MARIJUANA STRAIN GUIDE page 28
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ARIZONA MEDICAL MARIJUANA MAGAZINE
Creating the Perfect
Inside Two Local Glass Production Factories
Clones page 6
page 16
A Plea for PTSD Patients page 9
JUNE 2011 • COMPLIMENTARY
w w w. t h e g r e e n l e a f a z . c o m
Writer, author, and Oaksterdam professor Ed Rosenthal will be in Phoenix for a limited time to provide cultivators of all skill levels with the crucial information that results in a fantastic product.
- Grow Bigger Yields With Higher THC Content - Find the Most Effective Equipment - Experimental Lighting Techniques
the GREENleaf
TABLE OF CONTENTS
June 2011
F E AT U R E S
6 How To Clone
Kal-El Speaks on Cloning Techniques
12 Pain
Dr. Edgar A. Suter Returns With Crucial Pain Information
16 Fuming In Phoenix A Profile of Chameleon and Home Blown Glass
16
20 In The Beginning...
Part One of A Comprehensive History of Hemp by Snowden Bishop
D E PA R T M E N T S From the Editor
3 4
Patient Testimonials Patients Sound Out About the Benefits of MMJ
MMJ & PTSD A Plea for Patients
6
9
Dispensary Agents as Contractors
10
Grievances About New MMJ Laws in AZ
Legal
15
Making a Case for Caregivers with Rose Law Group
Males and Females 18 Kal-El Explains the Foundation of All Growing
Making Bubble Hash
22 22
Kal-El Shows How to Make the Melt
Strain Guide
28
R.J. Moss Knows How to Keep Plants Healthy
Green Relief Recipes
26
An Exposé On the Male Cannabis Plant by Michelle Graye
From Seeds To Stash
Cool Products
34
38
Our Event Pictures From 420
God’s Gift Highlights This Month’s Guide
We Get No Respect
26
32
36
The Highern Chef is Back With Summer Treats
Crossword
39
Test Your Knowledge With Another Crossword
Grassifieds
43
JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
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DESIGN AND PRODUCTION
Gisela Swift, Patrick Worley DIRECTOR
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Josh Wyrick CONTRIBUTORS
Melissa Antonelli, Snowden Bishop, The Highern Chef, Kal El, Michelle B. Graye, Ryan Hurley, R.J. Moss, Georgia Peschel, Gary Michael Smith, Edgar Suter, Cory Tyszka, Tuesday Wells REQUESTS & GENERAL INQUIRIES
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FROM THE EDITOR
J
une is another milestone in the establishment and reform of Arizona Medical Marijuana laws. It’s been a number of weeks since Arizona patients were able to register for and receive medical marijuana cards. While dispensaries won’t be around for some time, cardholders are able to grow their own marijuana for medical use. It’s important to remember the rules and regulations of growing your own MMJ, or growing it on behalf of someone not capable to do so. This issue, you’ll find articles dedicated to keeping you safe, as well as the plants you’re caring for. You’ll learn cloning techniques for the plants you can’t live without, as well as how to produce bubble hash from the trimmings and leftovers of a harvest. As the temperature skyrockets and staying inside sounds more enticing every day, the Highern Chef’s desserts will be sure to make summer more than just hot—it’ll be delicious too. This month is also significant for The Green Leaf, as I’ve become the new editor permanently replacing Mike Meyer. I have a deep-seated passion for the industry, and the content for the magazine will continue to become more informative, entertaining, and useful in the months to come. Thank you for your continued support, and remember to come back next month for an exciting celebrity interview, as well as the mystery behind OG Kush.
Josh Wyrick Editor
JUNE MMJ EVENTS Wednesday, June 1 WeGrow opens the doors on their Phoenix Location in “The Green Rush” WeGrow Superstore, 2937 W. Thomas Rd.
Wednesday, June 15 Phoenix NORML Meeting 1015 N. First St. Phoenix, AZ 85004
Saturday, June 18 AZ 4 NORML MMJ Patient Meeting 3400 E. Speedway #118 Tucson, AZ 85716
Saturday, July 16 Ed Rosenthal Comes to Town and Starts the Beginner Growing Class in Phoenix (More Details Next Month!)
Sunday, July 17 Ed Rosenthal Begins His Advanced Growing Class in Phoenix (More details Next Month!)
JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
3
MEDICAL
BY TUESDAY WELLS
A Patient Story - Everybody’s Mother When Cassie M. moved from Phoenix to Sedona, she never imagined that helping to raise and teach children from dysfunctional families would be so spiritually uplifting, fulfilling and rewarding.
I
“
want to be a mother to the world!” she exclaims as she beams a bright smile and sweeps her arms. She shows me several of the Teacher’s Awards that she has won and many photos over 30 years of work with Special Needs Children. She is proud, and they are beautiful. But her work as a teaching-foster mom has been curtailed by a diagnosis of A.L.S. (Lou Gherig’s Disease). “This really came at me from left field...I didn’t know what hit me.” A.L.S., or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a disease of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that controls voluntary muscle movements. Not only did it[A.L.S.] force her to give up her job, but her love of teaching and working with children. “The prognosis wasn’t good.” Many patients don’t live past the first 5 years of their diagnosis of A.L.S. She was given 2 years to live. That was 3 years ago. “I cried for a long time. Days went by. Weeks went by. Months went by. Then severe depression overcame me. It was deep like I have never felt before. When I lost my work, I lost what made me. I am everybody’s mother. It’s who I am...” Cassie says the church she attends helped her out a lot. “I owe my church a debt of gratitude.” She is grateful for the passing of Prop 203. “Medical Marijuana saved my life. It helps me with pain control, nausea and depression.” She goes
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THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
on to list more conditions before saying: “Medical Marijuana allowed me to slow down and reflect upon my life. It stopped the racing thoughts of suicide. It allowed me to contemplate all of the blessings I have in life. I have a lot to be thankful for. Without it, there is no doubt...I probably would have committed suicide, the pain and depression was that bad.” Her son, Jerry, a contractor in California was diagnosed with cancer in 2002. He was the one who first spoke of the benefits of Medical Marijuana to his mother. Cassie explains to me that she read an article in the newspaper that cites a study whose conclusion was shocking: Medical Marijuana slows or in some cases stops the reproduction of cancer cells. The National Cancer Institute (N.C.I.), a Federal Agency, recognizes Medical Marijuana as a Complimentary Alternative Medicine, not a dangerous drug with no value. “We’ve come a long way...” she sighs and continues; “...there’s no telling what medical marvels will bring, and I am ready for it...” Cassie M. died on March 16, 2011 from complications of A.L.S. Her son Jerry attests that Medical Marijuana made her ‘transition’ easier and more comfortable. He mentions that donations are being taken by A.L.S. Association in his mother’s memory at: www.alsa.org/donate.
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JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
5
MATERIALS NEEDED: n Medical marijuana plant n Starter plugs n Razor blade or a sharp pair of scissors n A propagation dome or humidity dome
BY KAL EL
WE HAVE RECEIVED A FEW EMAILS ABOUT CLONING. WHAT EXACTLY IS CLONING? INSTEAD OF PLANTING FROM SEED, YOU CAN TAKE A SMALL BRANCH FROM YOUR MEDICAL MARIJUANA PLANT AND MAKE AN EXACT, GENETIC COPY. IT IS SIMPLE TO DO ONCE YOU LEARN HOW. EVERYONE HAS A DIFFERENT TECHNIQUE FOR CLONING. I LIKE TO KEEP EVERYTHING SIMPLE.
6
First I make sure my plant is healthy and bushy.
cutting is now ready for placing into a starter plug.
1: I like to cut branches off from a couple of different areas on the plant. Taking branches from the lower half of the plant works best for me.
5: I cut the starter plug lengthwise so you can see how the plant sits in it.
2: Trim off the leaves and little side chutes so just the top set of leaves remain. Clip the tips of the leaves off also. Doing this helps the plant retain moisture.
6: After I place my cutting into the plug, I put them into the humidity dome. I prefer not to use cloning gels or powders, because many of them are not organic and don’t perform as well as described.
3/4: I take this branch, known as a cutting, and scrape off the outer skin near the bottom. This helps it to root faster. The
7: After placing the cuttings into the domes, spray some plain water on them so they get nice and moist. Place about a ½ inch of
water in the bottom of the tray. Place the dome on and begin 24 hours of continuous light. In ten to fifteen days you should begin to see roots appearing. 8: Once roots appear, crack the dome open so fresh air blows across the plants for 24 hours giving the clones a chance to harden off, or acclimate. After 24 hours, take off the dome lid and you should have a full tray of new clones to plant. 9: In no time you will have a healthy, bushy clone! If you have any questions, email me at: kalel@thegreenleafaz.com Now get growing!
THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
KAL EL
JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
7
MEDICAL Medical Marijuana & Post Traumatic Stress Disorder BY MELISSA ANTONELLI
P
rop 203 outlines many ailments that qualify for medical marijuana, yet it’s missing one in particular that cannabis has proven to be extremely effective for: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a life-altering anxiety disorder that approximately 8% of people in the United States will develop in their lifetime. According to a 2008 Rand Corporation study, PTSD affects nearly 20% of veterans returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan. Countless veterans from WWII, the Vietnam War and Operation Desert Storm still suffer from the condition. Medical marijuana has long been used to treat PTSD, yet Arizona residents can’t do so legally. PTSD is a serious medical condition. It interferes with one’s ability to function with symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, social avoidance, hyperarousal, and feelings of guilt, fear, depression, or worry. A 2010 study conducted at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C. found that nearly all combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) also suffer from sleep problems. And according to experts, PTSD sleep problems are difficult to treat and can lead to drug and alcohol abuse, even suicide. Current treatment methods for PTSD involve a cocktail of prescription medications including anxiolytics, sleep medications, sedative-hypnotics and antipsychotics. Vets diagnosed with PTSD regularly take Benzodiazepines such as: Valium, Xanax, and lorazepam, in addition to anti-depressants or anti-anxiety medication called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Zoloft and Prozac. Finally, the sleep medications like Trazodone or Quinine. These medicines are often addictive and harmful to the patients. It’s time for a new and more effective medication. According to Jonathan Shay, M.D., Ph.D., Staff Psychiatrist at the Boston VA Outpatient Clinic, characteristics of good drugs for combat PTSD are as follows: • Makes something better for the veteran • Does not lead to tolerance • Does not lead to abuse • Cannot be used to commit suicide • Does not require blood tests • Does not cut a person off from the world or from himself • Causes few, bearable side-effects Guess what? Medical marijuana meets all of those criteria. Veterans in all medical marijuana states (and in non-medical marijuana states where, unfortunately, they must rely on the black market) report that cannabis is the number one effective drug for PTSD. A 2009 study published
in the Journal of Neuroscience suggests the use of cannabinoids may help in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder patients. Not only is it an effective relaxant, but it also prevents increased release of the hormone that the body produces in response to stress. Unfortunately, of all of the 15 medical marijuana states, New Mexico is the only state that explicitly names PTSD as a qualifying condition, though it does also qualify in California due to its very liberal medical marijuana law. Veterans and other survivors of trauma are sometimes able to qualify for medical cannabis because of other conditions they have, such as chronic pain from a battle wound. But true compassion for those who have fought for our freedom would mean that veterans everywhere have access to marijuana for the safe and effective treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. It is essential that PTSD is made a legitimate condition for a better alternative, as the world is quickly finding out. A proactive movement is ongoing, headed by the Arizona Association of Dispensaries, to get PTSD on the list of qualifying conditions. Interested persons can inquire at azaod.com, and all phone inquiries may be directed to Alexander Wick at (602)538-4438.
JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
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Can Dispensary Agents Be Independent Contractors? A FLAW IN ARIZONA’S MEDICAL MARIJUANA ACT Note: This article is for general information purposes and should not be construed as legal advice. This article is not the basis for an attorney-client relationship between the author and the reader. If you require legal help, please contact an attorney.
Arizona’s Medical Marijuana Act has a flaw that has the potential to make dispensary operation significantly more expensive than presently assumed. Specifically, the Act omits “independent contractor” from the definition of who may be a dispensary agent. Per A.R.S. § 36-2801, “dispensary” is defined as a “not-forprofit entity that acquires, possesses, cultivates, manufactures, delivers, transfers, transports, supplies, sells or dispenses marijuana or related supplies and educational materials to cardholders.” Since a dispensary is essentially an entity, it can only perform physical acts through licensed dispensary agents, which are statutorily defined as “a principal officer, board member, employee or volunteer of a nonprofit medical marijuana dispensary who is at least twenty-one years of age and has not been convicted of an excluded felony offense.” Note
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THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
that “independent contractor” is NOT in the definition! To control costs and to foster efficiencies, some dispensaries may want to contract functions like cleaning, cultivation, waste disposal, and food-stuffs infusion. If the service provider cannot be an independent contractor, then they must be a volunteer, officer, or employee of the dispensary, which means added expense to the dispensary such as payroll, worker’s compensation, employment and labor laws, and vicarious liability. Obviously, independent contractors are an attractive alternative, especially if the By: Gary Michael Smith, Esq. work they provide is intermittent, infrequent, or highly specialized. But, if by definition an independent contractor cannot be a dispensary agent, then an independent contractor cannot acquire a dispensary agent license; and if it cannot acquire a dispensary agent license, then it cannot perform any of the functions of a dispensary. Perceiving this problem, at regulation R9-17-311, ADHS expanded the statutory definition of dispensary agent to
Arizona’s Medical Marijuana Act has a flaw that has the potential to make dispensary operation significantly more expensive than presently assumed. include independent contractors. However, ADHS’ powers are strictly limited by the terms of the statute that created it, and ADHS is not authorized to amend the statute by regulation.1 As such, ADHS’ attempt to expand the statutory definition of dispensary agent through regulation may have been an exercise beyond its authority. As there are no legislative committee minutes to reference, we cannot say that the public initiative clearly meant to include this term in the definition. Moreover, there is the statutory construction doctrine of exclusio unius est exclusio alterius, which the Arizona Supreme Court describes as “the expression of one or more items of a class and the exclusion of other items of the same class implies the legislative intent to exclude those items not so included.”2 Put more simply, if there is an omission in a statute, it is presumed deliberate. Equally fundamental is the presumption that what the Legislature means, it will say.3 For this reason, the courts have often stated that the “best and most reliable index of a statute’s meaning is its language”.4 And where the language is plain and unambiguous, courts generally must follow the text as written.5 The foregoing in mind, one would be hard-pressed
to argue that A.R.S. § 36-2801 is ambiguous. So, what does this all mean? Either the statute needs immediate amendment, or there will be unavoidable and costly litigation regarding whether independent contractors can acquire dispensary agent licenses. However, given that the Voter Protection Act requires three-fourths vote in the legislature before the legislature could amend the statute, amendment appears near-impossible. So, think twice before relying on the more-permissive ADHS regulations, as you might just be violating the statutes by doing so. Additional questions can be addressed to: gary.smith@smithcraven.com Schwartz v. Superior Ct., 186 Ariz. 617, 619, 925 P.2d 1068, 1070 (App.1996); A.R.S. § 36-104. 2 Southwestern Iron and Steel Industries, Inc. v. State of Arizona, 123 Ariz. 78, 79, 597 P.2d 981, 982 (1979). 3 Padilla v. Industrial Comm’n, 113 Ariz. 104, 106, 546 P.2d 1135, 1137 (1976). 4 Janson v. Christensen, 167 Ariz. 470, 471, 808 P.2d 1222, 1223 (1991). 5 Mid Kansas Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n v. Dynamic Dev. Corp., 167 Ariz. 122, 128, 804 P.2d 1310, 1316 (1991). 1
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JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
11
BY EDGAR A. SUTER, MD
What is it?
Pain is classified by the regions of the body where it is felt: somatic (body), visceral (organs), or neuropathic (nerves and pain receptors). Somatic pain is easy to identify; without looking, you know where you hurt when you are injured. Visceral pain is not so well localized; visceral pain, coming from your internal organs, is often “referred” elsewhere. This is why gallbladder attacks often hurt in the shoulder blade, nowhere near the gall bladder, and why some heart attacks cause belly aches or jaw pains. Neuropathic pain is caused by damage to pain receptors, nerves, and the brain itself. Some of the body’s peripheral pain fibers are electrically insulated (“myelinated”) and so conduct their pain information more quickly than the non-myelinated fibers. To generalize, the insulated “A-delta” fibers quickly carry pain that is perceived as sharp, and the non-insulated “C-fibers” sluggishly carry pain that is perceived as dull or burning.
“pain |pán| noun: physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury...” I’m sure none of us need a definition of pain— the most common reason that patients seek medical care, and the most common reason that patients are prescribed narcotics or are recommended medical marijuana. Pain receptors (“nociceptors”) in the skin and organs send their information about damage and disorders of the body through nerve fibers up the spinal cord tracts to the brain. The brain processes the information so that we perceive, understand, and “appreciate” the pain. Only recently have molecular imaging and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allowed researchers to “see” pain. Medicines can affect our perception of pain by acting peripherally at the pain receptors and peripheral nerves or centrally in the brain.
What have we done to relieve it?
What do physicians and healers do about pain? Mostly we use a panoply of pain medicines, called analgesics: acetaminophen (Tylenol™), Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen), natural and synthetic opiates (codeine, hydrocodone, morphine),
and anti-epilepsy drugs (gabapentin). Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulators, Spinal Cord Stimulation implants, acupuncture, chiropractic adjustments, massage, and plenty more. Even virtual reality is being used to treat certain types of pain.1 As a precursor to next months article, we will focus mainly on analgesics. Opiates act at specific receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and the intestinal tract (which is the main reason for constipation). There are four major sub-types: OP1, OP2, OP3, and OP4. These receptors are much more limited in distribution compared to the ubiquitous endocannabinoid receptors. All opiate pain medicines have serious and sometimes deadly limitations: side effects, tolerance, and addiction. Even a “regular” side effect like nausea can be so heavy that patients cannot tolerate the dose necessary to relieve their pain. Patients with chronic pain eventually develop a tolerance to their pain medicines. The dose that once alleviated their pain no longer works, and higher doses are needed to stop the pain. The high doses are the reason patients can develop drug dependency, addiction, overdose, and death. Opiates in the brain stem slow and stop the signals that make us breathe, contributing to nearly 30,000 deaths from narcotic overdoses annually, most of them from prescription pain medications” (as opposed to “most of them from prescription overdoses. NSAIDs reduce pain by reducing the body’s production of the inflammatory chemicals thomboxane, and others. While NSAIDs have benefit in reducing colorectal cancer, most carry the dreaded FDA “Black Box Warnings” about the increased risk of heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. Though some NSAIDs are readily available without a prescription, they are not innocuous drugs. These are a frequent cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and kidney damage, and can have frightening side-effects when taken with certain antibiotics called “quinolones” (the Cipro™ types). What about something lightweight, like the medicine cabinet stalwart Tylenol™? Consider the side effects of the active ingredient acetaminophen: hepatotoxicity (poisons the liver), cholestasis (normal flow of bile stopped), renal tubular necrosis (kills kidney structures), analgesic nephropathy (damages kidney structures), anemia (lowers red blood count), and hemolysis (dissolves blood cells) among many others should put things into perspective. Are you feeling better yet? Next month you will feel much better. Newly medicinalized in Arizona is the ancient pain panacea—marijuana. 1. http://www.hpl.washington.edu/research/magnet/
Any questions or suggestions should be e-mailed to: staff@doctorsuter.com NEXT MONTH: MARIJUANA, THE PAIN RELIEVER
JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
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Q & A LEGAL EXPERT
BY RYAN HURLEY (ROSE LAW GROUP)
Unreasonable Expectations
Q:
Recently Tucson, Mirana, and several other towns and cities have established their own set of restrictions on the cultivation of medical marijuana of patients and caregivers. Most recently I’ve seen headlines stating that the town of Gilbert is trying to restrict patient and caregiver cultivation by using the same guidelines that proposition 203 used to restrict dispensaries. Even suggesting that patients and caregivers be required to lease a light industrial or commercial property seems “unreasonable”. My question is this: with no verbiage in the proposition that allows for cities and towns to create and enforce these restrictions, how are
they getting away with this? What steps need to be taken to protect patient and caregiver cultivation rights? Is this not exactly why we have proposition 105? Please offer the patients and caregivers some insight as to what legal authority these towns and cities have to do this and what legal authority we have to stop them. Concerned Caregiver
A:
Thanks for the question dear reader! It brings us back to the ever important issue of governmental authority and the practical difficulties of preventing overreaching regulations. Faithful readers of this column will remember one of my mantras: there is a huge difference between the letter and theory of the law and the practical
realities of its application. This question highlights that difference perfectly. First the theoretical: Proposition 203 gives cities and counties express authority to pass reasonable zoning restrictions regulating the cultivation of MMJ. Thus cities certainly can use that authority to restrict where cultivation facilities are located within their jurisdictions. The issue gets a little hazier when we are talking about regulation of caregiver and particularly patient cultivation. The answer lies in an interpretation of both what is reasonable and what is within the proper extent of governmental zoning authority. Regarding the latter, case law has given a broad interpretation as to what constitutes zoning authority: any-
continued on page 40
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Submit questions to the expert at thegreenleafaz.com/experts
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JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
15
It takes very little air pressure to inflate the glass bubble
Founded in Trinidad, California by a wandering collective of glass blowerscum-business people, Chameleon glass can usually be identified by a flame sticker, emblazoned with the company logo at the white-hot center—these pieces can be found at Blaze Smoke Shops in Tempe and Phoenix. The Slider System can be found at slidershop.com, with additional instructional videos. Chase Sawicki
Mike Tomlinson
Glass instruments litter every “smoke” shop in all variations. They exist with big bubbles, twisted tubes and eye-catching colors; endless attachments to enhance the experience in any way possible. Fred Schorsch, the owner of local producer Home Blown Glass, provides a unique product he calls the “slider system”: a new twist on a familiar product sometimes called the paperless cigarette, EZ Slide, glass blunt, and most simply the “Slider”. Schorsch’s take on this item brings exciting new features with the addition of a back-loading system that allows users to expel the chaff out of the back of the tube. Other than leaving the inhalation area much cleaner, this enables the user to experience a wider array of tastes through the improvements Home Blown Glass has designed. HBG also takes time to demonstrate the “layer-caking”
preaches of a real danger—inhalation of glass dust from imported pieces. Before entering the production area, Kulow quickly explained that importing glass pipes is illegal; there is of course a convenient loophole: don’t create a hole at the bottom of the bowl, making the pipe impossible to be used for the intended purpose. The people who import these pieces then drill a hole themselves, creating a flurry of asbestos-like dust that is extremely difficult to polish off the inside of the pipe. Despite this, imported pipes are selling faster than ever due to the low pricing possible only on machine-blown, massproduced glass. The greatest obstacle Chameleon faces today is the endangered status of American-based glassware producers. As Chameleon and Kulow are aware of, the demand for a more expensive piece of glassware will appeal only to those who
CHAMELEON GLASS PHOTOS BY KUI MI OH; BACKGROUND PHOTO BY DREAMSTIME.COM
BY JOSH WYRICK ability of the Slider System, where things such as oils and other types of herbs can be stacked upon each other for a truly special experience. Chameleon is another local purveyor of glassware, and they invited this reporter inside the nondescript, local headquarters to see firsthand the environment in which so many of these pieces are given life. I was greeted at the door by partners Jeff Schrabach and Ken Kulow, of Chameleon glass. Ken learned his trade by making light bulbs for General Electric, something that he says was enjoyable for a time, and eventually gave him the skills necessary to bring Chameleon to a new level along with Schrabach, who bolsters the relationship with a wide range of business and glass-working skills. Schrabach and Kulow also run local fixture Blaze Smoke Shops in Phoenix and Tempe, where they pride themselves on the quality of products carried in the store. Chameleon glass can always be seen here, as well as other hard-to-find luxury brands like Toro and Roor. Discerning customers will be glad to know there is a price-matching policy here for someone who finds the same piece cheaper elsewhere. Kulow and his associates are very vocal about their intentions as a brand, and staunchly against the importing of any kind of glass smoking device. While consumers purchasing Chameleon products is obviously beneficial to Kulow, he
plan on using it more than once. These repeat customers are the driving force behind the success of Chameleon and Blaze, and Kulow explains that “the employees are what’s really important.” And he’s right. The cast of characters working in the hot lab present an exciting look into the production. Working with the hotter-than-lava glass is not an easy—or safe—thing to do, so it takes the type of personality with a hardiness like few others. This makes for a varied and unique workplace, where the employees work in eight-hour shifts under great big gleaming hoods to provide ventilation for safety reasons. After the exciting spectacle of the workshop, we are taken to a prototype case where designs go before they are tested for larger production roles. There are oddities here with every spiky, winged, and bulbous piece the mind can imagine. Kulow shows me out, but not before I’m introduced to a few more employees, each one expressing a true depth of passion for their work. This is why Chameleon enjoys such a dedicated fan base that will gladly show you the resiliency of their favorite item. This is accomplished by promptly throwing it against the floor, and chuckling at the shocked look on friends’ faces when the ground isn’t littered with shattered glass—just one tough pipe. JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
17
By Kal El
How to tell if your Medical Marijuana Plant is any new growers have problems telling the differences between male and female medical marijuana plants. The male plants produce pollen which pollinates the flowers of the female plant. Once pollinized, the female will produce seeds. If the female plant isn’t pollinized, the flower/buds continue to develop and produce THC. Female plants that are not pollinized are referred to as sensimilla (without seeds). Usually 40-50% of all plants are male. The spotting of males is one of the most difficult things to do, even as a seasoned grower. The best may have to wait until the tell-tale signs appear. These signs for males are
growing what looks like a crab claw, followed by a small bunch of grapes. It will have no white hairs coming out of it. Females will have no grapes and will have two small white hairs poking out of the calyx. Males are usually culled, except those used for breeding after their sex has been determined, but before the pollen is shed. Remove males as soon as you know they are males. If you can get rid of them as soon as possible, it is less likely they will spread pollen to your females and ruin your crop by making seeds. Any further questions, email them to me at: kalel@thegreenleafaz.com. Now get growing!
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THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
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JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
19
HEMP HISTORY
PART 1
“Hemp is of first necessity to the wealth & protection of the country.”
—Thomas Jefferson
IN THE BEGINNING, THERE WAS
BY SNOWDEN BISHOP, AZGreen Magazine
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THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
Humans began using hemp more than 12,000 years ago. Evidence of the first human industry exists in a piece of hemp fiber dating back to 4,000 B.C. Since then hemp, a versatile, non-psychotropic strain of the infamous cannabis plant, has been one of history’s most widely used plants with diverse applications ranging from food and medicine to textiles, rope, paper, and in the last century, biofuel building materials and composites. Hemp is as much part of the fabric of our country as the American flag, which Betsy Ross first sewed from pieces of hemp cloth. Benjamin Franklin’s famed kite was flown with a piece of hemp string. The Declaration of Independence was first drafted on hemp paper, as was the U.S. Constitution. Presidents George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson farmed hemp as a cash crop. Hemp canvas covered wagons as American settlers crossed the continental divide and Levis made of hemp outfitted miners during the Great American Gold Rush. Henry Ford, a hemp farmer, designed his first Model-T using hemp composites and ran its engine using hemp-oil fuel. Moms made apple pies with hemp filling and doctors cured headaches and other ailments with a myriad of hemp compounds and tinctures. Hemp grows rapidly in adverse climate conditions without any pesticides, herbicides or chemical fertilizers. It can be used to manufacture nearly anything conventionally made of petrochemicals, synthetic fibers, plastic and wood. Composites made of hemp are stronger, more durable and environmentally safer than any synthetic or wood composites on the market. It is a carbon consuming plant with remedial root systems that can transform toxic brown fields into fertile soil. It has premium value as a food source rich in essential nutrients, fatty acids, protein, fiber and healing properties. According to a number of environmental and scientific sources, hemp has the potential to revitalize our economy, reduce our dependence on foreign oil, alleviate world food shortages, slow deforestation and minimize greenhouse gas emissions. An article published in a 1938 issue of Popular Mechanics predicted that hemp would become the world’s first billion-dollar crop. As predicted, it has, and continues to sustainably provide profitable returns for farmers throughout the world – except here in the United States, where farming hemp is illegal. Ironically, the United States is the world’s largest importer of hemp products despite the prohibition. Deemed safe for public use by the FDA, USDA and FTC, imported hemp foods, textiles and industrial hemp products are readily available to consumers throughout the U.S. Yet, farmers have been forbidden to grow the profitable crop in the U.S. since 1937, when it was banned by congress – a ruling that has perplexed historians, environmentalists, scientists, doctors, farmers, politicians and economists ever since. Most people erroneously confuse hemp with marijuana. It is erroneous because, while hemp and marijuana are of the same species, cannabis sativa L., they are distinctively sepa-
rate plant varieties differentiated by vastly dissimilar properties and uses. The most important distinction between the two lies in their levels of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive ingredient that produces the “high” for which marijuana is famous. Because hemp contains only trace levels of THC, it would not produce even a remotely desirable effect for the recreational drug user, and in fact would induce nothing more than a bad headache. “The chemist has aided in conserving natural resources by developing synthetic products to supplement or wholly replace natural products.” –Lammont Du Pont 1939 CONFUSION, CONSPIRACY OR COINCIDENCE? Origins of the widespread confusion can be traced back to a well executed, but factually misleading propaganda campaign designed to demonize cannabis in preparation for a pending legislative measure banning the crop. Propagated by Hearst publications and backed by Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon (former DuPont CEO and Standard Oil tycoon), the campaign coined “Reefer Madness” omitted any distinction between hemp and marijuana. Laden with racial undertones, the campaign characterized immigrant farm workers and African Americans toking on marijuana cigarettes with boldly-written captions stating that the “killer weed from Mexico” was responsible for “wild and crazy behavior” that lead to “widespread violence” and “murderous rampages” in southern farm towns. To anyone familiar with the psychoactive mellowing effects of marijuana, and to any farmer knowledgeable about the distinction between the two varieties of cannabis, the propaganda campaign might have appeared ridiculous. However, the campaign launched on the heels of alcohol Prohibition and The Great Depression; just in time for wartime economic recovery, this distracted the public long enough to allow discrete lawmakers to avoid any would-be public protest of the ban. Passage of The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, which banned use of all species of cannabis and subjected industrial hemp farmers to expensive taxes, went virtually unnoticed except by farmers who until then enjoyed profitable returns from such a resilient crop, and doctors who regularly prescribed marijuana-based medications. According to an editorial published in a 1937 edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association(AMA), the AMA was against the bill. AMA representative Dr. William C. Woodward testified before Congress that the AMA had continued on page 40
»
JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
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Creating Bubble hash is created when you use the frosty
Bubble Hash by Kal El
trimmings from your buds and mix it with ice, water and some screened bags.
What follows is a step-by-
step guide from an expert.
only the frost covered stuff from my trimmings—not the big fans and other leaves—and freeze it. This keeps the trimmings from drying out, and prevents plant material from getting into your hash. You put your bag (I use Bubble Bags here but there are others out there) over your can, then proceed to add the ingredients. I do this process in stages, adding equal amounts of trim and ice until I have the bucket filled. When the bucket is full, add the cold water.
2. Now comes the stirring and agitation process.
3. After I stir for 5 minutes, the
mixture should be a bit foamy. I love knocking all that frost off the leafy bits and into the ice water. These trichomes gather at the bottom of the bag for later extraction.
4. After letting the mixture sit for
thirty minutes, I lift out the first bag and let the water flow through the screen into the next bag. Don’t throw away your excess trimmings! They can be used later for oil extraction. After you strain each bag, the quality and purity of the bubble hash will increase the finer the screens get. I usually start with a one
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THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
gallon drum, but sometimes use a five gallon drum for larger amounts. Using an electric drill with a paint mixing attachment is helpful for stirring the larger amounts.
5. Put each bag into the freezer for
fifteen minutes before peeling your bubble hash from the screens at the bottom of the bags. After you gather all your bubble hash and let it dry out, you will have great-tasting, full-melt goodness. You can load your favorite tool with this alone, or slide a layer over the top of some regular buds. Questions can be directed toward me at: kalel@thegreenleafaz.com.
KAL EL
1. What I like to do first is take
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THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
By Michelle B. Graye
Male Cannabis:
The Rodney Dangerfield of the Plant World With the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) opening the doors on April 14, 2011 to patients applying for their state ID card, Arizona’s Medical Marijuana Program will soon be kicking off into high gear with patients or their designated caregiver chomping at the bit to start the first harvest. With no dispensaries as of yet, home cultivation is the only option for patients, making proper education about the process more necessary than ever. The opportunity to grow cannabis in a legal manner is a wonderful gift that should be used wisely. Marijuana is “dioecious,” which is a fancy word for a plant with both male and female flowers. We are all familiar with the female plant; she is the object of desire and open to the centerfold of any magazine
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THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
devoted to cannabis culture. These “girls” dazzle onlookers, displaying their bounty in all it’s stunning glory. Marijuana has been growing on the planet for tens of thousands of years and until 1977, the majority of cannabis was grown outdoors, under natural conditions. Until the late seventies, pot has been grown remarkably similar to how our founding fathers grew their hemp plants (which is the same plant as marijuana). If you wanted to grow in the past you started with seeds, generally from the Sativa plant, and you only grew outdoors. Marijuana grown in Mexico was considered “schwag” (bud of a lower THC percentage) containing 3-5% THC on average. Other strains like the now-legendary Acapulco Gold averaged about 8%. The average price of marijuana in the 1970s was $30 an ounce and your baggie would contain buds, shake (leaves and stems) and even seeds. When THC was identified in 1964, the ability to test the potency of marijuana with gas chromatography was easily accomplished in laboratories. In 1978 Michael Starks, a researcher out of the University of Berkeley, published Mari-
juana Chemistry: Genetics Processing and Potency. This book remains the gold standard for potency testing information even today. The findings are quite interesting and remain applicable to this day: The average person will get high on marijuana containing 1.1 THC% (This is not a typo!). Potency of the plant does not necessarily increase continually as it gets older, but will often undergo constant variation. Males often equal or exceed females in cannabinoid content, especially in the high potency strains. In the late 1970s the “Indica” genetics (Afghan, Skunk and Kush) were introduced to the general public and marijuana cultivation changed forever. Breeders discovered they could cross Sativa and Indica to create new and exotic hybrid strains. Coupled with new technology (HID lighting and hydroponic growing equipment), growers soon discovered that with indoor growing it was possible
to separate males from females. This technique resulted in “sensimilla”, a Spanish word that means “without seeds”. The ability to have female-only genetic replicas (clones) of prized plants fueled the demand for marijuana grown indoors. Male plants became viewed as a nuisance because they would pollinate the females and lower the yield of sensimilla by creating “seedy” pot. Debate is constant on growing techniques, conditions and locations. Personally, I strongly urge you to consider growing outdoors, starting from seeds. Having males in your garden will only enhance your breeding program as males have all the same desired cannabinoids, including Cannabiodiol, which promotes healing and is present in the leaves of the plant. The disadvantage of male plants lies in the leaves, as they are not easily smoked. However, these same leaves can be used for making a very potent cannabutter. The general assumption that male plants are only good for breeding programs and need to be culled is fostering a wasteful disrespect of the plant. End this sexist cannabis myth by spreading this information around.
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JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
27
STRAIN GUIDE MEDICINAL QUALITIES Anxiety Chronic Pain MS Parkinson’s Disease
GOD’S GIFT
28
Lineage: O.G. Kush x Grandaddy Purple
THC Content Level: 17% - 20%
Sativa/indica: Indica
Height: 4 Ft.
Effect: Strong euphoria, sustained buzz
Climate: Indoor/Outdoor
Scent: Sweet and Earthy
Flowering: 56-63 days
Taste: Heavy Kush, Woody
Yield: Moderate
THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
STRAIN GUIDE MEDICINAL QUALITIES Pain relief Insomnia
GRAPEFRUIT KUSH Lineage: BC Kush x Grapefruit
THC Content Level: 14%-16%
Sativa/indica: Sativa dominant
Height: 3 ft.
Effect: Happiness, cerebral high
Climate: Indoors
Scent: Strong skunky grapefruit odor
Flowering: 50-55 days
Taste: Strong citrus
Yield: Moderate to High
MEDICINAL QUALITIES Depression Migraine Pains
GREEN CRACK Lineage: Unknown
THC Content Level: 16%-18%
Sativa/indica: Sativa
Height: 5-6 ft.
Effect: Strong appetite increase, increased metabolic rate
Climate: Indoor
Scent: Highly Fruity
Flowering: 49-52 days Yield: Moderate to High
Taste: Bold, Nutty
JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
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JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
31
FROM SEEDS TO STASH: Growing Medical Marijuana,
Arizona-Style A N 8 - PA RT S E R I E S B Y R . J . M O S S
PART 4: Rapid Growth, Boys
or Girls, Big Pots and Cannabis Health Maintenance To review Part 1-3 of this series, visit our website at: thegreenleafaz.com
The structure on the left with the thin white feather indicates it’s a female. On the right, a pod or crab-claw shape on a stem predicts that it’s male.
Rapid Growth:
Boys or Girls?
Once your plants are 6 to 8 weeks old, you can identify with about 85% accuracy which are going to be boys and which will be girls. Boys are bad news; they will impregnate the females and lessen their quality and yield. Cannabis farmers are only interested in the girls and the magical buds they produce. To check for sex, count the sets of branches (2 to a set) from the bottom of the plant and check out the areas where the branches connect to the stem, 4 or 5 sets from the base of the plant. There, you should note tiny sexual structures (see illustration), identifying either a male or female plant.
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THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
Plant Health
A good cultivator performs medical check-ups on their gardens frequently.
Symptoms
Health Problems
Droopy leaves Needs more water Top leaves still droop after watering
Water saturation at bottom of pot
Leaves curl, turn Over-fertilization color and die
The Best Approach, a Healthy Environment
Treatments Increase watering schedule Add drain holes or re-pot Flush pots with fresh water
To maintain a healthy environment: • Keep your garden area clean and dry; pick up the leaves when they fall.
ILLUSTRATION BY R.J. MOSS
With the right conditions, your cannabis plants should really take off and start growing like, well, weeds! When your exotic weeds reach about 12 inches tall, check for root swirls by popping the pot plant out of the pot. If lots of roots are present, it’s time to re-pot for the last time. This time, get 10 gallon planting containers or buckets. Add lots of extra holes in the bottom and sides with an electric drill. Fertilize your plants with a mix for vegetative growth just once this month before you transplant it to the final pot. Always moisten the soil before adding your fertilizer. Don’t forget to raise your lights as your plants grow taller.
• Ensure your plants have plenty of light to conduct high energy photosynthesis. • Inspect the soil moisture with a moister meter. Use “moisture control” soil to prevent under or over-watering. • Check soil pH levels with a meter or a kit. Marijuana grows best with a soil pH of 6.5 – 7.0 in soil and 5.8 – 6.8 with hydroponics. Talk to the folks at the nursery or hydroponics shop if you discover your plants outside these ranges. • Provide good air circulation both across your garden with an oscillating fan, and vent the room the garden is in to prevent the air from becoming stale or humid. • Keep your garden temperatures under 85 degrees. Tune in next month, when we’ll cover how to trim and train your plants for maximum yield, highest health, and how to recognize plant diseases and garden pests. store listed prices excludes tobacco & potpourri
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JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
33
COOL
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BED OF NAILS
This black Bed of Nails is a Swedish acupressure mat, half the size of a yoga mat. It helps the body rid itself of toxins by stimulating energy and therefore triggers the body’s innate way of healing itself. It also releases oxytocin and endorphins to relieve pain and induce a state of well being. Medicate and lay on 6000 acupressure points making the Bed of Nails a very effective tool for easing tension and inducing a state of deep relaxation. Find this cool product at
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HEMP
The Hemp line by The Body Shop will leave your whole body saying “Ahhhh”! The line includes: Hemp Body Butter, Foot Protector, Hand Protector, Lip Protector, Moisture High Balm and Moisturizing Body Wash. Made from Hemp seed oil which has a high concentration of fatty acids to repair skin’s moisture barrier. Moisturize your body at The Body Shop!
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THE INCREDIBOWL
“The pursuit of perfection is nothing new to cannabis breeders and growers and the “Incredibowl” is doing it’s part! The Incredibowl is a precisely engineered product designed with cannabis in mind. It filter’s the cannabis to deliver a clean herbal flavor while utilizing all the cannabinoids in your medicine. The patented carb clears the tube in a quick, compressed whoosh— making for smooth hit! Find out more about this five-time Cannabis Cup Winner at www.theincredibowl.com.
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THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
35
RECIPES
Highern Chef EDIBLES
I
t is time to talk a little bit about the dosage you should be taking when using edibles to medicate what ails you. It is best to ingest about half of the edible you have, waiting a solid 45 minutes and ingesting the rest if necessary. We hope you enjoy this month’s recipes and please feel free to let us know how our recipes are helping you. As always, forward us your recipe ideas — we would love to read them. Peace and Good Eating
Caramel Corn Ingredients: 7 quarts plain popped popcorn 2 cups brown sugar 1/2 cup light corn syrup 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup MMJ butter 1/2 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon vanilla Place the popped popcorn into two shallow greased baking pans. You may use roasting pans, or disposable roasting pans. Add the peanuts to the popped corn. Set aside. Preheat the oven to 250 degrees Fahrenheit. Combine the brown sugar, corn syrup, MMJ butter and salt in a saucepan. Bring to a boil over medium heat, stirring enough to blend. Once the mixture begins to boil, stir it constantly for the next five minutes. Remove from the heat, and stir in the baking soda and vanilla. The mixture will be light and foamy. Immediately pour over the popcorn in the pans, and stir to coat. Don’t worry too much at this point about getting all of the corn coated. Bake for about an hour, removing the pans, and giving them each a good stir every 15 minutes. Line the counter top with wax paper. Dump the corn out onto the wax paper and separate the pieces. Allow to cool completely, then store in airtight containers.
Tasty Oatmeal Raisin Cookies Ingredients: 3/4 cup MMJ butter, softened 3/4 cup white sugar 3/4 cup packed light brown sugar 2 eggs 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 1 1/4 cups all-purpose flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 3/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon 1/2 teaspoon salt 2 3/4 cups rolled oats 1 cup raisins Preheat oven to 375 degrees In large bowl cream together MMJ butter, white sugar, and brown sugar until smooth. Beat in the eggs and vanilla until fluffy. Stir together flour, baking soda, cinnamon, and salt. Gradually beat into butter mixture. Stir in oats and raisins. Drop by teaspoonfuls onto cookie sheets (no grease needed). Bake 8 to 10 minutes in the preheated oven, or until golden brown. Cool slightly, remove from sheet to wire rack. Cool and enjoy.
For MMJ butter, oil and milk recipes, please visit thegreenleafaz.com/recipes
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THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
Highern Chef
Summer Panzanella Salad Ingredients: 6 cups of day-old Italian bread cut into 1� pieces 1/3 cup extra virgin olive oil Kosher salt and fresh ground pepper to taste 3 cloves garlic, finely chopped 1/4 cup MMJ olive oil 2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar 4 medium vine ripe tomatoes, cut into wedges 3/4 cup thinly sliced red onion 10 basil leaves, torn into pieces 1/2 cup pitted kalamata olives 1 cup fresh mozzarella, sliced into bite-size pieces Preheat oven to 400 degrees. In a large bowl, toss bread with 1/3 cup olive oil, salt, pepper, and garlic. Lay bread on a baking sheet and toast in the preheated oven until golden brown and delicious: about 5 to 8 minutes. Be careful not to burn, and to allow adequate time to cool. While the bread is in the oven, whisk together 1/4 cup of MMJ olive oil and balsamic vinegar. Gently toss together the bread, tomatoes, onion, basil, olives, and mozzarella cheese. Toss with the vinaigrette and enjoy.
Medicated Whoopie Pies Ingredients For Pies 2 cups all-purpose flour 1/2 cup dutch/processed cocoa powder 1 1/4 teaspoons baking soda 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup buttermilk 1 teaspoon vanilla 1 stick (1/2 cup) unsalted MMJ butter, softened 1 cup packed brown sugar 1 large egg For Marshmallow filling 1 stick (1/2 cup) unsalted MMJ butter, softened 1 1/4 cups powdered sugar 2 cups marshmallow cream such as Marshmallow Fluff 1 teaspoon vanilla extract Cakes: Preheat oven to 350°F. Whisk together flour, cocoa, baking soda, and salt in a bowl. Stir together buttermilk and vanilla in a separate, smaller bowl. Beat together MMJ butter and brown sugar in a large bowl with an electric mixer at medium speed until light brown and fluffy, about 3 minutes in a stand mixer or 5 minutes with a hand-held mixer, then add egg, continuing to beat until it is well combined. Reduce your speed to the low setting and alternately mix in flour mixture and buttermilk in batches, beginning and ending with flour, and mixing until your batter is smooth. Spoon 1/4-cup mounds of batter about 2 inches apart onto 2 buttered, large baking sheets. Bake in upper and lower thirds of oven, switching position of sheets halfway through baking, until tops are puffed and cakes spring back when touched, 10 to 12 minutes. Move to a rack to cool completely. Filling: Mix together MMJ butter, confectioners sugar, marshmallow, and vanilla in a bowl with electric mixer at medium speed until smooth, about 3 minutes. Spread a rounded tablespoon filling on flat sides of half of cakes and top with another cake.
JUNE 2011 | THE GREEN LEAF
37
5
1
10
11 6 2
7 3
12
Green Relief & 420 Events 2011 8 13
4 1. Ben & Isaac from Cannapages 2. Allen Sobol & Tony Carioscia 3. Kim Grant & Tom Scharf from V Syndicate 4. Artist Lalo Cota & Kate 5. Rick Solorio, Dustin Morris and Wade McKinney from Cultivation Management 6. Guys from Dragon Chewer 7. Ray C. from Doob Tubes 8. Shadi Zaki & Veteran 9. Nicole Joe & Kui Mi Oh 10. Greg Henke and Friend 11. Dave Levine from CannCan 12. Alix Shea from Shea’s House of Hydro 13. Miguel Valdez from MMAPA 14. Zandy & Jason from AZAOD
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THE GREEN LEAF | JUNE 2011
9
14
FUN & GAMES
.&& + (%-" Summer Solstice
Answers in next month’s issue
+(,, '(-! + 0 2 -( "' . &(+ +((-, -( +(0 ACROSS ("' -!", 0(+$, 2 3. This type of clone garden grows primarily in air and normally prefers an acidic PH range of 5.0-5.5 "' + ,"' ,.+ + 4. Another way to induce more roots to grow, doing 1)(,"' -!", / , .% + this works by increasing surface area % 2 + ., , & '2 6. One way to slow mite and fungal spore reproduction +((-, -( +(0 -! + is to lower this condition ' 0 2 -( ,%(0 &"- 8. Exposing this vascular layer causes many roots to grow there % ,)(+ ' .' 9. This is a bubble of air that gets trapped in the hole + )+( . -"(' ", -( in the stem %(0 + -!", (' "-"(' 10. The most traumatic incident a cannabis plant %(' 0"-! ' " can experience (%%(*." % - +& (+ (' ( -! ," ,- ,-+ "', -( %('
(0' !"% +((-"' %(' , "' + , % / %, ( -!", DOWN 1. % & '- -( )+(&(- While rooting, clones increase levels of this element to promote growth +(0-! 2. "' '' ", )% '-, Since Cannabis plants are subject to insects and diseases, it is best to do this to a grow room, including + ,. # - -( "', -, all work areas and tools, on a regular basis 5. ' ", , , "- ", ,- -( Due to its auto-flowering capability, this species of Cannabis does not make a suitable mother ( -!", -( +(0 +((& 7. "' %. "' Along with Indica, a colloquial term for one of the %% 0(+$ + , easiest strains to clone ' -((%, (' + .% + ,", -! &(,- -+ .& -" "' " '- '' ", )% '- ' 1) +" ' !", ", . % ( "+
Legal Expert continued from page 15 thing concerning the use of land that relates in any way to the public health safety and welfare. Zoning authority not only encompasses where activities can occur, it also extends to what buildings can look like or when they can be open. So, for example, if a city decides it doesn’t like a certain style of building it is within their authority to restrict that style because visual aesthetic is within the public welfare. And if you don’t like their decision, your recourse is through the ballot box and the democratic process. When it comes to cultivation of MMJ there is certainly the potential for health and safety concerns. Therefore, it is well within zoning authority to regulate (within reason) where and how that activity occurs. Of course reasonable people often disagree about what is reasonable! With regards to caregiver cultivation I think you would have a hard time arguing that it is unreasonable to prohibit this in residential areas (5 patients x 12 plants each may present a safety issue for a neighborhood). However, forcing caregivers to rent extensive and expensive industrial space might go too far. With regards to patient self-cultivation I think there is a strong argument that they should be able to do this in their home so long as reasonable precautions are taken (i.e. a locked and enclosed space, limited to a certain size). Forcing patients to rent industrial or commercial space seems patently impossible to me. Unfortunately, at the end of the day what is reasonable isn’t really the biggest issue.
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Now to the practical: The biggest issue here is the reality and feasibility of challenging a zoning ordnance. If you are unable to sway elected officials through the public input process then you really only have two options. The first would be to attempt a referendum on the ordinance. If you can get enough petition signatures you can send the specific issue to the voters to decide. Unfortunately, gathering enough petitions in time to force a referendum often proves too expensive and impractical for most issues. The last remaining option is to sue the City. Again, this takes significant time and financial resources that most individuals are unable or unwilling to commit. My hope is that as the MMJ industry develops in Arizona, we can fund a responsible and active industry group (like the AZMMA) to take on these fights and keep regulation reasonable for the sake of the patients.
Hemp continued from page 21 become aware only two days before that the so called “killer weed from Mexico” was indeed cannabis, a benign drug that had been prescribed by doctors for centuries. Strangely, in 1942 a U.S. government film titled “Hemp for Victory,” the very substance outlawed in 1937, was lauded as the one resource that could help the U.S. win World War II. Some historians have attributed hemp prohibition to the issues of racism, immigration and cultural inequities prevalent during the era, evidenced in the Reefer Madness campaign propagated by Hearst. Since American jobs were scarce during the Great Depression, and a large percentage of marijuana users happened to be migrant farm workers, some theories speculate that marijuana prohibition was enacted to preserve jobs for U.S. citizens that otherwise were given to immigrants. Next month we will delve into the conspiracy theories involving prohibition: which ones are myth, and which have a foundation of physical evidence to support them.
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ADVERTISERS ADVERTISER...........................................................................PAGE AA Smoke Shop................................................................................................. 33 AllPhase Renovations......................................................................................... 23 Arizona Cannabis Society................................................................................... 41 Arizona Cannabis Super Center........................................................................... 2 Arizona Compassion Club.................................................................................. 41 Arizona Compassionate Alternatives...................................................Back Cover Arizona Dispensary Solutions............................................................................... 5 Arizona Medical Marijuana Certification Center............................................... 31 AZ Med Testing.................................................................................................... 5 AZ Medical Marijuana Patient Services............................................................. 25 Blaze Smoke Shops............................................................................................ 18 Cannabis Planet TV............................................................................................ 35 CannaPages........................................................................................................ 41 CannaVoice......................................................................................................... 41 CannCan............................................................................................................. 11 CDS Insurance.................................................................................................... 11 Chameleon Glass............................................................................................... 18 Chris Ricci Designs............................................................................................. 41 Cibo Urban Pizzeria Cafe................................................................................... 42 Cloud Nine......................................................................................................... 14 CSA Advocates..................................................................................................... 7 Dispensary Real Estate....................................................................................... 15 DoobTubes......................................................................................................... 24 Dr. Carol A. 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