The Harvard Crimson - Volume CXLVI, No. 58

The Harvard Crimson The University Daily, Est. 1873 | Volume CXLVI, No. 58 | Cambridge, Massachusetts | Tuesday, april 23, 2019

editorial PAGE 8

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Cambridge has acted decisively and novelly to address cycling accidents.

Experts and advocates gather to discuss wrongful convictions.

Freshman thrower Sam Welsh eyes the biggest track meets of the season.

MCAD Closes Fryer Inquiry

By Shrea S. Avi-Yonah Crimson Staff Writer

A Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination investigation into whether Economics Professor Roland G. Fryer, Jr. sexually harassed and retaliated against a former female employee concluded in February by agreement of the parties, according to documents obtained

by The Crimson.

The former employee filed a complaint with the MCAD — which enforces Massachusetts laws forbidding unlawful discrimination based on traits including gender, race, sexual orientation, and gender identity — against Fryer, Harvard, and Education Innovation Labs Chief of Staff Bradley M. Allan a year ago. She filed alleging sex discrimination, sexual harassment, and retaliation, according to the documents.

The MCAD closed its investigation after the complainant’s lawyer, Monica R. Shah, signed the withdrawal form on Feb. 4. On the form, Shah indicated that the complainant had reached a “satisfactory settlement” with Harvard, Fryer, and

Students Travel to N.H. for CNN Town Hall

By Devin B. Srivastava Crimson Staff Writer

Allan.

Shah declined to comment for this story. George J. Leontire, Fryer’s lawyer, said the complaint was dismissed upon agreement of the parties, rather than settled.

Because the parties agreed to conclude the matter before the MCAD issued a report with findings, it is unclear whether the agency evaluated any of the conduct in the complaint.

The Crimson obtained the complaint under the Massachusetts public records law. Because that law does not permit public disclosure of the accused party’s written response to the complaint, it is not known exactly what Fryer or other respondents may have said in rebuttal.

Leontire wrote in an email April 9 that Fryer denies all the allegations against him.

“He has denied them from the inception of this matter except to acknowledge he made off color jokes which he apologized for to anyone who took offense,” Leontire wrote.

Fryer wrote a letter in the New York Times in December

See Fryer Page 9

Five prominent Democratic presidential candidates fielded questions about everything from student loans to climate change at a town hall Monday evening co-sponsored by CNN and Harvard’s Institute of Politics that featured an audience of young voters from more than 30 states.

United States Senators Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.), Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), and Kamala Harris (D-Calif.), and South Bend, Ind. Mayor Pete Buttigieg ’04 each spent an hour answering questions from audience members. CNN anchors Anderson Cooper, Don Lemon, and Chris Cuomo moderated the discussion.

Roughly 500 young voters attended, 200 of them from Harvard’s various schools. The town hall, held at Saint Anselm College in Manchester, N.H., coincided with the release of an IOP poll showing that more than a third of the voters in the 2020 election will be Millenial and Gen Z voters.

Prior to the event, students filled out an application that required them to submit three potential questions for each of the five candidates, as well as three

Students and press mingle with Democratic primary candidates after a CNN and Harvard co-sponsored town hall in Manchester, N.H . devin b. srivastava—Crimson photographer

general questions that could be asked of any of the five. Popular themes among the chosen questions included the cost of a college education and the burden of student debt, the looming perils of climate change, and

the Mueller report and its investigation into President Donald Trump’s ties to Russia.

All of the candidates spoke about the need to reduce student debt and make higher education more financially accessi-

Heat Week Begins with Demands for Divestment

By Alexandra A. Chaidez Crimson Staff Writer

A series of speakers took the mic at the Divest Harvard press conference kicking off Heat Week Monday. Divest Harvard member Ilana Cohen ‘22, was joined by high-profile guests. Sung Kwang Oh—Crimson photographer

At the start of a revitalized “Heat Week” campaign, students, faculty, and alumni gathered to call on University President Lawrence S. Bacow and Harvard administrators to divest their endowment holdings in the fossil fuel industry at a press conference at the Charles Hotel Monday.

Heat Week began as a weeklong protest organized by Divest Harvard — a fossil fuel divestment advocacy group — in April 2015. Hundreds of students and several faculty members blockaded Mass. Hall for a week, occupied the Harvard Alumni Association headquarters for two days, and blockaded University Hall multiple times.

This year, members of Divest Harvard planned a week of public actions, civil disobedience trainings, and panels about divestment activism. Heat Week will culminate in a rally entitled “Flood Harvard” in Harvard Yard on Friday.

The group organized the press conference to coincide with Earth Day, and invited

high-profile alumni, faculty, and environmental advocates to join their call for fossil fuel divestment.

Gina McCarthy, former Environmental Protection Agency administrator and director of C-CHANGE at the Harvard School of Public Health, kicked off the hour-long conference by sharply criticizing Harvard’s investments in fossil fuels.

“It is time for Harvard and other Ivy League schools to divest,” McCarthy said. “They know better. Get over it. Move forward.”

McCarthy also urged the Harvard Corporation — the University’s highest governing body — to align their investments with the ongoing climate change research produced by Harvard scientists.

“It’s time for Harvard Corporation’s investment policies to match the University’s commitment to science, to its scientists, to our shared values, our views of the students, the faculty, the alumni to put Harvard’s money where it belongs — in the future and not in the past,

See Heat Week Page 7

University, Law Review Reiterate Anti-Lawsuit Arguments

By Connor W. K. Brown Crimson Staff Writer

Harvard University, Harvard Law Review, and United States Secretary of Education Betsy D. DeVos continued to argue in a set of filings Thursday that an anti-affirmative action group, which has alleged the Law Review has discriminatory member selection policies, has not sufficiently proved it has standing to bring the case.

The group — Faculty, Alumni, and Students Opposed to Racial Preferences — initially brought the complaint to Massachusetts District Court in October 2018. They have since amended their complaint to include the Coalition for Meritocracy at Universities as co-plaintiffs. The groups claim they have members who are Harvard Law School students impacted by the member selection policies.

The lawsuit also includes allegations that members of Inside this issue

Harvard Today 2

FASORP and CMU are applicants for faculty positions at the Law School and face illegal discrimination resulting from affirmative action in Harvard’s hiring processes. The groups most recently filed in late March, reiterating their standing in the case, along with their claims that Harvard and the Law Review are subject to federal laws and have violated them. They argue that DeVos has violated the law by not withdrawing federal funding from Harvard as a result of its alleged discrimination Throughout the case, Harvard and the Law Review have independently argued the plaintiffs have not demonstrated they have standing to bring the case. In their January amended complaint, FASORP and CMU claimed that they had current Harvard affiliates who would be affected by the University’s and Law Review’s

See Law Review Page 9

News 7

Editorial 8

Gannett House, the oldest buiding on the Harvard Law School’s campus, has been home to the Harvard Law Review since the 1920s. Awnit S. Marta—Crimson photographer

Sports 10

Today’s Forecast

Showers High: 56 Low: 45

ble. Warren — who released her proposal to reduce student debt and to make public colleges tuition-free just hours before the town hall — said her plan would

See TOWN HALL Page 9

IOP Surveys Youths’ Concerns

By Jania J. Tumey Crimson Staff Writer

The spring 2019 Harvard Institute of Politics Youth Poll found that voters between the ages of 18 and 29 are experiencing anxiety and have increasingly voiced concern about the moral direction of the United States.

Conducted by the Harvard Public Opinion Project, the biannual poll surveyed more than 3,000 individuals nationwide. The survey also revealed that the youth vote will likely play a significant role in the 2020 presidential election.

While the poll did not find a significant link between anxiety and partisan affiliation, anxiety was correlated to views about the nation’s civic health.

Forty-eight percent of young Americans — irrespective of political affiliation — repoting having experienced anxiety within the 24 hour period before the poll was conducted. Fifty-nine percent of respondents who strongly agreed that “politics today are no longer able to meet the challenges our country is facing” reported experiencing anxiety. Only 29 percent who strongly disagreed with that statement experienced anxiety.

John Della Volpe, the IOP’s director of polling, said in a press release about the fnidings that candidates need to better understand the stress and anxiety that young voters face in order to connect with them.

“It is no secret that social media has exacerbated the stress and anxiety that is already so prevalent in the lateteen and early-adulthood years of young Americans,” Della Volpe said in the press release.

“However, for the first time, we now have evidence that the state of our politics is contributing to the mental health challenges millions of young Americans already face.”

In addition to high rates of anxiety, the poll found that young Americans are worried about the deteriorating moral

See poll Page 7

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THE HARVARD CRIMSON |

APRIL 23, 2019

PAGE 2

HARVARD TODAY

For Lunch Jerk Chicken Fusilli Alfredo Pepperoni Pizza Green Garbanzo Falafel Sandwich

For Dinner Chicken Stroganoff Haddock Provencal Spinach Enchiladas

TODAY’S EVENTS The Role of Asian Cultural Organizations on Campus 8-10 p.m.

IN THE REAL WORLD Trump Sues House Oversight Panel to Stop Subpoena

What do cultural organizations and cultural spaces on campus mean to you? Come and share your thoughts at this discussion hosted by a number of campus affinity and cultural organizations.

A Conversation on Memory Loss 7-8 p.m.

Interested in medicine or health care? Curious about how to take care of those with memory loss? Harvard Premedical Society’s Compassionate Care: A Speaker Series is hosting a panel discussion at Sever 214 featuring physicians and healthcare professionals. They will talk about the science and humanity behind treating dementia.

Bone Marrow Registry Drive 10 a.m.-3 p.m.

Stop by the Science Center and sign up to join the bone marrow registry.

Hosted by the Harvard Student Athlete Advisory Committee, this is your chance to potentially be a match and save someone’s life. The sign-up will only take a few minutes of your time, and the impact you can make is enormous! Plus, the first 100 to sign up get free Insomnia cookies!

On Monday, the Trump Organization filed a lawsuit against the Democratic chairman of the House Oversight Committee to prevent representatives from subpoenaing the President’s financial records. Last week, the House Oversight Committee subpoenaed Mazars USA LLP for statements relating to Trump between 2011 to 2018, leading to the lawsuit. Lawyers for Trump claim that the subpoena lacks legislative purpose.

Few students or tourists crisscrossed Tercentenary Theater on a recent sunny afternoon. Memorial Church stands out in the sunshine. ALISON CHEN —CRIMSON PHOTOGRAPHER

DAILY BRIEFING A Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination investigation into whether Economics Professor Roland G. Fryer, Jr. sexually harassed and retaliated against a former female employee concluded in February by agreement of the parties, according to documents obtained by The Crimson. The former employee filed a complaint with the MCAD against Fryer, Harvard, and Education Innovation Labs Chief of Staff Bradley M. Allan a year ago. In other news, Harvard students traveled to Manchester, N.H. Monday for a CNN and Harvard co-sponsored town hall featuring Democratic primary candidates.

ASOS Investor Loses Three Children in Sri Lanka Attacks

Retail billionaire Anders Holch Povlsen lost three out of his four children in the attacks on Sri Lanka this past Sunday that killed at least 290 people.

Povlsen, who owns clothing company Bestseller — the largest shareholder in British retailer ASOS — was in Sri Lanka on vacation with his family. The perpetrator of the attacks has yet to be identified.

Pelosi Acknowledges Efforts to Seek Trump’s Impeachment

In a letter sent to Democrats Monday responding to the Mueller investigation, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi stated that regardless of whether Trump is criminally charged, Trump engaged in “highly unethical” behavior. Some Democrats, including presidential candidate Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), have begun calling for impeachment hearings.

AROUND THE IVIES YALE

Over the weekend, local activists and community members continued to rally for Stephanie Washington and Paul Witherspoon, who were shot by a Yale police officer and a Hamden police officer early Tuesday morning, according to the Yale Daily News. New Haven and Yale activists marched for four hours, eventually protesting outside police headquarters. The protestors called for the YPD officer to be fired, immediate release of body camera footage, and restriction of YPD’s patrol area to Yale’s campus. The investigation is set to conclude early this week, and all relevant materials will be released.

BROWN

Members of the Brown Dining Services Student Management Team have voiced fears that recent administrative changes at BDS are not prioritizing the needs of student workers, according to the Brown Daily Herald. Recent changes include capping student hours at 20 per week, mandatory lengthening of shifts, and letting professional staff take over management roles previously held by students. Brown has not yet formalized a decision about supervisory structures, according to a spokesperson for the university.

PENN

Penn’s Interfraternity Council has established its first scholarship fund to reduce the financial burden of membership fees. according to the Daily Pennsylvanian. New members joining fraternities in spring 2020 will be able to apply for the scholarship, which aims to promote diversity and inclusion as well as assisy fraternities who offer their own financial aid. The IFC will offer roughly 10 scholarships to new members, depending on the number of applicants and financial need. All new members will be invited to apply beginning next

THE UNIVERSITY DAILY, EST. 1873

The Harvard Crimson Kristine E. Guillaume President Angela N. Fu Managing Editor Charlie B. Zhu Business Manager

STAFF FOR THIS ISSUE

Associate Managing Editor Jamie D. Halper ’20

Arts Chairs Kaylee S. Kim ’20 Caroline A. Tsai ’20

Design Chairs Elena M. Ramos ’20 Akhil S. Waghmare ’20

Associate Business Manager Amy E. Zhou ’20

FM Chairs Norah M. Murphy ’20 Abigail L. Simon ’20

Multimedia Chairs Kathryn S. Kuhar ’20 Kai R. McNamee ’21

Editorial Chairs Jessenia N. Class ’20 Robert Miranda ’20

Blog Chairs Lorenzo F. Manuali ’21 Trula J. Rael ’21

Technology Chairs Nenya A. Edjah ’20 Theodore T. Liu ’20

Sports Chairs Joseph W. Minatel ’21 Henry Zhu ’20

Copyright 2019, The Harvard Crimson (USPS 236-560). No articles, editorials, cartoons or any part thereof appearing in The Crimson may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the President. The Associated Press holds the right to reprint any materials published in The Crimson. The Crimson is a non-profit, independent corporation, founded in 1873 and incorporated in 1967. Second-class postage paid in Boston, Massachusetts. Published Monday through Friday except holidays and during vacations, three times weekly during reading and exam periods by The Harvard Crimson Inc., 14 Plympton St., Cambridge, Mass. 02138 Weather icons made by Freepik, Yannick, Situ Herrera, OCHA, SimpleIcon, Catalin Fertu from flaticon.com is licensed by CC BY 3.0.

Night Editor Jordan E. Virtue ’20

Design Editor Matthew J. Tyler ’22

Assistant Night Editors Aidan B. Carey ’21 Kevin R. Chen ’22

Photo Editor Sung Kwang Oh ’21

Story Editors Angela N. Fu ’20 Kristine E. Guillaume ’20 Jamie D. Halper ’20 Sonia Kim ’20 Luke W. Xu ’20

Editorial Editor Jessenia N. Class ’20 Sports Editors Jackson R. Delgado ’22 Amir Mamdani ’21

CORRECTIONS The Harvard Crimson is committed to accuracy in its reporting. Factual errors are corrected promptly on this page. Readers with information about errors are asked to e-mail the managing editor at managingeditor@thecrimson.com.

THE HARVARD CRIMSON | APRIL 23, 2019 | PAGE 3

ARTS ‘Toulouse-Lautrec and the the week in arts TUESDAY Stars of Paris’ 23 Offers a Peek into the Wednesday Artist’s Paris 24

TRASH NIGHT AT BRATTLE THEATER Each month, Brattle Street theater selects a new so-called “F-grade, sub-cult cinematic wonder,” for TRASH NIGHT. This showing is comedy-infused and encourages audience participation.

Brattle Street Theater. 7:30 p.m. Cost: $8

COURTESY OF MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, BOSTON

CLAIRVOYANCE “Clairvoyance, The Concert and Tree Planting” features artist Diana Oh performing original music from her own journal entries and honoring Boston’s edifices dedicated to Queer and Trans People of Color as part of her year-long residency at the American Repertory Theater.

Oberon. 7:30 p.m. Starting at $25.

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Thursday

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Friday

CASSANDRA LUCA CONTRIBUTING WRITER Picture late 19th century Paris and a cat poster might come to mind, advertising a product that many will forget. After all, the image’s style is the important thing: clean lines, black ink. People often associate the image with Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, an influential painter who rose to prominence when the cat poster was created (the actual artist is Théohile-Alexandre Steinlen, by the way). Although Toulouse-Lautrec himself didn’t create it, that piece and many others are on display in the latest exhibition at Boston’s Museum of Fine Arts, “Toulouse-Lautrec and the Stars of Paris.” The exhibit captures the full range of the artist’s talents, situates it all in the context of his life and those of his contemporaries — and makes a trip to the museum well worth the commute. Though perhaps the adage “quality over quantity” ought to apply to art exhibits, the MFA took these words too lightly over the past few months when curating many of its sparsely populated temporary exhibitions — but luckily, the same cannot be said for this one. Fans of Modernist French art should find themselves satisfied.

Toulouse-Lautrec is known for his more-than-friendly relationships with prostitutes, his alcoholism, and his posters that gave life to the at-times seedy underbelly of Paris.

Amid a sea of his contemporaries, many of whom were poor and could barely make a living on their artistic talents, Toulouse-Lautrec was wealthy and his family subsidized his intended path. Unfortunately, he broke his legs in early childhood and never quite recovered. Toulouse-Lautrec felt like an outsider for the rest of his life, which presumably led him to feel comfortable mingling with other “outsiders” in Paris.

The many sketches exhibited at the MFA, including a series titled “The Elles Portfolio,” are a testament to these close relationships: He depicts many women in intimate settings to which he would not have had access if he had not earned their trust. One particularly touching sketch depicts two women making a bed. It is unclear if they are prostitutes, but if they are, the act of making a bed humanizes women in an unforgiving and possibly isolating profession.

Though he died in 1901 at the age of 36, Toulouse-Lautrec was incredibly prolific, producing more than 5,000 drawings and nearly 400 prints and posters. The MFA’s curation is a testament to his wide range of skills: Sketches are displayed next to oil paintings, posters, and watercolors. For his posters, the medium for which Toulouse-Lautrec is best known, he used a technique known as lithography, which involves drawing on a slab of stone with ink or greasy writing implement. The drawing is then affixed to the stone via chemical processes. When pressed onto paper, the image is

the reverse of that on the stone. The MFA did a superb job of explaining the technique behind Toulouse-Lautrec’s artistic process. Certainly examining the art without background knowledge is possible, but the information spread throughout the exhibit, which also further contextualized the women he painted and befriended, was crucial for that extra touch: connecting to the art itself.

It is likely a distinctly American perspective to believe that bigger is better, but this point of view is particularly true for art exhibitions. An exhibition requires a certain number of works — difficult to quantify, but it’s easy to tell when there are too few works of art on display — to effectively paint a picture of an artist’s life, their technique, style, and interests, and the people they knew that perhaps acted as influences for their work. The MFA’s exhibition is no exception, and finally breaks its recent tradition of displaying a paucity of works while relying on their respective flashiness and star power to carry the exhibition. (Looking at you, “Takashi Murakami: Lineage of Eccentrics” — the walllength dragon mural might have been awe-inspiring, and the smiley-faced flower-patterned floor might have been an Instagram-worthy shot, but three or four singular works cannot propel an entire exhibition to success.) As for the cat poster that most people seem to recognize when they see it?

It was here too, serving as a delightful way to further demonstrate the influence that Toulouse-Lautrec had during his lifetime. The wall placards, furthermore, humanized a man who likely never felt comfortable in Paris’s upper class. He may have been wealthy, but it is doubtful that those just as moneyed as him ever let him forget about his height — four foot eight — or his health problems.

Frequent visitors to the MFA will be delighted to note that a permanent fixture from the Impressionist wing, “Antibes, The Pink Cloud” by Paul Signac, found a temporary home in this exhibition. Toulouse-Lautrec is not the only featured artist, though he is the focal point. Those interested in how others influenced him, or vice versa, can examine works by Maxime Lalanne, Auguste-Louis Lepère, Henri Rivière, and Pierre Bonnard, among others. That the curators at the MFA drew upon the Harvard Art Museums, their own archives, and other lenders, is a testament to the exhibit’s success. It showed their commitment to expanding the display’s focal point, which gives a visitor a pleasurable viewpoint into Paris, its (less-showcased and oft-ignored) inhabitants, and the artists who mingled with them to produce humanizing works of art that still have the power to move the viewer.

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SEMINAL VOICES The Harvard Dance Center presents a series of performances which explore new methods of choreography and composition.

The Harvard Dance Center. 7 p.m. Tickets $5 for students, $10 general admission.

THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK The Harvard-Radcliffe Dramatic Club’s The Diary of Anne Frank opens Friday night.

The play is based on the true story of a girl, who wrote her story from an attic in Amsterdam, where she hid to escape the Nazis during World War II. The Loeb Experimental Theater. 7:30 p.m.

Saturday

HARVARD COLLEGE FILM FESTIVAL KEYNOTE, AND SCREENINGS & AWARDS Adele Lim, writer of “Crazy Rich Asians,” will lead a keynote conversation about being a female Asian-American screenwriter and minority representation in Hollywood. Afterward, jury-chosen student short films will be screened as part of the 2019 Harvard College Film Festival.

Science Center A. 3:30-5:30 p.m. Free.

Sunday

BACH SOCIETY ORCHESTRA: SONGS OF HIAWATHA As part of their season finale, the Bach Society Orchestra is performing two works: Samuel Coleridge-Taylor’s “Hiawatha Overture” and Antonin Dvorak’s iconic “Symphony No. 9.” Intending to make classical music accessible to all, the concert will be free!

Paine Hall. 1 p.m. Free.

MOnday

ART IN BLOOM Each spring, the Museum of Fine Arts fills its galleries with dramatic flower arrangements in celebration of the season. The event includes demonstrations and tours of both the flower-filled galleries and the grounds.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 10:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. Free for Harvard Undergraduates.

23 april 2019 | Vol CXLVI, ISSUE x Arts Chairs Kaylee S. Kim ‘20 Caroline A. Tsai ’20

Editor Associates Liana E. Chow ‘21 Aline G. Damas ’20 Danielle L. Eisenman ‘21

Iris M. Lewis ‘21 Claire N. Park ‘20 Isabel C. Ruehl ‘20 Allison J. Scharmann ‘21 Caroline E. Tew ’20 Shruthi Venkata ‘22 Lucy Wang ’20

Executive Designer Mireya C. Arango ‘20

Design Associates Amanda Stetz ‘22

Executive Photographers Kathryn S. Kuhar ‘20 Zennie L. Wey ‘20

THE HARVARD CRIMSON | APRIL 23, 2019 | PAGE 4

ARTS

COLUMN

CARLA E. TROCONIS

Striving for Divine Power in Darkness CARLA E TROCONIS CONTRIBUTING WRITER

Sundays were Luciana’s favorite days. In her memory, the most important events have always happened on Sunday.

The Sunday her first daughter was born, Luciana asked the nurse in her miniscule hospital room for a Bible and took mass there, eyelids half open and undulating between the reality of starched bed sheets and the hazy lighting of her unconscious.

Her mother died on a Sunday, worn wood rosary beads trembling on parched, diseased lips as they sang in croaking melody her final song of penitence. Just 15 years old, Luciana still remembers feeling the veins in her small hands, trying to find God in the blue green branches stretching across her mother’s holy skin.

Sundays. Her mother died mourning the life of a bastard child beginning and her daughter choked her first breaths while a breathless girl was born in the room next door.

Death to birth to passing to resurrection, together in a dizzying cycle.

This Sunday, Luciana sits in the fourth pew from the front, left side, of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Doral, Florida. She clutches her mother’s rosary, daintily manicured fingers swiping in a halting merengue over the araguaney wood.

“Children of God.” Luciana’s hazel eyes, encircled by thin laugh lines, stare raptly at the bald-headed man draped in ornamental white at the front of the church. She sees nothing else.

“Brothers and Sisters in Worship and in Venezuela’s Eyes.”

The church is filled with light, fluorescent beams intersecting stained glass mosaics and birthing fantastical shows of dancing color. They remind Luciana of the crisscrossing reds, pinks, and blues of the Iglesia de Santisima Trinidad in Caracas.

“Today we mourn our people as they wait in darkness after five days. We pray that God illuminate their lives and end these blackouts. We pray for electricity, that God may provide for them what the dictatorship takes. The Lord tells us—” God whispers and, before Luciana can tear her eyes from Padre Rivera, the church goes dark.

Luciana’s first thought is that she has gone blind. She blinks, clutches her rosary tighter, and then registers the chaos surrounding her.

Screams melt into sobs melt into babies’ warbled cries until everything intertwines in a sickening audial portrait, notes of tortured ghouls and wailing mothers the same in a landscape suggesting coupled brushstrokes of Dali and Goya.

“Maria? Maria, dónde estás?!”

“Coño, esto es, es el final del mundo.”

“Dios, por favor, no hagas como en Maracaibo.”

Luciana stumbles to her feet, hands reaching out to hold the wooden pews in front of her. She feels movement on all sides, bodies pushing and thrashing and assaulting so she stops feeling where her hips begin and the woman’s next to her end, which is her hand, where is the rosary, God please, don’t let me lose this rosary, this is all I have, not my mother’s rosary.

There is a sound like a firecracker and then, the heat comes. Heat so heavy it weighs on Luciana’s shoulders, a cross made of her country’s sins, heat that rivals the worst days in the barrios of Petare and tells Luciana at once where she is.The thought stands more solid than any she has ever had.

Caracas once again.

On her left, Luciana hears the crashing of glass and men’s strained voices. There are curses and leaping yells, sound of desperation so grotesque she can feel the stretched veins and splintering vocal chords.

More screams, feminine, and a litany of “no”s. Somewhere, Luciana swears she can hear the beginning of a plea, to God or to looters or to the deity that unites both, as a man rattles off facts faster than the best radio host.

“Please, please, we’ve had this store since 1975, we’re never looking for trouble, please, I have a daughter and a granddaughter, please, this is everything I have, I —” The group of men’s voices, hyenas with snapping jaws, crash and rise, and the lone objector goes mute with a thud.

On her right, a voice wavers like a candle in its last minutes of flame. It is riding waves of melody, unsteady sailboat in search of music but always falling short as the hull runs ashore on the dried seas of its dehydrated body. Luciana clutches her pew harder, standing still and straight while surrounded by motion in some kind of sick miracle.

The voice crests and finally, she can make out the words.

“Yo nací en esta ribera del Arauca vibrador, soy hermana de la espuma, de las garzas, de las rosas y del sol.”

The voice repeats the verse and is joined by another, incoherent and hungry and yearning. A cry rises in pitch and volume and Luciana tries to make out the llanero lullaby, only single words trickling out before being drowned by the insistent lament of a child destined for death in the throes of starvation.

Luciana pushes herself to find the melody again.

Yo nací en esta — Child’s cries grow and become the frenzied pants of the hyena men.

Yo nací — Find the melody, Luciana.

Yo — Zigzag laughs blend with the sounds of crashing glass, the baby’s cry underscoring all in a frantic dissonance that give Luciana death, only death, where is the birth, it is Sunday, death always comes with birth, where is it God, please, how can you give me a country constantly dying, how much death can I take before I follow in suit, diving into hyena screaming jungles, plagued by bursting bellies of air and colectivo guns prodding where they shouldn’t and darkness, stretching darkness, where are the lights, when will they come back, too much heat, heat and darkness and pain and hell.

Another firecracker yell and then, silence.

It is no longer hot and she is no longer in hell. As Luciana registers the concerned faces hovering over her, feels the carpeted ground of the church beneath her spine, she wonders if Sundays will ever be her favorites again.

Contributing writer Carla E. Troconis’ column, “Ni Aquí Ni Allá,” fictionalizes political developments in Venezuela from the past year through the eyes of the diaspora.

TV

‘Game of Thrones’ Second Episode: Touching, But Now They All Must Die CAROLINE E. TEW STAFF WRITER OURTESY OF HELEN SLOAN/HBO

“We’re all going to die. But at least we’ll die together,” Tormund Giantsbane says on the eve of the great battle against the White Walkers. And yet, not a single character dies in this episode. For a show that so mercilessly kills off important characters, it is shocking that two straight episodes in arguably the most important season of both have a nonexistent body count. Instead of the epic battle against the Night King — which the preview for this episode heavily implied would begin — this episode let all the characters gathered at Winterfell have their heartwarming moments. However, unless a high percentage of characters are killed in the coming battle, this actionless hour parading our favorite characters across the stage will feel like a waste.

To be fair, this episode — “A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms” — had its share of emotional moments. For one, it was a banner hour for Jaime Lannister as he arrives in Winterfell to fight the dead, despite Cersei’s threats. The episode begins as Jaime stands trial in front of Sansa, Jon, and Daenerys. When Tyrion’s appeal for his brother fails, it is Brienne who steps up and vouches for Jaime in honor of the indescribable camaraderie the two share.

Later, Jaime apologizes to Bran for pushing him out of a window all those years ago. Bran accepts his apology but tells him, “You weren’t sorry then,” reminding viewers just how much character development Jaime has undergone since his horrible actions in the very first episode.

And one can’t talk about this episode without addressing the countless instances of female power that resonate throughout it. For one, the episode begins with two women and just one man seated at the table, making decisions. Lady Mormont, just a child, insists on fighting with the rest of the soldiers when the dead come. A little girl tells Sir Davos that she wants to fight, and Sir Davos tells her she must be brave and stay back to defend the women and children. Arya impresses Gendry with her fighting abilities, and then sleeps with him. Brienne is knighted by Jaime, becoming Sir Brienne of Tarth, Knight of the Seven Kingdoms. But most importantly, Sansa and Daenerys discuss what it is like to

rule over men (particularly men who have trouble taking orders from women). However, before the two women can get too sentimental, Sansa asks the million dollar question: Who will rule the North when Daenerys takes the Iron Throne? The women in Westeros are not afraid to fight tooth and nail, but Sansa makes it clear that they are each fighting their own battle for their own reasons and that she will not kneel to Daenerys simply because she is a fellow woman.

Luckily, the strange levity that permeated through the previous episode is nowhere to be found in this one. Instead, the tone is quite somber as the characters spend what very well may be their last night alive. Because of the impending battle, all of the important characters get screen time as they tie up any loose ends: Podrick passes the evening with his two mentors Tyrion and Brienne, while Sir Jorah apologizes to Daenerys once again and vouches for Tyrion’s cleverness. Despite all of these heartfelt moments, there was absolutely no action in this episode. On one hand, it is nice to have one last hurrah with all our favorite characters before they go off to die. On the other, this lack of action feels like a cruel joke after the preview so heavily implied the battle was going to be taking place in this episode.

The only justification for such an inactive hour would be if many of the characters who were given screen time to set things right are then killed in the upcoming battle. If favorites die, the last moments depicted in this episode will resonate more deeply and make their deaths more meaningful. However, if the pattern of a 100 percent survival rate continues into the next episode, this entire hour was a waste. After two episodes of inactivity, “Game of Thrones” owes us a battle. And after the hour we just watched, it better be bloody.

Caroline E. Tew can be reached at caroline.tew@thecrimson.com. Follow her on Twitter @caroline_tew

ARTS

THE HARVARD CRIMSON | APRIL 23, 2019 | PAGE 5

THEATER

Even Though ‘Venezuela’ Repeats, Don’t Look Away JESS L. ENG CONTRIBUTING WRITER COURTESY OF ROBERT TORRES

Watch any outstanding performance, and you’re bound to want to see it again. Especially in a meticulous dance performance with imperceptible gestures and surprising sounds, movement can become easily overwhelming and fleeting for the viewer, making the idea of a rewatch all the more enticing.

In Batsheva’s Celebrity Boston debut of “Venezuela” at the Boch Center Shubert Theater on April 5, audience members had the lucky opportunity to watch the same performance twice. Choreographed by Batsheva’s former artistic director Ohad Naharin, the 40-minute show runs two times back-toback. With this stunning performance, Batsheva proves that structuring dance in repeated sections can evoke vivid imagery and foster previously unexplored conversations between different cultures and nationalities.

Similar to Naharin’s other choreographed performances, “Venezuela” breaks down into distinct sections within the 40-minute show. At the performance’s start, a clump of eight dancers face upstage and sway slowly. Eventually, they burst into rhythmic gestures and sensuous tangos. After a brief blackout, the four dancers straddle the backs of their partners who crawl up and down the stage, evoking the image of camel riders trekking gingerly through the desert. This slower section gives way to dancers rapping along to B.I.G.’s hit “Dead Wrong” and skipping frantically on and off the stage with the energy of children at the playground. At the end, dancers whip out flags in a mesmerizing unison section and finally showcase their individual solos.

As expected in a repeated performance, the second half of “Venezuela” closely parrots the sections from the first half.

Even with an entirely new cast and changes in individual solos, the phrase work and movement quality stay eerily the same.

Viewers can relish the opportunity to rewatch segments, such as the melodic skipping and the powerful flag beating, and scrutinize the performance for small details they may have missed the first time.

But keeping the two 40-minute segments entirely the same would be boring, which Naharin is well aware of. While the cast barely changes the actual movement, most of the production details dramatically shift. The trance-like Gregorian chants constant in the first half change to songs that arguably work better with the expressive movements. Heavy metal song “Bullet in the Head” by Rage Against the Machine accompanies the angry flag section while Indian folk song “Ae Ajnabi”

by A.R. Rahman and Sampooran Singh Gulzar plays alongside the camel riders. Along with the refashioned music cues, lighting changes and new props make the viewer see supposedly similar sections with fresh eyes.

The skipping section, in which a flurry of dancers slowly pick up speed, emerges as a standout. In an impressive display of athletic endurance, dancers skip across the stage in random patterns without faltering, all the while remaining calm and playful. Batsheva’s dancers, known for their explosive gestures and uninhibited movement, shine as artists and athletes in the solo section. As a crescendoing harsh noise plays in the back-

ground, dancers move with unrelenting confidence, flexibility, and grace. The energizing solo section offers one of the rare moments in “Venezuela” where the company dancers can individually show off their breathtaking feats of control and emotion.

Repeating the dance also offers the audience a chance to revisit how Naharin peppers the performance with provoking details. During the second half of “Venezuela,” dancers intensify the types of props, by using flags with Palestine’s colors, and loudly rap controversial lyrics from B.I.G.’s hit “Dead Wrong” instead of just whispering it as they do in the first half.

Depending on the audience’s knowledge of world politics and familiarity with English, these production choices impact viewers differently. While certain audience members might perceive the rap’s crude lyrics as offensive, others who have become used to similar lyrics might remain unaffected. And furthermore, if non-English speakers listened to the rap, such as when the company performed in Israel, audience members could tune out the lyrics all together.

Ultimately, such subjectivity means that the performance exists not just in two versions, but instead can be experienced in as many distinct ways as there are viewers. By confronting the audience with bold production choices that change depending on perspective, Naharin forces viewers to react instantaneously to the props, music, lighting, and movement, and to grapple with the fact that they perceive the performance through the lens of their own values.

MUSIC

Portrait of an Artist: Michael A. Osei ‘21 and Lincoln A. Hart ‘21 MARIAM A. SOUSOU CONTRIBUTING WRITER Between performing at the Student Organization Center at Hilles, opening for Yardfest, and releasing their debut mixtape “Harlem Nights,” student musicians Michael A. Osei ’21 (“MJangles”) and Lincoln A. Hart ’21 have a lot to juggle outside of the classroom. The co-founders of the music collective Maybe There’s Life sat down with The Harvard Crimson to chat about their whirlwind of a year.

THC: What is the message you’re trying to send with your music?

The Harvard Crimson: When did you both start writing music or producing music?

LAH: We’re storytellers, and I can’t think of my artistic mission as one concrete story. Musically, a lot

Michael A. Osei: I think like junior year of high school in 2015. I mostly wrote over whatever beats I

MAO: I make music for the people who have grown up in situations where they were consistently

told that there’s a certain path of success that they need to follow — often, namely being like a doctor, lawyer, or professor — and you just can’t help but dream of that other calling. of my artistic purpose is pushing boundaries and speaking about spaces in between extremes.

thought sounded cool. I remember the first song I ever wrote was to [the beat of] “California Love” by 2Pac. My first original song was senior year of high school.

THC: How do you see yourselves pursuing your musical careers here, at Harvard, and then beyond

Lincoln A. Hart: I was an instrumentalist and songwriter before I started recording. My father taught

MAO: I know that all I’m meant to do on this earth is to make music, challenge people’s thought

me how to play guitar, and I grew up [playing] in jazz bands. When I got to high school, I started getting more involved with rapping and freestyle. I taught myself how to produce just for myself so I wouldn’t be reliant on other people. Senior year of high school is when I really started producing beats for myself, but it wasn’t until my freshman year here that I became committed to not using any other person’s beats to make the songs that I produce.

THC: You both have your own albums as solo musicians. When did you begin Maybe There’s Life together?

MAO: Lincoln and I have often talked about just having complete ownership and creative control

over our content for perpetuity of our careers. Then he introduced me to the third member of Maybe There’s Life, Tobias Defoe, who’s a student and full time musician in New York. The idea of it was solidified this past summer because we were working on music from time to time, and we thought what if we just come together? Then we had our record label launch in December 2018. We had a big performance in the Quad, and that was like the official announcement of Maybe There’s Life on this campus.

LAH: We want to make sure it’s clear that we are fully solo artists within our own rights. We all view

Harvard?

processes, and inspire them to try to shape their own futures. I plan on just continuing to make as much music as possible in that room up there and put on as many performances as possible until I reach a point where I’m able to go beyond this campus and go across the world.

THC: Do you feel that so much is expected of Harvard students you face judgment from other students or people who look down on you?

MAO: I’ve written a whole song about it called HUID! I’m not sure about students in particular on this campus judging in a negative light.

LAH: I think a lot of [the judgement we receive] stems from people’s conception of what a rapper is.

They think that it’s fun work. There’s this image of people chilling in a studio, doing mad drugs, saying some random stuff over a beat, and calling it a day. That’s so uncharacteristic of the kind of work we’re doing. I’ve never worked harder on any single project or anything in my life. It’s 32 minutes of music in four weeks. It’s not glamorous work all the time. I think that, Mike and I, what we’re trying to do is about what real hip hop is and what it started out to do. It’s purpose was to educate and uplift the community.

the collective of Maybe There’s Life as an opportunity to stand together in solidarity against the forces of the music industry and to be fully autonomous as artists and performers.

THC: Do you guys feel you’re uplifting Harvard? How was your performance at YardFest and in the

THC: What is your creative process like together?

MAO: It was exhilarating to be able to perform for that many people. I never had a crowd of 1,500 to 2,000 people with a stage that epic looking.

LAH: I think what makes our collab tape that’s coming out on Saturday, “Harlem Nights,” so unique is that it’s so truly collaborative in every aspect of it. It’s not just one person making the beat, another person writing lyrics, and the other person writing the melody. Every drum pattern, every drum sound, every chord, every rhythm, every lyric is three people fully hashing it out.

Quad in December? How did it feel being able to perform to Harvard students?

LAH: It’s a cool thing, if you ever have been to our events, to see a lot of different kinds of people from a lot of different kinds of places. Especially given Harvard’s context of extreme exclusivity, there should be a space that’s free, that everyone is welcome to, and that is all about student voice.

ARTS

THE HARVARD CRIMSON | APRIL 23, 2019 | PAGE 6

BOOKS

World of ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ Disturbingly Welcome in Graphic Novel Adaptation ALLISON S. CHANG CONTRIBUTING WRITER

COURTESY OF PENGUIN PUBLISHING GROUP

“Everything Handmaids wear is red: the color of blood, which defines us,” says Offred, the protagonist of Margaret Atwood’s “The Handmaid’s Tale.” Renee Nault’s graphic novel adaptation, which features this quotation on the back cover, embraces this explicit visual vocabulary. Offred’s scarlet robes radiate against the muted hues of her surroundings. They trumpet her singular purpose: to give birth. Nault presents the puritanical Republic of Gilead with a brutal austerity that instantly distills the text’s most pertinent themes.

Indeed, amid today’s aggressively anti-intersectional political climate, “The Handmaid’s Tale” is certainly having a cultural moment. Atwood’s decision to pen a sequel, “The Testaments,” arriving this September, affirms her novel’s relevance 34 years after its publication. Sadly, “The Handmaid’s Tale” as a current phenomenon today owes largely to its stylistically thriller-esque TV adaptation. Casual reference to the book evokes imminent apocalypse, an anti-feminist End of Days. Saturated coverage has diluted the concise frankness of the original work.

Nault’s adaptation, however, exercises uncommon restraint.

Liberal use of blank space conveys the maddening lack of stimulation and the impossibility of escape. Even the most hectic illustrations ultimately accentuate the accompanying text. Through watercolor and ink, Nault imbues her figures with surprising gentle humanity. Fear, not malice, maintains the status quo. Oppressors exist not as comic book villains, but more alarmingly, as good people failing to act.

Off all the characters’ appearances, Offred’s is the most generic. She possesses few identifying traits besides brown eyes and hair. In a crowd or even in a pair, distinguishing between Handmaids often becomes impossible. Whereas the TV adaptation gives Offred a face (Elisabeth Moss) and a moniker (“June

Osborne”), the graphic adaptation makes her at once anonymous and universal. She more closely parallels Atwood’s Offred, who never reveals her real name. Nault’s heroine is arguably even more instantly relatable.

Nault shrewdly avoids overt displays of emotion, reserving drama for when it matters. Her characters’ expressions are usually subtle. The historical significance of the novel’s New England setting naturally implies some of Gilead’s underlying ascetic fanaticism. Nault’s diligent recreations of colonial brick houses and their self-righteously modest interiors simply heighten that fervor. Humorous little drawings interrupt terse confrontations with shameless glee. The delightful absurdity of a special forces soldier wearing a pink hand-knitted scarf, for example, elicits a private giggle.

Most aesthetically compelling is the juxtaposition between the unfeeling present, rendered through discordant bold colors, and the intimate familiarity of the recent past. Nault bathes Offred’s cherished memories in warm, harmonious hues. Her recollections of friends and family, sketched lightly in pencil, have already begun to fade. Conversely, painful experiences suddenly emerge as thick brushstrokes forcefully dash the page. Still, on the whole, life seems peaceful and calm. The Handmaids, in their softly tapered hats and full, billowing gowns, begrudgingly embody the feminine ideal. Forget sensational carnage — romantic serenity is more chilling.

Nevertheless, any visual adaptation of “The Handmaid’s Tale” presents an admittedly pedantic conundrum. The Republic controls women by banning mechanisms of free thought, most notably through written word. “Now it’s forbidden, for us.

Now it’s dangerous. Now it’s indecent,” says Offred. On Gilead’s main streets, images of cows, eggs, and bees prevent the “temp-

tation” of reading the shops’ names. Nault’s illustrations, though veritably engaging, still beg the question of what may be lost Indeed, in an interview with The Crimson, Nault describes Atwood’s involvement in Nault’s work as “pretty hands-off altogether.” Unfortunately, any graphic adaptation bearing Atwood’s complete text would be lengthy and redundant.

Nault’s adaptation does uphold the general storyline, which is structured into a series of episodes just as in the original. She crucially preserves the sanctity of the numerous unresolved ambiguities. The two editions do noticeably vary when Nault occasionally sanitizes Offred’s contemptible thoughts, trading character depth for likeability.

Offred’s first-person narration in Atwood’s novel is resolutely feisty and sharp. Her unfiltered earnesty helps her cope. During the ritual of mechanical, loveless intercourse known as the Ceremony, Offred evaluates her partner with a cynical wisecrack: “If he were better looking would I enjoy this more? At least he’s an improvement on the previous one.” Later, Offred disparagingly describes a fellow Handmaid as “formerly that whiny bitch Janine.” At the sight of a cruel former supervisor from the prison-like Red Center, she fills with rage: “I would like to strangle her,” Offred says. Nault purges these remarks to put forth a more relatable narrator whose plight quickly draws sympathy.

A “nasty woman” like Atwood’s Offred, however, would likely still appeal to the predominantly liberal audience drawn to this feminist work.

For fans of the original book, “The Handmaid’s Tale: The Graphic Novel” introduces a striking new visual experience to the iconic realm of Gilead. One can also hope Nault’s provocative and captivating adaptation can galvanize first-time readers to seek further answers in Atwood’s text.

FILM

The Real ‘Curse of La Llorona’ Was Having to Watch It HOPE Y. KUDO CONTRIBUTING WRITER The cacophony of unnecessary squelching and the ungodly banging of doors and drawers in “The Curse of La Llorona” are enough to give anyone a migraine. As the new director taking charge of “The Conjuring” series, director Michael Chaves fails to bring audiences the same thrilling experience that fans of the first and second “Conjuring” films are accustomed to from James Wan, the series’ former director. The sixth installment in the Conjuring Universe, “The Curse of La Llorona” is a disappointment. In the past, Wan crafted haunted atmospheres that paralyzed viewers as they were immersed in the spiritual journey of characters. “The Curse of La Llorona,” however, is plagued by dull storytelling, and Chaves does not nearly match the caliber of Wan’s past work.

The film hinges on an old and fascinating piece of Mexican folklore. “La Llorona,” or “The Weeping Woman,” is a Mexican folklore tale used to scare children into obeying their parents. Legend has it that La Llorona was originally a young woman named Maria who married a wealthy nobleman and gave birth to two boys. When Maria found her husband with a younger woman, she exacted revenge on him by drowning their sons because they were what her husband cared about the most. After realizing what she had done, she killed herself in despair. She remains on the cusp of the living and the afterlife, attempting to drown other children in order to get hers back. While this sounds like a reasonable backstory to motivate any distraught ghost in a horror movie and is a fascinating and chilling tale on its own, the bland execution of this film is the real curse, and an injustice to the actual myth of La Llorona.

The film centers around Los Angeles in the ’70s. A recently-widowed mother named Anna (Linda Cardellini) works as a social worker for Child Protective Services as she struggles to adapt to the single-mother lifestyle and raise her children Chris (Roman Christou) and Samantha (Jaynee-Lynne Kinchen). Anna’s involvement with La Llorona begins with one of Anna’s cases: Patricia Alvarez (Patricia Velasquez), a mother whose sons haven’t been to school for a few days. When Anna checks on the family, the boys are nowhere to be seen. She realizes that Patricia has her sons locked inside of a closet, so she arrests Patricia and sends her sons to foster care. Patricia maintains that she was just protecting her sons, and it’s very clear that all three of them are scared of an outside agent and not each other — something that a more nuanced social

COURTESY OF WARNER BROS. PICTURES

worker would be able to sense. The film picks up pace when, after Patricia and her children are separated, her boys are found dead. As Anna rushes to the crime scene, she brings her children with her (her first mistake — what mother brings her children with her to the scene of a potential murder?). At the crime scene, Chris comes into contact with the culprit, La Llorona — a sobbing woman in a dirty wedding gown damp with muddy water — as she chooses him as her next victim.

La Llorona’s appearances in the film become tiresome and predictable, as viewers begin to associate the strong gusts of wind with her arrival. The lack of variation in jump scares and tension-building sequences also detract from the film, which would have been a more thrilling sensory experience if Chaves had enhanced La Llorona’s powers instead of only focusing on her robotic impulse to kill the children by drowning them. Throughout the film, La Llorona has the power to telekinetically move things, control people’s actions, control the tenacity of the wind, and inflict harm burning her victims with her touch, but Chaves never develops these terrifying capacities further. While Chaves remains loyal to the legend of La Llorona, the audience knows that nothing truly bad will happen unless the characters are near a body of water. This limitation makes the children’s harrowing encounters with La Llorona on dry land anticlimactic and much less suspenseful than they could have been.

However, this film did have a few redeeming qualities. It’s one of the few popular films to center on an aspect of Latin American culture, which is otherwise sorely underrepresented in Hollywood. Chaves also manages to get a few spectacular scenes in the film. In one moment, the camera’s movements match the gust of wind blowing at the door upon La Llorona’s arrival, giving the scene a voyeuristic perspective as the audience moves with the wind. The fact that La Llorona freely follows the family around wherever they go heightens the uncertainty that the characters and audience feel.

“La Llorona” is ultimately an average horror film at best. It’s a relatively good match for those seeking the adrenaline rush of jump scares — of which this film has no shortage — but are too squeamish to expect convoluted, truly terrifying plot twists. Ultimately, the film lacks a substantive plot, and barely matches a viewer’s lowest expectations.

PAGE 7

THE HARVARD CRIMSON | APRIL 23, 2019

WBUR Hosts Climate Change Panel with HBS

By EMA R. SCHUMER CRIMSON STAFF WRITER

Boston public radio station WBUR hosted a panel discussion about strategies for combating climate change Monday evening at CitySpace in collaboration with Harvard Business School and the Boston University School of Business.

The panel — entitled “Climate Politics and Business” — marked the third event in a five-part series called “Stepping Up: Business in the Era of Climate Change.” The event featured business executives who spoke about economic and policy reforms to reduce carbon emissions, drawing a crowd of roughly 100 people on Earth Day. The panelists discussed several approaches to tackling climate change through government action.

William C. Eacho, the co-founder of a lobbying organization called Partnership for Responsible Growth, said he favored “free market solutions” such as a carbon tax over a “regulatory approach.”

“You’re going to have a hard time agreeing at a federal level on a bipartisan answer that approaches it from the regulatory approach,” Eacho said.

“You have a far better chance at a bipartisan solution if you’re talking about market solutions.”

Mindy S. Lubber — the CEO and president of Ceres, a non-profit that advises companies on adopting sustainable practices — said fiscal policy needs to incorporate incen-

tives for businesses to reduce their negative environmental impacts.

Lubber said leaders of companies must also understand “that [they are] stewards of the future as well as stewards of [their] quarterly balance sheet.”

Auden Schendler, the vice president of sustainability at Aspen Skiing Company, said public support for combating climate change, however, is insufficient.

“We really do need a revolution,” Schendler said. “Ultimately, this is a problem of democracy. It’s a failure of democracy in America where people feel disempowered. They feel it doesn’t matter. They are deeply cynical. They feel let down.”

We really do need a revolution.

Ultimately, this is a problem of democracy.

Auden Schendler VP of Sustainability at Aspen Skiing Company

Lubber agreed that motivating people to pay attention to the environment is difficult, characterizing climate change as a “psychological challenge.”

She said finding solutions to stem climate change is “scientifically and technologically possible.”

“Will of humanity is really what’s on the line,” Lubber added.

Attendee Dianne M. Brown said the event made her think about the lack of public engagement surrounding climate change.

“We need to figure out how to get voters and the public engaged in these issues across the country because if we do, the solution will come far more quickly,” she said.

The WBUR series on the intersection of climate change and business solutions is the brainchild of Business School professor Michael W. Toffel, who said he pitched the idea to the station in June. Toffel said the series aims to “shine a light on” policy solutions that business can support to stem harmful environmental impacts.

“We want to amplify in the Boston community how firms are being impacted by climate change and how firms are affecting climate change,” he said.

WBUR’s Director of Community Engagement Amy E. Macdonald said one of the station’s goals is to attract more than just business-minded people to this discussion.

“It’s not only people in the business industry, but I think it’s more just your regular lay person in Boston, who cares about these issues,” Macdonald said.

There are two events remaining in the series: “The Road Map of the Future: Transportation” and “Energy Transition.” The events will take place at CitySpace on May 7 and June 4, respectively. ema.schumer@thecrimson.com

HEAT WEEK FROM PAGE 1

Students, Faculty, and Alumni Call for Fossil Fuel Divestment in clean energy and not fossil fuels,” McCarthy said.

Amidst heightening divestment activism in recent months, Bacow has maintained that the University should engage with fossil fuel companies through its shareholding and scholarship to reduce the effects of climate change instead of divesting from the companies directly.

Bacow also continues to promote long-standing University president rhetoric that the endowment should not be used as a mechanism for social change.

In an emailed statement, University spokesperson Jonathan L. Swain reiterated this position.

“The University’s position, as it has stated previously, is that it should not use the endowment to achieve political ends, or particular policy ends,” Swain wrote.

Swain also wrote Harvard maintains a Climate Change Solutions Fund, a University initiative that gives grants for research projects that offer creative solutions to climate change.

“As President Larry Bacow has said, the University agrees with the urgent need to tackle climate change and has val-

ued the opportunity to discuss the issues with members of the community,” Swain wrote.

Bacow’s messages come as Divest Harvard and the Harvard Prison Divestment Campaign have ramped up their protests and petitions for divestment from fossil fuels and companies tied to the prison industry.

An endowment may serve the present, but its deeper purpose has always been to underwrite future generations.

Auden Schendler Harvard English Professor

Earlier this month, protestors from both groups interrupted an event at the John F. Kennedy Jr. Forum where Bacow was slated to speak, forcing the talk to continue after moving to a nearby classroom.

Bacow also participated in an hour-long forum about fossil fuel divestment.

At the press conference, Harvard alumni and faculty

joined in students’ demands for divestment.

English professor James T. Engell argued the need for fossil fuel divestment is growing rapidly.

“An endowment may serve the present, but its deeper purpose has always been to underwrite future generations,” Engell said.

“It’s been more than five years since Harvard has announced it would not divest.

We’ve only a couple more sets of five years and then the game becomes pretty dire.”

Former United States Senator Timothy E. Wirth ’61, who helped organize the press conference, said in an interview following the press conference that the University could not maintain their position against divestment forever.

“They cannot sustain their position,” Wirth said. “I mean, it’s intellectually unsustainable; it’s economically unsustainable; it’s morally unsustainable.”

“They’ve got to really be given the room to move away from it, and it’s going to take time, but they will change,” he added.

“We’re not going away.”

Transformative coverage.

The Crimson thecrimson.com

alexandra.chaidez@thecrimson.com

City Youths Fear Moral Council Slump, Poll Shows Lauds 2020 Budget SURVEY FROM PAGE 1

Likelihood of Youth Voting in State Primaries

60%

58%

Spring 2019 Spring 2015

50%

44%

43%

48%

47%

40%

36%

By DECLAN J. KNIERIEM

30%

27%

CRIMSON STAFF WRITER

Cambridge City Manager Louis A. DePasquale submitted a budget proposal for fiscal year 2020 to the City Council Monday, with the largest allocations directed toward education and public safety.

Councilors received the budget on Monday prior to the general meeting. This year’s proposals constitute a 5.7 percent increase from fiscal year 2019.

It includes more than $200 million earmarked for education, up from $191 million in 2019, and $146 million for public safety, up from $139 million the previous year.

The budget totals more than $678 million in appropriations and amounts to one of the largest budget increases Cambridge has ever seen, according to DePasquale.

“I just want to start off by saying how pleased I am to really present a budget, I feel, has really addressed the fact that we have listened to the City Council and to the public,” he said.

DePasquale elaborated on the increased education funding, citing initiatives that provide free breakfast to all elementary and upper schools in Cambridge and MBTA passes for low-income high school students who qualify. He described the city’s commitment to education as “second to none.”

And this budget is worth applause.

Marc C. McGovern Cambridge Mayor

Also included in the budget proposal is $20 million to support the Cambridge Affordable Housing Trust. This follows recent efforts by the City Council to reform zoning laws to incentivize developers to build affordable housing units.

Though DePasquale touted the budget’s success in addressing many of the councilors’ recommendations, he acknowledged that it is not perfect — especially concerning affordable housing.

“We have heard from the council, we’ve heard from the residents that we need more affordable housing, and the city has tried to meet the demand,” he said. “But obviously we need to do more.”

Several councilors voiced their gratitude to the City Manager’s Office. Councilor E. Denise Simmons, who chairs the Council’s Finance Committee, praised the budget and several individuals for their role in compiling and writing the proposal.

“What’s great about the budget is it tells the story of Cambridge and in a very succinct way not only from the financial aspect, but just for the service aspect,” she said.

Mayor Marc C. McGovern also commended the City Manager’s Office for its work, and said he believes the city budget accurately reflects the city’s values.

He cited Cambridge’s investment in immigrant support, environmentalism, urban forestry, homelessness prevention, education, and affordable housing.

“That doesn’t happen by accident,” he said. “And doesn’t happen easily.”

In a unanimous vote, the council voted to refer the budget proposal to the Finance Committee for consideration.

The Finance Committee hearing to discuss the proposal will convene on May 1, when individual departments will present their budget breakdowns for fiscal year 2020.

McGovern also addressed the expectations of Cambridge residents, saying that while the budget cannot address every city issue, it comes “pretty darn close.”

“It’s okay to criticize us when there are things to criticize. I think that’s fair,” he said. “But it’s also okay to applaud when there are things to applaud. And this budget is worth applause.” declan.knieriem@thecrimson.com

22% 20%

10%

0%

All Voters

Democrats

Republicans

Independants

MATTHEW J. TYLER—CRIMSON DESIGNER

­state of the nation.

“We can watch that concern over the country’s morals trending steadily upward since this point in 2015,” Richard M. Sweeney ’21, student chair of the Harvard Public Opinion Project, said in interview following the results’ release.

Sweeney also said he was surprised to find that nearequal percentages of Democrats and Republicans agreed with the statement “I am concerned about the moral direction of the country,” with 66 percent and 64 percent agreement respectively.

“What did surprise me was that when you broke this down by party, this concern is relatively broad based – it cuts across party lines,” Sweeney said.

“Young people of all stripes are really looking for leaders that can bring morality back to Washington.”

Della Volpe said in an interview that another key finding was the tension that appears to exist between young voters and baby boomers, which survey organizers defined as people ages 55 to 73.

Only 18 percent of survey respondents agreed with the statement that voters within the baby-boom cohort care about people like them.

“I think we’re beginning to see a generational conflict between younger voters and baby boomers brewing,” Della Volpe said.

One of the issues that may contribute to this generational conflict is environmental policy, according to Della Volpe.

Forty-six percent of respondents agreed that the government should be more proactive in curbing the effects of climate change, even at the expense of economic growth – a substantial increase over previous years’ findings.

“Protecting the environment – dealing with climate change – is now central to both the domestic and well as the foreign policy agenda of young Americans,” Della Volpe said.

IOP Director Mark D. Gearan ’78 said in the press release that the results of the youth poll – and the voices of youth voters – should inform the actions of candidates in the upcoming presidential election.

“This presidential election serves as a consequential moment in time to shape how young Americans engage in politics and I hope candidates thoughtfully listen and engage with their agenda,” Gearan said. jania.tumey@thecrimson.com

Seneca Moves Away From Recognized Status

By SANJANA L. NARAYANAN and SAMUEL W. ZWICKEL CRIMSON STAFF WRITERS

The Committee on Student Life granted the Seneca — a former all-female social organization that went co-ed in August 2016 in response to Harvard College’s social group sanctions — provisional recognition as an Independent Student Organization in fall 2018, a change from its former status as a Recognized Social Organization.

RSOs are former single-gender organizations that are “primarily social” in purpose and “do not discriminate on the basis of gender,” and are therefore not subject to the penalties on single-gender groups, according to the Dean of Students Office website.

Harvard’s sanctions policy — announced in May 2016 and first applied to the Class of 2021 — prohibits members of unrecognized single-gender social organizations from obtaining College endorsement for high-profile fellowships like the Rhodes and Marshall scholarships and from serving in leadership positions in varsity sports teams and some extracurricular clubs.

ISOs are groups of undergraduates “who unite to promote or celebrate a common interest or talent in ways that are separate from formal course study,” according to the DSO Resource Guide for Student Organizations. More than 400 extracurricular organizations on campus — ranging from a cappella groups to cultural affinity clubs — are currently classified as ISOs. The Seneca chose to apply for ISO status through the Undergraduate Council, according to College spokesperson Aaron M. Goldman.

He confirmed the UC granted the group “provisional” recognition back in the fall of 2018 and will review its eligibility for full recognition in spring 2020.

The UC and former Office of Student Life — now known as the DSO — first announced the new review process for pro­​​​​​​

spective student organizations in spring 2017. Organizations seeking recognition first apply for provisional status with the UC in the fall. After a oneyear trial period, the UC reviews them again for full recognition.

Seneca Co-Presidents Keziah Clarke ’20 and Hadley N. DeBello ’20 wrote in an emailed statement Monday that the Seneca’s “passion for womxn’s advocacy” made it more suitable to be classified as an ISO than as an RSO. “We believed that ISO status was more representative of our organization’s advocacy-based mission than the RSO status originally granted to us by the College,” Clarke and DeBello wrote.

They added that the Seneca organizes professional workshops, hosts an annual Women’s Faculty Reception, and participates in Women’s Week in the spring.

“While we take pride in our strong community and enjoy participating in and hosting our own safe, open, and inclusive social events, The Seneca’s mission is not purely social in nature,” they wrote. “We are also focused on pursuing initiatives that create better environments and opportunities for womxn.”

While several historically single-sex groups chose to adopt co-ed membership policies and become RSOs, some Greek groups and final clubs continue to fight the College’s sanctions.

In December 2018, national groups affiliated with sororities and fraternities — along with three anonymous College students — sued Harvard in federal and state court. The groups have contended that the sanctions illegally constitute sexbased discrimination.

On Friday, Harvard defended its motions to dismiss the twin suits, marking the last round of legal filings before state and federal judges decide whether to proceed with the cases. sanjana.narayanan@thecrimson.com samuel.zwickel@thecrimson.com

THE HARVARD CRIMSON | APRIL 23, 2019

PAGE 8

EDITORIAL THE CRIMSON EDITORIAL BOARD

OP-ED

Cambridge In a New Lane

The Entitlement of Harvard Partyers

T

wo weeks ago, the Cambridge City Council passed the Cycling Safety Ordinance, new legislation that plans to make the city safer for cyclists. The law will create a 20-mile network of bicycle lanes and set in motion a five-year sidewalk and street construction plan. Bicycle safety activists have hailed this groundbreaking project as an important step forward.

From 2010 to 2014, Cambridge was the site of an average of 184 accidents per year involving cyclists with no indication of a potential decline.

Most of these cyclists did not sustain serious injuries, but many suffered “incapacitating” injuries and some crashes in the past have proved fatal.

These accidents demonstrate a clear need for improved bicycle safety regulations, especially as bicycle ridership continues to increase overall.

The city has acted decisively and novelly to address the problem of cycling accidents, setting an example for cities across the country.

The City Council’s to establish a plan to increase bike safety is commendable.

The city has acted decisively and novelly to address the problem of cycling ac-

cidents, setting an example for cities across the country.

We are proud of Cambridge for taking these innovative steps in the interest of its citizens.

As it stands, cyclists may not feel particularly safe in Cambridge. And Harvard students are no exception. Indeed, the most dangerous stretch of road for cyclists in the Boston area is Massachusetts Avenue between Columbia and Trowbridge Street — which runs directly in the direction of Harvard Square.

Hopefully the Cycling Safety Ordinance will lead to fewer accidents and make residents and Harvard students more comfortable cycling around the city.

We are optimistic that if these regulations are successful, it will encourage other cities to follow Cambridge’s lead.

Though this legislation is impressive, the City Council should remain vigilant against inequitable implementation.

The new plan needs to reflect the geographic landscape of Cambridge’s socioeconomic diversity. New bike lanes and new protections for bikers should benefit all members of the city, especially since wealthier residents have more available alternatives for transportation.

It’s worth noting that the Cycling Safety Ordinance was a collaboration between the City Council and local advocacy group Cambridge Bicycle Safety.

We commend the hard work of the

organization to make demonstrative change in the community and blaze a trail for productive collaboration between the city and non-profit groups.

And we laud the city residents — some of whom include Harvard students — who sacrificed their time to make this collaboration possible.

We are proud of Cambridge for taking these innovative steps in the interest of its citizens.

As increased bicycle use continues to offset the toll cars and other motor vehicles take on our environment, as well as make for a more active community, we are glad we can look to the Cambridge City Council and Cambridge residents for leadership on making our urban environments more accessible and safe for cyclists.

This staff editorial solely represents the majority view of The Crimson Editorial Board. It is the product of discussions at regular Editorial Board meetings. In order to ensure the impartiality of our journalism, Crimson editors who choose to opine and vote at these meetings are not involved in the reporting of articles on similar topics.

Submit an Op-Ed Today!

The Crimson

op-eds@thecrimson.com

COLUMN

The Moments We Remember Most On finding happiness during our time at Harvard Ruben E. Reyes Jr. and Zoe D. Ortiz BORDERLANDS/ LA FRONTERA

R

uben: We have written twenty-three columns about aspects of Harvard that are unjust and have made us feel small: Racist assumptions about our intelligence and admission to Harvard; being the curricula for our white classmates; being exotified; how Harvard was never built or imagined for people like us; students’ treatment of custodial and dining staff; machismo; The Crimson; and wearing ourselves down for others. For more than three years, we’ve tried speaking truth to power and written columns to help make this campus a bit more equitable, a bit softer.

But, if you seek the most complete account of our time here, you have to remember the joy we felt — a necessary antidote to the bitter poison we faced.

Sometimes they came in small bursts, sometimes large ones, but either way they sustained us.

Zoe: Laughter, that’s how I’d describe my highest moments at Harvard. Moments caught between the craziness of college, when time didn’t seem to matter as much and I didn’t notice the responsibilities nagging at me. It felt free, to laugh without inhibition or restriction.

Friends who became family, who picked me up in the lowest of moments and made me crack a smile when I wasn’t sure I could keep going. They made me throw my hair back and laugh, in classrooms, the dining hall, walking home from the Yard.

Joy would fill me up and bubble out, overflowing with loud exclamations.

Harvard became my home in those moments, when happiness overtook the lows and I can’t say I’d ever exchange my memories of this place for another University or life.

R: Here are my joys, the moments and rituals and objects that have saved me.

In Sanders Theater, freshman year, week after week, hearing Toni Morrison deliver a series of lectures.

Running into Junot Díaz at one of the lectures and becoming a bumbling mess.

Listening to Toni Morrison command the audience with her poetic oration, timing, and spitfire wit.

Experiencing a living legend and knowing I was witnessing history in progress.

Being reminded of the magic of words, and their ability to cut through the hatred, injustice, and absurdity of the world.

Z: Every year here has challenged me in a way that is indescribable. But I found the will to keep going, to keep fighting, because of the beauty in my life.

Contentment found me on my first Housing Day. It filled me up as I stood in a dorm room surrounded by my closest friends, with a pounding heart wondering where my home would be for the next three years.

If you seek the most complete account of our time here, you have to remember the joy we felt — a necessary antidote to the bitter poison we faced.

Sometimes they came in small bursts, sometimes large ones, but either way they sustained us.

Then it came to me again when I was welcomed to the Mather House family by putting my arms around my fellow Matherites and singing “Our House, Mather House, in the middle of the street.”

Laughter found me then, too.

R: Six mile runs, sometimes through a cold drizzle, from my dorm room to Topacio, my favorite Salvadoran restaurant in East Boston. One dollar pupusas on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.

The sound of Spanish in the air, people that looked like my aunts and uncles, and a reminder that the overwhelming whiteness of Harvard is not the complete picture. East Boston, and its gentle acceptance of my visits, has reminded me of my worth.

Z: I spent so much of my time when I arrived here doubting if I was good enough to contribute in classrooms.

I didn’t feel like I could speak up. I didn’t know all the words that people were using, couldn’t understand the references they were making, and felt as out-of-place as one could feel.

Happiness came to me in the moment when I found my voice. It warmed me when, after years of struggling, I called out a professor in class my sophomore fall for misrepresenting data on immigrants.

It stayed with me every day, as I reminded myself that I was good enough, I was worthy, and my words did matter.

R: All the others joys that this page simply can’t hold: margaritas at Border Cafe, Thanksgivings in Branford, Conn., a moment of clarity when writing my thesis, a canceled class on a cloudy day, a fruitful discussion in seminar, learning the lyrics to “Come On Eileen,” Editorial Board meetings at The Crimson three times a week, being invited to appear on Tucker Carlson’s show and then turning down the offer, reggaeton blasting, and every single obnoxious laugh.

Z: I found myself in the little moments and memories that over time have lost their detail, but have never lost the feelings of warmth that they’ve given me.

Endless laughter — that’s what I can remember — and if I could do it all over again? I would do it all the same, just for those moments of happiness and joy.

R + Z: This column. This column and its readers. Every comment, every disagreement, every engagement with the words we have written. The countless hours spent sitting with each other, discussing our column and other unrelated chisme.

Finding a voice through this column. Knowing ourselves and each other, intimately. Fighting the fear. Writing it down. Our time at Harvard has been complicated, but no Harvard experience is fully devoid of joy. Make time for joy, look for it outside of the University when needed, and don’t you ever forget that you deserve to live a full, mostly positive life during your short time here.

—Ruben E. Reyes Jr. ’19, a former Crimson Editorial Chair, is a History & Literature concentrator in Leverett House. Zoe D. Ortiz ’19, a former Crimson Associate Editorial Editor, is a Social Studies concentrator in Mather House.

By MICHELLE I. GAO

A

lot of behaviors that once seemed generally acceptable have been reexamined in recent years. We no longer, for example, accept the excuse that “boys will be boys.” But college students, supposedly, should be allowed to be college students who drink and party even until they end up in hospitals or handcuffs. This is an inevitability that should be accepted, not firmly resisted or even gently questioned.

This view has been made clear in the aftermath of a well-publicized incident following last year’s Yardfest on April 13, when a College student — naked and likely under the influence of narcotics — was arrested by Cambridge police officers just off-campus. The incident sparked debate around many issues, including police brutality, a topic that deserves to be addressed comprehensively elsewhere.

Here I will focus on how the involvement of the Cambridge Police Department, rather than just Harvard University Health Services or the Harvard University Police Department, demonstrated that something in the University’s management of students’ drug and alcohol usage had failed.

During last year’s Yardfest, a day known for high levels of student intoxication, Harvard did not handle everything thrown its way.

The natural next step is to look for solutions.

The main line of student-proposed solutions, however, has looked outward. Buy an ambulance.

Hire more health services workers. Reform the police.

These might indeed help students, but they’re fundamentally missing the mark. Why should the solutions come from elsewhere when the problem is coming from within — from the students themselves?

No, these student-proposed solutions are egregiously entitled.

They all require more people (and more money) to clean up our messes.

They all imply the lesson from a mishap is that these other people need to shape up.

The police, in particular, are singled out as the student body’s favorite targets. HUPD’s duty is to protect us. But come on — their job should not be to attend to blacked-out undergraduates, and we should try to make their lives easier. (The reason why HUPD could not respond to calls regarding the arrested student on the night of Yardfest, as protesters argued they should have, was that they were overwhelmed by the number of student emergencies already reported.) HUPD is not perfect, but we expect a level of perfection from them that we do not ask of ourselves — not even close.

Why do students support these external solutions rather than inward ones? Because they argue that college partying is inevitable. Thus, all Harvard can really do is be there to make the process safer.

Now, some level of enabling is desirable. Let the University continue to turn a blind eye towards the harmless behavior.

I’m libertarian enough to believe that you should do what you want — as long as you can take care of it yourself. It’s college. And I believe in second chances enough to support some sort of amnesty policy.

But too much enabling emboldens the receiving party to demand more and more. In the aftermath of the April 13 incident, students have for the most part refused to accept responsibility. Instead, at any hint that they are part of the problem, they cry foul.

In his November 2018 email to the community about the review committee’s report on the April 13 incident, University President Lawrence S. Bacow wrote he was “troubled” by the upward trend in student intoxication at Yardfest. Yardfest health incidents were over five times higher than the previous year’s and overloaded two nearby emergency rooms.

I took Bacow’s words as a reasonable — yet far from harsh — reminder that, if nothing else, students should be mindful that their actions can deplete valuable resources that are inherently finite.

But this Editorial Board called even Bacow’s small rebuke “missing the mark.” Any mention of students’ wayward behavior was supposedly a distraction from the underlying incident — though such behavior was the very catalyst.

Students also feel like they should be entitled to the broadest possible amnesty policy. This Editorial Board, for example, pushed back when Dean of the College Rakesh Khurana recently raised the prospect of reconsidering the amnesty policy.

The Board argued that a stricter policy will be harmful by only reducing the number of people who seek help, not how much they use. It calls on the College to “prioritize student safety.”

Again, as if prioritizing student safety is something only third parties can do.

The questions remain: Why should students deserve amnesty at all if they know exactly what they’re getting themselves into?

Or, less harshly, why shouldn’t Harvard restrict the amnesty policy and force students to prioritize their well-being, or at the very least their good standing in college?

Something is seriously wrong when we can’t even acknowledge that we have a problem — of which overflowing hospital rooms or arrests are just symptoms.

Something is seriously wrong when students feel entitled enough to demand that the University must indulge them, instead of reasonably curtailing their lifestyle choices.

Because the kinds of behavior in question aren’t inevitabilities; they are choices. And in adulthood — a title we love to claim for ourselves in seemingly any other situation — we shouldn’t be entitled to anything except to face the consequences of our choices.

—Michelle I. Gao ’21, a Crimson Associate Editorial editor, is a Government concentrator in Adams House.

PAGE 9

THE HARVARD CRIMSON | APRIL 23, 2019

TOWN HALL FROM PAGE 1

Students Visit N.H. for CNN Town Hall

Aditi Goel, a clinical instructor at the Harvard Law School Criminal Justice Institute, spoke about combatting wrongful convictions at a panel event on Monday night. AMANDA Y. SU—CRIMSON PHOTOGRAPHER

Panelists Talk Fighting Wrongful Convictions

By AMANDA Y. SU CRIMSON STAFF WRITER

Legal experts and criminal justice reform advocates gathered in Tsai Auditorium to discuss mitigating wrongful convictions in the United States criminal justice system Monday evening.

The event, entitled “Fighting Wrongful Convictions in the Age of Mass Incarceration,” featured four panelists and centered on the experiences of Lorenzo Johnson, an activist who has personal experience with the issue of wrongful conviction. The panel was co-sponsored by seven organizations including the Harvard Organization for Prison Education and Advocacy, the Committee on Degrees on History and Literature, and the Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice.

Johnson opened the event by sharing the story of his incarceration for being an alleged accomplice in a 1995 murder in Harrisburg, Penn. In 2012, the Third Circuit Federal Court of Appeals granted him release from his life-without-parole sentence after ruling there was legally insufficient evidence for his conviction. Four months later, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously reinstated his conviction, sending him back to prison. In July 2017, he agreed to a plea deal and was released from prison.

After resuming his sentence, Johnson led a nationwide media campaign to educate the

public about his experiences with the support of the Pennsylvania Innocence Project, a non-profit organization that works to correct wrongful convictions.

During the event, Johnson shared moments when he said prosecutors and the police asked him to provide false statements and forced his alibi witnesses to manufacture or change their statements.

“A lot of people got the misconception that the [criminal justice] system is broken,” Johnson said. “The system was never fixed. The system was never designed to be fair.”

Throughout the event, other panelists discussed aspects of the criminal justice system that can enable wrongful convictions.

Aditi Goel, a clinical instructor at Harvard Law School’s Criminal Justice Institute, spoke about “draconian” mandatory minimum sentences, lack of funding for public defenders, and the lengthy amount of time people wait for trial, which can incentivize plea deals.

Rahsaan D. Hall, director of the Racial Justice Program at the American Civil Liberties Union in Massachusetts and a former prosecutor, condemned the “nature and culture” of prosecution itself.

“It is the cultural inertia of white supremacy that uplifts these ideas and practices,” Hall said. “And it funnels through every aspect so that even a black man like myself, as a pros-

ecutor, is an instrument of that white supremacy.”

Radha Natarajan, executive director of the New England Innocence Project, spoke about the preponderance of minor marijuana or driving offenses in criminal convictions as well as prejudice against African American men.

“What is a wrongful conviction? That has to be broader than what people traditionally think of,” Natarajan said. “It has to be about who is brought into the system to begin with.”

Beyond “band-aid” solutions to wrongful convictions, panelists suggested broader solutions and reforms, including using social media as an educational tool and pushing for legislation.

“You can’t just fight the case inside the courtroom,” Johnson said. “You have to fight it outside the courtroom too.”

Joseph R. Feffer ’21, an event attendee and HOPE organizer, said he appreciated the opportunity to learn more about ways individuals can prevent wrongful convictions.

“I think a lot of times people come to panels like these and walk away and go back to our Harvard lives,” Feffer said.

“But the things said about going to jury duty, making sure you’re watching court, voting in District Attorney elections, are very easy actions that we all can do. That’s what what I’m going to take away the most from this.” amanda.su@thecrimson.com

From the Law School to Longwood,

affect millions of Americans.

“Part one is that we say that we’re going to roll back student loan debt for about 95 percent of students who have debt,” said Warren, who is also a Harvard Law School professor emerita.

“Part two is to make sure that we never get in this mess again on student loan debt and that is to make college universally available with free tuition and fees.”

The candidates also agreed that Trump must be further investigated, and some said Congress should strongly consider impeachment. Sanders, however, said he is concerned that conversations about impeachment could take away from discussion of other vital issues including climate change and minimum wage.

“If... we’re not talking about health care, we’re not talking about raising the minimum wage to a living wage, we’re not talking about combating climate change, we’re not talking about sexism and racism and homophobia, and all of the issues that concern ordinary Americans, what I worry about is that works to Trump’s advantage,” Sanders said.

During his hour, Sanders faced a question about whether certain felons should retain their right to vote. Sanders said all citizens should be able to vote, a response that prompted some applause. But when Buttigieg answered the same question a few hours later in the negative, he received even greater applause.

The candidates also received questions about their plans to tackle climate change, and all said they support the goals of the Green New Deal, a progressive proposal that includes

broad initiatives for tackling climate change.

Harris and Warren said outright they support the Green New Deal. “[The Green New Deal] puts timelines in effect. It appreciates that we need to take this seriously and the clock is ticking every day on this issue, and every day we fail to act will be to our collective consequence,” Harris said.

Klobuchar did not directly say if she would support the deal but instead said she would bring back Obama-era environmental policies.

“As your president, on day one I would get us back into the international climate change agreement,” Klobuchar said.

“On day two and day three, I would bring back the clean power rules that the Obama administration worked out that will make a big dent in this.”

“And I would propose sweeping legislations for green buildings and new ideas,” she added.

Students who attended said they appreciated having the chance to go to the event. The IOP rented four buses to shuttle students to and from New Hampshire Monday night, and paid for their dinners. Some students said they were not surprised the IOP sponsored such an event.

“I think that there’s a lot of things that the IOP does like this. And given the connections that they have to the political world, it seemed very fitting,” said attendee Nicholas T. Wyville ’20.

Attendee Sean P. Quirk, a student at Harvard Kennedy School and Harvard Law School who served as an officer in the U.S. Navy said he appreciated the format of the town halls.

“Because the town halls were back-to-back, we got to see some of the exact same questions answered from different candidates. And it created almost like a case study of how to answer a question or how not to,” Quirk said.

Fengyao “Diana” Ding ’20, who asked Harris a question, said she found the experience to be both “nerve-wracking” and exciting.

“I was like trembling for a solid minute,” she said. “It was really cool how the entire time it was basically just students asking questions… It really lived up to the spirit of what a town hall is supposed to be.”

Several students said the town hall could impact their vote during the Democratic primaries.

Danielle Foltz ’20 said she thought Warren gave “direct” and “thorough” answers. She said she was also moved by Harris’s discussion of maternal mortality, a topic on which Foltz said she may write her thesis.

IOP President Anna L. Duffy ’21 said the IOP chose to co-sponsor the event to “engage” and “excite” students.

Nearly all of the students who received an offer to attend after applying accepted the invitation, Duffy said.

“I think that just says something about the enthusiasm for this event on Harvard’s campus,” Duffy said. “Lately, we’ve been seeing actually a spike in terms of voter engagement among millennials, and our generation. So [co-sponsoring the event is] recognizing that and recognizing the influence that young people can have on politics today.” devin.srivastava@thecrimson.com

FRYER FROM PAGE 1

Complainant Withdraws MCAD Complaint Agianst Fryer apologizing to employees who felt “alienated, confused or offended by the environment” and denying that he sexually harassed or retaliated against employees.

The former employee’s “complaint narrative” attached to the MCAD filing alleged Fryer sexually harassed the complainant over a nearly threeyear period while she worked at the EdLabs, the research group he founded. The complainant also wrote that she reported his behavior to Harvard human resources officers at least three times.

The complainant alleged Fryer spoke about sex in the office, joked about employees’ sex lives — including speculating about employees having sex with one another — and sent employees explicit text messages. She repeated her allegations in a separate Title IX complaint filed with Harvard. The Office for Dispute Resolution — which investigates formal Title IX complaints — substantiated six out of the 32 examples she provided of Fryer making sexual remarks, the Times reported in December.

The complainant also wrote in the MCAD filing that after she reported Fryer, he “made allegations of performance issues” against her and “tried to

have her fired.” She repeated a similar claim in her Title IX complaint, but the Times reported that an ODR investigator could not substantiate the allegation.

The “hostile” environment at EdLabs eventually forced the complainant to leave her job, according to her account.

“The sexually hostile environment in the EdLabs office has caused [the complainant] substantial stress. It was eventually so toxic that she was compelled to go out on disability leave,” the complaint stated.

The Times reported that an ODR investigator found that Fryer’s “persistent and pervasive” conduct led to stress that later caused the complainant to take disability leave.

The complainant also alleged Allan participated in the sexually hostile climate Fryer allegedly fostered at EdLabs.

Allan declined to comment on the complaint.

Finally, the complainant alleged Faculty of Arts and Sciences Director of HR Programs and Operations Katharyn Santoro — to whom the employee went with concerns about Fryer — and another Harvard HR employee failed in their obligation to prevent Fryer and Allan from retaliating against her.

The complainant was one

of at least four EdLabs employees to contact HR with concerns about EdLabs staff over a ten-year periodw, according to her MCAD allegations and two sources with direct knowledge of the matter.

Harvard spokesperson Rachael Dane declined to comment on the complaint.

The MCAD investigation was just one of five investigations that Fryer has faced over the past year. Harvard opened three Title IX inquiries into Fryer as well as an investigation into his finances and personal spending.

The Title IX complainants alleged Fryer engaged in unwelcome sexual conduct stretching back years and that he created a hostile environment for women at EdLabs.

Fryer has repeatedly denied these allegations.

ODR issued findings last fall with regard to two of the three Title IX investigations into Fryer. The financial inquiry is still ongoing, and findings have not yet been issued.

Asked about the financial investigation, Fryer told the Times that he “hired a first-rate finance team to insure both transparency and full compliance with Harvard policy.” shera.avi-yonah@thecrimson.com

Proud to cover Harvard for 146 years and counting.

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SPORTS

WEEKLY RECAP

SCORES

WOMEN’S GOLF IVY LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIPS 1ST ___________________________________________________________

WOMEN’S LACROSSE VS. BROWN L, 10-9 ___________________________________________________________

MEN’S GOLF IVY LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIPS 6TH ___________________________________________________________

MEN’S LACROSSE VS. PRINCETON L, 19-15 ___________________________________________________________

MEN’S HEAVYWEIGHT CREW VS. NO. 7 PRINCETON W ___________________________________________________________

SOFTBALL VS. PRINCETON W, 4-3 ___________________________________________________________

WOMEN’S HEAVYWEIGHT CREW VS. NO. 8 BROWN L ___________________________________________________________

BASEBALL VS. DARTMOUTH W, 2-1 ___________________________________________________________

TRACK FEATURE

The Welshman: Freshman Thrower Eyes Big Stage

By MAHTAB SHIHAB CRIMSON STAFF WRITER

Freshman thrower Sam Welsh is no stranger to success. Coming into his collegiate career with a national title and a state record in the discus and a personal record of 59-1 in the shot put, Welsh was already one of the most decorated throwers in the country. Harvard had not boasted a thrower with this much ceiling since Nick Sweeney, an Irishman who made four straight Olympics in the discus beginning in 1992.

His success has not waned in college, competing against the best throwers in the Ancient Eight. He already has the best mark in the league in the discus and has placed first in three different meets. The most surprising thing about Welsh’s success?

He had never thrown in a competition until his junior year of high school.

“I began throwing discus after my sophomore year in high school,” Welsh said. “At the time, I had decided that I no longer wanted to pursue a career in baseball or basketball so I was looking for something else to do. I went to a track practice to try my hand at throwing, not knowing anything about the sport. I launched the discus as far as I could and I was told that it would be a new school record if I could do it in a meet.”

Welsh saw that he had an uncanny talent for throwing and was motivated to try to excel at a sport he had never tried before.

Had the track coach not realized Welsh’s abilities, he would not have discovered a passion that has been such as significant part of his life for the past three years.

“The following summer consisted of many hours throwing in a dirt field and watching YouTube videos to learn technique” Welsh said. “In my first meet of junior year, I threw 183’ 9” which broke that school record by over 70 feet. I eventually increased my mark to 212’ 0” which broke the all-time New England record and I won the National Championship in my senior year.”

Welsh’s accomplishments in such a short period of time is unprecedented. One can only imagine how unbreakable his

records would be had he started throwing earlier. As he started participating in more competitive meets, Welsh’s pre-meet routines matured to give him the most composure and poise before he had to throw.

“Before a big meet, I will have one practice the day before, simulating the meet as much as possible,” Welsh said.

“Visualization is also very important because it allows me to ‘feel’ a lot of good throws without burning myself out. My best meets have been when I have felt really relaxed, so going into each meet I just try to have fun with it and perform the best that I am capable of.”

One of the keys to his success has been isolating his performance from everyone else’s.

Rather than focusing on how his competitors are throwing, he concentrates on what he can control and his process.

His mental progression is why he was able to develop from an elite thrower to the best in the country.

After having a set of stellar throws his senior year, all over 180 feet, he broke through with a mark of 202-4 in the discus at the Concord Relays his senior year. From there, he won New Balance Nationals and set the New England record in the discus with a mark of 212-0.

Once his collegiate career began, he continued his success with six different top three finishes during the indoor season.

At the Ivy League Heptagonal Championships, he placed seventh, an impressive finish, but not as well as he hoped. He had a mark of 52-10.5, which was well below his personal best of 59-1. To have a better result at Ivy Heps this outdoor season, he changed his training regime.

“In the indoor season, I spent a lot of time in the weight room gaining as much strength as possible,” Welsh said. “As the outdoor season progresses, I have been focusing more on technique and explosiveness.

When training for an event such as discus, it is crucial to gain as much strength as possible in the offseason before turning to a focus on explosive movements during competition season. As nationals approaches, I will be going lighter in the weight room but moving faster with my exer-

BEGINNER’S LUCK Freshman thrower Sam Welsh didn’t even begin his sport until his junior year of high school. He’s gone from rookie to among the top of the Ancient Eight in three years. MATTHEW W. DESHAW—CRIMSON PHOTOGRAPHER

cises and through the circle.”

Concentrating on his technique and explosiveness has paid off for the Lunenburg, Mass., native. He demonstrated his prowess against Ivy League rival Yale by winning the Harvard/Yale dual meet and also competed against the best in the nation at the Texas Relays.

“It was amazing to throw against the best in the country as a freshman,” Welsh said. It’s not every day that I feel small compared to those around me but those guys were huge... The

competition gave me experience throwing at a national caliber meet, which will help me for the rest of the season. I look forward to facing them again in future competitions and next time, I’ll be ready to give them a good fight.”

With over a month of the season having passed, Welsh is now gearing up for the biggest meets of the season such as Ivy Heps, NCAAs, and USA Nationals.

“My goal now is to lock in new changes to my form and ramp up my explosiveness,”

Welsh said. “I also want perform as well as I can at NCAAs and hopefully qualify for USA Nationals.”

When Welsh isn’t training or doing his work, he is working on his dunk reels. The freshman thrower has an impressive array of dunks that has been noticed by multiple Instagram pages such as Dunkademics and TeamFlightBrothers.

“I’ve always loved the sport of basketball,” Welsh said. “One of my dreams was to dunk like the players I would watch on

TV so I began my jump training at the age of 12. I got my first dunk by age 14 and it took off from there. I love dunking in my free time and I am always trying to get better. In addition to my Olympic goals, I hope to be a professional dunker and test the limits of my jumping ability.”

As the outdoor season concludes, be on the lookout for more record-breaking performances by Welsh and more impressive highlight dunks. mahtab.shihab@thecrimson.com

MEN’S AND WOMEN’S TENNIS

Harvard Teams Best Cornell, Drop to Columbia

By EAMON J. MCLOUGHLIN CRIMSON STAFF WRITER

Both the men’s and women’s tennis teams both went 1-1 over the weekend, with both programs picking up wins versus Cornell on Saturday before falling to Columbia on Sunday.

While the men’s team remains in the hunt for the Ivy League title, needing a win in its final

match in addition to a Columbia loss, the women’s loss to Columbia brought its season to a close.

WOMEN’S

Harvard (17-7, 5-2 Ivy) opened its final weekend of Ivy League play with a strong showing at Cornell (6-16, 0-7), as it cruised to a 4-0 victory in Ithaca, N.Y. The win was the Crimson’s ninth in its last 10.

Senior captain Erica Oosterhout and junior Natasha Gonzalez opened the day with a strong doubles showing, picking up a quick win in a 6-2 victory. The win marked the pair’s teambest eleventh on the season.

Sophomore Anna Li and freshman Annika Bassey rounded out doubles play with another 6-2 victory.

Gonzalez added a 6-1, 6-2

RAQUETEERING Despite the weekend loss to Columbia, Harvard men’s tennis still has a chance at the Ancient Eight crown supposing a Crimson win and Lions loss next week. TIMOTHY R. O’MEARA—CRIMSON PHOTOGRAPHER

victory in singles play, bringing her to 14 singles wins for the season, which ties junior Jenna Friedel for the best on the team.

Junior Irene Lu continued her hot streak, adding a 6-1, 7-5 win for her seventh straight singles victory.

Harvard then travelled to New York on Sunday to face No. 44 Columbia (15-4, 4-3) in its final regular season match of its 2018-2019 season. Columbia came out on top, 4-2, after a back and forth affair, which saw the Crimson pick up the doubles point before faltering in singles play.

“I’m really proud of what we accomplished over the weekend and over this season in general,” Oosterhout said. “Even though we didn’t get the result we wanted in our Columbia match, everybody played really well, and everybody was fighting out there to the last second, and that’s really all you can ask for.”

Oosterhout and Gonzalez added another victory to open doubles play, winning a 7-6(8) nailbiter. Freshman Rachel Lim and Friedel then secured the doubles point with a 7-5 victory.

But as the teams moved into singles play, Harvard’s momentum began to fade, and it dropped its first three singles points.

A win from freshman Rachel Eason, along with close matches from Gonzales and Lu kept the Crimson in the match going into the final stretch. Ultimate-

ly, Harvard couldn’t pull out the win, ending its hopes of an Ivy League victory with a second-place finish.

“I think the team is in a good spot,” Oosterhout said. “There are only two seniors so most of the team will be coming back and they know the drill and the freshmen have the experience now. So I think things are looking up for next year, as long as everybody stays healthy and works hard, I think it’ll be great.”

MEN’S

No. 38 Harvard (18-6, 5-1) got its final full weekend of Ivy League contests off to a strong start as it defeated Cornell 4-3 in a comeback victory. The win was the Crimson’s eighth in a row.

Freshmen duo Steven Sun and Harris Walker got the first win of the day for Harvard, cruising to a 6-1 victory. Freshman Brian Shi and sophomore Robert Wrzesinski then picked up the doubles point for the Crimson with a 6-4 win in the top doubles spot.

Shi and Walker continued their strong showing on the day, picking up 6-4, 4-6, 6-4 and 6-4, 2-6, 7-5 wins in the third and fourth slots, respectively. Shi’s win completed Harvard’s 4-3 comeback, after it dropped the first three matches in singles play.

“I thought it was a really strong performance from our guys, this past weekend,”

co-captain Andy Zhou said.

“We had a very good showing against Cornell and were able to come back from a bit of a deficit to win that match. And that put us in a really good position with a lot of positive momentum moving into Sunday’s match against Columbia.”

Harvard’s final home match of the season came on Sunday, as they fell 4-1 against No. 16 Columbia (18-6, 5-1). The Crimson picked up the doubles point before falling to the Lions in singles play.

Sun and Walker picked up a 6-1 doubles to get the day started, the pair’s second win of the weekend. Shi and Wrzesinski’s subsequent 6-4 victory captured the doubles point for Harvard.

Singles play proved tougher for the Crimson, as Sun dropped his singles match, 7-5, 6-4, while Wrzesinski also fell early, 6-1, 6-1. Sophomore Lane Leschly’s and Walker’s ensuing losses ended Harvard’s chances, as they fell 6-2, 7-5 and 6-3, 4-6, 6-3, respectively.

“I’m glad to see that even though we weren’t able to provide the result, objectively, we’ve been having a strong season as far as results go.” Zhou said. “I’m confident that with our experience, and with that under our belt, we still have a lot of great tennis to play, and the best is still ahead.” eamon.mcloughlin@thecrimson.com