Professional best practice from the Institution of Lighting Professionals September 2022 The publication for all lighting professionals SPACE TO LEARN How contrast and variation are making UCLan’s new student centre stand out SIGNS OF THE TIMES What to expect from new guidance for tackling poorly lit media façades BODY CONSCIOUS Academics are taking the lead on understanding healthy light exposure
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06 CONSCIOUSBODY Optimising lighting to meet our biological needs always requires careful consideration and design. Academics have now developed a framework of consensus recommendations for healthy light exposure, as Professor Timothy Brown explains 12 SIGNS OF THE TIMES Illuminated media façades are becoming ever-more ubiquitous on our streets, with concern about their impact on light pollution, spill and intensity at night. So much so that the ILP is fast-tracking a review of its seminal PLG05 guidance and CIE is updating its guidance. Allan Howard looks at what we may expect 16 TOSPACELEARN The lighting scheme for the new £60m student centre at the University of Central Lancashire in Preston emphasises adaptability and sustainability, along with intentional use of contrast and a variety of different light levels. Nick Meddows reports 22 PROTECTING OUR DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE Standards’ organisation BSI is working with the government to develop two fast-track standards for multifunctional ‘smart’ lighting and CCTV columns. As Peter Lee and Nick Wiggin write, ILP members can have their say 28 THEFACINGFUTURE From the challenge of hitting net zero through to what ‘lighting 4.0’ might look like, LS17, the 17th International Symposium on the Science & Technology of Lighting in June, was both thoughtprovoking and reaffirmed the immense value of meeting fellow lighting professionals, argues Stuart Mucklejohn 32TALKINGNIGHT LUCI, Lighting Urban Community International, recently ran a two-day conference to both celebrate its twentieth anniversary and attempt to unpick the future of urban and public realm lighting 40‘BE THE CHANGE YOU WANT TO SEE’ President Fiona Horgan used the Professional Lighting Summit in Bristol to outline how the ILP is developing a new five-year strategy for growth, development and transformation 44‘THERE IS A REAL BATTLE FOR RESOURCES’ The ILP also used the Bristol Summit to announce a formal collaboration with APSE, the Association for Public Service Excellence, while chief executive Paul O’Brien outlined some of the ongoing challenges facing local authority lighting professionals 48 REFURBISHMENTROYAL Installed for Queen Elizabeth’s coronation, two matching heritage columns on Southport’s historic Lord Street were at risk of collapse. As Polly Wedgbury, Stephen Hart and Will Hebden show, a painstaking refurbishment meant they were proudly back in place in time for this summer’s Platinum Jubilee celebrations 52 ROUND-THE-CLOCK CARE Installing circadian lighting in a care home led to improvements in behaviour and sleep patterns for residents, a research project has tentatively concluded, but also took some getting used to by staff 56 ‘TURNING INTIMIDATINGAN SPACE INTO A SAFE ONE MAKES ME FEEL GOOD’ Lindsey McPhillips, senior lighting engineer at City of Edinburgh Council and Chair of ILP Scotland, looks back on her route into the industry, and how lighting continues to inspire her COVER PICTURE The suspended bespoke atrium lighting that is a centrepiece of the University of Central Lancashire’s (UCLan) new £60m student centre in Preston. Turn to page 16, where Nick Meddows explains the story behind BDP’s innovative lighting scheme. Photograph by Jack Hobhouse Contents 32484016 22 www.theilp.org.uk SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 3 anolislighting.com CALUMMA™OUR FAMILYNEW
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Ultimately, what the Bristol Professional Lighting Summit showed me is that, yes, we can all be thankful about the return to at least some semblance of post-Covid normality. The future, however, looks complex and challenging. That makes it even more important the ILP remains effective, innovative, engaging, valued and relevant for the whole light ing profession. The new strategy is an important step in ensuring that and embracing this new future.
It’s not, of course, going to mean radical change overnight but, as President Fiona Horgan and Chief Executive Justin Blades explain from page 40, what it does do is articulate a road map to help the ILP respond and rise to the challenges and pressures of the next few years.
M uch of the detail may yet need to be fleshed out but, to my mind, the ILP’s new 2022-2026 five-year strategy is potentially a big deal, for individual members, for the ILP as an Institution and for the wider lighting industry as a whole.
The results, including developing and delivering a whole suite of lively online events and activities almost overnight, have been hugely impressive. Through the Hi Lights pro gramme, the ILP has also done an amazing job in keeping members connected and sup ported, especially those going through tough times, something it continues to do extremely well.
Longer term, as was brought home to all of us during the unprecedented heatwaves this summer (including in Bristol), there is the increasingly urgent challenge of how the industry can and should respond to global heating and climate change.
Nic Paton Editor Editor’s letter Volume 87 No 8 September 2022 President Fiona Horgan Chief Executive Justin Blades Editor Nic Paton BA (Hons) MA Email: forgrouppeerLightingnic.cormorantmedia@outlook.comJournal’scontentischosenandevaluatedbyvolunteersonourreaderpanel,reviewgroupandasmallrepresentativewhichholdsfocusmeetingsresponsiblethestrategicdirectionofthepublication.Ifyouwouldliketovolunteertobeinvolved,pleasecontacttheeditor.Wealsowelcomereaderletterstotheeditor. Graphic & Layout Design George Eason Email: george@matrixprint.com Advertising Manager Andy Email:Ethertonandy@matrixprint.com Published by Matrix Print Consultants Ltd on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 E-mail: Website:info@theilp.org.ukwww.theilp.org.uk Produced by Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C,Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: Website:gary@matrixprint.comwww.matrixprint.com © ILP 2022 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain. Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor. SUBSCRIPTIONS ILP members receive Lighting Journal every month as part of their membership. You can join the ILP online, through www.theilp.org.uk. Alternatively, to subscribe or order copies please email Diane Sterne at diane@theilp.org.uk. The ILP also provides a Lighting Journal subscription service to many libraries, universities, research establishments, non-governmental organisations, and local and national governments. www.theilp.org.uk SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 5 ILLUMINATING INTERIORS AMBIANE™ AP WARMINGanolislighting.comCOLOURS& ADJUSTABLE WHITES
In many respects, the ILP has navigated the last two-and-a-half years of pandemic and global and economic uncertainties pretty well. Membership numbers have held up, the sector continues to be robust, volunteers and members remain deeply engaged and com mitted, and the team at Rugby pivoted very swiftly and effectively to the ‘digital first’ approach we were all forced to embrace in early 2020.
Sustainability and the circular economy were key talking points of the Summit – and we’ll be bringing you some of those discussions in Lighting Journal over the coming months. To that end I, for one, am very pleased the strategy emphasises the importance of the ILP being at the forefront of ‘sustainable lighting solutions that help us to live, work and play without harming the environment around us.’
The fact we are now able to look beyond the pandemic and think about the return of ‘normality’ is of course great news for everyone. However, it also needs to be recognised that ‘normal’ is not, and probably never will be, the same as ‘before’. This was evidenced by the fact June’s Professional Lighting Summit in Bristol was not just a hugely successful return to face-to-face CPD and networking but also for the first time a hybrid event. Members who could not attend in person were able to follow and engage with the CPD and presentations online, including being involved in the Q&A sessions.‘Digital first’ is therefore set to remain a key strand of the ILP’s thinking as the strategy develops. However, the ILP is very clear there will still be a place – and an important one at that – for conventional communication tools (such as a physical publication such as Lighting Journal) and membership engagement (such as face-to-face training and events).Theindustry also faces many significant challenges. There’s the ongoing impact and uncertainty of supply chain disruption and spiralling prices, with the war in Ukraine and Brexit both continuing to make themselves felt. As Paul O’Brien of the Association for Public Service Excellence outlined at Bristol (from page 44), funding and skills pressures remain onerous too, and the ILP’s new collaboration with APSE will, I am sure, prove extremely valuable in that context.
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 6
Optimising lighting to meet our biological needs always requires careful consideration and design. Academics have now developed a framework of consensus recommendations for healthy light exposure
By Professor Timothy Brown
A
ll lighting professionals will be well aware of the critical role that artifi cial lighting has played across human history in enabling us to perform tasks and interact with our environ ment when (and where) the lack of natural daylight would otherwise make these impossible.Overtime, we have developed lighting technologies to better approximate the qual ities of daylight and regulations for the built environment. These have enabled us pre cisely to specify how much light should be
provided to support the visual demands of the activities undertaken in a given setting. While this provides us with the flexibility to live and work without being constrained by the rising and setting of the sun, can we be sure that the indoor environments we now increasingly experience fulfil all our body’s needs?Acornerstone of existing lighting regula tions are photometric measures (for exam ple lux), which provide a simple framework for comparing different types of lighting, by weighting light energy at different wave lengths according to its perceived bright ness, as shown in figure 1 overleaf. However, light can also exert important influences on our brains and bodies that are not consciously perceptible, such as regulat ing our internal body clock, hormone secretion, alertness and sleep. These, so-called, ‘non-visual’ responses to light are evolutionary ancient adaptations to our rotating planet that optimise brain and body function across the day and night in line with the associated changes in our environment. Our modern living and working practices and increasing reliance on indoor electric light now mean that we experience far more light during the evening and night and, often, substantially less during the day than we onceAccordingly,did. it has long been recognised that these changes in our daily ‘light diet’ can disrupt our body’s normal daily control mechanisms and negatively impact health, wellbeing and performance. Until recently, however, the key unan swered questions have been: precisely how much light is enough to appropriately recre ate ‘biological daytime’? What amount is sufficiently little to indicate ‘biological night’? CHALLENGES IN DEFINING HEALTHY LIGHTING By contrast to the existing lighting regula tions for vision, a particular challenge that has hampered attempts to answer the ques tions above has been uncertainty around how properly to measure brightness in the context of these important subconscious effects of light exposure. The key starting point for answering this actually came to light at the end of the twen tieth century with the realisation that such non-visual effects of light originated with the eyes but could still occur in people and www.theilp.org.uk
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 7 Circadian lighting
separate functions that weighted light energy across wavelengths according to the unique sensitivities of each of the individual photoreceptor cells that might contribute. That approach was then codified and extended in a recent international measure ment standard (CIE S 026), with modifica tions to make the resulting metrics fully SI compliant and compatible with existing photometric measures [2] In this new approach, the effective bright ness of any light can now be expressed in terms of the photopic properties of natural (6500K) daylight that would appear of equivalent brightness for each of the five dif ferent light sensors in the human eye (for example,Hence,melanopsin).whereverone might describe the illuminance of a lighting environment in lux, one can also describe an equivalent daylight illuminance (EDI) also in lux, for example melanopic EDI. This is illustrated in figure 2B.As originally envisioned, by enabling informed re-evaluations of past scientific data and new appropriately focused research studies, this new measurement framework rapidly drove progress in our understanding of how we could predict the propensity of different lighting conditions to regulate the body’s internal timing systems.
Figure 1b shows examples of two different common light sources scaled to provide the same photopic illuminance (300 lx). Figure 2a (above) illustrates how the melanopic function, which approximates effective brightness for ‘non-visual’ responses and, by comparison to visual sensitivity, is biased to shorter wavelength light. Figure 2b shows examples of two different common light sources that provide the same photopic illuminance (300 lx) but different melanopic EDI (reflecting the reduced shortwavelength energy in common warm white lighting)
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Accordingly, in 2019 a second interna tional expert working group convened in Manchester, with the goal of establishing quantitative recommendations for biologi cally appropriate light exposure, grounded upon the new measurement standard [3] Based on the new insights available, the unanimous consensus among the relevant experts was that the extent to which the light and lighting we might encounter across our daily lives would exert practically important influences of our body clock system, alert ness and sleep could be well predicted by a single metric – melanopic EDI.
As an initial response to the need to define an appropriate way to quantify the propensity of different types of light and lighting to drive non-visual responses, an expert working group convened in Manchester in 2013, with a view to establishing a scientific consensus as to the best path forward [1] Given the then uncertainty as to how sig nals from melanopsin, rods and cones were combined to determine effective ‘bright ness’ for regulating non-visual responses, the interim solution proposed was a set of
Figure 1a (top) shows the photopic sensitivity function, V(λ), which defines relative perceived brightness across wavelengths.
ESTABLISHING GUIDANCE FOR HEALTHY LIGHTING
Circadian lighting
animals that were completely blind (due to an absence of the rod and cone cells neces sary for vision). This rapidly led to the discovery of a new type of cell in the eye with its own unique light sensor – melanopsin. Of particular importance, the ability of this melanopsin system to detect light was found to be sub stantially biased towards much shorter wavelengths than for visually perceived (photopic) illuminance. This is shown in fig ureThis2A. discovery of the melanopsin system thus provided a ready origin for observa tions that conventional vision and nonvisual responses to light were, at least par tially,However,separable.itwas also quickly realised that the story may be more complex than it first appeared. Hence, in addition to their ability to directly detect light, the melanopsin cells were found also to receive and integrate sig nals from the retinal rods and cones before communicating light detection to the brain. As a consequence, an area of intense research over the past 20 years has been to understand how signals from each of the five light-sensing cell types in the human eye (melanopsin, rods and the ‘red’, ‘green’ and ‘blue’ cones that give rise to our colour vision) are combined to dictate how differ ent lighting environments influence brain and body function.
Figure 3. This shows expert consensus-recommended thresholds for healthy lighting and the associated expected magnitude of relevant effects of light on body rhythms and alertness/sleep, alongside current typical ranges of melanopic EDI for common for indoor and outdoor settings. Throughout daytime, the recommended minimum melanopic EDI is 250 lux. For the evening (three hours before bed) the recommended maximum is 10 lux and for the sleep environments the recommended maximum is 1 lux
Alongside other strategies to minimise unnecessary light exposure (for example use of appropriate task lighting, blackout blinds in the bedroom and so on), the target levels for evening and night time should be readily achievable in most domestic settings.Onthe other hand, throughout much of the day, many people will currently experi ence light levels somewhat (~30-60%) below the recommended minimum melan opic EDI of 250 lux. Nonetheless, here there are also various approaches that could remedy this issue. For example, commonly used office fluo rescent and LED lighting typically provides a relatively low ratio of melanopic EDI to photopic illuminance (see, again, figure 2B).Enhancing the spectral qualities of avail able light, either via newer solid-state light ing enriched for the shorter wavelengths where melanopsin is most sensitive or sim ply via increased access to natural daylight, constitutes one clear route to increase mel anopic light exposure without increasingly overallAlongsideilluminance.other strategies to increase eye-level melanopic light exposure (for example the placement, angular dispersion and size of accessible luminous surfaces and optimising the reflectance of furnish ing and finishes), achieving the recom mended daytime target need not signifi cantly compromise energy efficiency or visual comfort.
[1] Lucas RJ, Peirson SN, Berson DM, Brown TM, Cooper HM, Czeisler CA, Figueiro MG, Gamlin PD, Lockley SW, O’Hagan JB, Price LL, Provencio I, Skene DJ, and Brainard GC (2014). ‘Measuring and using light in the melanopsin age’. Trends in neurosciences 37, 1-9. Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2013.10.004 [2] CIE S 026/E:2018. CIE System for Metrology of Optical Radiation for ipRGC‐Influenced Responses to Light. (CIE Central Bureau, 2018).[3]Brown TM, Brainard GC, Cajochen C, Czeisler CA, Hanifin JP, Lockley SW, Lucas RJ, Munch M, O’Hagan JB, Peirson SN, Price LLA, Roenneberg T, Schlangen LJM, Skene DJ, Spitschan M, Vetter C, Zee PC, and Wright KP, Jr (2022). ‘Recommendations for daytime, evening, and nighttime indoor light exposure to best support physiology, sleep, and wakefulness in healthy adults’. PLoS biology 20, e3001571. Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001571 [4] CIE. S 026 a-oic toolbox. (CIE Central Bureau, Vienna, 2020), at: https://files.cie.co.at/CIE%20S%20026%20alpha-opic%20Toolbox.xlsx [5] Spitschan M, Mead J, Roos C, Lowis C, Griffiths B, Mucur P, and Herf M (2021). ‘luox: novel open-access and open-source web platform for calculating and sharing physiologically relevant quantities for light and lighting’. Wellcome Open Res 6, 69. Available online at: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16595.2 [6] Safranek S, Collier JM, Wilkerson A, and Davis RG (2020). ‘Energy impact of human health and wellness lighting recommendations for office and classroom applications’. Energy & Buildings, 110365. Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110365 Professor Timothy Brown is a professor in the Centre for Biological Timing at the University of Manchester lighting
In between the two extremes above there is, of course, a period in the evening where we require light to see but in which that light can potentially exert disruptive effects on our body’s rhythms and subsequent sleep, pushing us to stay up late and wake up late. Here, the recommended maximum mel anopic EDI of 10 lux during the evening (three hours before bedtime) is intended to mitigate, so far as possible, these issues while still providing sufficient light for common evening activities.
A more challenging area, and one where the recommendations are not currently intended to apply, is for shift workers. Here, the potentially beneficial effects of light, such as promoting alertness, may be accompanied by detrimental effects (for example on the body clock and sleep). Out side of that group, however, the recommen dations should be broadly applicable and beneficial, and therefore relevant across a range of environments from offices, educa tional and healthcare establishments to domestic and residential settings. Secondly, how achievable are these rec ommendations? Fortunately, in the con text of evening and night-time lighting in domestic settings, they are already in line with what many individuals will currently experience.Moreover, where this isn’t currently the case, there will often be straightforward and acceptable approaches to appropri ately reduce light exposure. For example, switching from currently available cool (6500K) to warm (3000K) white LED light ing would, in its own right, reduce melano pic EDI by more than 50% while retaining the same level of illuminance.
Hence, based on the consistency of find ings across various carefully controlled labo ratory studies, the observed relationships between melanopic EDI and its effects on the circadian system, hormone secretion and alertness provided a straightforward basis upon which to define clear numerical recommendations for biologically appropri ate light exposure. This is shown in figure 3 on the previous page. Accordingly, while it is well established that, in order to support daytime alertness and activity, restful sleep and overall healthy physiology, our days should be ‘bright’ and our nights ‘dark’, there is now scientifically agreed, quantitative, guidance as to what this should entail. For the daytime, the recommended mini mum melanopic EDI of 250 lux (vertically at eye level) is expected to appropriately max imise the biological signal of ‘day’ to brain systems regulating body rhythms and arousal. By contrast, for the sleep environ ment, where even low levels of light expo sure can exert disruptive effects on the body clock, sleep and physiology, keeping light exposure below a melanopic EDI of 1 lux should provide an appropriate signal of bio logical ‘night’ to minimise such issues.
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL www.theilp.org.uk 10 Circadian
PRACTICAL ASPECTS
CONCLUSIONS In summary, while optimising lighting to meet our biological needs will require care ful consideration and design, it is in no way an insurmountable challenge or one that should require major compromises in otherWithareas.the availability of tools to calculate and model melanopic EDI to aid planning and ongoing advances in solid-state light ing, the new recommendations provide an important framework to inform the design and use of lighting such that it not only sup ports our visual requirements, but also health, wellbeing and performance [4-6]
The intent behind these new recommenda tions is to provide a straightforward frame work that describes a biologically appropri ate, healthy, daily pattern of light exposure and, in turn, to inform lighting design and practice that aims to create this in indoor settings.Ofcourse, any such endeavour must also balance that goal with a range of other fac tors that already influence lighting choices, from existing regulations specifying appro priate illuminance levels to considerations around energy efficiency, visual comfort and aesthetic factors. A key consideration, then, is whether these recommendations are applicable and achievable in the real-world as part of ‘inte grative’ lighting practice. Firstly, who are the recommendations intended to apply to? Since the scientific data upon which they are based derives from healthy working-age adults, they are primar ily formulated with that group in mind. There is evidence, however, that children and older adults may be respectively more or less sensitive to light than this target demographic. Nevertheless, and impor tantly, there is a strong expectation that most individuals, regardless of age, would experience some benefit from the specified recommendations, wherever these entail increased daytime and reduced evening and night-time light exposure.
www.theilp.org.uk SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 11 North & South America Michael J Duffy E: mduffy@westire.com T: +1 847-274-6756 UK & International Sales James Wright E: jwright@westire.com T: +44 7713 958962 Irish Sales Fiona Gallagher E: fgallagher@westire.com T: +353 97 81209 HQ & Manufacturing Westire Technology Ltd, Ind. Estate, Belmullet, Co. Mayo, Ireland. E: info@westire.com T: +353 97 81200 F: +353 97 81400 Zhaga Book 18 Photocells & Accessories For further details visit westire.com Zhaga Book 18 Photocells With Various Multilevel Dimming triggered by Westire’s Advanced Astro-Clock Algorithm Simplifying Zhaga Device Installation For Wall & Pole Mounting of Zhaga Sensors & Photocells Type-A Control Device for Zhaga Book 18 D4i Ecosystem Zhaga Receptacle Mounting Bracket Kit
By Allan Howard Illuminated media façades are becoming ever-more ubiquitous on our streets, with concern about their impact on light pollution, spill and intensity at night. So much so that the ILP is fast-tracking a review of its seminal PLG05 guidance and CIE is undertaking research to develop guidance. Allan Howard looks at what we may expect I t is fair to say that most exterior lighting installations now take account of the adverse effects of obtrusive light, light nuisance and skyglow through luminaire optical control, good lighting design and control systems. The only remaining areas for concern are, arguably, domestic security lighting (considered under ILP GN09 Domestic exteriorlighting,gettingitright) and digital media displays [1] The ILP’s professional lighting guide PLG05 The brightness of illuminated SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 12
OFSIGNSTHE TIMES
These three images illustrate variance in digital display luminance versus legibility
Figure 1. These show the impact on a surrounding area as the façade display images change, with (right) the associated illuminance time plot
• the obscuring or hindering of the ready interpretation of any traffic sign, sig nal, railway signal or aid to navigation by water or air;
Illuminated advertising installations are generally designed for a purpose, which is normally to convey images, messages and information to observers located at ground level. Such installations need to be bal anced, as over-lighting can ruin the day and nightscape and cause annoyance, distrac tion, or even visual discomfort. By contrast, underlighting, where the installation brightness is too low, results in the information, effect or message that it is intended to provide being unreadable, as can be seen in the three images above.
IDENTIFYING THE ISSUES
LIGHT SPILL Essentially the luminance of the digital dis play is such that it becomes a source of illu mination to the surrounding area as can be seen in figure 1 above. The associated illuminance time plot demonstrates the impact on the surround ing area as the display images change; the normal ambient artificial lighting level being circa 15 lux but, as can be seen for sig nificant periods, that for some screen images it exceeds 100 lux.
• distraction to driving task caused by dynamic displays, transition effects between images within both direct and peripheral vision.
• a reduction or impairment in the abil ity to see caused by disability glare from light sources;
• spill light onto the road/network;
HUMAN HEALTH AND WELLBEING
Within England, Wales and Northern Ire land we have different criteria when con sidering illuminated advertisements and these only relate to such advertisements Media
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The lack of any digital display optical con trol means that as much light as is directed towards the observer is also emitted in all directions, especially at the key angles of 85 degrees to 100 degrees from the downward vertical that contribute the most to skyglow.
If we consider the dynamic illuminated façade, such as in the image on the right, whilst this is viewed from a distance it is a uniform light source displaying a dynamic understandable image. Yet, when viewed from a closer viewpoint, such as the build ing across the road, it is a non-uniform light source. Each luminaire/module is sepa rated from the adjacent ones and here the intensity of just one luminaire could be such that it would be considered as a nuisance.Beingprejudicial to health is a further consideration and here can be an issue by both day and night, again considering the dynamic illuminated façade from the closer viewing perspective such as an office or res idence opposite. The display consists of a lot of lumi naires/modules changing colour/intensity within your field of view, which has the potential to become distracting and annoying.Thiscan lead to stress, anxiety and affect your ability to sleep, which in turn can affect your ability to concentrate, all factors that can be considered as prejudicial to health.
An example of a dynamic digital façade advertisements is recognised as the docu ment when it comes to assessing illumi nated advertisements by local authority planning officers, planning inspectors and advertising industry planning profession als [2]. It is the only authoritative lighting guidance in Great Britain on which those involved in the planning process can rely.
The UK Environmental Protection Act advises that artificial light emitted from a premises can be a statutory nuisance or prejudicial to health. So, what does this mean in reality in the context of digital media displays?
Digital displays represent the latest form of illuminated advertisement and PLG05 is now being revised to include and consider these new advertising technologies.
POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS ON ROAD USERS
These can involve:
Illuminated signage and advertisements have long been an integral part of our street scene and over recent years we have seen the growth and development of small- and large-format digital displays and some media façades which, like all advertise ments, are intended to attract attention.
• the loss or impairment of vision of objects in the critical field of view (for example vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians, signals ahead) when a digital or other illuminated display forms a large part of the observable background; and
WHAT CAN BE DONE NOW?
SKYGLOW
As we have already discussed, the level of light spill from a digital display can be excessive. When it is near the windows of a premises it can exceed the recommend maximum vertical illuminance for the environmental zone within which it is located and therefore be considered a nui sance by the occupier of the premises.
[3] GN01 The reduction of obtrusive light (2021), from the ILP, https://theilp.org.uk/publication/guidance-note-1-for-the-reduction-of-obtrusive-light-2021/;
FIND OUT MORE All PLGs are free for ILP members and so, if you want to ensure you have access to the new PLG05 as soon as it is released, the best way is by signing up to become an ILP member, if you’re not already. To find out more about ILP PLGs go to ing-guidesresources/#professional-lighthttps://theilp.org.uk/ . To find out more about the benefits of ILP membership, contact Membership Services Manager Karen Suggett on Karen@theilp.org.uk located on business premises (there is no ScottishTheserequirement).requirements only relate to nighttime, are based upon advertisement size and take no consideration of the environ mental lighting zone within which they are located. PLG05 does provide additional considerations for day-time requirements, limited screen sizes and the site lighting environmental zone. All of these have really been overtaken by developments in digital media screens and façades as the technologies involved and sizes of such displays have evolved. This is not to say that we can’t look to apply other existing controls when consid ering nuisance concerns such as light spill or intensity considerations. Here we can look to apply the require ments of ILP GN01 Thereductionofobtru sive light as well as CIE 150 Guide on the LimitationoftheEffectsofObtrusiveLightwithrespecttothesefactors[3]
MOVING FORWARD This is now an internationally recognised concern and the International Commis sion on Illumination (CIE) has set up a Technical Committee (TC 4-58) to research this topic and it will provide recommenda tions and requirements. As you may expect from an international body, there are many views to be consid ered and balanced before agreement is finally (hopefully) achieved. This TC is due to report in late 2023.
DISPLAY DESIGN There is little, if anything, that can be ret rofitted to the digital displays to provide optical control to prevent skyglow and to limit the display towards unintended observers such as those in adjacent premises.Suchdevelopments are now being made by the display manufacturing industry and incorporate louvres between the individ ual LEDs.
SO WHAT WILL PLG ADVISE?
CONCLUSIONS In summary, digital media displays are generally designed for a purpose that is normally to convey images, messages and information to observers located at groundTheselevel.installations need to be balanced, as over-lighting can ruin the nightscape whereas underlighting can result in the message being displayed not to be reada ble to the intended observers. The visible display should be towards the desired observers restricting light emitted in all other directions. To this end, digital displays will need to incorporate suitable optical controls. Digital media should not become a source of area illumination and the display luminance should relate to the lighting environmental zone within which it is sit uated or Environmentalabuts. and human factor requirements are met through good plan ning requirements referencing appropri ate documents, Further to that, planners and lighting professionals should be aware that:•PLG05 will provide model conditions consent that can be used by planning authorities to ensure that the require ments of PLG05 are achieved; and • the format/frequency of the display can also be a cause of irritation or dis traction to other unintended observ ers and the display format/frequency needs to suit the location.
[1] GN09 Domestic exterior lighting: getting it right! (2019), from the ILP, https://theilp.org.uk/publication/guidance-note-9-domestic-exterior-lighting-getting-it-right/
[2] PLG05 The brightness of illuminated advertisements (2013), from the ILP, https://theilp.org.uk/publication/plg05the-brightness-of-illuminated-advertisements/
Allan Howard BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL is group technical director at WSP as well as chair of the ILP’s PLG05 review and UK panel member for the CIE TC4-58 panel
The updated PLG will advise on how digital displays can be successfully designed and operated within the environmental loca tion in which they are proposed.
Maximum recommended luminance performance requirements will be advised. These will be based upon display size, envi ronmental location and day-time ambient lighting conditions (full daylight to over castThisconditions).willalsoinclude curfew considera tions for perhaps between midnight and 05.30am, when the display should be dimmed or switched off. All of this will require a control system. Display classification is considered to take account of issues regarding distraction and wellbeing. There will be four classifications:•f1–staticnon-changing displays; • f 2 – static displays that change sequentially; • f3 – variable displays/partial motion; and • f4 – dynamic full-motion displays. To go into a little more detail, f2 displays will be required to have a fade between dis plays and a change rate of between five to tenByseconds.comparison, f3 and f4 displays will be advised as being unsuitable where they can be viewed from road junctions and other areas where driver distraction can be considered as hazardous.
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL www.theilp.org.uk 14 Media screens
The review of ILP PLG05 has been set up with a small team of internationally recog nised experts calling upon global research and ‘Outsmart’ (outsmart.org.uk/) which represents out-of-home (OOH) media owners to bring industry engagement. We are pleased to advise that they have actively embraced this work. The project is being fast-tracked and, at time of writing, was expected to report at the end of August.
CIE 150 Guide on the Limitation of the Effects of Obtrusive Light (2017), from CIE, https://cie.co.at/publications/guide-limitation-effects-obtrusive-light-outdoor-lighting-installations-2nd-edition
www.theilp.org.uk OptioNew. Nano Designed specifically for the residential street lighting market TRT is proud to introduce the LATEST in its innovative product range. Designed with the real world in mind and developed to provide for multiple stakeholders, the Optio Nano lantern offers workable on-site solutions. This latest solution in our residential street lighting range offers: • easy fit shields to address light spill • multiple CCTs to suit the requirements of ecologists and ecologically sensitive areas • the most universal mounting system available • a replaceable light engine • an easy to service solution • long-term installation For more information INNOVATENanowww.trtlighting.co.uk+44(0)1527521162offersthecompletesolution.|INTEGRATE|ILLUMINATE
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 16
By Nick Meddows
The lighting scheme for the new £60m student centre at the University of Central Lancashire in Preston emphasises adaptability and sustainability, along with intentional use of contrast and a variety of different light levels A new £60m student centre is the cen trepiece of the University of Central Lancashire’s (UCLan) Preston cam pus and forms part of the university’s 2022 masterplan vision. Designed by architects Hawkins Brown (and see the panel on page 20 for more on their vision) the lighting design for the BREEAM Excellent scheme, created by us at BDP, departs from the traditional educa tional aesthetic to create a diverse visual scene.There is a combination of intimately lit small-scale areas along with larger-scale open learning spaces that utilise various architectural lighting treatments, along with designed flexibility, which allows spaces to be remodelled and refreshed easily.. General uniform illumination was dis couraged and replaced with the intentional use of contrast and a range of light levels that support a variety of alternative working areas and collaboration spaces. The inclusion of a large-scale suspended bespoke lighting feature in the atrium cre ates visual interest and gives the building an instantly recognisable identity when viewed from a wide range of locations on the cam pus. This feature augments the geometry of the central interior space at night by high lighting depth and height. Natural light, with its proven psychologi cal benefits, is used where possible, reducing artificial lighting requirements and there fore energy consumption. An emphasis on form and function relates to the nature and use of each space, offering the occupants a comfortable operational working environment.Abuilding-wide lighting control system allows the university to control and adapt illuminance levels for security, maintenance and normal operation, also maximising energy consumption. Architectural lighting
TO LEARN www.theilp.org.uk SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 17
The luminaires are powered and sus pended from a DALI three-circuit track located centrally between every row of acoustic baffles, with suspended indirect luminaires located in every other bay. Fixed location luminaire types are DALI addressed, relocatable and mains dimming, switched to the required circuit. The threetrack circuits are DALI dimmable via a mains dimming DALI interface.
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL www.theilp.org.uk 18
THE INTERIOR The lighting strategy for the open floor plates is indirect ambient illumination that provides between 100 lux to 150 lux and relo catable track-mounted pendants and spots, which provide focused task illumination. This base layer of relaxed, indirect illumi nation allows furniture to be placed any where on the floor plate, with pendants and spots used to enhance lighting levels where required.Another intention of the indirect solution was to celebrate the cross-laminated timber (CLT) structure as well as increasing the sense of height and brightness that was required to balance natural daylight with artificial light. This strategy offers energy savings, flexi bility and the ability to easily replace demountable luminaire types in order to refresh these spaces in the future.
To emphasise the stepped height changes within the foyer, key vertical surfaces are lit.
An LED strip integrated into the joinery frames the reception desk with a halo of light. Track-mounted spotlights and pen dants provide task illumination to the coun ter-top and improve facial recognition. To create a relaxed atmosphere in inter view and meeting rooms, wall washers and feature pendants provide ambient illumina tion. The staff room uses direct/indirect pendants over workbenches. Smaller meeting rooms have pendants with a 360-light distribution, selected to avoid dark walls and ceilings, providing both task and ambient illumination to the meet ingTherooms.café is lit by a combination of soft dif fuse light from pendants and accent illumi nation from adjustable track-mounted spots. Pendants here are suspended higher than other areas and not centred over table positions so that the furniture can be recon figured easily without losing the look-andfeel. Accent spots give the space flexibility to illuminate a range of furniture layouts.
This page, previous page and overleaf: various interior and exterior views of the new UCLan student centre lighting scheme by BDP. This page images by Nick Caville and Adrian Lambert. Previous page by (from left to right) Adrian Lambert, Nick Caville and Jack Hobhouse. Overleaf exterior image by Jack Hobhouse This is a cost-effective, sustainable and energy efficient system, in terms of initial capital costs and continuing operational use. Daylight dimming controls artificial light ing, which only launches once the illumi nance levels in the room fall below required levels.Tobetter understand the project, let’s examine how the lighting scheme works for both the interior and exterior.
The lit appearance and functionality of the spaces adapts to the time of the day. The strategy is to dim-down luminaires, not turn them off when there are lower levels of building use. This is to prevent occupants who are working later, during the hours of darkness, from feeling unwelcome. During peak hours the time-out period for presence detection is 40 minutes, after which time luminaires will dim to 50% out put. During off-peak hours luminaires will dim to 20% and then switch off after 30 minutes.Different pendant types define each neighbourhood and breakout area. The intent is to complement the interior design strategy by including luminaires that give each area of the building an instantly recog nisableJoinerycharacter.items such as counters and alcoves for printing and recycling have inte gral concealed LED strip lighting to increase their visibility.
Architectural lighting
Illuminated handrails light the stairs and horizontal surfaces. Adjustable spots are recessed into the bridge eating areas, with glare control to ensure the spotlights do not dominate the space.
An illuminated glass feature is located in the atrium over the careers breakout area. The Bocci pendants interact with daylight and are self-illuminated at night. The pen dants are fixed to the skylight transoms and suspended at different heights, so the fea ture is also visible from the first-floor level. The helical stairs located at both ends of the building are illuminated from integral handrail lighting. The LED strip is a silicone product that can twist and follow the joinery shape. To create a lit feature visible from the floor plate there is also an LED strip inte grated into the underside spandrel sections to further accentuate the form of the stairs.
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Client: University of Central Lancashire (UCLan) Architect: Hawkins Brown
Finally, the lighting strategy for the roof garden focuses as much light as possible downward to reduce light pollution and frame the best view outward beyond the building perimeter.
The design has been influenced by both Preston’s textile industry heritage and its future in aerospace and electronics.This,asHawkins Brown explains, ‘is expressed in the idea of filaments, circuit routes, and threads, which act as an analogy to the path that a student takes through life and learning at university. ‘The threads are used in the landscape as illuminated elements, drawing people toward the entrance of the building, while the stepped central space of the building is a confluence through which the threads are guided, emerging in St Peter’s Square and continuing as a landscape element through the university.’
As Hawkins Brown explains on its website, the design ambition behind UCLan’s new student centre was to create a ‘flexible, loose-fit container that offers a range of different spaces’ that can adapt and change over time as well as respond to new ways of learning.Thespaces have been designed to emphasise variety, ranging from vibrant social spaces to quiet study areas, as well as facilitating social interaction, collaboration and learning.Thecurving façade embraces the square with a high colonnade, offering shade and shelter and drawing the square into the building, allowing a welcome transition between inside andThisout.open space continues inside the building, with the full-height atrium forming the social heart of the centre, and a space that can be used for informal performances, talks or events.
THE ARCHITECT’S PERSPECTIVE
Nick Meddows MSLL is senior lighting designer at BDP lighting
PROJECT CREDITS
To accentuate the structure of the south façade at night and give the building street presence, the canopy support columns are uplit from their base using very narrow beam in-ground uplighters located to the front and back. Light spill creates pools of light on the underside of the canopy. Photocells and programmable time clocks control the exterior lighting so that no luminaires will be left on during daylight hours or when not required.
THE EXTERIOR Externally, a range of luminaire types have been used; principally columns, wallrecessed fittings, illuminated handrail and in-ground uplights.
Lighting design multidisciplinaryandengineer: BDP Landscape architect: Plincke
The 12m multi-head column-mounted luminaires have been located to be as unob trusive as possible and orientated towards the site to make them less intrusive to road way and wildlife. Luminaires with good light control and cut-off angles have been chosen to reduce light spillage. Selected trees have been uplit to reveal their beauty and form, as well as to help fos ter a feeling of communal pride and sense of landscape perspective across the site. In-ground up-light luminaires are installed in planters; this vertical illumination also creates the perception of brightness and safety. Low-level lighting to landscape fea tures and planting enhances the scenery at night and creates visual interest.
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL www.theilp.org.uk 20 Architectural
The horizontal surface is illuminated by a combination of, again, low-level wallrecessed and surface-mounted fittings located around the top of the plant sur rounds. Larger planting is accentuated by in-ground adjustable uplighter spots.
Lighting art design: Jason Bruges Studio Project manager and cost consultancy: AECOM
The square has a gentle wash of light to achieve the proposed 3 lux for normal use. The luminaires have extra dimming capac ity to increase light levels to >10lux when the square is used for events and vehicle access. To create a destination and generate addi tional illumination in the immediate area, benches are lit with a linear downward wash. This approach, also used in the neighbour ing Adelphi Square, frames two sides of the space and defines the boundary. Where there are changes in height and steps that cut into the landscaping, low-level recessed fittings are used to highlight any potential hazard.Illumination to primary routes is pro vided by 3.5m and 5m columns. Bollards provide alternative pathway illumination and highlight landscaping features and planting, so creating greater contrast in lit spaces and providing a different feel to the main square and primary pathways. Hand rails with integrated lighting is used on steps to focus light where most required.
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Standards’ organisation BSI is working with the government to develop two fast-track standards for multifunctional ‘smart’ lighting and CCTV columns that are expected to be published next year. ILP members are being invited to have their say By Peter Lee and Nick Wiggin
22 SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL
Live Labs evaluated business benefits of traffic monitoring, road surface tempera ture monitoring, development of an innova tive bridge-strike solution, and use of light ing infrastructure for wider social benefits including assistive living technologies for the ageing population.
BSI’S ROLE IN THE DCIA PROGRAMME
Nick Wiggin (left) and Peter Lee. ‘Consensus-based standards build common understanding, trust and confidence.’
BSI – British Standards – connects organ isations across this landscape, and it has been supporting new markets ever since it was formed in the UK as the world’s first national standards body in 1901.
G
www.theilp.org.uk SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 23 Lighting
iven that lighting professionals live and breathe ‘the standards’ in their day-to-day practice, we hardly need to spell out the fact that standards play a vital role in supporting and sus taining the development of new markets and innovation.Consensus-based standards build com mon understanding, trust and confidence, bringing together diverse groups of stake holders to agree on how to do something. This can relate to making a product, man aging a process, or delivering a service. Standards represent the distilled wisdom of what ‘good’ looks like, helping to make things work properly, and improve the way organisations do things. Furthermore, they enable improved pro ductivity, increased efficiency, reduced costs, faster uptake of innovation, and sup port risk management and compliance.
Most lighting professionals will, of course, be only too aware of BSI’s important role in the development and delivery of lighting standards. But you may be less familiar with how, as an organisation, we connect and feed into the wider standards’ landscape. BSI is also (as we’ll come to in more detail shortly) currently leading a workstream to develop a range of new standards for the gov ernment around smart infrastructure, including smart and connected lighting, standards that could have significant impact on the profession from next year. BSI represents the UK view on standards in Europe via the European standards organisations CEN and CENELEC and internationally via ISO and IEC. We are a national standards organisation member of ETSI (The European Telecom munications Standards Institute) and we provide support to the Department for Digi tal, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) as part of the UK membership of ITU (the International Telecommunication Union). Globally, BSI works with clients in more than 190 countries, and we originated many of the world’s most widely used manage mentInteroperabilitystandards. remains a key focus of our work or, to put it another way, making it easier for data, things, and organisations to work together. This includes investment in key public wireless communications infra structure, including 5G, Wi Fi and lowpower wide-area networks.
PROTECTING OUR DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE standards
Today, BSI often partners with industry, academia, and the public sector to provide standardisation support for new innovations.Agoodexample of this in action is the £4.4m Suffolk Smarter Places/Live Labs project funded by the Department for Transport (Dft) in collaboration with the Association of Directors of Environment, Economy, Planning and Transport (ADEPT).Thisproject was of course discussed in detail within Lighting Journal in May by Dr Hannah Steventon (‘Connected think ing’, vol 87 no 5).
The project, to recap, tested innovative technologies to support highways manage ment for local authorities. BSI provided research, analysis and sharing of best prac tices and standards for sensors and related data services for 17 types of sensors and adaptive lighting.
Alongside this activity, BSI is leading a work stream developing standards for smart infrastructure for DCMS, as part of its Digi tal Connectivity Infrastructure Accelerator (DCIA) programme. This DCIA programme has been set up specifically addresses the challenges associ ated with the use of publicly owned infra structure assets to support the rollout of
• Deterring/delaying. This includes working to deter or delay any assault through locks, hinges, anti-vandalism measures such as collars/straps, sig nage, and broadcast voice announcements.
Lighting columns are of course the predomi nant infrastructure in UK streets. Upgrading streetlights to LED luminaires is increasing. Smart lighting columns, or ones offering multiple added-value services, are still quite nascent yet hold considerable public value potential. Whilst the benefits of smart light ing column technology are broadly under stood, there is less clarity about how to roll out this technology at scale.
We also investigated the practicality and cost of retrofit, including impact on existing assets and future-proofing new ones. Issues such as operational business cases will need revisiting, plus there may be a need for a more integrated place-based approach to security.Security considerations include motiva tions for assault, for example theft, vandal ism, terrorism, and sabotage. Recommenda tions to adopt a best practice ‘layering’ approach included:
• Disguising. This includes disguising the presence of any additional ancillary equipment on/in columns.
• Defending. This includes any incursion or attack by using alarms, protecting against liquid ingress and so on. Security ratings should also be linked to potential risks. However, the DCIA pro gramme will need to address who assesses and determines risk, and who pays for any additional protection measures? It was felt that mobile network operators may need to fund enhancements to existing infrastructure and replacement columns as required.Anexecutive summary of the ‘Smart Street Infrastructure Security Report’ is available at https://bit.ly/DCMS-DCIA3
Lighting standards advanced wireless connectivity. The DCIA programme has three further workstreams that may be of particular inter est to lighting professionals working within and for local authorities, and please see the panel at the end of this article for more detail. The smart infrastructure workstream started with a study of physical security of street infrastructure, including a review of standards and engagement with stakeholders.Areasoffocus included lighting, signage, cabinets, bus shelters and wireless commu nications
STREET LIGHTING AND SECURITY THREATS
Where does street lighting fit within all this?
Owners and tenants of smart street infra structure (such as local authorities and mobile network operators) are keen to use a common framework and terminology to decide the suitability of existing assets for current and future demands, as well as sup port investment decisions for upgrades and replacements.Servicesbuilt from smart street infra structure may include adaptive lighting, small cells for 4G and 5G, electric vehicle (EV) charging, cameras, internet of things (IoT) sensors, advertising banners and street signage, among others. Limited physical security measures are currently employed on street lighting. How ever, multi-functional lighting columns that host wireless communications apparatus, including 5G small cells, Wi Fi and lowpower wide-area network gateways, may become more prone to assault.
• Detecting. This includes detecting potential threats by monitoring the vicinities surrounding columns.
TWO NEW STANDARDS Recommendations from the security study are now being considered in the develop ment of two fast-track publicly available specification (PAS) standards for
For multifunctional columns, we explored what new physical security measures should be deployed, how security threats can be determined and by whom.
The new standards are designed to help protect our increasingly sophisticated street lighting infrastructure against a range of security threats, including vandalism and (below) flooding
Withinarchitecture.thesedomains we considered security threats, security measures and risk management to inform a standards’ land scape review that identified around 280 unique standards, of which 20 were deemed veryTorelevant.helprefine our analysis of the stand ards landscape, we interviewed a range of organisations, including central and local government, infrastructure designers and manufacturers, police and security services, plus infrastructure providers and maintainers. We also undertook desk-based research into international best practice for physical security measures, design considerations and operational models. This culminated in an online workshop to explore, validate, and prioritise findings, plus a final report.
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL www.theilp.org.uk 24
Examplary runningwww.theilp.org.ukhead SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 25 Announcing the arrival of AMPERA MINI 1 EVO and MIDI 3 EVO fast return on sustainableinvestment. LED lighting solution provided by the original AMPERA MINI and MIDI we’re introducing the AMPERA MINI 1 EVO and AMPERA MIDI 3 EVO. This innovative performance upgrade provides powerful lighting, fast and simple installation and is con nected ready - for future proofing your installation, if not ready for control yet. Available with various lumen packages - and numerous lighting distributions - the AMPERA EVO can meet all your road and urban lighting needs. With the DIO brackets, this luminaire creates aesthetical combinations suited to numerous applications, and supports easy replacement of internal components, designed for a circular economy. On-site adjustment from post-top to side entry without disconnecting the lumi To find out how we can support your vision for connect, safe and sustainable places, get in touch at sales@urbis-schreder.com Agnostic Approach | Connected Design | Adaptive Lighting | Field Services | Logic Bureau www.urbis-schreder.com
[1] GN12 (2021) The smart lighting column, available from the ILP, https://theilp.org.uk/publication/guidance-note-12-the-smart-lighting-column/ [2] ‘Guidance on access arrangements’, DCMS, May 2022, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/guidance-on-access-agreements
2. PFI contracts This workstream is dedicated to the analysis of Public Finance Initiative (PFI) contracts, in particular those that relate to the use of street furniture assets. Almost half (42%) of local authorities in the UK have a contrac tual issue with a third party, which prohibits the installation of telecoms equipment on the assets covered by the PFI.Therefore, the Department for Transport (DfT) and DCMS are working closely with local authorities on short-term and long-term contrac tual solutions to facilitate the deploy ment of telecoms equipment within the constraints of these PFI contracts.
As highlighted in the main article, the DCMS Digital Connectivity Infrastruc ture Accelerator (DCIA) programme is addressing the challenges associated with the use of publicly owned infrastructure assets to support the rollout of advanced wireless connectivity.Aswellasthe ongoing work around smart infrastructure already covered, the programme comprises a further three workstreams. These are: 1. Digital asset management This is seeking to support the national adoption of online platforms, which digitalise and as much as possible automate the process of finding and securing rights-of-use of suitable locations for deployment of advanced wireless equipment. The aim is to make site-acquisition transactions between public sector asset owners and telecommunications infrastructure providers more efficient and ensure that they meet the needs of allTostakeholders.thisend,DCMS has jointly developed a technical specification with mobile infrastructuretelecommunicationproviders(including all four major UK mobile network operators), UK regions and their constituent local authorities, govern ment partners and solution providers. This specification provides a broad stakeholder consensus, endorsing a common approach to national adoption at Asscale.part of this workstream DCMS has allocated £4m of funding to pilots to support the implementation of digital asset management solutions. These pilot regions and their local authorities, funded through the open competition, are now working with industry partners to test out different digital asset management platforms and build evidence of how digital mapping and assets can benefit users.
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL
TIMEFRAME
THE WIDER DCIA PROGRAMME
Peter Lee is business development and consulting manager – smart secure sustainable communities, digital and transport, at BSI. Nick Wiggin is engagement lead, Future Network Programmes, at the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport www.theilp.org.uk
We aim to undertake public consultation on both drafts towards the end of 2022, and we are particularly keen to get feedback from local authorities, which can use the stand ards to assess existing assets, plus specify new designs for replacement lighting and CCTV columns. The steering group will have a final input to ensure comments have been captured. Once consensus is agreed, and following a short design sprint, the standards will be published and made available as free digital downloads in 2023. The publications will be promoted to stakeholders to encourage adoption and it is envisaged that local authorities will use the ‘design’ of PAS 191 to procure new columns as Werequired.want to seek input from the eight DCIA digital asset management pilots, espe cially for the ‘assessment’ PAS 190. We are also keen to seek feedback from all local authorities and industry associations, including the ILP and the Highways Electri cal Association (HEA).
• PAS 191 ‘Multi-functionallightingand include:holdersdraftingwestandardstowardspossibletakesensus-basedBSI’sCCTVcolumns–Designspecification’Thisstandardwillspecifydesignrequirementsandperformanceattributesofmulti-functionallightingandCCTVcolumns.fast-trackPASstandardsprovidecongoodpracticeandtypicallyaroundayeartodevelop.ItmaythenbetoconsiderfurtherdevelopmentISOinternationalisation.HavingdefinedthescopeofbothPASandbriefedtwotechnicalexpertsidentifiedstakeholderstoinputtotheprocessincludingreviews.Stakewhohavejoinedthesteeringgroup•Thesponsors(DCMSandDfT)•OrganisationsthatmanufacturelightingandCCTVcolumnsandequipmentthatcanbehostedonthem•LocalauthoritieswithandwithoutPFIcontracts•HighwaysAgency•OfficeforZeroEmissionVehicles•Energyproviders•Cable,fibreandmobilecommunicationsoperators•EVcharge-pointoperators•Thepolice•Consumerandpublicinterestgroups•BSItechnicalcommittees•TheCentrefortheProtectionofNationalInfrastructure
HOW TO GET INVOLVED If you wish to be alerted about the public consultation when it goes live please contact dcia-info@dcms.gov.uk. Alternatively, if you are interested in BSI’s fast-track PAS or flex standards, please visit: https://bit.ly/BSI-Create
3. Standard contracts Standard contracts are being made available for local authorities to engage with digital infrastructure providers as part of this workstream. Access to these contracts has been made available on the DCMS government website, helping other local authorities accelerate their own business engage ment through the use of these templates [2] More information about the DCIA programme is available at: https://bit.ly/DCMS-DCIA1
• PAS 190 ‘Existing lighting and CCTV columns – Assessment for multi-func tionaluse–Codeofpractice’. This will provide a set of recommendations for infrastructure owners and managers to enable them to assess and categorise their existing lighting and CCTV col umn inventory for multi-functional use. The scope includes technical fac tors relevant for assessing the suitabil ity of modifying current inventory for multi-functional use.
Lighting standards multifunctional lighting and CCTV col umns. These, naturally, will build on and complement the ILP’s own guidance in this area [1]. These standards are:
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FUTURE Facing the From the challenge of hitting net zero through to what ‘lighting 4.0’ might look like, LS17, the 17th International Symposium on the Science & Technology of Lighting in June, was both thoughtprovoking and reaffirmed the immense value of meeting fellow lighting professionals, argues Stuart Mucklejohn By Stuart Mucklejohn SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 28
www.theilp.org.uk SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 29 Lighting research
CALUMMA™CALUMMA!INTRODUCING
HORTICULTURAL LIGHTING Erik Runkle (Michigan State University) reviewed the science and practice of horti cultural lighting. Photon flux density has a big influence on plant biomass, while the spectral power distribution of the light source determines plant morphology and the photoperiod governs the progress to flowering.Bluelight, UV-A and UV-B have major influences on colouration and the formation of flavonoids. He stressed that for consum ers taste is very important and for general health, nutritional content is vital. The UV appliances panel included pres entations by David Sliney (Johns Hopkins University), Peter Gordon (CudoForm Inc) and Jonas Tiren (LightLab Sweden). David Sliney reminded the audience that UV ger micidal irradiation is not new, having been used extensively in the 1920s to 1950s before many vaccines were available. At the start of the coronavirus pandemic, it became evident that the transmission of such viruses was not understood by many health experts. The virus was spread predominantly by airborne transmission not by contact with contaminated surfaces. He showed an ele gant demonstration of the derivation of the recommended social distancing of 2m from Schlieren imaging. A detailed description of upper-room UV disinfection followed. Sliney emphasised the need to under stand the characteristics of the three ranges of UV radiation: UV-C 100 to 280 nm; UV-B 280 to 315 nm; UV-A 315 to 400 nm. UV-C is the only effective means for disinfecting air. In a subsequent paper, Nagisa Ide (Toshiba) compared the inactivation effi ciencies against SARS-CoV-2 of three anolislighting.com
T he 17th International Symposium on the Science & Technology of Lighting (LS17) was held in conjunction with the 11th Energy Efficiency in Domes tic Appliances & Lighting (EEDAL) conference at Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier campus from 01-03 June. The meetings opened with a joint session and a guest appearance by former test pilot and French astronaut Philippe Perrin, who has subsequently become a highly influen tial politician in the city of Toulouse. His experience in space, especially when he was on the outside of the International Space Station completing the assembly of various units, highlighted his appreciation of the importance of natural light. His mood and dexterity were far higher in the periods of sunlight compared to those times when he had to work under artificial light, he argued. He stressed that the wellknown satellite images of artificial light from the Earth show the distribution of wealth, notKevinpopulation.Lane from the International Energy Agency drew the audience’s atten tion to 2021 having the largest ever annual increase in CO2 emissions as the global economy recovered from the pandemic. The drop in emissions in 2020 is now seen to be solely because of the impact of Covid 19 on economic activity. CHALLENGE OF NET ZERO To reach net zero by 2050, the next decade is very important. Progress in reducing energy demand from buildings, transport, industry and electricity generation by 2030 is vital to satisfy the 2050 target. Regulations and enforcement will play a major part in reaching net zero but the biggest changes are likely to be derived from changes in human attitudes and behaviour. Niels Ladefoged from the Directorate General for Energy (DG- ENER) addressed eco-design and energy labelling require ments. He highlighted the benefits for pro viding incentives for consumers to purchase the best-performing products. However, improved market surveillance is essential to ensure products really do satisfy their declared performance. In the first paper dedicated to lighting ‘Progress towards the development of autonomouslightingcontrolsystems’, Rob ert Karilcek (Rensselaer Polytechnic Insti tute) emphasised that, to be effective, light ing control systems in buildings must be autonomous.Relyingon humans to use on/off switches as lighting controls is known to be ineffec tive, likewise most current lighting control systems have interfaces that are far too com plex to be operated by those who have not been given extensive training. To meet the requirements for an autono mous lighting control system, extensive data are needed: where are the occupants, what are they doing, what are they likely to do next?Although specialist motion sensors are suitable for research purposes, a real system would have to be based on low-cost sensors. Presence detectors alone will not provide enough information for an autonomous control system. This theme of human activity recognition was addressed in a subsequent paper by Ziad Salem (Institute for Surface Technologies & Photonics, Austria), ‘Sit-to-standandstandto-sit activities recognition by visible light sensing’
Two recent publications were high lighted: Guidance on the measurement of temporal light modulation of light sources andlightingsystems(CIE TN 012:2021) and Visual aspects of time-modulated lighting systems(CIE 249:2022). Kévin Bertin (Université Toulouse III) defined the parameters needed to character ise horticultural lighting designs as a precur sor to carrying out in-depth environmental impact studies and lifecycle assessments. Stray light from large commercial green houses is a widely recognised problem not only for nearby residents but also for wild life. Bertin illustrated how, by careful placing of shades, stray light can easily be much reduced.Maria Nilsson (Halmstad University), in her initial survey of the methods and out comes of studies on light pollution and human physiology, found that, while most studies of artificial light at night (ALAN) reported a negative impact on human health, lighting conditions were not ade quately recorded nor reported. Recommen dations were presented for improving the reliability and repeatability of such studies.
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LIGHTING-RELATED WASTE
The handling of lighting related waste was also the subject of Annika Jägerbrand’s (Halmsted University) survey of this topic in Sweden and France. A circular economy approach to lumi naire design, in other words making them easy to dismantle and hence easier to recy cle, would be highly beneficial in the move towards sustainable lighting, she argued.
In a thought-provoking presentation Georges Zissis (Université Toulouse III) gave his vision of the way towards ‘lighting eraWith4.0’. the previous era being that of ‘LEDi fication’, the future will be closely linked with the evolution of smart cities, he argued, and lighting will become a subsystem of an extensive information and communications technologies (ICT) network. There will, however, still be a need for lighting designers.Theworlds of ICT and lighting again came into focus from Bruno Foucras, a volunteer with The Shift Project (https://theshift project.org/en/home/), in his talk ‘Smart lightinganddigitalsobriety’.TheShiftProjectisaFrench think-tank advocating the shift to a post-carbon econ omy. One of its main concerns is the amount of WEEE generated by ICT equipment due to the very low collection and recycling rates.
In sum, this was an immensely informa tive and highly stimulating symposium; it was very rewarding to see many active CIE volunteers contributing to the presenta tions and discussions. The local organising committee went to enormous lengths to ensure the meeting was enjoyed by all participants, both in the live audiences and for those joining online.
The meeting reaffirmed the immense value of meeting fellow professionals, renewing acquaintances and establishing new contacts within the lighting industry. anolislighting.comLIGHT
‘LIGHTING ERA 4.0’
Lighting research sources: 222 nm radiation from an excimer lamp; 254 nm from a low-pressure mercury lamp; 280 nm from a LED. 99.999% of the virus were inactivated with less than 20 mJ/ cm2 for all sources. David Sliney commented that 222 nm radiation was very effective for disinfecting air and surfaces but is known to be less effec tive for destroying bacteria in substrates. James Hooker (Sylvania Lighting) gave an elegant description of the design and manu facturing challenges involved in the devel opment of linear LED filament lamps for professional lighting applications. This was complemented by Rudi Geens’ (Sylvania Lighting) detailed presentation on the measurement of LED filament charac teristics as a function of junction tempera ture and Alessiocurrent.Corazza (SAES Getters) presented a new approach to preventing damage caused by volatile organic compounds (VOC) in sealed LED systems and packaged laser diodes. Pyrolysis of gaseous car bon-containing species causes darks spots within these devices. The solution is a combination of a getter and an oxygen dispenser. The products of the reactions with VOC being CO, CO2, and H2O, the latter is absorbed by the getter, the former species are not detrimental to lumi nousSpirosoutput.Borotis (Hellenic Open University) brought the participants’ attention to the European Commission funded ECOS LIGHT project, (ECOS = Environmentally Conscious Smart Lighting, https://www. ecoslight.eu/) and the need to continually update the skills of lighting professionals.
FIND OUT MORE In total, there were 75 contributed papers presented during LS17. The programme and abstracts booklet can be downloaded free of charge from the symposium website by scanning the QR code below.
THE ARCHITECTURE OF
TEMPORAL LIGHT MODULATION In his keynote address, Christophe Martin sons (Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment) highlighted the good and bad aspects of Temporal Light Modulation (TLM).While many TLMs found in nature, such as reflections from water and the twinkling of stars, are pleasing and some are used to good effect – for example warning signs, lighthouses, and visible light communica tion – these phenomena are bad for general lighting.TLMis known to adversely impact human health, giving rise to eyestrain, headaches and seizures. The human perception of TLM is detected in peripheral vision and gives rise to downgrading of visual performance.
Stuart Mucklejohn is project manager at Ceravision and secretary of the LS17 International Scientific Committee Lighting’s role in helping to achieve net zero was a key topic of discussion at the symposium
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LUCI, Lighting Urban Community International, recently ran a two-day conference to both celebrate its twentieth anniversary and attempt to unpick the future of urban and public realm lighting
By Nic Paton
TALKINGNIIGHT SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 32
B ack in June 2020 we were still four months into the first Covid lockdown and blithely unaware that this would be but the start of two years of restric tions. Nevertheless, even then, many lighting professionals were beginning to think about life beyond the pandemic, albeit super cautiously. Not least of this was how the experience of lockdown might kickstart a radical re-evaluation of our public realm at night.The ILP, in conjunction with the Interna tional Nighttime Design Initiative, held a high-level panel debate to discuss the future of the night-time economy post pandemic, and the possible role of light and lighting within it, (‘Remaking the night?’, Lighting Journal, July/August 2020, vol 85, no 7).
lighting
Public realm
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A webinar, ‘Saving the night’, also brought together Mark Major, ILP member and prin cipal at Speirs Major, Alex Lifschutz of Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands, Mathew Frith of The London Wildlife Trust, and Dr Don Slater of the ‘Configuring Light’ project at London School of Economics to discuss lighting at night and the experience of lockdown.Inparticular, it addressed how – or indeed whether – the plunging of much of the public realm into darkness was potentially an opportunity for us to rethink the purpose of public realm lighting, especially the value of darkness within the public realm (‘Dark designs’, September 2020, vol 85 no 8). Almost exactly two years on from those events, Mark Major revisited this conversa tion in May as part of a two-day online con ference, ‘Sparking the future of urban light ing’, run by LUCI (Lighting Urban Community International), of which the ILP is a member. The event was designed to celebrate 20 years of LUCI, and brought together speak ers – of whom Mark was just one of many –from across Europe and internationally to discuss and evaluate the future of urban lighting. DIFFERENT QUALITIES OF NIGHT As Mark pointed out, in his talk entitled ‘Return to the Dark City’, this is a conversa tion that has been building for a good decade, well beyond 2020’s pandemic-led events. In fact, it goes all the way back to a lecture he gave in Stockholm entitled ‘Dark City’, and then at a further TEDx talk in Sydney in 2014.Inhis presentation for LUCI, Mark made the case that the twentieth century’s focus on using artificial light to, essentially, extend the day was being replaced by the idea that we should instead be celebrating the differ ent qualities of the night, including darkness.‘Idonot mean by that creating a city where we plunge ourselves back to pre-electric civ ilisation. You can rest assured that I am not asking everybody to turn the lights off; I am a lighting designer! But what I am saying is we have to bring about a profound shift in our thinking,’ Mark explained. ‘The night is different territory from the day; our cities are different at night than they are by day. We don’t want to make them at night like they are by day; we want to experi ence the benefits that darkness can bring,’ he added.Ofcourse, the role of lighting in terms of safety and perceived safety at night, espe cially for women, the elderly and more vul nerable members of our communities, is an equally important and ‘live’ conversation at the moment, something Mark was keen to emphasise. Artificial lighting, too, has a criti cal – and economically vital – role to play in our night-time economy, especially our night-time cultural life. As Mark said: ‘The night-time economy of every city and town, every urban area, is extremely valuable. We learnt particularly during the pandemic just how valuable that was, not in terms of jobs and economy itself but also people’s wellbeing. The fact is we need light at night in order to make our cities vital, fun, energetic, dynamic and economi cally successful.’ OVER-LIT, LIGHT-POLLUTED SPACES A further factor is the environmental, eco logical, social and economic impacts of overly lit public realm spaces, light pollution and media façades, Mark highlighted. ‘This is why I feel that, at the end of the day, using less light – if we can use less light to achieve our goals – that can only be a good thing. Because the natural condition of our cities after dark is, of course, to be dark. We can choose only to add light, this very pre cious commodity, where we absolutely need it,’ Mark said. ‘It [darkness] brings a sense of visual silence. I think light is very analogous to sound or to noise. Sometimes lighting can be very noisy and other times it can be very silent. Often it is the absence of light or using less light that creates a sense of visual silence, peacefulness and wellbeing within the city. ‘Also, darkness can bring privacy. It is not that concealment is always a good thing in the city, particularly if we are talking about safety and security. But I think particularly in residential neighbourhoods the sense of darkness providing privacy, concealment and removing pollution through our win dows is something we have to look more to for the future. ‘It is this balance of light and darkness that we have to achieve that ultimately provides the right ambience of a city. Sometimes more light is not a good thing. Often using
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL www.theilp.org.uk 34 Public realm lighting less light, in balance with darkness, can cre ate a beautiful ambience, can create uniform places to be in,’ Mark added. What, then, does Mark mean by ‘the dark city’? ‘I do not mean switching all the lights off. I just mean looking at the opportunity as to where we can begin to switch some of the lights down, but not to compromise safety and security. A dark city is a place where darkness is appreciated as making a tangible contribution to the wellbeing of the people who live in the city,’ he explained to the LUCI audience.
‘I think that cities need to do more by way of providing very clear guidance as to this characteristic of buildings, particularly in the heart of our city spaces. Because a lot of light spill, a lot of light pollution, a lot of energy waste is down to badly designed or ill-considered interior lighting as much as it is to badly designed or ill-considered exterior lighting,’ he added.
PEDESTRIANISED FUTURE The transition to electric vehicles, the expansion of ULEV emissions zones and the increasing pedestrianisation of the public realm (all again accelerated by the pan demic) also need to be considered within this debate.
‘Many, many cities are moving towards a greater level of pedestrianisation, either through the exclusion or regulation of the car,’ Mark pointed out. ‘It is interesting to me that, as we approach the greater pedestriani sation of spaces, we can begin to lower light ing levels in order to respond to a different speed and nature of the traffic, in other words the traffic of people as opposed to cars.
FOCUS ON ZONING AND LIGHT SPILL
How should municipal authorities, local councils and lighting professionals there fore be working towards this at a practical level?First, Mark emphasised, the zoning of dif ferent urban areas needs to become much clearer, whether we’re talking residential, financial, retail, or cultural. Most cities zone in terms of density and usage, and the light ing and lighting standards adopted tends to follow, also based on density and usage, he pointed out. ‘I think we can look at this in a much finer grain. It is coming up with guidance, stand ards, objectives and ways of approaching these different zones in fundamentally dif ferent ways, rather than a one-size-fits-all homogenous approach,’ Mark agued. ‘I think that very carefully zoning cities, particularly in response to where areas of darkness may be retained or lower light lev els might be acceptable, is a starting point to creating what I would call a “dark city”.’ Internal light spill and light from occu pancy also needed to be an important part of this conversation. ‘I am not suggesting for one moment that we begin to fully regulate the way that people light the insides of their buildings, particularly where they are visible to the street. But I do think that we can bring in “soft” regulation – guidelines, recommen dations or best practice – in order to gradu ally change people’s attitude to understand that what they do within their internal realm, particularly where they are working or living or, with retail, or using highly glazed spaces, that there is a sense of responsibility for the light, the visual brightness, of the spaces that you create and the amount of light that spills into the public environment,’ Mark outlined.
‘Can we, by thinking about light and Speirs Major’s Mark Major highlighted the need for us to rethink lighting at night, as well as more clearly differentiating urban zoning. Shown on this page are (bottom left) light pollution at night plus (bottom right) King’s Cross Estate and (this image) Gasholders, King’s Cross, both showing the subtle lighting schemes by Speirs Major. Main image on previous page, Cambridge at night, again courtesy of Speirs Major
‘I think we also need to bring in greater controls around media, particularly illumi nated signage, particularly media screens. We need to look very carefully at media as it proliferates across our cities and how that can be better controlled. Just reducing the visual brightness for some of these screens to stop them lighting all the buildings around them would be a starting point,’ Mark said.
‘I think we also need to bring in guidance with respect to the illumination of buildings.
I’m not saying there should be no architec tural lighting; that would be a very strange proposition coming from a lighting designer. What I am saying is we need to think very carefully about both providing guidance and perhaps regulation, and considering a greater selection of which buildings should or shouldn’t be lit.
‘Is it the historic buildings that create landmarks in cities that enable you to orien tate at night, which should have a greater emphasis? Are there key contemporary, per haps cultural, buildings that could be illumi nated? Does every commercial building need a lighting scheme? I don’t think so. But there need to be clear strategic plans put into cities to really carefully select which build ings should be illuminated and which build ings shouldn’t be, and that will obviously come through planning processes.
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Lighting needs to embrace holistic solutions that support the flourishing of all life, human and natural, Florence Lam (right) argued
‘Regenerative design is about shifting our thinking and decision making and actions from current sustainable practices to prior itising the long-term health and wellbeing of people and planet; enabling a transforma tion approach towards a resident and equi table future for all. To enable the co-existing of communities and ecosystems, societal and climatory health, and to build commu nity resilience and equity. ‘Going forward, the next big step is we must advocate for change; a paradigm shift towards a humanity-centred, circular approach to design, specification and pro curement. And truly adopt an evi dence-based data-driven design and deci sion-making process. And then enable more progressive governance and policy-making for the future of urban lighting,’ Florence added.
With lighting being responsible for approxi mately 15% of the global power consump tion and 5% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, we can’t ignore the responsibility we have,’ she emphasised. This meant that just embracing circular economy approaches, while still valuable and worth doing in themselves, were not going to be enough to bring about the trans formative change needed.
To rethink, retrofit and redesign the built environment, we must adopt progressive and holistic solutions which support the flourishing of all life, human and nature.
Another keynote speaker at the LUCI event was Florence Lam, global lighting director at Arup in the UK and last year the first woman to be awarded the Society of Light and Light ing’s President’s Medal, as LightingJournal reported in July/August (‘Puttingtheplanet first’, vol 86 no 7). In her presentation, Florence made a pas sionate call for lighting to lead the way in place-making and place-shaping for ‘a regenerative future’. As she put it: ‘Lighting has the power to transform our urban life, change the way we perceive and interact with a place, to make it safer, more inclusive and more inviting. Holistic understanding of all users, their uses and experiences, is key to unlocking its potential. This means we, the industry, needs to shift from compliance to an evidence-based approach. ‘We need to understand that night-time lighting also has the power to transform spa tial equity and support the wider social equity, what we call the levelling up agenda in the UK. Let’s hear and bring in our younger voices who are driving changes and transforming cities with light around the world,’ Florence added. ‘Our collective future is being challenged by climate and nature’s crisis; and it is demanding urgent actions. Increasing urbanisation is a primary driver for change.
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL www.theilp.org.uk 36 Public realm lighting darkness in a more balanced way, introduc ing both soft and hard regulation and much better guidance, move away from cities that are full of light to dark cities, cities where darkness has a role to play?’ Mark Major added in conclusion.
REGENERATIVE LIGHTING
‘The lighting industry needs to challenge the status quo, drive change and move beyond current “do no harm” approaches to sustainability. It is much more than that,’ Florence said. ‘To prevent the catastrophic climate change and biodiversity loss, a regenerative approach needs to be our primary paradigm.
Green Heart, a 12-acre public park at the University of Birmingham, with a lighting design by Speirs Major. The scheme aims to encourage interaction and outdoor learning after dark. Photograph by James Newton and Speirs Major
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‘Power to the imagination, our creative spirit, our reveries, our dreams really are about creating better nights,’ she said, emphasising the importance of focusing on inventing, testing and piloting to stretch the received wisdom about night as a blind spot.
LONDON
Co-design and the genuine, rich involve ment and engagement of local communities will also be extremely important, she fore cast. Advances in technology, especially LED dimming and smart lighting, had created ‘a moment where theatre and the streets/pub lic space can merge at night. We can trans form the ground plane, and when transform the ground plane we immerse pedestrians and people visiting public spaces in a lumi nous environment,’ Leni said. Issues such as surveillance and security
London Night Czar Amy Lamé outlined how the city is trying to achieve a balanced night-time approach. She also highlighted how the Illuminated River public project (below) has changed perceptions of the capital at night
London.CityHall/
POWER OF IMAGINATION
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL www.theilp.org.uk 38 Public
[1] ‘London at night an evidence base for a 24-hour city’, Mayor of London and London Assembly, November 2018, https://www.london.gov.uk/business-and-economy-publications/londonnight-evidence-base-24-hour-city [2] ‘Women’s Night Safety Charter’, Mayor of London and London Assembly, https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/arts-and-culture/24-hour-london/ womens-night-safety-charter realm lighting UPDATE Amy Lamé, London major Sadiq Khan’s Night Czar, gave an update on the capital’s progress in developing a balanced nighttime approach since her appointment in 2016. The key had been the publication of the ‘London at night’ report in 2018, the world’s largest data study into any city at night [1]. ‘I knew I had to change the conversation about night-time. Too many people had a lot opinions about what night-time was like. As someone who has always worked at night, my entire working life, I knew these percep tions weren’t always true,’ Amy pointed out. She cited the Illuminated River public art project as having changed perceptions of the capital at night, especially how artificial light could be deployed sensitively within the public realm. She also highlighted the amount of collaboration and strategic think ing now going on between authorities within London Assembly, for example, is hoping to roll out night-time enterprise zones out across the capital in the next few years. It is also in the process of devel oping a night-time strategy that will include lighting best practice guidance for local Londonauthorities.boroughs and local authorities are also increasingly working together post pandemic, with much more sharing of best practice and case studies than there once might have been. Many, too, either now have or are developing their own local night-time strategies and night-time economy working groups.CityHall, too, has been conducting wom en’s night safety audits and has published a Women’s Night Safety Charter [2]. It has also run panel discussions and carried out spatial audits, including with lighting and dark sky specialists. ‘We have to put people and places at the heart of decision making, backed up by data,’ Amy said. ‘With flexibility of space and encouraging people out on to your high street at night, using lighting to do so, great things can be achieved,’ she added.
Finally – even though this is but a snapshot of the full two days of presentations and panel discussions – legendary New York lighting designer Leni Schwendinger spoke about ‘Power to the Imagination’, a rallying call from 1968’s Paris barricades which reso nates with today’s advocates for a trans formed environment. Her subtitle was ‘The future lies with the light painter’, a quote from the Bauhaus art istLeniMoholy-Nagy.highlighted how she seeks ‘envision ing processes that will lead to concrete realities’. Urban lighting of the future, she predicted, will involve ever-closer collabora tions between designers and citizens.
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SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 40
By Fiona Horgan
Professional Lighting Summit 2022 Justin brings an experienced background in engineering and has a passion for digital development, which will help us grow and share our expertise effectively. Over the last year we have promoted our core values, based on excellence in lighting, and we have continued to demonstrate our many membership benefits. We have worked hard to return to face to face, both centrally and locally via the LDCs. Some LDCs have already had some face-to-face events, and we look forward now to all LDCs having some going forward. We continue to develop our digital plat forms, which allow our hybrid events to grow. This enables us to keep including those members who cannot attend events in per son. I am always humbled at the support from the membership and would like to join all members in thanking our volunteers for their continued support over the last year. I personally want to thank my Executive Team. They have supported me over the I would like to start by acknowledging how proud I am to be able to deliver this address in person here at Bristol but also alongside our new hybrid audience. For everybody who is watching at home: ‘hello’. It means I can still deliver this address to those of you who cannot be with us in per son. This is the future, and the way we will all remain engaged and connected. I became the Institution of Lighting Pro fessionals’ 19th President in 2021 under not very normal circumstances; in a year when, not only was the world still dealing with a pandemic, but as an Institution we were fac ing our own challenges. We have the challenge of recovery to the ‘new normal’. We have the challenge of remaining connected in our new ways of working. And also the challenge of trying to get back to face to face. We’ve faced these challenges with a relatively new Executive Board, and we have also welcomed a new CEO in Justin Blades. last year as President, and we have shared a collective drive for a better Institution for all; I really do feel that we have a really strong Executive Team.
President Fiona Horgan used the Professional Lighting Summit in Bristol to outline how the ILP is developing a new five-year strategy for growth, development and transformation. Here is an abridged version of her Summit presentation
UNDERWATER...UNDERanolislighting.comSUBMERSIBLE CONTROL
SIX CORE VALUES We are looking at a mission to support and develop lighting professionals; their global contribution for the benefit of society and the environment. A vision of a world illumi nated by sustainable lighting solutions that help us to live, work and play without dam aging the environment around us. Our core values – professional, ethical,
ROAD MAP TO 2026 It is this passion that has driven our devel opment for the new ILP Strategy 20222026. It is a new road map and will be our strength moving forward. I would like to thank my employers, Don caster Council, and my lighting team for their support. It is key that, as local authori ties, we are represented within the indus try. I look forward to strengthening this fur ther with our local authority VP Michala Medcalf and with APSE (the Association for Public Service Excellence), who are here at the conference to discuss our new part nership moving forward. Our new hybrid approach is developing and this is partly down to our great staff team behind the scenes; so I cannot forget my thanks to the brilliant team at Rugby. Training has successfully moved back to face to face with the ELD and a combined approach to learning through the online platforms, which we still have to reach out to all members. This keeps our community growing and will continue to grow the ILP as a source of professional support.
‘BE THE LIGHTING CHANGE YOU WANT TO SEE’ www.theilp.org.uk SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 41
ARCSOURCE™
As Fiona Horgan has outlined, the ILP’s Strategy 2022-2026 sets out a road map for the Institution for the next five years,First,writesJustinBladesitarticulatesourmission.
• Aim 3. To deliver value, informa tion and services to members and the professional lighting commu nity 24/7 365 days a year, regard less of location, using digital platforms.
• Aim 4. To secure the future of the lighting profession by encouraging the next generation of lighting professionals to join the industry – and equip them with the skills and knowledge to succeed.
• Aim 5. To ensure that legislation, technical standards, and other legal instruments that affect lighting have best practice as their foundation. The strategy is, essentially, a frame work, a foundation, that we intend to build on, and grow from, over the next fiveToyears.thatend, the Executive Board, Vice Presidents and the team at Rugby have all been working hard over the summer to flesh out what ‘good’ looks like in the context of the strategy and, furthermore, what ‘delivery’ will look like in Onepractice.thingthat is clear to me is that articulating the vision, while an absolutely fundamental first step in any transformation process, is almost the easyWepart.now need to roll up our sleeves and make that vision a lived reality, something that becomes, in effect, the ‘new normal’ of what the ILP is, and offers, to members and the wider lighting community. It goes without saying that you, the membership, are absolutely key to this next stage. To that end, I look forward to consulting, working and engaging with members up and down the country over the coming months to make our strategy real and relevant to you.As communication is at the heart of the strategy, I will also of course keep you informed and updated with the latest developments every step of the way – both within the pages of Lighting Journaland online via the ILP website. Watch this space!
SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL www.theilp.org.uk 42
FIVE STRATEGIC AIMS
THE ILP’S 2022-2026 STRATEGY
Professional Lighting Summit 2022 honest, open, accountable and innovative. I therefore ask the wider membership to support this initiative, the development of the Strategy 2022-2026, and continue to voice your support for the good work done by our staff and volunteers. I started my journey with the ILP when it was ILE on the Northern Region Commit tee, as it was then. Then I moved on to the YLP Committee before becoming the YLP Chair in 2013. I am a volunteer, along with the Executive Team, the VPs, the LDC com mittees, the YLP and our other various committees and volunteers that we have. We are stronger together and the more diverse our volunteer pool, the better we can become. I am positive that, by building great working partnerships with all our members and the wider professional com munities, we will make our recovery post Covid one that we can all be proud of. The strength of the Institution, the opportunities it provides, allows its mem bers to make connections and improve their knowledge through CPD. I am passionate about the importance of encouraging young people in our industry, and the ILP being a platform to inspire the next generation through the YLP. Our current Executive Board team holds five ex-YLP members. Four of them have been on YLP Committee and YLP Chairs. This shows the success of this initiative and, when you look around at other bodies, we are really striving forward, ahead of others.
To support and develop lighting profes sionals and their global contribution for the benefit of society and the environment.Second,itsets out our vision. A world illuminated by sustainable lighting solutions that help us to live, work and play without harming the environment aroundThird,us.and to reiterate what Fiona has already said, it clarifies our values. Professional, ethical, honest, open, accountable, innovative.
Alongside this, the strategy has outlined five key strategic aims that, essentially, look to answer the question: ‘what do we want to achieve?’. These are:
Justin Blades is Chief Executive of the ILP Fiona Horgan is President of the ILP
James Poore talking to Jess GallacherHarriet Davis speaking in Bristol
The ILP Executive Board 2022-2023. From left to right: John Sutcliffe, Rebecca Hatch, Anthony Smith, Fiona Horgan, Perry Hazell, and James Duffin
• Aim 1. To be respected for our professionalism and competence in lighting. • Aim 2. To be trusted as a source of technical information on lighting by supporting and enabling a diverse group of practitioners.
I want to conclude my Presidential Address by emphasising the importance of being the change you want to see. We need volunteers; and your ILP needs you. All our existing volunteers and the staff at Rugby are here to help you if you would like to get involved. This is our call to action today – we need you to deliver this road map; we need new people.
The ILP is an event partner for ‘Circular Lighting Live’ later this month, on 22 September.Thissummer’s record hot weather has focused all our minds on the profound challenges that lie ahead around climate change and global heating. For lighting, the drive to net zero carbon is arguably the biggest transfor mation facing the industry since the advent of CircularLEDs.Lighting Live, which is being held at the Cavendish Centre in London, will bring together experts, specifiers and policy-makers to share their insights into forthcoming standards and legislation, emerging technologies and new business models.
COMPLEMENTARY WORKSHOPS Away from the main-hall presentations, an array of workshops complemented the CPD. These included discussions around EV feeder pillars, innovations in outdoor and indoor lighting design software, and, in a fascinating talk, Urbis Schréder’s Clare Thomas revisiting and, again, expanding on her recent article for Light ingJournalon safety at night (‘Reclaimthe streets’, June 2022, vol 87 no 6). Delegates were able to spend time net working as well as checking out the latest products and innovations from exhibitors, with the exhibition hall buzzing for the duration of the Summit.
Sharon Stammers and Martin Lupton of Light Collective took delegates on a furiously fast canter through 50 female light artists, with the aim to counter-bal ance the ‘maleness’ of the light art world. Perry Hazell, business manager at Lon don Borough of Southwark, explained his borough’s electric vehicle charging ‘jour ney’ and the complexities around securing agreement, funding and installation. Bob Bohannon, head of policy and acad emy at the Lighting Industry Association, outlined the thinking and ambition behind the new TM66 Creating a Circular Economy in the Lighting Industry guid ance document and its accompanying Cir cular Economy Assessment Method (CEAM).JoFerguson, built environment man ager for the Bat Conservation Trust, updated delegates on some of the latest work and thinking around protecting the UK’s bat species from artificial light at night, with new guidance being expected over the autumn.
T he 2022 Professional Lighting Sum mit was held over a sweltering two days at Bristol’s Watershed between 21-22 June, and the consensus among members was that it was amazing – and hugely valuable – finally to be able to get back together face to face, writesNicPatonProceedingsstarted on the Monday evening with the YLP taking members on a somewhat unconventional (if still highly enjoyable) guided walking tour of Bristol’s finest street art, not least Banksy’s ‘Well Hung Lover’ on Frogmore Street. The Summit then kicked off proper the following morning with the AGM and then, first up, Harriet Davis, senior light ing designer at Hoare Lea, explaining the thinking behind the practice’s upcoming lighting scheme to transform Bristol’s iconic Clifton Suspension Bridge. Harriet will be writing on this within Lighting Journal within the coming months, as will many of the speakers from the Summit.
ILP Engagement and Communications Manager Jess Gallacher said of this year’s Summit: ‘This year’s Bristol Summit showed the immense appetite among members to get back together after the upheaval and uncertainty of the past twoand-a-half years. Even the last-minute complication of train strikes didn’t deter members from making the journey to the south‘Thewest.online engagement with our speak ers from the audience at home was also amazing, and so the “hybrid” format of the Summit, with both online and face-to-face delegates, was a success and will, I am sure, continue.“TheSummit was just the start of what will be an exciting and energising pro gramme of events, talks and CPD through out the autumn, face-to-face, online and hybrid. Keep an eye online, on https:// theilp.org.uk/events , and updates and new events,’ Jess added.
Aimed at manufacturers, suppliers and specifiers, the event, established by Ray Molony and Recolight, will help delegates put their businesses at the forefront of the sustainable lighting revolution.Formore information go to: www.circularlighting.live
BRISTOL BRIEFING
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To give then just a snapshot of what was discussed across the two days, Dipali Shirsat, a lighting designer in Dubai, and David Gilbey, founding director of d-light ing, presented a virtual two-header on multi-sensory and inclusive lighting design, in particular how to design for the visuallyDavidimpaired.Lodge,technical director at CU Phosco, revisited and expanded on his recent article in Lighting Journal looking at upcoming changes to the PD 6547 guid ance document (‘Knowledgeupdate’, May 2022, vol 87 no 5).
CIRCULAR LIGHTING LIVE
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The 2022 Professional Lighting Summit
P ublic confidence in local authorities to maintain street lighting infrastruc ture and deliver on improvements such as smart cities and net zero remains high – for now. But, in an increasingly tight economic and budgetary climate, local authority street lighting departments will need to be making their voices heard to continue to get an adequate slice of the funding pie. These were some of the conclusions from a presentation by Paul O’Brien, chief execu tive of APSE, the Association for Public Ser vice Excellence, at the Bristol Professional Lighting Summit. His presentation on ‘fighting for funding’ came as the ILP announced a formal collab oration with APSE on benchmarking and service improvement within the sector (and see the panel at the end for more on this). Paul outlined some of the latest findings from APSE’s ongoing ‘state of the nation’ market surveys.
The ILP also used the Bristol Summit to announce a formal collaboration with APSE, the Association for Public Service Excellence, as its chief executive Paul O’Brien outlined some of the ongoing challenges facing local authority lighting professionals
BUDGETS UNDER PRESSURE Local authority budgets, he highlighted, remained under pressure. Nearly 17% of local authorities had reported a drop in their highways’ budgets between 2020/2021 and 2021/2022, rising to nearly a quarter (23.5%) who said their street lighting budget was now being squeezed. Nearly two-thirds of councils surveyed (64.5%) were outsourcing street lighting services to external providers in some shape or form, he added. ‘People are also reporting that there are significant inflationary pressures that are now rearing their heads, and that is only going to get worse in terms of materials and supply costs,’ Paul also warned. The ageing demographic of lighting as a profession remians a worry, with the aver age within street lighting now 48 years old and continuing to rise, with highways and winter maintenance teams facing similar pressures. Competition from utility compa nies was a particular problem when it came to recruitment and retention, he pointed out.When it came to public perceptions of ser vices, street lighting by and large was faring well compared to concerns around high ways, especially around pot holes, which remain a particular bugbear for the public, Paul‘Theresaid.is a feeling that, overall, services are declining after so many years of austerity and it is becoming more noticeable for the public. However, despite all of that, three times as many trust councils (51%) over cen tral government (15%) to make decisions about how services are delivered in their local area,’ Paul told delegates at Bristol. ‘Seven times as many trust councillors (51%) to make decisions for their local area over ministers (7%). And this was before “partygate”. Nearly four times as many (49%) trust councils to deliver services more in their local area than the private sector (13%) or the government (12%). ‘In terms of street lighting, almost three-quarters of the public remain satisfied with the service provided in their area, despite everything that has been thrown at you over the last number of years. That is down slightly, but is from a very, very high point. But to still have 75% of the public By Nic Paton
‘THERE IS A REAL BATTLE FOR RESOURCES’
‘We need to have a revaluation of council tax and business rates, and the ability to raise hypothecated taxes at the local level.’
‘In the coming years, if you are seen as a solution, especially in tackling climate change, then you will get resourcing and funding. If you are seen as part of the prob lem, then you won’t. So there is a real need to continue to fight for funding for your services.‘There is also a real need for a better sys tem of funding. The current system can’t continue as is, or we will fail to meet the pri orities of the present and we will fail to meet the change that is required to achieve things like net zero over the coming years,’ Paul warned in conclusion.
ALARM OVER CLIMATE CHANGE
The 2022 Professional Lighting Summit satisfied with the services that they receive from you is, I think, really important, really significant,’ he added.
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In her address to the Professional Lighting Summit (as reported from page 40), ILP President Fiona Horgan alluded to ‘our new partner ship’ with FollowingAPSE.Paul O’Brien’s presenta tion to the Summit, ILP Chief Executive Justin Blades fleshed out what this is likely to mean for members.‘We’veworked with APSE for many years, and we have both supported each other’s events,’ he told Summit delegates.‘We’realive to all these issues that Paul has been talking about, and we want to collaborate where we can. Collaboration and working together is, I think, how we’re going to address some of these issues. So I am delighted to announce that we are going to move forward with a formal collaboration with APSE,’ he added. For example, the ILP will collabo rate with APSE on its ongoing ‘Performance Networks’ benchmark ing project for local authorities, Justin announced. This is a project where data is collected and shared with local authorities to allow them to see how they are doing compared with their peers and, quite simply, benchmark their performance.
‘Going forward, the collection of some ILP data will be included within that dataset,’ Justin explained.
‘We think we’ve got to have minimum guarantees within the system of local gov ernment funding for local public services, and that we should have a minimum level of funding as a percentage of GDP in order that we don’t reach the unsustainable levels that we’ve surpassed since 2016.
‘The public is currently very supportive of council street lighting and road services, despite their hatred of pot holes. But I don’t think we can take that for granted when there is a real battle for resources. So it is important to keep the profile of your service up there,’ Paul continued.
Top: Justin Blades and Fiona Horgan at the Bristol Summit. Bottom: APSE’s Paul O’Brien delivering his presentation
There was growing public awareness of, and alarm about, climate change and the need for action and investment to mitigate the effect of global heating, Paul highlighted, even before this summer’s unprecedented heatwaves.‘Thereis a real recognition that action is required now, and they want to see councils take a lead role in this along with govern ment. And they want to see more money spent on their local area on this as we try to drive towards net zero,’ he said. This included more investment in reduc ing waste, creating an electric vehicle charg ing infrastructure, promoting cycling and walking, providing greener infrastructure and amenities, and improving flood defences.‘There is a need for a long-term financial settlement for local government, at the very least. That is the only way we’re going to break the cycle of “patch and repair” on many things, not just roads and street light ing,’ Paul warned.
When asked where their spending priori ties would lie if, notionally, more money could be made available, repairing pot holes topped the list, more winter maintenance spending was mid-table and more invest ment in street lighting was near the bottom of the priority agenda. However, as Paul emphasised: ‘That doesn’t mean they don’t want to see money spent on street lighting services. They do. It is just in comparison to the other services that they want to see more money spent on.’
‘So, APSE will be looking at things like, in the quality area, ILP member ship, ILP company membership, ILP competence levels within the workforce and so forth, and it will be sharing that data with us and we will be looking at how jointly we can feed back on that. ‘This is an important collabora tion,’ Justin concluded.
‘THIS IS AN COLLABORATION’IMPORTANT
REFURBISHMENTRoyal
L ocated in the seaside town of South port on Merseyside, Lord Street is steeped in history and tradition as well as being a popular tourist hotspot. The mile-long stetch of canopied shops and tea rooms is even famously believed to have been the inspiration behind the iconic tree-lined boulevards of Paris.
After Louis Napoleon III left his property on Lord Street, he began works to redesign the city of Paris. Lord Street is now home to mul tiple listed buildings of national interest; some of which date back to the eighteenth century.Forthe past 70 years, two matching cop per lanterns have been proudly marking either end of Lord Street – originally installed by Southport Corporation Lighting Committee in June 1953. These lanterns were installed to com memorate the coronation of Queen Eliza beth II and were made using a mix of bronze and copper. With there is little knowledge on the original lanterns, it is to be assumed these were designed and uniquely manufac tured in the UK. RISK OF COLLAPSE Southport is in the metropolitan borough of Sefton. In 2021, it was decided by Sefton Council to refurbish the lanterns and col umns. The local authority had discovered visual cracking in the concrete columns and, because of the weight of the corona tion lanterns, it was deemed they had the potential to collapse. Safety for the public was paramount, so it was decided these columns needed to be removed with immediate effect. Once the columns were carefully removed by the con tractor, Jones Lighting, the lanterns were assessed.Withthe ability now to fully analyse the lanterns for the first time, it was decided that, due to considerable signs of wear and tear, it would be beneficial to refurbish them before they were re-erected on the new lightingSeftoncolumns.Council required a specialist in both fabrication and engineering to ensure
By Polly Wedgbury, Stephen Hart and Will Hebden
Installed for Queen Elizabeth’s coronation in 1953, two matching heritage columns with copper lanterns on Southport’s historic Lord Street had come to the end of their lives and were at risk of collapse. A painstaking refurbishment meant they were proudly back in place in time for this summer’s Platinum Jubilee celebrations
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Having worked with us at Pudsey Dia mond Engineering for many years, the coun cil decided to call upon us to carry out the refurbishment works, with Jones Lighting as the contractor for this job. Because of the strong historic value of these lanterns, instead of replacing the whole unit the aim was to restore as much of the originals as possible. One of the first steps in this project was therefore to remove and examine the original lanterns and col umns, to identify the severity of the damage and create a project plan. Jones Lighting worked diligently to make sure the lanterns were safely removed and stored securely with the intention of being refurbished and reinstated. The lanterns and columns then began the 200-mile jour ney to our factory in Hampshire so that our team could start the engineering process. Due to the unusual octagonal shape, it was clear we had our work cut out, with any new parts needed being far from standard. Once delivered, we began by disassem bling each lantern. After thoroughly clean ing all parts, it was evident various compo nents needed to be replaced; years of corrosion, in-service weathering and gen eral wear and tear had damaged these parts beyond repair. However, other components, such as the cast bronze lantern frame had stood the test of time and could be restored sensitively using the correct techniques. Once a project plan was approved we used CAD software to create dimensionally accu rate 3D models of each component. These detailed models were used to help visualise how the finished product would look, and how everything would fit together. Another important stage prior to manufacture was the use of 3D prints; these were used to con firm key design decisions like the size and shape of replacement parts.
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CAREFUL REFURBISHMENT
the refurbishment of the lanterns and that the new columns not only complemented the traditional Victorian architecture of Lord Street but also delivered safe, highperformance lighting.
The original glass panels were carefully removed, some of which had previously been replaced with formed polycarbonate because of breakages. Each panel was repli cated by drape-forming polycarbonate sheet, then cut to size, ready to be sealed in position once the lantern frame had been restored. This ensured a perfect fit and improved the integrity of the unit. Due to the severity of the damage, the main canopy of each lantern needed to be remade. Using our in-house manufacturing facilities and highly skilled team, we punched, folded and fabricated new cano pies in 2mm copper. These were then sent to a specialist bead blaster to apply a fine matte finish.The cast bronze frames, other than repair ing a broken weld and a good clean, needed little attention. We repaired the broken weld, then sent both frames to be bead blasted to bring them back to their original lustre.New hinges were fitted to the two access doors, as well as bespoke captive fastenings to securely hold the doors closed. The lower part of the lantern frame, which was origi nally a two-part formed hemisphere made from thin gauge copper (used to conceal the lantern attachment bolts), needed replacing due to heavy corrosion. We replaced this with a newly designed 1.5mm thick copper spinning, not only improving maintenance access to the securing bolts, but also improv ing the longevity of the component. Once the restoration side of the project was underway, we turned our attention to the LED upgrade. The original fitting for these luminaires was akin to an industrial plumbing-style lamp holder, with two 250W SON-T lamps attached without any optics/ reflectors.Afterdiscussions with all parties to deter mine the desired specification, we opted to fit four high-efficiency ‘COB’ LED modules, providing a combined output of 30klms at a power of 210W. We chose a colour
CHALLENGING INSTALLATION Prior to installation a lot of investigative and excavation work was therefore required to safely remove and reinstall the new col umns, due to the proximity of underground services and the location on the main road. The main install had to be a night opera tion and, because of the size of one of the roundabouts, there was limited access close to the column position, meaning a crane had to be ordered in for the installation. This also meant the lantern head had to be fitted before the column was craned into position and quickly set into ground. To assist with this challenging installation, we manufactured a bracket to make lifting the lanterns on to the columns easier. The installation was carried out by Jones Light ing, along with the organisation of traffic management and night permits. Because of the historical significance involved with this project, close attention to detail was imperative, along with close col laboration and communication. Given that the lanterns were originally installed to commemorate Queen Eliza beth’s coronation, we were also delighted to have the refurbished lanterns in situ in time for her majesty’s Platinum Jubilee celebra tions this summer. It has been all about ensuring the future is bright for the next gen eration along with the environmental bene fits of refurbing an existing asset. Let’s, however, leave the final words to Jones Engineering and Sefton Council. ‘As you would expect with such a high-pro file project, the planning and execution of the works were vital to ensuring a successful outcome that the client and the public would appreciate. To this end, Jones Lighting, Pud sey Diamond, and Sefton Council’s street lighting team worked collaboratively to put together a plan and process that has resulted in the refurbishment and installation of an outstanding piece of historical feature light ing,’ says Jones Engineering operations director John Francis. ‘Sefton Council has worked with Pudsey Diamond for many years on various projects so, due to the sensitivity surrounding the refurbishment of the 1953 coronation lan terns, we knew asking Pudsey Diamond to come on board was the obvious thing to do, which has been proven to be the correct decision by the fantastic results of this pro ject,’ agree Mark Bond EngTech MILP and Mark Kenny, senior street lighting engineers at Sefton Council.
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temperature of 3000K and an area distribu tion optic, providing a warm and aestheti cally pleasing lighting output. To ensure a long-lasting operation we fitted our ‘ClampPD’ IP66-rated sealed enclosure, which helps to protect against water and dust ingress. For ease of maintenance, each LED module is accessible and maintainable through the lantern doors. One of the main challenges our engineer ing and design team faced was that the two lanterns were handmade and therefore no two parts were the same. This was not ideal and caused numerous issues in the initial stages. However, we quickly overcame this by handling each lantern as a separate prod uct and carrying out measurement and design works for both lanterns individually. This resulted in each lantern having bespoke components tailormade to suit. With the lanterns being almost 2m wide and weighing 150kg, another issue was the considerable strain to the columns. So, when it came to replacing the original 8m and 7.5m concrete columns, it was imperative our new columns could not only withstand the weight of the lanterns but also the windage at such a height.
PROJECT CREDITS Client: Sefton Council Design and manufacture: Pudsey Diamond Contractor: Jones Lighting Polly Wedgbury is sales and marketing administrator, Stephen Hart is area sales engineer and Will Hebden is product development manager at Pudsey Diamond
ROUND-T H E - CLOCK
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CIRCADIAN LIGHTING INSTALLATION
Installing
J uly’s Lighting Journal illustrated very clearly how lighting healthcare settings effectively, sensitively and sympatheti cally is not straightforward – particu larly within hospitals – even with the added flexibility and control now available through LED. A research study has further illustrated this complexity in the context of lighting for care homes, but also the real potential bene fits for residents and staff that can be accrued from well-considered lighting design, espe cially circadian lighting. The study was undertaken by WCS Care, which runs Woodside Care Village in War wickshire. It partnered with academics at Coventry University to gauge the health and wellbeing impacts for care home residents of switching to a circadian lighting system (supplied by TRILUX Lighting) installed into one household and public area at its first new-build home, Drovers House in Rugby. The study looked at three areas: the circa dian lighting system, changes to nutrition (especially the introduction of whey pro tein-supplemented drinks) and the intro duction of a ‘wide awake club’ designed to better support residents’ sleep patterns, especially for those with dementia and who often were at risk of wandering at night. Nat urally, for the purposes of this article we’ll focus mostly on the circadian lighting aspects of the study.
www.theilp.org.uk SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 53 Healthcare lighting
The new lighting cycles through 2700K-6500K throughout a 24-hour period, controlled via TRILUX’s ‘Livelink’ control system.Themotivation behind it is that WCS has a target of aiming to provide 1.5 hours of out door time per week for all residents. How ever, in reality, this isn’t always possible for everyone. For many older people living in care homes, lack of mobility and complex daily routines means they don’t get enough natural daylight, so the body struggles to dif ferentiate between waking and restful hours. So, the intention with installing circadian lighting is to ensure residents still benefit from ‘natural’ daylight rhythms and so com pensate for those times where they can’t get outside for whatever reason. The introduction of circadian lighting, it is also hoped, will help to maintain healthy sleep/wake rhythms, reduce seasonal affec tive disorder (SAD), reduce ‘sun-downing’ (or a state of confusion that can occur in the late afternoon and lasting into the night) and even potentially reduce or mitigate some of the symptoms caused by dementia. The study was therefore a way to try and gather some evidence beyond just the anec dotal that this switch was having the desired beneficialFollowingeffects.arigorous consent process to ensure all residents (or their carers or fami lies) had fully consented to take part, a range of data was collected. This included informa tion on sleep patterns, behavioural observa tions, and activities being participated in. A trained observer (one of the carers) observed participants for up to six hours one week following installation (‘time one’), and then at either eight or 12 weeks later (‘time two’).Sleep monitors were fitted under each consenting participants’ mattress for 12 circadian lighting in a care home led to improvements in behaviour and sleep patterns for residents, a research project has tentatively concluded, but, for staff, took some getting used to By Nic Paton
‘It was suggested that the lighting could be dimmed later, as some residents were requesting to go to bed before they had eaten their dinner,’ the researchers concluded.
IMPROVED BEHAVIOURS
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Healthcare lighting
This, WCS has argued, illustrates that, even if lighting is just one part of the equa tion, a positive impact can potentially be achieved in a short period of time. Indeed, the findings have been deemed positive enough by the care home provider to justify extending the circadian lighting system across the complete Woodside site, from the general areas through to the bed rooms and ensuite wet rooms.
More positive effects reported by staff, however, included including sleeping better, with one participant reporting a reduction in symptoms from seasonal affective disorder.‘Mood amongst several members of staff had improved. Once in bed, residents were less likely to get up in the night, leading to reduced care loads for night staff. ‘There were some increases in care duties during the day due to the increase in positive behaviours from residents (sociability, chat ting, activity), however it was stressed that this was positive. Stressful interactions with residents were reduced due to reduction in sun-downing behaviour, agitation and aggression,’ the study also concluded.
weeks to collect data on things such as heart rate, sleep time, sleep stages, breathing rate, and movements in bed.
WCS staff who regularly worked in one of the households at Drovers House were also invited to take part in the study. In all, four residents and ten members of staff took part in the pilot study on circadian lighting, and six residents and six staff in the pilot study on nutrition. When it came to the impact on behaviour of switching to circadian lighting, most staff reported increases in positive behaviour among residents, the study found. This included increased chatting, dancing, and sociability, it found. ‘Reductions in negative behaviour such as aggression, agitation, and sun-downing were also reported,’ it said. Whether this could be directly attributed to the new lighting was less easy to gauge, however. As the research conclusions said: ‘There was disagreement over the extent of these changes, and whether the introduc tion of the lighting was the cause of the changes.’Views on whether the lighting had changed the sleep patterns of the residents were also mixed. ‘Some staff reported no change, and other staff noted that residents were going to bed and getting up earlier.’
‘The dimmed lighting in the evening could be difficult for some to work in, particularly for reception staff, however this was improved by additional lighting at reception. Staff noted they needed to remember to complete paperwork in the brighter daylight if possible,’ the study added.
The research also highlighted a number of positive anecdotal stories from residents, such as one elderly gentleman who had found it difficult to adjust to living in a care home. However, when he transferred to Woodside he settled within three days.
This was also backed by electronic care record data held by WCS that showed three out of four participants saw an increase in daytime activities they participated in. There was an overall increase in positive behaviours, and a decrease in negative behaviours between time one and time two. The findings weren’t all positive, however. ‘Some staff reported headaches following the initial installation [of the circadian light ing system], however these reduced as time went on,’ the research highlighted.
NEED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH When it came to recommendations and con clusions, the research study found that all staff surveyed stated they would recom mend the installation of the lighting in fur ther households and care homes, but that larger-scale research was needed to deter mine if the behavioural changes identified were indeed due to the circadian lighting.
‘For an adequate evaluation, participation of multiple sites is likely required; hence we are planning to explore the feasibility of a future multicentre study (subject to fund ing),’ it ‘Someargued.participants felt it would have been useful to have had information regarding the lighting prior to installation to enable them to answer questions from residents and other members of staff. Dim lighting in bathroom areas caused difficulty for care staff when bathing residents, however it was reported that this problem was solved.
LIGHTINGDESIGNPRODUCT YOUR GUIDE SUSTAINABILITYTO REGULARSERIESLIVE RECYCLING & RE-USE There has been a noticeable shift in perceptions around sustainability within the lighting sector. No longer do we assume that sustainability is simply about energy e ciency and getting our waste recycled. Working with the lighting industry Recolight has launched key initiatives to provide information, practical guidance, and services to help companies transition to a circular economy. www. .co.uk Visit esManufactureDistributeUtcelloCelcyceR ResueRe-Manufacture Refurbish
Continuing our 2022 series on women working within lighting, Lindsey McPhillips, senior lighting engineer at City of Edinburgh Council and Chair of ILP Scotland, looks back on her route into the industry, and how lighting continues to inspire her By Lindsey McPhillips
TELL US ABOUT YOUR WORK I work with a great team of guys in the operations side of street lighting, monitor ing faults and answering queries about our existing street lighting infrastructure. Because of this I like to keep our inven tory as up to date as possible. To answer queries, you need the information to hand. If you put rubbish into your system, you’ll get rubbish out. The first job I had as a trainee technician was transferring information from design Edinburgh at night. Lindsey is part of the team that has upgraded more than 55,000 streetlights to LED, a key element of the council’s ambition to reduce the city’s carbon footprint and reach net zero by 2030
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My name is Lindsey McPhillips, I’m a sen ior lighting engineer working for The City of Edinburgh Council and the current Chair of ILP Scotland. Like most in this industry, I stumbled into the street lighting career. I’ve always had a technical mindset and enjoyed tech nical and craft subjects while at school. I left school after sixth year (like the final year of sixth from in England) with only one higher qualification in technical draw ing and was determined to find some sort of craft Afterapprenticeship.severalinterviews, I was offered a pattern-makers’ apprenticeship and a modern apprenticeship with a large mobile phone manufacturer. I took the modern apprenticeship posi tion and enjoyed every stage of it, gaining a national certificate in electronic engineering.Unfortunately, halfway through the apprenticeship the company closed, mak ing all employees redundant. I was lucky enough to complete the craft modern apprenticeship in 2005 with a small man ufacturing company; I also gained an advanced higher national certificate in electromechanical engineering practices. During those four years I then gained various manufacturing Scottish voca tional qualifications and continued in the field of manufacturing until I was again made redundant in 2009. I decided then I needed to redirect my career path. I spotted an advert for a trainee street lighting technician and got the position working for The City of Edinburgh Council in 2010. I expected to be given high-viz PPE and a set of tools to go out changing lamps, so I was surprised when the street lighting manager pointed me to a desk and said, ‘that’s where you’ll beFromsitting’!there, I continued gaining qualifi cations to meet the criteria of lighting technician, including an HNC in electrical engineering and the Exterior Lighting Diploma, both completed in 2012.
TELL US ABOUT YOURSELF
To my mind there are no barriers; if you want something you work hard and you go for it, just like anyone else.
I just thought there would be very little chance of being made redundant as we’ll always need light no matter where we are! I’ve always enjoyed technical subjects; my dad was an engineer. So I could see that having that technical experience allowed him to carry out tasks around the house with ease because we use the knowledge and problem solving tech niques in everything we do. I wanted that!
WHO OR WHAT WAS YOUR INSPIRATION TO GET INTO LIGHTING?
The ILP is very good for providing CPD, introducing you to new technologies, refreshing your knowledge on what you think you already know; I’ve learned something new from every technical ses sion I’ve attended.
HOW HAS THE ILP HELPED YOU IN YOUR LIGHTING ‘JOURNEY’?
Just go for it. What is really holding you back? Lindsey McPhillips is senior lighting engineer at City of Edinburgh Council Lindsey (left) at the 2022 Energy Awards at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London, where she was part of the project team awarded ‘Energy Project of the Year – Public’. Below: as a proud graduate
There are a couple. We’ve just completed an energy efficient street lighting project, upgrading more than 55,000 streetlights to LED. The whole world is focusing on reducing its carbon footprint and Edin burgh Council has a climate target to reach net zero by 2030. Through this project, we’ve started to make great progress towards that target. Carbon emissions have reduced by 75%; this is approximately 7,000 tonnes of CO2 over the last four years. This project has given me a great sense of satisfaction. I was also honoured that in June the project team won an award for, ‘Energy Project of the Year – Public’ at the 2022 Energy Awards. It was an absolute honour to be part of the team receiving the award at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London. The other project I’m proud of is the Gogar Roundabout lantern conversion project, completed in 2012. My objective here was to relight the roundabout and the main traffic routes leading onto the roundabout using LED lanterns. I used this in my lighting diploma project (Module 4), so every aspect was considered and documented. Being in the operations department, I don’t get a lot of opportunity to design lighting schemes, so this project really pushed the boundaries and it’s one I’ll never forget.
WHAT DO YOU CONSIDER IS STILL A BARRIER, IF ANYTHING, FOR WOMEN IN LIGHTING?
The Exterior Lighting Diploma I gained with the ILP two years into my career was also a great experience, giving me the opportunity to learn from some of the best lighting professionals in the industry.
WHAT WOULD BE YOUR MESSAGE TO OTHER WOMEN IN, OR WANTING TO GET INTO, LIGHTING?
drawings into our inventory systems. I take pride in this so, although we have a technical administrator doing that type of work now, I still run our energy reports at the end of the month, meaning I can scru tinise the information we have and correct it if required.
WHAT WOULD BE YOUR MESSAGE TO YOUR YOUNGER SELF ABOUT WHAT IT’S POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE IN LIGHTING? Keep doing what you’re doing, refer to the standards, read all the guidance you can, listen carefully to the older more experi enced engineers; their knowledge is price less, and they’ll not be around forever.
The thought of turning a space that feels intimidating and sometimes daunting into a safe space for the end users makes me feel good about what we do and gives me the drive to do it well.
www.theilp.org.uk SEPTEMBER 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL 57 Women in lighting
HOW DOES LIGHT INSPIRE YOU?
WHAT PROJECT OR WORK ARE YOU MOST PROUD OF AND WHY?
I also continue to develop our inventory systems where possible to provide the best information we can.
LIGHTING CONSULTANTS This directory gives details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services STEVEN BIGGS IEng MILP MILESTONE INFRASTRUCTURE PETERBOROUGH PE1 5XG T: 07834 STEVEN.BIGGS@MILESTONEINFRA.CO.UK506705 MILESTONEINFRA.CO.UK Award winning lighting design specialists, delivering innovative design, installation and maintenance solutions in highways, public realm, commercial and architectural Ourenvironments.HERSregistered team provide design strategies, impact assessment, technical & certifier support. TOM BROOME BEng(Hons) IEng MCIBSE MSLL MILP SERVICES DESIGN SOLUTION 19-23 MARY SEACOLE ROAD, THE MILLFIELDS, PLYMOUTH, PL1 3JY T: 01752 255900 E: INFO@SDSOLUTION.CO.UK HTTPS://WWW.SDSOLUTION.CO.UK SDS offer a range of lighting design services, combining creativity, technical and practical knowledge to deliver quality lighting designs and impact assessments. From feasibility, planning, through to post-construction, we are passionate about creating exceptional environments for living, work and wildlife. PETER WILLIAMS EngTech AMILP WILLIAMS CONSULTANTSLIGHTINGLTD. BEDFORD, MK41 6AG T: 01608642530 E: PETER.WILLIAMS@WLCLIGHTING.CO.UK WWW.WLCLIGHTING.CO.UK Specialists in the preparation of quality and effective street lighting design solutions for Section 38, Section 278 and other highway projects. We also prepare lighting designs for other exterior applications. Our focus is on delivering solutions that provide best value. HERBIE BARNIEH BEng CEng MILP PROJECT CENTRE 1 AMERICA SQUARE, LONDON, EC3N 2LS T: 0330 135 8950, 077954 HERBIE.BARNIEH@PROJECTCENTRE.CO.UK75570 WWW.MARSTONHOLDINGS.CO.UK/PROJECTCENTRE Efficient, innovative, and bespoke lighting design services from an award winning consultancy. Experienced in delivering exterior lighting projects from feasibility studies to post construction. Whether it’s highway, street, or public realm lighting, let us assist you to realise your project goals. LORRAINE CALCOTT IEng FILP IALD MSLL ILA BSS IT DOES LIGHTING LTD THE CUBE, 13 STONE HILL, TWO MILE ASH, MILTON KEYNES, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, MK8 8DN T: 01908 560110 E: INFORMATION@ITDOES.CO.UK WWW.ITDOES.CO.UK Award winning lighting design practice specialising in interior, exterior, flood and architectural lighting. Emphasis on section 278/38, public realm, ecology receptor mitigation and supporting Councils with planning approvals, CDM2015 and SBD accredited. Specialists in circadian spectrally specific lighting design. MARK CHANDLER EngTech AMILP MMA CONSULTANCYLIGHTINGLTD READING RG10 9QN T: 0118 3215636 E: MARK@MMA-CONSULTANCY.CO.UK WWW.MMA-CONSULTANCY.CO.UK Exterior lighting consultant’s who specialise in all aspects of street lighting design, section 38’s, section 278’s, project management and maintenance assistance. We also undertake lighting appraisals and environmental lighting studies PATRICK REDMOND HDip Bus IEng MILP AMSLL Tech IEI REDMOND MANAGEMENTANALYTICALSERVICES LTD. M: + 353 (0)86 2356356 E: PATRICK@REDMONDAMS.IE WWW.REDMONDAMS.IE Independent expert lighting design services for all exterior and interior lighting applications. We provide sustainable lighting solutions and associated electrical designs. Our services include PSDP for lighting projects, network contractor auditing, and GPS site surveys for existing installations. ANDREW LONGMAN BEng (Hons) CEng MILP MIET MHEA -Managing Director DESIGNS FOR LIGHTING LTD WINCHESTER SO23 7TA T: +44 (0)1962 855080 M: +44 (0)7779 327413 E: ANDREW@DFL-UK.COM WWW.DFL-UK.COM Professional lighting design consultancy offering technical advice, design and management services for exterior/interior applications for highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset manage ment, visual impact assessments and planning. MICHAEL WALKER IEng MILP CMS MCCANN LTD NOTTINGHAM NG9 6DQ M: 07939 896887 E: M.WALKER@JMCCANN.CO.UK WWW.MCCANN-LTD.CO.UK Design for all types of exterior lighting including street lighting, car parks, floodlighting, decorative lighting, and private lighting. Independent advice regarding light trespass, carbon reduction and invest to save strategies. Asset management, data capture, inspection and testing services available. STEPHEN HALLIDAY EngTech AMILP WSP MANCHESTER M50 3SP T: 0161 886 2532 E: STEPHEN.HALLIDAY@WSPGROUP.COM WWW.WSPGROUP.COM Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications. PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel. STEPHEN HIGHAM IEng MILP SHD LIGHTING CONSULTANCY LTD BOLTON BL2 6SE M: 07834 490 192 E: STEVE@SHDLIGHTING.CO.UK WWW.SHDLIGHTING.CO.UK Outdoor lighting consultancy specialising in adoptable highway and private lighting designs. Our services include Section 38, Section 278, Car Park lighting designs, Commercial floodlighting schemes and environmental impact lighting assessment reporting. Qualified design team with 24 years’ experience in exterior lighting. ANTHONY SMITH IEng FILP STAINTON LIGHTING DESIGN SERVICES LTD STOCKTON ON TEES TS23 1PX T: 01642 565533, E: ENQUIRIES@STAINTONLDS.CO.UK WWW.STAINTONLDS.CO.UK Specialist in: motorway, highway schemes, illumination of buildings, major structures, public artworks, amenity area lighting, public spaces, car parks, sports lighting, asset management, reports, plans, assistance, maintenance management, electrical design and communication network design. Registered personnel. ALAN TULLA IEng FILP FSLL ALAN TULLA LIGHTING WINCHESTER, SO22 4DS T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: ALAN@ALANTULLALIGHTING.COM WWW.ALANTULLALIGHTING.COM Site surveys of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Visual Impact Assessments for planning applications. Specialises in problem solving and out-of-the-ordinary projects. SIMON BUSHELL MBA DMS IEng MILP ENERVEO PORTSMOUTH PO6 1UJ M: +44 (0)7584 313990 T: +44 (0)121 387 9892 E: SIMON.BUSHELL@ENERVEO.COM WWW.ENERVEO.COM Professional consultancy from the UK’s and Irelands largest external lighting contractor. From highways and tunnels, to architectural and public spaces our electrical and lighting designers also provide impact assessments, lighting and carbon reduction strategies along with whole installation packages. ALAN JAQUES IEng FILP ATKINS NOTTINGHAM, NG9 2HF T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 E: ALAN.JAQUES@ATKINSGLOBAL.COM WWW.ATKINSGLOBAL.COM Professional consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning. ALLAN HOWARD BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL WSP LONDON WC2A 1AF T: 07827 306483 E: ALLAN.HOWARD@WSPGROUP.COM WWW.WSPGROUP.COM Professional artificial and daylight lighting services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice and analysis to develop and implement energy and carbon reduction strategies. Expert witness regarding obtrusive lighting, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations. registered personnel. BONNIE BROOKS BA(Hons) BEng (Hons) MSc CEng MSLL MCIBSE MILP ILLUME DESIGN LTD EXETER EX4 1NF T: 07840 054601, E: INFO@ILLUME-DESIGN.CO.UK WWW.ILLUME-DESIGN.CO.UK Professional independent lighting design consultancy providing designs for all exterior applications, including street lighting. Specialists in assisting at the planning application stage with designs, strategies, lighting impact assessments, and expert witness, with a focus on mitigating ecological and environmental impacts. NICK SMITH IEng FILP MIES NICK SMITH ASSOCIATES LIMITED CHESTERFIELD, S40 3JR T: 01246 229444 E: MAIL@NICKSMITHASSOCIATES.COM WWW.NICKSMITHASSOCIATES.CO.UK Specialist exterior lighting consultant. Private and adopted lighting and electrical design for highways, car parks, area and sports lighting. Lighting Impact assessments, expert witness and CPD accredited Lighting design AutoCAD and Lighting Reality training courses. Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing LIGHT UP, DRIVE OVER EMINERE™ INGROUNDanolislighting.com
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