مجسمات ونماذج تقنية معمارية by ARCH-Essam

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹] ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

٢٠٤



٢٠٤

‫א‬





 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬     K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬??? ?‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





٢٠٤

‫א‬





،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬٢٥٠٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬KK  ‫א‬‫א‬

J F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬EE‫א‬KK…– 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 



  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   

‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬   ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KW‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ •  K‫א‬‫• א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 

-١-

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W



‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ 



Drafting Tool‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

١–١



، ‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

–‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬F W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ •



 E١FE‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬E١F E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ • 

   ‫א‬E٢F -٢-



‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬   W  ‫א‬‫א‬ • ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 E٣FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 K       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F 

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢–١ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٣-

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١–٢–١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:Matte knife ‫• א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬

‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K  ‫א‬(Vinyl Cutting mat)‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F 

        

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٥F  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫• א‬



‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K‫א‬

 

-٤-

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F 

‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬Wscissors‫• א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧F

   



 ‫א‬E٧F 

 ‫א‬J ٢–٢–١ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣–١ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   -٥-

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬



،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬

 E٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W((Hot glue gunFF‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F‫א‬



،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬E١١F‫א‬

-٦-



‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





        ‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F 



   

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١F

  ،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬



    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢F

 

-٧-

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤–١ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 

 E١٣FW‫א‬ • 

   

 ‫א‬E١٣F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،   W  ‫• א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤F‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

       



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤F  -٨-

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

‫א‬،،  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١–٢ ،‫א‬٨٠C١٢٠ ٧٠C١٠٠F ‫א‬  E١٥FKE٧٥C١١٠      

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٥F  ‫א‬J ٢–٢ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    E١٦FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬E١٦F

-٩-

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬J ٣–٢  ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬J  ‫א‬  J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬E١٧F‫א‬‫א‬      



 ‫א‬E١٧F  ‫א‬J ٤–٢ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬،

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

‫א‬‫א‬

-١-

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

•

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

•



 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ •  K‫א‬‫א‬

•

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W



J  ‫א‬  ‫א‬–  ‫א‬‫א‬–  ‫א‬،E‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 

،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫…א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫א‬ ، W‫א‬J ١J ١

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨F‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨F ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬J ٢–١   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬E١٩F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E١٩F - ١٢ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J ٣–١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J ٤–١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬

 K

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١F ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥–١ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢F‫א‬K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢F ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J ٦–١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣F

- ١٤ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  ‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬KK‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٠ : ١ ٥٠ : ١ ١٠٠ : ١ ١٢٥ : ١ ٢٠٠ : ١ ٢٥٠ : ١

‫א‬ O

S HO TT N Z

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F

- ١٥ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬، ‫א‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 KEKKKKKKK––‫א‬F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

•

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ •  K‫א‬‫א‬

•

 KE………‫א‬––F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

•

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

•

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬W ، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬  (PRESENTATIN

MODEL)

W‫א‬‫א‬J ١–١ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬

،E‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬،  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤F

- ١٧ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







(STUDY MODEL)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

٢–١ 

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

(MASSING MODEL) ‫א‬‫א‬J

١–٢–١ 

،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٥F‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F - ١٨ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





(SITE CONTOR MODEL)

‫א‬‫א‬J ٢–٢–١

‫א‬،E  ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٢٦FK‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬E٢٦F 

(CONTEXT MODEL) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

٣–٢–١ 

  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٧F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧F - ١٩ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 (INTERIOR MODEL) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤–٢–١ ،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٢٨FK‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨F  (FAÇADE MODEL) ‫א‬‫א‬J ٥–٢–١ ‫א‬‫א‬F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٩F‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬–

 ‫א‬E٢٩F - ٢٠ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬







(SECTION MODEL)‫א‬‫א‬J

٦–٢–١ 

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٣٠F‫א‬K………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠F (STRUCTURE MODEL) ‫א‬‫א‬J ٧–٢–١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣١F - ٢١ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬J ١–٢ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬J ١–١–٢

 

‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،١٠٠W١‫א‬  ‫א‬،٥٠W١ W١١٠٠٠W١٥٠٠W١F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٢٠٠٠ K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢–١–٢ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢–٢

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E–––‫א‬–

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ 

- ٢٢ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





‫א‬ ‫א‬–

‫א‬

‫א‬



١٠٠J ٥٠W١

‫א‬‫א‬

 

٤٠٠J ٢٠٠–١٠٠W١

‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬J 

١٠٠J ٥٠W١

‫א‬



٥٠٠J ١٠٠W١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٥٠J ٢٥W١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

٥٠J ٢٥W١

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬–

٢٥J ١٠W١

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٥J ١٠W١

‫א‬‫א‬

 –

–‫א‬‫א‬

 J ‫א‬   ‫א‬

 J    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F

- ٢٣ -



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٧ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

KE‫א‬J –‫א‬–F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ 

 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ •  K‫א‬‫• א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬  K‫א‬ •



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٤ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ،، ‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W 

 (Flat Plat)‫א‬‫א‬J ١–١   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 

(Contoured Plat)‫א‬‫א‬J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢–١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

F، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٢F‫א‬   (Hillside Plat)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

، ‫א‬    ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬

٣–١

، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٪٥٠H‫א‬٪٥٠F،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EHE‫א‬F‫א‬H - ٢٥ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





E٣٣F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K       

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٢F         ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٣F



 

- ٢٦ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W



‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬J ١–٢ E––‫א‬–F‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬J ٢–٢  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،E‫א‬KKKKKK‫–א‬‫–א‬ ‫א‬‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬     

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬–٣–٣  W‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١–٢–٣

،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

•

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE٣٤F

 - ٢٧ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





   



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤F



‫א‬‫א‬، ٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣٥F‫א‬ .‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٦F     

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥F

   

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٦F

- ٢٨ -



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬–٢–٢–٢ ،E    F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J ٣–٢–٢

٥٠L١  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W  ‫א‬J ١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠L١‫א‬

٥٠{٢L١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٩FE٣٧F‫א‬E ‫א‬، ٢L١‫א‬W ‫א‬J C٧٥ ٧٥C٧٥‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬   K٩٠

- ٢٩ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





        ‫א‬E٣٧F

      

 K‫א‬E٣٨F  

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٩F ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤L١–١٦L٣‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬E‫א‬F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ٤٥‫א‬ - ٣٠ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





E٤٠F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ، K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٠F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤ ‫א‬،، ٨L١‫א‬

KE٤١F       

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤١F 

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥

١٦L١  ، ٨L١‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣١ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦ ‫א‬E٤٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٣F‫א‬،‫א‬       

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢F        ‫א‬‫א‬E٤٣F



،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬J ٧ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤L١‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬‫א‬،،

K ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬١٦L١‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬E٤٤F‫א‬K‫א‬  - ٣٢ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





          ‫א‬‫א‬E٤٤F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬J ٨ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E٤٥F‫א‬KK  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬٩٠C٧٥٤L٣‫א‬،‫א‬     



 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤٥F  - ٣٣ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١–٣  

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬



K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫• א‬ ‫א‬،  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٣٤ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬، ‫א‬ W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ K K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢–٣ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •



K‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 

 - ٣٥ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬



، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،(Modeling Program)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Plotter)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Laser Cutting Machine) ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬KKKKKK‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F  W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬



(Rendering Software)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  (Rendering Engine)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Solid Modelling)  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_‫א‬ 

- ٣٦ -



‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       

‫ ﺳﻢ‬١٥

  ‫ ﺳﻢ‬٨

 

‫ﺳﻢ‬١٢

 

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ٣٧ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬‫א‬  LLW‫א‬

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬٪٧٠W‫א‬‫א‬J J J J J J J J W‫א‬ ‫א‬٪١٠٠W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬   J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

:‫ﺎت‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈ‬

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬    - ٣٨ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ٢‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬

 K‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •



 • ‫א‬ • ‫א‬ •

 •

 •  • 

  W KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬‫א‬  LLW‫א‬

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬٪٧٠W‫א‬‫א‬J J J J J J J J W‫א‬ ‫א‬٪١٠٠W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  • K‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬ ‫א‬   

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬    - ٤٠ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ٣‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬              - ٤١ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  • ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ 

  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬      - ٤٢ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ٤‫א‬‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬         

W KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK - ٤٣ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬٪٧٠W‫א‬‫א‬J J J J J J J J W‫א‬ ‫א‬٪١٠٠W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬       - ٤٤ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ٥‫א‬‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬––F‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬–––‫א‬   W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١L‫א‬‫א‬  K٢٠‫א‬٥‫א‬

J ١

K١٠

J ٢

K١٥‫א‬‫א‬٨

J ٣

 K١٥‫א‬‫א‬٨

J ٤



      

W

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK  - ٤٥ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬‫א‬  LLW‫א‬

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  • K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬   

- ٤٦ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ٦‫א‬‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬ H‫א‬HF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKK 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬–––‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K١٥H٢٥‫א‬٦‫א‬J ١

١٦ ‫א‬‫א‬٨ H١٥J ٢ K

‫א‬H١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬٨  J ٣  K٢٥‫א‬٦ 

       

W

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK - ٤٧ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  • K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬     - ٤٨ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 E١٥FE٧F‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬F  W‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠L١‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬–––‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬ ‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬F،E  ٠‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬ 

     

W KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K

‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ 

  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬

- ٥٠ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 E١٥FE٧F‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬F



 W‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠L١‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬–––‫א‬   W‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬         

W KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ٥١ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬

  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ • K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬ 

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 E١٥FE٧F‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬F



 W‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠L١‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬–––‫א‬   W‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        

W KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ٥٣ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬٪٧٠W‫א‬‫א‬J J J J J J J J W‫א‬ ‫א‬٪١٠٠W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬ ‫א‬   

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬     

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 E١٥FE٧F‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F



 W‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠L١‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬–––‫א‬   W‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K 

     W

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ٥٥ -

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W ‫א‬‫א‬  LLW‫א‬

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 E١٥FE٧F‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬F



 W‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠L١‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬–––‫א‬   W‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

  

W

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬‫א‬  LLW‫א‬J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬       

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 E١٥FE٧F‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬F  W‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠L١‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  



W

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬   

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬     

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 E١٥FE٧F‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬F  W‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠L١‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬‫א‬  LLW‫א‬  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬  ١٠

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ 

 

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬   

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 E١٥FE٧F‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬F  W‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠L١‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬





 E١٥FE٧F‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬F  W‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠٠L١‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬–––‫א‬  W‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠٤

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬‫א‬  LLW‫א‬ J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬

 ١٠

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •   ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

  J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J W‫א‬ 

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‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬



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1 - Mills, Criss B.,(2000), Designing with Models: A Studio Guide to Making and Using Architectural Design Models., John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York. 2 - Kicklighter, Clois E, (1995), Architecture: Residential Drawing and Design. The goodheart-Willcox Company, inc. Illinois. 3 - Weidhaas, Ernest R. & Wedhaas, Mark D., (1999), Residential Architecture: Design & Drafting. Delmar Publishers, New York. .

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 ‫א‬ ١

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬W

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 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

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 ١٧

 ‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W

 ٢٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 ٦٧

 ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬



      

      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS