The Land - December 23, 2022

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Vol. XLVI ❖ No. 26 24 pages, 1 section plus supplements

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COLUMNS

Opinion 2-3

Farm and Food File 3 Deep Roots 4

The Bookworm Sez 6 Green & Growing 7 Kitchen Classics 8

Talent in the GreenSeam 9 Calendar of Events 10 Marketing 14 Farm Programs 15

Mielke Market Weekly 16 Auctions/Classifieds 19-23 Advertiser Listing 23 Back Roads 24

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‘Murder the media’

I’ve been reporting for various newspapers for more than three decades. During that time, I’ve worked hard to accurately tell readers what I saw and heard. I think working as a newspaper reporter is an honorable profession and I take pride in the fact that my work to write the truth is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

tion with the assault of Schaff. An affidavit stated Weyer recorded several rioters attacking Schaff’s and stealing her camera. In the video, Weyer is heard yelling, “Get her out! Mace her,” as Schaff tries to retrieve her camera. Weyer has yet to be sentenced.

LAND MINDS

That’s why I’m insulted by the claims from so many people that reporters report fake news. And that’s why I was pleased to hear that Alan William Byerly was sentenced to 34 months in jail, followed by three years of supervised probation and $2,000 in restitution.

By Tim King

OPINION

Byerly was one of those tourists who came to Washington D.C. on Jan. 6, 2021 to raise hell. Byerly, who was armed with a stun gun, attacked Associated Press photographer John Minchillo. Along with two other criminals, Byerly dragged Minchillo and then pushed him over a stone wall. Manchillo, who had a camera and a large — very visible — press badge, wasn’t badly injured.

A short while later, Byerly, who is from Pennsylvania, attacked Capitol police officers with the stun gun.

Byerly received a light sentence because not only did he admit to being guilty of attacking the police and a member of the press, but he apologized for doing it.

Byerly is one of 450 Jan. 6 rioters who have plead guilty to committing violent crimes in Washington D.C. that day. Quite a few of them say they came to Washington because Donald Trump told them to come. But why did Alan Byerly choose to attack a member of the press?

Byerly wasn’t the only criminal rioter to attack the media on that Jan. 6. The U.S. Press Freedom Tracker documented 18 journalists were assaulted during the riots along with the destruction of tens of thousands of dollars of news equipment.

One of the reporters doing her job on Jan. 6 was Erin Schaff, a New York Times photographer. She was surrounded and attacked by a group of rioters inside the Capitol. Schaff wrote an account of the attack: “At this point, I thought I could be killed and no one would stop them. They ripped one of my cameras away from me, broke a lens on the other and ran away.”

On June 28, 2021 Sandra Weyer, from Pennsylvania, was arrested and charged in connec-

The rioters targeted journalists attempting to report on their criminal activities. Here’s what the FBI wrote in an affidavit served with the arrest warrant of rioter Zvonimir Jurlina from Texas: “At approximately 4:50 p.m., on Jan. 6, 2021, a large crowd made its way to and/or past a media staging area that was set up outside the northeast corner of the U.S. Capitol, on U.S. Capitol grounds,” the FBI wrote. “As individuals moved past metal barricades that had been set up around the staging area, media members were forced to flee the area before recovering all their cameras and associated equipment. Numerous members of the crowd began to destroy the equipment, including cameras, tripods, lights, shades, and remote broadcasting equipment that belonged to various media outlets. Numerous members of the crowd yelled inflammatory rhetoric against the members of the media. One member of the media who was forced to flee the scene estimated that the equipment from his particular news organization that was destroyed was valued at between $30,000 and $34,000.”

Jurlina was photographed by other members of the mob kicking and stomping on equipment and assisting in trying to light a pile of it on fire. He also acknowledged, on video, to stealing media equipment.

Jurlina was arrested and is out on bail waiting for his trial. His arrest documents can be found at www.justice.gov/usao-dc/defendants/jurlina-zvonimir-joseph

The FBI wrote in several affidavits that the violence directed toward the media was widespread. “News coverage of Jan. 6, 2021, documented numerous attacks on members of the news media who were present to cover the events at, around, and in the U.S. Capitol building,” one affidavit reads. “These included reports of members of the news media being harassed, threatened, robbed, and assaulted based on their perceived roles as journalists, and equipment belonging to several news organizations was stolen, damaged, and/or destroyed.”

See LAND MINDS, pg. 4

10 — Grain bins are getting bigger and in more demand

neoliberal,

For almost 50 years, the world has gotten faster, richer, and — yes — fatter. The power behind all that (ahem) growth has been neoliberalism.

It’s not a political label or a personal slander. Instead, as author Rana Foroohar explains in her new book, Homecoming, neoliberalism is “an economic and political philosophy that capital, people, and goods should be able to cross borders freely in search of the most productive and profitable returns.”

By Alan Guebert

OPINION

In short, it was the energy behind Ronald Reagan’s “trickle down” economics, the muscle that pushed Bill Clinton’s free trade dealmaking, and the theory which powered the Bush and Obama Administrations’ embrace of China’s labor might and its mighty ag imports.

“Politics,” writes Foroohar, both an assistant editor of the Financial Times and a contributor to CNN, “takes place at the level of the nation-state. But economics has, for the last 40 years, been an increasingly global affair…”

And, she quickly adds, more and more of this global game plays by “rules… [that] have been dictated by a global technocratic class whose members have more in common with one another than the majority of the people in their own country.”

That’s especially so in the fields and pastures of farmers and ranchers who run into powerful neoliberal forces — mostly global business cartels — in nearly every aspect of their livelihood: seed, fuel, fertilizer, machinery, meatpacking, transportation, exporting.

That’s because, Foroohar explains, the more success neoliberalism has in business, the more disconnected it becomes from peoples’ daily lives. “Too many people crafting and/or benefiting from the system mistook free trade for foreign policy and believed that unified global markets would always

neoliberal, we’re all neoliberals

beget global politics.”

It hasn’t. What once was promoted as a “safe markets-safe world” idea to counter the last century’s dance with fascism, socialism and war has now grown into populism, a “natural result of this disconnection between the global economy and national politics.”

As the last decade in rural America has made plain, that disconnect between economics and politics is almost complete.

Foroohar knows this; large portions of her book outline how the built-in resiliency which once was characteristic of the nation’s farm and ranch communities has been replaced by highly specialized, inherently fragile industrial farms and livestock operations where efficiency and growth are paramount to community and resilience.

Chapters include “The Problem with Big Food,” “Move Fast and Grow Things,” and “Two Americas.”

All point to how the world’s adoption of neoliberal economics has left it and most citizens vulnerable to increasingly brittle “global supply chains” and rising fascism (witness today’s Hungary, Poland, Sweden, and Italy) while strengthening one-time — and likely future — foes like China.

But, as the book’s title suggests, “the paradigm of

globalization is now changing” from a “system of concentrated power and oligopoly” to a world where “regionalization and localization are the future.”

One example of this sea change, she cites, is how “the Biden Administration’s trade representative, Katherine Tai, has outlined a new direction for U.S.China trade, one that puts labor and national interests ahead of consumer prices and individual corporate interests.”

That Americans-first approach with our biggest foreign trader is “a key stake in the heart of the usual neoliberal corporate interests,” she opines, and don’t think for a minute that the rest of the world hasn’t noticed.

Another example is the federal government’s mid2022 approval of $52 billion “in grants and incentives for domestic semiconductor manufacturing.” That critical need was magnified during the Covid pandemic when breakdowns in the international supply chain left U.S. security agencies empty-handed and the nation vulnerable.

In one way, Foroohar’s vision of “homecoming” is already in place in North American agriculture: integration. It’s a “way of increasing productivity, resilience, and sustainability,” she explains, all critical elements in tomorrow’s farms and ranches.

Integrators, however, will need to focus more on “regional markets” and less on “global markets.” Today’s market-grabbing oligopolists can expect much more government regulation — and even more government-supported competition — than before, too.

In Homecoming, Foroohar builds a strong case for neoliberalism’s continued weakening. The world — and especially farmers and ranchers — should hope she’s right.

The Farm and Food File is published weekly through the United States and Canada. Past columns, events and contact information are posted at www.farmandfoodfile.com. v

Reflections on 2022: I think the word is savory

Each year, beginning the day after Thanksgiving and ending somewhere around mid-January, I have an extra spring in my step as I go to the mailbox to gather our mail. Why? Because each day between those times we receive a few Christmas cards, photos and letters from folks who have touched our lives in one way or another. It is always fun to see and hear how families have expanded, friends have changed and lives have taken different routes.

singing and being on stage. If you are looking for any information on sharks or snakes, Cora is your gal. She has a head full of strange animal facts, but is particularly interested in sharks!

DEEP ROOTS

By Whitney Nesse

I will say, however, the one thing that drives me crazy is Christmas cards, letters and photos are generally the highlight reel, so-to-speak, of a person’s year. We mostly read and see the highs and very rarely do people express the lows or mundane. I am hoping to bring a little balance to your mailbox this year. No, this will not be a downer letter; but rather a glimpse into real life on 120th St. Per usual, to sum up our year in a word, I would have to say savory. This year was savory, a little salty at times, a little spicy at others — but altogether pleasant.

Abby is now in 7th grade (my how time has flown!). Her attitude is quite savory, not unlike most 13 year olds. She spent a majority of time over spring and summer working with her expanding herd of goats — trimming hooves, fitting for the county fair and leading them around in endless circles. Abby complained about spending time on the boat fishing this summer, but her line in the water told a different story. When she finds herself bored, she usually sits down at the piano and plays whatever currently tops her playlists. Abby especially loves being with her friends and is willing to do most any task as long as she gets paid.

Easton is 11 years old now and in 5th grade. He is very excited about how well his mustache is coming in! For him, spring, summer and fall were spent hunting and fishing. He also played tackle football this fall and found out he prefers hitting the guy with the ball rather than being the guy with the ball getting hit. Easton’s idea of cruel and unusual punishment is his parents’ reluctance in allowing him to quit band. I think his idea of being a drummer had more head banging than what the 5th grade band teacher allows. Easton has savory wits about him. He seems to know everything; and to the consternation of his parents, he actually knows everything. It is a good thing he has a million dollar smile! He also raised pigs this year and learned it is indeed better to break even than lose money.

Cora will turn 10 in February and is every bit as savory as her older sister. A little salty, a little spicy and quite pleasant! She is still the household fashionista and aspires to be a hair and makeup artist/ veterinarian. Cora finally got her own pet this summer: a fish. Unfortunately, while her fish was in temporary housing as she was cleaning the tank, the cat had a hankering for sushi. Cora has joined the Crow River Youth Choir and enjoys her time

Jonathan is a 2nd grader who despises school when he has to wake up in the morning; and reports he had the best day ever each afternoon. Most of his summer was spent in the water or on the water. Jonny loves duck hunting! He writes stories about it at school and duck hunting is the subject of most of his pictures. I am not sure if he has ever actually shot a duck, but he talks a big game. He also played flag football this fall. Only once did he run off the field with blood all over his face from a busted lip. However, he quickly returned

that is what he told us). Jordy absolutely loves fishing and got a good taste of ice fishing last winter where he caught a nice-sized walleye that he often talks about! He also landed more sunfish than anyone else on our summer fishing adventures. He tried baseball this summer and had more fun playing in the sand than actually playing the game. Oh well … I guess it’s not for everyone!

Karl continues to play a lot of pickleball and he goes hunting as often as time allows. His work as a crop consultant keeps him busy as well and he enjoys it! Karl’s savory sense of humor keeps me rolling my eyes and the kids laughing. He is looking forward to a winter full of coyote hunting!

A savory year this has been for me as well. I wondered what I would do with my time once all five of our children were in school full time. I am happy to report my time has been filled up. A little shy of one year ago, Karl and I — along with five other couples — planted a church. It has been quite an adventure to say the least! What started out in our living room has grown exponentially in ways only the Lord could do and has been an altogether pleasant experience. I continue to offer my thoughts and experiences to readers through The Land which I enjoy very much. Unfortunately, my laundry piles are turning more into mountains and I cannot seem to find room in our garage for my minivan.

to the game gritting his teeth and spitting blood with more determination than ever. I do not recall if they won that game or not, but Jonny sure looked tough for a few days. Jon has a huge heart and cares for others really well — as long as they are not his siblings.

Jordy is finally in kindergarten! So far, he has had an awesome year. He has only thrown up in school once and it didn’t even get on the carpet (at least

As I reflect on the past year, I am grateful it has been a pleasant one. Without the savory times, I may not appreciate the especially sweet times or recognize the bitter ones. As our family continues our collective journey of following Christ, we know we will have sweet times as well as bitter and we are learning to thrive in the savory. One of my desires for this year is to connect personally with readers. Send me a card, write me a note, find me on social media. Let’s share the bitter, sweet and savory parts of our lives together. Above all, from my family to yours, have a blessed Christmas season as we celebrate the birth of our King Jesus.

Whitney Nesse is a sixth-generation livestock farmer who is deeply rooted in her faith and family. She writes from her central Minnesota farm. v

Reporters’ safety no longer a given

LAND MINDS, from pg. 2

On Sept. 9, 2022, two petty thieves and vandals plead guilty to theft and destruction of government property during the Jan. 6 riot. Here’s a quote from the Justice Department documents charging Nicholas Ochs and Nicholas DeCarlo: “On Jan. 6, 2021, at some point after entering the Capitol grounds without authorization, DeCarlo and Ochs defaced the Memorial Door of the Capitol by inscribing the words ‘MURDER THE MEDIA’ on the door.”

The two men, who call themselves Proud Boys, had a Facebook site called “Murder the Media” and

they used that site to raise money to travel to Washington D.C.

We don’t murder reporters in this country, but they do so regularly across the border in Mexico. The activities admitted to by so many Jan. 6 rioters makes me think that we can no longer take for granted the safety of reporters in this country.

Tim King has been a contributor to The Land since 1985. He also co-founded the community newspaper La Voz Libre and served as its publisher and editor from 2004 to 2014. He farms with his family near Long Prairie, Minn.

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Book unveils body functions’ place in history

Give the gentleman a hand.

He did a good job, and he deserves it. Seriously, someone gave him a leg-up, he jumped in with both feet, and shortly after he put his nose to the grindstone, he found himself rubbing elbows with influential people. He shouldered some responsibility, kept his ear to the ground, and look where he’s been. So give him a hand, and read “A History of the World Through Body Parts” by Kathryn Petras and Ross Petras.

BOOKWORM SEZ

By Terri Schlichenmeyer

It all begins with Cleopatra’s nose. Mathematician Blase Pascal seemed fascinated by it, not because it stood out (though it did), but because Julius Caesar and Marc Antony were both smitten with it and their obsessions changed the world. That got Petras and Petras thinking how other bodily bits might have affected history. Can “zeroing in on a body part” help make sense of our world?

Take, for instance, an anonymous woman’s hand, stenciled on the side of a cave in Australia some 30,000 years ago. It was art but, since scientists know that ancient Aboriginal people could recognize others by their handprints, it could’ve also been a message. That shows a rather sophisticated form of early communication.

According to legend, St. Cuthbert’s hair and fingernails continued to grow after his death — to the point where the deceased saint had his own stylist and manicurist. St. Cuthbert, and other Catholic saints, were a part of the Church’s “big business” — selling and procuring relics in the 8th through the 16th century. Today,

there’s no need for a Holy pilgrimage; if you want a Holy relic, you can sim ply buy one online.

The conqueror Tamerlane might have used “a very distinctive limp” to build his fearsome reputation. A “religious epiphany” came to Martin Luther in an unusual place, all because of his bowels. Henry VIII is said to have kept Anne Boleyn’s heart. And Charles II of Spain’s jaw proved that “keeping things all in the family” was really not a good idea...

No doubt, you know by now that life is full of things that make you say, «huh.» You probably come across them quite often. «A History of the World Through Body Parts» offers you a whole book full of more.

And yet, that title sounds gory,

doesn›t it? Nope, authors Petras and Petras don›t go that far in their storytelling. Here, you›ll get an outline in each short-to-read account; but one with enough particulars to make you feel smarter. Most tales are kept relatively bloodless in detail. In fact, some of them don›t involve detachment at all.

That lack of violence leaves plenty of room for enjoyment of these tiny, esoteric — but impactful — bits of history, science, and sociology. Bonus: there are lots of sidebars with even more fun-to-know info.

Readers of unique history will devour this book, but it›s also a great way to get someone interested in a narrower version of a broader subject. Just beware: «A History of the World Through Body Parts» might make you lose your head.

Look for the reviewed book at a bookstore or a library near you. You may also find the book at online book retailers.

The Bookworm is Terri Schlichenmeyer. Terri has been reading since she was 3 years old and never goes anywhere without a book. She lives in Wisconsin with three dogs and 10,000 books. v

Clarion newest cold-hardy grape

ST. PAUL — Grape growers and wine lovers take note: The University of Minnesota is releasing its sixth coldhardy wine grape, Clarion.

At the University’s Horticultural Research Center, researchers discovered Clarion grapes continually produce high-quality, dry white wines with fruity attributes of citrus, pear, melon, apricot and chamomile. Some evaluators describe the wine as being similar to southern hemisphere Sauvignon blanc.

With a less vigorous growth habit than other cold-hardy varieties, Clarion is easier for growers to manage in the vineyard. Its grape bunches are loose, which can contribute to reduced disease and insect pressure for conventional production methods. Clarion has known resistance to downy mildew, a major pest in the eastern United States due to humid and rainy summers.

U of M researchers have been growing Clarion grape vines under the

research name MN1220 for more than 20 years to test the hybrid vines’ coldhardiness, disease resistance and other attributes for commercial and backyard cultivation. Test plots have been in evaluation for over 10 years with nurseries and university and Extension partners across the United States.

Although marginally hardy in Zone 4, this selection tested well in Iowa and Wisconsin (Zone 5) as part of a national variety testing program. Limited vines will be available beginning in 2023 for vineyards.

Additional information about Clarion can be found at mnhardy.umn.edu/ clarion. Interested state wine grower’s organizations should contact Matt Clark (clark776@umn.edu) for tasting opportunities.

This article was submitted by University of Minnesota. v

THE

“A History of the World Through Body Parts” by Kathryn Petras and Ross Petras c.2022, Chronicle Books

out(doors) of ferns

Ferns have been grown indoors since Victorian times. And ferns grow outdoors in cool and shady places often next to hostas. Fern fossils indicate they are of some of the earliest plants that evolved.

The Ostrich fern Matteuccia struthiopteris is native to this area and has the characteristic fiddlehead form in the spring. This shape unfolds as the plant grows with the spiral unrolling (so to speak) and becoming the top of the frond. It grows four to six feet tall and is a perennial.

GREEN AND GROWING

By Linda G. Tenneson

The Japanese Painted fern Athyrium niponicum, originally from Asia, will also grow outdoors in this area. Its silvery fronds and low growth habit makes it appealing to gardeners. It needs consistent watering and mild winters to survive.

Outdoor ferns grow on the shady and cooler sides of buildings or in the deeper shade of woodland areas.

Household ferns may be the well-known Boston fern, the Staghorn fern or one of the less common varieties. The staghorn fern has fronds which are much wider and resemble moose antlers. These and other varieties provide an interesting contrast to the form of other indoor plants. The Boston fern acquired its name because it was shipped there from the sub-tropics and became a popular houseplant. This variety in particular wants humidity and would grow well in a bathroom with indirect light. This plant is also said to be a good air purifier removing toxins from the air.

Ferns are unusual because they grow from spores dropped from the parent plants instead of from actual seeds. A simplified explanation is that the adult plants drop both male and female spores which mate and produce new plants. The spores appear as small dots on the bottom or back sides

Variety crop trial results available

The Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and the College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences have published the 2022 Minnesota Field Crop Trials. Visit varietytrials.umn.edu/2022 to see variety trials for nine different Minnesota crops.

Crops included in this year’s trial

include barley, canola, corn grain, corn silage, oat, soybean, spring wheat, winter rye and winter wheat. Due to a delay in processing data, a full report for winter wheat will be available in mid-December.

This article was submitted by University of Minnesota. v

of the fern fronds. Houseplant ferns are propagated by divisions made from existing plants.

Houseplant ferns are native to the tropics and prefer a cool temperature and high humidity. A daytime temperature of 72 F or lower and a nighttime temperature of 60 degrees is preferable. A humidity level of 40 to 50 percent is best for ferns; although a 30 percent humidity may be tolerated.

Humidity around a plant may be increased by placing the container on tops of rocks which would elevate it in a larger container that has a few inches of water in it. Do not allow the water to reach the bottom of the pot

with the fern. Check the water periodically to wash out any algae which may have formed on the rocks. Misting ferns early in the morning is another way to increase the humidity around them.

Ruffled or fluffy ferns, those with dense foliage, are sensitive to too much water on their fronds. Ferns with broader or thicker leaves may need to be misted daily in the winter. Ferns like moisture, but not standing water. Use care not to over-water — especially in the winter. Potting soil with perlite or a similar substance will increase drainage.

Check the website extension.umn. edu/houseplants/tropical-ferns for indoor fern culture. These websites provide detailed information on both indoor and outdoor ferns: extension. uga.edu/publications/detail. html?number=B737 and u.osu.edu/ eeob3320/category/ferns/.

Linda G. Tenneson is a University of Minnesota master gardener and tree care advisor. v

Pasta and cheese is comfort food at its finest

It’s December, which for many people means a traditional, tried and true lineup of meats, sides, desserts and heritage treats. Food traditions run deep, and especially so during the holiday season; so I won’t try to sell you on a new way to cook ham or meatballs. Instead, I will share a family favorite that fits any season.

Cheese and pasta go together like peas and carrots, bread and butter, and milk and cookies. Keep reading for Cook’s Illustrated’s baked ziti recipe, followed by a set of notes, substitutions, and variations I’ve found successful over the years.

KITCHEN CLASSICS

By Diane Lochner

Ingredients

1 pound ziti, penne, or other short, tubular pasta

Salt and pepper

1 pound (2 cups) whole milk or 1 percent large curd cottage cheese

2 large eggs

3 ounces Parmesan cheese, grated (1/2 cup)

2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil

5 garlic cloves, minced

1 (23 ounce) can tomato sauce

1 (14.5 ounce) can diced tomatoes

1 teaspoon dried oregano

1/2 cup plus 2 tablespoons chopped fresh basil

1 teaspoon sugar

3/4 teaspoon corn starch

1 cup heavy cream

8 ounces whole-milk mozzarella cheese, cut into quarter-inch pieces (1-1/2 cups)

Directions

Adjust oven rack to middle position and heat the oven to 350 degrees. Bring 4 quarts water to boil in a large pot. Add pasta and 1 tablespoon salt and cook, stirring often, until pasta begins to soften but is not yet cooked through. Drain pasta and leave in colander (do not wash pot).

Meanwhile, whisk cottage cheese, eggs, and one cup Parmesan together in medium bowl; set aside. Heat oil and garlic in 12-inch skillet over medium heat. Cook, stirring often, until garlic turns golden but not brown, about 3 minutes. Stir in tomato sauce, diced tomatoes, and oregano, bring to simmer, and cook until thickened, about 10 minutes. Off heat, stir in 1/2 cup basil; add sugar and season with salt and pepper to taste.

Stir cornstarch and heavy cream together in small bowl; transfer mixture to now-empty pasta pot over medium heat. Bring to simmer and cook until thickened, 3-4 minutes. Off heat, stir in cottage cheese mixture, 1 cup of the tomato sauce, and 3/4 cup of mozzarella. Add pasta to pot and stir to combine.

Transfer pasta to 13 x 9-inch baking dish and spread remaining tomato sauce evenly over top. Sprinkle with remaining 3/4 cup mozzarella and remaining 1/2 cup Parmesan. Cover dish tightly with aluminum foil that has been sprayed with vegetable oil spray. Bake for 30 minutes, then remove foil and continue to bake until cheese is bubbling and beginning to brown, about 30 minutes longer. Cool casserole for 10-15 minutes, then sprinkle with remaining 2 tablespoons basil and serve.

That’s the recipe as Cook’s Illustrated presented it, here are some helpful real-world tips to make it easier.

Pasta: Ziti, penne, and mostaccioli pasta work well. I use penne most often.

Cheeses: I’ve only ever used large-curd cottage cheese. Lately, I’ve been doubling the mozzarella cheese to 16 ounces, and have found two packages of Belgioioso “pearls” to be perfect for this dish (no grating or cutting required). I don’t recommend pre-shredded mozzarella, nor the powdered variety of Parmesan cheese.

Tomatoes: Drain the diced tomatoes. You don’t need the extra liquid. Petite diced tomatoes work well too, if you prefer smaller tomato chunks.

Spices: I use minced garlic from a jar instead of dealing with actual garlic cloves. Fresh basil isn’t a requirement either, dried basil works just fine. Use dried oregano flakes, not the fine powder.

Baking dish: I use a glass baking dish; ceramic would likely also work well. I would not recommend an aluminum cake pan.

Cheese grater: A Microplane grater is ideal for grating the Parmesan cheese.

Notes on directions

I diverge a bit from the order in which Cook’s says to do things, though I agree with them that setting to 350 is a good preliminary step.

First, I get the cottage cheese, eggs, Parmesan mixed in a bowl (I add to the bowl one and a half packages (12 ounces) of the mozzarella pearls at this stage, too).

Second, I start the sauce, and while that is simmering, I start the water for the pasta. While the pasta and sauce are going on the stove, I mix the cream and corn starch, get the baking dish out, and find the aluminum foil.

When the pasta is done to your liking (the Cook’s people are seemingly very particular about their pasta. Cook it as soft or firm as you prefer), drain and leave in colander. I tend not to actually simmer the cream over medium heat, as it can scorch quickly, so I use residual heat from the pasta pot and burner to heat the cream. Then, place the pasta back in the pot, followed by the cheese mixture, and 1 cup of the sauce. Stir this well.

Pour carefully into the baking dish and spread to the corners. Pour the remaining sauce evenly over the top (don’t stir it all up). Place the remaining half-package (4 ounces) of mozzarella pearls on top, along with the remaining 1/2 cup of grated Parmesan. Garnish with fresh basil (optional).

I usually forget to spray the aluminum foil with cooking spray. That step is helpful to prevent sticking when you remove the foil at the 30 minute mark.

Variations

Gluten free? Replace the pasta with your favorite gluten free version.

Meat lovers? Cook the meat (hamburger, sausage, etc) thoroughly and add to the baking dish before you pour the sauce on top. I use 1/3 pound Italian sausage and only put it in one half of the dish, to accommodate preferences.

Like life spicy? Adjust the garlic, oregano, pepper amounts; add red pepper flakes, red chili, or others. Try a fresh or dried parsley garnish at the end.

Love tater tots? I suppose you could add a layer of tots on top to truly make it a Midwestern dish. If you do this, send me a picture and full report!

This recipe generates a lot of dirty bowls and pots, so enlist help in cleaning as you go. Serves 8-10, but works well for smaller numbers (with ample leftovers).

Diane Lochner is a librarian and home cook, living on a century farm in rural Minnesota. She can be reached at 507bookcook@gmail.com v

Service-learning partnerships teach youth about food and ag

Most adults know the connection between food and agriculture. If it was not for the farmers, we would not be eating and drinking nutritious meals. However, even adults are becoming less inclined to make that connection when they sit down to eat the dinner they just picked up at the grocery store or had delivered right to their door by the Uber Eats driver.

TALENT IN THE GREENSEAM

By Shane Bowyer

enced new foods and learned about where their food comes from. Not all kids have access to gardens, fresh produce or Minnesota-grown ingredients such as wild rice.”

Thirty-six college students created 18 food learning displays — along with samples — hosted at Pioneer Bank for the MY Place youth. Not only did the youth learn about

into terms elementary kids would understand. The college students also sourced the products and created the samples for the kids. The “service” part of the learning for the college students is an important aspect that goes far beyond memorizing terms for a test and is impactful for all involved.

MSU senior Ryan Kemna, who taught the MY Place youth about turkey, said, “Having an opportunity like this really gave the class a chance to not only give back to the community but offer what we learned over the past few months about the interconnectivity of agribusiness, food and health.”

also a small part of a USDA NIFA grant the university received to host service-learning events. A larger similar event, called Ag in Action, will take place in April for about 300 middleschoolers from southern Minnesota.

Now what do you think young kids are thinking about their food — especially the kids living in large cities? Not only do they have a disconnect of where their food comes from, they are also lacking the knowledge of what actually is wholesome, nutritious food.

Food literacy is increasingly becoming a problem. In the June 2021 research journal Nutrients, authors of an article noted, “This is concerning because dietary habits established in childhood and adolescence set the foundation for lifelong practices. Poor eating habits and food behaviors during adolescence can also increase the risk for obesity and related chronic diseases in adulthood.”

This problem is only going to increase as more kids are growing up in urban areas and have less access to nutritious food, as well as the education needed to provide them with the ability to make good healthy food decisions.

This is where we all need to work together to educate youth to make good decisions. A great example of a partnership making this happen was a recent event put on by a Minnesota State University, Mankato AgriBusiness course along with Pioneer Bank to educate the youth from Mankato Youth Place (MY Place).

“Through our partnership with the MSU Agribusiness department, our youth have been able to engage in hands-on learning opportunities,” MY Place Executive Director Erin Simmons said. “As a result, they have experi-

food grown in our region, they also got to taste it. From potatoes to chicken to milk, youth learned how it was made and where it came from. And yes, they even tasted and learned about wild rice; but it was definitely not as big of hit as the bacon!

“Agriculture is the number-one industry we serve. Providing educational opportunities for children and adults in our region can only strengthen our agriculture sector.” Pioneer Bank CEO David Krause said. “We were so excited about our partnership with both Minnesota State University, Mankato and GreenSeam and their commitment to agriculture and this region. Providing a venue for this event is another way for us to build momentum and excitement for this industry and our region.”

Not only did the MY Place youth learn, but so did the college students. This is an example of what is called service-learning. The college students had to do research on the product and then be able to put the information

The positive experience of a servicelearning project requires partners for it to happen. In this example a community bank, a college class, and an after-school program came together to provide a unique and fun learning experience for youth. This project was

“There’s no better way to appreciate good healthy food than to taste it. Kids were using all their senses as they listened to the MNSU Agribusiness students share how food was grown, where it came from, how it smelled, tasted and looked,” said Cathy Willette, Director of Development at Minnesota State University, Mankato. “Positive experiences like this lay the groundwork for future good choices for our children. But none of it happens without the partnerships we have within our community and the generosity of those who continue to give back.”

It is amazing how food can bring people together and spark a conversation. We all need to invite more young learners to our dinner table to share how food is grown and makes its way to their families’ table.

Talent in the GreenSeam focuses on developing talent and promoting careers in agriculture and food. Dr. Shane Bowyer is the Director of AgriBusiness & Food Innovation in the College of Business at Minnesota State University, Mankato and is on the GreenSeam Talent Committee. He can be reached for comments or talent ideas at shane. bowyer@mnsu.edu v

Photos submitted MSU student Jacob Olson (far right) explains that the edamame sample is actually a young soybean which is grown all around us.

MSU student Tyler Engelbrecht (wearing a stocking cap) teaches MY Place youth about fresh strawberries.

Grain bins are bigger … and business is booming

By DICK HAGEN The Land Staff Writer Emeritus

NORTHWOOD, Iowa — Started by his dad in 1982, the Northwood, Iowa Agri-Sales and Building Supply is now managed by his 38-year-old son, Tom Low. Tom graduated from Northwood High School; followed by two years at North Iowa Area Community College on the east edge of Mason City.

Says Low, “I got here immediately after completing my two-year program at NIAC — although I spent lots of time working with my dad during my high school years.”

And that’s not surprising since a major function of his firm is selling grain bins, dryers and a bunch more. “Anything to do with farming — except tractors and major farm equipment,” Low said, “augers, tillage gear, and it seems a growing assortment of new requests. The continually-growing diversity of today’s agriculture is amazing, be that in crop production or livestock.”

The top-selling grain bin for him these days is GSI made in Illinois. His assessment of 2022 sales? “Pretty good so far. And now some area interest farmers for 2023 as well. Farmers tell me their crops did surprisingly good this year; plus corn and soybeans prices are mostly okay … so us guys working with farmers are optimistic too,” says Low.

It seems everything in agriculture keeps expanding … farm sizes, tractor power, harvesting equipment — and grain bins too. “Back when I was younger, it was anywhere from 36 to 42-foot bins,” Low recalled. “Now those are tiny bins. Today, bins from 54 to 72-feet wide are now common. Now we’re talking anywhere from 150,000 bushel to 300,000 bushel bins.” Yep, you see some real whopping big structures on farms these days.

Low doesn’t erect bins he sells. His dad had taught him years earlier that process goes to someone who has the manpower. “Harvey Patterson just down the road is my bin man,” said Low. “With a good crew its usually a couple weeks once the concrete is poured.“

Low admitted to a few hang-ups in the supply chain for a highly diversified contractor. “It was sort of a battle for a few weeks,” he said. “The biggest hang-up was when we weren’t getting our new bins delivered to us. But as of now (mid-October was my visit) we’re getting mostly caught up and back to normal again. And that’s almost a stretch; because anymore, what’s normal? This U. S. economy needs some fixing it appears to me … and I think many others too.”

A normal work schedule for his crew is 7 a.m. until 5 p.m. “But no set schedule during the fall harvest season … even a few seven-day weeks then,” confessed Low. “And quitting time each day is like whenever we need to shut down; and many days that’s way beyond 5 p.m.”

Low admits his biggest challenge as his firm continues to grow is ever-evolving technology. “Perhaps the growing amount of computer technology needed to make everything work as needed in this business,” he said. “I’m not real fast on computers; but can see I’ve got to pick up some abilities just to keep the job projects on track for me and my crew. I was taught old school … if you can’t fix it with a hammer, you ain’t fixing it,” he chuckled.

And Low admits he himself has got to become more proficient with computer-aided design and drafting technologies. “This would speed considerably the time I’m now taking in drafting out layouts of new bins for customers.”

Low is confident about the future of American agriculture. “Lots of hard-working farmers out there,” he said. “Even with pricing on all their inputs going through the roof they seem to figure it out … and most likely they’ve also wrapped up their 2023 cropping plans — including advance purchases of fuels and seeds.”

“I work up a plan for each season as best I can. But in the fall, I suggest to my regular farm customers that they call and get on the list for when we can attend to their needs. Some days it’s a short list, some days its four pages.”

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Low is a healthy and extremely energetic young guy. No need for fitness and conditioning programs needed in his daily ‘hands on’ working environment.

And how does he plan ahead on how many new bins for the next season? He chuckled, “I’m still trying to figure that one out. You don’t want to turn down work; but perhaps like some farmers, usually some uncertainties as I gear up for the new season. One thing I learned from my dad was, ‘Sure, do some planning and have enough help to get the work done; but always be ready to adjust as needed.’”

Low has two full time employees … and sometimes more if a new grain bin project is lagging. He also has an ‘old timer’ — Kenny Quam, now in his 80s, who goes out doing dryer work. “Kenny’s a brilliant guy,” Low said.

Low’s wife is Brittany and they have sons Leygion, 8, and Drew, age 3. College ahead for these two young guys? Or taking over with Dad eventually? Low quickly countered, “I would hope they would go to college; but anymore, trade school seems a better turn. Good salaries and lots of specially-trained guys needed too. That’s the training I got at NIAC which certainly helped when I came home.” v

Calendar of Events

Jan. 11, 18, 25, Feb. 1, 8, 15, 22, March 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 — Strategic Farming: Let’s Talk Crops — Online — This live, online program will provide up-to-date, research-based information to help optimize your crop management strategies for 2023. For more details, please visit https://z.umn.edu/strategic-farming

Jan. 11: Forecast for the season – Weather, economics & supply chains

Jan. 18: What’s bugging my corn? An outlook on corn rootworm and more

Jan. 25: Climate factors and nitrogen management Feb. 1: Semi-Dwarf corn & SCN breeding efforts

Feb. 8: Are biologicals in corn & soybean logical?

Feb. 15: Weed management in the era of increasing herbicide resistance

Feb. 22: “Can I take an N credit?” and other cover crop FAQs

March 1: Expanding your rotation with small grains

March 8: Corn Tar Spot: Distribution, development, and management

March 15: Alfalfa weevil and other alfalfa management challenges

March 22: Soybean Pests – What’s up with the new and old…are they a big deal?

March 29: Get your planters ready

A pigweed by

Pigweeds are a widespread genus of plants (Amaranthus) comprised of roughly 75 species across six continents. Pigweeds are herbaceous annuals or short-lived perennials which can produce hundreds of thousands of seeds. Some pigweed species are used for ornamental reasons or food, while others are considered noxious weeds.

Pigweeds, such as loves lies bleeding (Amaranthus caudatus), are grown as an ornamental in garden beds or along borders. They have a drooping flowering head which is typically a deep red or crimson purple color. There are many other varieties of pigweeds grown for their colors and are also used in bouquets and other arrangements. Other varieties, like red garnet (A. hybridus) and hot biscuits (A. cruentus), can be used for their colors; and the leaves can be eaten in a soup or cooked like collards. The seeds can also be used like a quinoa or ground up into flour and used for baking. Ancient Aztec people were known to cultivate amaranth for its grain.

other name is still pigweed

There are many different pigweeds in Minnesota and Iowa — many of which are not detrimental to the environment. However, there is a concern that a few pigweed species are detrimental to row crops and can outcompete corn, soybean, sugar beets, and many other types of crops.

Palmer amaranth (A. palmeri) is a pigweed known as a noxious weed in many Midwestern states because it isn’t native to our region and is very competitive with crops. This plant can grow 2 to 3 inches a day and commonly reaches heights of 6 to 8 feet.

This pigweed is known to develop resistance to multiple classes of herbicides and their different modes of action. If left unchecked, Palmer plants can overtake a corn or soybean field in as little as a year and greatly increase weed management and other production costs while decreasing yields. There are reports that Palmer amaranth has caused yield losses up to 91 per-

cent in corn and 79 percent in soybeans.

If you suspect that you have Palmer amaranth on your land, more information on the MDA webpage at www. mda.state.mn.us/plants-insects/palmer-amaranth. There are resources to help identify and report it. A public map shows where Palmer amaranth has been found in the state.

Similar to Palmer amaranth, waterhemp (A. tuberculatus) is an aggressive pigweed species that has become very problematic because it can become herbicide resistant and overtake crop fields in a short period of time. There are many biotypes of waterhemp, which also makes it difficult to control.

If you have questions or concerns about waterhemp, contact your local University of Minnesota Crop Educator who can direct you to more specific resources.

This article was submitted by Shane Blair, Minnesota Department of Agriculture. v

Palmer amaranth

Grain Outlook

Corn exports thirdhighest of the year

The following marketing analysis is for the week ending Dec. 16.

CORN — Happy Holidays! Corn has gone into the holiday doldrums with trading volume hitting the lowest of the year at mid-week. Corn prices rallied when traders returned from the weekend on slow loadings from the Black Sea after missile attacks on Ukraine. March corn has set up a range from $6.35 to $6.60 per bushel.

The Federal Reserve raised interest rates as expected by one-half percent to a range of 4.25 to 4.5 percent. In post-meeting comments, Federal Reserve Chair Powell indicated they were not backing down from their 2 percent inflation goal. Fed officials project the federal funds rate will increase to 5.1 percent by the end of 2023.

Argentina has received some rainfall recently, but timely rains are still needed. The Rosario Grain Exchange this week showed Argentina’s corn planting at 63 percent complete vs. 66 percent last year and 68 percent on average. They left the corn production outlook at 56 million metric tons vs. the U.S. Department of Agriculture at 55 mmt.

Southern Brazil’s dryness is attracting attention. Their corn planting is complete, and rains have been limited. In Ukraine, a grain trade union has asked the government to prioritize electricity to grain ports to prevent grain quality from deteriorating.

Weekly export sales were better than anticipated at 37.7 million bushels and the third-highest of the marketing year! Total commitments of 787.5 million bushels remain 48 percent behind last year’s pace. We need to average 32.5 million bushels of sales per week to hit the USDA’s 2.075 billion bushel outlook. The total commitment number is the lowest for this time of year in the last three years. China has just 1.3 mmt of unshipped bushels on the books compared to 10.5 mmt last year on this date. Based on where we are, traders will likely be looking for additional cuts to the export line on future USDA reports.

The weekly ethanol report showed ethanol production fell 16,000 barrels per day to 1.06 million bpd. This was above the 1.025 million bpd needed every week to hit the USDA’s 5.275 billion bushels corn for ethanol usage forecast. Ethanol stocks were at a 35-week high at 24.4 million barrels, up 1.15 million barrels. This was a record high stocks number for this week. Net margins dropped 6 cents to a negative

MARKETING

Cash Grain Markets

corn/change* soybeans/change*

Stewartville $6.23 +.19 $14.34 +.12

Edgerton $6.72 +.07 $14.64 +.24

Jackson NR NR Hope $6.46 +.05 $14.36 +.14

Cannon Falls $6.18 +.15 $14.34 +.24

Sleepy Eye $6.47 +.10 $14.55 +.05

St. Cloud $6.17 +.15 $14.54 +.19

Madison $6.38 +.15 $14.74 +.24

Redwood Falls $6.59 +.17 $14.74 +.19

Fergus Falls $6.26 +.14 $14.50 +.30

Morris $6.37 +.15 $14.73 +.28

Tracy $6.57 +.18 $14.63 +.18

Average: $6.40 $14.55

Year Ago Average: $5.79 $12.57

Grain prices are effective cash close on Dec. 20. *Cash grain price change represents a two-week period.

5 cents per gallon. Gasoline demand was down to a 22-week low at 8.255 million bpd. Gasoline demand over the last four weeks is down 9 percent from a year ago.

Outside markets have been interesting. The U.S. dollar plunged to its lowest since June when the Consumer Price Index came in better than expected at 7.1 percent higher than a year ago vs. expectations for an increase to 7.3 percent. However, the Federal Reserve interest rate announcement rallied the dollar. The war in Ukraine is seeing increased missile attacks by Russia focusing on Ukraine’s power grid. Every time it goes down, it takes longer to make repairs to restore power.

Outlook: Corn is fighting declining ethanol margins, increasing ending stock ideas, and weak demand as we head into the end of the year. South American weather will be a focal point for price direction with dryness in both Argentina and southern Brazil concerning.

March corn may be setting up for a short-term $6.35 to $6.60 per bushel range. The market is looking for a headline and it may have to come from the macro side.

For the week, March corn rallied 9 cents to close at $6.53, July was 7.5 cents higher at $6.48.25, and December 2023 gained 4.5 cents at $5.97.5 per bushel.

The CME will have normal trading hours on Dec. 23 and not reopen until Dec. 27 at 8:30 a.m.

SOYBEANS — Soybeans began the week on a sour note after better-than-expected weekend rain in Argentina. However, as the week progressed, Argentina’s new forecasts turned drier through the end of the month. Southern Brazil is also leaning drier while most of the rest of the country is looking fine. Argentina’s soybean planting is 62 percent com-

plete vs. 68 percent last year and 70 percent on average. Brazil’s soybean planting is 95 percent complete vs. 97 percent last year and 95 percent on average. Soybean prices got help from recoveries in both meal and soyoil markets.

The Rosario Grain Exchange left their soybean production outlook at 48 mmt. The USDA on the December report was at 49.5 mmt. Argentine farmers have sold an estimated 76 percent of last year’s 44 mmt soybean crop. Last year they had sold 73 percent of their old crop by this time. They are in their second go-around with the special soybean exchange rate which lasts through the end of the year.

China’s National Statistics Bureau increased its 2022 soybean production estimate from 19.5 mmt to 20.3 mmt. The USDA is at 18.4 mmt. China’s hog crush margins are weak and Covid cases are increasing, leading to weak soy demand. Their corn production rose from 275.3 mmt to 277.2 mmt. USDA is at 282.3 mmt.

Weekly export sales were huge at 108.2 million bushels and the second-highest of the marketing year. Of this week’s total, 1.24 mmt were to China bringing their total purchases for the year to 24.7 mmt vs. 22.3 mmt last year by this time. Total commitments stand at 1.537 billion bushels and are now 4 percent higher than last year. We need to average just 13.9 million bushels of sales per week to reach the USDA’s 2.045 billion bushel export target. For the last five years, soybean sales from December through August have averaged 18.3 million bushels per week. Based on this history, you might expect the yearly export projection may be raised, but with Brazil’s record bean crop forecast and our uncompetitiveness, it may be too early for that assumption.

The November National Oilseed Processors Association Crush was disappointing at 179.184 million bushels vs. the 181.5 million expected. Soyoil stocks were 1.630 billion pounds compared to the 1.619 billion pounds estimated. Soyoil stocks were the second-highest of the last 10 years.

Outlook: The markets feel like they began holiday mode earlier than usual this year. Farmer selling has been limited since the sharp early week plunge despite prices working their way over halfway back from this week’s low. South American weather will dominate the news as we head into Christmas and option expiration.

For the week, January soybeans fell 3.75 cents to close at $14.80, July was 6.75 cents lower at $14.89.5, and November 2023 was down 9.25 cents at $13.89.25 per bushel.

January options expire on Dec. 23 and the first notice day for January futures is Dec. 30 with longs getting reported after the close on Dec. 29.

Weekly price changes in December wheat for the week ended Dec. 16: Chicago wheat jumped 19.25 cents higher to close at $7.53.5, Kansas City was 11 cents higher at $8.44, and Minneapolis was 8 cents higher at $9.09.5 per bushel.

Information in the above columns is the writer’s opinion. It is no way guaranteed and should not be interpreted as buy/sell advice. Futures trading always involves a certain degree of risk.

PHYLLIS NYSTROM CHS Hedging inC St. Paul

New Farm Bill will include diverse areas of spending

The 2023 crop year will be the final year for the current Farm Bill, which is set to expire on Sept, 30, 2023 — unless there is an extension.

A Farm Bill is one of the most comprehensive pieces of legislation passed by Congress. Passage of a new Farm Bill is very complex, with programs ranging from farm commodity programs to food and nutrition programs, from conservation programs to rural development programs.

FARM PROGRAMS

By Kent Thiesse

MARKETING

CRP acres, as well as for increasing the maximum annual CRP rental rates to incentivize enrollment into the CRP program. The large 2022 Inflation Reduction Act contained several provisions which provided added funding for the Environmental Quality Incentives Program and the Conservation Stewardship Program, which are part of the Conservation Title.

rural development loans to communities and businesses, as well as programs and funding to assist state and local governments with everything from emergency service providers, fire protection, wastewater treatment programs, and more. Special emphasis in the 2018 Farm Bill was provided for expanding broadband service in rural areas of the United States.

In many cases, finalizing a Farm Bill in Congress can be quite controversial, and not necessarily just by political party lines. The Farm Bill programs become quite geographical, with members of Congress wanting to protect the farm, food, conservation, and economic interests of their state or Congressional district.

Following are a few insights on the 12 Titles included in the current Farm Bill:

Title I: Commodities — The Commodity Title includes all commodity farm program payments, marketing assistance loans, and other crop subsidy payments. In the past two Farm Bills, crop producers have had the option to choose between the price-only Price Loss Coverage (PLC) and county yield revenue-based Ag Risk Coverage (ARC-CO) program, which has been an annual choice since the 2020 crop year. Some farm organizations would like to see increased crop reference prices and marketing assistance loan rates, as well as to make some adjustments to the ARC-CO program payment formula. The Dairy Margin Coverage program, which has proved to be quite beneficial for small to medium-sized dairy herds (under 300 cows), was enhanced in the 2018 Fam Bill.

Title II: Conservation — The current Farm Bill set the maximum Conservation Reserve Program acres at 27 million acres, with additional focus on the Grassland Reserve Program. The Farm Bill also set the maximum CRP rental rates at 90 percent of the average Farm Service Agency “prevailing” rental rates for Continuous CRP contracts and at 85 percent for General CRP. There will likely be considerable support for expansion of the maximum

Title III: Trade — This Title includes funding for important agricultural trade promotion programs, such as the Market Access Program, the Foreign Market Development Program, and the Emerging Markets Program. These trade related programs are very important for opening new markets and maintaining existing markets for U.S. ag exports.

Title IV: Nutrition — The Nutrition Title, which includes the SNAP program (food stamps), the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) nutrition program, and school lunch program, will probably be debated more than any other Title during Farm Bill hearings in 2023. The Nutrition Title will likely account for nearly 85 percent of annual federal spending allocated under the next Farm Bill, as opposed to 75 percent in the 2018 Farm Bill. Several billion dollars were added to the Nutrition Title budget base as part of Covid relief legislation and the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act. Some members of Congress would like to separate the Nutrition Title from the Farm Bill. However, ag policy experts warn that funding for ag commodity programs could become much more difficult if SNAP and the other nutrition programs are removed.

Title V: Credit — This Title sets parameters and provides funding for the FSA direct and guaranteed loan programs, which have become quite important to farm operators and ag lenders. The direct FSA farm ownership loans are especially important to provide beginning farmers low interest loans to purchase farmland. Recently, there have been greater efforts to reach underserved farmers and ranchers with the FSA loan programs.

Title VI: Rural Development — This Title reauthorizes funding for

Title VII: Research, Extension and Related Matters — U.S. Department of Agriculture funding for ag research, extension programs, and other food research and education programs through the nation’s Land Grant University system are provided under this Title. Funding for research and education efforts related to organic production and urban agriculture also fall under this Title.

Title VIII: Forestry — This Title reauthorizes and expands USDA collaborative efforts with states for battling forest fires, forestry research and development, insect and disease control, timber management, etc.

Title IX: Energy — This Title provides funding for USDA programs that support the development of biofuels and renewable energy. There may be efforts to expand this Title to include other types of “green energy” programs.

Title X: Horticulture — USDA funding for farmers markets and other local food programs, as well as for the national organic certification program, are provided under this Title. The last Farm Bill legitimized industrial hemp as an agricultural commodity, thus making hemp eligible for crop insurance and other USDA programs. However, this did not affect federal regulations for hemp raised for marijuana production.

Title IX: Crop Insurance — Most crop producers and ag lenders will highlight a sound working crop insur-

ance program through the USDA Risk Management Agency as the centerpiece for a solid risk management plan in a farm operation. Over 95 percent of the corn and soybean acres in the upper Midwest are typically insured by some type of crop insurance coverage, which are subsidized at a rate of 60-65 percent by the federal government. The RMA also offers some insurance products the dairy and livestock producers. Some members of Congress are calling for some changes and modifications to the current programs under this Title, while most farm organizations are lobbying to keep the current program intact. Some livestock organizations would like to see enhancements to RMA programs for livestock production.

Title XII: Miscellaneous — This Title covers provisions and funding for any other USDA programs such as the provision in the last Farm Bill to provide funding for a foot-and-mouth disease vaccine bank.

Both the U.S. Senate and U.S. House Ag Committees held hearings on a new Farm Bill during 2022 and more hearings will likely be planned early in the new Congressional session in 2023. The Congressional leadership has been very committed with plans to have a new Farm Bill completed by Sept. 30, 2023, with very little talk of an extension to the current Farm Bill. Ultimately, there will likely be a compromise reached, and a new five-year Farm Bill will be passed. However, given the political division that currently exists in Congress, a one-year extension of the current Farm Bill is certainly a possibility by the end of 2023.

Kent Thiesse is a government farm programs analyst and a vice president at MinnStar Bank in Lake Crystal, Minn. He may be reached at (507) 7262137 or kent.thiesse@minnstarbank.

com. v

Domestic dairy consumption drops, but exports are up

This column was written for the marketing week ending Dec. 16.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture left its 2022 milk production forecast unchanged in its World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates report, but raised the 2023 estimate slightly, citing higher expected cow numbers and slightly more rapid growth in output per cow.

MIELKE MARKET WEEKLY

Cheese was projected to average $2.11 per pound in 2022, up a penny from last month’s WASDE, and compares to $1.6755 in 2021 and $1.9236 in 2020. The 2023 cheese average was projected at $1.9950, up 2.5 cents from a month ago, but that would be 11.5 cents below the projected 2022 average.

By Lee Mielke

below the anticipated 2022 average.

The dry whey average for 2022 was unchanged at 60.5 cents per pound and the 2023 average was lowered 2 cents to 46.5 cents per pound, 14 cents below the expected 2022 average.

were raised 75 million bushels. The season-average corn price was lowered a dime to $6.70 per bushel. Corn exports were raised for Ukraine but lowered for the United States, Russia, and the EU, according to the WASDE.

The 2022 butter price average was estimated at $2.875 per pound, up 3 cents from a month ago, and compares to $1.7325 in 2021 and $1.5808 in 2020. The 2023 average was projected at $2.465, up a penny from a month ago, but 41 cents below the expected 2022 average.

Nonfat dry milk will average $1.68 in 2022, unchanged from last month’s estimate, and compares to $1.2693 in 2021 and $1.0417 in 2020. The 2023 average was estimated at $1.3750, down 3 cents from a month ago, and would be 30.5 cents

The 2023 Class III milk price was projected to average $19.80 per hundredweight, up 15 cents from last month’s WASDE, but would be $2.15 below what the 2022 average is expected to be.

The 2023 Class IV price was estimated to average $20.10, down 25 cents from last month’s estimate, and would be $4.40 below the anticipated 2022 average.

This month’s corn outlook is for lower exports and greater ending stocks. Exports were lowered 75 million bushels as competition from other exporters and relatively high U.S. prices have resulted in slow sales through early December. Corn ending stocks

Soybean projections were unchanged from last month. Based on a review of the Environmental Protection Agency’s recent proposed rule for renewable fuel obligation targets, soybean oil used for biofuel was reduced 200 million pounds to 11.6 billion. Soybean oil exports were also reduced. With those reductions, food use and ending stocks were raised. The season-average soybean price forecast was unchanged at $14.00 per bushel. Soybean oil was reduced a penny per pound to 68 cents, and the soybean meal price forecast was increased $10.00 to $410 per short ton.

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Speaking of feedstuffs, StoneX Dec. 12 U.S. Dairy Outlook points out that alfalfa in the West is priced at record highs. California was seeing average hay at $370 per ton and Arizona at $340, with high quality prices much higher.

Alfalfa in Wisconsin, on the other hand, is around $169, which is close to the five-year average, says StoneX. “Western prices could decline from their record highs moving forward, but the water situation in parts of the West remains tenuous, which could keep input costs in the region expensive relative to other regions.”

This week’s Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook reported that October alfalfa hay averaged $281 per short ton, $4 higher than September and $62 above October 2021. The five-state weighted-average price for premium alfalfa hay was $348 per short ton, $6 higher than September and $94 higher than October 2021.

The Outlook reflected milk price and production projections in the Dec. 9 WASDE and reported, “Dairy cow slaughter has been active and has been in line with 2021 for the past couple of weeks.”

The Outlook stated the National Restaurant Association reported restaurant activity from January to October was below 2021 levels.

“Nevertheless, the restaurant performance index has been above 100 points, showing an expansion that may boost domestic use for dairy products for the rest of 2022 and 2023.”

Answers located in Classified Section

Things are looking a little better for consumers. The Consumer Price Index fell for a second month,

Buyers are still finding value at current prices

from 7.7 to 7.1 percent. Core inflation fell in November from 6.3 to 6.0 percent, which is the best reading on inflation since December 2021, according to StoneX, but with one sticking point: Rents were up 7.1 percent year-over-year and accounted for almost half the total increase in Core Inflation.

Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve raised its interest rate a half-point this week, which was slightly less than previous raises. However, the rate is at the highest level in 15 years.

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Dairy product consumption in October was a “mixed bag,” according to HighGround Dairy’s Lucas Fuess in the Dec. 19 “Dairy Radio Now” broadcast.

Cheese disappearance totaled 1.22 billion pounds, up 2.4 percent from October 2021, third month in a row to top that of a year ago, though Fuess said the

gain weakened slightly from September’s growth. Year-to-date consumption was up 2.1 percent. U.S. cheese exports, at 81.4 million pounds, were up 4.5 percent.

Butter disappearance totaled 199.9 million pounds, down 8 percent from a year ago, pulled lower by an 11.3 percent drop in domestic consumption, though exports were up 61.9 percent, the strongest of any month since 2014. October was the third consecutive month total butter utilization was below a year ago however and HighGround Dairy points out it was the lowest October utilization since 2017.

Nonfat dry milk-skim milk powder disappearance amounted to 208.5 million pounds, down 12.8 percent. Domestic usage was down 49.4 percent while exports were up 10.6 percent — the first year-overyear gain since November 2021, according to HighGround Dairy.

Dry whey utilization totaled 76.3 million pounds,

Examine your end of year records

The end of the year usually means a time for the holidays with family and friends. For a dairy operation, the end of the year is a good time to look over your records and see if some changes can be made to strengthen your operation. It is also a time to look reflect on recent changes. What has worked well on your farm and what has not? The following is a list of tasks that can be done at the end or beginning of the year.

Take an accurate feed inventory — Feed is the largest single expense on any dairy operation, especially considering current commodity prices. By taking an accurate feed inventory at the beginning of each year, a decision can be made regarding what you may need to buy in the future. This kind of preparation gives you a good benchmark to compare year to year. An example of how this could help is if your corn silage is already half gone. We have a long way to go until the next corn silage harvest and you may have to start thinking about future ration changes and how to source quality forages.

Collect an accurate animal inventory — Both banks and farmers appreciate accurate numbers for what animals are on your farm. This is a great tool to evaluate stocking density and farm facilities. You can also look at your calf program and the number of calves that may have died this year. If the number is larger than expected, you can work with your veterinarian to determine why and look for ways to improve.

Review cull cow records — There are a few things that can be evaluated with your cull cow records. A good place to start is determining why cows left your herd. These records can also show you the stage of lactation when cows are leaving the herd. If most of your cows are leaving about 30 days after

calving, you would want to evaluate your dry cow or transition program for ways to improve.

Evaluate your yearly somatic cell records — Somatic cell records are a useful tool to control mastitis in your herd. Look for months with higher incidences of mastitis cases and strategized with your farm team ways to improve. If a majority of your cows have fresh cow mastitis, you can look at your dry cow treatments as well as your farm’s dry cow protocol. Now is a great time to identify these priorities and take steps to control your overall somatic cell count.

MIELKE, from pg. 16 See MIELKE, pg. 18

Assess your overall herd health — Did you have a high number of displaced abomasums? What about issues with bronchitis in your calves? Winter is a good time to look at these systemic issues and identify ways to set them on the right path.

This article was submitted by University of Minnesota Extension. v

down 4.5 percent from a year ago, though, like nonfat dry milk, exports were strong, up 20 percent from a year ago, as Chinese demand for dry whey has returned, according to Fuess.

The demand picture in next month’s report will be interesting, Fuess concluded, as U.S. milk production growth will not bow well for milk price increases in 2023.

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The Dec. 13 Global Dairy Trade Pulse, auction number 11, saw 2.1 million pounds of Fonterra whole milk powder sold, down 38 million pounds from the last Pulse and down 0.3 percent or $10 per metric ton from the Dec. 6 GDT event.

HighGround Dairy says, “Buyers are still finding value at this current price point following the slight strength that materialized at last week’s main GDT auction.”

Eyes will be on Chicago Mercantile Exchange powder in the coming days after Fonterra increased its forecast total over quantity for skim milk powder for the next 12 months by 21.2 million pounds between January and April. The upcoming event offering was increased by almost 816,000 pounds.

Cooperatives Working Together member cooperatives accepted two offers of export assistance this week from CWT that helped capture sales contracts for 1.2 million pounds of American-type cheese. The product is going to customers in Central America and Oceania from January through May 2023.

CWT-assisted exports to date total 93.3 million pounds of American-type cheeses, 657,000 pounds of butter, 30.7 million pounds of whole milk powder, and 8.8 million pounds of cream cheese. The products are going to 21 countries and are the equivalent of 1.168 billion pounds of milk on a milkfat basis.

Ukranian milk output down 100,000 tons from last year

MIELKE, from pg. 17

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More details were announced Dec. 12 on the USDA’s solicitation of the Special Supplemental Nutrition program for Women, Infants, and Children. A total of 8.56 million pounds of natural cheddar was awarded to three different vendors, with delivery between March and September 2023 or about a 1.22 million pound average per month. No process cheese or fluid milk was awarded.

HighGround Dairy says, “USDA awarded far more than the 2.1 million pounds of natural and process cheese in the original solicitation, but with just 1.22 million pounds per month, it equates to about 30 truckloads per month. The bigger news was that the fluid milk solicitation was canceled, meaning USDA will focus its efforts on their normal fluid purchasing programs for the upcoming year.”

“This news should have little impact on the current trend of the market,” says HighGround Dairy, “though it may create disruptions depending on USDA’s order patterns.”

Mid-December cheese prices headed sharply lower and butter oscillated, as traders awaited the November Milk Production report on Dec. 19.

The cheddar blocks plunged to $1.9775 per pound on Dec. 16, the lowest since Nov. 1. This is down 11.75 cents on the week but still 9 cents above a year ago.

The barrels saw their Dec. 16 finish at $1.74, 21 cents lower on the week, lowest since Jan. 27, 11 cents above a year ago, and 23.75 cents below the blocks. CME sales for the week included four carloads of block and seven of barrel.

StoneX says, “Buyers are just not banging down doors looking for fresh loads of cheese here in midDecember. And then we have the appearance of a well-supplied barrel market.”

Central cheese sales are seasonally steady, accord-

ing to Dairy Market News, with moderate to busy production reported. Milk is plentiful with spot loads priced as much as $6 under Class, with some at Class. Barrel production is busier, as some cheesemakers report sales at slight premiums. Some cheddar and Italian-style cheesemakers report “somewhat tight inventories for the rest of the year.”

Retail and food service demand for cheese is steady in the West. Export demand is mixed. Lower prices for internationally produced cheese is contributing to softer demand, while strong demand remains from Asian purchasers. Contacts report that block loads are selling more quickly while barrel inventories are growing. Milk is available for strong regional cheese production however labor shortages and delayed deliveries of supplies continues to limit output of some.

n

Spot butter started the week falling 11.25 cents to $2.70 per pound (the lowest since Nov. 3), but then reversed direction and ended Dec. 16 at $2.855. This is up 4.25 cents on the week and 76.25 cents above a year ago, putting 23 sales on the board.

Butter producers report slowing demand, as retail customers have their holiday ordering met. Food service demand has also seasonally slowed, says Dairy Market News, “Particularly as butter prices remain above where some were expecting them to be this late in the year.”

Cream availability is mixed. Some plants are full and not entertaining spot offers while others say cream availability is steady with previous weeks. Churning remains very busy and plant managers expect to churn as much butter as possible despite the holidays.

Demand for cream is steady to lighter in the West. Cream multiples have moved lower in the region amid softer demand and strong availability. Butter makers are running busy schedules, though some say tanker and labor shortages continue to keep them operating below capacity. Demand for butter is softening in retail markets, as customers have filled holiday needs. Food service demand is steady. Spot purchasers report butter loads are becoming more available, says Dairy Market News, though unsalted butter inventories remain tighter than salted. Some players anticipate that butter prices will slip lower

into the New Year; thus causing some buyers to limit their orders.

Grade A nonfat dry milk fell to $1.34 per pound on Dec. 14 (the lowest since Sept. 16, 2021), but closed Dec. 16 at $1.35. This is down 1.5 cents on the week and 32.75 cents below a year ago, with 14 sales reported.

Dry whey closed the week at 45.5 cents per pound, 2 cents higher, but 27.5 cents below a year ago, with four loads exchanging hands at the CME.

Dairy Market News says, “Online sources say August milk production in Ukraine was approximately 711,000 tons, compared to 845,000 in August 2021. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has disrupted normal dairy business activities and the recent missile attacks left numerous processing facilities without power.”

“The Ukrainian agricultural ministry, as of Dec. 1, reported the 2022 Ukraine grain harvest is approximately 85 percent complete for a total of 41.9 million tons. Ukraine has been able to export 17.2 million tons of grain so far in the 2022-23 grain season, down 31.9 percent from a year ago.” n

Looking down under, Dairy Market News reports, “New Zealand’s dairy industry resilience has been tested in recent months. The country has seen slow pasture growth in most dairy regions this production season. New Zealand’s dairy exports have seen a rise, due to the build-up of inventory caused by Covid-19 and China interruptions in earlier months. Meanwhile, with the weak New Zealand dollar and falloffs from key dairy exporting regions, the industry now expects the country’s export revenue to climb 6 percent to a record high $23.3 billion in the 2022-23 season.”

Australia continues to lag last year’s milk output. Rain soaked fields in the Eastern states have impacted the wheat quality, prompting downgraded yields and could lead to market flooding of devalued feed grade grain, says Dairy Market News.

Lee Mielke is a syndicated columnist who resides in Everson, Wash. His weekly column is featured in newspapers across the country and he may be reached at lkmielke@juno.com. v

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Potential buyer shall submit a sealed bid with “HARDEL FAMILY FARM” identified on the outside of the envelope, accompanied by a certified check in the amount of $10,000. The check should be made payable to Anderson & Skubitz Trust Account and submitted to John Skubitz of Anderson & Skubitz, PLLC, 108 S. Main St, Le Sueur, MN 56058. The bids and checks shall be received by 10:00 a.m. on January 5th, 2023. Checks for unsuccessful bidders shall be returned at the conclusion of the auction. The bids shall be opened at the law firm of Anderson & Skubitz, PLLC (see address below) at 10:00 a.m. on January 5, 2023. All bidders will be identified and have a chance to raise their bids. The successful bidder will be required to execute a purchase agreement at the completion of the bidding. This property is being sold in an “AS IS” condition. Buyer will receive possession of the property at the time of closing. Seller reserves the right to reject any and all bids. Seller reserves the right to establish a minimum starting bid upon commencement of the bidding process. Additional information may be requested by contacting: John M. Skubitz

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WANTED: Land & farms. I have clients looking for dairy, & cash grain operations, as well as bare land parcels from 40-1000 acres. Both for relocation & investments. If you have even thought about selling contact: Paul Krueger, Farm & Land Specialist, Edina Realty, 138 Main St. W., New Prague, MN 55372.

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Feed Seed Hay

Alfalfa, mixed hay grass hay & wheat straw. Medium squares or round bales. Delivery available. Call or text LeRoy Ose 218-689-6675

FOR SALE: Large round bales baleage, fairly dry, 1st through 4th crop, feed test and delivery available. Jim Vermilya, 507-254-4807 or 507-951-3201 Dover MN.

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Harvesting Equip

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Wanted

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The oddity of a Gravity Hill

Optical illusions. Because reality isn’t bizarre enough, right? Some seek the understanding behind the images and others are happy to embrace the unknown without reason. The best artists can truly baffle.

To physically take part in an optical illusion, it seems, is a lesser experienced phenomenon. But such an opportunity exists in the form of gravity hills, and Minnesota is home to exactly one. A gravity hill exists when the area’s terrain alters the horizon and creates the optical illusion that a downhill slope appears to be uphill. So when a car is in neutral at what appears to be the downward slope of the hill, the passengers will feel they are being pulled uphill.

According to Wikipedia’s listing, there are under 200 known gravity hills around the world. Minnesota’s sole gravity hill is located outside of Watkins, Minn. in Meeker County. (There are zero listed in Iowa.)

The general address provided for Minnesota’s gravity hill is the intersection of 330 St. and 660 Ave. outside of Watkins. The actual place to conduct the experiment, though, (while being mindful of traffic) is on 660 Ave., about a hundred feet or so south of the 330 St. intersection.

Without knowing about a gravity hill, I would have driven past the location completely unaware that something remarkable was there. As it was, we were actively pursuing the site, and still drove obliviously over it the first time. If it wasn’t for a friend who had already visited the location (thanks, Emily!) and a helpful comment noted on a Minnesota Haunted website (more on that later), it would have been a disappointing trip. “Hill” is a generous term for what is more like a slope or an incline. But sure enough, once our car was in neutral facing toward 330 St., instead of rolling forward and descending downhill, we began moving backward and, what felt and looked like, ascending uphill!

I took video and photos while inside the car, and also while standing in front of the car, to the side of the car, and several hundred feet away on a bend of the road. In each direction, it certainly looked to me that gravity was being defied. (For a video of my experience, visit The Land’s Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram pages.)

My husband and I studied the pictures in an attempt to find the culprit behind the trick of the mind. We’re no experts on the matter, but in agree-

ment with the online explanations, our guess is that the angles of the landscape both in front of and behind the stretch of road create the optical illusion.

While scientific explanations have reasoned the existence of gravity hills, some believe there is something supernatural going on. This Minnesota location is documented both on hauntedplaces.org and minnesotahauntedhouses.com, and visitors have reported their experiences on the websites.

If this specific stretch of land is, in fact, haunted and the criteria to be met for active haunting to commence is that passersby must be in a vehicle and said

Meeker County

vehicle must be placed in neutral and then the sole consequence is that your vehicle moves backward, it seems to me the ghost is likely pretty mild-mannered (and extremely specific).

I would have liked to ask the man walking alongside the road for his opinion, but as I was about to roll the window down, my husband said there was no man on the road. Just kidding, he saw the guy, too, but didn’t want to be “one of those tourists.” When I turned toward the man again, he was … still there. Still there and just getting the mail. v

This week’s Back Roads is the work of The Land Staff Writer Laura Cole.

Tuesday, Jan. 17

8:00 a.m. Large Equipment Move In

Noon Exhibitor Set Up

Noon Nitrogen Smart Session 1

2:00 p.m. MARL Board Meeting

3:00 p.m. Nitrogen Smart Session 2

5:00 p.m. Corn Board Meeting

6:00 p.m. Hospitality Rooms Open

Thursday, Jan. 19

All day MARL Workshop

6:30 a.m. Registration Opens

7 a.m. MCGA PAC Breakfast

7:30 a.m. Early Riser Session

9:00 a.m. MSGA Annual Meeting

9:00 a.m. Trade Show Opens

9:00 a.m. CPR Training

10:00 a.m. MN Ag in the Classroom Hands-on Learning Session

Wednesday, Jan. 18

All day MARL Workshop

7:30 a.m. Booth Setup

7:30 a.m. Registration Opens

8:00 a.m. Learning Session 1 - Carbon Credit Update

9:00 a.m. MCGA Annual Meeting

9:00 a.m. Trade Show Opens

9:00 a.m. CPR Training

10:00 a.m. MN Ag in the Classroom Hands-on Learning Session

Noon Lunch

Noon Linder Farm Network Live Show

1:00 p.m. Learning Session 2 - Making Your Nitrogen Go Further

2:30 p.m. Afternoon Keynote Panel - Animal Ag Panel

3:30 p.m. Trade Show Reception

4:00 p.m. Trade Show Closes

4:00 p.m. MCGA Silent Auction and Reception

5:30 p.m. Dinner

7:00 p.m. MSGA Expo After Hours: Sports Carnival

11:00 a.m. Learning Session 3 - Watershed Restoration Noon Lunch

12:30 p.m. Lunch Keynote - Marissa Nehlsen

2:00 p.m. Learning Session 4 - 2023 Farm Bill Panel

3:00 p.m. Trade Show Closes

Marrisa Nehlsen

Marissa Nehlsen is arriving to this year’s MN AG EXPO with a goal. The financial expert, who specializes in ag clients, wants to help farmers ease their tax burden on the road to financial prosperity. Nehlsen, CEO of Freedom Financial Group, will offer the agricultural industry her expert advice on how farmers can better manage their finances as part of her keynote address.

The agenda is subject to change and will be regularly updated on the MN AG EXPO website. Stay up-to-date and register today by visiting mnagexpo.com.

Carbon Credit Update

Carbon sequestration is a hot topic in agriculture. Leading experts will discuss the benefits and break down concerns surrounding storing carbon and how farmers can potentially get paid for carbon credits.

2023 Farm Bill Panel

With the current Farm Bill expiring in September 2023, commodity groups have spent more than a year conducting learning sessions, developing priorities and meeting with lawmakers and USDA officials. This panel will bring leaders from across agriculture to discuss the policies they wish to see included in the Farm Bill.

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Big things are underway for the Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council. Stop by our booth at this year's MN AG EXPO in Mankato to learn about our new partnership to promote soy-based products across the state.