theleaven.com | vol. 34, no. 29 | march 8, 2013
At the crossroads of history and mystery
Conclave
March 8, 2013
Life will be victorious
Successor of Peter guards us from faith by majority rule
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hat a unique moment in the life of the church! We have the first pope emeritus in 600 years. I heard one of the commentators on Catholic Radio observe: “We are popeless, but not hopeless!” Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI was the consummate teacher right up to the conclusion of his papacy. The catechesis that he gave at his final audience on Feb. 27 was extraordinary, as he attempted to focus our attention on the fidelity of Jesus. The pope recalled the words in his heart on the day of his election: “Lord, what do you ask of me? It is a great weight that you are placing on my shoulders but, if you ask it of me, I will cast my nets at your command, confident that you will guide me, even with all my weaknesses. And eight years later, I can say the Lord has guided me. He has been close to me.” The pope remembered beautiful and exhilarating times, as well as difficult and stormy ones; but constant in every season, Jesus was faithfully beside him. The pope reminisced: “I felt like St. Peter and the apostles in the boat on the Sea of Galilee. The Lord has given us many days of sunshine and light breezes, days when the fishing was plentiful, but also times when the water was rough and the winds against us, just as throughout the whole history of the church, when the Lord seemed to be sleeping. But I always knew that the Lord is in that boat and I always knew that the boat of the church is not mine, not ours, but is his. And the Lord will not let her sink.” The pope spoke candidly about how touched he was by the many kind expressions of prayerful support
archbishop Joseph F. Naumann that he received from people around the world: “The pope belongs to everyone and many people feel very close to him. It’s true that I receive letters from the world’s notables — from heads of states, from religious leaders, from representatives of the world of culture, etc. But I also receive many letters from ordinary people who write to me simply from their hearts and make me feel their affection, which is born of our being together with Christ Jesus, in the church. These people do not write to me the way one would write, for example, to a prince or a dignitary that they don’t know. They write to me as brothers and sisters or as sons and daughters, with the sense of a very affectionate family tie. In this you can touch what the
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choices. Finally, in making this monumental decision, the pope said that he sought to be guided not by what was good for him, but what was good for the church. Again, he recalled his thoughts eight years ago when he had just been elected: “The gravity of the decision lay precisely in the fact that, from that moment on, I was always and for always engaged by the Lord. Always — whoever assumes the Petrine ministry no longer has any privacy. He belongs always and entirely to everyone, to the whole church. His life, so to speak, is totally deprived of its private dimension.” The Holy Father wanted to make clear that he did not view his resignation as a vehicle for him now to return to a private life. Pope Benedict told the attentive throng in St. Peter’s Square: “Always is also forever — there is no return to private life. My decision to renounce the active exercise of the ministry does not revoke this. I am not returning to private life, to a life of trips, meetings, receptions, conferences, etc. I am not abandoning the cross, but am remaining beside the crucified Lord in a new way.” Being pope is not primarily about exercising authority. Recall what Jesus said to the apostles when they got into an argument about who was most important: “You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and the great ones make their authority felt. But it shall not be so among you. Rather, whoever wishes to be great among you shall be your servant; whoever wishes to be first among you shall be your slave. Just so, the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many” (Mt 20: 25-28). It is interesting to listen to the secular media’s conversation about the pope’s abdication and who will be selected to succeed him. Their analysis is more suited to an American political election. They are always looking for different factions vying for control. They theorize as to whether the new pope will change fundamental moral
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI was the consummate teacher right up to the conclusion of his papacy. The catechesis that he gave at his final audience on Feb. 27 was extraordinary, as he attempted to focus our attention on the fidelity of Jesus.
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church is — not an organization, not an association for religious or humanitarian ends, but a living body, a communion of brothers and sisters in the body of Jesus Christ who unites us all.” Pope Benedict confided that the decision to resign was one to which he had devoted much time and thought. The Holy Father said that he was fully aware of the seriousness as well as the newness of this step. He acknowledged that his strength had diminished. The now pope emeritus stated that leading the church sometimes involves difficult
Publication No. (ISSN0194-9799) President: Most Reverend Joseph F. Naumann
calendar
Priests Personnel meeting
archbishop
Naumann
Confirmation for Atchison parishes — St. Benedict’s Abbey
March 8 Conception Seminary board meeting
March 20 Presbyteral Council meeting
March 9 Conception Seminary board meeting March 10 Pastoral visit — Christ the King, Topeka March 13 Mass and breakfast with Benedictine College and Kansas University Fellowship of Catholic University Students March 14 Confirmation — St. Michael the Archangel, Leawood March 15 Bishop Miege High School eucharistic adoration March 16 Mass and groundbreaking of Family Formation Center — Mother Teresa of Calcutta, Topeka March 17 Pastoral visit — Christ the King, Kansas City, Kan. Blessing of Abbot James Albers — St. Benedict’s Abbey, Atchison March 18 “Shepherd’s Voice” recording Confirmation — Most Pure Heart of Mary, Topeka March 19 Administrative Team meeting
and doctrinal teachings, as if he could. The pope and bishops, for that matter, are not chosen to invent new doctrines or teachings or, even worse, to harmonize the Gospel with what is trendy with the popular culture. The pope and bishops are required to exercise an authority, but it is an authority to guard and protect the teachings of Jesus and his apostles as they have been faithfully handed down for 2,000 years. While we can find much to admire and emulate in individual Protestant Christians regarding their personal prayer life, their fidelity to meditating on the Bible, and their striving to live the virtuous life, we see in the mainline Protestant church-
Editor Reverend Mark Goldasich, stl frmark@theleaven.com
Production Manager Todd Habiger todd@theleaven.com
Reporter Jessica Langdon jessica@theleaven.com
Managing Editor Anita McSorley anita@theleaven.com
Senior Reporter Joe Bollig joe@theleaven.com
Advertising Coordinator Julie Holthaus julie@theleaven.com
March 21 Mass for Maur Hill-Mount Academy and Atchison Catholic Elementary schools — St. Benedict’s Parish Catholic Education Foundation meeting “Trust One Greater,” adoration and catechesis for young adults — Benedictine College
archbishop
keleher March 9 Confirmation — St. Agnes, Roeland Park March 12 Faith Initiative lecture March 13 Federal prison Mass March 14 Confirmation — St. Michael the Archangel, Leawood March 16 Pro-Life Mass and walk — Sts. Cyril & Methodius, Kansas City, Kan. March 17 Confessions —Curé of Ars, Leawood March 18 Confessions — St. Michael the Archangel, Leawood
es an abandonment of clear biblical teaching when it does not coincide with the popular culture. Without a clear teaching authority, everyone becomes their own pope. Divisions continue to multiply and moral or doctrinal truths are subject to majority rule. Thank God for giving the church the successor of Peter to guard its doctrinal integrity and protect it from constant disunity. Let us pray for the one soon to be chosen to be the next successor of Peter that he will have the generosity to accept the heavy responsibility of shepherding the universal church and the willingness to lose his life so that he can belong to everyone.
Published weekly September through May, excepting the Friday the week after Thanksgiving, and the Friday after Christmas; biweekly June through August. Address communications to: The Leaven, 12615 Parallel Pkwy., Kansas City, KS 66109. Phone: (913) 721-1570; fax: (913) 721-5276; or e-mail at: sub@theleaven.com. Postmaster: Send address changes to The Leaven, 12615 Parallel Pkwy., Kansas City, KS 66109. For change of address, provide old and new address and parish. Subscriptions $18/year. Periodicals postage paid at Kansas City, KS 66109.
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‘Set the tone’
Conclaves: Vatican Library official shares interesting, strange facts By Cindy Wooden Catholic News Service
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Archbishop Naumann lays out the qualities he would like to see in the next leader of the Catholic Church
By Joe Bollig Leaven staff
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ANSAS CITY, Kan. — What matters most when electing a pope? Theological brilliance? Administrative acumen? Pastoral experience? Linguistic skill? All those are good and useful, said Archbishop Joseph F. Naumann, but he has two other things at the top of his list. “I’d say personal integrity and holiness,” said the archbishop. “And I think those are much more important things than administrative skills.” Administrative skill, of course, is beneficial. It is not, however, the same thing as having great leadership skills. The next pope must be a leader. “[The new pope] will have to be able to inspire and lead the whole church to be what we’re called to be,” said Archbishop Naumann. “I think particularly with this [new] pope coming on the heels of the synod on the new evangelization and the current state in Europe and the United States,” he continued, “I think this new pope needs to be prepared to lead the church in this effort that both John Paul II and Benedict XVI called the new evangelization.” Each cardinal who comes to the conclave is a product of his own experience, and the baggage he carries with him includes his individual concerns and the concerns of the church in his corner of the world. For Europeans and North Americans, it might be the corrosive effects of secularized modern culture. For Central and Latin Americans, it might be aggressive proselytism by a swarm of Protestant sects. For Africans, it might be how to deal with the explosive growth of the church and the challenges of persecution. But no matter where they come from, the bottom line for all the cardinals is the challenge of fulfilling the basic mission it was given by Jesus Christ: to make disciples of all nations. That’s what they’re looking for in the new pope — someone up to that challenge. “[The new pope] needs to be a man who can articulate the faith well and in a convincing manner to the world, and to help us as a church to go about the essential mission of making disciples, not just sustaining the church,” said Archbishop Naumann. Holiness, integrity and leadership ability are at the top of the archbishop’s list. Other things are useful and good, but second- or third-tier. For instance, a knowledge of Islam would be helpful, but isn’t necessary. A command of languages is also useful, but is trumped by personal holiness. Administrative skill is good, but it is more important that the future pope
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Archbishop Joseph F. Naumann has met a few of the names being tossed about as papabili, including Cardinal Christoph Schonborn of Austria (right). has the ability to select subordinates who are good administrators. “I think [the new pope] has to set the tone for leadership, as John Paul II did in so many ways,” he said. “I think Benedict was able to do that in his own way — which, in the end, affects the leadership style of those around him. I don’t know if that’s the biggest need — to reorganize the flow chart of the Curia.” Some try to pit pastoral experience against curial experience, but that’s a false dichotomy, he said. Plenty of great popes have had both. “I don’t think that necessarily means that someone has to be a diocesan bishop or have vast experience in the Curia,” said Archbishop Naumann. “The question is who is the best leader at this moment who can articulate what the church believes and teaches to the world,” he said, “and who can inspire and motivate Catholics to live their faith with a passion and fidelity.’” In other words, the new pope must be a teacher — like his predecessors Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI. “I think that role is irreplaceable,” said the archbishop. “He needs to be a compelling teacher of the faith. And so, I think we need another great teacher.” Any of the cardinals could be selected as pope, but among them are top contenders, called by the Italians “papabili.” Archbishop Naumann has had the opportunity to meet some of them. He has a lot of affection and admiration for Cardinal Christoph Schonborn of Austria, who he met through the local foundation of the Community of the Lamb. He also had an opportunity to visit Cardinal Angelo Scola, through his associations with the Apostles of the Interior Life. During a retreat given
“The question is who is the best leader at this moment who can articulate what the church believes and teaches to the world.”
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for American bishops, he met Cardinal Marc Ouellet, formerly archbishop of Quebec, Canada, and now prefect of the Congregation for Bishops and president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America. And, of course, he’s had the occasion to meet the American cardinals more than once. “It’s fun to imagine Cardinal Timothy Dolan as pope, because I knew him when we were in high school and college together,” said Archbishop Naumann. “It’s amazing to think of someone in a position to become pope someday that you knew during his formative years,” he continued. “Of course, Cardinal Dolan was as he is today — gregarious and charming, and very insightful. It would be thrilling to see him as pope.” One of his other favorite Americans is Cardinal Sean O’Malley, OFM Cap., from Boston. “I think Cardinal O’Malley is an extraordinarily talented, gifted and holy bishop,” said Archbishop Naumann. “I think he’d make a tremendous leader.” But, could an American become pope? Highly unlikely, he said. Unlike many, Archbishop Naumann won’t be glued to the television during the conclave or during the “smoke watch.” He does, however, look forward to the gift that the Holy Spirit is about to give to the church. “At this point, the best thing I think I can do is continue in my pastoral responsibilities,” he said. “They give me enough to think about without trying to speculate about who might vote for whom in the conclave.” “This will be the seventh pope in my lifetime,” he concluded, “and each of them has been a tremendous blessing to the church. “I trust that the Holy Spirit will raise up the right individual at this moment to build on the tremendous legacy of leadership of Pope Benedict, Pope John Paul II, Pope Paul VI, and Pope John XXIII.”
ATICAN CITY (CNS) — Ambrogio Piazzoni, vice prefect of the Vatican Library and author of the book, “History of Papal Elections,” shared facts and curiosities with journalists at the Vatican Feb. 20: • The upcoming conclave to elect a successor to Pope Benedict XVI “will be, technically speaking, the 75th conclave” in the history of the church, he said. He dates the conclaves — elections conducted while the cardinal-electors were closed off in a room — to Pope Boniface VIII, who was elected in 1295 and inserted the conclave rules into the Code of Canon Law. • During World War II, Pope Pius XII, like several of his predecessors who were popes in times of war, left a document informing the College of Cardinals that if he were taken prisoner, he was no longer to be considered the pope, so the cardinals were to hold a conclave and elect a new pontiff. • Pope Gregory XV, elected in 1621, was the last pope to be elected by “spontaneous acclamation” when all the cardinals, believed to be acting under the influence of the Holy Spirit, proclaim the same candidate to be pope. Piazzoni said almost immediately after taking office, Pope Gregory changed the Pope Gregory XV conclave rules to require that such a “spontaneous acclamation” be confirmed immediately with a written ballot in the conclave. He also was first to rule that the cardinals must cast their votes secretly, in writing, rather than verbally. • Election by acclamation is no longer considered valid, nor is the “election by compromise” in which the cardinals, after a stalemate, unanimously decide to choose a few of their members and delegate to them the power to elect a pope. The last pope elected with that method, Piazzoni said, was Pope Clement IV in 1265 who was elected by two cardinals. • Pope Paul VI was the pope who clarified the exact moment when a candidate becomes pope: It is the moment he accepts his election, as long as he previously had been ordained a bishop. If the cardinals choose someone who has never been ordained a bishop, the ordination takes place immediately, then the election as pope becomes valid. • When Blessed Gregory X was elected by a cardinals’ meeting in Viterbo, Italy, in 1271, he was not present and he was not even a priest yet. • Pope Nicholas II, who served in 1059Blessed Gregory X 61, was the pope who ruled that only cardinals were eligible to vote to elect a pope. • “To put an end to discord” created when two or more candidates received a similar number of votes, Pope Alexander II in 1169 established the rule that a candidate must receive a two-thirds majority to be elected. • Pope John Paul II was the first pope to specify that a conclave must take place in the Sistine Chapel. Previous popes recommended the chapel, but throughout history the conclaves have been held in a variety of churches in Rome and elsewhere.
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By Cindy Wooden Catholic News Service The cardinal-electors process into the chapel chanting “Come, Holy Spirit,” invoking divine help with their decision.
During the conclave, cardinals stay in the Domus Sanctae Marthae, a hospitality residence on the edge of Vatican City. They take short bus rides or walk to their twicedaily voting sessions.
Sistine Chapel
Placing a hand on the Gospels, each one swears to uphold the rules and secrecy of the conclave. Any communication with people outside is forbidden. They may not receive messages or news. Cardinals under the age of 80 may vote in the conclave. There are 115 cardinal-electors this time.
How long will it last? The last six conclaves lasted only a few days. POPE
Ballots and voting Votes are handwritten and cast individually into special urns. The top of the ballot reads, “Eligo in Summum Pontificem” (“I elect as the most high pontiff”). Ballots are counted by three “scrutineers.” The work is checked by three “revisers.” The ballot counters and verifiers are chosen by lot at the start of the conclave. One round of voting is expected the first day. Each day after, two votes are taken in the morning and two votes in the afternoon until a successful vote. A two-thirds majority is required to elect the new pope.
Smoke and stove A chimney is installed on the roof of the Sistine Chapel for the conclave. In the back corner of the chapel, a stove is set to burn ballots and related papers, including notes taken by the electors, each morning and afternoon. If balloting is not successful, the smoke burns black with the help of an added chemical. If balloting is successful, a chemical is added to produce the celebratory white smoke — the signal that the church has a new pope.
DAYS BALLOTS
Benedict XVI
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4
John Paul II
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8
John Paul I
1
4
Paul VI
2
6
John XXIII
3
11
Pius XII
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3
“Habemus Papam” The elected cardinal is asked if he accepts the election as pope. If he accepts, he chooses the name he will take. From the central balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica, the senior cardinal deacon proclaims, “Habemus Papam!” (”We have a pope!”), and announces his name. The new pontiff appears on the balcony and imparts his first papal blessing.
Vatican guesthouse offers cardinals privacy, relaxed comfort By Cindy Wooden Catholic News Service
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ATICAN CITY (CNS) — When they are not in the Sistine Chapel, seated under Michelangelo’s frescoes to vote for the next pope, the cardinal- electors will stay in a modern guesthouse that offers them both privacy and space to gather for relaxed conversation. The Domus Sanctae Marthae, a hospitality residence named after St. Martha, lies on the edge of Vatican City. Most of the cardinals will take short bus rides to the Sistine Chapel for their twice-daily voting sessions, although during the 2005 conclave, some cardinals insisted on walking — under the protective gaze of Vatican security — behind St. Peter’s Basilica and into the chapel. The five-story residence was built in 1996 and normally houses clerical and lay guests attending Vatican conferences and events. But for the conclave, its 131 rooms will be cleared out, and the cardinals will move in. The Domus is just inside the Vatican walls, and its upper floors can be
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Canonist explains ‘rigid, highly formal’ rules for electing a pope
The world watches with interest as cardinals gather in conclave — literally under lock and key — to elect the next pope. The rarity of the event, the ceremony and secrecy add to the intrigue.
Cardinal-electors
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Rules of engagement
Inside the conclave
The centuries-old chapel adorned with Michelangelo’s frescoes has been the site of every papal election since 1878. Its marble floor is covered with wood. The windows and doors are shut as the Master of Papal Liturgical Ceremonies exclaims, “Extra omnes!” (“Everybody else, out!”) A sweep is performed for electronic devices.
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CNS photo/Paul Haring
The Domus Sanctae Marthae, the residence where cardinal-electors will rest during the conclave, is pictured at the Vatican Feb. 19. seen by Rome apartment buildings; for the 2005 conclave, the shutters on the windows were locked to ensure no one could see in. Of course, that also meant the cardinals could not see out. The building will be off-limits to “unauthorized persons” during the
conclave, but staff will be needed to cook and clean. Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, who serves as the camerlengo or chamberlain, and three cardinal assistants are required to vet the personnel. Like the cardinals, staff members are required to take an oath of silence,
promising “absolute and perpetual secrecy” regarding anything related to the election. They also must “promise and swear to refrain from using any audio or video equipment capable of recording anything which takes place during the period of the election within Vatican City.” When they come in and out of the residence, the cardinals will pass a bronze bust of Blessed John Paul II, who decided in 1996 that the conclave cardinals should have decent quarters. Previously, the cardinals slept on cots in small, stuffy rooms next door to the Sistine Chapel. While the Domus offers relative comfort, it is not a luxury hotel. The building has 105 two-room suites and 26 singles. Each suite has a sitting room with a desk, three chairs, a cabinet and large closet; a bedroom with dresser, night table and clothes stand; and a private bathroom with a shower. The rooms all have telephones, but the cardinals are prohibited from using them to phone anyone outside the conclave. The international satellite television system will be disconnected for the duration.
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ATICAN CITY (CNS) — The voting by cardinals to elect the next pope takes place behind the locked doors of the Sistine Chapel, following a highly detailed procedure that underwent major revisions by Blessed John Paul II and a small, but very significant change, by Pope Benedict XVI. Under the rules, secret ballots can be cast once on the first day of the conclave, then normally twice during each subsequent morning and evening session. Except for periodic pauses, the voting continues until a new pontiff is elected with at least two-thirds of the votes. Bishop Juan Ignacio Arrieta, secretary of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts, reviewed the rules with reporters at the Vatican Feb. 22. The written rules for the conclave, which have developed in reaction to the problems — political and moral — that have arisen throughout history, are “rigid and highly formal,” the bishop said. For example, he said, Pope Paul VI’s rules excluded cardinals who were 80 years old or older on the day the conclave began. Blessed John Paul changed the rule to 80 years on the day the papacy became vacant. The change ensured cardinals did not choose a conclave start date specifically to include or exclude a cardinal close to the age of 80. Under current rules, only cardinals who are under the age of 80 Feb. 28, the last day of Pope Benedict’s pontificate — can vote in the conclave. In theory, any baptized male Catholic can be elected pope, but current church law says he must become a bishop before taking office; since the 15th century, the electors always have chosen a fellow cardinal. Each vote begins with the preparation and distribution of paper ballots by two masters of ceremonies, who are among a handful of noncardinals allowed into the chapel at the start of the session. Then the names of nine voting cardinals are chosen at random: three to serve as “scrutineers,” or voting judges; three to collect the votes of any sick cardinals who remain in their quarters at the Domus Sanctae Marthae; and three “revisers” who check the work of the scrutineers. The paper ballot is rectangular. On the top half is printed the Latin phrase “Eligo in Summum Pontificem” (“I elect as the most high pontiff”), and the lower half is blank for the writing of the name of the person chosen. After all of the noncardinals have left the chapel, the cardinals fill out their ballots secretly, legibly and fold them twice. Meanwhile, any ballots from sick cardinals are collected and brought back to the chapel. Each cardinal then walks to the altar, holding up his folded ballot so it can be seen, and says aloud: “I call as my witness Christ the Lord who will be my judge, that my vote is given to the one who before God I think should be elected.” He places his ballot on a plate, or paten, then slides it into an urn or large chalice. When all of the ballots have been
The cardinal-electors will follow a highly detailed set of rules — many that date back several centuries — as they elect a new pope. Black smoke rises from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel in 2005 signaling that the cardinals had taken their first vote for a new pope, but the vote was not conclusive.
cast, the first scrutineer shakes the urn to mix them. He then transfers the ballots to a new urn, counting them to make sure they correspond to the number of electors. The ballots are read out. Each of the three scrutineers examines each ballot one by one, with the last scrutineer calling out the name on the ballot, so all the cardinals can record the tally. The last scrutineer pierces each ballot with a needle through the word “Eligo” and places it on a thread, so they can be secured. After the names have been read out, the votes are counted to see if someone has obtained the two-thirds majority needed for election. The revisers then double-check the work of the scrutineers for possible mistakes. At this point, any handwritten notes made by the cardinals during the vote are collected for burning with the
ballots. If the first vote of the morning or evening session is inconclusive, a second vote normally follows immediately, and the ballots from both votes are burned together at the end. When a pope is elected, the ballots are burned immediately. The ballots are burned with chemical additives to produce white smoke when a pope has been elected; they are burned with other chemicals to produce black smoke when the voting has been inconclusive. The conclave is organized in blocks: three days of voting, then a pause of up to one day, followed by seven ballots and a pause, then seven more ballots and a pause, and seven more ballots. Slightly changing the rules in 2007, Pope Benedict said that after about 33 or 34 ballots without an election — about 12 or 13 days into the conclave — the cardinals must move to a run-off between the top two vote-getters. The two candidates may not participate in the voting, Bishop Arrieta said, and one of them is elected only once he obtains more than two-thirds of the vote.
Age matters: Popes elected as young as 24, as old as 81 By Cindy Wooden Catholic News Service
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ATICAN CITY (CNS) — When Pope Benedict XVI, 85, announced his resignation, he said that “both strength of mind and body are necessary” to carry out the papal ministry in the modern world. He was elected in 2005, just after his 78th birthday. Of the 102 popes whose exact age at election is known, Pope Benedict was one of 17 churchmen elected bishop of Rome while between the ages of 71 and 80. Ambrogio Piazzoni, vice prefect of the Vatican Library and author of a book on the history of papal elections, distributed a sheet of “some curiosities” about elections to reporters Feb. 21, the day after briefing journalists at the Vatican. On the topic of the age of the pope at election, he said: • Three popes were under the age of 25. The last was Pope Gregory V, who was 24 when elected in 996. • Seven were between 25 and 40 years old. The last was Pope Leo X, who was 37 in 1513. • Eleven were between 41 and 50. The last was Pope Clement VII, who was elected in 1523 at the age of 44. • 24 popes were in their 50s. Pope Clement VI The most recent was Blessed John Paul II, who was 58 years old when he began his papal ministry in 1978. • 37 were between 61 and 70 years old. The last was Pope John Paul I, who was 65 when he began his 33-day papacy in 1978. • Only three popes were over 80 when elected. The last, chosen by cardinals in 1406, was Pope Gregory XII. He was 81.
FAMOUS LASTS Piazzoni also provided a list of “lasts”: • The last pope who was not a cardinal yet when elected was Pope Urban VI in 1378. • The last who was not even a priest yet was Pope Leo X. • The last born in Rome was Pope Pius XII, elected in 1939. (He was also the last serving Vatican secretary of state elected.) • The last African was Pope Gelasius, elected in 492. • The last native of Dalmatia, an ancient Roman province, was Pope John IV in 640. • The last Frenchman elected was Pope Gregory XI, in 1370. • The last Greek was Pope Zachary in 741. • The last Englishman was Pope Adrian IV in 1154. • The last Italian was Pope John Paul I. • The last Dutchman was Pope Adrian VI in 1522. • The last Palestinian was Pope Theodore in 642. • The last Pole was Pope John Paul II in 1978. • The last Portuguese was Pope John XXI in 1276. • The last Syrian was Pope Gregory III in 731. • The last Spaniard was Pope Alexander VI in 1492. • The last German was Pope Benedict XVI, elected in 2005. It had been 950 years since a German — Pope Victor II — had been elected.
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‘In the hands of the Lord’ Archbishop Emeritus Keleher trusts in the Holy Spirit to pick the best pope By Joe Bollig joe@theleaven.com
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ANSAS CITY, Kan. — There was a time when not only did the pope never retire — but bishops didn’t either. “We’re used to bishops retiring, but remember, that’s only recent and came out of the Second Vatican Council,” said Archbishop Emeritus James P. Keleher, who retired on Jan. 15, 2005. “Like the pope, they remained either until they were so incapacitated healthwise [that they couldn’t continue] or passed away to eternal life,” he continued. “They didn’t retire. It wasn’t the custom.” Although what the pope emeritus did was unusual, it was the right decision. “I commend Archbishop Emeritus [Benedict XVI] James P. Keleher for this,” said Archbishop Keleher. “I think it was a wise thing he did, and it breaks new ground for future popes to be able to do that when they feel they no longer have the energy and strength to carry out the demanding role of the papacy.” Unquestionably, the burdens of the papacy have increased since Pope John Paul II stepped into the shoes of the fisherman on Oct. 16, 1978. The next pope needs to be someone who can carry those burdens. “I think we probably want to look for, perhaps, a younger cardinal to take on the burdens of the office,” said the archbishop. “The pope has become such an important part of the whole world, even to the non-Christian world. Therefore, I think they should choose someone who is still vigorous — older, but not too old.” Most who become bishops do so when they are in their middle 40s to 50s, he said. The youngest cardinals range from their mid-50s to early 60s. If the cardinals choose a younger pope, he could be in his early 60s, said Archbishop Keleher. Anyone in his 80s, he said, might be considered too old. Among other factors, it’s important to balance health and stamina with experience. “I think it would be wonderful to have someone in his 60s or early 70s,” said the archbishop. “Benedict gave great service and he was in his late 70s when he was elected. It would be nice to plan for a pope to serve 10 or 15 years.” However, if an older cardinal in good health is the best candidate and is able to carry the burdens of the office, then the cardinals should vote for that person, he said. Archbishop Keleher would like to see someone who is fluent in a number of languages, and who would continue to lead the church in the true spirit of the Second Vatican Council and the beauty of Catholic Tradition. He would also like to see the next pope continue the new evangelization, a movement begun by Pope John Paul II and carried on by Pope Benedict XVI. The new evangelization, explained the archbishop, involves “getting our
CNS photo/Marcin Mazur, Bishops’ Conference of England and Wales
A detail of the hand and key from the statue of St. Peter is seen in St. Peter’s Square at the Vatican Feb. 28 after Pope Benedict XVI stepped down from the papacy. The world’s cardinals will soon enter a conclave to elect a new pope. own Catholics more knowledgeable and more involved in proclaiming their faith by the way they live, and to pass it on. In particular, I’d hope that the domestic church, the church of the home, could be passed on to the new generations that come from that domestic church.” Like his predecessors Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI, the next pope must be a good teacher and communicator. “I think the teacher part remains important,” said the archbishop. “At least speaking from the American point of view, until recently our ability to communicate the teachings and doctrine of the church have not been so successful.” “They’re getting increasingly better,” he continued, “and I think Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI really helped us in that regard. So, to continue to press the need to know the truth as Jesus has taught us will be a very important factor.” Pastoral experience is important, said the archbishop, but the pastoral quality comes from who the person is, not necessarily the length of time he’s spent in a diocese. “I remember talking to a bishop who one day became a cardinal — no names given — but he was basically in the diplomatic service of the Curia,” said
Archbishop Keleher. “He was made the bishop of a large diocese in the United States,” he continued. “He was worried about it because he didn’t have pastoral experience. But in the end, he did a wonderful job and was well-liked. Even in a curial position, you can tell who is pastoral and who maybe lacks pastoral skills. I think you’d want someone who can deal with people in a positive way — who can challenge them when necessary.” Although Archbishop Keleher is interested in the conclave, he won’t follow it obsessively. It’s all in the hands of the Lord, anyway. “It’s going to be God’s blessing,” he said. “I’m not into the politics of things or how they chose. I think we have a wonderful way of choosing a new pope.” “Since I have been on this earth, all I’ve seen in the papacy is gifts, beginning with Pope Pius XII and every one thereafter,” he said. “All the popes who’ve been in office since World War II or before have been gifts from God, and so I just think the same thing is going to happen. “And I think each one kind of fits into the epic of the age that we’re in. I do believe that the Holy Spirit is active, and that he will inspire those cardinals to pick the best one.”
March 8, 2013
Americans in Rome plan to follow conclave, watch for white smoke By Jessica Langdon Leaven staff
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ANSAS CITY, Kan. — Father Vince Huber, AVI, started the week of March 4 like the rest of the world, awaiting word on when the conclave would begin. But he knew one thing for certain: He would soon be watching it from the city at the heart of the activity. “It’s pretty special to be here,” said Father Vince, who is serving in Rome with the Apostles of the Interior Life. Although he’s now just a couple of years into his priesthood with the religious community, Father Father Vince Huber Vince, a graduate of St. Thomas Aquinas High School in Overland Park and a former member of Church of the Nativity in Leawood, is already a veteran of the conclave process. He was in Rome for the first time in 2005 when Pope Agustin Martinez John Paul II died, and a traditional mourning period followed before the conclave began. “I was actually on public transportation when the white smoke went up,” he recalled. He arrived at St. Peter’s Square Luke Doyle in time to hear the announcement, “Habemus Papam” — “We have a pope” — and to see Pope Benedict XVI walk out onto the balcony and greet the people of the world as the church’s next pope. So it was fitting that almost eight years later, on Feb. 27, he witnessed Pope Benedict’s final audience. Father Vince now looks forward to the activity surrounding a new conclave and the much-anticipated announcement of the successor. The growing media presence is already noticeable, said Luke Doyle, a seminarian for the Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas currently studying in Rome. He and fellow seminarian Agustin Martinez are both spending their first year of theology studying at the Pontifical North American College there. That has placed them in close proximity to the American cardinals as the latter arrived in Rome for work leading up to the conclave. All the American cardinals who don’t live in Rome were staying at the college until the conclave started. “We were blessed to have nine cardinals — ‘princes of the church’ — join us for Sunday Mass this morning,” Doyle said on March 3, the day before the cardinals were set to meet to determine, among other things, a date for the conclave to begin. He had the chance to meet several of them — even in some unexpected places. “I actually met Cardinal [Sean] O’Malley from Boston in the gym! Was I running on a treadmill next to the church’s next pope?!” asked Doyle.
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Prayer and trembling Cardinals recount experience of conclave that elected Benedict By Cindy Wooden Catholic News Service
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ATICAN CITY (CNS) — Chanting the Litany of the Saints, asking a host of holy men and women to help them, the cardinals enter the Sistine Chapel in procession, aware of their enormous responsibility to elect a new pope. Less than half of the 117 cardinals eligible to vote for a successor to Pope Benedict XVI were in the 2005 conclave that elected him. Two of those that were — Honduran Cardinal Oscar Rodriguez Maradiaga of Tegucigalpa and South African Cardinal Wilfrid Napier — described the scene as being one of deep prayer and some trembling. Cardinal Rodriguez Maradiaga told Catholic News Service that, during the conclave, the cardinals spend most of their time in the Sistine Chapel, even though they cast ballots only four times a day. The time in the chapel includes prayer, writing names on ballots and counting them. But when casting each vote, each cardinal must stand and publicly swear, in Latin, that he is voting according to his conscience. With 115 cardinal-electors expected, that will take time. “In front of the crucifix and in front of the ‘Final Judgment’ painting, we say, ‘I call Jesus as a witness, and he will judge me that I have elected according to my conscience,’ so you can imagine . . . why it takes so long. And in the meantime, when everybody is casting their votes, we are praying, so it is like a big cenacle of prayer.” “This is beautiful,” Cardinal Rodriguez Maradiaga said. “This is the most loving experience, how an election should be. I wish all the elections in the world could be like that: in an atmosphere of prayer.” Cardinal Napier told CNS that even the way the cardinals are dressed — in choir dress like they dress for liturgies — contributes to the atmosphere of prayer. Although he has the experience of the 2005 conclave, he said, “It’s probably going to be just as frightening, just as [much] anxiety” this time, especially because “I’d say there’s a wider field of choices, there are younger cardinals who I believe have real qualities of leadership. At the same time, perhaps we don’t know each other that well, but we have to put a lot of faith in the presence and activity of the Holy Spirit.” Cardinal Napier said that when the cardinals arrive in the chapel, they make a formal vow of secrecy, then each cardinal goes up and puts a hand on the Bible, confirming his oath. Once each cardinal sits down, he said, he thinks “this is it,” and sees on his table the list of names of the cardinals, the ballot paper, the instructions and a small biography of each cardinal. “Then you know you really are about to get down to business very soon,” he said. There is “a sense of excitement, a sense of anxiety,” wondering “how is it all going to work out?” “But probably the most solemn, the most difficult, frightening [moment] is when you go with your ballot paper in your hand and hold it up in front of the altar and say, ‘I call on the Lord Jesus, who will be my judge, to witness that I am voting for the one I believe to be worthy.’
CNS photo/L’Osservatore Romano
Cardinals processed into the Sistine Chapel at the conclave to elect a successor to Pope John Paul II on April 18, 2005. “That’s really a moment of intense emotion, faith, all these emotions come together at that point. If I’m voting for unworthy reasons, I’m actually asking Jesus to judge me, to condemn me, so it’s a very, very solemn moment,” Cardinal Napier said. After each cardinal casts his ballot, the papers are opened and read out, one by one, he said. Since each cardinal has a complete list of cardinals, “you’re ticking off as the votes are being cast for one person or another and then totting it up at the end.” If no candidate has reached the twothirds required for a valid election, the ballots and all the lists with their counts “are all gathered and taken to the back of the chapel to be burned. The smoke goes up black (for no pope). It’s very touching,” the South African cardinal said. U.S. Cardinal J. Francis Stafford, who celebrated his 80th birthday last July and is ineligible to enter this conclave, told CNS, “The conclave is basically an extended liturgy,” with prayer punctuating every moment of the day, including the voting. “We are called to be silent, to be open to the mystery of God present to us in Christ and the Holy Spirit, and that silence begins with an interior silence . . . so they can listen to the promptings of God’s Spirit because they are doing something very, very significant,” he said. The cardinals call “the Holy Spirit to help us in such a heavy burden — I’m happy in a way that I am not being called
to do it again; it’s too heavy a burden, but it’s less burdensome if we are not being pressed to violate” silence by journalists asking questions they’ve sworn not to answer, he said. Pope Benedict, and Blessed John Paul before him, both publicly acknowledged the solemn awesomeness of the scene in the Sistine. Less than a week after his election, Pope Benedict told German pilgrims that when the voting was showing him to be the clear favorite, he prayed to God “to spare me.” He said he told God, “You have candidates who are younger, better, stronger and have more elan than me.” “Evidently, God did not listen to me,” he said, describing as the votes neared the necessary number to elect him, it became evident that “the guillotine was coming closer and was meant for me.” Blessed John Paul, in his 2003 collection of poems, “Roman Triptych,” described the frescoes of the Sistine Chapel and wrote, “It is here, at the feet of this marvelous Sistine profusion of color that the cardinals gather — a community responsible for the legacy of the keys of the kingdom.” “‘Con-clave’: a joint concern for the legacy of the keys of the kingdom,” he wrote. The cardinals “find themselves between the beginning and the end, between the day of creation and the day of judgment.” Michelangelo helps the cardinals in their deliberations, he wrote, praying that God would point out to the cardinals God’s choice for the next pope.
Famous last tweets before cardinals enter media blackout of conclave By Carol Glatz Catholic News Service
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ATICAN CITY (CNS) — While @ Pontifex has fallen silent during the interregnum, a handful of social media-savvy cardinals are still tweeting while they can before a different kind of “ex-communication” sets in. From the moment cardinal-electors begin the conclave, they will be cut off from all forms of communication with the outside world until a new pope is elected, which means no newspapers, interviews, email, cellphones, not even a tiny tweet. Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi, @Card Ravasi, and Cardinal Angelo Scola, @ angeloscola, however, have already retreated from retweeting. Cardinal Scola actually deactivated his account Feb. 28 for the interregnum while Cardinal Ravasi bade his followers goodbye the same day, the day the “sede vacante” began. “Thanks to all my followers for sharing this journey. I’ll take my leave from you now for a few days. . . . In friendship,” Cardinal Ravasi, the former president of the Pontifical Council for Culture, tweeted with a picture of him at his desk. Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan of New York, @CardinalDolan, has been posting links to some of the interviews he has been doing, such as with NBC News’ “Today” show and CNN’s Christiane Amanpour. He also invited people to begin their daily prayers the same way he has while he’s been in Rome: “‘Lord, it is good to be here with you.’ Every morning I open my prayer with those words uttered by St. Peter. I invite you to do the same.” Cardinal Sean P. O’Malley of Boston, @CardinalSean, has been posting what he has been doing in Rome in the run-up to the conclave and shared what he told retired Pope Benedict XVI when he met with him Feb. 28: “Today I shared w/Pope Benedict a Bavarian greeting & also that the people of Boston thanked him for his ministry & are praying for him.” Cardinal Donald W. Wuerl of Washington, D.C., @Cardinal_Wuerl, tweeted blowby-blow coverage of the pope’s transfer to Castel Gandolfo Feb. 28 and ended his tweets the same night with: “The papacy of Benedict XVI has ended. The chair of Peter is vacant. Thank you, Holy Father, for your faithful service. #ThanksPontifex.” South African Cardinal Wilfrid Napier of Durban, @CardinalNapier, has been busy tweeting, in part “to make up for silence during conclave.” He has been calling for and responding to prayers of support and, before arriving in Rome, tweeted that he was spending “a lot of time in prayer & reflection; checking cardinals’ bios on Google; studying rules for electing pope & discussions.” In response to “May All Be Happy,” who told the cardinal to elect him pope, the cardinal replied, “The election of pope is building church on Jesus Christ, no one else. Church is a spiritual reality, not a secular institution.” He actively replies to his followers’ questions and comments and told Catholic News Service that getting on Twitter “was the best decision I made.” Brazilian Cardinal Odilo Scherer of Sao Paulo, @DomOdiloScherer, also actively engages in conversations with his followers, but stopped posting and answering questions Feb. 26. His last reply was clarifying a question about not using the pope’s name in the eucharistic prayer during a “sede vacante.” Colombian Cardinal Ruben Salazar Gomez of Bogota, @cardenalruben, was still posting YouTube videos of his Sunday reflections in early March. Most recently, he gave “thanks to God for the pontificate of Benedict XVI” and asked that “the Holy Spirit illuminates the conclave.”
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Who to watch As the cardinals enter the Sistine Chapel with the task of choosing a new pope, The Leaven has identified 20 cardinals who could play important roles in the conclave — as either contenders or ‘pope-makers.’ Cardinal Angelo Scola, Italy Archbishop of Milan | Age 71
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he Archdiocese of Milan, Europe’s largest diocese, has often been seen as a steppingstone to the papacy. Its former archbishop, Cardinal Dionigi Tettamazi, was considered a strong contender in 2005. Cardinal Scola is an intellectual with doctorates in philosophy and theology. He’s also one of the church’s foremost scholars on Islam and Christian-Muslim dialogue. He founded the Oasis International Foundation, whose goal is to promote understanding between Christians and Muslims. The Italian cardinal is media savvy and has the charm to capture the hearts of Catholics and non-Catholics alike. He has a reputation for openness, having set aside Wednesdays, while the archbishop of Vienna, to visit with people who wanted to see him, whether they had an appointment or not. Italians have long held a stranglehold on the papacy, and Cardinal Scola has the least baggage of Italian contenders.
Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, Argentina
Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Italy
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Archbishop of Buenos Aires | Age 76
ccording to various reports, Cardinal Bergoglio was a strong challenger to Cardinal Ratzinger at the last conclave finishing with the second highest vote total. He could very well be a strong candidate this time around, too, despite being overshadowed by other Latin American cardinals in the eyes of the media. Cardinal Bergoglio, a Jesuit priest, has been a strong champion of the poor and has spurned the perks usually associate with someone of his stature. He rides the bus to work and chose a modest apartment over the official residence. He’s an intelligent man with a master’s degree in chemistry and is known for being a skilled administrator.
Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Italy Dean of the College of Cardinals | Age 85
Cardinal Oscar Rodriguez Maradiaga, Honduras
Archbishop of New York | Age 63
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lready touted as the “American pope,” Cardinal Dolan certainly has the charisma and media savvy to handle the top job. A speech he made to the College of Cardinals on the new evangelization last February was well received and put him on many cardinals’ radar. His easygoing and approachable personality has made him a media darling in the United States. He’s theologically sound and, as president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, has led the attack on the Obama administration’s contraception mandate. Working against the American is the fact that he’s never worked in the Vatican and isn’t fluent in Italian. There is also concern that his exuberant personality might not play as well in Rome as it does in the United States. Add in the prejudice against electing a pope from a superpower, and the fact that he’s on the younger end of the papabili spectrum, and a Dolan papacy seems like a long shot.
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Cardinal Robert Sarah, Guinea President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum Age 67
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s archbishop of Gonakry, Guinea, Cardinal Sarah earned the respect of his Muslim and Christian countrymen alike when he was one of the few people courageous enough to speak out against the brutal regimes of Ahemed Sekou Toure and Lansana Conte and promote human rights. He is currently president of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum, the Vatican office that promotes and coordinates Catholic charitable giving. Before that, he served nine years as secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, so he is well-known by the world’s cardinals. Cardinal Sarah has studied in France and Rome and is fluent in French, Italian and English. When he was consecrated a bishop at the age of 34, he was the youngest bishop in the world.
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s the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Cardinal Sodano will enjoy the same high-profile position Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger held in the days immediately following the death of Pope John Paul II eight years ago. The exposure will likely not serve the Italian cardinal as well, however. Having just witnessed the resignation of a pope for age-related reasons, it’s unlikely that the 85-year-old cardinal would gather much support. But Cardinal Sodano will doubtless wield considerably influence in this conclave because of his position and past connections as Secretary of State.
Cardinal Timothy Dolan, United States
Archbishop of Tegucigalpa | Age 70
ailing from Honduras, Cardinal Rodriguez Maradiaga boasts a wide range of interests — and degrees. He holds doctorates in philosophy, theology and moral theology, but has also taught courses in chemistry, physics and music at colleges in Latin America. He’s an accomplished musician and can play both the piano and saxophone. In his own country, the Honduran has advocated for better education, criticized government corruption, and called for the alleviation of the heavy foreign debt of many of the Third World’s poorest countries. But he’s also known on the international level from his service as ambassador of the Catholic Church’s emergency relief and development aid. Cardinal Maradiaga is a charismatic personality who has been called the John Paul II of Latin America.
Cardinal Peter Erdo, Hungary
Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest | Age 60
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ardinal Peter Erdo was the youngest cardinal to participate in the conclave that elected Benedict XVI. Eight years later, there are still only a handful of younger cardinals. He’s a canon lawyer, a historian of church law and has a doctorate in theology, and he’s twice been elected president of the Council of Episcopal Conferences of Europe. With 61 voting eligible cardinals hailing from Europe, that’s a fact that can’t be overlooked. He’s also forged strong ties with Africa. With Europe’s Catholic population growing older, Cardinal Erdo has been active in evangelization efforts and has praised the church in Latin America for its ability to attract youth. On the debit side, the work for which the Hungarian is most noted has been behind the scenes. Whether he could be as effective in the spotlight might be something the cardinal-electors will consider.
Cardinal Joao Braz de Aviz, Brazil
Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life | Age 65
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ardinal Braz de Aviz is is the current prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life. He’s earned praise for his efforts in that position, even though he’s only been on the job since 2011. His duties have him working closely with religious orders and rebuilding trust that was considered broken between the Vatican and certain religious orders under his predecessor. Ordained for the Diocese of Apucarana, he served as a priest in several parishes in Brazil. As a young priest, he was shot multiple times when caught in the crossfire of an armed robbery and still has fragments from the bullets in his body. He’s a personable man with a reputation for reliability. He’s recently criticized the church for being too Eurocentric, a criticism that’s illustrated by the majority of cardinals hailing from Europe, despite Latin America’s far larger population of Catholics.
Cardinal Christoph Schonborn, Austria Archbishop of Vienna | Age 68
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ardinal Schonborn, archbishop of Vienna, has been a harsh critic of the church’s past handling of sex abuse and has called for greater transparency. As a young priest, Cardinal Schonborn studied under then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger and is considered not only his intellectual protégé, but a brilliant theologian in his own right. The Austrian was the editor of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, for 20 years now the working textbook for Catholic doctrine around the world. He’s traveled the world on behalf of the Vatican and is widely known and admired. Working against the cardinal is the perception that he would be a reformer. He’s taken some positions recently that have rubbed some the wrong way, even criticizing a fellow cardinal for his handling of an abuse case, which seemed to draw a veiled reprimand from the Vatican.
Secretary of State | Age 78
e may be considered a long shot, but as the Secretary of State and No. 2 man in the Vatican, Cardinal Bertone cannot be ignored. A Salesian cleric with no diplomatic experience before taking over as Secretary of State, Cardinal Bertone has been faulted by some for the way he’s managed the Curia; others blame the Curia instead. But there’s no question that Pope Benedict has always been a steadfast supporter of the cardinal. With the throne now vacant, Cardinal Bertone, in his role as camerlengo, is the acting head of state of Vatican City.
Cardinal Peter Turkson, Ghana
President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace | Age 64
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rom a continent where Catholicism is growing rapidly, Cardinal Turkson may be Africa’s best papal candidate. As the president of the Vatican’s Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, Cardinal Turkson is well-known for his human touch and ability to connect with people. He speaks multiple languages native to Ghana, as well as most European languages. In West Africa, he’s considered a rock star thanks to his frequent television appearances, which helps him maintain strong ties to his native country while performing his Vatican duties. Cardinal Turkson has not shied away from questions about the possibility of becoming the first black pope, proclaiming he’s up for the job “if it’s the will of God,” while at the same time acknowledging that a black pope would face unique challenges. The Ghanan did cause an uproar last year by screening an anti-Islamic video, an error for which he quickly and publicly apologized.
Cardinal Marc Ouellet, Canada
Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops | Age 68
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ardinal Marc Ouellet of Quebec is the prefect of the Congregation for Bishops, president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America, and quite simply one of the most powerful men at the Vatican. Despite his lofty status within the Vatican, the Canadian cardinal has broad international experience, having studied in Austria and Germany and having served as a missionary in Latin America. He speaks six languages fluently and has had a hand in selecting new bishops, which makes him well-known throughout the Catholic hierarchy. He’s considered to be much like Pope Benedict theologically. When asked about the possibility of becoming pope after Pope John Paul II’s death, the Canadian called the prospect “a nightmare.”
Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle, Philippines Archbishop of Manila | Age 55
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t age 55, Cardinal Tagle is one of the rising stars in the College of Cardinals. He’s a dynamic speaker, whose speeches have impressed bishops worldwide and caught the attention of Pope Benedict. Noted for his humility, Tagle took the bus to work while bishop of Imus and regularly invited beggars outside the cathedral in for a meal. He’s been outspoken in urging the church to be proactive in dealing with sex abuse and to put measures in place to ensure the victims come first. “We do not need to wait for a bomb to explode. Preventing it from exploding is the best response,” he said. As archbishop of Manila, he has a reputation as a capable administrator. He’s been a defender of the poor as well as a strong environmentalist over the years. Working against him is his youth — a Tagle papacy could be a long one.
Cardinal Angelo Bagnasco, Italy Archbishop of Genoa | Age 70
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aving served as the head of the Italian bishops’ conference, Cardinal Bagnasco has the advantage of having rubbed elbows with the largest voting bloc in the conclave. He’s very popular in Italy, having led a scathing attack on former Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi and other Italian leaders for their unethical behavior. On the flip side, he’s never worked outside of Italy, so cardinal-electors might wonder about the breadth of his vision. He’s expressed such strong opposition to abortion and same-sex unions in the past that he’s received death threats from gay rights activists.
Cardinal Sean O’Malley, United States Archbishop of Boston | Age 68
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or a while, it seemed like the United States’ best bet for a pope was with Cardinal Dolan. But then something unexpected happened — the Italian press went crazy for Cardinal O’Malley. The Boston cardinal was hailed for his performance as a reformer after taking over a tough situation in Boston after the sex abuse crisis broke there. He’s well-traveled, having worked as a priest in Chile and served as a bishop in the Caribbean. The cardinal is down-to-earth, preferring to be called Cardinal Sean, and favors his simple Capuchin robe over more elaborate dress. Cardinal O’Malley is also a good communicator who likes to engage people through Twitter and his personal blog.
Cardinal Francis Arinze, Nigeria
Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments | Age 80
Cardinal Odilo Scherer, Brazil Archbishop of Sao Paolo | Age 63
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n the last conclave, Cardinal Arinze’s name was floated as a strong contender for the papacy. While his age will work against him this go-round, he is still being mentioned as a potential successor to the throne of St. Peter. Cardinal Arinze has been praised for his charm and superior communication skills. He had a rapid rise through the Catholic hierarchy as he was named a bishop at age 33 and, two years later, was named archbishop of Onitsha. The Nigerian cardinal’s ability to work hand-in-hand with the country’s Muslims drew the attention of Pope John Paul II, and he was named pro-president of the Vatican’s Secretariat for Non-Christians in 1979. As cardinal, he was praised for his work in promoting the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000.
Cardinal Julian Herranz Casado, Spain
President Emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts | Age 82
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hile not numbered among the papabili, Cardinal Herranz Casado wields considerable influence inside the walls of the Vatican. A member of Opus Dei, Cardinal Herranz Casado was the head of the committee of three cardinals to whom Pope Benedict entrusted the internal investigation of the “VatiLeaks” scandal. Moreover, he’s one of the Vatican’s foremost experts in canon law. Although never officially confirmed by the Vatican, Cardinal Herranz Casado is also believed to have led the Curia during times of Pope John Paul II’s incapacitation. In other words, he’s a man two popes have trusted implicitly. And although his committee’s “VatiLeaks” report awaits the eyes of the new pope, he and the other two cardinals have been specifically freed up by the pope emeritus to answer any questions about the report that the College of Cardinals might have. Enough said.
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s Archbishop of Sao Paolo, Cardinal Scherer heads one of the largest dioceses in the world. He has strong ties to Rome, having studied at the Gregorian University and worked in the Congregation for Bishops. The cardinal has been a strong opponent of Brazil’s attempts to liberalize abortion laws. And while he’s praised liberation theology’s focus on peace and social justice, he’s criticized its Marxist leanings. The Brazilian cardinal knows how to use the media to his advantage, putting his archdiocesan website and newspaper to use promoting the church’s view on issues making news in Brazil. He’s also very active on Twitter.
Cardinal Leonardo Sandri, Argentina
Prefect of the Congregation for Eastern Churches | Age 69
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hile Catholic numbers in Europe are declining, they are booming in Latin America and the time might be right for a Latin American pope. Cardinal Sandri might just have the right mix to make him an attractive papal candidate. He was born in Argentina but of Italian parents. Cardinal Sandri has a reputation as a strong manager who would run an orderly ship, which might be what cardinal-electors are looking for if “VatiLeaks” is still fresh in their minds. Cardinal Sandri is well-known at the Vatican, having served as Pope John Paul II’s “substitute for general affairs.” When Pope John Paul II’s health declined, it was Cardinal Sandri who would read his texts, and was, in fact, the one who announced to the world that Pope John Paul II had died. Despite his strong managerial skills, he is lacking in pastoral experience, having never served as a diocesan bishop and having spent most of his career in the Vatican.
Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi, Italy
President of the Pontifical Council for Culture | Age 70
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ardinal Ravasi is reputed to be one of the most intelligent members of the College of Cardinals. He’s a biblical scholar and a former professor at the Theological University of Northern Italy in Milan. The cardinal is well-versed in classic literature as well as contemporary culture and can just as easily quote Amy Winehouse or Friedrich Nietzsche as St. Augustine. He’s very popular in Italy, where he’s written for several newspapers and hosted a popular religious program on television. While he’s energetic and outgoing, Cardinal Ravasi has never been in charge of a diocese. He was tapped by Pope Benedict, however, to preach the Lenten retreat held in the final days of his papacy, so the exposure to many cardinals already in Rome for the transition couldn’t have hurt Cardinal Ravasi’s chances.
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Between popes: Vatican business continues as usual — almost By Cindy Wooden Catholic News Service
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CNS photo/L’Osservatore Romano via Reuters
Cardinals attend a meeting at the synod hall in the Vatican March 4. Preparations for electing a new pope began as the College of Cardinals met.
What the church needs October 2012 synod might yield clues to the cardinals’ priorities By Cindy Wooden Catholic News Service
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ATICAN CITY (CNS) — One task facing the College of Cardinals already has been completed: A job description for the Catholic Church’s chief evangelizer is already written. He must be humble, but firmly grounded in church teaching; joyful and enthusiastic; willing to listen to and dialogue with others; and courageous in defending human rights, including the right to freedom of religion. Before the cardinals enter the Sistine Chapel to begin voting for a successor to Pope Benedict XVI, they will hold meetings in the Vatican synod hall to discuss the current needs of the church. Many of them sat in the same room for three weeks in October discussing the same thing, so they won’t be starting from scratch. Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, and 52 of the 117 cardinals who are under the age of 80 and eligible to vote for a new pope participated in the Synod of Bishops on the new evangelization. While emphases may change when the cardinals meet, it is unlikely they will try to reinvent the wheel and almost impossible that they will come up with a new topic for discussion. The synod discussions covered the most crucial issues facing the church around the world: proclaiming the Gospel; catechesis; the meaning and role of the family; parish life; the role of new movements; liturgy and the sacraments; the clerical sexual abuse crisis; relations with other Christians; dialogue with other religions; challenges to religious freedom; the message of the Second Vatican Council; the challenges
and opportunities raised by science and technology; and dialogue with nonbelievers. The topics were seen as key elements in living the Catholic faith today. And while no one gave a speech dedicated specifically to the administrative working of the Vatican bureaucracy and consternation caused by the “VatiLeaks” scandal that led to the arrest and conviction of Pope Benedict’s butler, synod members did discuss the values that must inspire the way the church works in the world. The new pope will have to be the Catholic Church’s chief evangelist and, discussing the qualities an evangelist must have, synod members focused on humility, prayerfulness and a willingness to listen. Of course, they added other qualities as well, including a thorough knowledge of Scripture and theology and an ability to communicate, whether through languages or the new media — qualities that also are on most people’s checklist for a new pope. Cardinal Luis Tagle of Manila, Philippines, told the synod that evangelizers must imitate the humility of Jesus — who was willing to become human, to suffer and to die for humanity — and the love of Jesus, particularly for “those neglected and despised by the world.” Being humble also means recognizing when the church does not have all the answers, and therefore being willing to remain silent, he said, adding that “a church at home with silence will make the voiceless believe they are not alone.” Polish Cardinal Zenon Grocholewski, prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education, told the synod that the greatest obstacle a priest or theologian faces in becoming an effective
evangelizer “is without a doubt pride, along with its natural ally, selfishness. The obsession with becoming great, original [and] important reduces more than a few to being ‘pastors who shepherd themselves and not their flocks,’” as St. Augustine once said. Synod members also called for church leaders who radiate joy and enthusiasm and who are not afraid to use new media and new structures “to move from a pastoral strategy of maintenance to a pastoral position that is truly missionary.” As Australian Cardinal George Pell told reporters during the synod, church meetings can be well-planned and faith-filled, “but we need fire, energy — that’s what the new evangelization is all about.” “We’re in the midst of an enormous struggle between good and evil, faith and fear on a supernatural as well as a natural level,” he said. “We could do with a bit more bite.” Before the conclave, the cardinals obviously will discuss the serious problems and challenges facing the church today. But if they follow the synod’s prescription, they will look for a leader who chooses optimism over gloom. The synod’s final message said, “We are not intimidated by the circumstances of the times in which we live. Our world is full of contradictions and challenges, but it remains God’s creation. The world is wounded by evil, but God loves it still. It is his field in which the sowing of the word can be renewed so that it would bear fruit once more.” They added, “There is no room for pessimism in the minds and hearts of those who know that their Lord has conquered death and that his Spirit works with might in history.”
ATICAN CITY (CNS) — When Pope Benedict XVI officially left office at 8 p.m. on Feb. 28, most of the top-level Vatican officials lost their jobs, but that does not mean the majority of Vatican employees get a vacation. Although Catholics inside and outside the Vatican love to complain about its unwieldy bureaucracy, coordinating the universal ministry of the church involves a steady flow of paperwork, correspondence and meeting planning. All of that continues even when there is no pope. However, the publication of documents, the nomination of new bishops and the approval of statutes for Catholic universities and religious orders are suspended. Anything that must be issued in the name of the Vatican or in the name of the pope must be approved by Pope Benedict’s successor. “The general rule is that all ordinary business continues,” the secretary of one Vatican congregation told Catholic News Service during the “interregnum” — the period between popes — in 2005. “Like in most bureaucracies, most of our business is ordinary business.” Commissions and subcommittees continue to meet, reports continue to be prepared, letters are answered and Vatican officials try to tidy their desks enough to be able to inform the new pope about exactly where their various projects stand. Under long-standing church rules, updated by Blessed John Paul II in 1996, the Vatican secretary of state, the prefects of Vatican congregations and the presidents of pontifical councils lost their jobs the minute the papacy was vacant; the offices are being run by the congregation and council secretaries for the course of the interregnum. However, the prefects and presidents didn’t pack up their offices before they left. Sixteen of the 22 prefects and presidents are cardinals participating in the conclave to elect a new pope. Generally, immediately after the election of a new pope, the prefects and presidents are asked to take up their old jobs again, at least temporarily. While Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone left his position as secretary of state, with the interregnum the real work began for his position as camerlengo or chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church; during the period when there is no pope, he is charged with administering the temporal goods of the church. The other person who did not lose his job is the head of the Apostolic Penitentiary, currently Cardinal Manuel Montiero de Castro. The Apostolic Penitentiary is a Vatican court dealing with matters related to the sacrament of confession and to indulgences. His position was not suspended because he is the person who ensures penitents guilty of serious sin and seeking forgiveness can receive absolution. During the 2005 interregnum, the head of the Apostolic Penitentiary was U.S. Cardinal J. Francis Stafford, who is now retired. He told CNS at the time that it was his responsibility to ensure that forgiveness is available at all times to any sinner. While much of the Vatican’s activity takes a pause during the interregnum, Christ’s desire to save people does not rest, Cardinal Stafford said. Portuguese Cardinal Montiero de Castro’s responsibility continues even while he is in the Sistine Chapel voting for a new pope. His aides may send petitions for absolution to him even inside the conclave — one of the very few exceptions to the rule that the cardinals be out of contact with the outside world.
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How to choose a pope
Preliminary pope talk focuses on teaching, preaching, holiness By Cindy Wooden Catholic News Service
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ATICAN CITY (CNS) — French Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, 69, president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, is the “proto-deacon” of the College of Cardinals and will be the one, at the end of the conclave, who will announce to the world, “Habemus Papam” (“We have a pope”). The cardinal said he hoped to be able to introduce a new pope who, like Pope Benedict XVI, knows how to teach the Catholic faith to others. In an interview with the French Catholic agency, I.Media, he was asked about the qualities a new pope should possess. “Christians must be able to give a reason for their faith with knowledge of the contents of this faith,” the cardinal said. “He must also be a pope very open to dialogue with cultures and religions,” he added. When Cardinal Tauran said the next pope really will have to “reform the Curia” and promote more coordination among offices, the reporter asked if Pope Benedict hadn’t also set out to do that. “Yes, but the Curia is a big machine. It may need a younger pope,” he said. Asked the ideal age for the next pope, Cardinal Tauran said, “The ideal age is more or less 65 years . . . even 70 years if he is in good shape.” Cardinal Justin Rigali, 77, the former archbishop of Philadelphia, told Knox news.com Feb. 25, “Nobody has all of the qualities — everybody’s human, huh? — so they have to find someone who has the most important ones.” For Cardinal Rigali, the most important qualities include communication, media and language skills to “get his message to the people,” an ability to connect with different kinds of people and the strength to “confront all the issues that affect humanity,” including issues of social justice and the defense of human life, the cardinal said. Cardinal Christoph Schonborn of Vienna told the magazine Profil that the next pope must have the same “basic requirements” Pope Benedict had, particularly the “strength of faith, which enables him to distinguish between the pillars of Catholic doctrine and mere decoration” so that Catholic doctrine remains authentic. If Catholics believe the church teaches what Christ himself taught and that his teaching brings salvation, no pope can change that teaching without doing serious harm, even if it might make the pope more popular, said the 68-year-old cardinal. At the same time, he said, “in today’s media world, the pope is the most visible preacher of the faith” and will have a “key role in determining whether people are inspired” by the path the church indicates as the way to friendship with God and ultimately to salvation. Profil asked Cardinal Schonborn about the lists of potential popes being published around the world — lists that are remarkably similar from one country to another and one publication to another. He described those
CNS photo/Tony Gentile, Reuters
Cardinal Philippe Barbarin of Lyon, France, talks to reporters at the Vatican March 4, the first day the College of Cardinals met to begin the process of electing a new pope. profiles as “the pope of imaginative reporting.” Cardinal George Pell of Sydney, speaking to The Australian newspaper Feb. 23, referred to St. Teresa of Avila, who reportedly said that when looking for a confessor, she would prefer “a competent theologian” over “a pious fool.” The cardinal said that in the upcoming conclave he probably would support “not necessarily the most holy person, but the person best equipped for the job,” regardless of nationality. The Australian wrote, however, “if that person happens to be from the U.S., [Cardinal] Pell believes he would be unlikely to be elected. The reluctance to appoint a pope from the prevailing superpower, he says, dates to the 14th century, when a series of seven popes resided at Avignon in southeastern France, which was then a superpower.” At a Feb. 11 news conference, Cardinal Francis E. George of Chicago said that when they begin meeting, the cardinals will discuss all sorts of questions, including whether it may be time to look outside Europe for a candidate. However, he said: “Usually they raise questions first of all in terms of personality: Who can govern the church? Who can teach? Who can sanctify? These are the functions of the papacy, so it matters less where a person is from than whether or not he is capable of being the successor of Peter.” When asked if the age of the candidates will matter, Cardinal George told reporters in Chicago, “You consider everything.” The cardinal, who voted in the 2005 conclave that elected Pope Benedict, said the general congregations or meetings before the conclave are not political rallies with nominations, but discussions. “Until you take the first ballot, you don’t know who has strength and who has not,” he said. Caracol Radio reported that Colombian Cardinal Ruben Salazar Gomez of Bogota was busy in late February “reviewing the resumes” of the 116 cardinals who are eligible to join him at his first conclave to elect a new pope.
He said the pope needs to be “more human, that is, closer to the needs of humanity and the world today.” Other than that, he said Feb. 25, he still needs more time for prayer, reflection and conversations with the other cardinals because you cannot just “jump on one candidate.” Cardinal Thomas Collins of Toronto told Catholic News Service Feb. 26 that the needs of the church and the qualities the next pope will need are matters for discussion in the general congregations that precede the conclave. “Each cardinal brings his own sense of what are the key issues, but they will be very much determined by where he’s coming from,” so the cardinals must listen to each other before speaking, he said. Cardinals from Western Europe and North America, he said, see secularization and the new evangelization as the big issues facing the church. “Holiness and ability and experience” are important, he said. “There are very many cardinals who have all kinds of different gifts and different strengths,” so after the conversations about the church’s needs, the cardinals must reflect on “what particular set of strengths are needed right now for the church.” Before the cardinals begin meeting, Cardinal Collins said, “I think it’s premature to start speculating on what particular set of qualities are needed.” Cardinal Theodore E. McCarrick, retired archbishop of Washington, is no longer eligible to vote in a conclave, although he can participate in the discussions beforehand. He said the next pope will need to be “a wise man, he has to be a courageous man, but more than anything else he has to be a holy man” to deal with the challenges of the modern world. He will have to know how to interact with young people, because the young “are not going to take direction from someone whom they don’t think loves them,” the cardinal told CNS in Rome. He also will need “great administrative abilities, because you’re talking about a church of more than a billion people,” the cardinal said.
Vatican will soon issue special stamps, coins marking ‘sede vacante’ By Carol Glatz Catholic News Service
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ATICAN CITY (CNS) — The Vatican has recently issued special-edition stamps and minting special coins marking the upcoming “sede vacante,” the period when the see of Rome is vacant before the election of a new pope. The stamps are marked with the “sede vacante” symbol, which is a special striped umbrella extended over a pair of crossed keys, as well as printed with the words, “Sede Vacante,” “Città del Vaticano” (Vatican City), and the year in Roman numerals. They were issued March 1 in four denominations of 70 and 85 eurocents, 2 and 2.50 euros. Collectors will have to wait longer for the coins, however, which may be out as late as May, said an official at the Vatican’s stamp and coin office. A 2 euro coin and a silver 5 euro commemorative coin will be issued for sale, while a portion of the 2 euro coins will be put into general circulation. The “sede vacante” coins will have the denomination on one side and the “sede vacante” symbol on the other. The coin issue takes longer because Vatican coins are produced by the Italian mint and work is backlogged, the official said. Even the plaster mold of the designs still has to be made, he added. The last of the Pope Benedict XVI coins, which bear the portrait of the pope, will be issued the end of March.
While @Pontifex hibernates during interregnum, @TerzaLoggia set to fly By Carol Glatz Catholic News Service
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ATICAN CITY (CNS) — The pope’s @Pontifex Twitter fans received two last tweets before the account went into “hibernation” for the “sede vacante” period starting when Pope Benedict XVI stepped down. Also, while the papal tweets are on hiatus, the Vatican’s Secretariat of State is preparing to launch its first tweet from its new Twitter account @TerzaLoggia. The new account, which had 2,000 followers and no tweets as of Feb. 26, offers official news and information, ideally starting during the “interregnum,” the period between popes. While the exact launch date is not known, Greg Burke, media adviser to the Vatican’s Secretariat of State, told Catholic News Service: “Stay tuned. It’ll be sooner rather than later.” Meanwhile, contrary to some news reports, the @Pontifex account was not permanently shut down after the pope resigned Feb. 28, but will merely remain inactive for the period of the “sede vacante.” The name “Pontifex,” meaning “bridge builder” and “pope,” was chosen to refer “to the office more than the person,” and highlights the leader of the church and the Catholic faithful, said Msgr. Paul Tighe, secretary of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications. It also means the account handle does not have to change with every new pope. Vatican Radio said “@Pontifex will be available for use by the next pope as he may wish.”
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Glossary of the conclave
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OME (CNS) — Here is an explanation of some of the terms and practices related to the time between Pope Benedict XVI’s resignation at 8 p.m. on Feb. 28 and the election of a new pope.
“Sede vacante”
Dioceses are also called sees. The Latin for “when the see is vacant” is “sede vacante.” When the vacant see is the Diocese of Rome, all major church decisions, such as new legislation or the appointment of bishops, stops until a new pope is elected. Only ordinary business and matters that cannot be postponed can be conducted by the College of Cardinals. (CNS)
Interregnum
The period between popes is called an interregnum — between reigns — even though Pope Paul VI set aside many of the regal trappings of the papacy and references to a papal “reign” gradually fell into disuse. Pope Paul inaugurated his ministry in 1963 with a coronation, then set aside the papal tiara. It was the last time a pope wore the beehiveshaped tiara, a triple crown. (CNS)
Camerlengo
CNS photo/Paul Haring
Three sizes of cassocks for the future pope are displayed in the window of the Gammarelli clerical tailor shop in Rome March 4. At the request of the Vatican, the famous shop has prepared three sizes of clerical wear to be used by the new pope immediately after his election. Pictured leaving the store is Dominican Father Thomas Petri, assistant professor of theology at Providence College in Rhode Island.
Ready to sew into action Papal tailors ready no matter what size the new pope is
have a pope”) include a cassock with an attached capelet, a white silk sash, a white skullcap, red leather shoes and a red velvet mozzetta or capelet with ATICAN CITY (CNS) — ermine trim, a style retired Pope BeneEven though a conclave to dict XVI brought back into style. elect a new pope has not Blessed John Paul II “preferred very yet started, the papal tailors lightweight clothing and evidently have the white cassock ready for the the fur (and velvet mozzetta) was too new pontiff when he appears less than heavy for him, therefore, he preferred an hour after his election on the balconot to use it,” Gammarelli said. ny overlooking St. Peter’s Square. If it’s necessary, a GamThe Gammarelli shop marelli tailor will head to proudly showcased in its the apostolic palace a few street-level window the white days after a successful wool cassocks in three differelection to take measureent sizes: “tall,” “medium,” and ments of the new pope for “small,” since no one knows a properly fitting cassock who will be the new pope or and vestments, he said. what his measurements will However, “often [a new be. pope] is already one of “We received the order our clients, and we already [from the Vatican] to prepare have his measurements on the three outfits a few days file,” he said. after Benedict gave the anThe old shop, which is nouncement” Feb. 11 to step located just a few yards down, Lorenzo Gammarelli from the Pantheon, was told Catholic News Service. bustling as shopkeepers It takes three-and-a-half quickly packaged a backlog days to cut, prepare and sew of old orders. One shopby hand one complete cassock, keeper was busily foldsaid the sixth-generation faming magenta sashes for a ily member, so all three were bishop and sealing them finished “very quickly” by in brown wrapping paper, March 1 and displayed in the while another stacked shoe shop window the morning of boxes containing black kidMarch 4. skin shoes, men’s size 9, for The shop eventually will delivery. deliver the ensemble to the Getting the order of paVatican in time for the conpal cassocks and the sartoclave and election. rial needs of the upcoming The Gammarelli shop was conclave ready trumped all founded in 1798 and has served else the past three weeks, every 20th- and 21st-century Gammarelli said. pontiff except for Pope Pius “Therefore, now we XII, who stuck with his famiCNS photo/Paul Haring have to make up the time ly’s tailor. It’s not a given that every Photos of popes are displayed on the wall as an employee shows clerical . . . we lost with clients pope will call on the shop’s wear to a customer at the Gammarelli clerical tailor shop near the Panthe- who had ordered things first,” he said. services, so the shop always on in Rome March 4. By Carol Glatz Catholic News Service
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waits to receive orders from the Vatican. But chances are good they will get called to do work for the next pope “since we have served all these popes,” he said, nodding toward a row of pictures of seven popes on the wall near the shop’s front entrance. The sets available for the new pontiff to wear after he is introduced with the words “Habemus Papam” (“We
Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, as camerlengo, or chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the vice chamberlain and a canonical adviser, is in charge of safeguarding the temporal goods of the church and its temporal rights during the interregnum. The chamberlain heads a three-member commission that oversees physical preparations for the conclave and leads what is called a “particular congregation” — a group of three other cardinals chosen by lot — to conduct the minor day-to-day business of the Vatican until a new pope is elected. (CNS)
Dean of the College of Cardinals
Cardinal Angelo Sodano is the current dean. As dean, he calls the cardinals to Rome and presides over their daily meetings before the conclave. Because Cardinal Sodano is over 80 and ineligible to enter the conclave, the dean’s duties inside the Sistine Chapel will be handled by Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, the top-ranking cardinal-bishop of those under 80. Inside the chapel, Cardinal Re will administer the oath of secrecy and preside over the conclave. When a candidate achieves a twothirds majority vote, the dean — in the name of the entire college — asks the candidate if he accepts the election and what name he will take. (CNS)
Particular congregations
Between popes, the church’s camerlengo and three other cardinals chosen by lot handle the day-to-day business of the Holy See in daily meetings called particular congregations. These continue while the cardinals are in conclave. Every three days, three new cardinals are chosen by lot to assist the camerlengo. (CNS)
“Extra omnes”
The Latin command, “all outside,” orders everyone who is not authorized to be in the Sistine Chapel during the conclave to leave before the conclave starts. (CNS)
Scrutineers
These are three cardinals, chosen by lot at the start of a conclave, to oversee the depositing of the marked, folded ballots for pope into an urn. They shake the urn, count the ballots to assure the number of votes and voters matches, then open each ballot and record and read aloud the name on it. They add the votes cast for each candidate to determine if a pope has been elected and handle the burning of the ballots and any notes taken by cardinals. (CNS)
“Infirmieri”
There are three cardinals, chosen by lot at the start of a conclave, who oversee conclave balloting by any cardinal-electors who are too ill or infirm to sit through the conclave sessions in the Sistine Chapel. On each ballot, after depositing their votes in an urn, they go together to the sick cardinals with blank ballots and a locked box in which the completed ballots can be placed through a slit. They return to the conclave and deliver the votes. (CNS)
Revisers
There are three cardinals, chosen by lot at the start of a conclave, who recount and verify each round of balloting for the election of a pope, to determine whether a pope has been elected on that ballot. (CNS)
march 8, 2013
Employment Chief financial officer - The Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas is seeking a chief financial officer (CFO) to assume responsibilities of the position on July 1. The CFO is a key collaborator with the archbishop, through the vicar general and chancellor, to ensure the financial stability of the archdiocese and to assure ethical, wise and transparent management of the temporal goods of the local church. The CFO is responsible for all aspects of financial planning, control, reporting and treasury functions of the archdiocese. Direct reports to the CFO include the director of accounting and the director of human resources. The position includes oversight of accounting and management of financial resources; human resources and employee benefit programs; pension plans; investments; risk management; and stewardship of all assets. The CFO is appointed by the archbishop for an initial five-year term, which may be renewed for subsequent terms. Due to the ecclesiastical nature of this position, the candidate must be a Catholic in full communion with the church, accepting of all magisterial teachings, and be a person of solid moral character. Qualified candidates must have 8 to 10 years of experience in financial management with increasing responsibilities requiring multifaceted direction and planning. Bachelor’s degree in accounting or finance required; CPA or master’s degree preferred. Interested applicants are required to submit the following: a cover letter addressing why you want to work for the church; resume; and letter of support from your pastor. Please mail to: Kathleen Thomas, Director of Human Resources, Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas, CFO Search, 12615 Parallel Pkwy., Kansas City, KS 66109. Materials may also be submitted by sending an email to: kthomas@archkck. org. Submission deadline is March 29. 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classifieds Spring Cleanup Lawn mowing. Leaf removal. Tree and shrub trimming. Local Parishioner Call Tony at (913) 620-6063 Free Estimates/Insured/References Mike Hammer local moving - A full-service mover. Packing, pianos, rental truck load/unload, storage container load/unload, and in-home moving. No job too small. Serving JoCo since 1987. St. Joseph, Shawnee, parishioner. Call Mike at (913) 927-4347 or send an email to: mikehammer moving@aol.com. T-shirt Quilts! Graduation Quilts! Quilted Memories is now accepting graduation quilt orders. Let’s work together to design a unique memory quilt for your grad! 7913 Santa Fe Dr., Overland Park. (913) 649-2704 or (913) 4928877. Full service long arm quilting shop! Heating and cooling repair and replacement. Call Joe with JB Design and Service. Licensed and insured with 20 years experience. Member of Divine Mercy Parish. Call Joe at (913) 915-6887. Rodman Lawn Care - Mowing, leaf removal, mulch and more. Call John Rodman, member of Holy Cross Parish, Overland Park, at (913) 548-3002 or send an email to him at: Rodman.Lawn@yahoo.com. Cleaning lady - Reasonable rates; references provided. Call (913) 940-2959. Bankruptcy consultation - If debts are overwhelming you, seek hope and help from compassionate, experienced Catholic attorney, Teresa Kidd. For a free consultation, call (913) 422-0610; send an email to: tkidd@ kc.rr.com; or visit the website at: www.bankruptcylawin kansascity.com. CLUTTER GETTING YOU DOWN? Organize, fix, assemble, install! “Kevin Of All Trades” your professional organizer and “HONEY-DO-LIST” specialist. Call today for a free consultation at (913) 271-5055. Insured. References. Visit our website at: www.KOATINDUSTRIES.com. Housecleaning - Old-fashioned cleaning, hand mopping, etc. A thorough and consistent job every time. References from customers I’ve served for over 17 years. Call Sharon at (816) 322-0006 (home) or (816) 214-0156 (mobile). MEDICATION SETUP & MANAGEMENT - RN support visits for filling weekly pill boxes & managing medication. Affordable and convenient. To learn more, call Home Connect Health Services at (913) 627-9222. Agua Fina Irrigation and Landscape The one-stop location for your project! Landscape and irrigation design, installation and maintenance. Cleanup and grading services It’s time to repair your lawn. 20% discount on lawn renovations with mention of this ad. Visit the website at: www.goaguafina.com Call (913) 530-7260 or (913) 530-5661 Electrician - Free estimates; reasonable rates. JoCo and south KC metro. Call Pat at (913) 963-9896. ALL AREA CATHOLICS WELCOME Christ the King Parish Federal Credit Union 5417 Leavenworth Rd., Kansas City, Kan. Good Car Loan and Share Loan Rates (913) 287-8448 or (913) 980-2192 Hours: 7 - 9 p.m., Mon., Wed., Fri. Tree service - Pruning trees for optimal growth and beauty and removal of hazardous limbs or problem trees. Free consultation and bid. Safe, insured, professional. Cristofer Estrada, Green Solutions of KC, (913) 378-5872. www. GreenSolutionsKC.com.
Home Improvement Spring is here! I do decks, fences, siding, windows, doors, roofing, exterior house painting and can cover all your landscaping needs. I bid and do the work, and am fully insured. Serving the Leaven parishioners for 12 years. Call Joshua Doherty at (913)-709-7230. Swalms Organizing Service - Reducing Clutter - Enjoy an Organized Home! Basement, garage, attic, shop, storage rooms - any room organized! Belongings sorted, boxed and labeled, items hauled or taken for recycling, trash bagged. For before and after photos, visit: www. swalmsorganizing.com. Over 20 years of organizing experience; insured. Call Tillar at (913) 375-9115. STA (Sure Thing Always) Home Repair - Basement finish, bathrooms and kitchens; interior & exterior repairs: painting, roofing, siding, wood replacement and window glazing. Free estimates. Call (913) 491-5837 or (913) 5791835. Email: smokeycabin@hotmail.com. Member of Holy Trinity, Lenexa. Perfect Roof - Free estimates; roofing repairs if needed. Hail and wind damage inspections. Insured and reasonable. Call (816) 288-1693. All commercial and residential mowing. Services also include powerwashing, gutter cleaning, foundation dirt, retaining walls and spring seeding. Call (816) 509-0224.
The Drywall Doctor, Inc. - A unique solution to your drywall problems! We fix all types of ceiling and wall damage — from water stains and stress cracks to texture repairs and skim coating. We provide professional, timely repairs and leave the job site clean! Lead-certified and insured! Serving the metro since 1997. Call (913) 768-6655. Detail construction and remodeling - We offer a full line of home remodeling services. Don’t move — remodel! Johnson county area. Call for a free quote. (913) 709-8401. House painting - Interior and exterior; wall paper removal. 20 years experience. Reasonable rates. Call Joe at (913) 620-5776. Tim the Handyman - Small jobs, faucets, garbage disposals, toilets, ceiling fans, light fixtures, painting, wall ceiling repair, wood rot, siding, desks, doors, windows, and gutter cleaning. Call (913) 526-1844. EL SOL Y LA TIERRA *Commercial & residential * Lawn renovation *Mowing * Clean-up and hauling * Dirt grading/installation * Landscape design * Free estimates Hablamos y escribimos Ingles!! Call Lupe at (816) 252-3376 Custom countertops - Laminates installed within 5 days. Cambria, granite, and solid surface. Competitive prices, dependable work. Call the Top Shop, Inc., at (913) 962-5058. Members of St. Joseph, Shawnee. Exterior painting, drywall projects, wood rot repair, bathroom and kitchen remodels, and tile work - Quality products. 20 years experience. References. Call (913) 206-4524. Brick mason - Available year-round; installation and repair of all types of masonry work — brick, stone, tile and flat work. 19 years of residential/commercial experience. Free quote – KC metro area – small and large jobs accepted. Call (913) 485-4307. Yes, we renovate kitchen/ bathroom cabinets and install new floor tile. Adept Home Improvements Where quality still counts! Basement finishing, Kitchens and baths, Electrical and plumbing, Licensed and insured. (913) 599-7998
Caregiving Looking for high quality home care? - Whether you’re looking to introduce care for your family or simply looking to improve your current home care quality, we can help. Our unique approach to home care has earned us a 99% client satisfaction rating among the 1,000-plus families we have assisted. We are family-owned, with offices in Lenexa and Lawrence. Call Benefits of Home Senior Care, Lenexa: (913) 422-1591 or Lawrence: (785) 727-1816 or visit our website at: www.benefitsofhome. com. Experienced RN of 25 years - Ready and willing to help you keep your loved one in his or her home. I have many years experience in geriatrics, Alzheimer’s and diabetic care. I am available to take your loved one to the dentist, doctor, or hair dresser and grocery shopping. I will do meal preparation and set up medication cassettes for your parent. Please call (913) 710-5412. Professional references and background check provided upon request. Johnson County area. Have a loved one with Alzheimer’s disease? Inquire about our fresh, unique approach to care. At ComfortCare Homes of Kansas City, we provide a calm, stressfree and well-structured home environment for five to eight residents living with Alzheimer’s disease. A ComfortCare home is not “homelike” but rather it is a real home in a real neighborhood — there are no signs in the yard, no restaurant-style dining and no long, impersonal halls lined with patients. To tour and learn more, call Courtney Minter at (913) 609-1891 or visit the website at: www.ComfortCareKC.com. Caregiving - Catholic woman with 30 years experience is available to care for your loved one in their home. Spent the past 3 years exclusively caring for one client. Excellent references available. Prefer part time. Call (913) 579-8914.
Page 13 | the leaven Caregiving - We provide personal assistance, companionship, care management, and transportation to the elderly and disabled in home, assisted living and nursing facilities. We also provide respite care for main caregivers needing some personal time. Call Daughters & Company at (913) 341-2500 and speak with Laurie, Debbie or Gary.
MISCELLANEOUS Learn CPR and basic life support - Along with how to operate an AED machine and Heartsaver Pediatric First Aid. Friends and family classes for large groups. Adult, child and infant CPR classes are all taught hands-on with new mannequins. Available to come to your church, office or place of business. AHA certification cards are valid for two years. Contact certified CPR instructor Roberta Tease at (913) 850-1999 or (913) 299-2500.
for sale Max’s rosaries - Custom-made locally for all occasions – first Communion, confirmation, baptism, graduation. Rosary bracelets and beaded earrings too! I also do repairs. Member of the Church of the Ascension, Overland Park. Call (913) 400-3236. For sale - 2 side-by-side individual full body crypts (#30 & #32) in Gate of Heaven Mausoleum, Kansas City, Kan., Queen of Heaven Court, Level “D.” Current selling price at this level would be $12,000, reduced to $7,500. Must sell. Contact Cathy M. to make an offer at (913) 485-7076. Residential lifts - Buy/sell/trade. Stair lifts, porch lifts, ceiling lifts and elevators. Recycled and new equipment. Member of St. Michael the Archangel Parish, Leawood. Call Silver Cross KC at (913) 327-5557.
REAL ESTATE Real estate home loans - Primary Residential Mortgage, Inc., 4105 W. 6th St., Suite A-6, Lawrence. James J. Weber is a 35-year real estate financing veteran and is the new office manager. Programs include conventional, FHA, VA, USDA, etc. Specializing in financing purchase/refinance home loans with FICO credit scored from 620+ to 800+ with low interest rates and low down payments. Have you been turned down for a home loan? The FHA choice purchase/refinance program assists eligible clients with 30year fixed rate financing with FICO credit scored between 500+ to 619. Email James at: jweber@primeres.com or call (785) 259-1507 for more information on any program and a loan qualification.
vacation Travel to Ireland - With the Ottawa Area Chamber of Commerce. Attend an informational meeting at 6 p.m. on March 12 at the Neosho Community College Auditorium, 900 E. Logan St., Ottawa. Call Sherri at (785) 242-1000 or visit the website at: www.ottawakansas.org for additional information. Ski cabin in Winter Park, Colo. - 2 BR, 1 BA, fully furnished; sleeps four. View of Continental Divide from deck. Close to points of interest and activities. $115/night. Call (913) 642-3027. For pictures, visit the website at: www. tillmancabin.com.
wanted to buy Antiques wanted I buy old pocket & wristwatches; sets of silverware; souvenir spoons; advertising signs; coins; and Native American turquoise jewelry, arrowheads & rugs. Call Chris at (913) 593-7507 or (913) 642-8269. Will buy firearms and related accessories - One or a whole collection. Honest evaluation and top prices paid. Contact Tom at (913) 238-2473. Member of Sacred Heart Parish, Shawnee. *** Wanted to buy *** Antique/vintage jewelry, paintings, pottery, prints, sterling, etc. Renee Maderak (913) 631-7179 St. Joseph Parish, Shawnee
Buying a classified ad
Cost to advertise is: $17.50 for five lines or less; $1.50 each additional line; Email: julie@ theleaven.com; Phone: (913) 647-0327
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c o n c l av e
page 16 | theleaven
March 8, 2013
Goodbye, Pope Benedict Kansans gather in St. Peter’s Square for pope’s final general audience By Jessica Langdon Leaven staff
By Carol Glatz Catholic News Service
C
K
ANSAS CITY, Kan. — The same week heavy snow canceled classes in northeast Kansas, some schools shut down for a while in Rome — but for a far different reason. At the pontifical universities, where archdiocesan seminarians Agustin Martinez and Luke Doyle study theology, morning classes were called off so students could attend Pope Benedict XVI’s final general audience on Feb. 27. Martinez and Doyle, both in their first year of theology, joined tens of thousands of others in paying their respects to the pope who would step down the following day. “This was a highly emotional event,” said Martinez. “The audience was full of people showing their affection to Pope Benedict with their songs, signs, shouts and tears.” Father Vince Huber, AVI, whose family belongs to Church of the Nativity in Leawood, joined some of his brothers from the Apostles of the Interior Life for the audience. They arrived early, knowing St. Peter’s Square would fill up fast. They sat near the obelisk, a major landmark in the middle of St. Peter’s Square, and Father Vince said not only was the square full, but the crowd spilled into the street beyond it. Pope Benedict gave a reflection that strayed from his usual catechesis. “It seemed like a father saying goodbye to his children,” said Father Vince. “It was very moving. It was actually a very humble speech. He was just saying how I’m not leaving you; I’ve always considered you my brothers and sisters in Christ and also my daughters and sons. I’m not leaving you now; I’m just doing what I think is best for the church and stepping down.” He told the audience he had come to this decision after much time in prayer, discerning God’s will. Like many others at the event, the Apostles of the Interior Life seized the last opportunity to have items blessed by Pope Benedict XVI and held out a few rosaries to be blessed. Father Vince will remember this pope as a fatherly man, and his simplicity and genuine kindness will always stand out. Pope Benedict seemed to be at peace, despite his monumental decision, said Doyle. The 85-year-old pope first spoke to the audience in Italian, but then went on to address them in a total of 11 languages, including German, French, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish, Romanian and Arabic — a language
Pope says he’s going from humble servant to simple pilgrim
Photo by Stefano Spaziani
After his brief, but touching, remarks at his final public appearance as pontiff, Pope Benedict XVI leaves the balcony of Castel Gandolfo, the papal villa where he’ll stay for the first months of his retirement. Doyle noted Pope Benedict started to study at age 83. As the crowd broke into applause, repeatedly interrupting his words, Pope Benedict “always welcomed our signs of affection with a warm ‘grazie,’” said Martinez. Both seminarians were touched by some of the pope’s parting words, in which he told the audience: “God guides his church, maintains her always, and especially in difficult times. Let us never lose this vision of faith, which is the only true vision of the way of the church and the world. In our heart, in the heart of each of you, let there be always the joyous certainty that the Lord is near, that he does not
abandon us, that he is near to us and that he surrounds us with his love.” Martinez and Doyle also attended other events — including his last Angelus — during the final days of Pope Benedict’s papacy. Both went to the rooftop of the Pontifical North American College on Feb. 28 — his official last day — to wave goodbye as his helicopter flew over, destined for his temporary residence outside Rome in Castel Gandolfo. “We had several American and Vatican flags, along with many signs and banners to send the pope off,” said Doyle. “He took off in his helicopter, was given a flyover of the Vatican, and flew directly over us!”
ASTEL GANDOLFO, Italy (CNS) — Pope Benedict XVI, who began his papacy describing himself as a “humble servant in the Lord’s vineyard,” described his retirement as a time of being a “simple pilgrim, who begins the last stage of his pilgrimage on this earth.” The 85-year-old pope arrived in Castel Gandolfo Feb. 28 about two-and-a-half hours before the end of his pontificate. He planned to spend about two months at the papal villa south of Rome before moving into a former monastery in the Vatican Gardens. The pope arrived in a helicopter from the Vatican and rode by car through the fields and formal gardens of the papal villa before reaching the residence. Hours before he arrived, townspeople, pilgrims and visitors began filling the main square outside the papal residence. As they waited for the pope, they prayed the rosary. As soon as he entered the residence, the pope went upstairs and, standing on the balcony overlooking the main square, he greeted the crowd. “Dear friends, I am happy to be with you, surrounded by the beauty of creation and by your friendship, which does me such good,” he told them. “You know that for me, today is different than the days that have gone before. You know that I am no longer supreme pontiff of the Catholic Church — until 8 o’clock I will be, but not after that.” “I am a simple pilgrim who begins the last stage of his pilgrimage on this earth,” he told them. “But with all my heart, with all my love, with my prayers, with my reflection, with all my interior strength, I still want to work for the common good and the good of the church and humanity,” he told them. Pope Benedict thanked the people for their support and asked them to continue to pray and work for the good of the church, too. “With all my heart, I impart my blessing,” he told them, before giving a simple blessing, in Italian, in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Enzo Romagnoli, who runs a deli near the papal villa, told Catholic News Service he was born during the pontificate of Pius XI. “Since then, I’ve seen all the popes here.” “It is both sad and beautiful” to have Pope Benedict in town as he retires, he said. “But we are honored to have him here.” Romagnoli said when he travels and people ask him where he’s from, he responds “Castel Gandolfo,” and everyone knows where that is, which is an honor for such a small town. Even half an hour after the pope had gone inside, a man dressed in a suit stood near the entrance to the villa with a sign, “Dear Pope, we are with you and we will miss you.”
the pope in retirement His name
Pope Benedict XVI will continue to be known as Pope Benedict and addressed as “his holiness,” even in retirement, but he will add the title “emeritus” in one of two acceptable forms, either “pope emeritus” or “Roman pontiff emeritus.”
His attire
Pope Benedict will continue to wear a white cassock, but it will be a simplified version of the papal vestment, mainly without the little white cape piece on the shoulders.
His shoes
Pope Benedict will leave behind his emblematic red shoes, Father Lombardi said. Instead, he will wear brown shoes, beginning with loafers he was given as a gift last March during a visit to Leon, Mexico.
His ring
Pope Benedict gave the College of Cardinals his “fisherman’s ring” and its seal was broken, as is traditionally done upon the death of a pope. The pope will go back to wearing an episcopal ring he wore as a cardinal.