The Grower April 2014 by The Grower

APRIL 2014

CELEBRATING 134 YEARS AS CANADA’S PREMIER HORTICULTURAL PUBLICATION

VOLUME 64 NUMBER 04

SENSE AND SUSTAINABILITY

Water? Priceless! There are some things money can’t buy

Brothers Paul (left) and Ian Smith have taken a long-term view to water management on their Smith Gardens family-operated farm near Keswick, Ontario. At their processing plant for carrots, they are recycling 70 per cent of the 50,000 gallons of washwater required each day. Here, an irrigation rig stands ready to nurse recently transplanted onions with barley as a cover crop to preserve soil moisture. Photo by Glenn Lowson.

INSIDE Hard cider sourced from Ontario apples Page 4

Canadian Horticultural Council highlights Page 10 Focus: Irrigation

Section B

www.thegrower.org P.M. 40012319 $3.00 CDN

KAREN DAVIDSON Within a stone’s throw of Lake Simcoe and a seemingly plentiful water supply, Paul and Ian Smith are under no illusions: “With population increases, we have realized that going forward, water will become a bigger issue.” Along with other family members, they operate Smith Gardens, a large carrot and onion farm that sells domestically and to the U.S. The company has installed a system to recycle about 70 per cent of the 50,000 gallons of washwater used to clean carrots every day. “We wanted a system with many benefits,” explains Paul Smith, who started construction last summer. “It’s a closed-loop system that lessens our dependence on aquifers.” Without an engineering degree, Smith says it’s no small task to quantify water treatment

needs and to hire the right consultant. A lengthy process of interviewing six companies led to Noel Moya of Fluidyne Corporation. He’s an electromechanical engineer specializing in physio-chemical and microbiological process of wastewater treatment. Moya recommended an aerobic digester that kills bacteria, treats water and removes solids. A combination of filters, ultraviolet, ultrasound and ozone technology is deployed. The Smith’s considerable investment on this project is the cost of doing business in a context increasingly pressured by more Ministry of Environment regulations. Their motivation is to avoid any potential and unforeseen government shutdowns and, at the same time, build stronger sustainability recognition for their brand. They are not alone. This story resonates throughout a supply

chain that is increasingly alarmed by what’s happening south of the border. California – growing a $45 billion basket of produce annually -- is in dire drought straits. Accounts of the scope of problems there have been provided by the Smiths’ Holland Marsh neighbours John and Cristina Hambly who recently returned from a trip to the San Joaquin Valley. “Ninety per cent of their problem is environmental,” says Hambly. “There is almost no snow pack in the mountains which means little snow melt to feed the ponds.” In the San Joaquin Valley alone, 200,000 acres of tomatoes, melons, onions, broccoli and lettuce have been idled for lack of water. The California Farm Water Coalition estimates that 800,000 acres of land could be fallowed this year, or roughly 10 percent of the state’s total arable land. Those facts plus first-hand observations

are leading Hambly to look harder at water conservation on his own farm. By 2015, he may move to more drip irrigation. It’s a cautionary tale not only for Ontario but all of Canada, so richly blessed with fresh water. In the Los Angeles Times, editorial columnist George Skelton put the drought into context by quoting a public affairs official from a water district: “We didn’t get here through nature alone. We also got here through environmental regulations that limited the amount of water sent to the nearby San Luis reservoir.” The state’s current debate is fractious as Governor Jerry Brown has proposed a 35-mile, twin water tunnel to divert northern California water under or around the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta to central and southern parts of the state. The price tag? $15 billion. CONTINUED ON PAGE 3

PAGE 2 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

NEWSMAKERS

AT PRESS TIME… Reported changes to inspection requirements for U.S. apples shipped to Canada An unexpected provision added to the U.S. Farm Bill has raised a number of questions pertaining to the compulsory inspection requirements for U.S. apples destined for Canada. Canadian and U.S. officials are now in the process of reviewing the impacts. The added provision exempts fresh apples shipped in bulk bins (any containers over 100 lbs.) from the provisions of the U.S. Export Apple Act which state that apples being exported from the U.S. must be inspected before shipment and certified that they meet minimum quality requirements. Current Canadian import requirements still apply and require certification for every load of apples shipped from the U.S. in bulk containers moving under a Ministerial Exemption or containers weighing less than 100 lbs. (e.g. the 40 lb. ctn.). Absolutely nothing has changed in regard to the 40 lb. ctn. that is properly graded and packed to

Canadian standards. These still require USDA inspection and apples imported from other than the U.S. still require compulsory Customs Clearance inspections performed by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, e.g. Chile, South Africa, etc. The following is a summary of what is known related to the bulk imports: • Canadian inspection requirements still remain in place and inspections are still required on all apples in bulk bins upon entry into Canada from the U.S. according to the requirements outlined in the approved Ministerial Exemption • USDA have confirmed that they have not changed any procedures related to the inspection of apples as a result of the recently passed Farm Bill and that the inspection of all U.S. apples will remain status quo until further notice • USDA has indicated that they are still discussing the de-regulated requirement and that they intend to collaborate with CFIA before implementing any changes The Ontario Produce Marketing Association will be monitoring the decisions from both USDA and the CFIA and will provide updates as new information

becomes available.

New fees for DIS The Destination Inspection Service (DIS) is entering its final phase of a three-year process to implement full cost recovery as of April 1. • the hourly inspection rate increases to $171 (from $145 in 2012/13 and $99 in 2011/12) • the call-out fee in the amount of $50 per inspection will no longer be applied. A year ago, the proposed hourly rate was to increase from $145 per hour to $190. Over the last year, and upon the request of the industry, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has studied the business model for their service and been able to shave costs. Although DIS is no longer a dedicated service, it still remains a “prioritized” service. In other words, destination inspections remain the priority of DIS inspectors, regardless of other work they may be expected to perform explains Ian MacKenzie, general manager, Ontario Produce Marketing Association.

Keith Kuhl, a Winkler, Manitoba potato farmer and chair of Peak of the Market’s board of directors, will serve a second term as president of the Canadian Horticultural Council. For more details, see full CHC coverage on page 10.

Keith Kuhl (L) and Prime Minister Steven Harper at budget time.

Pradeep Sood has announced that Highbury Canco Corporation has come to an agreement with H.J. Heinz Company to buy its Leamington-Ontario plant, formerly slated to close in June. The plan is to transition the ketchup factory into a manufacturing, co-packaging and distribution facility for tomato juice and other products in early July. The group of Ontario investors, including current plant manager Sam Diab, intends to sell its products domestically as well as in emerging markets. The deal allows the plant to produce domestic tomato juice for Heinz, using locally grown, whole tomatoes. Under the Canadian Agricultural Products Act, Heinz is not allowed to import tomato juice into Canada. Foodland Ontario recently honoured the best in produce retailing with Vision Awards in three categories. They went to Sobeys Inc. (conventional); Food Basics, Metro Ontario Inc. (discount), Longo Brothers Fruit Markets Inc. (independent). The British Columbia Tree Fruit Growers’ Association announced the 2014 board of directors at a recent annual general meeting. They are: Fred Steele (Kelowna), president; Bhupinder Dhaliwal (Oliver), vice-president; Peter Simonsen (Penticton), South District; Sukhdev Brar (Summerland), South District; Ravinder Bains (Keremeos), South District; Surjit Nagra (Kelowna), North District; Niel Dendy (Kelowna), North District, Sukhdev Goraya (Kelowna), North District. The Ontario Farm Fresh Marketing Association recently recognized excellence in four distinct categories. Amy and Channing Strom won the Leadership Award for sharing their best practices through the OFFMA board and activities. Heather and Brad Fraser, Harvest Goodies won the Food Innovation Award for adding value to garlic scapes in vinaigrettes, mustard and bean pickle. The Ambassador Award went to Elizabeth Baird, former food editor of Canadian Living Magazine. The Outstanding Farm Marketer Award went to Anne Just, Kurtz Orchards, an entrepreneur who has opened several satellite locations including Carmel by the Sea, California. The federation of Quebec apple producers has promoted two employees. Melanie Noel becomes assistant executive director and Genevieve Perigny becomes communications officer. Congratulations to Ron Koop of Koop Farms, recipient of the Cuvée Award of Excellence in Viticulture, sponsored by BASF Canada Inc. Bob Seguin has left his position as executive director of the George Morris Centre, Guelph, Ontario to become director, economic development, Region of Niagara. He’s responsible for economic development activities and liaising with municipal economic development officials. His background meshes with the emphasis on economic growth in the agri-food sector. In the meantime, Barb Miller and John Scott are acting as interim, co-managing directors of the George Morris Centre. Congratulations to Sue-Ann Staff for winning the Niagara Emerging Entrepreneur of the Year Award. She is recognized for successfully steering Sue-Ann Staff Estate Winery, a LincolnOntario company that’s been established in the last five years which has demonstrated excellent prospects for continued growth.

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 3 THE GROWER

SENSE AND SUSTAINABILITY

Water? Priceless! There are some things money can’t buy

This irrigation channel linked to the Lake Simcoe watershed is a critical artery to the carrot and onion fields at Smith Gardens, Keswick, Ontario. Water conservation efforts are underway to protect soil health. Photo by Glenn Lowson.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 For some tunnel opponents, it’s all about protecting fish, particularly the smelt and the salmon. They’re not convinced there is enough surplus water to divert when plans are already underway to truck millions of young California salmon to the coast this April. For others, water has become a drug, mainlined by California’s agribusiness

users. The fact that detractors have framed the Bay-Delta Conservation Plan in terms of ‘agribusiness interests’ does not bode well. Already, citizens are talking about non-sustainable versus sustainable agriculture in a crisis that is deepening by the month. Perhaps even more worrisome, lack of water is pitting farmer against farmer in a complex web of water rights. For large operations such as Harris Ranch, CEO John Harris told the Sacramento Bee that even with the

Tumbleweed, that ubiquitous symbol of drought, is lodged in an irrigation channel near Cantua Creek, California. Altogether, about 800,000 acres of prime farmland will remain fallow in the state this year at a loss of about $5 billion. Crops ranging from almonds and asparagus to tomatoes and tree fruit will be affected. wherewithal to buy water, it’s a “pretty illiquid market” because there’s not much around. The Buena Vista Water Storage District sold 12,000 acre-feet of surplus water (an acre foot is 326,000 gallons) for an average price of $1,135 per acre-foot – four times the normal cost. While southern competitors cope with an epic drought, it’s time to shore up water conservation plans here for the upcoming summer. And for good reason. Just days ago, Farm & Food Care Ontario released

results of a survey of 400 Ontario farmers. Ninety per cent of those surveyed placed environmental issues among farm concerns, listing availability of water, loss of soil fertility, adapting to climate change, soil erosion and ground water contamination. The Smith family would totally agree. “Be mindful of water. It’s not a completely renewable resource.”

INTERNATIONAL UNITED STATES

SPAIN

Use multi-pear varieties in ads

The cherry “Ferrari’ revs up

Washington-based Stemilt Growers report that Anjou pear volumes were 24 per cent higher in the last quarter of 2013, compared to the same quarter the year previous. Overall, volumes and sales of Red d’Anjous, Barletts and Boscs also raised the category. The tree fruit leader says that more use of ripening programs, value-bag offerings and multiple varieties are stimulating consumer sales according to marketing director Roger Pepperl. He’s a strong advocate of multiple pears on advertising blitzes which result in 15 to 20 per cent increases in volume compared to one-item pear ads. Organic pears make up 20 per cent of Stemilt’s pear volumes.

Glamour cherries are now being harvested from high-tech glasshouses in Lleida, Spain, beating the global market by two months. Produced in small quantities, they fetch top dollar in upmarket department stores such as Harrods of London. A 500-gram bamboo punnet can cost between €85 and €125 during the eight-week season of March and April. The harvest is expected to weigh in at 72,000 kg of fruit from an area of 50,000m2, with an additional 10,000m2 of young plantations due for harvest in

Source: ThePacker.com

two years. The agricultural research team has improved the levels of fruit sugars and robustness notes Oscar Ortiz, sales manager. Brand owner SAT Edoa currently markets Glamour cherries to Russia, Dubai, Qatar and the U.K. with its sights set on Canada and Singapore in the future. Source: SAT Edoa news release

CHINA

MICHIGAN

Great leap forward in productivity

Green light for tree fruit levy

Expect faster agricultural growth in China, according to “New Chinese Agricultural Policy” a report published by Rabobank. The pressure of feeding 1.3 billion citizens is forcing the government to revise agricultural policy. “Agriculture has been the backbone of the Chinese economy for thousands of years,” states Rabobank analyst, Chenjun Pan. At present, he says the fragmented supply chain is not working smoothly to guarantee food safety or to transport food from small plots to burgeoning cities. Greater mechanization, new technology and the transfer of land-use rights will create economies of scale. Rabobank predicts that cooperatives, family farms and specialized large farms will coexist and thrive in the next decade.

The state’s tree fruit producers have voted for a levy to create the Michigan Tree Fruit Research & Development Program. The levy will be in place for the 2014 season starting April 1. The levy is not to exceed $2.50 per ton of cherries sold; four cents per 100 pounds of apples sold; $2 per ton of peaches sold; or $4.50 per ton of plums sold. The funds will support research stations and extension programs to keep growers current with the latest technology and marketing opportunities. Michigan’s agriculture department reports that of 253 valid ballots, 181 producers voted yes and 72 voted no.

Source: Rabobank news release

PAGE 4 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

LOCAL FOOD

Growers to sign Foodland Ontario logo agreement Foodland Ontario’s mandate is to build an emotional connection between consumers and their food and the Ontario farmers who produce it. Through various marketing activities, the depth, breadth and variety of local food is showcased. This makes the local food choice easier for consumers at grocery stores, farmers’ markets and on-farm markets across the province. Responding to consumers’ demand for recipes, Foodland Ontario continues to develop recipe brochures that are distributed in stores, farmers’ markets and on-farm markets. For the remainder of 2014, look for spring, summer and fall brochures. Also coming in 2014, farmers’ market and on-farm market vendors will have access to commodity specific recipe cards. Twenty-four recipes featuring more than 50 different Ontario commodities will be available this season. These recipes, along with the regular roster of complimentary Foodland Ontario merchandising materials are free of charge and can be ordered on-line, fax

or by mail. Please visit: www.foodlandontario.ca for a catalogue and order forms. One of the biggest challenges facing consumers today is being able to identify local at point of purchase. Ontario producers and processors are encouraged to use the Foodland Ontario logo. Nine out of every ten shoppers recognize the logo as Ontario fresh food. If you are not using the logo to identify your locally grown and processed food, get started today. New in 2014, producers using Foodland Ontario resources are required to sign a logo agreement to ensure those resources will only be used to identify Ontario food. This practice protects the Foodland Ontario brand and Ontario growers. For more information on the Foodland Ontario program or how to get the Foodland Ontario agreement, contact Foodland Ontario’s Client Services Officer by email Sandra.jones@ontario.ca or 1-888-466-2372 ext. 63947

VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS

Ontario apples + processing + marketing = Pommies dry cider KAREN DAVIDSON Cider is made like wine and drunk like a beer. With this insight, Britain natives Lindsay and Nick Sutcliffe are grafting the hard cider habit of their home country to the local food trend in Canada. “Cider is a massive drink in the U.K.,” says Nick Sutcliffe, Southern Cliff Brands, Caledon, Ontario. “It represents 10 per cent of all alcohol sales. When we talk about cider, we mean hard cider.” Unlike sweet cider, the term “dry” means that the natural sugar has been fermented out, leaving a hard cider that contains between five and seven per cent alcohol. Working with Grant Howes, a Prince Edward County apple grower and cider maker, the Sutcliffe’s crafted a recipe that contains Ida Red, Northern Spy, Gala, Empire and Russet apples. The result is a refreshing, dry and light-bodied cider with a crisp,

lasting finish. While the apple variety proportions and yeast remain proprietary, it’s no secret that the apples are sourced from the Georgian Bay area. Abandoning former sales and marketing careers in Toronto, they first approached the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) with a private tasting of their fledgling cider. With a thumbsup, they began working with a local advertising company in Toronto to brand the product. Pomme is French for apple, so it’s not too far a stretch to pluralize the word. And with tongue in cheek, they’re proud to invoke the Australian derogatory term for Brits: pommies. The Sutcliffe’s launched Pommies Dry Cider in September 2012. Gently carbonated and made with no added artificial flavourings or colourings, the five per cent alcoholic beverage is now the top-selling SKU in the Ontario craft cider category at LCBO. With further insight into

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the category, they deliberately steered away from the masculine positioning of Strongbow, a major competitor, to appeal equally to male and female consumers. Frequent appearances at food and beverage shows are helping raise awareness of hard cider as a sparkling alternative to beer, coolers and light white wines. Sales of Pommies Dry Cider are expected to double every year for the next five years. For four 355 mL bottles, a pack costs $12.95. In just two years, the brand is now available in Alberta, Saskatchewan and parts of New Brunswick. Part of that sales growth will be pushed by cider tastings and a tree give-away at select LCBO stores this April and May.

Consumers who purchase three, four-packs of Pommies Dry Cider will be given a three-foot tall Gala apple tree with detailed planting and growing instructions. The dwarf variety trees will not exceed a height of eight-feet tall when fully grown, a trait ideal for home gardeners. The promotion underscores that Pommies is made from 100 per cent juice from Ontario apples and furthers the messaging about local, sustainable agriculture. “Lots of companies give away stuff, usually plastic, but we wanted to make sure that we offered consumers something that benefits them for years to come,” says Sutcliffe. Cheers to hard cider.

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 5 THE GROWER

PROMOTION

One step closer to Canadian Strawberry Promotion and Research Agency

The Farm Products Council of Canada (FPCC) is holding hearings this month regarding the establishment of a Canadian Strawberry Promotion and Research Agency. They are scheduled for Vancouver, B.C. on April 1, 2014 and in Montreal, Quebec on April 23, 2014. Written submissions were due at the Farm Products Council of Canada office by March 28. An application to create a research and promotion agency for the Canadian fresh strawberry industry was submitted to FPCC in December 2013. The proposal is based on the results of consultations carried out between October 2012 and December 2013 with strawberry growers and their provincial associations, other industry associations, buyers, sellers and importers. The proposal outlines a mechanism to raise funds, based on a fixed rate per pound, from domestically produced and imported fresh strawberries. These funds would be used to carry out, among other things, the following: • promotion of strawberries to increase sales of domestic and imported strawberries • research into new varieties, more economic production methods, health benefits, longer shelf-life • the development of promotional tools for retailers, wholesalers, u-picks and on-farm markets • consumer research and studies FPCC must enquire into the merits of establishing an agency for any farm product where producer groups file such a request, and then recommend to the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food in accordance with the Farm Products Agencies Act. A panel chaired by Tim O’Connor along with member Mike Pickard, will conduct public hearings. Once concluded, the panel will make its recommendations to the FPCC which in turn will report to the Minister of Agriculture. It is then up to the Minister to decide whether or not to proceed with the Proclamation of the Agency. It is important to note that the Act stipulates that in making recommendations to the Minister, Council will not recommend the establishment of an agency unless it is satisfied that a majority of producers and importers are in favour of such an action. They

will also assess any proposal for its ability to implement an equitable contribution system on strawberries that are imported and produced domestically. The Ontario Produce Marketing Association, along with other marketing associations across the country, has taken a neutral position on the matter as directed in the following motion: “The Ontario Produce

Marketing Association (OPMA) supports the marketing and promotion of all fresh produce in Canada and recognizes the right of individual commodity groups to self-organize for marketing and research purposes. At the direction of the Board of Directors, OPMA will not make submissions of support or opposition on applications for the formation of Agencies.” However, individual companies may request to appear at the

The Ontario Produce Marketing Association, along with other marketing associations across the country, has taken a neutral position.

public hearings or make written submissions to the FPCC. Full details of the procedures, look to http://fpcccpac.gc.ca/index.php/en-GB/publichearingsetc/public-hearingshome Or call FPCC at 613-7591165 or 1-855-611-1165 Source: Ontario Produce Marketing Association news release

PAGE 6 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

MARKETING

From Toronto to Toledo, Ontario greenhouse vegetables build favour KAREN DAVIDSON Maple syrup isn’t the first crop anymore. Just as sweet, Ontario’s greenhouse vegetables are out of the gate in tandem with the first day of spring, and often before. With 2,398 acres now in production, growers are anxious to supplant Mexican product in the northeastern U.S. and Canada. Up by 126 acres in the last year alone, Ontario’s industry is striving to maintain market share with premium product. To sustain that growth, marketing efforts are becoming more expansive and sophisticated. The track record of the Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers (OGVG) has earned the awarding of $181,000 in Growing Forward 2 funding over the next two years to launch a comprehensive U.S. in-store demonstration program. The results of sampling programs are well worth the effort, as proven in a 2013 pilot. Domestically, initial foodservice outreach won early success with last year’s procurement process to supply Hero Burgers with greenhousegrown tomatoes. To broaden that foodservice strategic plan, OGVG has been awarded $168,750 in funding over the next two years, also through Growing Forward 2. “We’re building brand awareness with chefs, buyers, restaurant chains,” says Nancy Hewitt, foodservice market specialist, OGVG. “These potential clients are amazed at the size and scope of our industry. The momentum is starting to build.” Fresh from last month’s Canadian Restaurant and Foodservice Association trade show in Toronto, Hewitt is now turning attention to about 100 culinary students at Liaison Colleges throughout Ontario. She will be introducing locally harvested produce right off the vine, coinciding with the official start of spring. The surprise of that early harvest should stick with the next generation of chefs.

OGVG’s messaging will be reinforced by an advertisement in the April edition of Foodservice and Hospitality Magazine with the tag line: From our house to yours. While artful displays of plated produce tempt the palate, the ad shows a grower and a bee at work in their natural habitat: a greenhouse.

“

We’re building brand awareness with chefs, buyers, restaurant chains. These potential clients are amazed at the size and scope of our industr y. The momentum is star ting to build.”

ONTTA ARI ARIO GREENHOUSE VEGET EGETTA AB ABLES

Tast ste the diffference fresh fr & vinne ripenedd makes! ONTARIO GREENHOUSE TOMATOES March to November To identify our tomatoes, look for the PLU sticker that indicates Ontario or Canada origin. Our sweetness level ranges from 1-5, where 1 is less sweet and 5 is very sweet. Check out the ratings below!

BEEFSTEAK TOMATOES

CLUSTER TOMATOES

Average diameter: 3 ½" • Yield in slices: approx. 10 Known for their firm “meaty” texture Light-red colour Thicker skin Not quite as sweet as the other varieties Luscious, tasty, incredible flavour Yellow and orange varieties are low in acidity and great for anyone with acid-reflux

Av diameter 2 ½" • Yield in slices: approx. 6 verage diameter: Harvested with the vine, which p ovides keeps them firm and pr additional flavour and nutrition Sweet and tart at the same time fla avo Per fect texture and flavour Often sold as “TOV’s” Tomatoes-on-the-Vine

Av verage diameter: 2 ¼" ¼ Not usually sliced Oval shape Thin skin Firm flesh Few seeds Low acidity Av vailable in large or mini size Rich in colour Deep in flavour

Performs well: slice and add to sandwiches or char-broiled burgers; great for stuffing; try them stuffed with rice or grain, other seasonings and topped with cheese for a tasty roasted tomato!

Performs well: for salads, salsas, sliced in a sandwich and in all of your favourite side dishes; firm and delicious chopped into a Greek Village salad.

Performs well: per fect for sauces, soups, salsas and canning; great addition to salads; try them in a traditional Italian Marinara sauce – tasty on top of grilled fish, meats or on pasta!

Sweetness Level: 1

Sweetness Level: 2

Sweetness Level: 3

HEIRLOOM TOMATOES

COCKTAIL TOMATOES

Beyond promotion, OGVG is developing unique tools to educate the supply chain about how to use greenhouse produce. The tomato category is bursting with specialties that have unique qualities. For instance, beefsteak tomatoes are rated a one for sweetness, while cherry and grape tomatoes are rated a five. Those gradients of sweetness are critical to chefs who may choose different culinary applications based on flavour profiles. “The demands for flavour and quality are changing very rapidly within the foodservice marketplace and this will provide our members with the opportunity to cater to this growing demand,”

MEETINGS, TRADE & EQUIPMENT SHOW

CHERRY & GRAPE TOMATOES

Av verage diameter: 2" Juicy High sugar level, sweet and succulent; low acidity aci Larger than a cherry her tomato but smaller alle and rounder than a plum plu tomato rs and a Variety of colours flavours

Av verage diame diameter: wide range from 2 ¼" to 3 ½" Yield in slices: 6 to 10 Found in a variety of shapes, colours and sizes Per fect blend of sweetness and nd acidity acid Full of flavour Sure to impress with nd colour colo their taste and Each variety tastes different, so be sure t Performs well: excellent addition to salads, pasta pastas; make a beautiful colour ful Caprese salad layered with fresh bocconcini or burrata cheese. Sweetness Level: 3

Av verage diameter: 1 ¼" ¼ Per fect bite-sized snacks a acks Small, ripe and sweet ett Yellow and orange varieties va arietie i ti especially low in acidity dity d Longest shelf life of any of our tomatoes

Performs well: on-the-go snack, in salads, kabobs, roasted and tossed in salads and pastas; per fect roasted, tossed with extra virgin olive oil, fresh basil and warm pasta topped with Parmesan cheese.

Performs well: enjoy them on their own, in a salad, on a veggie tray or on a pizza, roasted; great for salads and snacking; make a very sweet Bruschetta topping; try them in our Twisted Bruschetta recipe!

Sweetness Level: 4

Sweetness Level: 5

ONTARIO GREENHOUSE BELL PEPPERS

~ Nancy Hewitt

ROMA TOMATOES

ONTARIO GREENHOUSE CUCUMBERS

March to November

Year-round

Store in refrigerator for up to one week and only wash when ready to use.

English cucumbers can be stored in refrigerator for up to 10 days and minis up to 2 weeks.

weight: Average v weigh i h 9 oz (256 g) Stunning colours of red, yellow and orange Great recipe presentation Each colour represents various sweetness levels Very versatile and suits many types of cuisines crunchy texture Flavourr, flexibility, flexi and nutritional values are unbeatable Per fect raw for snacking waste by using all trimmings such Avoid v as top or bottom slice – use in casseroles, soups or salsa

length: 12-14”; 1 lb(454 g) by weight English – Average v le Minis & Cocktail – Range 2 1/2" - 6"; 1 - 3 oz (28 - 85 g) each h Both Varieties: Firm and crisp Seedless - easier to digest Edible skin so Minis no peeling = no waste Versatile Cool , refreshing Fat-free, low in calories alories

Performs well: crudités; in salads; roasted and tossed in salads and pastas. Culinary applications: pizza topping; roasted for antipasto platters; omelette filling; stir fries; fajitas; in dips such as hummus, Romesco sauce, coulis. Recipes from our website: Saffron Yellow Pepper Soup; Red Pepper Coulis; Roasted Red Peppers; Stuffed Peppers; Roasted Red Pepper Hummus; Village Salad and more.

English

Performs well: snacking; cking; in salads; appetizers; chilled soups; drinks. Add to sandwiches for a refreshing crunch. Sliced cucumbers make a welcome addition to a jug of refreshing drinking water. Culinary applications: crudité platters; sandwiches; dips such as Tzaziki and Raita; stuffed cucumber cups; Greek salad; day pickles; sautéed or used in hot or cold soups. Recipes from our website: Stuffed Cucumber; Gazpacho; Grape and Cucumber Gazpacho, Cold Cucumber Soup, Cucumber Mint Sauce, Cucumber and Wasabi Salad.

F m our ho From house to t yyours.... ONTARIOGREENHOUSE.COM

says Don Taylor, OGVG chair. “This program will allow us to expand on established and new relationships to increase the overall demand from foodservice operators, chefs and buyers for Ontario greenhouse vegetables.”

MUCK Vegetab le Growe CONFER rs ENCE

9-10

BRADAPRIL 2014 FORD Contact: Matthew Sheppard, Bradford Co-operative Storage Limited PVKHSSDUG#EHOOQHW FD Ř

Announcement Gintec Shade Technologies Inc. welcomes Mark VanGoethem, formerly with Dubois Agrinovations, to our expanding sales force. Mark brings with him expertise in mulch and irrigation systems for ginseng, vineyards, vegetables, and orchards. Mark will be located at the same location 710 Old Highway #24 in Waterford. Mark looks forward to servicing the mulch and irrigation needs of all his former customers and welcomes new inquiries. He can be reached by phone at 877.443.4743 or email mvango@gintec-shade.com.

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 7 THE GROWER

Disease control that adds up.

Pristine

Fungicide

Pristine® fungicide delivers exceptional broad-spectrum disease control, resistance management & the benefits of AgCelence®. With AgCelence, increased growth efficacy & stress management result in improved quality and higher yield potential, allowing you to get the most from your apples. For more information on Pristine fungicide, call AgSolutions® by BASF at 1-877-371-BASF (2273) or visit www.agsolutions.ca Always read and follow label directions. Technical support provided by

AgCelence and Pristine are registered trade-marks of BASF SE, used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. AgSolutions is a registered trade-mark of BASF Corporation, used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. © 2013 BASF. Image courtesy istock photo.

PAGE 8 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

RESEARCH

The quest for flavour in greenhouse-grown tomatoes Like the grape industry, the quest for flavour in greenhouse tomatoes involves balancing the elusive ratio of sugars and acids. Particularly in tomatoes-on-thevine (TOV), the Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers is seeking to enhance those qualities. That’s why OGVG has turned to David Liscombe, a research scientist in biochemistry at Vineland Research and Innovation Centre (Vineland). The research effort is timely because the foodservice industry is showing increasing interest in the tomato category. Along with beefsteak and specialty tomatoes, TOVs make up 38.4 per cent (921 acres) of total Ontario greenhouse acreage. Altogether, the tomato category tallies a farmgate value of about $258 million. Tomato flavour is governed by a complex mixture of sugars, organic acids and dozens of volatile chemicals that affect our perception of sweetness and flavour intensity. The ratio of sugar to acid is very important, but the volatiles are just as important. A tomato variety can have half the sugar of another but is percieved as twice as sweet due to volatile content. Those crucial elements can vary according to the variety’s genetics and

Photo by Denis Cahill

David Liscombe studies various tomato samples for sugars, organic acids and dozens of volatile chemicals that affect perception of sweetness and flavour. Photo by Denis Cahill. growing conditions, even in a controlled greenhouse environment. “Most commercial TOVs produced in Ontario were developed in greenhouses in Europe,” says Liscombe. “Our

environment here is quite different and that’s why it’s so important to do research right here in southern Ontario, to select varieties that perform well and taste fantastic when produced under local conditions.”

Using a multidisciplinary approach, project leader Liscombe and Vineland colleagues Amy Bowen (Consumer Insights), Valerio Primomo (Vegetable Breeding) and Travis Banks

(Bioinformatics) are establishing an Ontario breeding program. The team has sequenced DNA of 285 genetically-diverse tomato varieties and has determined flavour chemical profiles for 180 varieties. This information will be analyzed to narrow the contenders to 50 tomato varieties, representing a wide range of flavours. They are using DNA markerassisted selection to ensure the new, flavourful varieties possess resistance traits against a number of diseases including Tobacco mosaic virus, Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, Fusarium crown and root rot. Finally, the consumer insights team is evaluating for specific sensory characteristics such as aroma/flavour, taste and texture. The taste traits preferred by Ontario consumers will be relayed to the breeding team and integrated into the genetics map of the perfect Ontario greenhouse tomato. This research project is funded through the Growing Forward 2 AgriInnovation Program, with contributions from the federal government and OGVG.

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 9 THE GROWER

Disease control that adds up.

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PAGE 10 â&#x20AC;&#x201C;â&#x20AC;&#x201C; APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

CANADIAN HORTICULTURAL COUNCIL 92ND ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

Keith Kuhl re-elected as CHC President Sitting Canadian Horticultural Council president Keith Kuhl was re-elected to a second term at the 92nd Annual CHC Annual General Meeting held March 4-6, 2014 in Kelowna, BC. Kuhl is the first CHC president elected to a second term. The rule change permitting successive term presidencies was part of an overall update of the CHCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bylaws in 2012.

The by-laws were further amended in 2013 to fully comply with the new federal Not-for-Profit Corporations Act 2010. Kuhl is well-known in the industry as owner and operator of Southern Manitoba Potato in Winkler, MB, which he runs with his two sons. He chaired the CHC Potato Committee and the Canadian Potato Council for near-

ly nine years, and currently serves as Chair of the board of directors at Peak of the Market and ViceChair of the Horticultural Value Chain Roundtable. Keithâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s father, John, was actively involved with the CHC for many years and served as President in 1987.

Joe Sardinha honoured posthumously for his service to the fruit growing industry The late Joe Sardinha, a wellknown BC fruit grower, was posthumously awarded the CHCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Doug Connery Award for his long and selfless service to the fruit growing industry. The son of Portuguese immigrants, Sardinha grew up on his familyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 4.5 hectare farm in Summerland, BC, which he took over at the age of 19. Sardinha later served as VP and then as president of the BC Fruit Growersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Association (BCFGA) during some of the industryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most difficult and

tumultuous years. The whole industry was shocked and saddened when he suffered a heart attack and passed away at the age of 51 in May, 2014. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Joe was a man of high intelligence and quick wit, but he had no pretentions and he put on no airs,â&#x20AC;? said CHC President Keith Kuhl during the awards ceremony. â&#x20AC;&#x153;He could have led a fulfilling, busy and very full life doing nothing but cultivating his own trees and his own rich and rewarding family life. But Joe was also a man with a profound commitment to BCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fruit indus-

try and to his fellow growers, and he advocated for them tirelessly.â&#x20AC;? The award was accepted on Sarndinhaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s behalf by his wife Julie. The award, which â&#x20AC;&#x153;celebrates leadership excellence and honours exemplary passion, commitment and dedication to advancing the interests of Canadaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s horticultural industryâ&#x20AC;? was established by the Board of Directors in 2012 in memory of Doug Connery. Previous honourees include Steve Levasseur, Keith, Kuhl and Ken Forth.

Joe Sardinha

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APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 11 THE GROWER

Disease control that adds up.

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PAGE 12 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

CANADIAN HORTICULTURAL COUNCIL 92ND ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

AGM delegates pass 13 resolutions Delegates to the Canadian Horticultural Council’s 2014 Annual General Assembly, which took place March 4 - 9 in Kelowna, BC, passed 13 resolutions on significant issues affecting Canada’s fruit and vegetable growers. 2014-01 National Clean Plant Program THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the CHC demand that the Canadian Food Inspection Agency enact a program similar to the US National Clean Plant Network (UCPN) and/or participate in (or join) the existing US NCPN

2014-08

Accessible Weather Data for all Canadian Horticultural Producers THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council lobby Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for adequate funding of a national weather data collection and analysis network.

2014-02 Lack of Consultation with the Potato Industry Prior to Specific CFIA Program Cuts Made in the 2012 Federal Budget THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the CHC continue to work with the Canadian potato industry and the federal government to maintain the approved standard containers (3 lb. or less, 5 lb., 10 lb., 15 lb., 20 lb., 50 lb., 75 lb., and 100 lb.) in Canada, THEREFORE BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the CHC work with the federal government to ensure that future specific program changes are not included in omnibus budget packages without prior consultation with industry, and that in the future AAFC and the CFIA work on a more proactive and consultative basis with the Canadian Horticultural Council on such issues

2014-09

Phytosanitary Certificate Requirements for Leek Moth THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the CHC demand the CFIA implement the online electronic signature system by summer 2014.

2014-10

Updating the ReTain label to Maximize Returns for Canadian Apple Growers THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council ask both Valent Canada, the registrant of ReTain, and the (Health Canada) Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) to include a range of use rates on the Canadian label to reflect the wide range of sensitivity to ReTain among apple varieties; BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council request that Valent Canada seek to the (Health Canada) Pest Management Regulatory Agency amend the current Days to Harvest Interval in Canada (28 days) to match that of the United States (seven days).

LR201411

Single Licensing for the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Sector THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council request the CFIA and AAFC to: • replace the Licensing and Arbitration Regulations for fresh fruit and vegetable dealers with an industry-led and government-mandated membership and arbitration model to be delivered by a single entity; • name the Fruit and Vegetable Dispute Resolution Corporation (DRC), including its rules and regulations, as the single entity; • not require primary producers who only market products that they have grown themselves to be members of the DRC, and ensure that these primary producers have full access to the DRC system on a pay as you go basis, and • not increase the scope, requirements or criterion for posting financial security by applicants to or members of the DRC as the current policies and rules of the DRC provide a level of security for specific instances without creating a barrier to entry or needless burden on small and medium size businesses.

2014-03 Timing of Approval and Signing of Agreements under Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s AgriInnovation and AgriMarketing Growing Forward 2 Programs THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council continue to lobby the federal government for more timely approval and finalization of funding agreements and the disbursement of funds. 2014-04 Cooperation Required to Assist Growers in Dealing with Wireworm Pressure THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that: • the registration for Thimet® be extended until 2017; and • the federal government provide further research support to identify chemical and cultural practice options that may provide solutions to this serious problem. 2014-05 Licensing and Registration by the CFIA Pursuant to the new Safe Food for Canadians Act THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council work to ensure that the CFIA will require all license holders to enroll in a food safety program equivalent to those managed by CanAgPlus. 2014-06 Limited Stay for Temporary Foreign Workers THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council lobby Citizenship and Immigration Canada to have agricultural workers (agriculture stream of the TFWP) exempted from the 48-month limit.

LR2014- Foreign Worker Mobility THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that CHC makes representations to 12 Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC), Employment and Social Development Canada, and the supply countries so that employers who have an approved LMO can exchange SAWP workers for a short period of time in order to meet their manpower shortage.

2014-07 AgriInnovation Program’s Agri-Science Project THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council arequest that AAFC allocate specific funding for small fruit, tree fruit, vegetable and greenhouse production projects in Canada as part of the Agri Science Project LR2014- Definition of “Greenhouse” 13 THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the CHC replace the definition of component of the AgriInnovation Program. “Greenhouse” as it was previously approved by resolution number 2011-17 and replace the definition with the following: “A Vegetable Greenhouse or Hothouse” means a fully enclosed permanent aluminum or steel structure clad either in glass or impermeable plastic which must: (a) Use automated irrigation and climate control systems, including heating and ventilation capabilities: and (b) Utilize hydroponic methods” “Vegetable Greenhouse/Hothouse Production Standards” also include: i) Minimizing pesticide use by utilizing no herbicides and following production practices such as Integrated Pest Management; and ii) Complying with the standards of a globally accepted Food Safety program. A certified organic greenhouse/hothouse vegetable facility must meet the greenhouse definition, with the exception of (b), as, according to Canadian organic standards (CAN/CGSB32.310-2006), hydroponics are not allowed and “soil” must be used as the growth medium.

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 13 THE GROWER

WHAT’S YOUR STORY?

Local needs require national strategies KAREN DAVIDSON The Annapolis Valley is one of those icons of Canadian geography, made famous by its annual apple blossom festival. Now in its 82nd year, the ritual focuses on the rich agricultural heritage of a valley that’s just a hop, skip and a jump to the fishing grounds of the Bay of Fundy. In addition to that abundance, there are vegetables. Dominion Produce is one such example operated by brothers Peter and John Swetnam at Centreville, Nova Scotia. Their second-generation farm comprises 900 acres of which 325 acres produce onions and carrots. The onions are packed under the Country Magic label with partner Nova Agri and carrots including regular/rainbow varieties are packed under the Dominion Produce label to reach local markets through retail stores, small chain stores and farm markets. The issues experienced here are mirrored across the country. “We’re always looking for ways to be more competitive,” says Peter Swetnam. As a representative of Horticulture Nova Scotia and a director on the Canadian Horticultural Council’s (CHC) executive and Crop Protection Advisory Committee, he has become very interested in promoting harmonization between Canada and the U.S. It is imperative to have access to the same crop protection products at a comparable price point as the U.S. As one of two Atlantic representatives to the CHC, Swetnam has appreciated the opportunity to network at a national level. Swetnam points to the recent strawberry virus crisis which has affected many farms across Nova Scotia. “Although there is a national disaster relief program, this provincial catastrophe was deemed ineligible to receive relief under this program,” says Swetnam. Short term support is in place while industry is exploring a long term solution. The prime objective is to protect the strawberry industry by protecting nursery stock. For the next two to three years, because of the high levels of inoculum still present, there will be diligent testing and surveying for the presence of the strawberry virus and aphids. “But just as importantly, we need more access to insecticides with shorter re–entry periods for harvesting,” adds Swetnam. “The U.S. has access to more products with one-day re-entry labels. These are choices that also offer strategies for pest resistance management.” With this recent example of a pest outbreak, there’s more of a resolve than ever to present grower needs to the Canadian Pest Management Regulatory Agency and the Pest Management Centre.

Part of that dialogue has included the pollinator issue in the last year. Bees are important to many crops, but as Swetnam has realized, “none of us want to be alienated on this issue.” He encourages a science-based approach to a complex topic of bee colony decline and unexplained bee deaths. Bayer CropScience’s launch of a seed fluency agent for air seeders mandated by PMRA (Pest Management Regulatory Agency) in November 2013 is an excellent example of a positive, proactive

approach to a complex national problem. Without access to specific herbicides used in the U.S., Swetnam says that production of his onion crop this year will once again mean a return to hand weeding; extra field workers will be needed for hand labour at Dominion Produce. This is a perfect example of how a deficiency in access to crop protection reveals a need for strength in another area of national concern: the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP).

month’s CHC annual convention in Kelowna passed a resolution that calls for more foreign worker mobility: THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that CHC makes representations to Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC), Employment and Social Development Canada, and the supply countries so that employers who have an approved Labour Market Opinion can exchange SAWP workers for a short period of time in order to meet their

manpower shortage. Together, these interrelated issues – harmonization of crop protection products, importance of pollinator bees and access to seasonal workers on a timely basis – demonstrate that local needs require national strategies. To that end, Swetnam encourages membership in provincial horticultural organizations which are members of the Canadian Horticultural Council, who are diligently working on behalf of the entire industry.

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PAGE 14 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

Keep politics out of our pockets

RAY DUC CHAIR, OFVGA When the Minimum Wage Advisory Panel was struck last year, ostensibly to take politics out of future increases, I praised the Wynne government. Sounded

like a good plan, one that we could get behind. The Minimum Wage Advisory Panel agreed with our position that future increases should be based on the Ontario Consumer Price Index and be adjusted annually. This method would bring fair, small, annual increases that would be both manageable and bankable. The Wynne government also agreed and adopted this policy. The problem is that it also reached into the pockets of employers for another $0.75 an hour. This was a decision based on obtaining votes and positioning for the upcoming election. Pure politics. While most employers can pass this additional cost on to the consumer, our members cannot.

The farmers’ input costs, at least for non-supply managed crops, have no bearing on what they receive for their farm products. This is a reality that most do not understand. The provincial government set up the panel to take politics out of this process but could not resist taking one more kick at the can. So now we have it -- an $11 per hour minimum wage, the highest in North America. The cost of this increase is estimated at $30 million to the horticultural industry in Ontario, money that cannot be found in our global marketplace. We are not accepting this increase lightly. Over the next couple months we will be taking the numbers to the grass roots level to impress on the

Minister what this will cost individual farms, and show how it will have a negative impact on jobs and investment. This minimum wage increase does not support the Minister’s local food policy nor her desire to grow the agricultural industry. I would encourage all fruit and vegetable producers in Ontario to contact your local MPPs and let them know how this increase in minimum wage will affect your operation. The government will not reverse its decision to raise the wage rate, but it must be impressed on them that this will have a major impact on our industry. We cannot continue to pay for social programs when our margins are so slim. I believe the Premier took on

the role of Minister of Agriculture for two primary reasons: the first because she has an interest in local food production and a healthy agriculture sector; the second was to win back votes and seats in rural Ontario. Forcing another $30 million cost unto the backs of our fruit and vegetable farmers, causing inevitable job loss and decrease in spending power, I cannot understand how anyone could believe that this is a good strategy for winning votes in rural Ontario. What good is an increase in wage rates if the result is fewer jobs and less money to reinvest in both our farms and community?

What path will we take?

ART SMITH CEO, OFVGA I often wonder where horticulture in Ontario will be in 10 years. I believe that on a global scale the future of the fruit and vegetable sector is very bright. We see this every day when we go to the grocery store, an ever expanding produce sector more and more products from around the globe and increasing prices. The only problem is that most of Ontario producers are not participating in those increasing consumer prices. From 2002 through 2012, consumers paid nine per cent more for fresh fruit and eight per cent more for fresh vegetables and this at a time when food inflation was running at about 32 per cent and CPI (all goods) was running at approximately 23 per cent. This, of course, is unsustainable and is why I am concerned about the future of much of our sector. The consolidation of the retail sector and globalization have changed everything. Getting that extra nickel or dime is more difficult than ever before. You, the

farmer, are expected to be price competitive with the cheapest of imports . . . after all your product was produced locally so it shouldn’t have that transportation cost! Oh if life were so simple. Now you know that transportation is not the reason for competitiveness problems; no it’s just about everything else we do in production including such things as the cost of regulations, materials and labour. We live in a high cost of production society with charges for societal benefits often being down-loaded onto the backs of the farmer. We are not alone in having to pay these costs, other businesses also have to pay many regulatory charges but in most cases they pass these costs onto their consumer. We cannot! This, more and more, has become our albatross and it keeps challenging our farmers. The inability to recover these additional costs is forcing many farmers out of business. According to OMAF stats there were 2,831 edible horticulture farms in 2007 by 2012 there were 2,243. That is about 20 per cent of the farmers gone in just five years. Now to be sure many of those farms are still in production as they have been amalgamated with another farm as the purchaser seeks to achieve further economies of scale. Nonetheless, it is an alarming figure and in my opinion illustrates quite clearly the severity of the problem many of our farmers are experiencing. The Premier has challenged us to add another 120,000 jobs in the agri-food business by 2020 and

Photo by Glenn Lowson also to double the rate of increase in this sector. This will be most difficult in horticulture with the current mindset of the retailers and consumers as it pertains to pricing and as well, government as it pertains to regulatory costs.

STAFF Publisher: Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers’ Association Editor: Karen Davidson, 416-557-6413, kdavidson@ecomente.ca Production: Carlie Robertson, ext. 221, production@thegrower.org Advertising: Herb Sherwood, 519-380-0118, hsherwood@cogeco.ca

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It is impossible for many of our farmers to absorb any more costs because they cannot pass them along to the marketplace. I know there are many who would say if you cannot compete or you cannot be profitable then

stop growing what you are growing, get out of the business. From a widget point of view I would agree, but we are talking about food production and somehow I think that’s different; maybe I’m wrong. The population of the world is expanding at a rapid rate and is predicted to be nine billion by 2050 and these people will all need to be fed. To do this, global farmers will need to produce like never before and Ontario farmers must be a part of that. I believe that as a society we must keep food production sustainable and I don’t just mean environmentally, it also means in a profitable manner, not to every single farmer but at least to the sector or we risk losing that production. For years we tried to grow everything for everybody but that was before globalization and a transportation system that could move produce around the world within 48 hours. Maybe we need to rethink what we grow here, maybe it will come down to doing only what we can do best. I’m not sure but whatever form it takes government is going to have to play a key role if we are to be sustainable. For governments, food production will need to be a priority and policies will need to be formulated with that priority in mind. It will no longer be acceptable for farmers and food production to be collateral damage to nonfood policies. For what it’s worth, it’s the way I see it.

ONTARIO FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2013 MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE Chair Vice-Chair Fruit Director Veg Director Director

Ray Duc, Niagara-on-the-Lake Jason Verkaik, Bradford Norm Charbonneau, Port Elgin Jan Vander Hout, Waterdown Charles Stevens, Newcastle

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Apples Fresh Vegetable - Other Tender Fruit ON Asparagus Grws’. Mkg. Brd. GGO/Fresh Grape Growers Fresh Vegetable - Muck ON. Potato Board Small Fruit/Berries ON. Ginseng Growers’ Greenhouse Greenhouse

Charles Stevens, Newcastle Mary Shabatura, Windham Centre John Thwaites, Niagara-on-the-Lake Jason Ryder, Delhi Ray Duc, Niagara-on-the-Lake Jason Verkaik, Bradford Mac James, Leamington Norm Charbonneau, Port Elgin Ken Van Torre, Burford Jan Vander Hout, Waterdown Don Taylor, Durham

OFVGA SECTION CHAIRS Crop Protection Research Property Labour Safety Nets CHC

Charles Stevens, Newcastle Harold Schooley, Simcoe Brian Gilroy, Meaford Ken Forth, Lynden Mark Wales, Alymer Murray Porteous, Simcoe

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 15 THE GROWER

PERSPECTIVE Local tomatoes in winter: no longer a fairy tale

OWEN ROBERTS UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH Naysayers who believe local food is mostly about smoke and mirrors – and surprisingly, some still exist, right here in Ontario -need only look towards Stuart and Esther Horst’s greenhouses in Elmira, where, yes, you can now find local beefsteak tomatoes and green beans. OK, they’re in a greenhouse. But so what? It’s been one of the harshest winters in recent memory, and people are dying for local produce. Whether it’s in a greenhouse, a garden or an open field, local is local. I learned about the Horsts’ green thumbs when I spoke last month in Guelph to participants in a local food initiative called Taste Real. Part of that discussion was about how to get local food stories in the media. My message was pretty simple: know your story, and contact a journalist. That’s about all it takes. Journalists thrive on relationships. Businesses thrive on marketing. When one reaches out, good things can happen.

After speaking to Taste Real, it wasn’t long before I received a nicely written news release – as temperatures hovered around 30°C -- with this headline: Taste of Spring: Floralane Greenhouse Produce Now Ready! Stuart, along with Anna Contini from FoodLink Waterloo Region had heard my suggestion. They knew a journalist couldn’t resist a tomatoes-in-winter proposal. And they were right. Floralane has an acre of greenhouses, and winter production is now in its 11th year. Following the consumer trail, the company wisely branched out into more value-added products with its own line of salsa. It will soon be adding a new pizza sauce, tomato-based soup and homemade ketchup to their line-up. Floralane will also be a part of Taste of Woolwich scheduled for April 7 at St. Teresa’s in Elmira. Federal finance minister Jim Flaherty had a goodie for companies such as Floralane in his recent Economic Action Plan. He said, in one short paragraph, a private-sector steering committee would be struck to lead a pro-Canada branding campaign, to help drive consumers at home and abroad to Canadian food. Almost immediately he faced criticism by some marketers and economists who think people buy food based on price only. I felt his pain – often when I write about the local food movement, I get messages telling me I’m nuts. “When I hear that term [local food] spoken so reverentially, I freeze,” said the latest. But I say when it comes to

branding food, Flaherty is on the right track. And almost everything else I’ve seen and heard lately suggests Made In Canada has pop. For example, in a report entitled Mapping Your Future Growth, the federal Business Development Bank of Canada calls "local" one of the top five game-changing trends. Local is also an extremely flexible term, which drives some people crazy but offers up a lot of flexibility. It can be far-reaching, associated with values consumers find desirable, no matter where they’re from. Wholesomeness, sustainability, quality, safety, nutritious, fairness and a sense of community are among those values. Do those values sell at home and even abroad? Absolutely. Beyond its borders, Canada has always marketed itself as being green and pristine. It’s our image, and it works (oilsands aside). Even in its embryonic stages,

the campaign has traction with farm groups. The Guelph-based Ontario Federation of Agriculture calls it a win for Canadian agriculture, and claims it will be a boost for farmers. So I hope you’ll join me in

encouraging Ottawa to stay the course. It should be applauded for this initiative, not criticized. Just like the Horsts should be thanked for growing tomatoes in winter.

N IO T C A F O E D O M NEW CITED IN APHID DEATHS.

www.uap.ca Western Canada: Ontario & Maritimes: Quebec: British Columbia:

1-800-561-5444 1-800-265-5444 1-800-361-9369 1-604-534-8815

PAGE 16 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

Sustainability: How can we spend so much time and money on something we cannot even define? BRUCE KELLY I may be showing my age here, but sustainability has been here before. The concept is not new. In England, King Edward I banned the burning of sea coal in 1272 after its smoke became a problem. In Europe, the Industrial Revolution created modern environmental pollution as it is generally understood today. The great factories of the day gave rise to the consumption of great quantities of coal, resulting in unprecedented air pollution and large volumes of chemical discharges. The first large-scale environmental law was passed in the form of the British Alkali Acts of 1863 which regulated air pollution and acid rain from the pollution made in soda ash production. In my generation of the 1960s and ‘70s, the environmental movement grew rapidly as Rachel Carson published the Silent Spring (1962) chronicling the impacts of the indiscriminate spraying of DDT. This era marked the emergence of “Environmentalist” as a profession, as National Geographic published monthly articles of sights never before seen by most people. Who could forget Jacques Cousteau, using a scuba mask, who explored the

environmental relationships between man and the ocean ecosystems creating underwater photographs never before available. At around the same time in India, peaceful protesters who wanted to stop deforestation started hugging trees. Hence the term “tree hugger” became known as a label of environmentalists. Did I mention the little invention called the colour TV, which allowed us to see these natural wonders in our living rooms and now instantly on the internet and in high definition. Another popular vision for the future in the 1970s was that with our population growth, we feared we would run out of food. In 1973 Soylent Green, an American science-fiction film starring Charlton Heston and Edward G. Robinson, portrayed a desolate future for mankind, suffering from pollution, overpopulation, depleted resources , poverty, dying oceans and a hot humid climate due to the greenhouse effect. This era painted a grim future for many at the same time as new technologies were making the dream of space travel a reality and the dawn of the electronics age we now enjoy. What went wrong with the grim prognostications? Or what went right is likely the better question. Some foreshadowed doom; the

This insect-eating flicker, a sign of a balanced eco-system, was observed in Chris Hedges’ apple orchard at Vanessa, ON. Photo by Glenn Lowson.

Green Revolution (1940 – 1970) was quietly transforming the food system and increasing agricultural production. Norman Borlaug, the “Father of the Green Revolution,” is credited with developing highyielding varieties of cereal grains, hybridized seed, expansion of irrigation and modern management techniques. Since then, science has offered even more opportunities with enhanced breeding technologies that may offer biological solutions rather than relying on chemicals and oil-based products. The critics of modern agriculture point toward the reliance on chemicals, synthetic fertilizers and oil- derived products and declare that they are not sustainable. This brings us to a difference of opinion on what sustainability is, what it includes and what are its measures of success. What is our time line on sustainability? One generation, two generations or infinity and what technologies are we allowed to use in the equation. Are the problems of today limited by solutions of today, or do we allow ourselves access to solutions we generate along the way as we have done since 1272 when we first took steps to save us from

dirty coal burning ways? At a recent talk on sustainability at the Ontario Soil and Crop Improvement Association’s annual meeting, Terry Daynard shared some seemingly conflicting definitions of sustainability and how agriculture faces challenges in moving forward on a topic where everyone seems to know what it means, yet whose definitions can be worlds apart. Take the definition as used by the United States Department of Agriculture: “Sustainable agriculture is the act of farming using principles of ecology, the study of relationships between organisms and their environment. It has been defined as “an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will last over the long term.” Then consider that from National Geographic, “Sustainable agriculture takes many forms, but at its core is a rejection of the industrial

COMING EVENTS 2013 April 2

ERME Mechanization of garlic growing

approach to food production developed during the 20th century. The concept of sustainable agriculture embraces a wide range of techniques, including organic, free-range, low-input, holistic, and biodynamic.” I agree with Daynard’s conclusion that this is why mainstream agriculture has been turned off by the term “sustainability” for many years. It’s hard to consider pouring unlimited resources into the issue of sustainability where we cannot seem to agree on the definition or what the measure of success might be. Yet not addressing sustainability flirts with extinction. In the long run, addressing sustainability is good business. The cost of doing nothing to ensure sustainability is higher than the cost of taking a few wrong turns along the way. Bruce Kelly is environmental program coordinator, Farm & Food Care Ontario.

Grape Growers of Ontario 66th Annual General Meeting, Club Roma, St. Catharines, ON 7 pm

April 2 – 4 Canadian Produce Marketing Association Convention and Trade Show, Vancouver Convention Centre, Vancouver, BC April 3

Ontario Agri-Food Education Inc. 24th Annual General Meeting, The Cutten Club, Guelph, ON

GARLIC & ONION PLANTERS

April 4

B.C. Grapegrowers’ Association Growers’ Day, Linden Gardens, Kaleden, BC

HARVESTERS

April 5

Food & Water First: Economic Importance of Ontario’s Prime Farmland, Royal Canadian Legion, Shelburne, ON

GARLIC SPLITTER

April 9, 10 63rd Annual Muck Vegetable Growers’ Conference & Trade Show, Bradford & District Memorial Community Centre, Bradford, ON

GARLIC GRADER

April 15, 16 Farm & Food Care Ontario Annual General Meeting and Conference, Teatro Conference Centre, Milton, ON

GARLIC CLEANER GARLIC BRUSH TABLE

June 10-13 FMI Connect & United Fresh Produce Association, Chicago, IL

GARLIC LEAF AND ROOT CUTTER

AGRI-DISTRIBUTION INC

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T: 1-514-817-9731 E: jp@adjm.ca. Official Canadian importer of Erme garlic and onion equipment

June 25

Alliance of Ontario Food Processors Annual General Meeting, Peninsula Ridge Estates Winery, Beamsville, ON

July 5, 6

Prince Edward County Lavender Festival, Hillier, ON

July 18

University of Saskatchewan Haskap Day, Saskatoon, SK

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 17 THE GROWER

RETAIL NAVIGATOR

Walmart’s march across Canada

PETER CHAPMAN Since acquiring the Woolco stores in Canada in 1994, Walmart has invested hundreds of millions of dollars in the Canadian market to grow to a total of 389 stores. Originally the company was opening stores that focused on general merchandise with a small food offering. Now all of the new stores are Supercentres with the same amount of food as a traditional food store, including perishables. Currently Walmart has 247 Supercentres and 142 Discount stores in Canada. Walmart’s fiscal year ends in January. In early February they announced expansion plans for

the upcoming year. Despite our over stored market, Walmart will spend $500 million in 2014/15 to open 35 more Supercentres. This will translate into one billion square feet of additional retail space. With plans like these, it is no secret Walmart needs to gain share from the competition. I always find it interesting when you talk to consumers about Walmart. It can be difficult to find people who say, “I am a Walmart shopper.” However, when you go to the stores, it is tough to find a parking space. It is important to remember that what consumers say and what they do can be different. There are four reasons for Walmart’s success: 1. Pricing 2. Assortment 3. Execution 4. Size There is no doubt they are among the price leaders in the markets where they compete. Discount stores can get lower, but Walmart will be very close. One of the challenges for the other food retailers is that, if they want to get aggressive with pricing in the discount stores, Walmart will go down with them. Then retail-

ers are forced to lower prices in traditional food stores, such as Loblaws or Sobeys or Metro. This can be a very expensive strategy, especially when Walmart is clear they will not be out-priced. The entire organization is focused on looking for opportunities to reduce costs and pass some of the savings on to consumers. Walmart has very good buyers of merchandise. If you have children, Walmart has what your kids are talking about. They also have functional items for you and your home. It might not be the best, but it usually works and it delivers value for a large segment of the population. They are also very good at timing with assortment. They have systems to understand what sells, where and when. They are disciplined about moving through seasonal stock, and when needed, discounting to get ready for the next season. Walmart gets things done, and they get it done at the right time. It is not fancy or high end, but in one stop you can accomplish a lot. They are the masters of interrupting the shop with items for you to put in the cart on the way through checkout. Greeters are not really there to be nice; they

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are there to give you a cart to fill up in your way around the store. There is a purpose with everything they do. In retail, size matters. Walmart’s annual sales for the year were $473,076,000,000 across all divisions. It is interesting to note that they did have negative comparable sales in the final quarter in the U.S. Walmart has stores in 27 countries plus ecommerce in 10 countries. They have the clout to fight a number of battles, and they have deep pockets to invest for the future as opposed to requiring a short-term payback. The other advantage of their size is the impact on the competition. It is daunting to compete with them and difficult when you know they will never give you price. There are examples where retailers have competed very successfully with Walmart, such as Wegmans in NY, H.E. Butt in Texas, and Trader Joe’s. One consistent thing with these retailers is that they have their own strategy and they execute it. My opinion is Canadian retailers have not defined their own strategy that will resonate with consumers in the market. They simply try to battle with Walmart. No doubt it is easier in markets where there are more people (like the U.S.), but we need to see some differentiation and great execution. Here are my top 10 considerations when developing relationships with Walmart: 1. Understand their philosophy of retail. You cannot change them so you need to know what they are looking for and deliver it. Make sure it is a good fit with your business. Do not assume it is not a good fit. 2. Walmart expects different things from suppliers than other retailers. It is important to understand what they expect as suppliers are a bigger part of the equation. Learn from others who already supply them; Walmart does not have time to teach you.

3. It is impossible to run their business without great systems. They have them and you need to ensure you have great data integrity. You and your item will get lost in their system if everything is not correct. 4. One component of the system is retail link. This is the supplier’s opportunity to understand forecasting and other information related to sales of the products. Use it and learn from it. 5. Be prepared to be challenged on costing if you see volume increases that are a result of your sales to Walmart. 6. Logistics at Walmart are very important. They have a lot to move around and they look for opportunities to eliminate cost with more efficient supply chain. Understand what they are doing and where you fit. 7. The best retail website belongs to Walmart. Spend time on it and learn from it. They use this tool very effectively. Use walmart.ca and corporate.walmart.com. 8. Watch who your sales people are calling on. Walmart does not really worry about it, but some of the other retailers do get nervous when their sales person calls on Walmart. 9. Do not underestimate the autonomy at store level. For a huge business they do give the people at the stores power to make decisions. They cannot list products, but they can be advocates for local items. 10. Walmart is the leader in sustainability. Make sure you understand what they want and how you are going to deliver it. Peter Chapman, a retail food consultant and professional speaker, is principal of GPS Business Solutions, based in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Peter works with producers and processors to help them navigate through the retail environment with the ultimate goal of getting more items into the shopping cart. pchapman@gpsbusiness.ca.

PAGE 18 –– MARCH 2014 THE GROWER

MUCK VEGETABLE GROWERS’ CONFERENCE, APRIL 9 - 10

An update on Stemphylium leaf blight MICHAEL TESFAENDRIAS, MARION PAIBOMESAI, MICHAEL CELETTI, JENNIFER FOSTER AND MARY RUTH McDONALD Stemphylium leaf blight is a foliar disease of onions caused by the fungus Stemphylium vesicarium (Fig. 1). The pathogen S. vesicarium also causes stemphylium leaf spot of asparagus (Fig. 2). There have been several research projects completed over the last few years trying to learn more about the prevalence and management of these diseases on onions and asparagus. Below is a summary of research completed in 2013. Onion disease survey in Ontario A survey of foliar diseases of onion was conducted in the main onion producing areas in Ontario from July 20 to August 23, 2013. A total of 19 commercial dry bulb onion fields in Chatham-Kent, Lambton, Simcoe, York, Niagara and Waterloo regions/counties located across southwest and central Ontario were assessed for stemphylium leaf blight, purple blotch and anthracnose. Stemphylium leaf blight, purple

blotch and anthracnose were detected in this survey. Stemphylium leaf blight symptoms were observed and confirmed in all of the onion fields (100%) assessed. Given the occurrence across the major onion growing regions, further research on management of stemphylium leaf blight is warranted. Ninetyfive per cent of the fields and 37 per cent of the plants assessed were observed to have visual symptoms with both stemphylium leaf blight and purple blotch. Similar results were seen in 2012 survey. In 2013, anthracnose was confirmed in 16 per cent of the fields, which was found for the first time in this survey. Results from the onion fungicide efficacy trials (Table 1) Field trials were conducted at the Muck Crops Research Station, University of Guelph to determine the efficacy of several fungicides for control of stemphylium leaf blight of onions. In 2013, disease pressure was moderate in onions with symptoms started to develop in mid to late June in the Holland/Bradford Marsh. Significant differences in stemphylium leaf blight severity were found among the treatments. All of the fungicides reduced

Treatment

Active Ingredient (s)

Rate (per ha)

Quadris Top

azoxystrobin + difenoconazole

% foliage with Marketable symptoms Yield (t/ha) 1 1.0 L 11.8 a 61.0 ns2

Luna Tranquility

fluopyram + pyrimethanil

1.2 L

13.0 ab

60.2

Dithane

mancozeb

3.25 kg

16.1 abc

58.0

Pristine

pyraclostrobin + boscalid

1.3 kg

18.9 bc

56.5

Fontelis

penthiopyrad

1.4 L

19.4 bc

52.0

Switch

cyprodinil + fluodioxinil

975 g

19.6 bc

49.9

Inspire

difenoconzole

512 mL

20.3 c

44.9

29.7 d

41.9

Check

1 Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD test. 2 Not significantly different Table 1. Disease ratings for stemphylium leaf blight symptoms and marketable yield of onions, cv. Patterson, treated with various fungicides, grown near the Muck Crops Research Station, Holland/Bradford Marsh, Ontario, 2013. Not all products are registered on onions or for this disease on onions. disease compared to the untreated check. Quadris Top was more effective in reducing stemphylium leaf blight with 11.8 per cent foliage with symptoms, as compared to Pristine, Fontelis, Switch, Inspire and the untreated check that had 18-29.7 per cent foliage with symptoms. Luna Tranquility and Dithane had similar effect on stemphylium leaf blight as Quadris Top. No differences in marketable yield or bulb size distribution were found among the treatments. However, onion yield decreased as the per

cent total leaf length with stemphylium leaf blight symptoms increased. Not all fungicides tested are registered on onions in Ontario or for control of this disease on onions. Quadris Top is registered for control of stemphylium leaf blight on onions at a maximum of one application when targeting this disease. Testing disease forecasting systems for onion (Table 2) Disease forecasting systems were tested and compared in field trials

to determine if disease management could be improved. Fungicide was applied in the onion trials following Botcast (the Botrytis leaf blight forecasting model), Tomcast with Disease Severity Value 20 and 30 (forecasting model for early blight, septoria leaf spot and fruit anthracnose), spraying following the first appearance of a spore on spore trap rods compared to a standard calendar spray schedule. For this trial, Quadris Top at a rate of 1.0 L/ha was used. CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

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APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 19 THE GROWER

MUCK VEGETABLE GROWERS’ CONFERENCE, APRIL 9 - 10

An update on Stemphylium leaf blight Treatment

Spray Date

% foliage with symptoms

Marketable Yield (t/ha)

Tomcat 30

Jul 12, 25 Aug 2, 9, 19

15.5 a1

64.5 ns2

Tomcat 20

Jul 3, 22 Aug 2, 9, 19

16.3 a

60.9

Calendar spray Jul 15, 25 Aug 2, 9, 19

16.3 a

54.9

Spore trap

Jul 15, 25 Aug 2, 9, 19

16.5 a

49.1

Botcast

Aug 2, 9, 19

17.9 a

45.0

Check

Not sprayed

23.7 b

44.6

1 Numbers in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05, Fisher's Protected LSD test. 2 Not significantly different Table 2. Disease ratings for stemphylium leaf blight symptoms and marketable yield of onions, cv. Patterson, treated with fungicide at different periods grown near the Muck Crops Research Station, Holland/Bradford Marsh, Ontario, 2013.

Fig 1. (right) Stemphylium leaf blight of onions. Initial symptoms on onion leaves consist of tip necrosis followed by small, light yellow to brown discolouration with water-soaked lesions. The symptoms of stemphylium leaf blight can be confused with purple blotch caused by Alternaria porri. Although both stemphylium leaf blight and purple blotch are managed similarly, it has been reported that stemphylium leaf blight is more challenging to manage than purple blotch. Fig 2. (far right) Stemphylium leaf spot (purple spot) lesions on harvested asparagus spears.

Three fungicide sprays applied following Botcast provided equivalent control as the other spray timings that resulted in five sprays. No significant differences were observed in marketable yield or bulb size distribution among the treatments although the untreated check and the Botcast model resulted in the numerically lower yield. Further improvements can be made to the forecasting models. Efficacy and disease forecasting trials for asparagus In 2013 trials, both protectant and translaminar fungicides provided control of stemphylium leaf spot of asparagus. However, differences in treatments applied according to the forecasting model Tomcast varied among trial years and locations.

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Future work in onion and asparagus Fungicide efficacy trials will continue to help with minor use registrations, as well; there will be more research to help with application timing. In 2014, various disease forecasting models will be evaluated to determine the best time to initiate spray programs for stemphylium leaf blight of onions and stemphylium leaf spot of asparagus. Because the same species of pathogen (S. vescarium) is causing these diseases in onions and asparagus, Jennifer Foster, PhD. candidate from the University of Guelph, is interested in determining if this pathogen can ‘cross-infect’ asparagus and onions (i.e. will S. vescarium from onion infect asparagus and vice versa) as this is an important aspect of managing these diseases. Stemphylium vesicarium isolates obtained from asparagus and onion from Ontario and Nova Scotia in 2012 and 2013 will be used to inoculate onion seedlings as well as asparagus to determine the host range, pathogenicity and virulence of the various isolates from different crops and regions.

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PAGE 20 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

ACADEMICS & RESEARCH

Kemptville College to close The University of Guelph has announced the closure of Kemptville and Alfred College agricultural academic programs by the end of 2015. Intake to these programs for both campuses in eastern Ontario will be suspended for the fall 2014 semester. The university has managed these programs since 1997. “We are operating in an era of scarce resources,” said University of Guelph president Alastair Summerlee. “We must make difficult decisions together with changes that minimize duplication and preserve programs that are unique and central to our mission.” While Kemptville College did mostly field crop research, its closure is still worrisome to horticulture. “Losing agriculture faculty and facilities at any time is not good because once lost, you don’t get them back,” says Harold Schooley, chair of OFVGA’s research section. “History and continuous field records become disrupted by other uses. Laboratories and greenhouses soon become unusable.” It has been many years since

Organization: Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers’ Association (OF&VGA) Organization: Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers’ Association Position: Executive Vice-President Status: Full Time Position Relevant Work Experience: Substantial experience in and understanding of the Ontario and Canadian horticultural and/or agricultural sectors, and understanding of roles, structures, and decisionmaking processes of government in Canada.

horticulture research was carried out at Kemptville but field crop and dairy programs have been active. The dairy program is being consolidated with that in the Guelph area. The fate of the land base used for field research in eastern Ontario is to be determined by the University of Guelph, the Agricultural Research Institute of Ontario and OMAFRA. It is important to conduct field research in the soils and climate of potential research use so it is likely technicians will continue to staff field crop trials. The faculty affected by this closure will have the opportunity for re-deployment at either Guelph or Ridgetown campuses.

“There is a positive side to this that should be considered,” says Schooley. “Yes, students will have to travel away from home for their education experience. But it will be enhanced by the wealth of experiences, idea sharing, quality of instruction and student amenities that are common to a larger critical mass of students. And faculty members -especially new or young faculty - will have the benefit of rubbing shoulders with more experienced peers, creating research proposals that win competitive funding, and drawing on a larger body of students for summer research assistants.”

Education Level: Post-secondary degree or diploma in a related area of study including Agriculture, Science or Business. Salary: Commensurate with experience Location: Guelph, Ontario with travel throughout Ontario and to other parts of Canada. The Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers’ Association (OF&VGA) has need of an experienced manager with strong leadership ability to assume the senior staff position of an organization that advocates on behalf of the interests of all fruit and vegetable farmers in Ontario. The position reports directly to the Board of Directors through the Chair, and provides strategic and functional support to the Board in carrying out its roles. The Executive Vice-President provides leadership to staff in operationalizing the Board-approved strategic directions and resource allocations. The position manages all aspects of OF&VGA administration, including finances, human resources and infrastructure. The Executive Vice-President also supervises the publication of The Grower newspaper, Canada’s preeminent fruit and vegetable sector publication. In this role you will:

Thank You! On behalf of CPMA, the organizing committee and the produce industry, we would like to express sincere thanks to all of our sponsors for their support of CPMA’s 89th Annual Convention and Trade Show. Our sponsors are an integral part of this annual event, going above and beyond to assist with the business, social, companion programs, and more. Their active participation ensured that the Canadian Produce Marketing Association’s 2014 Convention & Trade Show was memorable for all.

• Work with the Chair to prepare Board and Management Committee monthly meeting agendas, and ensure that background information is developed to assist Directors in their deliberations and decision making. • Provide leadership to the Board in developing and updating the OF&VGA Strategic Plan, including Vision, Mission and Strategic Objectives. • Work with the Chair and Board to develop priorities for lobby efforts directed towards government and the industry. • Act as the liaison between the Board and staff. • Provide leadership to staff in developing operational programmes and processes to deliver on the Strategic Objectives. • Maintain contact with key agriculture and horticulture sector organizations and individuals, and government elected officials and staff. • Participate in and lead lobbying efforts and events with the goal of decisions that are favourable to Ontario fruit and vegetable growers and the horticulture sector. • Coordinate communication with key media to ensure that OF&VGA messaging is delivered to sector stakeholders and to consumers and the public. • Oversee all aspects of financial management of the OF&VGA including initial preparation of budgets, financial reports and ensure that income and expenditure policies are followed. • Provide leadership to and manage OF&VGA staff, including recruitment, compensation and performance management. • Work closely with the Editor of The Grower newspaper to ensure that the publication is meeting the needs of growers and other target audiences, and that advertising and subscription revenue objectives are met.

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Post-secondary degree or diploma in a related area of study including Agriculture, Science or Business. Substantial experience in and understanding of Ontario and Canadian horticulture and/or agriculture. Demonstrated understanding of roles, structures, and decision making processes involved in influencing public policy decisions for the agricultural industry in Canada. Demonstrated experience and competence in business and/or organization management including finance and human resources functions. Strong leadership, visionary and communication skills with ability to establish support and credibility at all levels within and external to OF&VGA. Strong work ethic with sense of fairness, diplomacy, an open mind and ability to be flexible. Background in primary agriculture, either farming or working with farmers considered an asset. Please apply by April 18th in writing to: Personal & Confidential Deanna Hutton Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers’ Association 105 – 355 Elmira Road North Guelph, ON N1K 1S5 Or by email to: dhutton@ofvga.org

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 21 THE GROWER

So m any lay er s to love, you said. A nd we believed you. ’ d let u o y e v t belie ’ n a c e par t. w a That’ s why s u r t tea s e us. p e v e o m L o s ns. o i n r o u o y e r ’ We

Sucking pests like thrips shouldn’t come between you and your onions. Show your onions the love they deserve with the unique two-way systemic activity of Movento®. A Group 23 insecticide, Movento provides exceptional long-lasting residual activity, even protecting new plant growth for a wide variety of crops – blueberries, lettuce, apples and many more. Your crop demands the best. Learn more at BayerCropScience.ca/Movento

BayerCropScience.ca/Movento or 1 888-283-6847 or contact your Bayer CropScience representative. Always read and follow label directions. Movento® is a registered trademark of the Bayer Group. Bayer CropScience is a member of CropLife Canada.

PAGE 22 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

ONTARIO POTATO CONFERENCE

Sharpen application skills for liquid seed piece treatments Better worker safety and broader spectrum efficacy promised KAREN DAVIDSON For potato growers, moving to liquid seed piece treatments is a seismic shift from dusts. To make that transition easier, Gary Secor, North Dakota State University plant pathologist, has been on the Canadian speaking circuit this past winter, educating about the basics of good seed and handling. “Use liquid seed treatments as necessary,” says Secor. “There’s a different mind set required than using dusts because they must be used at ultra-low volumes.”

dust treatments can exacerbate soft rot decay if applied improperly. If cut seed is too wet from a liquid treatment, growers can still have problems. Find the right equipment to provide the recommended coverage volume.” Secor suggests that a Milestone barrel treater or a MAFEX spray unit work well. He also cautions planting into wet soil. Whether using dust or the new liquid seed piece treatments, best management practices should be followed. Many factors affect seed performance from the

young and free of disease. Examine the seed for disease. Field readings are necessary for mosaic virus which can’t be detected in storage. Less than five per cent of the tuber surface should show signs of Rhizoctonia and up to one per cent for Fusarium. There is zero tolerance for bacterial ring rot. “My personal advice would be to lobby for PCR testing of ring rot,” says Secor. There should be no powdery scab, but it is an emerging issue.

There is one per cent tolerance for late blight in Canada. When transporting seed, load seed gently so that there’s no entry site for diseases. Put sawdust on the truck floor and educate the truck driver. When unloading seed, be gentle. Pile newly arrived seed out of direct sun and weather, no more than six feet high. Provide humidity and oxygen while warming the seed gradually to 10°C. The most common cause of poor stands and emergence is

bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora. But be aware that seed treatments – dust or liquid – cannot control this damaging disease. Wet conditions are to be avoided. If air is cut off from the seed by a film of water, preventing it from breathing, soft rot decay from the lenticel-borne bacteria will begin and develop quickly – the warmer, the faster. “Liquids are coming,” says Secor. “They offer better worker safety and broad-spectrum efficacy.”

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Gintec is a world renowned provider of innovative growing solutions from the ground up! This cut potato seed has been treated with Titan Emesto. Photo courtesy of Bayer CropScience. Two liquid seed treatments are registered in the U.S. and Canada. Emesto Silver (Bayer CropScience) contains two fungicides which are combined with Titan, a liquid systemic insecticide, and Cruiser Maxx Potato Extreme (Syngenta) which consists of a systemic insecticide and two fungicides all in one seed application. Apply at very low volumes of water, i.e. 0.5 gallon product per tonne. Emesto has a red dye, Cruiser does not. “The application technology is the biggest challenge, the steepest learning curve,” Secor told 200 growers at the Ontario Potato Conference. “Growers must avoid wet seed. Both liquid and

variety (number and distribution of eyes) to diseases to storage temperatures. Ideal seed has been grown in a field free of disease in an area of northern vigour. It should have passed certification for mosaic virus and bacterial ring rot. Handle gently during harvest and store at temperatures of 2 to 4° C. “Physiological age is a measure of stress, health and metabolism, not time,” says Secor. “The more heat and handling that the seed endures, the more physiologically aged it will become.” So buy the right seed in the first place: the right variety for the right market, physiologically

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APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 23 THE GROWER

ONTARIO POTATO CONFERENCE

All eyes on aeroponics for seed potatoes

Large-scale in-vitro multiplicate

Aeroponic system

Tuber production in aeroponic beds

Tissue cultured plants are placed in aeroponic beds

Apical cuttings placed in aeroponic beds

Tubers harvested from aeroponic beds

Since 2007, Chinese researchers have improved seed potato production by 40 per cent with the finetuning of aeroponics. As the term implies, potato tubers are grown in air without any growing medium. He Wei, a researcher with the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, is leading this success story. Peter Vander Zaag, Sunrise Potato Storage Ltd., explained at the Ontario Potato Conference that the method confers a

number of benefits:

Large-scale private sector adoption is now underway. Aeroponics production has been proven in a 10,000 square metre space with an average of 5,000 tubers per square metre. Researchers have recorded up to 75 tubers per plant per crop. This is just one of the research projects that will be featured at the next World Potato Congress hosted in Beijing, China in July 2015

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PAGE 24 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

Miticides for fruiting vegetables JANICE LEBOEUF, VEGETABLE CROPS SPECIALIST, OMAF - MRA There have been several miticide registrations for field vegetable crops recently in Canada. To help you keep track, here are

some quick reference tables for fruiting vegetables. Spider mites are usually kept under control by natural enemies, but populations may explode when conditions are very favourable to mites or after populations of natural enemies have been set back by insecticide

applications. Some organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides actually cause the spider mites to reproduce at a faster rate. Remember to always rotate between chemical groups in order to manage resistance.

2014-15 Vegetable Crop Protection Guide available soon!

Field Tomatoes Trade name (active ingredient)

Chemical group

Acramite 50WS (bifenazate)

Unknown

Oberon Flowable (spiromesifen)

Group 23

Malathion 25W (malathion)

Group 1B

Malathion 85E (malathion)

Group 1B

Notes

Labelled pests Two-spotted spider mite

Contact activity. Good coverage of foliage is important. Quick knockdown.

Broad mite, two-spotted spider mite

Contact activity. Translaminar movement, but thorough coverage of foliage is important. An adjuvant may be used to improve coverage and control. Also effective against eggs.

Two-spotted spider mite

Registered, but not considered effective. Use of organophosphate insecticides can worsen twospotted spider mite infestations.

Two-spotted spider mite

Registered, but not considered effective. Use of organophosphate insecticides can worsen twospotted spider mite infestations.

ELAINE RODDY, VEGETABLE CROPS SPECIALIST, OMAF-MRA The Ontario Crop Protection Guides are revised on a bi-annual basis. Many people ask “how much really changes from year-toyear?” The answer is a lot! 1. New products! As new insecticides and fungicides become registered, the crop profiles change. There may be newer, better options to control your pests or to help prevent the development of resistant populations in your vegetable crops. 2. New uses are added to older labels. The success of the minor use program as well as joint Canada/U.S. minor use initiatives means that there are a significant number of new uses registered each year.

Field Peppers Trade name (active ingredient)

Chemical group

Notes

Labelled pests

Acramite 50WS (bifenazate)

Unknown

Two-spotted spider mite

Contact activity. Good coverage of foliage is important. Quick knockdown.

Oberon Flowable (spiromesifen)

Group 23

Broad mite, two-spotted spider mite

Contact activity. Translaminar movement, but thorough coverage of foliage is important. An adjuvant may be used to improve coverage and control. Also effective against eggs.

Field Eggplant Trade name (active ingredient)

Chemical group

Notes

Labelled pests

Acramite 50WS (bifenazate)

Unknown

Two-spotted spider mite

Contact activity. Good coverage of foliage is important. Quick knockdown.

Kanemite 15 SC (acequinocyl)

Group 20B

Two-spotted spider mite

Quick knockdown. Thorough coverage of foliage is important.

Oberon Flowable (spiromesifen)

Group 23

Broad mite, two-spotted spider mite

Contact activity. Translaminar movement, but thorough coverage of foliage is important. An adjuvant may be used to improve coverage and control. Also effective against eggs.

Malathion 85E (malathion)

Group 1B

Two-spotted spider mite

Registered, but not considered effective. Use of organophosphate insecticides can worsen two-spotted spider mite infestations.

Quality Seed

Quality Service

Figure 1 – Adult Two Spotted Spider Mite and Eggs

3. Pest control products are constantly under review by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency. Re-entry intervals and pre-harvest intervals may change as a result of these re-evaluations. In fact, the 2014-15 edition is almost two times bigger than the previous one! In today’s complex farming environment, it is often hard to stay on top of every new technological development. Let the OMAFMRA specialists take care of the changes to crop protection for you. OMAF's 2014-15 Vegetable Crop Protection Guide offers one place to look for the full range of current options. The Vegetable Crop Protection Guide (publication 838) will be available for purchase in early May at the Service Ontario Warehouse http://bit.ly/1cVA0Qa or at a regional OMAF-MRA office near you. For more information call the OMAF-MRA contact centre at 1-877-4241300.

Quality Information ~ Quality Seed Since 1881 ~

Henry Zomer (ON/MB/SK) 905-308-4396

Jim Robinson (ON/MB) 905-715-8595

Rob Hovius (ON/PEI/NB) 519-580-3231

Paul Banks (ON/NS) 905-688-4300

Leah Erickson (BC/AB) 604-957-2359

Marc André Laberge (QC) 514-984-4589

Laura Caralampides (QC) 514-984-0662

www.StokeSeeds.com s &AX 3TOKES 3EEDS ,TD 0/ "OX 4HOROLD /. , 6 %

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 25 THE GROWER

NEW EQUIPMENT

Mechanical pruning machine to reduce hand labour Ontario’s minimum wages are forcing more apple growers to consider mechanized tools. Werner Zurbuchen, for example, is now importing Fama CKP250 pruning machine from Italy. The machine attaches to the front of the tractor either by three point hitch or bolted to the front ballast. It is unique, says Zurbuchen, in the way that it creates a canopy shape from top to bottom of the tree. It has the option of several short blades which cut near the trunk to create light channels. This pruner cuts with a lopping action replicating hand lopping tools. The pruner will cut up to 30mm and driving speeds range from three km/h to six km/hr depending on branch density, size etc. The electronic joystick controls the movements of the pruner giving the operator a wide range of flexibility when pruning. Other manual adjustments can be made quickly by means of loosening and tightening clamps. The hydraulic oil requirements are 55 Lpm (14.5Gpm). If this requirement is too high an auxiliary hydraulic system is available with PTO operation.. The productivity times vary from orchard to orchard. “For us

having orchard spacing at 3.30 m by 1.20 m, we can roughly calculate it will take one hour to preprune one acre,” says Zurbuchen. The timing for using the mechanical pruner is important and will impact re-budding development for the following year. He will be testing this concept this spring. From the experience of some research stations and a few farmers already using the system, it is recommended to do the first at bud break. Nitrogen amount and timing needs to be considered seriously. Pruning too late in the season

along with a possible heavy rainfall may shock the trees into regrowth, resulting in the loss of many fruit buds and making more pruning for the following year. This practice is already being used in Europe. Results are showing that an early summer prune results in 10-15cm of re-growth, terminating and developing a fruit bud. The mechanical pruner is suited for high density plantings with low vigour rootstocks creating a fruiting wall. “It is clear to us that this will not eliminate hand pruning but

can reduce the work load by about 40-50 per cent,” says Zurbuchen. “If this can be achieved our labour cost for pruning will be significantly smaller. We will still prune all of our trees annually to make the corrections

needed.” For the future, a bi-annual hand-pruning may be needed. This practice will be tested in a few trial rows first before applying to the entire orchard.

AGRITOURISM Discover lavender in Ontario

The Purple Road

TRAVEL AND INFO GUIDE Explore local lavender farms, businesses, shops, and online stores. Discover Ontario’s most beautiful crop. Find Provence in your own backyard.

Visit www.thepurpleroad.ca

The Ontario Lavender Association has just launched a new marketing campaign at Canada Blooms, the country’s largest flower and garden festival in Toronto. The verdant venue is ideal for coaxing consumers to visit lavender farms through a travel and info guide: The Purple Road. The 15,000 brochures and social media campaign represent a significant step in promoting festivals, products and services throughout the province says Kevin Beagle, chair of The Purple

Ontario lavender growers rev up promotion campaign Road Committee and a grower himself. “For the last three years, we’ve focused on research and education,” says Beagle, referring to the work of 40 members. “Now it’s time for public outreach, to grow the number of lavender consumers.” Eleven members have

described their farms in a comprehensive brochure format with icons that communicate services. They may range from buses accepted to whether food is available or if plants are for sale. Some farms say that visitors can cut their own lavender or indicate that it’s a wedding venue or photography location. Some even list

that an apiary is also located at the farm. Several online businesses also participate including Stoney Hollow, Lavender-Blu and Flowers to Fragrance. To educate consumers about culinary uses, recipes explain how to make lavender-roasted potatoes, lavender salad dressing and lavender lemonade.

The brochures will be distributed to tourism bureaus, ON route service stations, hotel chains and bed and breakfast associations. For more information, go to www.thepurpleroad.ca or follow on Twitter @thepurpleroad.

PAGE 26 â&#x20AC;&#x201C;â&#x20AC;&#x201C; APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

CONSUMER RESEARCH

Exploring consumer motivation of eating vegetables SUNGHWAN YI Due to extensive efforts to communicate the benefits of healthy eating to the public, it is widely acknowledged that frequent intake of fruits and vegetables provides long-term health benefits. However, consumersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; knowledge of the health benefits of fruits and vegetables is not translated into consumption behavior. For example, although health authorities recommend seven or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables for adults, national studies suggest that only about one-quarter of Americans and Canadians report eating five or more servings of fruits and vegetables a day. The low correlation between knowledge and behavior is stronger in the case of vegetables than fruits, likely because vegetables require more effort and time to prepare than fruits. Following recommendations that fruits and vegetables should be targeted separately in health promotion, we focused on motivations for eating vegetables in our current research project. Although it is tempting to attribute a low intake of vegetables and other healthy foods to a lack of motivation, recent research released by International Food Information Council Foundation indicates that consumers believe that fruits and vegetables provide a variety of health benefits and a majority report making efforts to eat more of these foods. Thus far, existing fruit and vegetable promotion campaigns in Canada and the United States have been prominently focused on provision of health information based on the assumption that becoming informed about health benefits associated with sufficient intake should prompt consumers to comply. It appears that the ultimate outcome associated with the informational approach of health promotion is people fully accept-

Taste was found to be more impor tant than health awareness in influencing consumersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; fruit and vegetable consumption. ing the value and importance of healthy eating and integrating this into self, which is known as identified regulation in the psychology literature. Identified regulation is one of the autonomous motivation dimensions along with intrinsic regulation, which refers to engaging in the target behavior out of a sense of pleasure and enjoyment. The main research question of our consumer research was whether intrinsic regulation is more or less strongly associated with the consumption of vegetables than identified regulation. Furthermore, considering our previous finding that the frequency of preparing and consuming bitter cruciferous vegetables is substantially lower than familiar vegetables, we explored the possibility that the association between intrinsic versus identified regula-

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tion may be different between vegetable types. We conducted two-wave online survey with a consumer panel, which was stratified by gender, age and educational status to reflect the demographic profile of Ontario based on 2006 Canadian Census data. 610 panelists provided usable data for the two-wave survey. Participants were asked to answer questions about different motives of healthy eating, including intrinsic and identified regulation, as well as the frequency of preparing specific vegetables within the past two weeks. They were also asked to indicate how confident they felt preparing vegetable-rich meals in commonly encountered challenging situations.

Findings from the survey indicated that intrinsic regulation (i.e., eating healthily out of a sense of pleasure and enjoyment) was more strongly associated with the frequency of preparing and serving vegetables than identified regulation (i.e., firmly accepting the value and importance of healthy eating). Furthermore, we found that intrinsic regulation was strongly related with the felt confidence in preparing vegetablerich meals in challenging situations, whereas identified regulation was not. Thus, it appears that fully accepting the importance of healthy eating is not enough for people to prepare and eat vegetables; you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t beat the sense that healthy food can be as enjoyable as less healthy food. Our findings provide practical implications for health promotion. Given the predominance of public health promotional efforts that emphasize the personal value and importance of healthy eating to individuals, our findings suggest

that one way of increasing vegetable intake is to help consumers enjoy the taste of vegetable-rich meals rather than to have them consciously value their health benefits. This is consistent with previous findings in which taste was found to be more important than health awareness in influencing consumersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; fruit and vegetable consumption. Our findings suggest that new marketing campaigns for vegetables are needed that focus on enhanced sensory attributes and enjoyment of preparing vegetable-rich meals. Strategies could include, for example, offering consumers samples of delicious vegetablerich meals and then encouraging them to re-create these meals at home by providing easy-to-follow recipes. Sunghwan Yi is associate professor, Marketing and Consumer Studies, University of Guelph.

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 27 THE GROWER

CROSS COUNTRY DIGEST BRITISH COLUMBIA

Pop-up restaurant reels in greenhouse veggie customers Greenhouse vegetable growers launched BC Veggie Day on the first day of spring, with the Vancouver Art Gallery north plaza as backdrop. The innovative promotion included a pop-up greenhouse filled with plants and

‘good’ bugs from the Bug Factory, a farmers’ market, live entertainment and the first-ever pop-up restaurant: Earls Kitchen + Bar. Food trucks Verinicey Pankoras and Mangal Kiss were also parked streetside, adding to

the festive atmosphere. Media hits were guaranteed with local radio coverage and the offer of veggielicious prize packages.

QUEBEC

Apple growers seek more value chain cooperation Quebec’s deputy premier and agriculture minister Francois Gendron has challenged the province’s growers to increase fruit and vegetable production by 10 per cent within five years to put more fresh produce on consumer plates. He issued the challenge during Horticulture Week, before the writ was dropped for the Quebec election April 7. In a March newsletter, the

apple growers’ federation president Stephanie Levasseur says she reminded the minister that “despite the apple industry’s concerted efforts, we currently supply only 50 per cent of the market and we face giants such as the State of Washington and Chile in the fresh apple market, and China in the processing apple market.” Organizers of the consumer campaign known as Pomme

Qualite Quebec believe that a coordination model is required to help optimize value chains. This thrust requires agreements with major distribution outlets and the ability to collect and share market information. Retail sector participants are on record that they are ready and willing “to buy Quebec, but not at any cost.” Levasseur writes, “Why do growers’ margins have to be

reduced whenever talk turns to competitive pricing while retailers’ margins continue to increase? The cost of food increases and so does margins. Couldn’t there be a better sharing system? Everyone will benefit if all the members of the supply chain pull in the same direction bearing in mind the ultimate goal of increasing the share of Quebec products on the plates of consumers.”

NOVA SCOTIA

Build your brand with several touch points On the cusp of spring, Horticulture Nova Scotia and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada hosted a social media event in Kentville called “The Connected Farmer.” “Marketing in 2014 is all about relationships and creating positive customer experiences both in online and offline efforts,” says facilitator Nancy Beth Guptill, Sweet Spot Marketing. “An exercise that is very beneficial is mapping your customer touch points. A touch point is simply any point of contact you, your company,

BRITISH COLUMBIA

CPMA CPMA’s 89th Annual Convention & Trade Show takes place in Vancouver, April 2-4. By the numbers: • 442 - The number of exhibit spaces (10 x 10 ft) • 250 - The number of exhibiting companies • 9 – The number of countries represented • 44 - The number of first-time exhibitors • 29 - The number of new CPMA members, exhibiting for the first time • 52– The number of companies participating in the New Product Showcase • 118 – Unique international, national and local retailers registered • 2453 – The number of registrants to date

your brand comes in contact with customers, both existing and potential.” Sit down, put yourself in the shoes of your customers, and explore the world from their perspective. What are the opportunities your brand will come into contact with them? Growers are encouraged to map touch points from the perspective of potential customers -people who have never heard about your business before but are seeking out your products and services. Where will they stumble

upon you? How do they find you? What experience are you creating each time your brand comes into contact with them? Guptill says you also need to map touch points from the perspective of existing customers who have new needs or require re-fill orders. What touch points have you created that keep your customers coming back? How do you stay top-of-mind? How do you create positive experiences that keep your customers loyal? This exercise takes time but is worth it!

PAGE 28 â&#x20AC;&#x201C;â&#x20AC;&#x201C; APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

MINOR USE

Allegro 500F fungicide to suppress diseases on bulb onions The Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) recently announced the approval of an URMULE registration for Allegro 500F fungicide for suppression of purple blotch and Botrytis leaf blight on the bulb onion crop subgroup which includes dry bulb onions, garlic and shallots in Canada. The active ingredient fluazinam was already labeled on potatoes, Brassica vegetables, legumes, bushberries, ginseng, carrots, muskmelons, peppers and apples for several important diseases. This minor use project was

sponsored in 2012 by Fresh Vegetable Growers of Ontario as a result of minor use priorities established by growers and extension personnel. The minor use label expansion for Allegro 500F fungicide is a helpful step towards developing an improved pest management toolkit for these diseases in Canada. The following is provided as an abbreviated, general outline only. Users should consult the complete label before using Allegro 500F fungicide. Allegro 500F fungicide should be used in an integrated pest

management program and in rotation with other management strategies to adequately manage resistance. Do not contaminate aquatic habitats when cleaning or rinsing spray equipment or containers. Follow all other precautions and directions for use on the Allegro 500F fungicide label carefully. For a copy of the new minor use label contact Marion Paibomesai, OMAF/MRA, Guelph (519) 826-4963 or visit www.bartlett.ca/BartlettWeb.nsf or www.syngentafarm.ca/labels/

Crop(s)

Pest

Bulb onion crop subgroup 3-07A

Botrytis leaf blight, purple blotch

Rate (L/ha) No. apps / year 1.16

PHI

7 days

Agri-mek insecticide controls potato psyllid on potatoes JIM CHAPUT, OMAF/MRA, MINOR USE COORDINATOR, GUELPH

Crop(s) Potatoes

The Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) recently announced the approval of an URMULE registration for Agri-mek insecticide/miticide for control of potato psyllid on potatoes in Canada. Agri-mek insecticide/ miticide was already labeled on potatoes for other pests, apples, pears, caneberries, strawberries, celery, grapes and bulb onions for several important pests. This minor use project was sponsored in 2013 by Ontario Potato Board as a result of minor use priorities established by growers and extension personnel. The minor use label expansion for Agri-mek insecticide/miticide is a helpful step towards developing an improved pest

Pest Potato Psyllid

Rate (L/ha)

No. apps / year

1.0 L in 185 L water per ha

management toolkit for this new pest in Canada. The following is provided as an abbreviated, general outline only. Users should consult the complete label before using Agri-mek insecticide/miticide. Agri-mek insecticide/miticide should be used in an integrated pest management program and in rotation with other management strategies to adequately manage resistance. This product is TOXIC to aquatic organisms, fish and wildlife. Do not contaminate aquatic habitats when cleaning or rinsing spray equipment or containers.

Interval 2

PHI

7 days

This product is also highly TOXIC to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. DO NOT apply this product or allow drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Follow all other precautions and directions for use on the Agri-mek insecticide/miticide label carefully. For a copy of the new minor use label contact Eugenia Banks, OMAF/MRA, Guelph (519) 826-3678 or visit or www.syngentafarm.ca/labels/

Growing Forward 2 A federal-provincial-territorial initiative tive

Get Started

Apply NOW W for f Capacity Capa C Building or Implementation Program Funding. Producers in Ontario can apply for Growing Forward 2 (GF2) project funding by following 3 easy steps steps:: Need help? Sign up for Growing YYour oour Farm Profits and Environmental Farm Plans workshops or contact OSCIA Regional Regional Program Leads and W orkshop Leaders at Workshop www .ontariosoilcrop.org www.ontariosoilcrop.org

READ

ENROL

Go to www .ontariosoilcrop.org www.ontariosoilcrop.org to learn about program requirements and access resources Enrol in the GF2 program

All the information you need is at your fingertips. YYou ou o have from April 1, 2014 to May 1, 2014 to submit an application for the next intake of Implementation Program Funding. Applications for Capacity Building Program Funding can be submitted at any time.

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APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 29 THE GROWER

MINOR USE

Cruiser Maxx Potato Extreme seed treatment registered All-in-one liquid formulation protects against seed-borne disease and early-season insects in potatoes Syngenta Canada Inc. is pleased to announce that Cruiser Maxx Potato Extreme seed treatment has been registered for use on potato crops in Canada. The enhanced, all-in-one, liquid premix delivers a concentrated formulation that is simple and convenient to use and provides reliable protection from seed-borne

diseases and early-season insects. “With the launch of Cruiser Maxx Potato Extreme, Syngenta continues its commitment to bringing high-quality Seedcare options to growers,” said Nathan Klages, product lead, Seedcare for Syngenta Canada. “This new liquid pre-mix formulation provides growers with the ability to target both disease and insect pests with one product and the new concentrated formulation facilitates ease of mixing and

measuring with fewer jugs to handle,” Klages said. Cruiser Maxx Potato Extreme contains three active ingredients for comprehensive control. Group 4 insecticide, thiamethoxam, works systemically to provide broad-spectrum performance. In the plant, it is translocated via the plant's water-conducting system where it remains active for up to 100 days. Cruiser Maxx Potato Extreme also provides two powerful modes of action against dis-

ease - an important feature now that some strains of seed-borne Fusarium are resistant to thiophanate-methyl and fludioxonil. The combination of Group 3 fungicide, difenoconazole, and Group 12 fungicide, fludioxonil, offer a broad spectrum of control, including protection from silver scurf, Rhizoctonia control, and a second mode of action against resistant Fusarium. “Cruiser Maxx Potato Extreme is an excellent choice for growers

seeking an advanced liquid seed treatment solution,” concluded Klages. For more information about Cruiser Maxx Potato Extreme seed treatment, please contact your local Syngenta Representative, visit SyngentaFarm.ca or contact our Customer Resource Centre at 187-SYNGENTA (1-877-9643682). Source: Syngenta news release

Tree fruit herbicide now registered for grapes Bayer CropScience Canada announces the registration of Alion as a pre-emergent residual herbicide for grapes. Already trusted by tree fruit growers, the Group 29 herbicide provides long term residual control of annual grassy and broadleaf weeds. It prevents weeds from emerging by inhibiting the growth of the developing radicle in the seed germination zone. “Canadian grape growers will see the benefits of a completely new mode of action that provides longer lasting control compared to competitive products. This unique mode of action combined with its tank-mix flexibility makes it an excellent resistance management tool especially for glyphosate, triazine and ALS-resistant weeds,” explained David Kikkert, portfolio manager, horticulture, Bayer CropScience.

Alion can be tank-mixed with glyphosate, Gramoxone herbicide, and Ignite herbicide in grapes to provide control of already emerged weeds. It can be applied to established grapes of at least five, full growing seasons after transplanting and when soil disturbance is finished, including hilling and dehilling operations. Alion is now also registered as a tank-mix with Sencor herbicide or Gramoxone herbicide in tree fruit, in addition to the previous registered tankmixes of glyphosate and Ignite. For more information regarding Alion visit: BayerCropScience.ca Source: Bayer CropScience news release

Preplant potato seed treatment to be marketed by Engage Agro Engage Agro and Heads Up Plant Protectants (HUPP) have entered into a formal exclusive marketing and distribution agreement for Canada. Heads Up Plant Protectant is a preplant seed treatment registered for potatoes, soybeans and dry

beans. It is an elicitor which “turns on” the plants’ ability to fend off infection from various diseases. The product is derived from the quinoa crop, grown in western Canada. “It is nice story in that it is Canadian

invented, patented and produced,” says Ray Chyc, president of Engage Agro Corporation. “We are excited to work with Joe Dutchesen, HUPP principal, in expanding the products’ current sales and in working with the company to bring Heads Up to

additional crops in Canada.” Heads Up has both PMRA and EPA registrations, along with OMRI certification. Source: Engage Agro

New biological fungicide Bayer CropScience Canada announces the registration of Serenade SOIL, a new biological fungicide for fruit and vegetable crops, including potatoes, lettuce, onions, strawberries and many more. With a unique mode of action (FRAC Group 44), Serenade SOIL creates a disease protection zone around the seed and roots. The beneficial bacteria in the fungicide grow with the plant, expanding the disease protection zone and creating armor for the seed and the roots against common soil diseases such as rhizoctonia and pythium. “Serenade SOIL works unlike any other fungicide, colonizing the seed and roots to continually protect against harmful diseases,” said David Kikkert, portfolio manager, horticulture, Bayer CropScience. “Its unique mode of action offers growers a new tool for disease management, is exempted from maximum residue limits, and has a zero day pre-harvest interval.” Studies have shown that because Serenade SOIL helps activate the plant’s natural defense mechanism it improves root colonization, increases effi-

ciency of photosynthesis, and improves plant growth. As a result, crops treated with Serenade SOIL yielded a more robust plant and better quality

product. Serenade SOIL enhances the protection growers receive from their current disease protection program and its liquid formula-

tion allows convenient tank-mixing with both fungicide and insecticide products. For more information regarding Serenade SOIL visit BayerCropScience.ca

Source: Bayer CropScience news release

PAGE 30 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

MINOR USE CRAIG’S COMMENTS

Bee all, end all in no way ‘proves’ that they alone killed the bees, especially if residue levels were below or well below the former ‘no effect level.’ • Postulation and speculation were also added, but has little ‘proof’ to back it up. • The report offered no unassailable reasons for the other 30 per cent of the dead bees’ mortalities, either.

CRAIG HUNTER OFVGA I guess you know that you struck a nerve when the reaction becomes personal. Some folks cannot understand that freedom of speech is enshrined in our Bill of Rights! While their sentiment may be pure, their reaction leaves a lot to be desired. (There are doubtless others who have also wanted to threaten me for what I have written over the years, but bit their tongues or had a sober second thought!) I take exception to a personal attack rather than sticking to the (unassailable) facts that were presented. Facts can and do stand up for themselves. A truly scientific approach to ascertain these facts is something we should all strive toward. There are many practitioners of pseudo-science who also have great publishing/ radio/television skills. Can you imagine publishing some of this bumf (an old naval term you should look up) in a ‘prestigious’ journal that nonetheless no one has ever heard of? In these days of desk-top publishing, a ‘journal’ has much less meaning than it had in the past! Let’s put some facts on the table: 1. PMRA reported in 2012 that 70 per cent of the dead bees examined had residues of neo-nic insecticides. • That in turn means that 30 per cent had no detectable levels. • The report indicated the levels found, and but not what they considered (at least up to now) to be a discriminating dose that would actually kill a ‘healthy’ bee. In other words, while it may be fact that the residues were there, that

2. In fact, according to Statistics Canada the total number of bee colonies has gone up over the past several years, notwithstanding the reported kills. 3. In fact, Ontario has been able to ship increasing numbers of strong hives to the Maritimes for pollinating blueberries each spring (14,000 hives in 2013). This is contra-intuitive if the overall hive numbers here were seriously in jeopardy. (as has been intimated) 4. It is fact that the number of Ontario beekeepers actually reporting serious losses was about 50 in total. This is from a total of hundreds of commercial keepers and thousands of hobbyists. • How does one explain the variability of those with losses? There are wide differences in losses on a county and a township basis. (From serious loss to no loss at all) If the seed treatment insecticides are the one and only factor involved, does it not seem reasonable to think that ALL the keepers in the area would be affected the same way? (After all, if the seed treatment is the only factor, all the bees in the same proximity would have an equal chance to be affected) • What are the other keepers doing ‘right’ so that they are not seeing or reporting such losses? We could learn a lot from them. In fact the focus should be on what they did to avoid the bee losses and adopt those practices! 5. Scientists around the world have continued to make it clear that they feel there is a complex of factors involved in the bee losses. They suggest that varroa mite, tracheal mite, nosema fungus, and several virus diseases

Photo by Denis Cahill (in addition to pesticides) may also be playing a role. So too, some of the in-hive treatments to control them may also be at play. 6. In addition to those ‘external’ factors, another one keeps being downplayed- the loss of good ‘grazing’ for bees! Agriculture has increasingly gone to monoculture on six million acres in Ontario, with few hedgerows and little pasture or even weedy roadsides. It is no wonder that bees often have large amounts of sweet corn pollen on them in spite of its being a non-preferred source. They are ‘starving’ and looking far and wide, to their grief, for a source of nectar and pollen. It harkens back to when man was a hunter-gatherer rather than a farmer. It took all day to find enough to eat, and some days there was nothing. A bee cannot survive long under those conditions! As tough as it may be to accept, perhaps beekeeping may have to move out of southern Ontario unless keepers can secure safe and acceptable foraging (and drinking) sites for their honey bees. 7. If one were to postulate that something amongst the combinations above has led to a compromised immunity system in (some) bee colonies, then some things start to become clearer. If the general weakening of (some)

hives’ strength can be recognized, the effects of external factors on (some) bees’ survival becomes more understandable. • If bees with a compromised immunity system are confronted with another challenge, it may kill them at a dose they could ‘ordinarily’ withstand. • If ANY insecticide treatment was approved with a safety margin based on healthy bees’ ability to withstand it, that decision should not later be vilified if controllable factors came into play to change the bees’ immunity. • This should extend to the use of any registered pesticide, including in-hive treatments. Notwithstanding any of the above, I strongly advocate the elimination of any pesticide discharge into the environment that is not justified and sanctioned on a label. If that means devising a means to capture ALL migrant dust from seeders, so be it. I applaud the efforts to reduce dust emissions with a new carrier, but even those low levels still coming out are unacceptable and need to be dealt with post-haste. If crop producers need to be responsible for the things they control, so too should the beekeepers. Over the past 40 years there have been frequent concerns raised about pesticide effects on bees. Growers are made abundantly clear about their responsi-

bilities in government publications and pesticide labels. A great many (most) beekeepers do an excellent job of communications with neighbouring farmers such as hive locations, and covering or moving them when necessary. Many of the keepers follow ‘Best Management Practices’ for their bees, but not all! For example, if the claims that the seed treatments had killed bees in 2012 were felt to be valid, why did some keepers persist in leaving bees in areas where the seed treatments were sure to occur in 2013? Will the bees still be there in 2014? If all efforts to reduce dust emissions and to capture errant dust are done for 2014, and if bee kills persist, will there be any ‘fence mending’ done? (We know that in spite of the ban in France, bee numbers there continue to decline leading a thinking person to conclude that more must be at play than just the seed treatments). Currently there appears to be an ongoing campaign to ‘add gasoline to the fire’ to keep the ‘controversy’ burning. In the absence of new facts, it is remarkable what can be done by twisting those available! One has to speculate about underlying sentiments. Is there work underway to get a ‘claim settlement’? Is there a further agenda at work behind the scenes? Let us allow the scientific facts (all of them) to be discovered, and dealt with professionally using sound science. Let us not stoop to threats and innuendo. Let us worry more about ‘getting it right the first time’ than about furthering agendas. I, for one, am on no side and on all sides. We need bees for pollination and we need pesticide treatments to maintain profitable crop production. The enigma MUST be resolved so everyone can achieve what they need to survive. If we work together with facts, and stand shoulder to shoulder against those with an ‘agenda’ that is not in our best collective interest, we can achieve a solution we can all accept. Threats often don’t work. Collaboration usually does.

NEW mul -site fungicide with a broad range of labeled diseases. Virtually dust free formula on. Combines readily with dormant oil sprays.

engageagro.com

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE 31 THE GROWER

MINOR USE

Label expansion granted for Prism herbicide J. CHAPUT, OMAF/MRA, MINOR USE COORDINATOR,GUELPH The Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) recently announced the approval of a minor use label expansion for Prism herbicide (rimsulfuron) for control of labeled weeds on highbush blueberries in Canada. Prism herbicide was already labeled for management of weeds on potatoes and tomatoes in Canada. Access to weed management tools is a priority for blueberry producers and the label expansion of Prism herbicide will provide producers with a helpful weed management and resistance management tool. The following is provided as a general, abbreviated outline only. Users should consult the complete label before

BMPs for seed flow lubricant During the 2014 planting season, corn and soybean farmers will be required by Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) to apply Bayer CropScience's Fluency Agent to seed treated with neonicotinoid insecticides, such as clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid. Seed companies and local cooperatives will be the primary point of sale for the farmerapplied seed flow lubricant, explains Derrick Rozdeba, Bayer CropScience marketing communications manager in Calgary. The Fluency Agent reduces the dust released during planting and decreases the potential risk of exposure to pollinators. PMRA encourages farmers to use best management practices outlined by Bayer CropScience. These include reading and adhering to the pesticide label and seed tag directions, practising integrated pest management, developing and maintaining shared communication with beekeepers to help protect honeybees, recognizing pollinator habitat and taking special care to reduce dust exposure. In the spring of 2013, Bayer CropScience conducted largescale field studies with growers and major planter manufacturers, covering more than 40,000 acres of corn and soybeans in North America, including 13,000 acres in Ontario and Quebec. “It’s pretty simple really; easy to apply, a lot smaller quantity,” says Ed Benjamins, an Ontario farmer who participated in one of the Fluency Agent studies. Source: Bayer CropScience news release

using Prism herbicide. Prism herbicide can be used on highbush blueberries that have gone through at least one growing season and are in good health and vigour. Prism herbicide can be applied at a rate of 60 g product per ha as a single post emergent application with a recommended non-ionic surfactant at 0.2% v/v. The pre-harvest interval for blueberries is 21 days. Prism herbicide should be used in an integrated weed management program and in rotation

with other management strategies. Prism herbicide is TOXIC to aquatic organisms and non-target terrestrial plants, therefore avoid drift and follow buffer zones. Do not contaminate these habitats when cleaning and rinsing spray equipment or containers. Follow all other precautions and directions for use on the Prism herbicide label. For copies of the new minor use label contact Pam Fisher, OMAF/MRA, Simcoe (519) 4262238 or visit www.hc-sc.gc.ca/

cps-spc/pest/r egistranttitulaire/toolsoutils/labeletiq-eng.php Right: Photo courtesy of BC Blueberry Council/Tracey Kusiewicz

PAGE 32 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

THE GROWER

CELEBRATING 134 YEARS AS CANADA’S PREMIER HORTICULTURAL PUBLICATION

APRIL 2014

SECTION B

FOCUS: IRRIGATION

Computerized technology enables precision watering

Jason Ryder uses a low-pressure, Bauer irrigation boom to water spring onions near Delhi, Ontario. It will apply water evenly over the field and have less wind drift and evaporation. This system is much gentler on the plants compared to a high-volume gun. Photo by Glenn Lowson.

INSIDE SECTION B Managing spread of Phytophthora blight in irrigation water Page B4

Variable rate irrigation: a report on bleeding-edge technology Page B6

Marketplace

Page B8

www.thegrower.org

KAREN DAVIDSON Three issues are driving more growers to drip irrigation: water conservation, increased labour costs and the quest for higher yields of grade A produce. In the last two years, that’s been the trend observed by Ray MacKenzie, design and sales, Vanden Bussche Irrigation, Delhi, Ontario. “Orchards are more like vineyards today with high-density plantings,” explains MacKenzie. “Apple rootstocks need to be watered during the entire season because they are planted closer together – 48, 24, even down to 18 inches -– and that means the root mass is susceptible to drought conditions.”

“

The more automation the better. The idea is to spend less time looking up at the sky for weather and more time looking down to check soil moisture conditions.” ~ Ray MacKenzie

Along with drip irrigation comes the ability to fertigate. Across the board, vegetables, canteloupes, tomatoes and peppers can benefit. Applying small amounts of nutrients directly to the root zone allows for better nutrient uptake and less potential for leaching. With these benefits, growers are using drip irrigation for crops as diverse as pumpkins, onions, ginseng and even arctic kiwis in Ontario. For perennial crops such as asparagus, sub-surface drip irrigation is a worthwhile investment. Drip irrigation has the potential to save both in water usage and fuel bills. MacKenzie says that about 80 per cent of their clients use diesel-powered systems. The combination of using less water and pumping at a

much lower pressure results in greatly reduced fuel consumption. But if there’s a chance to use hydro, it’s even more costefficient. That’s difficult because ponds are often in remote locations. Electric valves and controllers are valuable devices to set regular watering times and durations. This saves both time and water by not over- or under-watering and reduces labour bills. Pump controls have grown in popularity in recent years. Variable frequency drives for electric pumps govern the speed of the pump based on a required pressure. Matching the pump speed to actual requirements will result in hydro bill savings. CONTINUED ON PAGE 3

PAGE B2 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

FOCUS: IRRIGATION

Symposium showcases water conservation initiatives MICAH SHEARER-KUDEL Farm & Food Care Ontario held a conference in March to wrap up its 2013 Water Resource Adaptation and Management Initiative (WRAMI) program. The symposium was well attended, with nearly 75 guests eager to know more about water conservation and efficiency research and planning in Ontario agriculture. WRAMI was an 18-month program that allocated $900,000 to 17 demonstration and pilot scale projects. WRAMI’s goal was to help Ontario farmers be better prepared for low water response, plan for drought preparedness and adapt their water use practices to cope with the growing impacts of climate change. Some projects included irrigation equipment and soil moisture monitoring of potatoes, sod, corn, tender fruit, grapes and field

crops. Attendees included government employees, private consultants, students and academia interested in knowing what innovative and new technologies and ideas are driving water use efficiency and conservation in Ontario agriculture. The symposium featured presentations about ten WRAMI projects as well as feature presentations from Chris Kinsley, manager of the Ontario Rural Wastewater Centre and John Vieira of Strategic Research Associates in Guelph. Vieira presented an initial look at a producer water attitudes study which is compiling information about how farmers choose to irrigate and how access to water impacts their perceived value of land. Jim Richardson, director of the Environmental Management Branch with the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, addressed the importance of

research and innovation in water use conservation and efficiency in Ontario’s agricultural sector. Several of the 2013 WRAMI projects will continue during the 2014 growing season to collect more data and evaluate their water efficiency efforts. Videos, photos, final reports and results of all 17 projects are available at www.farmfoodcare.org under the Environment button. In 2014, the Water Adaptation Management and Quality Initiative (WAMQI) will build upon the successes of WRAMI and broaden the scope of projects to include management of nutrients. Research projects for the 2014 growing season will be chosen by the end of March and will provide new research and innovation in Ontario’s agricultural sector. Micah Shearer-Kudel is environmental coordinator for Farm & Food Care Ontario.

CanadaGAP issues correction notice on testing water

Note the following important correction to the CanadaGAP Food Safety Manual for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables and the CanadaGAP Food Safety Manual for Greenhouse Product, Versions 6.2 (2014). This correction relates

to testing water used for cleaning. The requirement stated that water from a municipal source had to be tested when used for cleaning; this was an error and is not the intent of the requirement. In addition to this correction, clarification was provided in Section 15.1 that states: “the person responsible ensures the water sample is taken from the appropriate location (e.g., equipment, tap, storage, cistern/tank/container etc.)” The ‘main changes to the CanadaGAP manuals’ document, along with the updated versions

of the manuals, can be found at www.canadagap.ca/manuals/man-

ual-downloads/. For further details, contact 613-829-4711 or

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APRIL 2014 –– PAGE B3 THE GROWER

FOCUS: IRRIGATION

Computerized technology enables precision watering

High density apple orchard with pressure compensating drip lines

Diesel pump automatic disc filter and fertilizer injector for drip irrigation

Fully automated pump, sand filter, flow meter and fertilizer injector system for a 70acre, sub-surface drip irrigation system

Automatic pressure control on a diesel pump unit used on multiple Bauer booms CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 Similar systems are now available for diesel units as well, protecting the pump and saving fuel. These units may even include remote start and monitoring capability and tie the pump to a particular field for thief protection. “The more automation the better,” says MacKenzie. “The idea is to spend less time looking up at the sky for weather and more time looking down to check soil moisture conditions.” A whole range of soil moisture meters are now available. This tool works well when readings are taken consistently between 9 am and 11 am every day for comparative purposes. However, good intentions often go astray after about a week. “We recommend automating this chore, as well as readings

from a good flow meter, so that growers can monitor soil moisture every day from a central computer,” says MacKenzie. “This way, the operator can check that all valves are functioning properly, moisture levels are optimal for plants to thrive and that plugging issues or underground leaks haven’t occurred somewhere along the line.” Boom irrigation systems are still selling and have a much higher uniformity, and less waste, as compared to guns and sprinklers but do require more labour to move and to set up each run. Center pivots also are a highly uniform way to distribute water, and have a very low labour requirement to operate on a daily basis. However they are more suited to larger, regularly-shaped fields.

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PAGE B4 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

FOCUS: IRRIGATION

The potential for spread of Phytophthora blight of cucurbits and peppers in irrigation water ELAINE RODDY Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici) is a serious and complicated disease of peppers and cucurbit crops. Under the appropriate environmental conditions, infections can quickly spread and completely destroy a crop in a matter of days. Chemical control options are limited. They often provide only suppression and not full control of this disease. The disease Symptoms in peppers include crown rot, foliar blight, fruit rot and stunting. Initially, stem lesions are dark green and water soaked, later becoming dry and purplish-brown. Typically, the part of the plant above the affected area wilts (Figure 1). A brown discolouration of the vascular tissue can be seen if the main stem is cut open. Irregular water-soaked lesions may appear on the leaves, later drying to a tan or bleached colour. The fruit may develop water-soaked patches that shrivel and darken. A white to greyish mould may appear on the lesion or inside the fruit. Fruit typically shrivel, but remain attached to the plant. Depending on the type of cucurbit and the time of infection, symptoms include stunting, crown rot and fruit rot. The crown rot phase is the most destructive. Dark-green lesions form on the crown, girdling it and causing the entire plant to turn yellow/brown and die (Figure 2). Fruit infections begin as a large water-soaked lesion. Under humid conditions, a thin layer of white spores develop on the surface of the fruit. These spores resemble a fine dusting of powdered sugar (Figure 3). Spread and survival

Figure 2

Figure 1 One of the factors that make P. capsici so persistent and difficult to control is that the pathogen produces different types of spores, each suited to survival in a different type of environment. • oospores live in plant debris and in infested soil for long periods of time (three to four years). • sporangia are formed on infected plant material. They can become airborne, further spreading the infection across the field. In the presence of free water, sporangia may burst releasing zoospores. • zoospores live in water and can actively swim through saturated soils towards plant roots. They are also carried in flowing water and remain viable for several days in streams and ponds. Irrigation water studies at Michigan State University Mary Hausbeck, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, conducted an extensive study on the presence and potential impact of phytophthora in irrigation water sources.

In this study, her team placed cucumbers and pears in floating milk crates. These were placed in various different types of surface water, including: rivers, ditches, naturally fed ponds and ponds fed from a deep well. The fruit baits were left in the water for three to five days at which time samples

of infected fruit tissue were analyzed in the lab for the presence of P. capsici. P. capsici was most commonly found at the river and ditch monitoring locations, especially when the sampling location was adjacent to a host crop. However, the pathogen was present even in

years when the adjacent crop was not a host crop. It was rarely found in ponds fed by deep wells. The spores do not appear to overwinter in the water sources. The assumption is the spores enter water courses in the runoff from infected or infested fields. CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE B5 THE GROWER

FOCUS: IRRIGATION

The potential for spread of Phytophthora blight However, the study did not show a clear relationship between significant rain events and the presence of P. capsici in the water source. The study did indicate that irrigation from surface water is a potential source of phytophthora infection in cucurbit and pepper crops.

to support this assumption. Best management practices

Home-grown testing efforts Should Ontario growers conduct similar tests on their own water sources? Not necessarily. In the Michigan study, the presence of P. capsici varied greatly over the sampling periods. Even a high-risk water source may test negative one week and positive the next. Each test really only provides a snap shot in time and not a full picture of the relative risk. By the time the test results have been analyzed, the in-field situation will undoubtedly have changed. The lab procedure used by Hausbeck is labour intensive and expensive. It is possible that other methods of testing, such as immunostrips or water sampling, may be less expensive; but these

Figure 3 methods have not been thoroughly investigated or proven comparable to the lab results. The take home message from her study was: avoid using surface water to irrigate susceptible crops, especially if there is a history of P. capsici in the area. Deep wells, or irrigation ponds fed by deep wells are the safest

option. The Michigan study did not investigate ponds filled from surface water during spring runoff. If the pond does not receive additional surface water or runoff water during the growing season, it can be assumed that the risk would be low; however there is no research

• Drainage, drainage, drainage. Phytophthora thrives in wet soil conditions. Do not grow susceptible crops in poorly drained fields. Avoid planting into low-lying areas. Adopt production practices that minimize compaction. These practices include the use of cover crops, dedicated drive rows and rotation with deep-rooted crops. The use of raised beds improves drainage and will help reduce levels of infection. • Follow a crop rotation away from all host crops for at least four years. See the inset below for a list of potential host crops. • Do not over-irrigate, especially during harvest. • Remove all plants showing symptoms (and a border of surrounding healthy plants) from the field. • Clean all equipment and boots to avoid moving the pathogen to uninfected fields. • Certain pepper varieties have some tolerance to phytophthora. Phytophthora capsici - host crops While not all of these crops will

A program designed to help Ontario farmers with water taking permit needs

show obvious signs of infection from P. capsici in the field, they may act as hosts. Avoid growing any of these in rotation with cucurbit and pepper crops. Cucurbits – cantaloupe, cucumber, gourd, pumpkin, squash, zucchini, watermelon Solanaceae – eggplant, pepper, nightshade, tobacco, tomato Legumes – snap beans, lima beans, peas Others – beet, radish, turnip, swiss chard, carrot, spinach, onion, velvet leaf References • Gevens, A.J., Lamour, K.H., Donahoo, R., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2007. Characterization of Phytophthora capsici from Michigan surface irrigation water. Phytopathology 97:421-428. • Hausbeck, M.K., Granke, L.L., and Linderman, S.D. 2012. Phytophthora and Irrigation Water. Michigan State University Extension Factsheet. Ontario CropIPM – Phytophthora Blight of Peppers. www.ontario.ca/cropIPM • Babadoost, M. 2014. Proceedings: Disease Management Workshop – Phytophthora Blight of Cucurbits and Peppers. Ridgetown, Ontario. Elaine Roddy is vegetable crops specialist for Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food/Ministry of Rural Affairs.

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PAGE B6 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

FOCUS: IRRIGATION

Variable rate irrigation reduces production variability Did variable rate irrigation add enough or not enough to optimize tuber development? “Reducing production variability is the key to increased profits,” concludes Bronsch. “And while yield is important, quality is king.”

KAREN DAVIDSON Maps that look like a catscan of your brain are now in use for micro-irrigating potato fields. The first step to employing variable rate irrigation (VRI), these colour-coded maps prescribe the right amount of water for fields that are less than homogenous. VRI means that water is pinpointed so that individual parts of a field receive the optimal amount for site-specific soil and crop conditions. Just a handful of the VRI rigs are operating in Canada’s potato fields estimates Jeff Bronsch, president and CEO of Sunrise Ag in Taber, Alberta. But in his early learning curve, the agronomy advisor can see that tangible economic benefits may come from addressing field variability through water and fertigation. “Understanding the soil-water relationship is paramount,” says Bronsch. In a presentation at the 2014 Manitoba Potato Production Days, Bronsch demonstrated how soil moisture holding capacities are related to topography. “Not every sandy clay loam is created equal, at least from a water-holding capacity standpoint,” said Bronsch. The watering requirements differ for a sandy loam consisting of 77 per sand and 21 per cent clay compared to 46 per cent sand and 34 per cent clay. In his example, the first scenario has soil moisture capacity of 35 mm/30 cm but a great deal more of 52mm/30 cm in the second example. All growers will instinctively know there are differences, but until recently, did not have the technology to prescribe irrigation remedies.

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Variable rate fertigation, Data Driven Agriculture Bronsch can foresee growers planting differently under a center pivot, with perhaps a combination of table, chipper and Russet potatoes. That strategy in itself diversifies markets. The variable frequency drives (VFD) used in this technology can save both water and energy. The Ag Tech Center in Lethbridge has published some of the economics at www.farmingsmarter.com. Similar field experiments are underway in Ontario, where a significant portion of the province’s 38,000 potato acres is prone to low rainfall. Ironically, 2013 was the initial year for a variable rate irrigation project that coincided with plentiful moisture. That said, the project funded by the Water Resource Adaptation and Management Initiative

(WRAMI) pursued sound objectives and yielded some results worth pursuing another year. The first step was to compile a management zone map that depicts productivity across the field. Several spatial layers of information can be used to define management zones for VRI: elevation (slope), soil type and texture, aerial imagery (early spring/bare ground), existing yield maps. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), analysis between those spatial layers is used to divide the field into management zones that then form the VRI water prescription. This precision irrigation strategy is then complemented with installation of real-time, in-field soil moisture monitors at specific depths and locations

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across the field which roughly represent the GIS-defined management zones. Homer Vander Zaag, the participating farmer, says that the most labour-intensive part of the project is blending all the soil data into one field map. More work is required to define when to irrigate and how much in each management zone. Soil moisture monitoring could help in the future in terms of archiving water balance history and using those records to estimate when the crop is becoming moisture stressed. In his mind, the question will be:

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APRIL 2014 –– PAGE B7 THE GROWER

FOCUS: IRRIGATION

Two practices to improve on-farm water use efficiency REBECCA SHORTT Are you considering improving your on-farm water use efficiency? Do you know what practices are eligible for cost-share funding under the Growing Forward 2 (GF2) Implementation Funding Assistance program for producers? The following paragraphs outline my top two recommended practices for improving water efficiency – and they are both eligible for GF2 funding.

Importance of monitoring water use with a meter Knowing how much water you use is the first step to increasing farm water use efficiency. Installing a water meter is a beneficial step for any farm practice which uses water. A water meter provides an instantaneous reading of the flow of water for the application (e.g. irrigation system) and helps to diagnose if the system is operating as designed. • Higher than usual flow? Check the system for leaks, worn noz-

zles and malfunctioning valves. • Lower than usual flow? Check the system for plugging, malfunctioning valves and pump station performance. Monitoring the water flow from an application over a period of time, and tracking the total flow reading will help to assess the on-going water use from each application and will help you to evaluate new practices or equipment. • Assesses the impact of new management practices on the basis of their water usage. • Allows for an optimization of

water use by comparing the water use and associated costs of different practices. Under scenarios of climate change and where water supplies are stressed, a water monitoring program is the first tool needed to identify water-efficient opportunities. In addition to the meter itself, wireless transmission of the meter readings, loggers and software to graph the output are all useful tools to assist you in making good use of the data collected in a timely manner. Rebecca Shortt demonstrates soil moisture metering. Importance of monitoring soil moisture with an instrument

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Monitoring soil moisture is the key to getting the right amount of water to crops at the right time. The use of soil moisture monitoring equipment will benefit decision-making on all irrigated farms. Monitoring soil moisture and taking action to use the information provided in irrigation decisions will help growers manage soil moisture. Choosing the right times and the right amounts to irrigate can lead to: • Higher yields • Better product quality • Improved plant vigour • Reduction in disease • More effective use of water (water efficiency) • Reduced irrigation costs Soil moisture instrument demonstrations have occurred in southern Ontario and cooperating farms reported the following outcomes: • “My understanding of soil moisture monitoring has improved. I now know the field capacity, wilting point and my optimum irrigation trigger points.” • “Soil moisture monitoring helps me determine when irrigation is beneficial.” • “Now I know what is going on in the soil profile; before I was guessing” • “The soil moisture instruments taught me the best timing and quantities to apply; you can see the trends in the graphs to see if you’ve applied enough or too much.” • “From the soil moisture instruments I learned that I was not applying enough water.” In addition to the soil moisture instruments themselves, wireless transmission of the moisture readings, loggers and software to graph the output are all useful tools to assist you in making good decisions based on the data collected. Rebecca Shortt, is water quantity engineer for OMAF/MRA.

PAGE B8 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

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To advertise phone: 519-380-0118 • 866-898-8488 x 218 • Fax: 519-380-0011 SEED AND ROOTSTOCK

QUALITY FRUIT TREES • APPLE on M9, B9 and M26 • Peach on Bailey • PEAR on Quince ORDER NOW FOR BEST SELECTION

WARWICK ORCHARDS & NURSERY LTD 7056 Egremont Rd. R.R. #8 Watford, Ontario N0M 2S0 warwickorchards@brktel.on.ca Tel: (519) 849-6730 Toll free: 877-550-7412 Fax: (519) 849-6731

HELP WANTED VEGETABLE FARM OTTERVILLE, ONTARIO Older farmer slowing down, younger farmer needs grower. Year round position, must be able to do all kinds of fieldwork. Email resumes to denboer@xplornet.ca or Fax 519-879-6217.

ASPARAGUS

ASPARAGUS CROWNS Available for Spring 2014 Millennium Mary Washington Sandy Shore Farms Ltd. (519) 8753382 www.sandyshorefarms.ca

ken@sandyshore.ca

Reserve your ad space now for the May 2014 issue of The Grower. Call Herb Sherwood

519-380-0118 advertising@thegrower.org

PAGE B10 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

MARKETPLACE

To advertise phone: 519-380-0118 • 866-898-8488 x 218 • Fax: 519-380-0011 EQUIPMENT

ABOUT 20 NEW AND USED SPRAYERS IN STOCK

• VEGETABLE SEEDERS Planet Jr. ALL STAINLESS STEEL Made in Canada

** LOW DRIFT SPRAY TOWERS TO FIT ANY TURBO-MIST --- IN STOCK NOW ** Turbo-Mist 500, electric controls, centrifugal pump $8,500 Turbo-Mist 500, hydraulic controls, tower $12,500 Turbo-Mist 500, centrifugal pump, hydraulic, almost new $16,900 Turbo-Mist 500, centrifugal, low-drift Tall Spray Tower (new) $19,700 Turbo-Mist 600, centrifugal pump, hydraulic, good condition $10,500 Turbo-Mist 600, Myers, hydraulic, used only 3 seasons, A-1 $16,900 More sprayer trades expected to arrive during spring . . . call for inventory. Seppi SMO 200 flail mower, 6 1/2 ft, nice cond, new hammers $5,250 Perfect KG-220 Flail mower, (2011) A-1 condition $6,900 Perfect KG-220 Flail, good solid condition, new hammers $5,900 Woods 7ft off-set rotary mower, almost new $3,500 Apple Bin Carriers (5 - Bin) 3 in stock from $2,900 New bin carriers - discount for orders by end of May! ** All Turbo-Mist Parts in stock ** Seppi Flail Mulchers for Grass and Prunings ** Perfect Rotary Mowers & Heavy Duty Flail Mowers

D O N A RT H U R O R C H A R D E Q U I P M E N T (519) 599-3058 donarthur3@gmail.com Clarksburg, ON

Gaspardo

For Sale Cole

• CASH CROP PLANTERS

Conventional – Pneumatic (Air)

• FERTILIZER ATTACHMENTS (SideDressers)

• ROW CROP WEEDERS, ETC. • DISC HILLERS • SPECIALIZED ROW CROP EQUIPMENT Cultivator Steels, Sweeps, Hoes, Furrowers, Hillers, Etc.

- 4 Row mechanical plug transplanter with water tank assembly on wheels. Needs tune up - 53' reefer trailer. Good working order - very good 4 row RJ plug planter - plywood or slatted boxes for sale. Call: 705 793 9870

JOHN C. GRAHAM CO. LTD. DISTRIBUTORS 88 Erie Street North • P.O. Box 13 Leamington, Ontario • N8H 3W1

Tel:(519) 326-5051 Fax: (519) 326-0480 FLOWER BULBS

GLADIOLUS BULBS Wide variety selection for retail sales and commercial cut flower production Catalogue available upon request or visit our website at www.lmbolle.com

L.M.Bolle & Sons 813083 Baseline Norwich, ON (519) 468-2090 Fax 468-2099 email: lmbolle@execulink.com

MAY 2014 CONTAINER FOCUS Book by April 15

REAL ESTATE

ONTARIO FARM FOR SALE

FOR SALE Packing Equipment • 2 Lane Greefa Apple Grader – 4 Drop mechanical, polisher and receiving belt, 220V • Emplex Bag Sealer with 6” Conveyer • Kevian Speed Sizer (for baby carrots) • Barrell Washer for radish, turnip, potatoes, carrots Field Equipment • 2013 Hardy Commander 4400 Sprayer – 1200 gal capacity, 90 ft boom, steering axle, boom level control, rate control • Mankar Sprayers – 2 MD860, 3 Flexomant • Kongskilde S-tyne Harrow, 13’wide • TIVE Fertilizer Spreader – needs repair Greenhouse Equipment • Greenhouse Hoops – will form 27’ wide greenhouse • Hand Air Seeder – 25 inch wand, 115V Vacuum pump • Soil Blocking Machine – 6 row with air seeder • Trays – heavy duty mesh, 37” x 16” Other Equipment • Reel mower decks for Jacobsen Fairway Mower (5 available) • Mitsubishi Reach Forklift Model ESR36 For more information contact Vermeulen Farms, Canning, Nova Scotia 902 582 7806, info@vermeulenfarms.com or visit vermeulenfarms.com

99 acres of Very productive land North of wind turbine free Leamington. 1700 sq. ft. home with many structural and cosmetic renovations. Municipal water and good well and natural gas. 5 year old 48 x 80 pole barn with 20 x 48 livestock lean to, grain storage. Bring your tractor and your animals and your desire to live on a quiet country road. The possibilities are endless. Call 519-322-8065 or farmerdave@3dgathome.com

5 Acres in the Holland Marsh in Bradford. Backs onto the Holland River. Lovely custom built bungalow with a total of 4 bdrms, 2 kitchens, 2 spacious living rooms, 2 full baths, one with a Jacuzzi tub & sep. shower. Ground level suite with private entrance. Detached garage. Asking $469,500. Contact Clair Trozzi, Century 21 Heritage Group, 905-251-0976

319 Acres on County Rd 13, Adjala-Tosorontio, just north of Hwy 89. 84 acres currently being cultivated. Potential for additional crops, aggregate, home or agricultural use. $1,900,000 Martha Marton Realtor/ Sales Representative Century 21 Heritage Group Ltd. 855.99.2.SELL (7355) toll free 905.392.8980 direct 905.775.5677 x5319 office 866.657.6906 facsimile martha@martha2sell.ca www.martha2sell.ca

Reserve your ad space now for the May 2014 issue of The Grower. advertising@thegrower.org

APRIL 2014 –– PAGE B11 THE GROWER

MARKETPLACE

To advertise phone: 519-380-0118 • 866-898-8488 x 218 • Fax: 519-380-0011 CONTAINERS

CLASSIFIED ADS

IRRIGATION

Transplanter, one row " Lannen " 3pth c/w 150 gal. water tank. Stored inside,excellent condition $3,500. 905-531-9819 Potato Equipment, complete line of planting,harvesting, washing/ packing equipment suitable for growing 10-100 acres. Used last season,package deal @ $40,000. Call for detailed listing of all equipment. 905-531-9819 Turbo-Mist orchard sprayer for sale. Turbo Steer, 400 gal., 30” fan. Excellent condition. Always stored inside. Call 905-765-2027 For Sale: Gandy steel box row applicator with rubber rotor, capacity 45 lbs. Call 519-4588850. Kennco style sled bedder, $1250 obo. Decloet High clearance sprayer, late model, set up for sweet corn $4500 obo. Jacobs greenhouse walkway $4 /ft.Call 519-768-1590.

Turn your used farm equipment into cash.

CLASSIFIED ADS 866.898.8488 extension 221

Greenhouse and Field Soil Fumigation Custom made equipment for bedding, fumigation, mulch laying, planting, solid tarp applicators and equipment rentals Black mulch plastic . . . Embossed and U.V. treated Perforated Tunnels . . . Clear & white Wire hoops, row cover, mesh cloth field cover & drip irrigation. 1738 Seacliff Drive Kingsville, ON N9Y 2M6 519-919-1738 (cell)

REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION

KOOL JET

Reliable Refrigeration Systems

1-866-748-7786 www.kooljet.com Visit our website to view our complete line

One-Piece and Portable Skid-Mount Systems, HydroCoolers, Medical and Process Chillers, Blast Freezers, Vacuum Coolers, Refrigerated Dehumidiﬁers. Custom Built Designs • Domestic and International Markets

PAGE B12 –– APRIL 2014 THE GROWER

It’s like watching grass grow. Only it won’t. There’s nothing to see here. Nothing at all, except your healthy orchard. That’s because Alion® is hard at work. This pre-emergent broad spectrum herbicide stops weeds before they start, so you won’t see them all season long. Apply it once for complete residual protection against both broadleaf and grassy weeds including glyphosate-, triazine- and ALS-resistant weeds. When it comes to weed control in your orchard, there’s simply nothing better. Learn more at BayerCropScience.ca/Alion

BayerCropScience.ca/Alion or 1 888-283-6847 or contact your Bayer CropScience representative. Always read and follow label directions. Alion® is a registered trademark of the Bayer Group. Bayer CropScience is a member of CropLife Canada.