August 2021 - The Epidemiology Monitor by The Epidemiology Monitor

From Pandemic To Endemic---SARS CoV-2 Now Likely To Be Ever Present New Strategies Called For To “Live With The Virus” Several realities about SARS CoV-2 virus have become apparent during the summer of 2021 making the herd immunity goal appear impossible. One British epidemiologist, head of the Oxford Vaccine Group has gone so far as to describe the goal as now “mythical”.

persons can become infected, then “…that means that anyone who is still unvaccinated, at some point, will meet the virus. That might not be this month or next month, it might be next year, but at some point they will meet the virus and we don’t have anything that will stop that transmission.”

Sir Andrew Pollard told Open Access Government that because vaccinated

- Endemic con't on page 2

Applications To Schools Of Public Health Increase Significantly During COVID-19 Pandemic Surge Called A “Huge Relief” Applications to Schools of Public Health have increased by more than 40% from March March 2020 to March 2021 according to estimates provided by the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH). The actual number of applicants as of March 2021 stood at 24,176 for 126 accredited and 6 non-accredited programs. The 40% increase took place after the schools had a greater than 20% increase in March 2020 compared to 2019 after WHO declared a pandemic. August 2021

Epidemiology is ranked first among the seven graduate level areas of study indicated on applications. According to ASPPH, growth in applications is not a new phenomenon for public health as there has been growth in both graduate and undergraduate programs for the past two decades. Besides sparking increased interest in studying public - Schools cont'd on page 4 •

Volume Forty Two •

Number Eight

In This Issue -3Science Academies Call for Government Convention -5First 2020 Census Data -7Notes On People -9Near Term Epi Event Calendar -10Career & Event Marketplace

-Endemic cont'd from page 1 The Epidemiology Monitor ISSN (0744-0898) is published monthly by Roger Bernier, Ph.D., MPH at 7033 Hanford Dr,, Aiken, SC, 29803, USA. Editorial Contributors Roger Bernier, PhD, MPH Editor and Publisher

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Change Is Coming Other countries such as China, Australia, and Singapore which have had a goal of achieving and maintaining “zero cases” requiring lockdowns and strict border control measures are also reconsidering their strategy. China has been battling an outbreak in 17 provinces. All of these countries are facing a need to reopen to the world for economic or other reasons and that seems impossible with a zero tolerance approach to new cases of a highly transmissible virus. Zeng Guang, chief epidemiologist at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, told the South China Morning Post “the vast majority are mild cases which should not have caused so much panic and pressure…Staying at zero cases is absolutely impossible from the perspective of the whole world…and other countries will not wait for zero cases before they open their borders.” Beijing is slated to host the Winter Olympics in 2022 and is looking to adapt its strategy to be workable in that challenging situation. Other Factors The change in thinking is being prompted not only by the Delta variant of SARS CoV-2, but the difficulty of achieving high vaccination levels in countries with access to vaccines, the lack of vaccines for the majority of the world’s population, the politicization of masking as a control measure, and the re-infection of vaccinated persons who can transmit the virus. Here To Stay

As a result, we must acknowledge that the virus is here to stay and learn to

live with it, according to former CDC Director Tom Frieden. His conclusion is the topic of an essay in the Wall Street Journal Entitled “The Delta Variant and Beyond: Learning To Live With Covid”. Frieden points out that the virus can still infect persons with previous Covid infections because the immunity from infection is less robust than that following vaccination. The level of herd immunity that would be needed to achieve full control is too high (estimated to be 85%) than what is achievable in many countries and around the globe anytime soon. Estimates are that the majority of Global South countries are less than 10% vaccinated and the majority of vaccines are going to high income countries. Vaccine immunity itself may wane and produce breakthrough infections. A New Strategy A new strategy is needed according to Frieden that would utilize different degrees of control measures depending on the amount of spread taking place in a particular population. In areas of low spread, something closer to normal life before Covid might be possible. In areas with high spread, effective control measures such as vaccination, greater ventilation, distancing, and masking are likely to have to be implemented. Also, Frieden notes that how we travel and congregate will not return to pre-pandemic ways of doing things. Mandates are likely to become widely accepted as will vaccine verification documents. Optional Threats In seeking to encapsulate what we are learning and have learned from the - Endemic con't on page 4

Science Academies From G20 Countries Call For A New Intergovernmental Convention To Kickstart An International Agreement on Pandemic Preparedness and Management The opening paragraph of a joint statement by the Science Academies of the G20 countries could not be clearer— ”Achieving protection against a pandemic is a public good. Like mitigation of climate change, it is a supranational issue that cannot be left only to national governments. Achieving global security (including prevention of pandemics) requires reinforced international collaboration to deliver decisions about allocation of limited resources.” Just how far that international collaboration has failed is made evident in a statement from the Task Force on COVID-19 Vaccines, Therapeutics and Diagnostics for Developing Countries which was established by WHO and other international bodies. Vaccine Shortage “We reiterate the urgency of providing access to COVID-19 vaccines, tests and treatments to people throughout the developing world. In the area of vaccines, a key constraint is the acute and alarming shortage in the supply of doses to low and low-middle income countries, especially for the rest of 2021. We call on countries with advanced COVID-19 vaccination programs to release as soon as possible as much of their contracted vaccine doses and options to COVAX, AVAT, and low and low-middle income countries.

Shortfalls We are concerned that vaccine delivery schedules and contracts for COVAX, AVAT, and low and lowmiddle income countries are delayed or too slow. Less than 5% of vaccine doses that were pre-purchased by or for low-income countries have been delivered. Our common target is for at least 40% of people in low and low-middle income countries to be vaccinated by the end of 2021. We estimate that less than 20% of the necessary vaccines is currently scheduled for delivery to these countries, whether through COVAX, AVAT, or bilateral deals and dosesharing agreements. “

“...it is a supranational issue that cannot be left only to national governments."

Booster Doses Another fact that attests to the failure to achieve international collaboration is that no first world countries have yet agreed to pause their COVID booster vaccination plans (3rd doses) in order to furnish vaccines to low income countries where vaccination coverage is often less than 10%. A Convention

“...no first world countries have yet agreed to pause their COVID booster vaccination plans..."

In addition to making numerous recommendations on pandemic prevention and early detection and on interventions, the group of 20 countries called for an international agreement on pandemic preparedness and management that could be initiated through an Intergovernmental Convention. It - Science cont'd on page 4

“...what we can do safely depends on what we do effectively as a society…"

-Science cont'd from page 3

-Endemic cont'd from page 3

would provide a forum for discussing the successes and failures which emerged from the experience with COVID 19 and the need for incentives and mechanisms to reinforce the International Health Regulations (IHR’s). The G20 countries believe the IHR’s “must become a sharper instrument for action and more timely reporting of potential outbreaks.” The goal of the international agreement should be to assure the implementation of practices based on the best available science and technology and to depoliticize and integrate public health messaging from a widely accepted source.

Covid-19 pandemic, Frieden says “we may recognize that we, as individuals, are not the sole masters of our destinies and that what we can do safely depends on what we do effectively as a society…In the long run, Covid may help us to recognize that many deadly and expensive health threats are optional. We can choose to adopt programs and policies that can relegate to history many of the infections and conditions that today drive up health care costs and drive down productivity and life expectancy. What we must now change is the cycle of panic and neglect of public health in response to health threats. Doing the same thing over and over but expecting different results may or may not be a good definition of insanity, but it’s certainly a formula for failing to end the Covid crisis and leaving the world vulnerable to the next—potentially even more devastating pandemic.” ■

Read the full set of recommendations, here: https://bit.ly/37QCZJh -Schools cont'd from page 1

“...it looked like we had hit a plateau…"

health, the pandemic has also produced other changes to employment, to higher education application processes and to course delivery that help account for the surge in applications. Another contributing factor to the increased interest in public health according to the Nation’s Health newspaper is the national focus on social and racial justice sparked by the murder of George Floyd in May 2020. Racial inequity, systemic racism, and social determinants of health are all amenable to further study and to being tackled by public health skill sets. According to Laura Magantildea, president and CEO of the ASPPH, quoted in Nation’s Health, “Just one year before the pandemic, we saw a decrease in applications and, if you look at the past 35 years or so, it looked like we had hit a plateau…This is a huge relief.” ■

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Highlights From First Detailed Look At 2020 Census Data The Bureau of the Census has provided the first detailed statistics from the 2020 Census and the results afford a picture of the total size of the US population, its age composition, residential patterns, and its increased diversity by race and ethnicity. The data reflect where Americans were living as of April 1, 2020 . Total Population by Age In 2020, the U.S. Census Bureau counted 331.4 million people living in the United States; more than threequarters (77.9%) or 258.3 million were adults, 18 years or older — a 10.1% increase from 234.6 million in 2010. The aging of baby boomers is partly driving the growth in the adult population. By comparison, the younger population under age 18 numbered 73.1 million, or 22.1% of the U.S. population in 2020, a 1.4% decrease from 74.2 million in 2010. The slow decline of the younger population is in part due to a general decrease in fertility ongoing since 2007. During the same period, the total U.S. population grew at a slower rate than the adult population: up 7.4% from 308.7 million in 2010. TABLE 1 Age Group

Number

% Change from 2010

Adult age 18 and older

258.3 Million

Up 10.1%

Under age 18

73.1 Million

Down 1.4%

Total

331.4 Million

Metro Areas The population of US metro areas grew by 9% from 2010 to 2020 and now accounts for 86% of the US population.

accounts for 86% of the US population. Overall growth during the decade 2010to 2020 was lower than in any decade since the 1930’s. “Our nation is growing slower than it used to,” according to Marc Perry, senior demographer at the Census Bureau. More than half of the counties in the US ( 52%) had fewer people in 2020 than in 2010. In contrast, more than 80% of US metropolitan areas gained population during the decade. Race and Ethnicity

“...the U.S. Census Bureau counted 331.4 million people living in the United States..."

It is important to understand how the Census Bureau collects race and ethnicity data. Two separate questions were asked to collect the races and ethnicities of the US population (one for race and one for Hispanic or Latino origin). The Office of Management and Budget identifies five minimum categories for race (White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) as required by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The Bureau of the Census uses a sixth category called “Some Other Race” for people who do not identify with any of the five OMB race categories. According to Census Bureau analysts, statistics are tabulated on people who report only one race in one of these six “race alone” categories.

“Our nation is growing slower than it used to...”

People who report multiple races are tabulated in the “Multiracial” population also known as the “Two or More Races” population. This approach - Census con't on page 6

-Census cont'd from page 5 results in seven different categories to report out race data. (see Table 2 below)

“...the US population is much more multiracial and more diverse than what the Bureau has measured in the past."

"The Hispanic or Latino population which includes people of any race was 62.1M in 2020."

For ethnicity, OMB standards only have two categories---Hispanic or Latino OR Not Hispanic or Latino. People of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race. According to the Census Bureau, the improvements and changes enabled a more thorough and accurate depiction of how people self-identify, yielding a more accurate portrait of how people report their Hispanic origin and race within the context of a two question format. These changes reveal that the US population is much more multiracial and more diverse than what the Bureau has measured in the past. The Hispanic or Latino population which includes people of any race was 62.1M in 2020. This population grew by 23% over the decade while the Non Hispanic or Latino population grew by 4.3% since 2010. TABLE 2

Diversity Index A Census Bureau Diversity Index is used to measure the probability that two people chosen at random will be from different racial and ethnic groups. The chance that two people chosen at random will be from different groups increased from 54.9% in 2010 to 61.1% in 2020. In making these diversity calculations, the Census Bureau makes use of mutually exclusive racial AND ethnic non-overlapping categories. The following groups are used in the diversity calculations summing up to the total population: ♦ Hispanic ♦ White alone, non Hispanic ♦ Black or African American alone, non Hispanic ♦ American Indian and Alaska Native alone, non Hispanic ♦ Asian alone, non Hispanic’ ♦ Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, non Hispanic ♦ Some other race alone, non Hispanic ♦ Multiracial, non Hispanic

Race Categories

Race Alone or one race in combination with another race

Comment

White

235.4 Million

204.3M White alone down by 8.6% since 2010

Some other race

49.9 Million

Increased 129% to become the second largest category

Black or African American

46.9 Million

Multiracial-Two or more races

33.8 Million

Asian

24 Million

American Indian and Alaska Native

9.7 Million

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander

1.6 Million

A 276% increase over the 9M in 2010

Notes on People Do you have news about yourself, a colleague, or a student? Please help The Epidemiology Monitor keep the community informed by sending relevant news to us at this address for inclusion in our next issue. people@epimonitor.net

Threatened: Gili Regev-Yochay, by death messages sent to her anonymously in reaction to her statements about Covid vaccines. Dr Regev-Youchay is director of the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit at Sheba Medical Center in Israel. The Times of Israel described the messages as “Kill yourself before you recommend another person inject [a vaccine] and “May you suffer from paralysis until your last day.” A second member of the Sheba staff has also received equally worrisome threats, according to the Times.

Appointed: Chen Chien-jen, epidemiologist in Taiwan who served as vicepresident of Taiwan from 2016 to 2020, to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences at the Vatican. The role of members of the Academy is to advise on matters involving science. Chen is currently professor and researcher at Taipei’s Academic Sinica.

Appointed: Margaret Daniele Fallin, as a Bloomberg Centennial Professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. Dr Fallin is currently chair of the Department of Mental Health and holds joint positions in the School’s departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and in the School of Medicine at Hopkins. Dr Fallin’s research focuses on neuropsychiatric disorders, primarily autism, and developing applications and methods for genetic and epigenetic epidemiology.

Winner: Gabby Thomas, of a bronze medal in the 200 meter race at the Tokyo Olympics. Thomas is currently a graduate student in epidemiology at the University of Texas.

Notes on People, continued from page 7 Do you have news about yourself, a colleague, or a student? Please help The Epidemiology Monitor keep the community informed by sending relevant news to us at this address for inclusion in our next issue. people@epimonitor.net

Elected: Onyebuchi Arah, in June as president-elect of the Society for Epidemiologic Research. Dr Arah is professor of epidemiology at the University of California—Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health and the founding associate dean for global health at UCLA.

Knighted: Albert Hofman, in the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands for exceptional service to the community. This is the oldest and highest civilian order of chivalry in the Netherlands. Hofman is chair of the Department of Epidemiology at Harvard’s Chan School of Public Health. Harvard News described Hofman as the most highly cited scientist in the Netherlands and an internationally recognized leader in the epidemiology of common neurologic and vascular diseases, in particular dementia and stroke.

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8 Near Term Epidemiology Event Calendar Every December The Epidemiology Monitor dedicates that issue to a calendar of events for the upcoming year. However that often means we don't have full information for events later in the upcoming year. Thus an online copy exists on our website that is updated regularly. To view the full year please go to: http://www.epimonitor.net/Events The events that we are aware of for the next two months follow below.

September 2021 Sept 3-6

http://bit.ly/2DZRyeq

Conference / 22nd IEA World Congress of Epidemiology 2021 / Multiple / Melbourne, Australia Sept 7

http://bit.ly/2KBdHGu

Event / Inaugural World Field Epidemiology Day / TEPHINET / Worldwide Sept 19-21 https://bit.ly/2pNWzQF Conference / 2021 IAPHS Conference / Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Science / Baltimore, MD Sept 22-24 http://bit.ly/2LDvjQ2 Conference / ECVPH AGM & Annual Scientific Conference 2020 / European College of Veterinary Public Health / Athens, Greece Sept 26 - Oct 3 https://bit.ly/2Iu3ds4 Conference / ID Week / Multiple / San Diego, CA

Help complete the epi calendar for 2021 The events listed on the next page in blue have traditionally run in September each year. As of the date of publication, we cannot locate updated information for these specific events for 2021. We will be updating our calendar monthly throughout 2021. If you have any information on these events please contact us at events@epimonitor.net Please check our website and newsletter issue often for new information.

Conference / 6th World Congress & Expo on Public Health, Epidemiology and Nutrition / Multiple / http://bit.ly/2qL5aHx Conference / 2021 American College of Epidemiology Annual Meeting / ACE / http://bit.ly/38mGTZg

October 2021 Oct 15-18 http://bit.ly/37rpmAI Conference / IGES 2021 / International Genetic Epidemiological Society / Montreal, Canada Oct 23-27 http://bit.ly/2PA0exQ Event / Inaugural World Field Epidemiology Day / TEPHINET / Worldwide Oct 28-29 http://bit.ly/34mL0Ew Conference / European Dermato-Epi Forum / European Dermato-Epidemiology Network (EDEN) / Rotterdam, The Netherlands Oct TBA https://bit.ly/3ozUgwq Conference / 13th Annual ISPE Asia Conference / International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology / Seoul, Korea

VIRTUAL 5-Day Autumn School in Clinical Epidemiology 13 - 17 September 2021 (early booking deadline 02 August 2021)

Course Faculty: Albert Hofman, MD, PhD Stephen B. Kay Family Professor of Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology, Harvard Chan School of Public Health; Uwe Siebert, MD, MPH, MSc, ScD Professor of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and HTA (UMIT TIROL), Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology and Health Policy & Management (Harvard Chan School of Public Health); Ursula Rochau, MD, MSc Ass.Prof. Priv.-Doz. (UMIT TIROL). The Virtual Autumn School in Clinical Epidemiology takes place 13 - 17 September 2021. This online course will provide a comprehensive overview of epidemiologic principles and methods to problems encountered in public health and clinical medicine. It provides important information for clinicians and health policy makers in order to identify risk factors for diseases and to determine optimal preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for individuals and populations. The course combines synchronous online lectures, discussions and case study group work. Main lecturer will be Prof. Albert Hofman, Professor of Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology at Harvard University. For more information please click here. (www.htads.org)

Further Courses: Modeling Approaches for HTA: A Practical Hands-on Workshop 08 - 10 September 2021 (early booking deadline 25 July 2021) This practical hands-on workshop provides an overview on five different modeling techniques applied in Public Health & Outbreak Research with an emphasis on reals world case examples from different acute and chronic diseases. For more information please click here. (www.htads.org)

Post-Doctoral Fellow – Maternal & Child Health Epidemiology Kaiser Permanente Southern California’s Department of Research and Evaluation (R&E) conducts high-quality, innovative translational research that benefits the health of its members and the communities from which they come. At Kaiser Permanente, research helps us learn what we need to do to provide better care for our members and promote better health in the community. More than 450 people work at the Pasadena, California-based Department of Research & Evaluation. The department is the primary hub of research for Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), supporting research by full-time faculty members as well as medical center-based clinician researchers. The Department of Research and Evaluation is seeking Post-Doctoral Research Fellows interested in maternal and child health epidemiologic research studies. This one-year renewable position (funding and performance dependent) will provide mentored experience in field work, proposal development and scientific publication, designed to prepare the incumbent for a productive career as an independent researcher. Essential Responsibilities:  Designs, develops and directs well-defined research with supervision from a R&E Research Scientist.  Prepares grant proposals and publications independently and collaboratively.  Provides consultation and direction to programmer/analysts with regard to data management and analysis strategies.  May perform subject assessments or chart reviews or provide direction to research support staff performing these tasks.  Submits abstracts to and presents papers at national scientific meetings.  Seeks consultation from research scientists for specific scientific and administrative issues.  Participates in R&E department meetings and projects as appropriate. Preferred Qualifications:  Track record of publication in the peer-reviewed literature and grant-writing experience.  Doctoral degree (Ph.D., Dr.P.H., M.D., Sc.D.) in epidemiology, preferably in maternal and child health epidemiology, or clinical doctoral degree + master's degree with formal research training in epidemiology.  Competent in advanced research methods, including statistical techniques and study design commonly used in epidemiologic research or related fields. KPSC is a leading managed health care organization with 4 million members of diverse race/ethnicity living throughout Southern California. They are attended by over 6,000 physicians practicing in an integrated, pre-paid delivery system that provides comprehensive health care and pharmaceutical benefits to members of the non-profit Kaiser Foundation Health Plan and Hospitals. KPSC has deployed an extensive clinical information system, including a fully automated medical record system. A description of the Department of Research & Evaluation is available on the web (http://www.kp-scalresearch.org/). It is the home to nearly 30 doctorally prepared investigators and over 300 support staff. The Department is located in Pasadena, a community of 143,000 residents and the home of the California Institute of Technology, the Rose Bowl, the Jet Propulsion Lab, and other historical and cultural sites. Information about the community can be found online at www.visitpasadena.com. Pasadena is in the San Gabriel Valley 15 minutes north of downtown Los Angeles in sunny southern California. For more information or to apply for this position, please click below Please click here for Kaiser Permanente SC R&E Post-doc Maternal & Child Health Epidemiology or visit the Kaiser Permanente job website at https://www.kaiserpermanentejobs.org/ and search 895949 in the keyword field.

Please also email your CV with a cover letter to allan.slatkin@kp.org

KPSC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer and offers competitive salary and comprehensive benefit packages.

Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Cancer Epidemiology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology The Department of Research and Evaluation (R&E) of Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) is seeking a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow interested in cancer epidemiology & survivorship, pharmacoepidemiology, or infectious disease epidemiology. Scientists in the Department of R&E conduct research involving large, diverse populations, providing timely evidence to decisionmakers and the public. The research teams have expertise and experience in performing a vast array of population-based epidemiologic cancer research and infectious disease research, including HIV/STI. Projects range from large, multisite epidemiologic studies on cancer and HIV/STI prevention, diagnosis, molecular markers, treatment and clinical outcomes, and survival. The overarching goal of these studies is to use our large membership and extensive data to generate results that will improve cancer care and contribute to scientific knowledge about cancer outcomes. The research teams work with partners from government, industry, academia, and other health care systems. This one-year renewable position (funding and performance dependent) will provide mentored experience in field work, proposal development and scientific publication, designed to prepare the incumbent for a productive career as an independent researcher. Essential Responsibilities:  Designs, develops and directs well-defined research with supervision from a R&E Research Scientist.  Prepares grant proposals and publications independently and collaboratively.  Provides consultation and direction to programmer/analysts with regard to data management and analysis.  May perform subject assessments or chart reviews or provide direction to research support staff performing these tasks.  Submits abstracts to and presents papers at national scientific meetings.  Seeks consultation from research scientists for specific scientific and administrative issues.  Participates in R&E department meetings and projects as appropriate. Preferred Qualifications:  Doctoral degree (Ph.D., Dr.P.H., M.D., Sc.D.) in epidemiology, preferably in cancer and/or infectious disease epidemiology, or clinical doctoral degree + master's degree with formal research training in epidemiology and/or biostatistics.  Track record of publication in the peer-reviewed literature.  Research experience in epidemiology or biostatistics and track record of publishing in peer-reviewed journals.  Competent in advanced research methods, including statistical techniques and study design commonly used in epidemiologic research or related fields. A description of the Department of Research & Evaluation is available on the web at http://kp.org/research. It is home to 30+ doctorally-prepared investigators and over 350 support staff. The Department is located in Pasadena, California, a community of 140,000 residents and the home of the California Institute of Technology, the Rose Bowl, the Jet Propulsion Lab, and other historical and cultural sites. Information about the community can be found at https://www.visitpasadena.com. KPSC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer and offers a comprehensive compensation package, including employer-paid medical, dental and coverage for eligible dependents. Competitive wages, generous paid time-off and a comprehensive retirement plan are just part of the exceptional benefits offered to Kaiser Permanente employees. For immediate consideration, interested candidates should submit their letter of interest, CV and references to Dr. Kristi Reynolds, Director of Epidemiologic Research (email: allan.slatkin@kp.org) and by visiting www.kp.org/careers, referencing position number 961052. KPSC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer and offers competitive salary and comprehensive benefit packages.

Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Infectious Disease Epidemiology The Department of Research and Evaluation (R&E) of Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) is seeking a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow interested in infectious disease epidemiology and vaccine safety and effectiveness. The R&E of KPSC conducts high-quality research involving large, diverse populations, providing timely evidence to decisionmakers and the public. The research team has expertise and experience in performing a vast array of infectious disease research, including vaccine research studies. Studies range from large, multisite epidemiologic studies on a variety of topics including antibiotic resistance, hospital infections, tuberculosis, COVID-19, and vaccine preventable diseases, to Phase IV vaccine postlicensure observational studies. The research team works with partners from government, industry, academia, and other health care systems. Our vaccine research consists of topics including vaccine safety and effectiveness, vaccines in special populations (e.g., pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals), vaccine uptake and compliance with recommendations, and methodologies for vaccine studies. Findings from studies guide KPSC clinical care improvement efforts, as well as immunization policy and regulatory decisions and provide the public with information regarding risks and benefits of immunization. This one-year renewable position (funding and performance dependent) will provide mentored experience in field work, proposal development and scientific publication, designed to prepare the incumbent for a productive career as an independent researcher. Essential Responsibilities:  Designs, develops and directs well-defined research with supervision from a R&E Research Scientist.  Prepares grant proposals and publications independently and collaboratively.  Provides consultation and direction to programmer/analysts with regard to data management and analysis strategies.  May perform subject assessments or chart reviews or provide direction to research support staff performing these tasks.  Submits abstracts to and presents papers at national scientific meetings.  Seeks consultation from research scientists for specific scientific and administrative issues.  Participates in R&E department meetings and projects as appropriate. Preferred Qualifications:  Doctoral degree (Ph.D., Dr.P.H., M.D., Sc.D.) in epidemiology, preferably in infectious disease epidemiology, or clinical doctoral degree + master's degree with formal research training in epidemiology.  Track record of publication in the peer-reviewed literature.  Research experience in infectious disease epidemiology or vaccine safety and effectiveness.  Competent in advanced research methods, including statistical techniques and study design commonly used in epidemiologic research or related fields. A description of the Department of Research & Evaluation is available on the web at http://kp.org/research. It is home to 30+ doctorally-prepared investigators and over 350 support staff. The Department is located in Pasadena, California, a community of 140,000 residents and the home of the California Institute of Technology, the Rose Bowl, the Jet Propulsion Lab, and other historical and cultural sites. Information about the community can be found at https://www.visitpasadena.com. KPSC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer and offers a comprehensive compensation package, including employer-paid medical, dental and coverage for eligible dependents. Competitive wages, generous paid time-off and a comprehensive retirement plan are just part of the exceptional benefits offered to Kaiser Permanente employees. For immediate consideration, interested candidates should submit their letter of interest, CV and references to Dr. Kristi Reynolds, Director of Epidemiologic Research (allan.slatkin@kp.org) and by visiting www.kp.org/careers, referencing position number 961068.

KPSC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer and offers competitive salary and comprehensive benefit packages.

DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION OF GERONTOLOGY - SEARCH REOPENED The Department of Epidemiology and Public Health of the University of Maryland School of Medicine is seeking a division director at the associate or full professor rank for an exciting opportunity to expand and accelerate the growth of the Division of Gerontology. A generous and competitive start-up package will be provided to support the division director’s research initiatives and growth of the division. The successful candidate for the division head position will be a national leader with commitment to conducting and fostering interdisciplinary research in the epidemiology of aging and gerontology, will have a record of extramural research funding, and leadership and management capabilities. The division director is expected to develop and enhance collaborative research within the division, department, and medical system, and actively teach and participate in the department’s training programs for graduate students and post-doctoral fellows. Opportunities to teach medical students and students in other professional schools on our health services campus also are possible. The division’s seven faculty members have ongoing multidisciplinary research and collaborations across campus, focused on strategies to prevent and improve outcomes from disabling conditions among older persons. Gerontology division faculty collaborate with others throughout the University of Maryland Baltimore campus, which includes six professional schools (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, social work, and law), other University of Maryland campuses, as well as those in other academic and industry settings. The division also is the administrative home for the campus-wide Center for Research on Aging, the Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center – funded since 1994, the Gerontology Doctoral Program, and the federally funded Research Training in the Epidemiology of Aging (T32). The department, which is ranked first in NIH funding for like-departments in public schools of medicine, comprises 45 full-time faculty members, has strong research programs in cancer epidemiology, genomic and infectious disease epidemiology, translational toxicology, biostatistics, preventive medicine, and health disparities and population health. The department is also the home for doctoral degree programs in Epidemiology and Human Genetics, and in Gerontology, as well as master’s programs in epidemiology, clinical research, and public health. Qualifications: Ph.D. and/or M.D. with significant experience collaborating in an interdisciplinary research setting, background in epidemiology and/or gerontology, and an established record of extramural research funding are required. For confidential inquiries, please contact Dr. Jack Guralnik at jguralnik@som.umaryland.edu or Dr. Ann GruberBaldini at abaldin@som.umaryland.edu. TO APPLY: Please submit applications online at: https://umb.taleo.net/careersection/jobdetail.ftl?job=170001XK&lang=en#.WjliERVAqss.email Applications should include a cover letter indicating research interests, CV, and names of 3 references. Reference position # 03-307-143. The University of Maryland, Baltimore is an Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action Employer. Minorities, women, veterans, and individuals with disabilities are encouraged to apply.

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