Lighting Journal March 2021

Professional best practice from the Institution of Lighting Professionals

March 2021

HISTORIC JOURNEY Telling the ‘story’ of one of Britain’s oldest houses through lighting LIGHTENING LOCKDOWN Using public realm lighting to bring much-needed fun to lockdown DYNAMIC CONNECTIONS How lighting has transformed the Øresund Bridge connecting Denmark and Sweden

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Contents AFTER THE 06 LIGHT DARK?

We all know the Covid-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the UK economy, even if the full scale of the damage is not yet clear. As the new ‘State of the Nation’ report on UK street lighting by the UK Roads Liaison Group has made clear, one route to recovery could be for local authorities significantly to accelerate the transition to LED

12 HUMBLE NO MORE

12

The ILP has developed muchneeded guidance to address the future role of a lighting column as much more than simply a ‘humble’ source for street lighting, but as a critical enabler of public realm ‘smart’ attachments. Allan Howard and David Lodge report

06

18 POST-PANDEMIC PLANNING

It is only as we (hopefully) emerge from Covid-19 later this year that the scale of the budgetary challenges facing local authorities will begin to become clear.

Although the pressures on authorities will be intense, maintaining our ageing lighting stock will nevertheless need to be an urgent topic on the recovery agenda, argues Dean Wendelborn

22

London Borough of Southwark has installed a ‘Shadowing’ light installation near Tate Modern on London’s South Bank. It’s all part of the council thinking innovatively about how public realm lighting can be used to enhance community wellbeing during the challenging months of the pandemic

26

REBUILDING SOCIETY?

The Covid-19 pandemic has upended so many long-held assumptions about how we live, work and play that, when thinking about what the future may look like, it is hard to know where to start. But, as Rob Waters writes, one thing that is clear is lighting, and connected lighting especially, will need to play a key role

30

22

LIGHTENING LOCKDOWN

HISTORIC JOURNEY

Creating a new lighting masterplan for one of the UK’s largest and most important historic houses, Knole House in Kent, was always going to be challenging. Julie O’Reilly explains how working to really understand, and

36

40 tell, the story of each space through lighting has most definitely paid off

36CIVIC MEMORY

The RAF Bomber Command Memorial in Hyde Park remembers the more than 55,000 aircrew who died flying raids over Germany and elsewhere during World War Two. Lighting has played a key part in creating a moving, civic memorial

40

DYNAMIC CONNECTIONS

Despite the Covid-19 pandemic doing its best to upset things, a new dynamic lighting scheme for the Øresund Bridge, which connects Denmark and Sweden, was successfully completed in time for its 20th anniversary last year.

Henrik Rohde Nielsen and Frederik Waneck Borello report

46 GREEN GOVERNANCE

The government has said it plans later this year to consult on reforms to the UK’s WEEE waste and recycling regulations. What can lighting professionals expect? A report by the Parliamentary Environmental Audit Committee has given us a few potential pointers, as Nigel Harvey explains

MANAGING LEGAL 50 RISK POST COVID

Even with this winter’s further lockdowns, the rollout of vaccines this year means that (hopefully) we are now entering the end game of the pandemic. As Howard Crossman advises, this means it is vital lighting firms take stock, consider how they’ve been affected by the past year, and assess what the post-Covid contractual world may be going to look like

p COVER PICTURE

The Brown Gallery, Knole House, Kent, showing the new lighting scheme by Sutton Vane Associates. Photograph by James Newton. Turn to page 30 for the full story

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Editor’s letter

Volume 86 No 3 March 2021 President Anthony Smith IEng FILP Chief Executive Tracey White Editor Nic Paton BA (Hons) MA Email: nic@cormorantmedia.co.uk

Lighting Journal’s content is chosen and evaluated by volunteers on our reader panel, peer review group and a small representative group which holds focus meetings responsible for the strategic direction of the publication.

If you would like to volunteer to be involved, please contact the editor. We also welcome reader letters to the editor.

Design Tolu Akinyemi B.Tech MSc Email: tolu@matrixprint.com

Advertising Manager Andy Etherton Email: andy@matrixprint.com Published by Matrix Print Consultants Ltd on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk Produced by Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C,Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com © ILP 2021

The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain. Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

W

ihat should we take away from the UK Roads Liaison Group’s State of the Nation street lighting survey, which we report on this month (from page six)?

First, simply the fact it has happened at all is positive. Anything that builds up a picture of the extent, condition and changing nature of UK street lighting is valuable, especially as it serves to complement the ILP’s own research back in the summer of 2019.

The report’s conclusions: that (very broadly) the transition to LED is continuing apace across the country, if unevenly; that there are still significant savings to be realised from LED within the public realm; that there is potential to go further on part-night dimming; and that the outsourcing of lighting expertise within local authorities is continuing, all provide important food for thought. I hope they will generate useful debate within the industry.

For me, however, the argument that stands out is how, post Covid, there is no better time for local authorities, as the UKRLG puts it, ‘to re-invigorate, drive forward and accelerate the replacement of the remaining lanterns in the UK with LED equivalents’.

On one hand of course, we all know there will be array of pressing social, community and economic demands on already drawstring-tight local authority budgets post pandemic. Is new street lighting really likely to be high on the post-crisis agenda?

On the other, there is a case to make that, by having the vision and foresight to do this, local authorities will in fact be enabling more investment to happen in these other pressing priority areas, even if only down the line. At the same time, they will be revitalising not just their community infrastructure but also their community cohesion.

Is it a stretch to say this? Maybe. But, as we highlight on page 22, bolstering community cohesion – and fun – through street lighting (albeit on a small scale) is precisely what London Borough of Southwark’s Perry Hazell has done by installing a ‘Shadowing’ installation outside Tate Modern on London’s South Bank. Given that Perry ran with the idea after hearing about it through an ILP webinar, it also, incidentally, shows the power and potential reach of the ILP, and ILP members, to effect tangible social change on the ground.

I’m not for a moment suggesting local authorities will, or even should, throw vast quantities of public money at street lighting as a core part of their regeneration strategies post pandemic (although it would be nice). But, especially now that (as Allan Howard and David Lodge show from page 12) the ILP has published much-needed guidance on the practicalities of making lighting columns enablers of ‘smart’ public realm infrastructure, there is, I’d argue, an important conversation to be having here at the very least. The challenge, as ever of course, will be in getting lighting’s voice heard and listened to around the table.

Finally, on a very different note, I’d like to point you in the direction of Julie O’Reilly’s article from page 30 on the work of Sutton Vane Associates in illuminating Knole House, one of the UK’s most important historic houses. As I’ve explained here before, I am a history buff and so am always a sucker for a nice bit of heritage lighting (we also, by the way, have a fascinating article from page 30 on how the Bomber Command memorial in Hyde Park was illuminated).

To that end, it was a privilege to be given even a virtual tour of the new lighting scheme, and to learn how Julie and her team went about ensuring the lighting is telling the ‘story’ of such a venerable property. I only hope that, once pandemic restrictions are finally lifted, the public will also once again be able to drink in its newly illuminated history.

Nic Paton Editor

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LIGHT AF THE DARK

FTER K? We all know the Covid-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the UK economy, even if the full scale of the damage is not yet clear. As the new ‘State of the Nation’ report on UK street lighting by the UK Roads Liaison Group has made clear, one route to recovery could be for local authorities significantly to accelerate the transition to LED

By Nic Paton

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Street lighting

B

ack in the summer of 2019, the ILP published its first National Street Lighting survey, designed to gauge the current state of local authority street lighting [1].

This, as Lighting Journal reported at the time (‘State of the Nation’, June 2019, vol 84, no 6) highlighted some positives, but also a number of more worrying findings.

One of the key positives was the extent of the conversion of local authority-controlled streetlights to LED (some 51% at the time and rising rapidly).

More concerning was the loss of lighting knowledge and expertise that had been experienced by local authorities, with some 13% of local authorities reporting having no directly employed lighting specialists on their payroll, and just a fifth (22%) employing three or more.

Better news, however, was that the finding that more than half of local authority lighting teams had at least one ILP member within them, and that there was a significant minority of non-lighting specialists within local authorities who were also ILP members, with all the benefits that brings.

That research, while immensely valuable, was, of course, just a snapshot in time of the industry. Nearly two years on, and a decade since the Department for Transport last carried out a detailed analysis of the UK’s street lighting assets, the UK Roads Liaison Group (UKRLG) along with the Chartered Institute of Highways and Transportation, UK Lighting & Technology Board and Streetlighting Advisory Services have carried out a new analysis of UK street lighting, including the ongoing conversion to LED. This has included the extent of part-night dimming, the changing nature of the industry and, critically, both the challenge and opportunity the Covid-19 pandemic poses to the industry.

The report, ‘State of the Nation: 2020 streetlighting survey’, complements (and, indeed, references) the ILP report and has been developed from an analysis of inventory data provided to DNOs (distribution network operators), inventory data from all 210 county councils, metropolitan and London boroughs (including Transport for London), along with unitary authorities across the UK and the four highway agencies in Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The data captured covers the period from March to June last year.

So, what has it found? The report is broadly split into five areas: an analysis of the UK’s street lighting assets; part night and dimming; the outstanding investment opportunity of converting to LED; the effect of casualisation and outsourcing; and the opportunity and challenge posed by Covid-19. We’ll examine the findings of each of these in turn. www.theilp.org.uk

THE UK’S STREET LIGHTING ASSETS

The report calculates there are (or were in the reporting period) a total of 7,190,166 streetlights across UK, of which 3,968,664 are LED, or more than half (55%).

When it comes to energy consumption, the estate costs £302m per annum to run, with current consumption being 1,887GWh per annum compared to 2,620GWh in 2010, so indicating the positive effect of transitioning to LED. In terms of CO2 emissions, this equates to 478,000 tonnes per annum, with emissions reductions the equivalent to replacing 250,000 petrol or diesel cars with electric, it adds.

The reports also notes: ‘It is notable that there are still a high percentage of lamps which have either been banned or will soon be banned under legislation or are no longer being manufactured.’ This can be seen in figure 1, which illustrates the different types of light source still in use.

Looking at conversion to LED, the report highlights how progress in replacing lanterns with LED varies across the different UK nations, with Wales leading in converting its national estate to LED equivalent, as shown in figure 2. As figure 3 illustrates, the north east and north west of England have nevertheless also been making good progress, with Northern Ireland lagging furthest behind.

Comparing its findings to the 2019 ILP report, the UKRLG argues the conversion rate to LEDs appears to have slowed to less than 200,000 since last year, representing only a 3% LED conversion rate per annum.

Indeed, there are still some 46 local authorities with less than 30% of their street lighting stock converted to LED or who still have to commence a substantial LED conversion programme. This, it adds, is ‘despite 40 of these local authorities declaring a climate change emergency more than 18 month ago’.

PART-NIGHT DIMMING

The report emphasises the point that, under BS 5489, it is recommended, as part of the five-step design process, that road lighting levels to be considered for lowered lighting levels during periods of reduced traffic volumes (such as the early hours of morning and evening) and that almost all new LED lanterns nowadays are supplied with programable dimming facilities at little or no extra cost. This, it (rightly) points out, ‘presents an opportunity for local authorities to optimise their lighting levels’.

Of the UK’s 5.1 million non-CMS streetlights, a total of 1.95 million operate either with a part-night dimming profile or are switched off for a portion of the night (part night), it concludes. And 116 (or 55%) of councils across the UK do now operate a

part-night policy, affecting 362,353 streetlights. Moreover, 198 councils (or nearly all) operate some form of part-night dimming, affecting 1.6 million lights.

Intriguingly, these results differ from the 2019 ILP survey, which reported only 19% of local authorities running part-night profiles, and with 52% of local authorities running some form of dimming. However, it is worth bearing in mind that the ILP did suffer from a relatively low response rate.

The UKLRG report adds: ‘It is estimated that there are additional savings of circa £30m per annum that could be achieved if all new conversions adopted some form of partnight dimming.’

An illustration of how the operating profiles differ is shown in figure 4, with the report’s analysis of the regime codes for part-night operation and part-night dimming showing that there is a wide spread of profiles used to manage lantern operation and no one specific profile dominates across the UK.

THE MISSED SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY?

The UKRLG also makes very clear there is a potential significant investment and savings opportunity here.

With 55% of the UK’s streetlighting inventory being LED lanterns, that means there are still more than 3.2 million lanterns that could benefit from replacement to LED. Indeed, a £755m of investment could generate £6.8bn of electricity cost savings and reduce CO2 emissions by 5.1m tonnes over the next 25 years.

This level of investment could, in turn, create or secure approximately 9,000 jobs in the lighting industry (based on 1,200 jobs being created for every £100m of spend), the report calculates.

As the report adds: ‘The UK investment case for converting the LED lantern replacements has a short payback period of five to six years.

‘The significant annual electricity saving of £125m along with lower estimated maintenance costs of £60m each year would significantly assist local authorities fund much-needed street lighting infrastructure replacements such as structurally defective lighting columns and underground cable networks which have reach the end of their asset life.’

LED lantern replacement ‘provides a strong value-for-money proposition for local authorities’, the report emphasises, especially compared with other CO2 reduction projects.

As shown in figure 5 overleaf, the electricity (and therefore cost) savings could also be significant, the report makes clear.

Existing street lighting annual electricity running costs are approximately £302m

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but converting the remaining 3.2 million non-LED streetlights to LED overnight would reduce these costs by £125m, to £177m. This saving alone would be enough to repair the UK’s 2.2 million potholes each year, the report also calculates.

One thing that came clear during the analysis was that, even where councils had begun to switch over to LEDs, many were failing to realise the full savings available to them.

As Lindsay McGregor, director at Streetlighting Advisory Services, explains: ‘While processing the data we found that too many councils were not updating their inventories monthly and, as a consequence, there was a real risk that councils were not realising their monthly savings in their electricity bills.’

INCANDESCENT 3,739

t Figure 1.

The different types of light source in use, and their current prevalence

HID 316,641 COSMOPOLIS 512,091 HIGH PRESSURE MERCURY 119,700 LOW PRESSURE MECURY 446,747 LOW PRESSURE SODIUM 548,087 HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM 1,274,497 LEDs 3,968,664

t Figure 2.

How the different devolved nations are doing on their LED conversion ‘journey’

CASUALISATION AND OUTSOURCING

While, it is clear, UKRLG believes there still remains a significant, and potentially untapped, opportunity for local authorities from LED, it also highlights some of the barriers that have led to the lack of progress so far. It identifies three in particular.

1. Resource constraints within local authorities. As this report argues, ‘resource’ in this context is not just financial. ‘The casualisation, outsourcing and contracting-out of roles and responsibilities, as well as rationalisation of roles through retirement or redundancy, has seen the specialist skills of streetlighting engineers disappear from certain local authorities and so removed the awareness of this opportunity, or the skills to hand to deliver it,’ it states.

2. Lack of skill-sets to create and deliver a business case. This, again, is arguably a people issue. Or, as the report states: ‘Development of a business case requires combinations of various skill-sets that include financing, technical, design, as well as procurement and, again, skills’ gaps can inhibit the creation and delivery of a robust business case.’

3. Removal of centrally provided support.

Streetlighting programmes supported by governments in Scotland and England through the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and local partnerships have largely been removed, ‘and this has resulted in fewer projects being developed’. For instance, it notes that, after the Scottish Government in 2018 removed direct project support, the rate of annual LED conversions fell by 30%.

Six councils had not undertaken any conversions since and a further five fewer than 5% annually. No new business cases had been created either.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

NORTH EAST t Figure 3.

A further, more regional, breakdown of progress towards the transition to LED

NORTH WEST WALES AND WELSH GOVERNMENT SCOTLAND AND TRANSPORT YORKSHIRE AND HUMBERSIDE EAST MIDLANDS GREATER LONDON AND TFL ENGLAND AND HIGHWAY ENGLAND EAST OF ENGLAND WEST MIDLANDS SOUTH WEST SOUTH EAST NORTHERN IRELAND TOTAL UK 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

p Figure 4. How the operating profiles for part-night dimming can vary

www.theilp.org.uk

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Street lighting

£302M

Annual Electricity costs

10

£177M

£299M £282M £269M

£176M

£308M £271M £244M £181M

£322M £265M £222M £189M

£346M

£264M £203M

Projected costs no LED conversions Projected annual costs 3 year conversion

20/21

21/22

22/23

23/24

£350M

£247M £205M

£353M

£356M

£359M

£228M £207M

£209M

£211M

£379M

£223M

Projected annual costs 6 year conversion convert to 100% LED

24/25

25/26

26/27

27/28

28/29

29/30

Financial year

p Figure 5. The potentially significant electricity and cost savings that could still be made by conversion to LED

THE POST-COVID OPPORTUNITY

Finally, the report (unsurprisingly) notes that the Covid-19 pandemic has had ‘a devastating’ impact on the whole of the UK economy.

Despite the short-term pressure this will put many local authorities under, the report nevertheless argues there is an opportunity here in that now, in fact, there is ‘no better time to re-invigorate, drive forward and accelerate the replacement of the remaining lanterns in the UK with LED equivalents. It would create a win-win situation for local authorities and their communities.’

This, the UKRLG points out, will enable local authorities to make substantial savings on existing budgets. Or, if other areas are more pressing, it will allow financial resources to be either saved or re-allocated to other critical frontline delivery areas that have been affected by Covid-19 or require support arising from the pandemic.

As it says: ‘There is a £755m tried-andtested capital infrastructure investment opportunity that, if centrally supported with relatively modest resource, could provide very positive signalling to the extended industry supply chain, from manufacturers to designers, as well as installers and other service contractors.’

Moreover, while the impact of Covid19 in the workplace remains uncertain, street lighting installation ‘can be very easily and effectively managed to minimise the risk of spreading infection and can support the continuity of businesses and employment for many thousands of people’, the report adds.

More widely, investment in LED

transition would help the various UK governments and local authorities to deliver on what are extremely challenging CO2 emission reduction targets.

On top of this, lighting column-based Internet of Things-enabled ‘smart’ technologies can, of course, allow local authorities and municipalities to begin to rethink and remodel their public realm spaces, something that may in time be more important as the changes wrought to societies and communities

by Covid-19 become clearer.

and installation markets of future opportunities.’

However, the report concludes with an example of the sort of structural, cultural and attitudinal barriers that remain, and therefore the scale of the ongoing challenge that the lighting industry faces to get its voice heard (and listened to) around the table.

It notes that the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in October launched a £1bn grant scheme to support the decarbonisation of public sector buildings in England, even though this subsequently closed to applications in January [3].

‘However, the scheme has excluded street lighting projects from being supported by the fund, but it is evident from this report that providing targeted support to local authorities is crucial now to support a green recovery and councils to meet their climate change ambitions,’ it adds.

THE VIEW FROM THE ILP

This report is welcomed and a fascinating insight into where we are as a nation with regards our lighting assets, writes Peter Harrison.

A real concern is the apparent demise of the lighting professional in local government. There is a misconception that LED lighting is ‘fit and forget’; it isn’t, far from it.

Many of these conversions are being installed on existing poles and columns (minor structures) that are, or are very close to, being life expired.

So, at a time when we have great news that lighting is playing such a vital role in reducing the nation’s carbon footprint, there has to be concern regarding the loss of expertise in managing life-expired minor structures.

CONCLUSIONS

The report concludes by emphasising that the data gathered gives us further evidence as to the precise position of UK electricity consumption, its carbon footprint, street lighting estate and conversion to LED. It is, still, of course, just a snapshot in time and therefore regular ongoing surveys and updates are likely to be valuable. Indeed, the report notes that district and parish council street lighting assets were not included in this research, and that this would be a useful information gap to plug in future.

Nevertheless, the UKRLG adds: ‘All this information can be usefully employed by the industry to lobby UK and devolved governments to reinvigorate specific streetlighting support initiatives for local authorities in developing and delivering business cases and programmes for converting their remaining estate.

‘Not only would this contribute to a green recovery and carbon emission reductions, but it would also provide useful signalling to the manufacturing

Peter Harrison is the ILP’s Technical Director •

Members should also check out the ILP’s GN06 Retrofitting LED luminaires on existing lighting columns, published in 2017. It can be found at: https://theilp.org.uk/publication/ guidance-note-6-retrofitting-led-luminaires-on-existing-lighting-columns/

[1] ‘State of the nation’, Lighting Journal, June 2019, vol 84 no 6, https://issuu.com/matrixprint/docs/lj_june_2019_for_issuu/6 [2] ‘State of the nation: 2020 street lighting report’, UK Roads Liaison Group, Chartered Institute of Highways and Transportation, UK Lighting & Technology Board, Streetlighting Advisory Services, January 2021. Available online at: https://ukrlg.ciht.org.uk/media/12713/sotn-report.pdf [3] ‘Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme’, https://www.salixfinance.co.uk/ PSDS; ‘Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme: closed to applications’, BEIS, January 2021, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/public-sector-decarbonisation-scheme-psds

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LIGHTING JOURNAL

HUMBLE NO MORE The ILP has developed much-needed guidance to address the future role of a lighting column as much more than simply a ‘humble’ source for street lighting, but as a critical enabler for, and carrier of, smart-space technologies and other public realm attachments. Turn to page 14 to find out more

By Allan Howard and David Lodge

MARCH 2021

LIGHTING JOURNAL

13

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Street lighting

T

he lighting industry, much like society as a whole, is seeing an increase in the digitalisation of society and of online service delivery by governments and business at both local and national levels.

This profound technological shift has meant a range of technologies are starting or continuing to be installed within the public and private realm. These include: •

• • •

Smart devices providing sensors and monitoring equipment for environmental and service data collection; electric vehicle charging; external Wi Fi and mobile communications equipment, including 5G; and increases in CCTV cameras monitoring traffic and pedestrian movements.

These technologies can help to manage and improve air quality and the environment, aid the delivery of local authority services, create local interest and improve the experience of residents, workers, businesses, tourists or other people passing through the area.

The range and scope of this additions is extensive, as shown in figure 1.

Lighting columns are, rightly, seen as a key facilitator of this evolution because they are located regularly across the urban realm, have the necessary height and a power supply – all aspects that are desirable.

When selecting which columns to use for attachments, there is a need to be realistic.

It is not expected that one column will need or be able to support all the attachments all the time.

There will of course be some permanent attachments, but others may be seasonal, whilst still others may only be in place for short periods of time.

Where possible, it stands to reason equipment should be distributed to columns that have fewer existing attachments for the greatest chance of being acceptable structurally. One column cannot support everything, and some columns will not be able to support any additional attachments.

This is where newly developed guidance from the ILP can – and undoubtedly will – help. The guidance, Guidance Note 12: The smart lighting column, is, as its title suggests, designed to help lighting professionals navigate the complexities of lighting columns being used as multi-faceted enablers of our increasingly connected urban realm.

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

The guidance discusses the many factors that the asset owner and an applicant wishing to attach their equipment on to the column needs to consider before proceeding, and the following are just a few of the core considerations. www.theilp.org.uk

1. Structural loading. As we know from the ILPs PLG22 document, stakeholders must be mindful that lighting columns are designated as minor structures, being designed to support a luminaire, bracket, and perhaps a sign or some other specific attachments [1].

It is important that lighting columns be treated as minor structures so that their structural capacity is assessed when making any changes to the structural loading by adding or removing attachments.

These checks will prevent unexpected failures of overloaded lighting columns or the shortening of the actual working life of the structure due to unintended consequences.

Where there is no alternative and the attachment must be placed on specific lighting columns, the attachment designer can reduce the structural impact by minimising the following factors: • • • • •

Weight (kg); Overall dimensions (height, width and depth); Solidity (percentage of silhouette area)/drag coefficient; Mounting height to underside; and Eccentricity (offset) of the centre of area to column centreline

column, for example not being close to the door cut-out or swage joint (shoulder) of the lighting column and spaced away from existing holes.

If this is not considered, the structural integrity of the structure may be adversely affected and the column risks collapsing so causing harm to the public.

Be aware that there is no good rule of thumb, as all column types will vary in design and materials and the safe distance will vary with hole size, column height and tube size, as well as the wind loading for the site location.

The distances outlined in figure 2 overleaf are provided purely by way of an example to stress the potential clearances involved and are not to be relied upon for design approval. But, as can be seen, the distances are not insignificant.

It should also be noted that the drilling of two or more holes at the same horizontal level should be avoided and holes within the same vertical plane need to be spaced greater than three-hole diameters apart.

All holes should be suitably brushed and sealed to prevent damage to the cabling and water ingress into the column. Applicable corrosion protection systems may need to be repaired to protect the cut edge from creating unsightly rust staining.

Based upon these details and an understanding of the PLG22 column condition, a structural engineer will be able to determine if a lighting column can support the proposed additional dead and wind loads.

2. Drilling of holes. A lot of attachments require power and perhaps data cabling. Holes may be required in the column face to allow those cables to route internally within the column to the base compartment.

This may be a simple modification on site, but the location of the proposed hole should be considered carefully, and calculations prepared/ checked by a civil or structural engineer.

Ideally, any hole would be away from positions that could significantly reduce the overall structural capacity of the

Wireless

e.g. Mobile Phone

Communication WiFi

Task/Event Controlled Adaptive Lighting

IoT Device

p Figure 1. Some of the myriad additions becoming more commonplace on today’s lighting columns

CCTV

- Sensors - Footfall - Environmental - CMS/Photocell - Banner - Public Address System - Signage - Festive Decorations - Hanging Baskets

Electric Charging Infrastructure

MARCH 2021

LIGHTING JOURNAL

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MARCH 2021

LIGHTING JOURNAL

Street lighting Column height

6m 8m 10m 12m

27mm hole Minimum height above swage 2.2m 1.7m 2.9m 2.7m

APPLICANT

LICENSING

- STREET LIGHTING - PLANNING - SPECIAL EVENTS - INSURANCE - LEGAL - PARKING - CCTV - ARBORICULTURE

3. Electrical. Any electrical attachments generally require additional equipment to be located within the base of the column, generally the base compartment is an enclosed area and is already fairly full with the main electrical cut-out and other required equipment.

It should be noted that Highways England’s Design Manual for Roads and Bridges advises that there shall be at least 25% usable spare space on the back board [2]. On top of this, BS7671 section 513.1 Accessibility states that, ‘every item of equipment shall be arranged so as to facilitate its operation, inspection and maintenance and access to each connection’ [3].

Furthermore, such ability to access equipment for inspection, testing and maintenance must not be significantly impaired by mounting any additional equipment in an enclosure or a compartment.

Where the new equipment is too large for the existing base compartment, an adjacent bolt-on-box or remote pillar may give a solution. Where this is not practical,

APPROVED

QUERY / CLARIFICATION

p Figure 3. A flow chart showing a best practice approach around managing enquiries

the lighting column may be replaced by a double-door column that does have sufficient space to accommodate the equipment required.

In addition, the supply connection may need to be changed to localised TT earthing for public safety and legislative compliance.

p Figure 2. Indicative distance of hole from swage joint for equivalent stress condition

LICENSING

4. Location. The location of the attachment should be chosen so as to not affect the operation, for example of hinging columns, or maintenance activities or limit access to the base compartment door.

In addition, any attachment must be installed so that it does not interfere with any other highway/public realm systems/ users. For example, CCTV cameras must not have their range of movement restricted or monitoring areas obscured, see limits set out in MCHW CD 354 Design of Minor Structures sections 5.10 to 5.17 [4].

BE JOINED UP

All asset owners, but local authorities in particular, need to prepare and apply a process for any adding new attachments. This should cover applications, assessment, approvals, asset record keeping and emergency contact information.

On top of this, the process map should cover installation, maintenance and removal of attachments as well as overall compliance monitoring.

Ensuring all relevant departments are joined up and providing one point of enquiry for all third-party equipment applications should minimise delays and bureaucracy.

Perhaps the best entry and exist point for all enquires would be the licensing team who can co-ordinate all the required consultations and provide a considered response. The flow chart in figure 3 illustrates this approach.

SUMMARY

The ILP’s new publication Guidance Note 12: The smart lighting column presents advice and guidance to assist the asset owner, the attachment designer, installer and operator whether considering the installation of a single new attachment on a lighting column or the rollout of a suite of smart city devices and telecommunications equipment across a large area.

It is designed to complement the Electronic Communications Code (Digital Economy Act 2017) and EU Implementing Regulation 2020/911 Small-area wireless access points [5, 6]. These, to recap, provide telecommunications providers with the legal authority to use highway assets such as lighting columns, lit signposts, and other street furniture to facilitate the expansion of their communications networks and promotes the sharing of such sites between providers.

In summary, applying the ILP’s guidance is a way for all such asset owners to work effectively with these companies. In the process, they will be able to ensure that any selected lighting column is physically, structurally and electrically suitable for the purposes it has been chosen for, while still fulfilling the basic service of providing good-quality lighting.

• Guidance Note 12: The smart lighting column is expected to be ready to download from the end of March or early April.

Look out in the ILP digital newsletter for more information. It will be available at: https://theilp.org.uk/resources/

Allan Howard BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL is director for lighting at WSP and David Lodge MEng MBA CEng MICE MHEA CPEng MIEAust RPEQ is technical director at CU Phosco

[1] GN22 Asset-Management Toolkit: Minor Structures (ATOMS) is available from: https://theilp.org.uk/publication/guidance-note-22-asset-management-toolkit-minor-structures-atoms/ [2] ‘Design Manual for Roads and Bridges’, Highways England, https://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/dmrb/search/a305f35f-2ec3-4e68-b4ca-e252af061249 [3] BS 7671 - 18th Edition: The IET Wiring Regulations, information and help for electrical installers, IET, https://electrical.theiet.org/bs-7671/ [4] CD 354 Design of minor structures, Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Highways England, file:///C:/Users/nicpa/AppData/Local/Temp/CD%20354%20revision%201%20Design%20of%20minor%20structures-web.pdf [5] Electronic Communications Code (Digital Economy Act 2017), https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/30/part/2/crossheading/electronic-communications-code/enacted [6] EU Implementing Regulation 2020/911 Small-area wireless access points, https://op.europa. eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/cc12bc83-bb7c-11ea-811c-01aa75ed71a1/language-en

www.theilp.org.uk

MARCH 2021

LIGHTING JOURNAL

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MARCH 2021

LIGHTING JOURNAL

POST PANDEMIC CHALLENGES FOR STREET LIGHTING ASSETS It is only as we (hopefully) emerge from Covid-19 later this year that the scale of the budgetary challenges facing local authorities will begin to become clear.

Although the pressures on authorities will be intense, our ageing lighting stock, as well as retaining our lighting professionals, nevertheless need to be urgent topics on the recovery agenda

By Dean Wendelborn

MARCH 2021

LIGHTING JOURNAL

Opinion: asset maintenance

W

e all know that, however or whenever the coronavirus pandemic finally ends, there will be tough times ahead financially for many of us, with local authorities – and local authority lighting – no exception.

I’ve been involved in street lighting since 2009, and before that worked in highways, and before that for Transport for London. So I’ve been through a number of economic cycles though, of course, nothing like the experience of the past year.

We will all be working with reduced budgets, largely because of the effect of Covid-19 but also because of impacts such as Brexit. Money that might normally have been allocated to us has, and quite rightly during a public health emergency, been put into more crucial areas, although we do of course still have the minimum we need to maintain the roads in an adequate state that all users expect.

At the same time, there is a big push, locally and nationally, for getting more people cycling, walking and using electric scooters, with all the infrastructure challenges that come alongside. We’re trying, too, to entice people into electric vehicles, as well as providing the charging infrastructure to accommodate that expansion.

INCREASING MAINTENANCE BACKLOG

So there are multiple ongoing, and deepening, financial challenges facing many local authorities. For me, however, one of the key challenges that the London Lighting Engineers Group, LoLEG, is facing – and which is not being talked about enough outside of lighting – is the increasing ‘red’ maintenance

backlog we face within street lighting and which, I suspect, is going to get monumentally worse this year and in future years.

We have not had ‘steady state’ funding for over ten years. As part of London’s State of the City report that the London Traffic Advisory Group produces, we’ve got four years of data that shows that backlog is slowly increasing overall across the London street lighting stock. And that decline correlates to our slowly reducing budgets. That backlog now stands at £200m for columns within London in poor condition [1].

Yet, at the same time, lighting columns, as minor structures, are being asked to support more and more additional items, such as 5G and smart devices through to your normal hanging baskets, advertising banners, cameras, and signs, so there is more weight and investment being placed on the column without the necessary investment put back into the column stock.

We’re getting to a point where if there is not an injection of money into our lighting stock soon, we may need to discuss things such as privatising the lighting stock, which to my mind is not the way we should go.

I used to joke at the LoLEG meetings, ‘remember when we used to talk about lights?’. Now we don’t really talk about lights at all; we talk about all the things that are attached to them: the EV chargers, the 5G, the CMS, smart sensors.

Pretty much every authority in the country, and certainly that I know in London, has seen deteriorating stock because we don’t have a steady state or an enhanced state of budget to maintain it.

www.theilp.org.uk

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MARCH 2021

LIGHTING JOURNAL

Opinion: asset maintenance The launch last year by the ILP of its GN22 Asset-Management Toolkit: Minor Structures (AToMS) has been, and has the potential to be, a game-changer in this debate, about how we can think about and manage asset maintenance in the current budgetary climate [2].

One of the things I like about GN22 is that it tries to simplify things so as to be accessible to a non-specialist, non-lighting audience. I do, however, feel this could go further; that we need to be articulating these debates and our concerns in a more digestible format for people who don’t come from a lighting or technical background.

GOOD DATA AND ACCURATE INVENTORY

To my mind, having good data and accurate inventory systems is going to be the key for local authorities to navigate this challenging climate. Unless you know what you’ve got, you cannot do anything with it, or make the argument that you need more money to maintain it. Having said that, GN22 is only as good the data you put into it. We need to advance how we collect and use data, how we use our inventory.

With the near future looking like we will continue to manage our assets from remote locations, do we need to look at virtual structural assessments and drone visual inspections? May sound helpful, but they need to be compatible with our asset databases and intuitive for the end user.

There has been a lot of good work in local authorities reducing their energy consumption and carbon emissions through LED rollouts. While it took most of us time to get the political will to fund these rollouts, that did give the opportunity for the LED to mature with its appearance, performance and colour temperature and we now have a huge choice of luminaires and optics to choose from.

Overall in London street lighting we have reduced our energy by 35% from 2 0 1 0 l e v e l s, t h a t ’s m o r e t h e 113,000,000kWhrs a year. It also allows a stock-take of our inventories to make them as accurate as possible to realise those energy savings. But on the downside, a small few local authorities then believe they don’t need a lighting team anymore to save costs, without understanding all the other things lighting teams know and look after - the column, devices attached to them, the changing technology coming out etc.

It’s not technically a lighting issue but, for me, a critical issue within this is the gradual erosion and loss of experience we’ve seen in lighting in recent years; we have already lost a lot of experience and expertise and my

worry is this will get worse as we all struggle to recover from the impact of Covid. Is there even an argument that, if we’re all losing the knowledge and experience of individual local authorities, maybe we should be moving to some form of integrated, cross-authority over-arching lighting and technology department?

Like myself, I believe a lot of lighting professionals don’t come from a lighting background unless they came up through the contracting side, on the tools; it’s not a profession historically high on a students’ awareness.

We use our skills in other areas to manage the lighting assets, and learn as we go. The next generation of lighting engineers likely won’t come from a lighting background either, but those who have an interest in reducing our impact on the environment could be the leaders in lighting to come.

There could be the need for structural engineers, computer and data engineers, as the technology allows us to understand and use the column and the information we are likely to be collecting, but we can’t afford to lose the knowledge that the lighting profession has built up; those things that aren’t written down.

The way I am seeing things, unfortunately for local authorities, is that they cannot retain the staff they’ve got simply because they don’t have the money to pay them. So they are losing all that experience and often have to go out to a third party, whether that be a contractor, consultant, PFI, or whatever, to do a lot of their work for them.

There’s nothing wrong with that in principle of course. I myself am seconded to Westminster from a consultancy, even though I have never worked for the consultancy directly; always within and for the local authority.

But there is a risk that, with more and more knowledge sitting within consultancies rather than in-house with local authorities, people simply don’t know or understand the issues Mrs Miggins in Acacia Avenue has had with the lighting column outside her house. The risk is we lose that door-to-door knowledge and experience, and that needs to be known by those who look after the assets in years to come. We only have a light or a smart device there because there is a need for the resident, or the visitor.

Equally, alongside that knowledge and expertise loss, it is even more important that we have data, systems and processes in place so we can have the confidence that our lighting stock is going to be maintained properly in future, whatever the experience or back-

ground of the professional managing this is.

We need to embrace new technologies, we need to accept that demand for our columns is going to increase and we need to work with those companies to make them aware that our column condition is suffering. They need to help with investment to future-proof the assets from the company’s attachments, to help reduce our ageing lighting stock as there is likely to be little alternative budget available to maintain our columns to the extent we really require This is all going on while a collision of issues is happening: a climate emergency, increased demand for lighting structures with reducing budgets, a worldwide pandemic, possible cost of materials increasing from leaving the single market. How do we meet all these demands and challenges whilst keeping the lights on? Do we keep the lights on?

CONCLUSIONS

The world is changing, and the lighting column is probably the most technological thing that we now have on the highway. We need to be not just the instigators and keepers of that change and evolution but keeping ahead of that change.

However, to get and stay ahead in this way, we need to know what our stock is, what our inventory is. We need to be responsible for what’s happening on the ground, we need to know what everyone else is doing, which is one of the hardest things, especially for small things. For example what’s happening with scaffolding going up in your area, and are the lighting columns always going behind it? As good as we are, we’re never going to be perfect.

We’ve got GN22, and that is really useful.

But, if we’re not careful, we’re going to lose a lot more income than from just what’s going on with Covid-19. We’re going to have self-driving cars which could lead to a large reduction in private car ownership, so all that parking revenue and parking fines, which makes up a major percentage of many local authority’s budgets, is going to go away; we need to find another way to do it.

And, of course, we need to do all this within a climate emergency way. Things are changing, and the challenges ahead for local authority light professionals are, if anything, likely only to become even tougher in the years ahead. Challenging, but a good challenge.

Dean Wendelborn is project manager – street lighting, City Highways, at Westminster City Council.

He is also chair of LoLEG, the London Lighting Engineers Group

[1] LoTAG State of the City report: a column greater than 30 years old is regarded as being in poor condition, https://www.stateofcity.co.uk/ [2] GN22 Asset-Management Toolkit: Minor Structures (ATOMS) is available from: https://theilp.org.uk/ publication/guidance-note-22-asset-management-toolkit-minor-structures-atoms/

www.theilp.org.uk

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LIGHTING JOURNAL

LIGHTENING LOCKDOWN London Borough of Southwark has installed a ‘Shadowing’ light installation near Tate Modern on London’s South Bank. It’s all part of the council thinking innovatively about how public realm lighting can be used to enhance community wellbeing during the challenging months of the pandemic

By Nic Paton

L

ight artists Matthew Rosier and Jonathan Chomko’s ‘Shadowing ’ public art project was first featured in Lighting Journal back in 2017 (‘Shadow Catchers’, October 2017, vol 82, no 9). It works by recording the shadows of those who walk underneath a lighting column and then playing them back to the next person (of which more in a moment).

Initially conceived as a temporary light art installation, an ILP webinar led by Matthew

and Jonathan last year posited the idea this sort of installation could potentially have a wider and longer term public realm role, and value, in raising and sustaining public morale and wellbeing during the current tough pandemic times we all face.

The webinar, ‘Lighting Public Spaces Post Pandemic’, reported in Lighting Journal in September (‘Shadow economy’, vol 85 no 8), argued that, while (naturally) not a solution to the complex social, psychological and economic challenges we may be facing post

pandemic, a bit of fun, a bit of light relief, within the public realm can nevertheless still go a long way when it comes to enhancing wellbeing and community cohesion.

TATE MODERN INSTALLATION

One ILP member listening in to that webinar was Perry Hazell, business manager, asset management services at London Borough of Southwark, and its message struck a chord. So much so that just before Christmas Southwark installed its own

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LIGHTING JOURNAL

Public realm lighting ‘Shadowing’ interactive art installation on a light column just outside Tate Modern on London’s South Bank.

Perry takes up the story. ‘After seeing the Shadowing concept in the ILP webinar, I made contact with Matt and Jonathan,’ he tells Lighting Journal. ‘We looked at numerous locations. We wanted to focus not just on large urban areas like Tate Modern, but also smaller secluded areas and alleyways, within in some of our estates and quieter footfall areas. We just thought it was such a fantastic way to play around with the normal public realm installations that we have.

‘We were looking initially at 12 different locations pre-Christmas but, due to funding constraints, for the moment we’ve only been able to get one installed.

The idea or hope, however, is that it will drum up some interest and excitement and then, who knows?’ says Perry.

INFRARED CAMERA

The installation works via an infrared (IR) light, projector, computer and camera located on top of the column. This captures the silhouette of people as they pass and then projects this back on to the ground as ‘shadows’.

Critically, if someone then stands beneath the lamp, it plays back the shadow of the previous person. There is also a ‘dream’ mode where, if no one has interacted with the light for a period of time, it cycles back through previous shadows.

‘The location at Tate Modern has had by far the most engagement and, in this location, has been the closest to what we always imagined it would be,’ says Matt Rosier. ‘The intention is still hopefully to have them in different neighbourhoods; but during the current lockdown that thoroughfare has been so important to so many people.’

The installation went through a maintenance process during the autumn whereby all the lamps were updated, new projector lenses were installed and the software overhauled. There is a QR code attached to the column that people can scan if they want to find out more.

‘It sometimes takes a few experiments, but people mostly work it out for themselves,’ adds Matt. ‘Sometimes they think it is someone else or a completely different person. But then they work out how the behaviour works, and that is really rewarding to see.

‘In the past most of our clients have been more in the public art world and festivals, but what we are seeing now – and the ILP webinar really helped with this – is it becoming more like part of a street. It is more of an infrastructure that encourages interaction

and playfulness in the street which, especially at a time like this, is important. In our mind it is where we hoped this would be heading, for it become part of people’s everyday experience,’ says Matt.

ENGAGING THE PUBLIC

The intention is that the installation will stay in situ for around six months, or at least until the evenings become light enough to make it less relevant.

‘This, to me, is such a good way to involve the public. Some of our public realm installations are very much “install and forget” after the initial wow factor, but this has drummed up some great interaction and engagement, especially individual engagement and, from all ages,’ explains Perry.

‘It is in such an iconic location, with Tate Modern as a backdrop. It is a massive thoroughfare for exercise and people walking; people commuting. It was a perfect place to install it and, hopefully, look to develop some further software or products out of the back of it. Because it has had so much engagement. We’ve had a lot of positive feedback; it has been very refreshing in such a challenging time for most.

‘It has massively met our expectations, exceeded them in fact. With the lockdowns it has been more important than ever to get people out on the streets exercising. The key is that it is a whole-family

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installation; there are things people can enjoy whatever their age; it is inquisitive; and it has been really good to see people playing around it.

‘A lot of the time people have walked past or underneath it and then gone, “hang on, what’s going on?”. So there has been that engagement and playfulness there. It is something we definitely want to look at throughout the borough.

‘It was such a simple installation. It is a post-top lantern. With a little preparation in regards to location choice, it has countless opportunities. And it is a great concept for engineers to put in alleyways and public urban realm areas; it has got a lot of purpose in the sense of what the public realm wants, and needs, at the moment,’ adds Perry.

REVISIT THE ILP WEBINAR

The half-hour webinar, ‘Lighting Public Spaces Post-Pandemic’, can still be viewed online at https://theilp.org.uk/project/ ilp-cpd-webinar-lighting-public-spaces-post-pandemic/

MARCH 2021

LIGHTING JOURNAL

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REBUILDING SOCIETY? The Covid-19 pandemic has upended so many longheld assumptions about how we live, work and play that, when thinking about what the future may look like, it is hard to know where to start. But one thing that is clear is lighting, and connected lighting especially, will need to play a key role

By Rob Waters

I

mproving the wellbeing and safety of the general public will become even more important in the future, especially as we move out of the Covid-19 pandemic. The role of lighting, especially the role it can play in helping to regenerate and reinvigorate our towns, cities and public realm spaces, will be a key part of this.

Covid 19, we all know, has brought about unprecedented change. People are walking and cycling more and staying more local. Our high streets and shopping centres are now totally different, and may in fact never be the same again, or may need to be totally rethought or repurposed. There are question-marks over whether people will want, or even need, to commute to physical workplaces in the future, even when it’s safe

MARCH 2021

LIGHTING JOURNAL

Opinion: smart lighting part of amenity or street lighting projects has to start with the design of the system itself and the flexibility it offers.

CONCLUSIONS

p Some of the different tree types being planted at TRT Lighting’s Monmouthshire carbon offsetting reforesting scheme

to do so. And, if not (or even if only partially) what will this mean for our both our transport infrastructure and our city centres?

Lighting has a role to play in all these areas, even if these complex questions are all going to bring with them very different infrastructure challenges. Local authorities and others will be looking for more permanent solutions that can transform and benefit their communities. Again, lighting will be able to help.

We all know the economic recovery from Covid-19 will be hard and won’t happen overnight. The government has recognised that part of this recovery process (along with its ‘levelling up’ ag enda) will mean investing in infrastructure.

This will need to include regenerating our cities and towns to improve health and wellbeing, improve their physical appearance and attractiveness, and to improve safety for cyclists and pedestrians. Once again, lighting can, will and must continue to play a crucial role.

COMMUNITY FOCUS

These changes, and these debates, are in turn prompting manufacturers and suppliers to think beyond the technology that drives lighting systems themselves to consider the wider role that ‘good’ lighting and good lighting design can play in our communities and in helping to create these hybrid and more sustainable futures.

For example, we are having to recognise that, in a world of digital technology, improving the engineering of the core elements of a lighting system is becoming just as important as its innovative features.

Sometimes the smallest of engineering changes has enabled us to meet the most complex challenges. Incorporating

simple yet effective power selectable resistors into our products, for example, has meant we can adopt different power and lighting levels to offer both flexibility and efficiency.

Equally, things like optical distribution, the mounting position, improving the efficiency of the LED unit itself have all meant our products can be more easily maintained, upgraded and replaced in the future.

More comfortable and acceptable angles of intensity are another important conversation increasing in importance. Pushing the light source to a level where the light is visibly more comfortable to create a softer glow with reduced glare has become an important part of our work in recent projects.

Precise lighting control and glare reduction can also of course accentuate the lit environment so that specific areas of interest within a building or monuments aren’t washed out with obtrusive light. This is all about ensuring glare and light spill does not undo the hard work of the lighting designer who was tasked with making that building or monument look beautiful when lit – as well as, of course, making the public realm environment more attractive and enhancing energy efficiency.

Glare reduction in public spaces can also remove the effect known as ‘silhouetting’, whereby an individual can make out the shape of another person but not necessarily their facial expression. Making the users of a space feel safe is a further important consideration to have in this context.

At the same time, it is becoming increasingly important to remember that ‘smart’ infrastructure isn’t just about digital. Feedback from our customers, for example, has highlighted that, more and more, effective lighting as

I’m going to suggest two broad conclusions or thoughts to take away. First, street lighting at its heart is still about focusing on efficiency and energy savings, and here at TRT Lighting we continue to work hard to improve the efficacy of our products to help that.

Local authorities are being required more and more to deliver projects that have a significant contribution towards carbon savings – and lighting has a big part to play in that.

We’re trying to play our own small part too, such as through our carbon offsetting programme, which has seen us plant 150,000 trees since 2009 in Monmouthshire, Wales, which will offset more than 32,000 tonnes of CO2 when the forest reaches maturity.

Local authorities are also now requiring manufacturers to think more about whole-life costs – not just the capital cost but the long-term maintenance and energy costs of the infrastructure.

Second, lighting is – and needs to be – a key part of the debates around how we live, work and connect in the future; whatever our post-pandemic world is going to look and feel like.

I believe the rollout of 5G and the increased connectivity of assets and devices means the future may be less about how a lighting system illuminates (although that will remain important of course) and more about the other ‘stuff’.

How a lighting system can monitor drainage or measure the temperature of the roads or identify when bins need emptying or track and analyse vehicle movements and so on.

This, in turn, will further emphasise and amplify the links and synergies between lighting and data that exist within connected infrastructure.

Arguably, in time, it is this intelligent connectivity – this connection between lighting and data – that may have the most impact in terms of creating the better places for people to live and work that we all want as we look beyond the pandemic.

Rob Waters is technical director at TRT Lighting

www.theilp.org.uk

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MARCH 2021

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LIGHTING JOURNAL

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LIGHTING JOURNAL

HISTORIC JOURNEY Creating a new lighting masterplan for one of the UK’s largest and most important historic houses, Knole House in Kent, was always going to be challenging.

But working to really understand, and tell, the story of each space through lighting has most definitely paid off

By Julie O’Reilly

D

ating back to the fifteenth century, and home to the Sackville family since 1603, Knole House near Sevenoaks in Kent is one of Britain’s most important and complete historic houses, as well as one of the largest, having some 400 rooms.

As well as being the seat of the Sackville family, it has over the years been an archbishop’s palace, a former hunting ground of Henry VIII and a source of literary inspiration for the modernist author Virginia Woolf (the house has one of the original manuscripts of her novel Orlando).

It houses internationally important art collections, including paintings by Reynolds, Gainsborough, Lely and Kneller; and is home to an array of seventeenth-century state furniture, including three state beds and a set of silver furniture that is one of only three major sets to survive in England.

So, when we at Sutton Vane Associates were asked to create a new lighting masterplan, we quickly realised it was going to be a massive undertaking, and challenge. The

project spanned a number of years and many phases and was only finally completed last year, unfortunately just days before the UK went into its first Covid-19 lockdown which has, of course, seen the National Trust property being closed to the public for long periods since.

The first thing you appreciate when you visit Knole House is just how vast it is – it has, after all, more rooms than there are days of the year! It was also absolutely freezing most of the time, so you were always wearing many coats inside as well as outside. We were tasked with relighting the whole house, everything from the grand entrance right up to the attics where, incidentally, there are witches’ marks, which we lit to reveal the scratches.

TELLING THE STORY OF A SPACE

When it came to our plan for the lighting, one of the watchwords of Sutton Vane Associates is the importance of using lighting to tell the story of a space, and Knole House has been no exception. It has been about

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LIGHTING JOURNAL

Heritage lighting

The new lighting scheme at Knole House by Sutton Vane Associates. Clockwise, from top left: The Spangled Bedroom, The Brown Gallery, The China Cabinet, and The Ballroom’s new luminaires. All photographs, unless captioned otherwise, by James Newton

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Heritage lighting

revealing the texture and the colour of fabrics; guiding visitors through so they appreciate the space. Obviously, within that you still have to light things so that people can see, but it is also about working to set the scene, and tell the narrative, of a space with the lights.

For example, if a space needs to be lit by candlelight it has got to look right, and not too cheesy. I have spent a great deal of time looking at different candles, getting those things right, or as right as we possibly could, mattered.

There is the seen light, but then also behind that, there is a whole unseen element. We created bespoke picture lights and replicated various Argand lamps. We also created copies of the original Knole pendant from drawings and enabled them to carry museum-quality spotlights so as to illuminate the house’s Cartoon Gallery. The gallery contains a nationally important set of six large seventeenth-century copies of Raphael’s Cartoons (hence the name). The www.theilp.org.uk

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LIGHTING JOURNAL

originals were painted in the sixteenth century as full-scale designs for tapestries made to cover the lower walls of the Vatican’s Sistine Chapel.

The key throughout was getting the attention to detail right and understanding exactly how things should be. For example, we also had Argand lamps in stairways to light spaces and then picture lights in the The Leicester Gallery and The Billiard Room (both, again, home to important artworks and everything, of course, listed up to the eyeballs). Yet both rooms also had a lot of very, very dark wooden panelling. We therefore needed to light the paintings, some of them very fine paintings, but also try to bring some light out into the space without any of it looking in any way modern. Knole is famous for its gloom, so shadow as much as light was needed.

BESPOKE PICTURE LIGHTS

We ended up creating our own picture lights with a track within the hood where you can put as many spots as you want on it.

These spots have different lenses so we can shape the light, deliver it down the painting so as to get the illumination that you actually want. But you can equally, for example, illuminate the items on the black leather of a console table that might otherwise be lost in the gloom; you can just trick a little bit of light because you can swivel the lights within the head.

We did almost a fashion parade. We got all the light fittings from most of the major manufacturers, looked at them all, assessed them to see what was there. But none of them did what we really wanted them to do.

We then had to make a decision, ‘who do we go for to develop what we want?’. And the

Opposite page: The Billiard Room (top), and The Brown Gallery. This page: The Ballroom (top), The Venetian Bedroom and (left) one of the witches' marks now illuminated (image by Sutton Vane Associates)

reason we chose the company we chose – UFO Lighting – was a couple of things. Where it was situated was quite close to another project we were working on, Auckland Castle, and we used these lights there too. Also, UFO not only manufactures the products but also can install, which is a real bonus.

You’ve got the light illuminating the paintings, and then you’ve got some light angled out to pick up on other things. If you didn’t know, you’d just think your eye had suddenly caught sight of a rather beautiful piece, but in fact it’s the light that has done it; what you’ve done is picked out subtly the hidden light.

Naturally, because of the language of the space and with such fine pieces, if you were to put modern fittings in they would just scream at you. So we made them out of brass, even though people have by and large stopped making brass fittings, preferring other metals with coloured coatings. But in the context of Knole House, they worked really well. Technically, too, they meet all our modern expectations and, for example, have a high CRI of around 97. These picture lights are designed so that, if required at some point in the future, the lights can be updated with new technology, hence they are sustainable and are very much at home www.theilp.org.uk

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Heritage lighting

Left: The King’s Bedroom. Right: The Spangled Bedroom

in the stable of luminaires at Knole.

For the Cartoon Gallery and the Knole Pendants we used Dernier & Hamlyn plus employed various spotlights from: Mike Stoane Lighting, UFO and Basis Lighting.

Linear light came from Atmospheric Zone. For some restoration we used Wilkinsons. Finally, to create Argand lamps, candlesticks and wall lights we used Great British Lighting. Where we could, we repurposed original fittings.

For example, we found some old light fittings in the attics, which we were able to bring down and reappointed. In The Reynold’s Gallery, there were cup fittings into which we were able to fit new spots.

When we first go to meet a potential client, it is almost like a diagnostic; what is it you want; what is it you are trying to say?

And then we take it from there. It is just trying to bring life back into the space, and Knole House was no exception.

Some of its rooms have the most wonderful names. One, for example, is called The Spangled Bedroom and it had old lanterns. You obviously can’t have a real fire

in there and when you try to recreate a fire it ends up so cheesy. So we repurposed the lanterns, which would once have had burning oil in them. Now, while you don’t see inside, they emit a lovely flickering light that brings the space to life. It sounds cheesy, but it works.

REALLY UNDERSTANDING YOUR CLIENT

Finally, for me, undertaking a job of this size, complexity and importance comes back to the relationship with your client and understanding – really understanding – how the space must work for them.

How will it have to operate, who is going to be managing it on a day-to-day basis, how much do they want to get from that space? In many of these projects, the rooms do not just need to perform as an experience for the visitor, they have to work for others, too. I think it is always just about understanding what they want and then going away and thinking long and hard about it.

Finally, and this is to an extent self-evident I appreciate, it is important to

understand the architecture. With Knole House, as it goes back to the fifteenth century and so originally would have been lit by fires, torches and candles. But also don’t forget that, moving on from then, it would have been lit by gas in the early twenty-first century and then electricity.

So you’re not necessarily fixed to a set period when you’re working on projects like this from the perspective of the twenty-first century. You have to make a judgement as to how each space is going to be best represented. It is about understanding what you’ve got, what you want to pick out and what treasures you want people to notice. Yet at the same time you don’t want to over-light the space; it is not a showroom. It is about understanding how to reveal the space as best you can.

LESS WIRES, MORE WIRELESS www.theilp.org.uk

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LIGHTING SOLUTIONS FOR HERITAGE BUILDINGS

Julie O’Reilly is creative director at Sutton Vane Associates

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LIGHTING JOURNAL

Warranty until 2033 There’s lots of things we can’t wait to say goodbye to this year.

Goodbye to Zoom calls and telling our colleagues that they’re still on mute.

Goodbye to the words ‘social distancing’ and ‘the new normal’.

So why not make this year the year you say goodbye to unreliable lighting once and for all.

And instead, say hello to Acrospire.

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Units 4 & 5, Bear Court, Roentgen Road, Basingstoke, RG24 8QT www.theilp.org.uk

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CIVIC MEMORY The RAF Bomber Command Memorial in Hyde Park remembers the more than 55,000 aircrew who died flying raids over Germany and elsewhere during World War Two. Lighting has played a key part in creating what is a moving, civic memorial space

By Nic Paton

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LIGHTING JOURNAL

Heritage lighting

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t says something to the controversy that still surrounds Arthur ‘Bomber’ Harris’ carpet-bombing of Germany during World War Two that it was only in 2012, a full 67 years after the war had ended, that the Queen finally opened the Royal Air Force Bomber Command Memorial in Green Park, London.

Whatever the arguments about the morality of Harris’ ‘total war’ approach to the air campaign against Nazi Germany, there can nevertheless be little doubt about the bravery of the 55,573 Bomber Command aircrew (average age 22) who gave their lives flying raids night after night, with a 44% fatality rate among crews.

To that end, the structure located just up from Hyde Park Corner and beside Piccadilly is a fitting (if belated) memorial to their courage at least. The memorial comprises bronze sculptures of a Bomber Command aircrew and, appropriately, is open to the sky. The roof incorporates sections of aluminium recovered from a Handley Page Halifax III bomber shot down over Belgium in 1944.

It also a memorial that very much has lighting at its heart, as architect Liam O’Connor explains. ‘It is quite a complex infrastructure; it was not just about putting a bulb into a piece of metal and concreting it into the street,’ he tells Lighting Journal of the project, which began in 2009, with the lighting supplied by William Sugg & Co Lighting.

URBAN AND PARK DESIGN

‘It is not just a memorial, it is an urban design project and a park project; it is many things. Lighting was integral from day one, partly because the lighting that was already there on Hyde Park Corner was a hideous 1970s’ mess,’ says Liam.

‘We were very determined to remove all of that outdated 1970s “whiplash” motorway lighting, which has no place really in a royal park in front of a memorial and in front of one of London’s busiest streets, Piccadilly. So lighting was always there for us as an integral part of whatever we came up with as a design,’ he adds

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Heritage lighting Bespoke big-faceted glass lamps with double optics sit on top of the massive columns that mark each corner of the memorial while, inside, spotlights illuminate the aircrew statues. William Sugg Constitution Hill columns with Windsor lanterns illuminate the surrounding area.

‘For the columns themselves, the influence was taken from the Aston Webb columns down by Horse Guards Parade, as was the style of the lanterns we proposed.

The columns were therefore cast in traditional iron and the lanterns from cast iron and copper, as per Horse Guards Parade,’ says Mark Jones, managing director of William Sugg.

‘We drew up those ourselves to get the heights that we needed so we could perform the lighting function that we needed on Piccadilly. They have two optics inside that are angled to give the right distribution on the road and allow remote linking to Westminster City Council’s CMS; so it has control of the lighting on that road junction,’ he adds.

A SPACE, NOT JUST A MEMORIAL

‘From an architectural perspective, it was a very interesting project to design,’ continues Liam O’Connor. ‘One of our key concepts was that it was a space, not an object. We wanted to follow in the path of the great American early 20th century memorials in Washington DC. You can, for example, wander in and out of the Lincoln Memorial in the middle of the night, as I have done many times, or in and out of the Jefferson Memorial. That, for me, created a sense of what a monument with civic resonance ought to have.

‘When you can have people walking in and out of the memorial 24-hours a day, it has got to be safe at night; it has got to be a completely inclusive and immersive memorial experience at any time of the night as well as at any time of the day,’ he adds.

‘We want visitors to have a sense that they are a part of London in its deepest, oldest, loveliest, most charming sense. The William Sugg team obviously has a lot of familiarity with the lights outside Buckingham Palace and all these things that visitors outside of London feel comfortable looking at and using.

‘We wanted to expand that territory of design into this part of London that had been very forlorn and quite forgotten, quite abused, over the decades. By adopting almost a conservation approach to lighting, we wanted it to feel to visitors as if it had always been there, that it is not just some sort highly questionable aesthetic imposed on a city that has already a very established identity.

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‘It doesn’t get in your way; it doesn’t jar with your reflective mood that we want people to be in when they are in the memorial. The lighting has a layout and a design and a scale and a size that suits the whole location, not just the memorial,’ says Liam.

FOCUS ON ECOLOGY AND BATS

Maintaining and protecting the ecology of even such a busy urban area was also important. ‘Hyde Park is important for bats and insects and so forth. So we wanted to make sure the project met the highest level of demands for an ecological brief; that it wasn’t just civic architecture,’ says Liam.

‘There is a wildflower meadow and bat roosts on the roof. We even created some paths to enable bats to cross between Hyde Park Corner and Green Park for the first time, and the memorial, the lighting and the way that is configured and the special glass and the special filaments is highly ecological sensitive, as it had to meet some very stringent requirements of the Royal

Parks and the City of Westminster’s ecology team. It was, again, integral to the lighting brief from the start,’ he adds.

‘From our point of view, the biggest challenge was the scale of the columns; they were very large columns – about 9m tall as well as quite wide – and so finding somebody able to cast those was quite tricky, as a lot of that sort of expertise has disappeared,’ says Mark Jones.

‘We produced 3D CAD drawings for Liam to approve of course, but it was the scale of the thing that was tricky. With the fittings too, because of the mounting height, they had to look in proportion, look the part as well as perform their function.

‘But, apart from a great sense of pride – because simply it is now there – what pleases me the most is simply that it looks the part; it is a fantastic piece of architecture. When I go and visit, still, it gives me goose bumps; the detail on the sculptures in the middle is absolutely amazing,’ he adds.

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World leaders in heritage lighting William Sugg & Co Ltd help you realise your ideas. We build beautiful, quality, hand crafted, light fittings no matter how intricate the specification. We use the latest engineering technologies to replicate entire or whole elements of historical light fittings.

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DYNAMIC

CONNECTIONS Despite the Covid-19 pandemic doing its best to upset things, a new dynamic lighting scheme for the Øresund Bridge, which connects Denmark and Sweden, was successfully completed in time for its 20th anniversary last year

By Henrik Rohde Nielsen and Frederik Waneck Borello

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LIGHTING JOURNAL

Bridge lighting

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hen the Øresund Bridge’s 20th anniversary was to be celebrated on 01 July last year a new lighting system was also inaugurated.

The new lighting system was designed and delivered by Light Bureau.

Prior to the inauguration, seven months of intensive work paved the way for a successful celebration, including the development of several special solutions.

On the anniversary evening, the bridge was illuminated with a specially designed dynamic colour scenario, inspired by the bridge’s natural surroundings.

THE ØRESUND BRIDGE

The Øresund Bridge is part of the Øresund connection, which is the primary traffic connection between Denmark and Sweden.

The connection consists of a 4km-long tunnel and a 7.85km-long cable-stayed bridge, which is one of the longest in the world, with a combined road and railway.

The bridge is, among other things, known from the Danish TV crime series The Bridge.

In real life, it is visible from the coasts around Copenhagen and Malmö as well as from the air, where it can be seen during the approach to Copenhagen Airport.

The bridge was inaugurated in 2000, and the unique structure has since been staged with architectural lighting on the four pylons.

WORKING TO A TIGHT DEADLINE

Based on the bridge’s forthcoming anniversary on 01 July, 2020, the Øresund Bridge Consortium decided in the autumn of 2019 that the old lighting system should be replaced with a new and more modern lighting system.

This new lighting system was to be durable and energy efficient. In addition, the brief outlined that it should add an extraordinary architectural layer of light to the bridge, one which could promote the bridge’s identity as a cultural bridgebuilder between Denmark and Sweden for many years.

Just seven months before the anniversary, we at Light Bureau were commissioned to design and establish this new complete lighting system.

The schedule was optimistic from the start, and with the outbreak of Covid-19 and subsequent closure of society in the middle of the process, a strong project management and a good and broad cooperation between all parties was needed to reach the goal on time.

THE CRUCIAL CHOICE OF LUMINAIRES

The original lighting system was primarily located on the bridge’s outriggers, more specifically the parts of the bridge’s steel

structure that protrudes approximately 3m into the air from the traffic barrier and hold the bridge’s cables.

After careful consideration we found that the new luminaires should also be established on the outriggers. However, at this location, they are very exposed and difficult to get to.

In order to keep to the schedule, we assessed that it was important to procure the luminaires quickly. We therefore began to prepare a thorough requirements’ specification for the new luminaires, after which an in-depth market study was initiated.

Based on the manufacturers’ specifications, samples were ordered for the most promising luminaires, which were subsequently reviewed down to the smallest detail. Several of the luminaires were deselected as it was assessed they would not be able to withstand the harsh wind and weather conditions on the bridge.

After a lengthy selection process, we were able to select the most suitable luminaires for the task.

The selected luminaires are very robust and they are equipped with RGBW (red, green, blue and white) LEDs. The luminaires are controlled with DMX, which makes it possible to work with a large range of colours and dynamic lighting on the pylons. Two types of luminaries were used. First, at shorter distances between the pylon and the luminaires, luminaires where the light is mixed before the optics are used. This results in an even mix of colours at a short distance.

Second, at longer distances, luminaires where the light is mixed after the optics are used. This makes it possible to use more narrow-beam optics, which results in the light reaching higher up on the pylons as well as reducing the amount of light pollution going into the sky.

CHALLENGING CABLES AND SHADOWS

After finding the most suitable luminaires, the design of the final luminaire configuration could start.

It quickly became clear that the bridge’s supporting cables gave rise to great challenges. The cables are attached along the pylons and they therefore have a shielding effect on the light, which resulted in unwanted shadows on the façade. This made it almost impossible to distribute the light evenly on both sides of the cables.

In addition, it was very difficult to get out and work on the outriggers of the bridge, where the fittings had to be placed. It was therefore not possible to perform a test lighting, which is usually customary for this type of task, as a test lighting can indicate whether you are on the right track.

After many hours of planning, however,

we managed to find the right configuration of the luminaires, where the shadows are laid very precisely as stringent vertical lines up along the middle of the pylons. The shadows are thus deliberately used in the lighting design and are in accordance with the clean and simple architectural expression of the bridge.

PROCESS OPTIMISATION

The new lighting system illuminates each of the eight pylon façades with 24 luminaires, which are evenly distributed on two custom-made stainless-steel frames.

Thus, a total of 192 luminaires have been established on the bridge, spread over 16 frames, of which eight of the frames have been reused from the previous lighting system and rebuilt to fit the new system.

In order to keep to the tight schedule, the frames were designed so they could be handled with all luminaires and installations fitted.

This made it possible to mount all the luminaires on the frames in a warehouse and test the installation on the complete frames under optimal working conditions. The frames were subsequently transported out on the bridge and mounted using a crane.

This method saved many hours of assembly work on the bridge construction, which was difficult to access. In the future, it will also mean savings in connection with renovation tasks, as it will be easy to dismantle and store the frames, including fixtures and installations, and quickly re-establish them when the renovation work is complete.

FINE-TUNING OF THE SYSTEM

To achieve an even illumination with the same expression on all eight façades, all the luminaires were set individually.

The setting took place over several summer nights in May and June. With the help of skylifts from the underside of the bridge and climbers from the roadway, all 192 luminaires were carefully adjusted.

COMPLEX CONDITIONS REQUIRE FLEXIBLE SOLUTIONS

In addition to the luminaires, new electrical installations have been designed for the project, with no fewer than 59 new switchboards and distribution cabinets.

By establishing an interface for the lighting control system, the lighting can be operated remotely from the bridge’s traffic control centre via the SCADA system, which is used to control the connection’s other installations.

The lighting control system can also be controlled, programmed and maintained remotely. This is a huge advantage, as when programming the lighting you need to observe the bridge from a distance.

We programmed the lighting from the www.theilp.org.uk

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Bridge lighting

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island of Peberholm, which is the closest land point on the connection. It is located between the bridge and the tunnel at approximately 3.5km from the pylons. The large distance made it necessary to use binoculars to be able to see all the details during programming.

ENERGY SAVINGS AND MINIMAL LIGHT POLLUTION

With the new lighting system, the Øresund Bridge Consortium expects to decrease the energy consumption by more than 80%, thanks to the use of modern LED technology and a control system where it is possible to adjust the lighting level in both the evening and during night hours.

Essentially, when darkness falls, the lights turn on. For everyday use, the bridge is illuminated with white light, from the white LEDs of the luminaires.

In the evening, the white light is dimmed to 75%. At night, the lighting is dimmed down to 25% to further minimise energy consumption. The lighting system has an www.theilp.org.uk

energy consumption of approximately 15 kW, corresponding to approximately 1 W/ m² illuminated façade.

To minimise glare and light pollution from the luminaires, we developed specially designed shielding that is used on all luminaires.

The shielding is made with extendable slats, which are designed to facilitate the cleaning of the luminaire glass and thus reduce time spent on maintenance of the system on site. With this feature, the glass can be cleaned sufficiently, so preventing unnecessary loss of light.

Another advantage is that the use of narrow-beam optics combined with the specially designed shielding has significantly minimised the light pollution from the new lighting system. The effect of the shielding is clearly visible on the inside of the pylons, which appear dark and without light.

AN ANNIVERSARY INSPIRED BY NATURE

The lighting on the bridge’s 203.5m-high pylons is designed so it can be divided into 17

Main image from previous page: one of the scenes from the 20th anniversary celebrations, by Allan Toft. This page, clockwise from top: 1) There was an extensive selection process to identify the best luminaires for the job. 2) Testing the luminaires on complete frames in the warehouse. 3) Programming from the island of Peberholm.

4) The frames in place

individual segments from the bottom to the top of the pylons.

This design makes it possible to work with detailed colour scenarios with graduations across several colours.

For the 20th anniversary celebrations, a dynamic light scenario was designed, which was inspired by the colours of the sky in the blue and golden hour.

The inspiration for the scenario came after many nights of work on the bridge, where the team was repeatedly overwhelmed by the amazing colour compositions that could be seen in the sky in the time around dusk and dawn.

The anniversary scenario started with

MARCH 2021

LIGHTING JOURNAL

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Bridge lighting

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nuances of dark blue, after which a warm orange glow was slowly introduced from the water surface up along the pylons, which eventually was faded into white light.

In addition, the connection between the two Scandinavian countries was marked by illuminating the pylons as flags in the Danish and Swedish colours.

ON TARGET, ON TIME

The complete lighting system was designed and established in just seven months. The tight deadline and the closure because of Covid-19 made risk management an important factor in the realisation of the project.

The delivery of frames, shielding and other equipment was continuously co-ordinated and, with the help of several partial deliveries, it was possible to maintain the project flow and stay on schedule.

An extremely well-functioning collaboration between the client, the contractor, suppliers, engineers and lighting designers, with a focus on constructive problem-solving, was necessary to ensure the project’s realisation.

When the lighting was turned on at 11.15 on the anniversary evening, it was a great relief for the whole team. The task had been solved on time and everything worked as intended.

FINALLY – A WEALTH OF POSSIBILITIES

The Øresund connection exists to build a bridge between Denmark and Sweden. With the new lighting system, the Øresund Bridge Consortium can now stage the Øresund Bridge as it wishes.

They can mark important national and joint anniversaries, cultural events etc. and give users an extra experience along the way.

Thus, the new lighting helps to market the connection between Denmark and Sweden – and perhaps even strengthen the cohesion in the Øresund region.

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Clockwise from top. 1) Adjusting the lights. 2) Frederik (left) and Henrik at the bridge. 3) Programming flags.

4) A further scene from the 20th anniversary celebrations (by Allan Toft)

PROJECT CREDITS

Client: Øresundsbro Konsortiet Lighting designer/ total supplier: Light Bureau part of AFRY Contractor: Veolia Blacksmith (frames): MOHO WORKS Blacksmith (shieldings and cabinets): Sindal Stålindustri Luminaire supplier: LiteNordic/Martin by Harman Photographer: Allan Toft & Light Bureau Luminaire types: 64 PCS Exterior Wash 300 + 128 PCS Exterior Wash 310 Total façade area: Approximately 15,000m² • For those interested, there is a video on YouTube of our latest New Year’s Eve scenario, which can be seen here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6IMvo8tbB8

Henrik Rohde Nielsen is senior electrical engineer and Frederik Waneck Borello is senior lighting engineer and designer at Light Bureau.

BRITISH LIGHTING DESIGN & MANUFACTURER BESPOKE, CONTEMPORARY & HERITAGE ARCHITECTURAL AND STREET LIGHTING Incorporating the latest LED Technology • Lanterns • Columns • Brackets LED Retrofit Specialists Request a lighting design consultation

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GREEN

GOVERNANCE

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LIGHTING JOURNAL

WEEE regulations

The government has said it plans later this year to consult on reforms to the UK’s WEEE waste and recycling regulations. What can lighting professionals expect?

A report by the Parliamentary Environmental Audit Committee has given us a few potential pointers

T

he WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) regulations were established in 2007, and substantially updated in 2013. In the government’s Resources and Waste Strategy published in 2018, it committed to a further review by 2023 [1].

The Parliamentary Environmental Audit Committee’s (EAC) investigation into the WEEE system, which took evidence during 2020 and which published a report in November, gives us some important clues as to the changes that could be in the pipeline and what lighting professionals may, therefore, expect [2].

NON-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS

By Nigel Harvey

It has been well established, both by Recolight and others, that a huge proportion of product sold through online marketplaces is not compliant with the WEEE regulations. For example, a search for ‘LED lightbulbs’ on a leading online marketplace

shows that 78% of the first 120 records were not WEEE-compliant.

That is not fair to legitimate operators, who therefore face unfair competition with lower costs and prices. This situation has been exacerbated by the further expansion of online sales during the pandemic. So it was pleasing to see the strong steer in the EAC report that this non-compliance should be comprehensively tackled. EAC made two specific recommendations: • Online marketplaces should be made responsible for ensuring that all electrical and electronic equipment sold on their platforms is fully safe and compliant with the law, and they should be required to pay exactly the same producer responsibility fees and follow the same rules selling online as they do offline.

• By the end of 2021, online retailers and marketplaces should have an obligation to collect electronic waste from customers’ sites, on delivery of the new product.

www.theilp.org.uk

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WEEE regulations REPAIRABILITY

Making electrical products repairable and upgradeable is well established as a way of applying circular economy principles. By keeping a product in use longer and by making it easier to only replace a failed component, means that the product can last longer.

In the case of lighting products, this could mean designing products with end-user replaceable LED modules. So it is not surprising the EAC report included several recommendations on the repairability and longevity of new products. These included that: • The government should require producers to label their products with each item’s expected lifetime, including how long a device will receive software security updates. The label should include a repairability score based on the product’s design, the availability and cost of spare parts and access and ease of use of repair manuals.

• Producers should ensure their products are recyclable and dismantlable by waste treatment operators, and the government should apply incentives for this, perhaps via adjustments to the WEEE fees.

WEEE TARGETS

Under the current WEEE system, the government sets annual targets for household WEEE. That includes targets for waste lamp collections, but not for business equipment such as commercial luminaires (although schemes like Recolight do operate a commercial luminaire recycling service).

The EAC called on the government to set longer term targets, and to ensure they were ambitious. It therefore seems likely there will be further pressure to increase collections over the coming years. However, it is possible those targets will include an incentive to prioritise reuse over recycling, given that it almost always produces a materially better environmental outcome.

The options for setting targets that would include commercial luminaires and other business equipment are discussed in the business-to-business obligations section below.

OTHER POSSIBLE CHANGES

In addition to the recommendations contained within the EAC report, there are several other changes that the government may consider. These include: 1. Encouraging circular business models. The government has indicated that it will use legislation to support and

encourage the widespread adoption of circular economy principles. It is not yet clear how this might impact the WEEE system, but there could be several options, including: • Those businesses which take back and repair/refurbish old equipment – either their own brand, or other brands – could be rewarded. That reward might be by allowing them to use the equipment that has been reused to ‘offset’ their WEEE obligations. In essence, reusing equipment could reduce their WEEE costs.

• There could even be an opt-out of the need for formal compliance with the WEEE regulations, where circularity is at a high level.

2. Business-to-business obligations.

Lighting producers that are members of WEEE schemes such as that operated by Recolight, provide their customers with a free-of-charge waste lamp and luminaire collection and recycling service.

But many other lighting producers use an opt-out, which allows them to pass all their WEEE liabilities on to their business end users. This opt-out is widely regarded as contributing to confusion in the WEEE system, and to a reduction in recorded recycling rates.

More generally, the recorded recycling rates for business WEEE are much lower than those for household WEEE. In some sectors, there may be good reasons for this. For example, there is considerable unreported reuse of computer display screens in the IT sector. But in other sectors there can be little doubt that business WEEE is not correctly recycled. This creates environmental risks, as hazardous chemicals will not be correctly separated and processed.

There are several options that the government might consider taking to address these problems. These include: • It could simply remove the opt-out that allows producers to avoid their obligations to finance the recycling of business WEEE. • It could choose to set up a system of separate targets for business WEEE, similar to the system that currently operates for household WEEE. • It might set up a system that requires the producers of business equipment jointly to finance all the business WEEE recycling that actually takes place in a given year. This would avoid

the need for setting targets, which might be problematic, particularly in the early years of a new system.

Whatever approach is taken, it seems likely that the days of the opt-out are numbered, and that we will see legal changes to increase the recycling rates of business equipment, including commercial luminaires.

3. Modulated fees. The government may seek to introduce a system that would result in lower WEEE fees for those producers of equipment with better environmental characteristics.

This, in turn, would mean producers of equipment that does not meet those characteristics could face higher WEEE costs. A similar system is likely to be implemented in the EU, and so it is to be hoped that any UK system would mirror the environmental criteria used in Europe – even if the method of applying discounts or rebates, and their level, were to vary.

The government could chose to implement these on a sector-by-sector basis. If implemented within the lighting industry, a possible criterion could be the replaceability of the LED light source, with producers of luminaires without replaceable sources facing higher WEEE costs.

An alternative approach could be the implementation of a few key horizontal criteria across all sectors. An example might be the proportion of plastic from recycled sources used in the manufacture of new equipment. Producers that can demonstrate they use plastic above a given percentage could see a reduction in WEEE fees.

CONCLUSION

The WEEE regulations, we know, are set to be changed. Those changes will have two key priorities. Firstly, there will be a focus on correcting some glaring shortcomings of the current system, such as the widespread non-compliance of product sold through online marketplaces, and closing the opt-out used by some for business WEEE. Then, secondly (and positively), the WEEE regulations could increasingly be used as a tool to encourage and reward better environmental business models and products, such as the prioritisation of the reuse of used equipment.

Nigel Harvey is chief executive of Recolight

[1] Is it this one? https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/765914/resources-waste-strategy-dec-2018.pdf [2] ‘Electronic Waste and the Circular Economy’, All-Party Parliamentary Environmental Audit Committee, November 2020. Available online at: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5801/cmselect/cmenvaud/220/22002.htm

www.theilp.org.uk

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A Trading Division Of

We offer a wide range of services including structural analysis and non-destructive testing on lighting columns and structures.

Our services combine Fabrikat’s extensive knowledge within the engineering industry with the latest technology to provide you with superb services, tailored to your needs.

Collectively our team have over 100 years’ experience in the NDT and Streetlighting industries.

3D printing for rapid prototyping and on site 3D scanning are among some of our most recent advancements we can offer.

Neoterik® is a trading division of Fabrikat (Nottingham) Limited.

Our core business is the provision of engineering services that include on-site testing of streetlighting infrastructure, asset data collection and surveying.

We employ a number of highly skilled engineers within our engineering services division who are members of the British institute of Non-Destructive testing, and hold a PCN Level 2 in accordance with EN ISO:9712.

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Give us a call : 01623 857169

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Visit our site : www.neoterik.co.uk

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Legal issues

BALANCING RISK IN A

POST-COVID WORLD Even with this winter’s further lockdowns, the rollout of vaccines this year means that (hopefully) we are now entering the end game of the pandemic. This means it is vital lighting firms take stock, consider how they’ve been affected by the past year, and assess what the post-Covid contractual world may be going to look like.

Turn to page 52 to find out more

By Howard Crossman

www.theilp.org.uk

New

MARCH 2021

LIGHTING JOURNAL

51

OPTIOMICRO

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The latest in our range of Residential & Amenity Lighting LED lanterns; providing a long-term installation with tool free access and easy gear and light engine replacement combined with ultimate upgradability.

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10/02/2021 17:27

The Institution of Lighting Professionals launches latest online course – Understanding Obtrusive Light: Application of Guidance Note 01 (GN01).

Artificial light provides many benefits but if not properly considered, designed and installed can result in a range of issues including but not limited to obtrusive light, sky glow, adverse effects on fauna and flora and potentially be a legal nuisance.

The Institution of Lighting Professionals launches latest online course –

UNDERSTANDING OBTRUSIVE LIGHT Application of Guidance Note 01(GN01)

The ILP guidance Note 01 (GN01) is seen as the ‘go-to’ advice for the control of unwanted, obtrusive, artificial lighting in the UK and in many other parts of the world. GN01 is based on the International Standards produced by CIE, being a practical application of these documents.

This course is aimed at everyone who has an interest in the effects of artificial light by day and night and discusses the controls in place that can provide a successful lighting installation mitigating the concerns.

Our online training platform is open to everyone but if you are an ILP member, you can access our courses at a discounted rate.

You can access the course here:www.theilp.org.uk https://courses.theilp.org.uk/gn01-course/

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Legal issues

R

ecent reports have highlighted the severe economic impact of the pandemic on the construction and housing sectors, with many supply chains grinding to a halt, labour and material shortages and disruption.

However, even with this winter’s further lockdowns, as we look forward into 2021 with the rollout of effective vaccines, there is a glimmer of light at the end of a very dark tunnel. It is therefore now a good time for businesses to take stock on their existing work and to look forward to preparing for their future and potential future contracts in a postCovid-19 world.

MITIGATING RISK FOR CURRENT, ONGOING PROJECTS

As discussed in our previous article Contract Tracing (Lighting Journal July/ August 2020 vol 85 no 7) the Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the performance of many existing contracts in all industries, including those working within lighting. To help navigate the effects of the pandemic on ongoing projects, you should therefore consider: •

•

•

Thoroughly documenting your project’s progress – as well as any delays and disruptions attributed to the pandemic’s impact, so as to establish a clear record. For example, if you have struggled to obtain materials from your usual supplier and had to purchase from elsewhere, keep the email chains and receipts to show this.

Understand specific details in your own contracts rather than assuming you are protected. Each contract will vary in terms of what you are entitled to recover, for example the possibility to apply for an extension of time may vary in terms of the period.

Update your risk assessments and keep accurate records of the changes. Your contracts do not exist in a vacuum and all businesses must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and guidance implemented by the government.

The Construction Leadership Council recently published the sixth edition of its Site Operating Procedures with varying requirements for those in the construction sector [1].

Having records of the changing requirements and the changes you have implemented as a result will show

further impact to your business during the pandemic. Businesses are under a duty to keep their employees safe and also to help reduce the spread of Covid19; this is likely to have a direct impact on contract performance.

NEGOTIATING FUTURE CONTRACTS AND RISK ALLOCATION

•

How will the way businesses use office space change in terms of agile-working cultures? How do you balance safety and an effective use of the space?

Will project design requirements specifically refer to ‘social distancing ’, perhaps through measures such as revised air-ventilation systems, the relocation of access and exit points and widened corridor space? Lighting design will also be pertinent to these considerations.

Will future issues involve allegations that an office space design defectively failed to properly social distance?

How will those matters work for designs produced pre and post the Covid-19 outbreak? This is likely to be a developing area in 2021.

In light of the current climate, committing to a project, negotiating contracts and allocating risk will undoubtedly be at the forefront of contracting parties’ minds.

Both parties will be seeking to balance their own risk and to have adequate protection. Understanding risk, and pricing for it accordingly, is therefore key.

Each project will vary, but having those difficult conversations at the contract negotiation stage, and tackling issues relating to risk allocation, is likely to be far better than having those conversations when something has gone wrong. Key questions relating to risk and Covid-19 may include:

•

•

UNDERSTANDING DESIGN LIABILITY

• • • • •

Should we include express wording dealing with Covid-19 and/or any future pandemic/epidemic as a ‘force majeure’ event (which is highly recommended)? See, again, the Contract Tracing article in July last year, which discussed waiver, force majeure and frustration in detail.

How will the reality of time and cost provisions be affected?

Will there be further lockdowns affecting the construction sector directly or indirectly?

Will it be possible to manage the site and/or to procure materials?

What should you allow for in the contract programme?

How likely is a UK recession?

These are likely to be contentious issues, with each party seeking to protect its position as far as possible. It is more important than ever that you have your contracts reviewed by your legal team before entering into them.

MITIGATING ‘NEW’ DESIGN-RELATED RISKS

The coronavirus pandemic has also brought concerns about the way we use and design public spaces to the forefront.

This brings the prospect of new opportunities for designers and consultants, but also new risks.

A key focus will be to design future (and to retrofit existing) buildings to mitigate

[1] ‘Site operating procedures’, version 7, Construction Leadership Council, January 2021, https://www.constructionleadershipcouncil.co.uk/wp-content/ uploads/2021/01/Site-Operating-Procedures-Version-7.pdf

www.theilp.org.uk

the spread of contagions like Covid-19 as far as possible. Key questions here are likely to include:

•

•

Understanding and agreeing the standard of design liability therefore remains critical. Examples of different, competing standards include obligations to use reasonable skill and care or to achieve fitness for purpose.

Particular attention should be paid to accepting obligations to meet subjective requirements, such as the term ‘satisfactory’, as this can often lead to disputes based on varying interpretations.

You should also carefully consider the appropriate insurance cover; will they cover events relating to the pandemic?

CONCLUSION

The economic uncertainty, new and frequently changing parameters across the industry will require all parties, including lighting design professionals, consultants and contractors to adopt a targeted approach to their preparedness for the upcoming year.

To mitigate the risk of further liability, it is now more important than ever to ensure you and your contracts/legal team carefully review your contracts before you enter into them and to periodically monitor and document progress with ongoing projects.

Howard Crossman (hcrossman@greenwoodsgrm. co.uk) is head of construction at Greenwoods GRM. With offices in London, Cambridge and Peterborough, Greenwoods GRM is a UK commercial law firm providing legal advice and pragmatic solutions to local, national and international clients.

Lighting

Directory

groupsales@mallatite.co.uk

Connecting Infrastructure Delivering Decorative Lighting Festoons for over 30 years We create bespoke low energy, durable festoon lighting for architects, designers, retail chains, sign makers, ship builders, and more.

Contact us to discuss your lighting project.

Lighting For Roads & Spaces Traf f ic Products & Signage Intelligent Road Products Road Maintenance Materials Traf f ic Signal Poles Passively Safe Products www.mallatite.co.uk

ILD ADVERT 2 .indd 1

www.lumisphere.co.uk sales@lumisphere.co.uk

LIGHTING DIRECTORY

01245 329 999

01525 601201

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info@PowerDataAssociates.com www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 5HR

Meter Administrator Power DataData Associates Ltd are Power Associates Ltd are the leading the leading meter administrator meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations accurate energy calculations assuring you of a assuring you of a cost effective cost effective quality service. Offering independent quality service. Offering consultancy advice to independent consultancy adviceensure correct inventory to ensure correct inventory coding, coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact unmetered energy forecasting and of market development impact of market developments.

01525 601201

info@PowerDataAssociates.com www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR

Midlands Lighting Solutions From Concept to Construction in One Simple Step

We have over 40 years experience in the street lighting industry and are a leading manufacturer and supplier to UK and International markets.

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Isolators Cut-outs Earthing, Accessories Photocells Surge Protection CELtek CMS Distribution Pillars In-ground Distribution EV Charging Smart City, IoT Lighting Management

• Providing Lighting and Electrical Consultancy • Full Design Services Including On-site Presence • Feasibility Studies and Obtrusive Light Assessments • Visual Surveys and Electrical Testing

European distributors of StormSpill®, only system specified by: • London 2012 Olympic Games • Glasgow 2014 Commonwealths

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LJ Directory rev3.indd 1

04/01/2021 11:00:56

ILLUMINATING INTERIORS WARMING COLOURS & ADJUSTABLE WHITES

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LIGHTING CONSULTANTS

This directory gives details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services

HERBIE BARNIEH

JASON MCNULTY

ALISTAIR SCOTT

PROJECT CENTRE

4WAY CONSULTING LTD

DESIGNS FOR LIGHTING LTD

BEng IEng MILP

LONDON WC1X 9HD T: 0330 135 8950, 077954 75570 HERBIE.BARNIEH@PROJECTCENTRE.CO.UK

WWW.PROJECTCENTRE.CO.UK

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MHEA

BEng (Hons) MIET

WINCHESTER SO23 7TA T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: ALISTAIR@DFL-UK.COM

LEAMINGTON SPA, CV31 3RG T: 01926 832799 E: JASON.MCNULTY@4WAYCONSULTING.COM

WWW.DFL-UK.COM

WWW.4WAYCONSULTING.COM Providing exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialising in the urban and inter-urban environment.

Our services span the complete project life cycle for both the public and private sector.

Professional lighting design consultancy offering technical advice, design and management services for exterior/interior applications for highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting.

Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

STEVEN BIGGS

STEPHEN HALLIDAY

ANTHONY SMITH

SKANSKA INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES

WSP

STAINTON LIGHTING DESIGN SERVICES LTD

Efficient, innovative, and bespoke lighting design services from an award winning consultancy.

Experienced in delivering exterior lighting projects from feasibility studies to post construction.

Whether it’s highway, street, or public realm lighting, let us assist you to realise your project goals.

IEng MILP

PETERBOROUGH PE1 5XG T: 07834 506705 E: STEVEN.BIGGS@SKANSKA.CO.UK

WWW.SKANSKA.CO.UK

Award winning professional multi-disciplinary lighting design consultants.

Extensive experience in technical design and delivery across all areas of construction, including highways, public realm and architectural projects.

Providing energy efficient design and solutions.

BONNIE BROOKS

BA(Hons) BEng (Hons) MSc CEng MSLL MCIBSE MILP

ILLUME DESIGN LTD

IEng FILP

EngTech AMILP

MANCHESTER M50 3SP T: 0161 886 2532 E: STEPHEN.HALLIDAY@WSPGROUP.COM

STOCKTON ON TEES TS23 1PX T: 01642 565533, E: ENQUIRIES@STAINTONLDS.CO.UK

WWW.WSPGROUP.COM

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications.

PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

WWW.STAINTONLDS.CO.UK

Specialist in: motorway, highway schemes, illumination of buildings, major structures, public artworks, amenity area lighting, public spaces, car parks, sports lighting, asset management, reports, plans, assistance, maintenance management, electrical design and communication network design. Registered personnel.

STEPHEN HIGHAM

NICK SMITH

SHD LIGHTING CONSULTANCY LTD

NICK SMITH ASSOCIATES LIMITED

IEng MILP

IEng FILP MIES

CHESTERFIELD, S40 3JR T: 01246 229444 E: TRAINING@NICKSMITHASSOCIATES.COM

EXETER EX4 1NF T: 07840 054601, E: INFO@ILLUME-DESIGN.CO.UK

BOLTON BL2 6SE M: 07834 490 192 E: STEVE@SHDLIGHTING.CO.UK

WWW.ILLUME-DESIGN.CO.UK

WWW.SHDLIGHTING.CO.UK

WWW.NICKSMITHASSOCIATES.CO.UK

SIMON BUSHELL

ALLAN HOWARD

ALAN TULLA

SSE CONTRACTING

WSP

ALAN TULLA LIGHTING

Professional independent lighting design consultancy providing designs for all exterior applications, including street lighting. Specialists in assisting at the planning application stage with designs, strategies, lighting impact assessments, and expert witness, with a focus on mitigating ecological and environmental impacts.

MBA DMS IEng MIL

PORTSMOUTH PO6 1UJ T: +44 (0)2392276403 M: 07584 313990 E: SIMON.BUSHELL@SSE.COM

WWW.SSECONTRACTING.CO.UK

Outdoor lighting consultancy specialising in adoptable highway and private lighting designs.

Our services include Section 38, Section 278, Car Park lighting designs, Commercial floodlighting schemes and environmental impact lighting assessment reporting. Qualified design team with 24 years’ experience in exterior lighting.

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL

Specialist exterior lighting consultant.

Private and adopted lighting and electrical design for highways, car parks, area and sports lighting.

Lighting Impact assessments, expert witness and CPD accredited Lighting design AutoCAD and Lighting Reality training courses.

IEng FILP FSLL

LONDON WC2A 1AF T: 07827 306483 E: ALLAN.HOWARD@WSPGROUP.COM

WINCHESTER, SO22 4DS T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: ALAN@ALANTULLALIGHTING.COM

WWW.WSPGROUP.COM

Professional artificial and daylight lighting services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice and analysis to develop and implement energy and carbon reduction strategies. Expert witness regarding obtrusive lighting, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations. registered personnel.

WWW.ALANTULLALIGHTING.COM

LORRAINE CALCOTT

ALAN JAQUES

MICHAEL WALKER

IT DOES LIGHTING LTD

ATKINS

MCCANN LTD

Professional consultancy from the UK’s and Irelands largest external lighting contractor.

From highways and tunnels, to architectural and public spaces our electrical and lighting designers also provide impact assessments, lighting and carbon reduction strategies along with whole installation packages.

IEng MILP IALD MSLL ILA BSS THE CUBE, 13 STONE HILL, TWO MILE ASH, MILTON KEYNES, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, MK8 8DN T: 01908 560110 E: INFORMATION@ITDOES.CO.UK

IEng FILP

Site surveys of sports pitches, road lighting and offices.

Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior.

Visual Impact Assessments for planning applications.

Specialises in problem solving and out-of-the-ordinary projects.

IEng MILP CMS

NOTTINGHAM, NG9 2HF T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 E: ALAN.JAQUES@ATKINSGLOBAL.COM

NOTTINGHAM NG9 6DQ M: 07939 896887 E: M.WALKER@JMCCANN.CO.UK

WWW.ITDOES.CO.UK

WWW.ATKINSGLOBAL.COM

WWW.MCCANN-LTD.CO.UK

MARK CHANDLER

PATRICK REDMOND

PETER WILLIAMS

Award winning lighting design practice specialising in interior, exterior, flood and architectural lighting.

Emphasis on section 278/38, public realm, ecology receptor mitigation and supporting Councils with planning approvals, CDM2015 and SBD accredited.

Specialists in circadian spectrally specific lighting design.

EngTech AMILP

MMA LIGHTING CONSULTANCY LTD

READING RG10 9QN T: 0118 3215636 E: MARK@MMA-CONSULTANCY.CO.UK

WWW.MMA-CONSULTANCY.CO.UK

Exterior lighting consultant’s who specialise in all aspects of street lighting design, section 38’s, section 278’s, project management and maintenance assistance.

We also undertake lighting appraisals and environmental lighting studies

Professional consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting.

Advisors on energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

HDip Bus, EngTech AMILP, AMSLL, Tech IEI

Design for all types of exterior lighting including street lighting, car parks, floodlighting, decorative lighting, and private lighting. Independent advice regarding light trespass, carbon reduction and invest to save strategies.

Asset management, data capture, inspection and testing services available.

EngTech AMILP

WILLIAMS LIGHTING CONSULTANTS LTD.

REDMOND ANALYTICAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTD. M: + 353 (0)86 2356356 E: PATRICK@REDMONDAMS.IE

BEDFORD, MK41 6AG T: 0 16 0 8 6 4 2 5 3 0 E: PETER.WILLIAMS@WLCLIGHTING.CO.UK

WWW.REDMONDAMS.IE

WWW.WLCLIGHTING.CO.UK

Independent expert lighting design services for all exterior and interior lighting applications. We provide sustainable lighting solutions and associated electrical designs. Our services include PSDP for lighting projects, network contractor auditing, and GPS site surveys for existing installations.

Specialists in the preparation of quality and effective street lighting design solutions for Section 38, Section 278 and other highway projects. We also prepare lighting designs for other exterior applications. Our focus is on delivering solutions that provide best value.

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing

MEDIA IN MOTION anolislighting.com

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