shopping for a modern Ethiopian cultural dress for her graduation. She was not able to request her own design because there were so many orders ahead of her that she would not have been able to get her dress in the time she needed. The demand for cultural Ethiopian clothing continues to skyrocket as it takes over the market, especially during occasions like weddings and graduations. Regardless, Meftehe did have the option of buying a ready-made dress.

It was once typically uncommon to see people wearing cultural Ethiopian clothing in urban areas. It was usually seen worn by the elderly, especially during church ceremonies celebrated by Ethiopian Orthodox Christians or big holidays The Eminence Jun Issue 09

in the country. Many people have different reasons why they choose not to wear cultural clothing and some just prefer to wear modern European clothing.

Ethiopian clothes come in a variety of colors, shapes, and designs. This reflects the diversity of Ethiopian culture that is shaped by the land and environment the country’s people come from. Ethiopia’s landscape varies from high plateaus to lowlands with climates that range from very hot and dry to very wet. These types of factors have a major influence on the design of Ethiopian clothing. Generally highlanders wear heavy clothing to protect themselves from the low temperature, while people in the lowland plains wear light clothing due to the hot climate. For example, the city of Harar is located on a hilltop in the eastern extension of the Ethiopian highlands with an elevation of 1885 meters. Because of this, the people generally wear heavy items of clothing and often dress in red, purple, and black. The people of Afar and Somali live in the lowlands and wear long and brightly colored wraps, and the people of

the Oromia Region wear bead-decorated leather garments.

Most of the populations in Ethiopia wearcultural clothing made from Shema, which is woven cotton. It has been about ten years since the Ethiopian cotton industry started to become large and recognized. As a result, the number of Ethiopian designers has also been continuing to increase. Clothes made from Shema are locally called “Yehabesha Libs” which translates to “Habesha’s Clothing.” Shema can be made into wraps, dresses, shawls, and now more recently they are making modern designs of coats, trousers, wedding gowns, and even office wear. As the fashion and clothes industry continues to grow in Ethiopia, the local and international demand for traditional clothing is also continuing to increase.

Addisalem Cheneke is a cultural clothing designer from Root Design and one of the creative clothing artists that is helping to put Ethiopian clothes on the map. When Addisalem began college, she started out studying computer science, but over time, fashion design stole her heart and 29

she chose to change her career path.

It has been 6 years since Addisalem graduated in clothing design, and now she has been running Root Design for 5 years.

Addisalem shared, “I started the business because I always wondered why our traditional clothing isn’t international. As long as we come up with better products, why is it not possible for us to go through the international market? If you see our materials they are handmade and pure cotton.” Before making clothes, she used to sell souvenirs where she noticed that foreigners were drawn to Ethiopian traditional and handmade products. She said, “People buy clothes with different brands and I want my country’s traditional clothes to hit the global market. Hence, I wanted to grow the market by producing quality and modernized clothes, which still have its traditional Ethiopian roots.”

Addisalem Chekene (Addi) shared that when she first began designing clothes, it felt like a big obstacle to get young people to wear traditional Ethiopian clothing. She took the time to do market research before she started designing her business. In her investigation, she noticed that wherever she went, there was a pattern in the types of colors, styles, and designs that were not attracting the youth. There was also a big issue with quality finishing and the low value of products. These very reasons that contributed to market failure inspired Addisalem to start her own business and tackle these problems one at a time.

Addisalem shared that despite people’s lack of appeal towards the traditional style of Ethiopian clothing, many people still complained when she put her first modern twist on a traditional piece because they thought would affect the culture. Her first original design was a top with a hood on it. Regardless of much opposition to her design, she placed it on the market and over time it has become increasingly popular. It has even been copied and is now found in almost every shop.

Despite the success of her design, this This evening dress by Root Design is a perfect example of the recent trend of fusing is also one of the challenges designers traditional material with a modern cut and design.

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face whenever they make something new.

One of the challenges for cultural cloths designers is not having a copyright to their creative work and in turn seeing their original designs replicated without their knowledge.

Though this can really demoralize the passion of the creator, it also shows the growing popularity of cultural Ethiopian clothes.

Nowadays it is becoming more and more common to see both Ethiopians and foreigners choosing Ethiopian cultural clothing over European styles. One can typically see families wearing cultural dresses during weddings and special gatherings and many youngsters wear modernized Ethiopian styles for their graduations and school parties. Addisalem and Root Design make about 250 bridal gowns and 400 occasional modern cultural clothing per month. She says, “Because of the high demand it is very difficult to cover the demand of the national market. The cloths are fully handmade and it really takes time. This is the reason why you can’t produce a bulky amount at a time.”

Yegna Design is another clothing brand that is designing modern Ethiopian clothes. The store is owned by two Ethiopians named Yonas Alemayehu and Moges Gashaw, both of them are 26-years-old and have been in the fashion industry since 2013. Yonas used to work in a tailor house and started designing clothes 4 years ago. During his time at the tailor shop, Yonas noticed that many of the designs he saw were very similar. This motivated him to become a designer and inspired him to create clothing pieces that were new and different. Yonas shared, “Most of the time people still want clothes that are worn by famous people. They bring that design and tell us to make the exact same thing. I really wish people would know what fits them and also let us be creative.”

Yet, there are different alternative styles for customers to choose from and designs that make the clothing just as comfortable, if not more, than any European clothing. Yonas stated, “Wedding seasons are the busiest seasons of all the time. We take up to 3 to 4 days to come up with a design after receiving an order. This is mainly to do the sketching.

Sometimes the weaving may take about a month if it has complicated shiny threads which are woven onto the fabric.”

Young people especially women between the ages of 20 to 45 are the dominant cusThe Eminence Jun Issue 09

tomers of modern cultural clothing in Addis Ababa. According to designers, this is due to the design, color, and comfort it gives to the person who wears them. Presently, most of the designs are fancy, unique, and beautiful.

They are also made locally and the material is 100% cotton. There is also a lot of time put into making each individual piece and it may take up to a month to get the final product.

However, this also depends on the season.

During wedding seasons the wait to get an appointment date alone may exceed up to two or three months.

One of the common misconceptions about Ethiopian clothing is the price. People often complain or have concerns believing that the cost of modern pieces of cultural clothing is expensive and not affordable. Yonas and Addisalem emphasize what many don’t understand, which is that many of these traditional clothing pieces are handmade. Each design takes a lot of labor, effort, thinking and time to make a single piece of cultural clothing.

Besides, there are many professionals involved in the process. There is a person who does the “Shimena” which is weaving, there is an embroider, a designer, and a tailor. All these people need to get their share from the price and when comparing the cost with the hard work of all these professionals the price is not that expensive.

As Meftehe Fikru was shopping she explained, “The modern cultural dresses are more expensive. However, it is worth the price when you compare it with the quality and the satisfaction you get from having it”. She also shared that she started choosing Ethiopian cultural clothing recently due to the design.

She believes the designers are making clothing that is very comfortable, contemporary, and elegant.

Local demand is still beyond the capacity of the designers because most customers agree wearing Ethiopian cultural clothing feels special and very different to other outfits. Many Ethiopian designers are working very hard to cover the international market and to introduce the clothing nationwide. It is exciting to see Ethiopian clothing gaining so much popularity locally and across the globe

Wedding Gown by Yegna Design: Traditional dresses are also making a comeback as wedding outfits, though for a time they were relegated to being worn for Mels ceremony (after party by the bride’s family two days after the wedding).

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Architecture & Interior Design

Traditional Architecture Writ Large

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By Elleni Araya Staff Writer

In Ethiopia, where modernity in construction equates to the use of ferroconcrete, few dare to improve and utilize traditional construction materials like mud and wood.

However these age-old building supplies can be adapted to modern needs and are environmentally-friendly. This can be seen by three buildings inside the Gulele Botanical Garden located on the northern outskirts of Addis Ababa.

The only completed building of the three is the large building that houses the new headquarters of the Horn of Africa Regional Environmental Center and Network (HoAREC). This one story building has a considerable width and is equipped with a state-of-the-art circular conference hall, media room, and cafeteria. Though the building is equipped with electricity, wireless Internet, and all the materials needed for modern life, its appearance can be deceiving. To the naked eye it may seem that the building is a mud hut with the proportions of a mansion. It has similar earth tones and wood panels in the interior decoration that are used in traditional tukuls in rural Ethiopia. The rooms are circular with many French windows that bring in light and the scenic view from vast and forest-like botanical garden outside.

The walls are crafted from reddish brown adobe mud, which are made from a mixture of clay, sandstone, and gypsum. There is an abundance of wood from the Eucalyptus trees that take up a large part of the 705 hector garden outside. This wood is heavily utilized in the building construction, making up the pillars, hard wood floors, paneling, partitions and the outside terrace. There is no trace of reinforcement bars and very little use of steel. Electricity is supplied by solar panels outside.

The terrace offers a nice view of the botanic garden, which currently looks more like a forest. A relatively quiet place, except for the melodies from birds, the scenic view gives the impression that one is in the wilderness.

Workers at the HoAREC office told The Eminence that they work shorter hours because of the time it takes to shuttle back and forth from their office to Addis Ababa University in 4 Killo. However, they are much more productive in the time they have because the area they work in is quiet and peaceful, allowing them to concentrate.

The outside green area has leveled gravel parking space, as well as pebbled and cobblestoned tracks that lead to the main gate.

The two other buildings, overseen by the botanical garden project office, are still under construction. They are named Agora I and II, after the Greek word meaning a place to convene and meet. Agora II is nearly completed and will serve to accommodate art and craft shops and an event gallery and museum. The material and theme is the same as the HoAREC headquarters. On the roof, a gully is made to plant vine trees that can support the environment as well as decorate the building. The environmentally-friendly theme is also shown through the sewerage and drainage facilities. Waste materials are treated and used for the soil and water is recycled. There are three different garbage cans to separate recyclable waste and food materials. This Agora, which lies n 1336 sqm will be completed by mid-June.

The structural work for Agora I has not started yet, but it will be a research building complete with a laboratory, herbarium a big conference room, and a multi-media center. According to the Gullele botanical garden website, the larger of the two, Agora II will lie on 4,107 m2, and is estimated to cost 92 million dollars.

Sintayehu Bekele

The earth theme of the three buildings is expected to match the natural surroundings in the botanic garden. The outline for the buildings was first presented by Belgian firms Abba architects and JNC as well as local architect Yohannes Abay, in a design competition hosted by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.

The Eminence Jun Issue 09

“Though the cost is more, it will pay off in the long run as environmentally-friendly buildings save waste,� the resident engineer at the project office told The Eminence.

There were other designs that had a modern feel, but this was the one found to be most suitable by an international panel of judges. Flintstone homes is the contractor that carried out the construction of the HoAREC building.

Currently HoAREC is in the process of getting an environmentally friendly certification for the building

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Legal Corner This article was written by Suleyman Ali Seid, public relations officer of the Administration for Refugee and Returnee Affairs (ARRA). The Administration has agreed to write an introductory piece about laws concerning refugees in Ethiopia, in this issue. The writer can be reached at suleyman8577@gmail.com

The Ethiopian Refugee Regime Ethiopia has a long tradition of hosting refugees with many originating from neighboring countries. Due to the country’s open-door policy, Ethiopia has always been generous in granting a safe haven to people in need of refuge and protection, regardless of their nationality, religion, or race.

Refugee protection and the right to asylum is not a tradition new to Ethiopia. It is genuine and deeply rooted into the culture. Mr. John Ging, the senior official of UNOCHA, stated in a briefing last year after his trip to Ethiopia that the country sets global standards for its generosity and its humanity in regards to hosting so many refugees.

The drive of Ethiopia’s hospitality towards its neighbors emanates from its policy of working to strengthen relations among people of all regions by treating them with mutual respect and assistance. With a refugee policy that is less strict than its neighboring countries and its state of peace and stability, Ethiopia attracts refugees from various nationalities, making it the largest refugee-hosting nation in Africa. Currently, Ethiopia hosts more than 650,000 refugees, a majority originating from South Sudan, Somalia, Eritrea, and Sudan.

Ethiopia is signatory to the UN Refugee Convention ratified in 1951 and the Refugee Convention endorsed by the OAU in 1969 (now known as the African Union). But in 2004, the country enacted its own Refugee Proclamation, which embodies international refugee laws and principles. Article 21 of the proclamation exemplifies particular significance outlining the rights and obligations of refugees in Ethiopia. The provisions of the refugee proclamation mainly work to promote relations between refugees, hosting communities, and peoples of neighboring countries. It also respects the principle of non-refoulement, which is a key principle of refugee protection. It means that no person shall be refused entry, be expelled, or face any measure of persecution on account of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership of a particular social group.

Ethiopia’s open doors have made it easy for asy34

lum seekers to access its territory and also enjoy the full rights of refuge. The Refugee Law sets up the legal framework for the government to avail land to establish refugee camps in consultation and cooperation with regional states. The government has been able to allocate suitable plots of land for the establishment of refugee camps despite the environmental pressure the large presence of refugees puts on the environment, such as the Tigray region where land is scarce and the environment is fragile.

There are a number of ways Ethiopia has worked to create an easy and supportive process for asylum seekers. To begin with, refugees are not just welcomed at the border, but they are supported and escorted to a place of safety until they reach refugee camps. Asylum seekers often receive warm welcomes by local communities upon their arrival. It is also common to see hosting communities help the weak and sick, give them meals, and provide them with place to rest until they are safely transferred to refugee camps. Ethiopia has also designed an accelerated asylum process that has been a key aspect of the refugee registration process. The goal was to designate an increasingly efficient and effective process that reduced the amount of time refugees were unregistered and undocumented.

Once refugees are registered, they are moved to camps where they are able to receive the necessary services available. In close coordination with international aid agencies and local partners, the government ensures that all the necessary services are put in place in refugee camps including basic social services like food, water, shelter, health sanitation, and education. Efforts are also made to make refugees feel at home. For example, forums are held for both hosting communities and refugees to interact with one another and it is not uncommon to see gatherings like religious festivals and national holidays being celebrated together. This creates an attitude of respect for one another’s culture and traditions, which results The Eminence Jun Issue 09

in the ability to live amicably for longer periods.

With the refugee protection policy, it has also been witnessed that refugees in Ethiopia are presently able to enjoy the freedom to reside out of camps wherever they want. This exemplifies the government’s willingness to devise plans that encourage refugees to be productive while living in the country. One of these initiatives is the “Out of Camp Scheme” that was introduced in 2010. It has been hailed as a very important program for refugees not only to move freely across the country, but also to utilize their potential and improve their lives while in Ethiopia. This very plan has enabled Eritrean refugees to reunite with their family members and relatives living in Ethiopia, paving the way for stronger relationships between peoples. At the 63rd session EXCOM meeting in Geneva on October 1, 2012, Mr. António Guterres, the UN High Commissioner for refugees, highlighted in his opening statement that the new “Out of Camp Scheme” for Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia is also a promise to facilitate greater self reliance.

Living out of camps enables refugees to pursue their education, engage in gainful employment, and ultimately lead a much more productive life.

In spite of Ethiopia’s limited resources, it has also committed itself to providing refugees with educational opportunities that go up to a university level, since most refugees have been denied access and opportunities to go to school or college while in their countries. Due to prolonged conflicts in countries where refugees come from such as South Sudan and Somalia, infrastructures such as schools have been destroyed, limiting access to education. In other countries like Eritrea, opportunities for tertiary education are very much limited and the youth spend most of their productive years in the government open-ended and often forced into military service.

In many conflict-ridden countries in the Horn of Africa, young people have little to no access to continue education in higher learning institutions, but the Ethiopian government has allowed The Eminence Jun Issue 09

“Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.”

(Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 14)

refugees to enroll in Ethiopian institutions of higher learning, enabling them to gain skills and knowledge. The government has also opened up opportunities to get scholarships at government owned universities where they are able to attend certified vocational skills training institutions that allow them gain marketable and productive skills that enable them make a living while in the country and/or upon returning home. Hundreds of scholarships have been provided to refugees each year enabling them to enroll in first-degree programs and post-graduate studies. After graduation, quite a significant number of refugees have been able to set up their own businesses in the refugee camps. Some make an earning for themselves and their families through employment in the informal sector. The knowledge and skills they gain in the Ethiopian universities and colleges help them to rebuild their lives when they eventually return home.

The government of Ethiopia calls for increased attention to the plight of refugees and support from the international donor community. The government and people of Ethiopia have been generous in hosting refugees and sharing the meager resources they have, but because Ethiopia has become Africa’s largest refugee-hosting nation, the country is in need of more resources to accommodate the influx of refugees. It is important to note that the commitment demonstrated by the hosting communities in receiving refugees has greatly contributed to the enhancement of mutual trust, which therefore is an illustration of strong people to people relations that leave many refugees expressing their appreciation, love and respect towards the people and government of Ethiopia.

The government of Ethiopia as in previous years continues to expedite its responsibilities and expresses its commitment to continue providing the necessary protection and assistance to refugees and further maintain Ethiopia’s good records in respecting international refugee conventions it has ratified 35

Commentary

Yibeltal Alemu is a Human Resources Development Manager and Ex- G/ Manager of the Addis Ababa Hotel Owners Association, Yibeltal has been engaged in the hospitality sector for the last decade. He can be reached at ya_yibe@yahoo.com

Why not Hotels Ethiopia is a country known for its rich culture, historical sites, and delicious cuisines. This makes the country a popular tourist attraction on an international level and opens up a wide market for hotels. Though Ethiopia is a growing place for desired travel, local tourism in the country is still at a young stage in its development. Despite Ethiopia’s tourism industry being in its early stage, there is still an abundant amount of hotels on every corner of the country. This is because Ethiopia’s hotels are not just places where foreigners can check out rooms on their travels, but a space where local people can enjoy meals, come together to socialize, and take advantage of the many amenities hotels have available.

Though hotels have many things to offer the local people living in Ethiopia, many don’t make use of the various services they can access and typically just use them as places to gather on special and rare occasions like wedding ceremonies and Valentine’s Day events.

What are the reasons for this? One of the general assumptions about hotels is that their services are meant for foreigners and tourists, leading many to believe that they are overpriced and that locals cannot afford what they have to offer. But, surprisingly there are a number of restaurants in our city where the price of food and beverage items are higher than those at a hotel. There are many types of hotels that range from being common to more luxurious. The wide array of cost, ratings, and services provided make it accessible to people of all different backgrounds.

There may also be different cultural implications at play that might impact why local Ethiopians do not visit hotels often. Some people may not be comfortable going to hotels because of religious or conservative family members, friends, and relatives that associate hotels as places of infidelity. Another reason may be the assumption that those who go to hotels often are extravagant or flashy. Regardless of whether or not a person is wealthy, it is hard to escape this assumption and the beliefs that come with it. There are also formalities of hotel service that 36

locals are not exposed to. For example, menu items are long and confusing. Sometimes there are three forks presented to you when you eat and it may not be easy to identify for a person that doesn’t have experience with formal dining. I believe it is hard for locals to break old habits and learn new things. People may also be afraid of asking questions because they do not want to be seen as ignorant. This leads to them observing their surroundings and the ways other guests utilize services rather than asking questions and requesting explanations. This fear of being associated with having a lack of knowledge and being judged is also why many people choose to cook their food at home. Hotels are not only places of food and beverage accommodations.

They provide a wide variety of services that locals are missing out on when they dismiss hotels.

Hotels have a wide range of amenities and services to offer. For one, they have banquet halls and conference rooms of all sizes where one can hold different types of meetings and events. Event and conference services include a variety of accommodations including chair setup, an interpretation booth for translation in various languages, and coffee and food accommodations.

They also provide stationary items and audio, video, and teleconference services. There are also centers where you can get Internet access and handle business affairs like printing, scanning, photocopy, laminating, and binding.

Hotels are also places where you can enjoy relaxation.

Many hotels have health clubs that have swimming pools, steam rooms, massage services, and saunas.

They also have places you can play indoor and outdoor sports and gyms. There are beauty salons for both men and women where you can get manicures, pedicures, facials, waxing, or your hair styled and cut. There are also laundry services where you can get your clothes washed and dry cleaned; restaurants and pastry shops to eat and get baked goods at; Entertainment places to enjoy music performances, comedy shows, and live sports on big screen; and places for travelers like souvenir shops, airline ticket offices, and shuttle services that pick up and drop off guests and give them city tours

The Eminence Jun Issue 09

Commentary

This article was written by the Ethiopian Tourism Organization (ETO). The ETO has agreed to write regular commentary pieces that highlight current policy and strategic issues concerning the tourism sector. The organization can be reached at eto.org@gmail.com

Ethiopia Goes Global Part of the mandate given to the Ethiopian Tourism Organization (ETO) when it was first established in August 2014, involved marketing Ethiopia as a tourist destination globally. One way of doing this is participating in travel trade shows organized in source markets. With this in mind, the ETO participated in ITB (International Tourism Exchange) which was held in Berlin from March 4-8, 2015.

As the largest travel trade show in the world, ITB was a convenient platform to promote Ethiopia. This year 175,000 visited the show, of which 115,000 were trade visitors.

There were 10,096 exhibitors from 186 countries. Important stakeholders in world tourism also came to exchange ideas on the sector during the conference held in conjunction with the show. Taleb Rifai, the Secretary General of the Word Tourism Organizations, was one of the dignitaries present.

Participants, visitors and exhibitors alike had the opportunity to get introduced to new brands, identify recent trends in tourism, target strategic markets, create business opportunities, meet face to face with potential clients, and discover new promotional ideas.

ETO participated in collaboration with 22 Ethiopian tour operators. Each participant got a booth in a stand constructed to reflect the cultural aspect of Ethiopia. The organization spent 40,000 Euros on the design and construction of this stand, which has a VIP lounge and a store room as well as an ETO information counter. There was also space to display the traditional Ethiopian coffee ceremony inside the stall. Terrara Coffee sponsored it’s coffee products for the show.

Participation at ITB was possible because ETO mobilized the resources of its stakeholders, the Ethiopian Embassy in Germany and Ethiopian Airlines.

The Ethiopian Embassy in Germany was vital in hosting the reception dinner and facilitating contacts.

Ethiopian Airlines played a significant role in ensuring smooth travel for Ethiopian participants by transporting nearly 800kg of promotional material for

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free, providing discount tickets for participants and free tickets for ETO staff, in addition to covering the cost of the press conference and the reception program which served traditional Ethiopian food. With BGI Ethiopia and sister company Castel wine serving as sponsors, St. George Beer and Castel wine were served during show.

At the show, tour operators were able to meet their German counterparts and establish business relations. More than 5000 brochures printed in German and English language were disseminated. The coffee ceremony, presented to guests on each of the five days of the show, was the star attraction which brought many visitors to the Ethiopian stand.

The ETO was able to promote Ethiopia’s untapped tourism potential to travel agencies, media houses, marketing and advertising firms. More than 300 visitors sampled food and drinks at the Ethiopian stand.

Traditional songs and dances were also one part of the promotional activity. The overall evaluation of the ITB trade show indicates 116% achievement.

The ETO has participated in similar shows in UK and China and a road show in Japan. To learn what it can improve, it had set up an evaluation meeting with all stakeholders.

After participating in such trade shows the ETO believes now more than ever that such platforms provide a big opportunity to build up the positive image of Ethiopia, and drum up tourism business for the country. Strategic promotion of Ethiopia at these events is very important if the country is to become a top five tourist destination. Therefore the ETO is putting maximum effort in evaluating past performances to enhance strengths and rectify weaknesses Increasing the number of Ethiopian participants at these trade shows, planning ahead of time to set up networking platforms, are some of the lessons learnt from ETO’s participation at such shows until now. By using the recommendations it has gotten, the ETO looks forward to promoting Ethiopia even further by participating in other trade shows

37

Commentary Dorothy Hanson is an American who has lived in Ethiopia for the past 10 years. Still, the way Ethiopians say ‘yes’ to requests even if it causes them a great inconvenience still stumps her. She wonders if it would be easier to scrap this culture of yes.

The Complexity of ‘Eshi’ Negussi came to our morning appointment with six locally bound books with the name of the school written in clear letters across the front of each one. As we shared breakfast I asked, “Is that your school?” He replied with, “No, my cousin is attending this secondary school and he asked me to read these books for him and complete the assignments. I said I would help him. He is quite busy with his job.”

“Really?” I questioned. I was surprised because my associate was enrolled in a Masters program at Addis Ababa University and had a full-time job. How could he have time to help with someone else’s work? At a later time, I learned that he did complete 5 of the 6 books and the assignments. How can a student learn, earn his grades, and move on if someone else is doing his work? But that’s another issue!

On another occasion, the neighbor of my work colleague needed to use our minivan to transport guests for their wedding.

My colleague was not confident enough to drive for a wedding, so he asked his younger brother, Minessa, to drive. Minessa runs a business that requires his attendance because without him there would be no business. Regardless, Minessa agreed to drive because his brother asked and he ended up sacrificing a full Saturday’s work and income.

Recently, I went to the Condominium office to inquire about hiring a gardener.

A man was referred to me immediately.

We talked briefly and agreed on a time for him to come to my door. Three days later he still hadn’t arrived. Why did Negussi and Minessa deliver on their agree38

ments while the gardener did not? Did he want to refuse the work, but feared losing respect in the office? My house helper, on the other hand often respectfully, but firmly refuses my requests. She would say things like, “No, there isn’t enough water today, I will do that next time” or “No, the outside of that window is too difficult to wash, I can’t do that.” Is it because she has worked for a foreigner long enough that she is confident in her own boundaries and is able to refuse requests?

For the past 10 years, I have lived, worked, and loved the people of Ethiopia. Still, I continue to be confused by the Ethiopian culture that tells people what they want to hear in order to please them.

Rather than trying to analyze and understand it, I have come to accept it, and when I ask for something I wait to see if “yes” is the intended meaning. One way of communicating that helps is instead of stating a direct request one can ask if that request is possible. This launches a discussion in which I, as a foreigner, can hear more of an honest response. Beware visitors to Ethiopia. The culture in which you come from that expects “yes” to mean your request will be delivered may not match the Ethiopian response “Eshi” which doesn’t always translate to a simple “yes”. Rather it means “I respect you and I will tell you what you want to hear”.

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Ethiopians are very respectful of their guests, both local and foreign. In that sense, it would be very disrespectful to refuse someone’s requests. Be assured you are well cared for during your stay here, however short or long it may be The Eminence Jun Issue 09

Selam Isayas, an Ethiopian by birth and an anthropologist by training, explains how deep rooted this culture referred to as ‘Yilugnta’ is to Ethiopian culture and why it would be difficult to discard this deeply held value.

For the sake of ‘Yilugnta’ The word Yilugnta can narrowly be translated to mean ‘what would others say’. It is a practice that is widely performed by Ethiopians in their day-to-day social interactions. Broadly speaking, it can often be understood by many Ethiopians as a tradition, which requires censorship of behavior based on society’s expectations. It involves sacrificing one’s own comfort, time, and resources to establish and maintain social relationships.

In a traditional society like ours, which greatly values and relies on the support of family members, friends, relatives, neighbors, etc., it is necessary to act and behave in a manner deemed acceptable by your peers and the society. However, some Ethiopians and foreigners criticize the practice of yilugnta as a costly tradition that needs to be replaced or reformed because it constrains people’s choice to act and behave in a manner acceptable to himself/herself.

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Granted, the culture sometimes does pose a challenge in everyday interactions as it forces us to accept and participate in activities we don’t normally want or have time to be involved in. However, it should be noted that it is practiced with the belief that your sacrifice for others will be reciprocated in one way or another in the near future. For example, in Ethiopia there is a saying ‘kebari atasatagn’ which indicates an individual’s fear of being buried without the presence of other people to mourn their passing. As a result, they strictly adhere to the expected duties and responsibilities of being a member of a community, not just in occasions like death, but also in happier times, irrespective of the cost they might incur in order to ensure that in their time The Eminence Jun Issue 09

of need others will also return the favor.

The ultimate goal of the practice of yilugnta however, should not be understood simply in relation to reciprocity either. People’s respect and adherence to their culture also provides the opportunity to be awarded a status within their community. Those who conform to the values and norms of the society are regarded in high esteem by their friends, families and communities, and are called upon to serve in different social positions and institutions as mediators, leaders and organizers. Hence, if we intend to have and maintain a good social relationship with others, we are required to consider how our friends, family and community will regard our actions and behaviors.

What about those negative consequences of practicing yilugnta? you might ask?

Well similar to its benefit, concerning ourselves too much with what other people might say or think about the things we do and say can sometimes work to our disadvantage. For example, the extreme form of yilugnta can be to refrain from objecting and sticking to our principles because we are afraid to be labeled as selfish, uncooperative and uncompromising by our colleagues, friends, family and community. We do what others expect and refrain from saying ‘NO! I don’t want to’ or ‘I want to’ because we don’t want to be considered deviant. Therefore, the trick is to find a balance between these two extremes of yilugnta. Consider other people’s views but also do not let it dictate your every action. As the saying goes, “everything in moderation” 39

Sintayehu Bekele

Mandarin

Gonzalo Guajardo

王府饭店亚的斯亚贝巴 的中国美味 A Taste of China in Addis Han Restaurant

By Henok Solomon Staff Writer Translated by Jiaqi Xie

王府饭店是一个坐落于非洲亚的斯亚贝巴的中国餐厅，餐厅提供传统 的中国美食和地道的中式餐饮体验。我们Eminence也非常荣幸的被邀 请去品尝午餐。在那里我们感受到浓郁的传统的中国文化特色，并 品尝了地道而美味的中国食物，在就餐的过程中感受着皇家一般的服 务。 当你走进一个传统的中国家庭时，你 首先会注意到的是令人印象深刻的中 国传统装饰和雕刻，例如龙形状的石 雕，各种不同的壁画和木质的雕刻花 纹，这些经典的中国形象让人流连。 坐落在Bole路上的王府饭店将这些经 典的中国装饰风格带到了亚的斯，让 顾客有最直接的感官体验。“我们非 常想把真正的传统中国文化带到埃塞 俄比亚来。”王府饭店的经理Fiseha Baraki说。他告诉我们，在保持中国 传统美味的同时饭店也在尽力把当地 的饮食口味融入到餐厅中。 在我们收到邀请后，我们非常急切的 去尝一尝这家地道的中国餐厅，并亲 自感受传统中国的饮食文化。当我们 来到餐厅时，宽敞的停车场给我们留 下了深刻的印象，在逐渐拥堵的亚的 斯亚贝巴，停车是件麻烦的事情，但 40

是在这里我们可以很方便的上下车， 并找到停车位。这也让人们更方便的 停下车来看一看菜单而不用担心车 辆停靠问题。 走进餐厅，室内的浓 郁的中国特色设计和装饰立即吸引了 我们的眼球。传统的中式家具，大堂 美丽而明亮的吊灯，墙壁上龙纹图案 的雕刻配合传统的中国红色装饰让人 仿佛置身中国一般。餐厅通道的里面 是一个小型的中国超市，这个贴心的 商店里可以买到很多中国的食材和调 料，还有一些美味的零食和饮料可供 选择。我们看来这是一个非常新颖而 有趣的概念。入口处的牌匾上用中国 字写着餐厅的名字。菲赛哈亲切的为 我们介绍着这家餐厅，他告诉我们这 家餐厅于一年前开始正式运营，由 地道的中国人余品先生投资改造， 他拥有十年的埃塞生活经历，一直

想把传统的中国饮食文化带到这片土 地。 当我们流连于餐厅的美丽装饰 时，一阵菜肴的美味从厨房里飘来， 香气充满了整个房间。我们随着香味 跟去，看见了一个个小房间，和守在 房间外的美丽服务员。我们很奇怪的 问Fiseha为什么服务员都站在门外而 不是里面呢？难道是保镖吗？我们打 趣的说。我们相视一笑，Fiseha解释 道：“在中国传统的生意文化中，生 意人很讲究隐私性，在传统的中国文 化里，饮食和生意是紧紧的结合在一 起的，在就餐的过程中谈生意会涉及 到商业秘密，所以当客人指定了要到 包间就餐，就说明他们需要一个隐私 空间，所以当客人们需要服务时只要 打开门便可以随时得到很好地服务 了。”我们还发现，不同的包间可以 容纳不同的人数，并且每一个服务员 只负责服务自己包间里的人，这让每 个包间都能得到最好的服务而不用等 待很久。 王府饭店的厨师都是来自 于中国的技艺精湛的中餐师傅，他们 了解中国菜和中国文化，并有着丰富 的烹饪经验。居Fiseha介绍，餐厅筛 The Eminence Jun Issue 09

The Eminence Jun Issue 09

们发现这道菜很像埃塞俄比亚传统的 菜肴“Tibs”用锡纸和铁板进行烹 饪，味道鲜美可口。 中国的饮食文化和埃塞的不同，你需 要从不同的盘子里挑选你需要的食 物。每个人面前都有一个小碗用来装 汤，一副筷子和一个盘子来夹菜。如 果有需要也会有一个公用的筷子以供 人们分享菜肴。而在埃塞的饮食文化 中，我们会把所有的食物装在一个大 盘子里面配合Injera进行分享。 在就餐结束后，服务员帮我们清理了 桌子上的碗筷餐具，并给我们一 杯 茶来帮助消化。同时我们有幸采访 了几个在这里就餐的客人。第一个客 人叫西门，一个在埃塞俄比亚工作生 活了十年的人。“我非常喜欢中国的 食物和这里的装修风格，在这里你可 以吃到亚的斯亚贝巴最好的中国美 味。”西门告诉我们。然后他西门又 补充道：“上个月我刚来过这里，我 喜欢他们的服务态度，而且经常会来 这里就餐。”当我们问道还有什么地

方需要改进时，他说道：“还是需要 一些懂得中国文化的当地人来进行服 务，这样可以让客户更好的了解这里 的菜肴。” 杰克和克里斯蒂正在享 用午餐，我们询问他们关于这家店的 时候他们说道：“前一阵我们刚刚发 现这家店，在那之后我们几乎每天都 会来这里尝一尝新菜。”并且从和他 们的对话中我们了解到他们也曾试图 去过几个中国餐馆，并没有这一家这 么有特色，他们喜欢这里。“在北京 如果同样质量的菜会比这里贵。”最 后他们补充道。 王府饭店的经理告 诉我们，埃塞当地人来到餐厅最喜欢 点的菜是铁板牛肉，炸鸡和面条。他 补充道，最近越来越多的当地人愿意 尝试新的菜肴，并爱上这里。 王府 饭店拥有热情的服务，最正宗的中国 菜肴，到这里能够享受到更愉快的就 餐体验。他们的忠实客户的评价就能 证明这一点。如果能够有更多的埃塞 俄比亚当地人和非中国游客来到餐厅 就餐，这里将更加红火。 41

Gonzalo Guajardo

选了最具中国特色的正宗中国菜列入 菜单，并且让当地人作为厨师的帮手 协助主厨进行烹饪，这样的学习也将 锻炼他们，让他们最终可以成为中餐 烹饪大师。 王府饭店提供种类繁多的中国菜，超 过30种不同类型的菜品可供选择。这 些菜的价格区间从94到1800比尔不 等。在中国的餐饮文化中，人们习惯 点不同的菜进行分享，而不是每人一 道菜，所以当朋友多的时候人们可以 品尝到更多的菜肴而不会造成浪费。 在我们落座之后，服务员便为我们沏 茶倒水并发放菜单供我们选择。由于 我们并不了解中国菜的味道，只好让 服务员推荐一些比较受欢迎的菜来品 尝。服务员根据我们的口味需求推荐 了一道铁板牛肉和一个凉拌牛肉的 菜。在我们等待的过程中发现，餐厅 已经慢慢地挤满了来自亚洲，埃塞俄 比亚和欧洲的客人。当那盘铁板牛肉 飘着诱人的香气端上桌面的时候我们 已经被美味所吸引得快流口水了。我

Entertainment

Tourist Corner

The Familiar Neighbor

The Cautious Traveler

The Eminence met Abdela Oumer at his own Sudanese Restaurant on Cape Verde street. Abdela feels at home in Ethiopia because he says the culture is not much different from his own country. He is full of praises for the country about which he says there is nothing to hate.

Name: Abdela Oumer

Though he doesn’t speak Amharic or English, Mohamed Ibrahim is not lost in translation during his visit to Ethiopia because he took the caution of having a translator with him during his outings.

The translator was also present to ensure a smooth communication when The Eminence met Mohamed at Abdela’s Sudanese restaurant to ask about his impression of Ethiopia.

I am in Ethiopia because I own a restaurant in Addis Ababa.

Something easy to find back home and hard to find here: my traditional food is not available here. Most Sudanese people in Ethiopia come here and ask for the Sudanese food so I bring it from Sudan.

An Ethiopian concept I fail to understand I don’t speak the language at all.

My favorite thing about Ethiopia is the people, traditional Ethiopia, the weather, and social life. It feels like home

Name: Mohamed Ibrahim

Something that is easy to find here but hard to find in your home country there is not much difference between Sudanese and Ethiopia. Everything is much alike.

My least favorite thing about Ethiopia I love everything about Ethiopia. There is nothing I hate. I am happy here.

I’ve been in Ethiopia for: ten days

Age: I was born in 1955 I’m from Sudan

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My favorite Ethiopia cuisines are tibs and tibs firfir.

From: Yemen

I am in Ethiopia because I’m visiting An Amharic concept you don’t understand I don’t speak the language but with the help of my Ethiopian translator I am doing okay

The Eminence Jun Issue 09

Magic Eye

magiceye.com

Discover the 3D image within Unlike the way you normally see images by directly looking at the surface, aim your lines of sight in the middle, right before the image or aim your lines of sight in parallel direction beyond the picture. See answer on page 45

My favorite thing about Ethiopia is the interaction with people and the social life.

It’s a memory you won’t forget.

My least favorite thing about Ethiopia is nothing much honestly. But I faced some transportation problems during my stay. Other than that everything else is so peaceful and nice here.

My favorite Ethiopian cuisine is I didn’t taste Ethiopian food yet but I loved the basmati rice and the meat I get in the Arab restaurants here.

The Eminence Jun Issue 09

galleryhip.com

The things that are hard to find in your home country but easy to find here are interaction with people, beautiful girls, and the weather. But above all the peaceful environment is so great

Place the digits 1-9 exactly once in each horizontal row, each vertical column and each sub grid region. See answer on page 45

SUDOKU

The thing that is easy to find in your home country but hard to find in here is modern agricultural products.

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Classifieds Best conferences halls Places: ECA Avaliable Rooms: 12 Can accommodate: From 30 - 500 People Places: AU Avaliable Rooms: 40 Can accommodate: From 35 -2, 500 People Places: Sheraton Addis Ababa Avaliable Rooms: 9 Can accommodate: From 40 -450 People Places: Hilton Hotel Addis Ababa Avaliable Rooms: 8 Can accommodate: From 20 -650 People Places: Radission Blu Addis AbabaAvaliable Avaliable Rooms: 2 Can accommodate: From 12 -120 People

Hangout spots!

Places: Edna Mall/ Bob and Bongos Things to do: Watch box office movies, Skating, basket ball, cafés, 7D movies Places: Lafto Mall Things to do: Read your favorite books & enjoy hot drinks Places: Balageru Coffee Things to do: Read your favorite books & enjoy hot drinks Places: Bilos Café Things to do: One of the best pastries in town Places: Yougrut Inn Things to do: Free Wi-fi while enjoying tasty flavored yougrut Places: Bora Amusement Park Things to do: Marry-go-around, 8D movies, Swings, Slides Places: Ghion Hotel Things to do: Go - carts, swimming, Marry -go- around

“Please let it be noted neither the editorial team nor the company is liable for any errors or mistakes on the sources of information. The list is in no specific order”.

Places: Yaya Village Location: Sululeta Things to do: Restaurant & bar, Horse ridding, Rooms & High Attitude training Places: Liesake Resort and Spa Location: 45km of A. A Things to do: Restuarants, Rooms, Spa Places: Avanti Blue Nile Hotel Location: 550 km North West of A.A Things to do: Bar and Restaurant, Rooms with overall city view, massage

What to see in Addis Ababa?

Place: Red Terror Martyrs Memorial Museum Location: Meskel Square Place: The largest open market in Africa Location: Merkato Place: The gold jewelry market Location: Piassa Place: Holy Trinity Cathedral Location: 4 Kilo Place: National Museum Location: 5 Kilo Place: Ethnological Museum Location: 6 Kilo Place: Park (Anebesa Gebi) Location: 6 Kilo Place: Ethiopian traditional clothes and jewelry market Location: Shiro Meda Place: Panoramic view of Addis from Entoto Location: Entoto

Immerse Yourself in Ethiopian music and dance

Retreat

Place: Yod Abyssinia Location: Bole & Sarbet Time: from 7:00 PM- Mid night

Places: Kurifitu Resort & Spa Location: Debrezeit Things to do: Restaurant & Bar, Swimming, Kayaking, Spa,Rooms

Place: 2000 Habesha Location: Bole Time: from 7:00 PM- Mid night

Places: Kurifitu Resort & Spa Location: 550 km North West of A.A Things to do: Restaurants, Rooms with Lake Tana View, Fireplace, Swimming, Spa Places: Adulala Resort Location: Debrezeit Things to do: Restaurants & bar, Spa & Gym, Bungalows, Horse riding, fishing @ Babo Gaya lake & many other Places: African Vacation Location: Langanoo Things to do: Restaurant & bar, Swimming, Kayaking, Spa, Rooms, Horse ridding, game zone, different beach games

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Night Life in Addis Place: Gaslight Night Club Location: Sheraton Addis Place: Club Illusion Location: Around Ambassador Place: Black Rose Location: Around Bole road Place: Liquid Lounge Location: Next to Intercontinental Hotel Place: Champion Bar Location: On Boston Building

Place: Club H2O Location: On Yolly Building, “Chichiniya” Place: Suba Lounge Location: Wolesfere on Ethio-China road Place: Gravity Lounge Location: Next to Bole Medihanialem Church

Your Home Away from Home for Your Extended Stay Guest House: Beer Garden Inn Total Rooms: 21 Location: Bole Medhanialem Road near Edna mall Guest House: GT Guest House Total Rooms: 13 Location: Kirkos kifle ketema, 200m in from Deashen Bank on Sierra Leone Street Guest House: Yeka Guest House Total Rooms: 14 Location: British Embassy across the street from the Bio-Diversity Institute Guest House: Tizeze Hotel Total Rooms: 32 Location: In front of Bole Cargo near Amin General Hospital Guest House: Addis Guest House Total Rooms: 12 Location: Bole road 5 minutes from Bole International Airport

Beautiful Scenic and Wildlife in Ethiopia Place: Simien Mountains National Park Location: 748 km North West of A.A Some of the Animals we can find: Gelada baboon, Simien fox & Walia Ibex Place: Nechisar National Park Location: 510km South of A.A Some of the Animals we can find: Burchell’s Zebra, Grant’s gazelle, Guenther’s Dik-dik, Anubis Baboon & Grey Duiker.

Place: Awash National Park Location: 225 km East of A. A Some of the Animals we can find: Beisa oryx, Hamadryas Swaync’s Hartebeet Place: Omo National Park Location: 870 km South West of A.A Some of the Animals we can find: Burchell’s Zebra, Gerenuk & Kudu Place: Mago National Park Location: 782 km South of A.A Some of the Animals we can find:

The Eminence Jun Issue 09

Place: Bale Mountains National Park Location: Southern Ethiopia’s highest point Some of the Animals we can find: Topi, Lelwel hartebeest,Bustards, Hornbills, Weavers & Starlings Place: Gambella National Park Location: 850 km west of A. A Some of the Animals we can find: Nile Lechwe,WhiteEared Kob, Roan Antelope, and Whale-headed Stork Place: Abijatta-Shalla Lakes National Park Location: 200 km South of A. A Some of the Animals we can find: Great White Pelicans and Flamingo Place: Yangudi Rassa National Park Location: Afar Region Some of the Animals we can find: Soemmering’s gazelle, and Grevy’s zebra

International Cuisines in Addis Place: Al Mindi Location: Meskel Flower Specialty: Arabian Restaurants Place: Bombay Brasserie Location: Near Meridian Hotel Specialty: Indian Restaurants Place: Caribo Resturants Location: Sarebet Specialty: Caribbean and African cuisine Place: Castelli Location: Piassa Specialty: Italian Restaurant - pasta, grilled fish, chicken Place: Chez Fasil Restaurant and Bar Location: Meskel Flower Specialty: Specialized in Nouvelle & Fusion Cuisine Place: Cottage Location: Near Ambassador Specialty: Good restaurant with Irish coffee Place: Gati-Thai Restaurant Location: Rwanda Embassy Specialty: Genuine Thai Cuisine Place: German Restaurant Location: Near Japan Embassy Specialty: German food and beer

Police Stations Police Information Federal Police Commission AA Police Commission

991 916 011 157 21 21

Fire Brigade 1st Station Menilik II square 2nd station Addisu Kera 3rd station Mekanisa 4th station Nifas Silk 5th station Akaki 6th station Megenagna 7th station Bole

011 156 70 40 011 466 34 20 011 276 91 46 011 442 55 63 011 434 00 96 011 663 03 73 011 664 85 80

Phone Service Toll Free Information Service Federal Police Commission National Operator Fault Report Dial Up Internet Pre Paid Mobile Service/Bill Inquiry/Lost Mobile Registration/ Number Change Information Broad Band Customer Service PSTN Service Voice Mail Courier Service DHL EMS(Ethiopia) Federal Express TNT Skypok UPS Trans Express Ethiopia UN United Nations Development Program United Nations Children Education Fund United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Banks Abay Bank Addis International Bank Awash International Bank Bank of Abyssina Berhan International Bank Buna International Bank Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) Construction and Business Bank Cooperative Bank of Oromia Dashen Bank Debub Global Bank Development Bank of Ethiopia Enat Bank Lion International Bank Nib International Bank Oromia International Bank United Bank Wegagen Bank Zemen Bank

997 916 998 994 900 994 980 980 908 011 662 16 00 011 515 20 72 011 618 63 83 011 551 41 54 011 662 13 09 011 551 41 54 011 663 35 82 011 518 40 00 011 551 72 00

011 552 88 51 011 557 0502 011 557 00 00 011 551 41 30 011 618 57 32 011 158 08 67 011 122 87 55 011 551 23 00 011 552 27 59 011 467 18 03 011 467 40 87 011 551 11 88 011 550 49 48 011 662 60 00 011 550 32 88 011 557 21 13 011 465 52 22 011 552 38 00 011 550 11 11

Answer for The Magic Eye

Airlines British Midland (BMI) Egypt Air Ethiopian Airlines Emirates Kenya Airways K.L.M Royal Dutch Lufthansa Saudi Airline Yemen Airways

011 665 04 94 011 156 44 93 011 665 66 66 011 518 18 18 011 551 42 58 011 552 55 41 011 551 56 66 011 663 81 37 011 551 50 76

Hospitals Private Addis Cardiac Hospital Addis Hiwot Hospital Bete Zata Hospital Landmark Hospital Hayat Hospital Kadisco Hospital Public Black Lion (Tikur Anbessa) Hospital

011 663 47 20 011 618 04 49 011 551 41 41 011 552 62 29 011 662 44 88 011 629 89 04

Library Academy of Ethiopian Languages Alliance Ethio-Française British Council Economic Commission for Africa(ECA) library German Cultural Institut Italian Cultural Institute J.F Kennedy (A.A.U) A.A Municipality Library National Libraries & Archives

011 551 12 11

011 551 59 26 011 155 02 13 011 155 00 22 011 551 72 00 011 155 28 88 011 111 34 27 011 111 04 33 011 155 01 11 011 551 62 47

Art Gallery Asni Gallery Ersas Art Studio Goshu Art Gallery Gigi’s Afro Asian Design& Fine Interiors Makush Gallery

011 123 32 44 0913 66 02 30 011 661 03 97 0912 20 43 37 011 552 68 48

Tour and Travel Eminence Social Entrepreneurs Koreb Tour Operators Kibran Tours Plc Rainbow car rental and tour services

011 823 71 82 011 662 3179 011 662 62 14 011 371 79 40

Online Classifieds What’s Happening in Addis Ababa?

BUY AND SELL (Ethiopia) Kaymu 2 Merkato Latest Ethiopian Tenders and Bids Gulit online market Mekina online car market Pharmacy Abader Pharmacy Bata Pharmacy Ethio German Pharmacy

S u d o ku

www.facebook.com www.facebook.com www.facebook.com www.2merkato. com/tenders www.gulit.com www.mekina.net 011 662 43 97 011 655 21 34 0911 20 94 88

S o l u t i o n

Place: Kuriftu Diplomat Restaurant Location: On Boston Building Specialty: “The ultimate global cuisine”

Tomoca Coffee Abissiynia Coffee Alem Bunna

The Eminence Jun Issue 09

magiceye.com

Some of the Best Coffee Houses

galleryhip.com

Place: Rainbow Korean Restaurant Location: Near Japan Embassy Specialty: Korean Restaurant

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The Eminence Jun Issue 09

The Eminence Jun Issue 09

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The Eminence Jun Issue 09