Ukiyo 10 Page Summary
Roanna Hutcheson, 2184344H, MEng Product Design Engineering, Year 5, April 2021
1
Ukiyo: Product Overview Who 18-67 year olds working from home in the UK.
What A dynamic workspace converter.
When It is recommended that users switch their workspace between sitting and standing every 30 minutes.
Where From small apartments with minimal storage space to luxurious home o ce spaces.
Why To reduce inactivity and prevent the onset of musculoskeletal disorders.
ffi
Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5
Collaboration “One of the best things we can do is to alternate between sitting and standing throughout the day”
User Insights
Expert Insights The initial aim of this project was to determine how the posture of those working from home may be improved, however engagement with key stakeholders highlighted the root problem. Professors of Physiology and Physiotherapy, Ergonomists, Evolutionary Anthropologists and Yoga Instructors advised the key to reducing back, neck and shoulder pain is movement, not posture. Research literature supports this, suggesting back pain is not a consequence of poor posture. Inspired by insights, the project aim was to encourage people to move more throughout their working from home day.
Initial user insights from interviews highlighted that users do not like sitting down all day when working from home. A recent study commissioned by Nurofen has shown that lockdown has caused a rise in aches and pains – with over one third of British people experiencing back, head and joint pain. Out of participants, 25% blame their new pain on their poor home of ce or workstation set-up. On the market today, exists a wide range of di erent home o ce solutions, however, upon analysis, user research concluded that existing solutions are either too bulky and space consuming or do not t in aesthetically with the users’ home environment.
ffi
fi
fi
ff
Brief
Movement
Ukiyo: Iterative Design
2D Ideation
3D Development 3D prototyping was a core tool used throughout the design process to drive the development of the nal product. Scale modelling and user feedback allowed for quick decision making and rapid iterations, developing the most feasible and appealing user experiences. The key areas explored during the 3D development were:
-Folding mechanism -Stability -Aesthetics -Height adjustability -Anthropometrics -User feedback -Materials and manufacture Initial concepts were evaluated against product requirements. As the design matured, iteration direction was based upon functional requirements and user feedback.
fi
Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5
3
4
Ukiyo: User Journey
How is it used?
1
2
3
4 1
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5
5
Ukiyo: Human Factors Methods A wide range of di erent human factors methods were selected and used at relevant stages in the design process. Constant, active user engagement was critical for the development of a product t to the users’ needs. The selected user group were 18-67 year olds working from home in the UK, based upon user access, current working age range and preventative health age group.
Height Adjustability One of the core investigations from the beginning of the project was whether height adjustability is a requirement. It was important to devise whether the product would need to have a range of incremental height settings to t the needs of the 5th to 95th percentile of users. To determine this, anthropometric data research, co-design and user testing were conducted. It was concluded that there would be two heights that would be comfortable in the form of a S/M size and a M/L size with heights of 264mm and 404mm, respectively.
Anders
Surface Dimensions it was important to establish table surface dimensions that were suitable for a range of di erent users and working environments. Through an analysis of existing solutions on the market and the dimensions of the tables and desks users currently work at, di erent platform dimensions could be determined. The table surface sizes for the S/M and M/L platforms are 710 x 649 mm and 900 x 745 mm respectively. These dimensions were tested with users to determine their suitability.
Personas
Interviews & User journey’s to highlight pain points
Home working Posture
Anthropometrics
Workspace Audit
Storage Audit
Storage & Assembly
Weight To determine the maximum permissible force required to lift the product with one hand, anthropometry tables were used to determine the 5th percentile of 65 to 69 year old female right hand gripping force capabilities. The result was 13kg, requiring the weight of the product not to exceed this, enabling ease of transportation and storage for all users. The nal product weights are 4.12 kg for the S/M and 6.3 kg for the M/L.
Early testing of initial prototyping highlighted the problem of timely user assembly. It was therefore very important to reduce the amount of time required for the user to erect and lower the platform during use. A paper pop-up inspired Vfold mechanism ts the requirements of the product with its ease of assembly, disassembly and atpack nature, making it easy to store.
Workstation Footwear Co-design
Dimensional Feedback
User Feedback 1 Height Testing
User Feedback 3
User Feedback 4
User Feedback 2
User Feedback 5
fi
fi
ff
fl
ff
fi
ff
fi
Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5
6
Ukiyo: Pop-up Structure & Stability
Initial pop-up concept
Pop-up Structure
Stability
The product pop-up concept uses a Vfold mechanism, tting the user storage requirements and creating a delightful, satisfying user experience. However, complexity arose when this concept was translated to material with a thickness greater than regular craft card. Further research and co-design experimentation showed that the same spherical motion of the v-folds could be obtained with two indirectly coupled top-surfaces, overcoming the problem of thicker materials. The lack of need for an additional hinge in between these two surfaces simpli es the design as well as potentially simplifying the manufacturing process. W ith this however, comes reduced stability.
An important consideration throughout the whole development process was product stability. This problem was highlighted very early on in the initial prototypes. As the design matured, integrating stability into the pop-up concept was an increasing challenge. Various stability methods were explored, from aluminium sliders on the top surface to leg brackets. The nal solution uses a robust undertable locking mechanism which is easy to use and discretely hidden from users during use. Additionally, the legs of the structure have been extended out to the corners of the top surface and splayed at an angle of 10°, enhancing product stability when in use.
Codesign: Pop-up with indirectly coupled top surfaces
Prototyping leg splay
Testing under-table locking mechanism
fi
fi
fi
Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5
Ukiyo: Sti ness & De ection
Load : 20kg + 1 Point Distributed Load : 5kg
2 Point Load : 30kg
Light, Sti Structures
Load : 30kg + 3 Point Distributed Load : 3kg
Maximum Deflection with a 30kg Point Load
Modified Maximum Deflection with a 30kg Point Load
Material & Geometry Re nement
The product material must be light, whilst retaining strength and sti ness to prevent the surface from de ecting in use. An investigation into light, stiff and strong materials was undergone. Honeycomb has superior bending stiffness qualities to I-beams, however a material thickness of 62mm would be required, exceeding the maximum folded product thickness. Additionally, the honeycomb manufacturing process is detrimental to the environment. As a result, sheet wood materials were investigated, with plywood concluding to be the most suitable compromise between sti ness, weight, price and environmental impact.
FEA was a key tool throughout the project, used to identify weaknesses in the product structure, minimise de ection and to verify material choice. The required plywood thickness is 9mm, ensuring the maximum de ection that the product should see under worst case loading is 2.3mm, within BS ISO 21016:2007 requirements. The geometry was re ned by performing, FEA on the legs of the product, concluding that the minimum leg widths should be 30mm and 40mm for the S/M and M/L sizes respectively, reducing the total product weight by almost 1kg for each size.
Maximum stress in 9mm Plywood with 30kg point load
Maximum Stress in 9mm Plywood with 30mm leg width and 10kg point load
Beam Bending edge of a desk converter
Maximum deflection in 9mm Plywood with 30kg point load
Maximum Stress in 9mm Plywood with 25mm leg width and 10kg point load
Cross section of Honeycomb & I-beams fl
fi
fl
ff
ff
fl
fl
ff
ff
Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5 fi
7
8
Ukiyo: De ning & Detailing
Plywood
Materials & Manufacture
User studies conducted throughout the project have shown that wood is favourable as a material, aesthetically as well as due to environmental reasons. Plywood is a natural material that has been engineered to reduce warping in its thin form, whilst maximising strength. Appleply with AA Grade, plane sliced Birch veneer has been selected due to its strength, light wood Scandinavian aesthetic qualities and premium surface nish. For 5 standard 1220mm x 2440mm plywood sheets, eleven M/L units will be produced. For the S/M size, it is possible to route 7 top pairs on one sheet and legs for 9.5 units on another.
Appropriate materials and manufacturing methods have been resolved, with a routed plywood top surface and legs; Stainless Steel waterjet hinges; a pressure die cast zinc-aluminium alloy top connector and injection moulded polyurethane rubber feet ensuring the product meets product, u s e r, e n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d s a f e t y requirements. Additionally, the plywood surfaces will be painted with clear matt, wood wax oil to protect the surfaces for longevity. Material was minimised from the structure, reducing not only product weight but also material consumption.
Plywood
Table-top Connector
Hinge
Rubber Feet
1
2
4
3
6
5
7
8
1/1 Rev.
Date of issue
Sheet
FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1) (2)
F
Title
F DWG No.
Document type
Document status
Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021 5 7
5
7
32
3
1/1
Date of issue
1
6
Rev.
Sheet
Technical reference
45 8
3
Date of issue
23
5
7
32
14
4
5
8
5
23
3
6
A
A
Title
Title
14
6
A
5
2
7 A
7
A
DWG No.
DWG No. Title
DWG Title No.
Routing Layout for S/M
1/1
Sheet
Rev.
Document status Document type
Document status Document type
Technical reference Dept.
Created by Approved by Dept.
Created by Technical reference
Technical reference
Approved byby Created Dept.
Technical reference
Date of issue
Approved Dept. by Technical reference
Dept.
4
5 Rev.
Sheet
Title
Document status
Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021 Approved Createdbyby
67
1/1
6
78
1/1
Sheet Rev.
Date of issue
5
Title
DWG No.
E
E
B
B 2
E
E
E
B
1
B
3
E
E
E
2
3
4
1
A
4
6
3
5
1
7
4
2
6
B
4
8
5
1
7
2
A
A
3
6
B
5
8
4
1
7
3
B
6
5
2
B
7
8
4
5
6
3
Created by Approved by Dept.
Created by Technical reference
7
A
Technical reference
Document Document status type
Approved byby Created Dept.
E
Technical reference
Roanna Hutcheson 13/ Approved Createdbyby
E
E C
A
D
D
D
C
C
C
A
D
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
C
C
A C
C
A C
B C
C
C
D
D
C
C
C
C
C
C
D
D
B
B D
D
B D
D
B D
B D
B
B
D
D
A
A
Routing Layout for M/L A
A
23 6 5
78
75
1
5
A
34 7
8
A
2
6
1
45 8
3 7
A
2
4 8
56
3
A
67
4
5
84 1
2 E
fi
D
66
.veR
Rev.
75
41
57
32
Date of issue
Sheet
66
418
5 7 32
D F
Document type
Created by
Dept.
D
3
C
C
E
E
E
E
E
Dept.
Created by
D
14
Document type
Title Document status
DWG No.
Title
F FYP Drawings File M/L_Table Top 2
Technical reference
1/1
4 8 23
E
Created by
Document status
DWG No.
D
F FYP Drawings File FM/L_Table Top 2
D
D F
DWG No.
5
3
Rev.
F
Sheet
6
Approved by
Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021 Document status
FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1) (2)
Date of issue
5
4
Technical Approved reference by
Document type Approved by
F Title
Rev.
1/1 23
Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021
DWG No.
D
Created by
1Rev. 4
6Date of issue
2
5 Sheet
1/1
E
4
23
E
eussi fo etaD
67 12 5
E
A
teehS
1/1
3
6
.veR
1 4
184
eltiT Title
56
32
DWG No.
A
7
D
2
23
.oN GWD
3
41
F eussi fo etaD
eltiTTitle
D
45
8
32
Technical reference
Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021
F 2 poT elbaT_L/MF eliF sgniwFarD PYFFYP Drawings 2 poT elbaTop T_L2/M eliF sgniwFarD PYF FYP Drawings File FM/L_Table Top 2 File M/L_Table
F
1
5
teehS
1/1
Dept.
Approved by
Documentreference status Technical
2
41
.veR
.tpeD
Dept.
A
A
78
6
eussi fo etaD
.oN GWD
epyt tnemucoD Document type Document status
34
B
B 8 6 5
1/1
eltiT
2 poT elbaT_L/MF eliF sgniwarD PYF
.tpeD Technical yb detaerC Created byecnerefer lacinhceT Approved reference by
epyt tnemucoDDocument type sutats tnemucoD
1
7 teehS
5 7
D
.tpeDTechnical reference yb detaerCCreated byecneyrb efd ee r vlaocripnphAceTDept.
sutats tnemucoD
C E
E
1202/40/31 nosehctuH annaoRRoanna Hutcheson113/04/2021 202/40/31 nosehctuH annaoR Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021
epyt tnemucoD
.oN GWD
F
ecneyrb efd ee r vlaocripnphAceTDept.
E
E
23
B
6 F
E
C
A
B
5
D
D
C E
12
B
4
eltiT
D
yb detaerC
1202/40/31 nosehctuH annaoR sutats tnemucoD
E
C
A
B
B
3
yb devorppA
.tpeD
B
ecnerefer lacinhceT
E 2
yb detaerC
epyt tnemucoD
E
B
.tpeD
E
C
1
E
C
B
E
E
.veR
A C
C
C
B
E
E
C
B
C
B
C
A
7
8
6
E
A C
D
1
A C
B
6
8
B D
B
C
8
7
B
B
C
B
C
1/1
8 7
B
8
6
C
C
D
D
2 poT elbaT_L/M eliF sgniwFarD PYF eussi fo etaD
B
7
C
D
B
1202/40/31 nosehctuH annaoR
teehS
A
C C
D
A
D
C
D
A C
B
sutats tnemucoD
.oN GWD
8
5
D
C
ecneyrb efd ee r vlaocripnphAceT
eltiT
6
7
7
1
DWG Title No.
Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021
A
E
2 poT elbaT_L/MF eliF sgniwarD PYF
B
8
4
C
yb detaerC
A
B 5
2
A
8 Date of issue
D B
E
6 Rev.
Document status Document type
Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021 Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021
3
1
D
epyt tnemucoD
8
D
B
E
1/1 Sheet
DWG No. Title
Document status Document type
Document type
2
B
1202/40/31 nosehctuH annaoR
7
A
E
7
8
E
Date of issue
F F FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2FYP (1) (2)Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1) (2) FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1) (2)F FYP Drawings File M/L_Le
DWG No.
Document Document status type
Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021
Approved by
3
8
B
B
C
E
8
A
B
D
6
Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021 Roanna Hutcheson 13/04/2021
4
56
B
1
C
1
8
Document type
Created by
2
7
F FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2FYP (1) (2)Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1)F (2) FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1)F (2)F FYP Drawings File M/L_Leg 2 (1) (2)F
F
A
8 41
F
A
6
Dept.
2
A
6
4
F
Sheet Rev.
34 7
8
A
A
F
1/1
Date of issue
5
A
F
1
A
F
41
Rev.
23 6
2
E
78
fi
Dept.
4
6 6
4 1 8
12 5
5
67
B
5 7
23
1
3
6
1 4
184
56
32
7
2
A
23
41
8
3
32
45
5
1
41
2
6
A
34
5
1
7
23
6
12
8
A
1
7
E
Date of issue
Sheet
Rev.
Date of issue
Sheet
1/1 1
6
8
1/1 7
8
8 E
E Approved by
E
E
Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5
Ukiyo: Assembly Part No
Description
Material
Finish
Quantity
1
Table Top
AA Grade, Appleply Birch
Clear Matt Wood Wax Oil
2
2
Table Hinge
Stainless Steel, martensitic, AISI 410, hard temper
-
8
3
Leg 1
AA Grade, Plane Sliced, Appleply Birch
Clear Matt Wood Wax Oil
2
4
Leg Hinge
Stainless Steel, martensitic, AISI 410, hard temper
-
2
5
M3 x 5 x 8.5 mm Countersunk Screw
Stainless Steel
-
56
6
Leg 2
AA Grade, Plane Sliced, Appleply Birch
Clear Matt Wood Wax Oil
2
7
Foot Grip
Natural Rubber
-
4
8
M4 x 7 x 12 mm Rounded Head Screw
Stainless Steel
-
4
9
Connector Outer
Zinc-Aluminium Alloy ZA-27
-
2
10
Connector Spring
POM
-
2
11
Connector Inner
Zinc-Aluminium Alloy ZA-27
-
2
M3 x 5 x 8.5 mm Countersunk Screws Leg Hinge Table Hinge
Table Top
M4 x 7 x 12 mm Rounded Head Screw
Leg 2
Assembly Steps The table-top connector is secured in the centre of the top surface with 4 screws in a jig, ensuring accurate placement.All screws used in assembly are M3 x 5 x 8.5 mm stainless steel Phillips Countersunk screws.
1.
The feet grips are secured into the holes in the wooden legs via a press t.
2.
Connector Spring Connector Inner
4.
The hinges are secured to each leg with 3 screws in a jig, ensuring accurate hinge and screw placement.
5.
The legs are then attached to the top surface via the hinges with 3 screws, also in a jig, ensuring the correct angle of installation is obtained.
6.
Connector Outer
Leg 1 Foot Grip
The product is folded at ready for packaging.
fl
Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5
fi
9
10
Ukiyo: Product Values
Movement
Storage
Sustainability
Users now have a tool to create a more dynamic workspace, enabling them to transition their work set-up throughout the day, between sitting and standing. Therefore, reducing the likelihood of experiencing musculoskeletal issues when working from home.
With its unique, engaging folding mechanism, users are able to easily assemble and disassemble it into a atpack state that can be e ortlessly stored.
The simplistic design of the product with quality material choice and the use of mechanical fasteners over glue, ensures a robust product where users can easily replace the parts and maintain the product throughout its lifetime.
fl
ff
Roanna Hutcheson, PDE, Year 5
