Energy Around the World

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Energy Around the World Students explore energy use in other countries and compare it to energy use in the United States.

e

Grade Levels:

Pri Ele

Int

Elem

Elementary

Sec

Secondary

Pri Ele

Int

Intermediate

Sec

Subject Areas: Science

Social Studies

Math

Language Arts

Technology

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NEED Mission Statement

Teacher Advisory Board Shelly Baumann Rockford, MI

Barbara Lazar Albuquerque, NM

Constance Beatty Kankakee, IL

Robert Lazar Albuquerque, NM

Amy Constant Raleigh, NC

Leslie Lively Porters Falls, WV

Nina Corley Galveston, TX

Jennifer Winterbottom Pottstown, PA

Regina Donour Whitesburg, KY

Mollie Mukhamedov Port St. Lucie, FL

Linda Fonner New Martinsville, WV

Don Pruett Jr. Sumner, WA

Samantha Forbes Vienna, VA

Josh Rubin Palo Alto, CA

Robert Griegoliet Naperville, IL

Joanne Spaziano Cranston, RI

Michelle Garlick

Gina Spencer Virginia Beach, VA

Viola Henry Thaxton, VA

Tom Spencer Chesapeake, VA

Bob Hodash

Jennifer Trochez MacLean Los Angeles, CA

DaNel Hogan Tucson, AZ Greg Holman Paradise, CA Linda Hutton Kitty Hawk, NC Matthew Inman Spokane, WA

The mission of The NEED Project is to promote an energy conscious and educated society by creating effective networks of students, educators, business, government and community leaders to design and deliver objective, multisided energy education programs.

Teacher Advisory Board Statement In support of NEED, the national Teacher Advisory Board (TAB) is dedicated to developing and promoting standardsbased energy curriculum and training.

Permission to Copy NEED materials may be reproduced for non-commercial educational purposes.

Energy Data Used in NEED Materials NEED believes in providing the most recently reported energy data available to our teachers and students. Most statistics and data are derived from the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Annual Energy Review that is published yearly. Working in partnership with EIA, NEED includes easy to understand data in our curriculum materials. To do further research, visit the EIA web site at www.eia.gov. EIA’s Energy Kids site has great lessons and activities for students at www.eia.gov/kids.

Joanne Trombley West Chester, PA Jen Varrella Fort Collins, CO Carolyn Wuest Pensacola, FL Wayne Yonkelowitz Fayetteville, WV

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Energy Around the World

Energy Around the World The information in this publication is taken from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the CIA World Factbook, and the International Energy Agency.

© 2014 The NEED Project

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Table of Contents Standards Correlation Information

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Teacher Guide

5

Sample Script

8

Continent Profiles

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Continent Maps

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Country Profiles

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Evaluation Form

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Standards Correlation Information www.NEED.org/curriculumcorrelations

Next Generation Science Standards This guide effectively supports many Next Generation Science Standards. This material can satisfy performance expectations, science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas, and cross cutting concepts within your required curriculum. For more details on these correlations, please visit NEED’s curriculum correlations web site.

Common Core State Standards This guide has been correlated to the Common Core State Standards in both language arts and mathematics. These correlations are broken down by grade level and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED curriculum correlations web site.

Individual State Science Standards This guide has been correlated to each state’s individual science standards. These correlations are broken down by grade level and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED web site.

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Energy Around the World

Teacher Guide & Background

Grade Levels

Countries use many energy resources at different levels of consumption depending on the climate, available resources, level of industrialization, economic status, and culture. The purpose of this activity is to introduce students to the different ways that people in other countries produce and consume energy by providing information on a representative sample of countries throughout the world. This activity is designed for use with upper elementary, middle school, and secondary students.

Elementary,

5 Intermediate,

6-8 Secondary,

9-12

 Time Five 45-minute class periods (plus out-of-class research)

Concepts The

world’s energy resources are not equitably distributed throughout the world. Some countries are rich in resources, while others lack resources.

Industrialized

nations consume a disproportionate share of the world’s energy resources.

The

availability of resources, the climate, culture, level of industrialization, and economic well-being contribute significantly to the type and amount of resources consumed in different countries.

Countries

in the Northern Hemisphere use more energy resources and are more industrialized than countries in the Southern Hemisphere.

 Materials Sample

script for teacher demonstration United

States profile for comparison and contrast One

country profile for each student One

corresponding continent profile for each student Poster

board, transparencies, or digital projector for use in presentations

✔Procedure

Step One—Preparation

1. Make one country profile for each student.

2. Divide the country profiles into five continent groups: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Australia, as a country-continent, will be discussed in the teacher demonstration.

Information on Antarctica is also provided for you to present to the students, since it is not an organized country.

3. Make enough copies of each continent profile and continent map so that every student assigned a country within that continent will have one of each. Attach one continent profile to each country profile.

4. Project the profile of the U.S., or copy, and provide one for each student.

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Step Two—Introduce Unit to the Class

1. Introduce the activity to the class by explaining that each student will be preparing a short presentation to the class on his/her assigned country. Students will also work in groups, according to continent, to prepare a short group profile of their continent.

2. Give students a general overview of energy use around the world, and review background information and concepts, using the continent profiles as a source of information. Refer to NEED’s Energy Infobooks for more background information, if necessary. The Infobooks are available at the elementary, intermediate, and secondary levels and can be downloaded from www.NEED.org.

3. Distribute one country profile to each student and have the students form continent groups.

4. Give students an explanation of Antarctica. Discuss why students will not be tackling Antarctica in their groups. Present the sample script on Australia. You may choose to get into costume while presenting Australia’s information, to encourage creativity in student presentations. Example props may include a fake boomerang, bush hat, khaki clothing, or a rugby shirt.

5. After your presentation, restate the important energy information that was given.

6. Give the class the remainder of the class period to familiarize themselves with the information about their individual countries. Briefly discuss the U.S. profile as a class so that the students can compare and contrast their countries’ data and have a familiar context with which to work. If the students are unfamiliar with some of the statistics, explain the meaning of them at this time.

7. It should be emphasized that the statistics, on their own, are of little value. It is in the context of comparison with other countries around the world that they become meaningful. Caution students not to state the statistics themselves in their reports, but to compare the statistics to those of the U.S. and other countries on their continent, and to think about what those statistics tell them about the standard of living in their countries.

NOTE: International energy statistics can take several years to reflect recent events. Data for individual countries is often reported differently and takes longer to compile. Data for these profile reflects the most recent data for the individual countries and continents, which in most cases is 2012 data.

8. For many students, an explanation of per capita may be helpful. The production and consumption statistics, especially, should be explained to younger students, so that they understand that industry and business are included in these figures. All students need to understand that the figures represent the consumption and production of the entire country, divided by the population—and that individuals do not consume or produce the energy reported.

For example: not every individual in the U.S. consumes 273 million Btu of energy per year—but the statistic indicates a highly industrialized society that consumes a large amount of energy. On the other hand, Greenland in not highly industrialized—why is its energy consumption per capita so high? The climate and very small population, as well as population density, are factors that should be considered.

9. Electricity generation data is categorized four ways: Hydropower, Thermal, Nuclear, and Other Renewables. Discuss the sources of energy used to generate electricity in each category to help students understand the resources used by each country. Thermal includes all fossil fuels, biomass, and geothermal - anything that creates heat to generate electricity. Other Renewables includes solar and wind only.

10. Discuss with students that throughout the profiles, measurements are reported in metric units. Students may want to convert these measurements for context during their presentations. Ask students why they think all units have been reported in metrics, while income figures are reported in U.S. Dollars. Go over the following terms of measurements with the class: 1 Btu (British thermal unit) = approximately the amount of energy released by burning one wooden kitchen match.

1 Q (quad—1 quadrillion (1015) Btu). Quads are used to measure very large quantities of energy. The U.S. uses one quad of energy about every 3.80 days.

1 MMT (million metric ton). A measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide released by fuel use.

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Energy Around the World

11. Give the students the following instructions: Each

of you has been assigned a country about which you will prepare a short presentation like the one I’ve just given. A map of your country should accompany your presentation.

You

will also work as a group to prepare a short presentation on the continent in which your country is located. Using the individual profiles I have given you, compare and contrast the countries within your continent. Use the data about the United States, too. The statistics themselves aren’t the only important part of your report. You should also compare your statistics with those of the U.S. and the other countries on your continent, and report what they tell you about your country. You will need to think about what your statistics mean. You might need to do some additional research to find some interesting information about your country and your continent. Be as creative as possible.

Create

a presentation that displays the continent. The location of your countries should be a part of your presentation.

Presentations can be multimedia, including posters, PowerPoints, or animations. In your group, you might want to assign different tasks to the members. One member might create the presentation, one might do the research, one might write the sample script, and one might deliver the presentation, for example. You will have the rest of the class period to plan your presentations. Are there any questions?

Step Three—Monitor Group Work

1. Make sure that each group has assigned tasks to each member of the group.

2. Give the groups a few minutes at the end of each of the next few class periods to check on the progress of their work. On the day before presentations are due to begin, give the groups 15 minutes to practice their presentations.

Step Four—Student Presentations

1. The presentations should begin with a group presentation of one continent, followed by the individual presentations of the countries within that continent. If a student has been assigned to present the information on the United States, make this presentation first, so that students have a firm understanding of their own country and continent before proceeding to the other continents.

2. Suggest that the students use the continent presentations, as well as the country presentations, to share their information. Once the presentations have been completed, review and discuss the activity concepts.

Step Five—Grading and Evaluation

1. You can use the grading guide below or develop your own rubrics.

Group

Presentation—40 points Individual

Presentation—60 points

 Technology Extension 1. Encourage students to make their presentations using multimedia software or devices.

2. Utilize software, or a spreadsheet program, such as Excel, that will allow students to perform statistical analysis. Have students prepare a graphic analysis as part of their presentations.

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Sample Script: Australia “G’day, mates! M’name’s Mathilda and I’m from the land down under—Australia, that is. Australia might be the smallest continent, but it’s the sixth largest country in the world. One continent—one country. Technically speaking, the Commonwealth of Australia is really bigger than the continent, because it includes the island of Tasmania.

Australia is located south of Japan, way south, in the Southern Hemisphere, between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. (Use a world map to show relative size, location, and other islands.) It’s part of a large group of islands called Oceania. These islands include New Zealand, Fiji, and New Guinea.

There are a few mountain ranges in Australia and even a little tropical rain forest, but most of the land is hot, flat, and dry—especially the interior and the north and west coasts. In fact, a lot of the interior, or outback, is grazing land or desert, and nearly deserted. On average, there are only eight people per square mile, compared to the United States that has 90.

Most of us (89 percent) live in cities on the east and southeast coasts, where the climate is temperate, a lot like your California. A city-slicker isn’t your idea of the typical Australian, is it?

I guess you can tell that English is the official language in Australia. The native Australians—the Aborigines—make up less than one percent of the population. The other 99 percent are immigrants or descendants of early settlers, mostly English and Irish.

We Australians live a pretty good life. There’s one car for every two people. Just like in the United States, everybody has to go to school here until they’re 15 or 16, and 99 percent of the people can read and write. Most of us have cell phones, televisions, and computers. We live in a democracy—just like you—and have the same freedoms.

Australia has lots of natural resources, too. It used to be that most of our money came from exporting wool, meat, and wheat, all grown on that vast interior land I told you about. But in the last 35 years, things have changed. We discovered that we have vast deposits of coal, iron ore, gold, uranium, and bauxite (the ore from which aluminum is extracted). Now mining is our major industry. In fact, Australia is the largest exporter of coal in the world. We export most of our coal to Japan and other Asian countries.

We’ve discovered oil and gas fields, too. We’ve begun building long pipelines to move the oil and gas to industrial areas.

Almost ninety-one percent of our electricity comes from thermal energy—burning coal and natural gas, mostly. The rest comes from hydropower plants and other energy sources. There are only a few areas here that have enough rainfall to power hydro plants. We have a lot of sun, though, and in the last few years, development of solar facilities has begun. Even though we have huge deposits of uranium, we don’t produce electricity in nuclear power plants.

Using fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Australia emits a lot of carbon dioxide—over 17 metric tons per person.

That’s slightly more than the average American produces. The Australian government signed the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gas emissions.

A lot of people in Australia are also worried about mining coal, uranium, and other minerals, and the effect it has on the environment. We Australians are very protective of our beautiful country, and our laws make environmental concerns an important part of every decision that is made.

So long, mates. If you have any questions, I’d be glad to try to answer them before I head down under.”

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Energy Around the World

CONTINENT PROFILE

Australia Continent Size Population

Australia 7,682,300 square kilometers, the smallest of the seven continents 22,760,000 People 89.2% Urban, 10.8% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Federal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

11.77 Q

Total

4.88 Q

English $43,000 550 cars per 1,000 people 99% Most of Australia is very hot and dry; much of the interior is desert. The coastal areas of the east, southeast, and southwest (where most people live) are the only temperate regions.

6.7% 90.7% 2.6%

214.26 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

396.8 MMT (17.4 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Australia is a major world producer and leading exporter of coal. Its coal reserves are immense. It also has significant reserves of oil and gas, large deposits of uranium, and hydropower potential.

Environmental Concerns

Australians are very concerned about environmental issues. They are concerned about soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices. They are also concerned about soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water. Other concerns include desertification; habitat preservation of threatened species; protecting the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast; and limited natural freshwater resources. As coal mining continues, a watchful eye is kept on the mining industry.

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Exports over half of the energy it produces, mostly coal. Australia is the worlds largest exporter of coal.

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CONTINENT PROFILE

Antarctica Continent Size

Antarctica 13,998,886 square kilometers, fifth largest continent About one and a half times the size of the United States

Population

4,400 people in summer; 1,100 in winter Transient population—mostly researchers from many countries working at remote research stations. Few researchers stay more than two years.

Government

The Antarctica Treaty of 1959 allows for an international group to govern. The Treaty requires that Antarctica only be used for peaceful purposes.

Language Transportation Climate

None

Electricity Generation

Each research station has its own generator. Use of alternative energy sources to fossil fuels is encouraged, especially solar and wind generators.

Energy Resources

The potential energy and mineral resources under the ice of Antarctica have not been fully explored.

Locked in the ice is an enormous amount of methane, but there is no known method at this time to extract it without damaging the ecology. There are some countries that are calling for Antarctica to be declared a world park with a ban on mining. Other countries, especially Chile and Argentina, see this ban as a threat to their territorial rights.

Environmental Concerns

Climate change and the depletion of the ozone layer may have adverse effects on the fragile ecology and marine food chain. The waters around Antarctica are feeding grounds for whales.

Mostly by ship and airplanes with skis. There are no cars in Antarctica.

Antarctica is almost entirely covered by ice more than one mile thick. It is the coldest and windiest continent with temperatures rarely climbing above freezing. About 70 percent of the fresh water in the world is locked in the ice of Antarctica.

North America and Central America Population Resources

546 million people

Energy Production Energy Consumption Energy Balance

Total

107.872 Q

Total

122.816 Q

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North America is the third largest continent. Much of North America is rich in minerals. There is abundant coal and uranium and vast reserves of petroleum and natural gas, especially in offshore deposits. There is potential for expanded use of geothermal energy. Most countries have potential for expanded use of hydropower.

Imports and exports vary greatly by country. As a whole, the continent imports about 15 percent of the energy it consumes.

Energy Around the World

CONTINENT PROFILE

South America Population Resources

396 million people South America is the fourth largest continent. Located in the Southern Hemisphere, it has one of the world’s most important resources—the Amazonian rain forest. The rain forest is a major source of oxygen for the planet. The Amazon River, which flows through South America, is one of the world’s longest rivers and carries one-fifth of all the water that runs off the Earth’s surface to the oceans.

South America is rich in energy resources, many of them not yet measured. The largest petroleum deposits are located in Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Colombia has large deposits of coal, with lesser amounts found in Brazil, Venezuela, and Chile.

Large deposits of natural gas are found in Venezuela and Argentina, with lesser reserves in Colombia, Brazil, and Bolivia. Chile, Peru, and Ecuador also have natural gas deposits. Argentina has large deposits of uranium.

Energy Production Energy Consumption Energy Balance

Total

29.421 Q

Total

24.464 Q

Exports petroleum. Imports coal. Exports about 18 percent of the energy it produces.

Africa Population Resources

1.072 billion people Africa is the second largest continent and contains almost one-sixth of the world’s population. It rests in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, with the Equator running through its middle. Much of the northern half of the continent is part of the Sahara Desert. Tropical rain forest lies along the Equator, and large tropical grasslands fill much of the remaining interior. The more temperate areas of the extreme north and south are the best agricultural lands.

The central and southern parts of the continent are rich in minerals. Deposits of petroleum and natural gas are found in some of the northernmost countries. Many of the resources of Africa have not been fully explored yet, and few are fully utilized.

Energy Production Energy Consumption Energy Balance

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Total

33.930 Q

Total

16.765 Q

Exports petroleum, natural gas, and hydroelectric power. Exports more than half of the energy it produces.

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CONTINENT PROFILE

Europe Population Resources

740 million people Europe, the sixth largest continent, has a wide variety of countries, cultures, and climates. Most of the countries have abundant resources. There are major deposits of coal, petroleum, and natural gas in many areas. Many of the countries have hydropower potential.

Offshore oil and gas deposits in the North Sea could be immense. France has a well-developed nuclear program. A large portion of eastern Europe is suffering from contamination from the Chernobyl nuclear accident and other nuclear and chemical discharges.

Energy Production Energy Consumption Energy Balance

Total

47.096 Q

Total

89.215 Q

Imports petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Imports just under half of the energy it consumes.

Asia and the Middle East Population Resources

4.216 billion people Asia is the largest and most populated continent in the world. Asia is home to 55 percent of the world’s population. China alone contains about twenty percent of the world’s people, and India another 18 percent.

Japan, with few resources of its own, is the most industrialized country.

The huge areas of China and Russia have vast resources of coal—most of it underdeveloped. The arid countries of the south have the major petroleum and natural gas deposits in the world. Many countries also have vast hydropower potential.

Energy Production Energy Consumption Energy Balance

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Total

287.609 Q

Total

260.793 Q

Exports a little less than 10% of the energy it produces. The Middle East exports a large amount of petroleum; parts of Asia import large amounts of coal and petroleum.

Energy Around the World

CONTINENT MAP

Antarctica

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CONTINENT MAP

North and Central America

ICELAND

GREENLAND

CANADA

ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON

PACIFIC OCEAN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ATLANTIC OCEAN BERMUDA THE BAHAMAS TURKS AND CAICOS

MEXICO

HAITI

CUBA BELIZE JAMAICA HONDURAS GUATEMALA EL SALVADOR

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

NICARAGUA

COSTA RICA

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PUERTO RICO

PANAMA

Energy Around the World

CONTINENT MAP

South America VENEZUELA

GUYANA

FRENCH GUIANA (FRANCE)

SURINAME COLOMBIA

ECUADOR

PERU

BRAZIL

BOLIVIA

PACIFIC OCEAN

PARAGUAY CHILE ATLANTIC OCEAN

ARGENTINA

URUGUAY

FALKLAND ISLANDS (U.K.)

SOUTH GEORGIA ISLAND (U.K.)

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CONTINENT MAP

Africa TUNISIA

MOROCCO

ALGERIA

WESTERN SAHARA

MAURITANIA

MALI

NIGER

SUDAN

ERITREA

BURKINA

FASO

GUINEA

SIERRA LEONE

EGYPT

CHAD

SENEGAL THE GAMBIA GUINEA BISSAU

LIBYA

DJIBOUTI

BENIN COTE D’IVOIRE (IVORY COAST)

LIBERIA

NIGERIA

TOGO

GHANA

SOUTH SUDAN

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

CAMEROON

ETHIOPIA

UGANDA EQUATORIAL GUINEA

REPUBLIC OF THE GABON CONGO

ATLANTIC OCEAN

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC RWANDA OF THE BURUNDI CONGO

SOMALIA

KENYA

TANZANIA

ASCENSION

INDIAN OCEAN

MALAWI

ANGOLA ZAMBIA ST. HELENA

MOZAMBIQUE

MADAGASCAR

ZAMBABWE

NAMIBIA

BOTSWANA

SWAZILAND LESOTHO TRISTA DA CUNHA

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SOUTH AFRICA

Energy Around the World

CONTINENT MAP

Europe

SVALBARD

JAN MAYEN

ICELAND

SWEDEN FAROE ISLANDS

FINLAND

NORWAY

RUSSIA

NORTH SEA

ESTONIA

ISLE OF MAN LATVIA

DENMARK

LITHUANIA

IRELAND UNITED KINGDOM ATLANTIC OCEAN

BYELARUS

NETHERLANDS.

BELGIUM

GERMANY

POLAND

GUERNSEY

UKRAINE

JERSEY CZECH REPUBLIC

LUXEMBOURG

FRANCE

SLOVAKIA MOLDOVA

LIECHTENSTEIN

AUSTRIA

SWITZERLAND

HUNGARY ROMANIA

SLOVENIA SAN MARINO

ANDORRA

PORTUGAL

MONACO

ITALY

SPAIN

CROATIA BOSNIA AND SERBIA HERZEGOVINA

BULGARIA

BLACK SEA

MONTENEGRO KOSOVO MACEDONIA ALBANIA

VATICAN CITY

TURKEY

GREECE

MEDITERRANEAN SEA GIBRALTAR

CYPRUS AKROTIRI

MALTA

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DHEKELIA

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SUDAN

EGYPT

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

RED SEA

QATAR

BAHRAIN

KUWAIT

IRAQ

UZBEKISTAN

OMAN

TAJIKISTAN

INDIAN OCEAN

PAKISTAN

SRI LANKA

NEPAL

MALDIVES

INDIA

KYRGYZSTAN

KAZAKHSTAN

AFGHANISTAN

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

IRAN

TURKMENISTAN

GULF OF ADEN

YEMEN

PERSIAN GULF

IRAN

CASPIAN SEA

ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN

GEORGIA

RUSSIA

SAUDI ARABIA

SYRIA

JORDAN ISRAEL

LEBANON

CYPRUS

TURKEY

BLACK SEA

RUSSIA

Asia and the Middle East

BANGLADESH

BHUTAN

MYANMAR (BURMA)

CHINA

VIETNAM

INDONESIA

EAST TIMOR

SOUTH KOREA

NORTH KOREA

PHILIPPINES

TAIWAN

INDONESIA

BRUNEI

PARACEL ISLANDS

HONG KONG

MACAV

SPRATLY ISLANDS

SINGAPORE

MALAYSIA

CAMBODIA

THAILAND

LAOS

MONGOLIA

PALAU

JAPAN

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

PACIFIC OCEAN

CONTINENT MAP

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

United States Continent Size Population

Energy Consumption

North America 318,301,086 people 17.6% Rural

Government

Multiparty democracy, constitutionbased federal republic

Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

English

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

Energy Production

Total

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

5,287.2 MMT (16.9 metric tons/capita)

Resources

The U.S. is rich in energy resources.

There are vast deposits of coal. There are abundant petroleum and natural gas reserves, especially in Alaska and offshore. There is also the potential to increase energy production from geothermal, hydropower, solar, biomass, and wind.

Environmental Concerns

Many urban areas suffer from air pollution, caused mainly from vehicle use. Being a large carbon dioxide emitter from burning fossil fuels, global climate change is of great concern. However, there is opposition to increasing the use of nuclear power to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Offshore drilling for petroleum is monitored carefully for its environmental impact. There is increasing emphasis on renewable energy, conservation, and recycling.

People in western states must manage limited freshwater resources.

$52,800 439 cars per 1,000 people 99% The United States has a broad range of climates. The interior north and Alaska can have severe winters and cool summers. The south is generally hot in the summer, the east is humid, and the west is dry.

7.9% 69.8% 18.9% 3.4% 70.83 Q

Canada Continent Size

North America

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

16.23 Q

Total

9.99 Q

9,984,847 square kilometers 34,834,841 people 80.7% Urban

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

19.3% Rural

A parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional monarchy English and French $43,100

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CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

529.89 MMT (15.37 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Canada is a world leading exporter of forest products and producer of uranium. It has vast coal, hydropower, and natural gas reserves. Canada also has vast oil reserves, including the Alberta Tar Sands. Additional oil and gas are thought to exist in the Arctic regions. Oil and gas are exported to the U.S. It is also a major producer of hydropower.

Environmental Concerns

Ozone depletion is a major concern along with air pollution from industry and vehicle emissions. Acid rain is causing damage to lakes and forests.

99%

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

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59.0% 24.5% 14.7% 1.9%

286.9 million Btu/capita

420 cars per 1,000 people Canada, the world’s second-largest country, takes up the northern part of the continent. Its climate ranges from polar in the north to cool in the south, with the interior colder than the coastal areas.

Imports 21 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly as petroleum.

Electricity Generation*

Slightly larger than the U.S.

Population

86.95 Q

273.18 million Btu/capita

9,826,675 square kilometers 82.4% Urban

Total

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Exports 29 percent of the energy it produces.

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COUNTRY PROFILES

Cuba Continent Size

North American island country

Population

11,047,251 people

110,859 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Pennsylvania 75.2% Urban

24.8% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Communist state

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

Spanish

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

0 .225 Q

Total

0.444 Q

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

40.19 MMT (2.49 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Cuba’s major resource is sugar. It also has mineral deposits and petroleum reserves that it is beginning to develop. It has chronic fuel deficiencies and trades petroleum from Venezuela for services of Cuban medical personnel.

Environmental Concerns

Cuba’s main concern has been deforestation for fuel, and the resulting loss of biodiversity. Air and water pollution are also concerns.

Electricity Generation Energy Production Energy Consumption

Thermal

40.19 million Btu/capita

$10,200 21 cars per 1,000 people 99.8% Cuba’s sub-tropical climate is hot— very hot in the summer. There is plentiful rainfall in the mountains and to the north, but very little in the south.

Imports about 58 percent of the energy it consumes.

0.9% 96.2% 3.0%

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Greenland Continent Size

Population

North American island 2,175,600 square kilometers total 550,031 square kilometers of land area Slightly more than three times the size of Texas 57,728 people 84.7% Urban

15.3% Rural

Government

Parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Danish and Greenlandic (East Inuit)

20

$38,400

100%

Total

0Q

Total

.009 Q

155.9 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance Resources

0.65 MMT (6 metric tons/capita)

Environmental Concerns

A depletion of fishing stock is a concern. Also, ensuring the protection of the Artic environment.

Imports all of the energy it consumes.

Fishing and fish processing are the key industries. However, mining is an increasing part of the economy.

No data available 100% The climate is polar. All but the narrow, rocky costal areas are covered by polar icecap.

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

Guatemala Continent Size

North America (Central America)

Population

14,647,083 people

108,888 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Tennessee 49.8% Urban

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

50.2% Rural

Constitutional democratic republic Spanish

Energy Production Energy Consumption

0.403 Q

10.44 MMT (0.71 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Guatemala has large oil reserves and hydropower potential that have not been exploited. Most of its electricity comes from one hydropower plant that has been shut down on occasion because of lack of rain. Agriculture is a large income source.

Environmental Concerns

More than half of its forests have been destroyed. Soil erosion and water pollution are problems.

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

0.099 Q

Total

0.127 Q

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

2.13 MMT (0.21 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Haiti has few energy resources except hydropower.

Environmental Concerns

Most of its forest land is gone and much of its soil is eroded—it is one of the most environmentally damaged countries in the world.

Lack of safe drinking water is a problem.

75.9%

Hydropower Thermal Other

Total

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

37 cars per 1,000 people

Electricity Generation

0.291 Q

27.53 million Btu/capita

$5,300

The coastal regions are tropical (average temperature 28 degrees Celsius) with more temperate climate in the mountains of the interior.

Total

Imports 28 percent of the energy it consumes.

39.8% 58.4% 1.8%

Haiti Continent

North American island country (Central America)

Size

27,749 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Maryland

Population

9,996,731 people 53.4% Urban

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal

© 2014 The NEED Project

12.75 million Btu/capita

46.6% Rural

French and Creole $1,300 12 cars per 1,000 people 48.7% Haiti’s climate is tropical equatorial/ oceanic with less humidity than average in the Caribbean.

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

Imports 94 percent of the energy it consumes.

16.7% 83.3%

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

21

COUNTRY PROFILES

Mexico Continent Size

North America 1,972,540 square kilometers Slightly less than three times the size of Texas

Population

120,286,655 people 78.1% Urban

21.9% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Federal republic

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

Spanish

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

7.388 Q

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

432.3 MMT (3.96 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Mexico has vast undeveloped coal and hydro resources as well as large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. It is one of the largest producers of oil, most of which comes from offshore wells in the Gulf of Mexico.

Environmental Concerns

The government considers the lack of clean water and deforestation to be national security issues. Serious air and water pollution surrounds Mexico City, a large metropolitan area.

Energy Consumption

Total

191 cars per 1,000 people The Pacific coast areas are tropical, while the interior mountains and central plateau are warm and very dry.

9.056 Q

61.42 million Btu/capita

$15,600

93.5%

Total

12.3% 81.6% 3.4% 2.8%

Exports 18 percent of the energy it produces.

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Panama Continent Size

North America (Central America)

Population

3,608,431 people

78,205 square kilometers Slightly smaller than South Carolina 75.3% Urban

24.7% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Constitutional democracy

Electricity Generation

Hydro Thermal

52.2% 47.8%

Energy Production

Total

0.032 Q

22

44.63 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

9.36 MMT (2.62 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Panama has large deposits of copper.

It has great hydropower potential and is pushing development of hydropower plants to reduce dependence on oil imports. It has large areas of rain forests.

Environmental Concerns

The rain forest is being destroyed at alarming rates, resulting in soil erosion. There is also concern over pollution from copper mining.

Spanish $16,500 101 cars per 1,000 people 94.1% Panama has a tropical climate—hot and humid with more rain in the north than south.

0.161 Q

Imports 85 percent of the energy it consumes.

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

Argentina Continent Size

Energy Production Energy Consumption

South America 2,766,874 square kilometers Slightly smaller than 3/10 the size of the U.S.

Population Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear

3.065 Q

Total

3.179 Q

73.89 million Btu/capita

43,024,374 people 92.5% Urban

Total

7.5% Rural

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

183.56 MMT (4.50 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Argentina has a wealth of natural resources, many not yet developed.

Known resources include hydropower, oil, natural gas, coal, iron, zinc, lead, and uranium. Nuclear energy has been encouraged and oil and gas exploration is increasing.

Environmental Concerns

Argentina has typical environmental concerns for an industrialized country, including deforestation and air and water pollution. It is a world leader in setting voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.

Spanish $18,600 170 cars per 1,000 people 97.9% Argentina makes up most of the southern half of South America.

The northeast is sub-tropical, the mountains in the north are dry, and the south is snowy. There is desert in the western lowlands, while the plains have a temperate climate with heavy rain in the summer.

Imports 3.5% of the energy it consumes.

24.6 % 70.5 % 4.9%

Brazil Continent Size

South America

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

80.6% 15.9% 2.9% 0.6%

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

9.889 Q

Total

10.716 Q

8,511,918 square kilometers Slightly smaller than the United States

Population

202,656,788 people 87% Urban

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

© 2014 The NEED Project

13% Rural

Federal republic

52.88 million Btu/capita

Portuguese

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

408.0 MMT (2.07 metric tons/capita)

$12,100 178 cars per 1,000 people

Resources

Brazil has large reserves of coal, oil, and uranium. It has plans to build additional power plants.

Hydropower development has been successful and has great potential.

Brazil is the second largest producer of ethanol in the world.

Environmental Concerns

The biggest concern has been destruction of the rain forest due to expanded agriculture. Urban and industrial pollution are also major problems.

90.4% Half of Brazil is in the Amazon Basin— the world’s largest rain forest. The climate here is hot and wet all year round. Most of the rest of Brazil is a plateau, where the temperature varies greatly throughout the year, with cool winters and hot summers.

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

Imports 7.7 percent of the energy it consumes.

23

COUNTRY PROFILES

Chile Continent Size Population

South America 756,945 square kilometers Slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana 17,363,894 people 89% Urban

11% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Republic

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

Spanish

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

1.336 Q

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

76.02 MMT (4.41 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Chile is the world’s most important copper producer and also produces a large amount of gold. It has reserves of natural gas, petroleum, and coal, as well as hydropower potential.

Environmental Concerns

The environment is not well protected in Chile. The major concerns are smog in cities and logging in the south. Water pollution from untreated sewage is also a problem.

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

4.77 Q

Total

1.240 Q

118 cars per 1,000 people Because of its shape, Chile has a varied climate. The north has the world’s driest desert, and is cool for its latitude. The central regions have mild winters and hot, dry summers.

The Andes have an alpine climate with glaciers and year-round snow.

The south is usually rainy and wet.

0.393 Q

76.96 million Btu/capita

$19,100

98.6%

Total

Imports 71 percent of the energy it consumes.

32% 60% 7.6%

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Colombia Continent Size Population

South America 1,138,960 square kilometers Slightly less than twice the size of Texas 46,245,297 people 75% Urban

25% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

24

Spanish

26.82 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

67.87 MMT (1.44 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Large petroleum and coal deposits and well developed hydropower make Colombia self-sufficient in terms of energy. It also has reserves of natural gas and gold. It exports coal to Europe and the U.S., and produces 60 percent of the world’s emeralds.

Environmental Concerns

Rising pollution in rivers and soil erosion and depletion from overuse, combined with air pollution from vehicle emissions are rising concerns.

$11,100 53 cars per 1,000 people 93.5% The interior lowlands and coastal regions are hot with abundant rain, while the mountainous regions of the Andes are temperate with seasonal variations.

80.1% 16.5% 3.4%

Exports 74 percent of the energy it produces.

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

Ecuador Continent Size

South America

Population

15,654,411 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

283,560 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Nevada 67.5% Urban Republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Other renewables

1.124 Q

Total

0.514 Q

32.81 million Btu/capita

32.5% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Total

Spanish

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

30.93 MMT (2.11 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Ecuador has an abundance of oil. It also has great hydropower potential.

Ecuador is a large net exporter of petroleum and its economy is fairly dependent on its earnings.

Environmental Concerns

Drilling for oil in the Amazon is disturbing the habitat of nomadic tribes that have had no contact with civilization. Tourism in the Galapagos Islands has severely damaged the ecosystem.

$10,600 36 cars per 1,000 people 91.6% The climate is hot in the lowlands and mild in the mountains.

54.9% 42.3% 2.8%

Exports 54.3% of the energy it produces.

Peru Continent Size

South America

Population

30,147,935 people

1,285,217 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Alaska 77.3% Urban

Constitutional republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara

0.928 Q

Total

0.817 Q

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

44.68 MMT (1.52 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Peru has large, untapped oil reserves that are now being explored. Peru recently opened its first liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant and now exports natural gas.

Environmental Concerns

There is concern that industrial pollution is damaging the coastal fishing industry, and that widespread spraying of chemicals to destroy cocoa plants (used to make cocaine) is polluting the rivers.

$11,100 41 cars per 1,000 people 89.6% Peru is located just south of the Equator, but has many different climates. The coastal region is mostly desert, with low clouds and fog causing cool winters. The slopes of the Andes have a wide range of temperatures, while the tropical Amazon Basin receives year-round rain.

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

Total 27.09 million Btu/capita

22.7% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Š 2014 The NEED Project

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Exports 12.0% of the energy it produces.

55.0 % 43.1 % 1.9 %

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

25

COUNTRY PROFILES

Venezuela Continent Size Population

South America 912,046 square kilometers Slightly more than twice the size of California 28,868,486 people 93.5% Urban

6.5% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Federal republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal

26

Spanish

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

2.786 Q

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

159.2 MMT (5.44 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Petroleum is the most important resource to the economy. Venezuela also has large reserves of coal, bauxite (aluminum ore), iron, and gold. It has enormous hydropower potential.

Environmental Concerns

The destruction of the rain forest and oil pollution of Lake Maracaibo are major concerns. Also of concern is urban and industrial pollution along the Caribbean coast.

107 cars per 1,000 people The coast is very hot and dry. The plains alternate between flooding and drought, while the highlands to the south are cold.

7.967 Q

96.5 million Btu/capita

$13,600

95.5%

Total

Exports 65 percent of the energy it produces.

68.5% 31.5%

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

Algeria Continent Size

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Africa 2,381,727 square kilometers Slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas

Population

38,813,722 people 73% Urban 27% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal

Arabic

72.6% The coastal climate is temperate.

South of the Atlas Mountains, the rest of the country is desert.

5.788 Q

Total

1.661 Q

42.79 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions

103.88 MMT (2.75 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Exports 71.1 percent of the energy it produces.

Resources

Algeria has large reserves of petroleum, uranium, and natural gas. It exports natural gas to Europe and to the U.S. Algeria must import food and grain.

Environmental Concerns

Desert land is expanding because of stripping of vegetation for firewood and animal stock. Rivers are polluted from petroleum refining and industrial and sewage wastes.

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

0.326 Q

Total

0.270 Q

$7,500 74 cars per 1,000 people

Total

1.0% 99.0%

Cameroon Continent Size

Africa

Population

23,130,708 people

475,768 square kilometers Slightly larger than California 52% Urban

11.65 million Btu/capita

48% Rural

Government

Republic, multiparty presidential regime

Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

English and French

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Renewables

Š 2014 The NEED Project

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

5.19 MMT (0.25 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Cameroon has oil and natural gas resources as well as bauxite (aluminum ore). Timber is a major export, along with agricultural products.

Environmental Concerns

Deforestation, overgrazing, and overfishing are all concerns.

Waterborne diseases are abundant.

$2,400 10 cars per 1,000 people 71.3% The coast is tropical with semi-arid portions and the north is hot and dry.

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

Exports 17 percent of the energy it produces.

72.3% 26.7% 1%

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

27

COUNTRY PROFILES

Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Continent Size

Africa

Population

22,848,945 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

322,459 square kilometers Slightly larger than New Mexico 51% Urban

49% Rural

Republic, multiparty presidential regime

Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

French

Total

0.461 Q

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

5.84 MMT (0.3 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Cote d’Ivoire has significant offshore reserves of petroleum and natural gas, but they are un derdeveloped. The potential for hydropower is abundant.

Much of the interior is forested.

Cote d’Ivoire is the world’s largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans.

Environmental Concerns

Deforestation due to overuse and export of timber is the main concern. Water pollution from industry, agriculture, and untreated sewage is also a concern.

$1,800 16 cars per 1,000 people 56.9% Located just above the Equator, the average temperature is nearly 27.5 degrees Celsius. The coastal areas have two rainy and one dry season, while the inland north has a small amount of rain year round.

Hydropower Thermal Renewables

0.488 Q

20.16 million Btu/capita

Government

Electricity Generation

Total

29% 70% 1%

Exports 5.5 percent of the energy it produces.

Democratic Republic of the Congo Continent Size Population

Africa 2,344,858 square kilometers Slightly less than one-quarter the size of the U.S. 77,433,744 people 34.3% Urban

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Electricity Generation

28

65.7% Rural

Republic French

Energy Production Energy Consumption

0.837 Q

2.3 MMT (0.04 metric tons/capita)

Resources

The DRC has immense natural resources, especially minerals, oil, and hydropower potential. Sixty percent of the DRC is covered with rain forest. It also has reserves of uranium. Its hydropower potential, if developed, could supply much of Africa. Mismanagement has made the DRC one of the world’s poorest countries, but it could be one of Africa’s richest.

Environmental Concerns

The DRC’s rain forest contains 50 percent of Africa’s woodlands.

Because of poor transportation, major industrial destruction of the woodlands has not begun, but much is being used for firewood.

The environmental impact of the mining industry is a concern.

66.8%

99.6% 0.4%

Total

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

19 cars per 1,000 people

Hydropower Thermal

0.854 Q

10.81 million Btu/capita

$400

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has a tropical climate—warm and humid with little change throughout the year.

Average temperature is 25 degrees Celsius; average rainfall is 150-230 centimeters.

Total

Exports 2 percent of the energy it produces.

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

Egypt Continent Size Population

Africa 954,825 square kilometers Slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico 86,895,099 people 43.4% Urban

56.6% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Republic

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

Arabic

Energy Production Energy Consumption

3.318 Q

Total

3.03 Q

34.86 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions

190.46 MMT (2.40 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Exports 8.7 percent of the energy it produces.

Resources

Egypt has large reserves of oil and natural gas, as well as uranium. Most of the oil production is consumed locally. Egypt’s Aswan Dam provides most of the hydroelectric power, and natural gas provides most of the thermal production.

Environmental Concerns

There are chronic water shortages in most of Egypt. The damming of the Nile to produce electricity contributes to the shortage. Heavy industrial pollution and rapid growth in population are major concerns.

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

99.3% 0.6% 0.1%

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

1.636 Q

Total

1.723 Q

$6,600 33 cars per 1,000 people 73.9% Egypt is mostly desert, except for the area in the Nile Valley. Summers are very hot, winters cooler, with significant rainfall only in winter along the Mediterranean coast.

Total

8.2% 90.6% 1.1%

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Ethiopia Continent Size Population

Africa 1,178,921 square kilometers Slightly less than twice the size of Texas 96,633,458 people 17% Urban

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Š 2014 The NEED Project

83% Rural

17.83 million Btu/capita

Federal republic Amarigna, English, and Arabic

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

7.0 MMT (0.08 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Ethiopia has potential natural gas reserves, but they have not been explored. It also has great potential for hydropower. The main energy sources for most people are still firewood and dung.

Environmental Concerns

Erosion from destruction of forests for firewood and overgrazing. Poor water management practices cause shortages.

$1,300 1 car per 1,000 people 39% Climate is temperate in the mountain regions, which make up most of Ethiopia. The west has plentiful rainfall. The desert areas of the northeast and southeast are very hot and dry with frequent drought.

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

Imports 5 percent of the energy it consumes.

29

COUNTRY PROFILES

Kenya Continent Size Population

Africa 582,646 square kilometers Slightly more than twice the size of Nevada 45,010,056 people 24% Urban

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Electricity Generation

76% Rural

Republic Kiswahili and English

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

0.805 Q

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

11.55 MMT (0.27 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Kenya may have petroleum reserves in its South Lokichar basin; exploration is currently underway.

Kenya produces electricity from geothermal energy, with installed capacity of at least 200 megawatts, and the potential to produce 10,000 megawatts from this resource.

Currently most petroleum used in Kenya is imported.

Environmental Concerns

Kenya has an important wildlife tourist trade, so emphasis on environmental stewardship has begun to grow. Water pollution from urban, industrial, and agricultural wastes is a concern.

13 cars per 1,000 people people 87.4%

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

0.648 Q

17.88 million Btu/capita

$1,800

The coast and the Great Rift Valley are hot and humid, the interior plateau region is temperate, and the desert in the northeast is hot and dry.

Total

44.0% 32.7% 23.3%

Imports 19.5 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly petroleum.

Libya Continent Size Population

Energy Consumption

Africa

6,244,174 people 22% Rural

Government

Operates under a transitional government

Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Arabic

Electricity Generation Energy Production

Thermal

30

0.538 Q

86.23 million Btu/capita

1,760,047 square kilometers Slightly larger than Alaska 78% Urban

Total

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

35.30 MMT (5.78 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Libya has large petroleum and natural gas reserves. Water is scarce.

Libya imports about 75 percent of its food.

Environmental Concerns

Most of Libya is desert wasteland.

The major concern is limited water supply that is poorly managed.

$11,300 225 cars per 1,000 people 89.5%

Exports 58.5 percent of the energy it produces, mostly petroleum and natural gas.

Libya’s climate is mostly hot desert except for on the coast, which has a warm temperate climate with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers.

Total

100% 1.296 Q

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

Nigeria Continent Size

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Africa 923,763 square kilometers Slightly more than twice the size of California

Population

50% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars)

Federal republic

Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

31 cars per 1,000 people

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal

10.481Q

Total

5.037 Q

28.43 million Btu/capita

177,155,754 people 50% Urban

Total

English

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

61.82 MMT (0.38 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Nigeria is rich in energy resources with large deposits of petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Biomass is used in rural areas for cooking and heating.

Environmental Concerns

Pollution, especially from the oil industry, is a major concern. Rapid deforestation is leading to soil degradation and desertification.

$2,800

61.3% The desert north is very hot and dry with only one rainy season; the south is hot, rainy, and humid most of the year. The highlands are more temperate.

Exports 51.9 percent of the energy it produces.

21.8% 78.2%

South Africa Continent Size Population

Energy Consumption

Africa 1,219,905 square kilometers Slightly less than twice the size of Texas 48,374,645 people 62% Urban 38% Rural

Government Language

Republic

Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

$11,500

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

1.9% 92.7% 5.1% 0.2%

Energy Production

Total

6.474 Q

Total

5.631 Q

116.39 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

361.51 MMT (7.01 metric tons/capita)

Resources

South Africa is rich in natural resources, especially minerals. It is a world leader in production of gold and diamonds, and has huge coal and uranium reserves, but little petroleum. Most of the electricity produced is from coal-fired plants.

Coal and natural gas are used to make synthetic gasoline. Many of the rural parts of the country have no electricity. Solar power is being developed.

Environmental Concerns

The majority of concerns center on water—demand out-pacing supply, pollution from agricultural and urban sources, and lack of extensive water conservation and control measures.

11 official languages, including English and Afrikaans

110 cars per 1,000 people 93% The temperate climate is dry, with drought as a constant threat.

Exports 13 percent of the energy it produces.

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Š 2014 The NEED Project

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

31

COUNTRY PROFILES

Belarus Continent Size

Europe

Population

9,608,058 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

207,598 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Kansas 75% Urban Republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

0.164 Q

Total

1.165 Q

121.2 million Btu/capita

25% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Total

Belarusian and Russian $16,100

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

65.6 MMT (6.92 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Belarus has very few energy resources, just small reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Peat is the major mineral resource.

Environmental Concerns

The southern part of the country was contaminated by radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl disaster in neighboring Ukraine. Many people continue to get sick from radioactivity. Much of the land and water remains contaminated.

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

1.274 Q

Total

1.709 Q

240 cars per 1,000 people 99.6% The climate is cool and moist in the summer and very cold in the winter.

0.1% 99.5% 0.4%

Imports 86 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly from Russia as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Czech Republic Continent Size

Europe

Population

10,627,448 people

78,865 square kilometers Slightly smaller than South Carolina 74% Urban

26% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Parliamentary democracy

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

160.8 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions

112.87 MMT (10.75 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Imports 25 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly oil and natural gas, and exports low-Btu coal.

Resources

The Czech Republic has petroleum, natural gas, coal, and uranium resources.

Environmental Concerns

Air and water pollution in specific regions present health risks. Acid rain is damaging forests.

Czech $26,300 423 cars per 1,000 people 99% The climate is a moderate continental climate with cool summers and cold, cloudy winters.

3.0% 58.5% 32.3% 6.1%

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

32

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

France Continent Size

Europe

Population

66,259,012 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

547,026 square kilometers Slightly less than the size of Texas 85.8% Urban Republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

5.392 Q

Total

9.984 Q

150.68 million Btu/capita

14.2% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Total

French $37,500

CO2 Emissions

328.65 MMT (5.05 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Imports 46 percent of the energy it consumes.

Resources

France is the world’s most dedicated user of nuclear power. It is not a major oil or gas producer. It is a leader in high-speed train and airplane technology. Tourism is a major part of the economy.

Environmental Concerns

France has instituted strict anti-pollution laws and is environmentally active, but air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions as well as water pollution are still concerns. Acid rain has caused damage to forests.

496 cars per 1,000 people 99% France has a varied climate—hot in the east, wet in the northwest, and dry in the south.

8.9% 8.3% 78.9% 3.9%

Germany Continent Size

Europe

Population

80, 996,685 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

357,020 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Montana 74% Urban

Federal republic

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

4.877 Q

Total

12.338 Q

152.33 million Btu/capita

26% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Total

German $39,500

CO2 Emissions

742.23 MMT (9.08 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Imports 60.5 percent of the energy it consumes.

Resources

Germany has few energy resources, with small reserves of coal, petroleum, and natural gas. It imports most of the oil and about half of the gas it uses.

Environmental Concerns

Germany has strong pollution controls, but air pollution from power plants and industries remain a concern. Acid rain has caused damage to forests. They are phasing out their nuclear power and increasing renewable resources. It is one of the world’s leading users of wind and solar power.

510 cars per 1,000 people 99% The climate is temperate. Winters and summers are both cool, cloudy, and wet.

3.8% 59.8% 17.6% 18.7%

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

© 2014 The NEED Project

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

33

COUNTRY PROFILES

Greece Continent Size

Europe

Population

10,775,557 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

131,939 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Alabama 61% Urban

Parliamentary republic

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

0.382 Q

Total

1.001 Q

98.49 million Btu/capita

39% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Total

Greek

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

82.84 MMT (7.45 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Greece has small reserves of coal.

There is hydropower potential in some areas.

Environmental Concerns

Air and water pollution are major concerns. Heavy smog around Athens has damaged many of the oldest Greek monuments. Local fishermen are working to prevent pollution of local waters.

$23,600 455 cars per 1,000 people 97.3% The climate in Greece varies—the mountains in the north are very cold and the islands in the south are subtropical.

Imports 64 percent of the energy it consumes.

7.2% 85.6% 7.1%

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Iceland Continent Size

European island

Population

317,351 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

102,999 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Kentucky

Constitutional republic

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

0.191 Q

Total

0.227 Q

716.3 million Btu/capita

93.7% Urban 6.3% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Total

Icelandic and English $40,700

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

1.85 MMT (5.87 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Iceland has no mineral resources, but abundant hydropower and geothermal resources that produce all of its electricity. Heat from geothermal plants is nearly free. Transportation fuels must be imported. Fishing is the main industry.

Environmental Concerns

Depletion of fish stock is a concern.

Water pollution from agriculture is also an issue.

644 cars per 1,000 people 99% Summers are damp and cool, winters are windy but mild.

72.7% 0.01% 27.3%

Imports 15.9 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly for transportation fuels.

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

34

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

Italy Continent Size

Europe

Population

61,680,122 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

301,229 square kilometers Slightly larger than Arizona 68% Urban Republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

1.234 Q

Total

6.644 Q

107.72 million Btu/capita

32% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Total

Italian $29,600 596 cars per 1,000 people 99%

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

393.0 MMT (6.47 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Italy has few energy resources. It produces only 6.6 percent of its oil demand.

Environmental Concerns

Environmental priorities are high and there are laws to protect the environment. Most concerns are related to industry—emissions causing air pollution, effluents causing water pollution, and inadequate waste treatment and disposal.

Italy has a mediterranean climate in the south, and moderate climate in the north. Summers are hot and dry, winters are cold and snowy in the mountainous north, and milder in the south.

Imports 81.4 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly natural gas and petroleum.

15.8% 70.9% 13.3%

Norway Continent Size

Europe

Population

5,147,792 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

324,217 square kilometers Slightly larger than New Mexico 79% Urban

Constitutional monarchy

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

7.748 Q

Total

1.111 Q

215.82 million Btu/capita

21% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Total

Norwegian $55,400

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

37.8 MMT (7.63 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Norway has large petroleum, natural gas, and hydropower reserves.

Norway is Europe’s largest energy exporter. Timber, mineral deposits, and abundant fishing are also resources.

Environmental Concerns

Environmental priorities are high.

Acid rain is causing damage to both forests and fish stocks. Air pollution from vehicle emissions is a concern.

465 cars per 1,000 people 100% Norway’s west coast is warmer than the rest of the country because of the effect of the North Atlantic Current, however, their climate is still subarctic.

Exports 85.6 percent of the energy it produces, mostly petroleum and natural gas.

95.2% 3.3% 1.4%

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

© 2014 The NEED Project

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

35

COUNTRY PROFILES

Poland Continent Size

Europe

Population

38,346,279 people

312,684 square kilometers Slightly smaller than New Mexico 61% Urban

39% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Republic

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Other Renewables Thermal

Polish $21,100

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Poland has a continental climate with wet and mild summers, and very cold winters.

2.712 Q

Total

4.015 Q

104.71 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions

300.82 MMT (7.81 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Imports 32.5 percent of the energy it consumes.

Resources

Natural gas and coal are Poland’s major energy resources. Several types of metals and minerals are also resources.

Environmental Concerns

Environmental priorities are growing. Urban and industrial pollution are major concerns, as well as water pollution. Acid rain has caused forest damage.

432 cars per 1,000 people 99.7%

Total

1.7% 6.7% 91.7%

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Spain Continent Size Population

Europe 504,778 square kilometers Slightly more than twice the size of Oregon 47,737,941 77% Urban

36

23% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Parliamentary monarchy

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

Castillian Spanish

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

4.998 Q

CO2 Emissions

270.41 MMT (5.86 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Imports 74.7 percent of the energy it consumes.

Resources

Spain lacks abundant natural resources. It has some reserves of coal, petroleum, and uranium, with access to some hydropower. Spain must import most of its oil and gas.

Environmental Concerns

Water pollution from the offshore oil and gas industry is a concern. Air pollution and deforestation are also issues.

478 cars per 1,000 people The coasts are mild, while the interior plateau has clear, hot summers and cloudy, cold winters.

1.264 Q

104.7 million Btu/capita

$30,100

97.7%

Total

11.2% 49.5% 19.6% 19.7%

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

Sweden Continent Size

Europe

Population

9,723,809 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

450,013 square kilometers Slightly larger than California 85% Urban

Constitutional monarchy

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

1.321 Q

Total

1.978 Q

203.4 million Btu/capita

15% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Total

Swedish

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

43.44 MMT (4.6 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Sweden has giant forests and rich deposits of minerals and uranium, but little coal, oil, or natural gas.

Timber, hydropower, and iron ore are major resources.

Environmental Concerns

Swedes give environmental concerns high priority. Acid rain from other European countries is polluting lakes and damaging forests.

$40,900 462 cars per 1,000 people 99% Sweden has cool summers, and the east is much colder than the west in the winter.

44.3% 2.9% 40.2% 12.6%

Imports 33.2 percent of the energy it consumes.

Switzerland Continent Size

Europe

Population

8,061,516 people

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Nuclear Other Renewables Thermal

52.8% 41.3% 4.3% 1.6%

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

0.489 Q

Total

1.007 Q

41,290 square kilometers Slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey 74% Urban

26% Rural

Government

Formally a confederation but similar in structure to a federal republic

Language

French, German, Romansch

Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

$54,800

Italian

and

519 cars per 1,000 people

124.91 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

39.86 MMT (5.06 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Switzerland has few energy resources, except for water, which provides more than half of its electricity. Timber is a natural resource.

Environmental Concerns

Environmental issues are a very high priority in Switzerland. Air pollution from vehicle emissions is a concern.

Acid rain and water pollution are also issues.

99% Switzerland has a mountainous continental climate with wide fluctuations because of the varied elevations of the Alps. South of the Alps it is generally warmer and sunnier.

Imports 51.4 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly petroleum and natural gas.

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Š 2014 The NEED Project

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

37

COUNTRY PROFILES

United Kingdom Continent Size

Europe

Population

63,742,977 people

244,819 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Oregon 80% Urban

38

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Constitutional monarchy commonwealth realm

Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

English

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

5.145 Q

Total

7.418 Q

116.38 million Btu/capita

20% Rural

Government

Total

and

CO2 Emissions

436.51 MMT (6.96 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Imports 30.6 percent of the energy it consumes.

Resources

The U.K. has the largest energy resources of any European country.

It has large oil and gas reserves offshore and abundant coal. It plans to increase the use of nuclear energy to help meet demands. The U.K. also uses wind power.

Environmental Concerns

The U.K. is a leader in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It also has reduced levels of industrial, commercial, and household wastes.

$37,300 460 cars per 1,000 people 99% The U.K. has a mild, temperate climate that changes with the seasons. The U.K. has rain year round.

2.3% 70.5% 18.8% 8.4%

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

China Continent Size

Asia

Population

1,355,692,576 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

9,596,906 square kilometers Slightly smaller than the U.S. 50.6% Urban

Total Total

96.492 Q 109.006 Q

80.41 million Btu/capita

48.4% Rural

CO2 Emissions

7954.79 MMT (5.92 metric tons/ capita)

Government Language

Communist state

Energy Balance

Mandarin, Mongolian, Uighur, and Tibetan

Imports 11.4 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly oil.

Resources

Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

$9,800

China has vast energy resources. It is the world’s largest producer and consumer of coal. China was an exporter of petroleum in the past, but known fields are becoming depleted and offshore reserves are not yet productive. It has increased both its production and its consumption of natural gas. China has the world’s largest hydropower potential.

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

Environmental Concerns

Of major concern is air pollution due to coal use. Water pollution and water shortages are also issues.

34 cars per 1,000 people 95.1% The north and west regions of China are arid with major temperature variations. The south and southeast regions are warm and humid with year-round rainfall.

14.8% 80.9% 1.8% 2.4%

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (N. Korea) Continent Size

Asia

Population

24,851,627 people

120,538 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Mississippi 60% Urban

Hydropower Thermal

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

0.799 Q

Total

0.555 Q

40% Rural

Government

Communist state one-man dictatorship

Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Korean

© 2014 The NEED Project

Electricity Generation

22.34 million Btu/capita

$1,800

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

45.16 MMT (1.83 metric tons/capita)

Resources

North Korea has coal and uranium deposits and some mineral resources. It has begun a politically controversial nuclear program.

Environmental Concerns

Water pollution, inadequate supplies of safe drinking water, and waterborne diseases are major concerns. Deforestation and soil erosion are also problems.

No data available 100% North Korea has a temperate climate with four seasons; its winters are dry and cold, and its summers are hot and humid.

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

68.7% 31.3%

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

Exports 30.5 percent of the energy it produces.

39

COUNTRY PROFILES

India Continent Size Population

Asia 3,288,088 square kilometers Slightly more than one-third the size of the U.S. 1,236,344,631 people 31.3% Urban

68.7% Rural

Government Language

Federal republic

Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

$4,000

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

Hindi, English, and 14 other official languages

Energy Production Energy Consumption

21.398 Q

Total

29.835 Q

24.13 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

1,622.7 MMT (1.3 metric tons/capita)

Resources

India has large reserves of coal and hydropower potential, but cannot meet the demand for electric power.

Recently natural gas reserves have been discovered, but India plans to continue using imported gas.

Biomass is used for cooking in about 800 million households.

Environmental Concerns

There is widespread soil erosion because of deforestation. Tap water is not safe to drink throughout the country. Natural resources are strained due to the large population.

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

16.769 Q

Total

8.148 Q

12 cars per 1,000 people 62.8% The north is very hot in summer, and temperate in winter. The south has lesser extremes. The country is very dry except for monsoons in summer.

Total

13.4% 79.6% 3.0% 4.0%

Imports 28.3 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly coal and petroleum.

Indonesia Continent Size

Southeast Asia

Population

253,609,643 people

1,919,430 square kilometers Slightly less than the size of Texas 50.7% Urban

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate Electricity Generation*

48.3% Rural

Republic Bahasa Indonesia $5,200

32.13 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

400.3 MMT (1.64 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Indonesia has many energy resources, including fossil fuels, geothermal resources, and hydropower potential. Known oil resources are becoming depleted, but it is a leading exporter in both coal and natural gas.

Environmental Concerns

Environmental priorities are low. The biggest concerns are exploitation of the tropical forests and urban and industrial pollution.

45 cars per 1,000 people 92.8% The climate is predominantly tropical, with slight variations due to latitude.

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

6.7% 88% 5.2%

Exports 45.9 percent of the energy it produces, mostly liquefied natural gas.

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

40

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

Islamic Republic of Iran Continent Size

Asia (Middle East)

Population

80,840,713 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

1,647,996 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Alaska 69% Urban

Theocratic republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

14.046 Q

Total

8.429 Q

104.26 million Btu/capita

31% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Total

Persian $12,800

CO2 Emissions

525.77 MMT (6.97 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Exports 37 percent of the energy it produces, mostly petroleum.

Resources

Iran has large oil and natural gas reserves, as well as coal, metals, and salt. It is a leading world producer and exporter of oil.

Environmental Concerns

Environmental issues are not a major concern, yet urban air quality is poor.

Pollution from oil in the Persian Gulf, inadequate supplies of safe drinking water, and deforestation are also concerns.

113 cars per 1,000 people 85% Most of the country is desert except around the Caspian Sea, where it is temperate.

5.0% 94.7% 0.3%

Israel Continent Size

Asia (Middle East)

Population

7,821,850 people

20,769 square kilometers Slightly larger than New Jersey 92% Urban

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

8% Rural

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

0.04 % 99.3% 0.6%

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

0.187 Q

Total

0.919 Q

117.57 million Btu/capita

Parliamentary democracy Hebrew and Arabic $36,200 265 cars per 1,000 people

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

67.24 MMT (8.66 metric tons/capita)

Resources

Israel has few energy resources, but natural gas fields were recently discovered.

Environmental Concerns

Since there are freshwater resources, groundwater pollution from industry, agriculture, and domestic wastes is a concern.

97.1% The climate includes hot desert and Mediterranean conditions, which have hot, dry summers and wet, mild winters.

Imports 79.6 percent of the energy it consumes.

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Š 2014 The NEED Project

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

1.800.875.5029

www.NEED.org

41

COUNTRY PROFILES

Japan Continent Size

Asian island

Population

127,103,388 people

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

8.7% 76.8% 9.7% 4.7%

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

2.040 Q

Total

18.332 Q

377,833 square kilometers Slightly smaller than California 91.3% Urban

8.7% Rural

Government

Parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy

Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation

Japanese $37,100 454 cars per 1,000 people Railroads are the most important mode of transportation

Literacy Rate Climate

144.23 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions

1,183.39 MMT (9.26 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Imports 89 percent of the energy it consumes.

Resources

Japan has few natural resources, besides hydropower potential. It is the world’s largest importer of LNG, second largest importer coal, and third largest importer of oil.

Environmental Concerns

Japan has a strong reverence for nature. Environmental concerns are a high priority, but air pollution and acid rain are still issues.

99% The climate is hot, wet, and muggy in the summer, cool in winter.

Mountainous areas to the north stay cooler and have snow in winter.

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

Kuwait Continent Size

Asia (Middle East)

Population

2,742,711 people

17,819 square kilometers Slightly smaller than New Jersey 98% Urban

42

Energy Consumption

2% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Constitutional emirate

Electricity Generation Energy Production

Thermal

Arabic

93.93% Arid desert with extremely hot summers, cooler winters.

Total

100% 6.125 Q

1.291 Q

470.56 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions

84.73 MMT (27.12 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Exports 79 percent of the energy it produces, all petroleum.

Resources

Kuwait has large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Demand for electricity has grown faster than supply, and rolling blackouts are common.

Environmental Concerns

Lack of fresh water is a major concern, but sophisticated desalination plants provide most of the water. Desertification and air and water pollution are also concerns.

$42,100 412 cars per 1,000 people

Total

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

Oman Continent Size

Asia (Middle East)

Population

3,219,775 people

Electricity Generation Energy Production Energy Consumption

212,511 square kilometers Slightly smaller than Kansas

100%

Total

2.923 Q

Total

1.013 Q

314.65 million Btu/capita

73% Urban 27% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Thermal

CO2 Emissions Energy Balance

65.6 MMT (21.71 metric tons/capita)

$29,800

Resources

Oman has large deposits petroleum and natural gas.

166 cars per 1,000 people

Environmental Concerns

Water is scarce. Coastal pollution from oil spills and an increase in soil salinity are also concerns.

Monarchy Arabic

86.9%

Exports 65.3 percent of the energy it produces, mostly petroleum. of

Oman’s climate is dry and desertlike along the coast and it is hot and dry in the interior.

Pakistan Continent Size

Asia 803,935 square kilometers Slightly less than twice the size of California

Population

196,174,380 people 36% Urban

64% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Federal republic

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Nuclear Thermal

Š 2014 The NEED Project

Urdu, Panjabi, and English

Energy Production Energy Consumption

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

3.370 Q

136.39 MMT (1.61 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Imports 23.3 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly petroleum.

Resources

Pakistan has petroleum, coal, natural gas, and hydropower resources.

Exploration for oil and gas has begun. Pakistan recently expanded its nuclear power capacity.

Environmental Concerns

As most of the population does not have access to safe drinking water, pollution from industry, agriculture, and untreated sewage is a major concern. Deforestation, soil erosion, and desertification are also concerns.

30.0% 5.5% 64.5%

1.800.875.5029

Total

CO2 Emissions

10 cars per 1,000 people Most of the country is hot desert with a mountainous region to the north.

2.584 Q

17.18 million Btu/capita

$3,100

54.9%

Total

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43

COUNTRY PROFILES

Republic of Korea (South Korea) Continent Size

Asia

Population

49,039,986 people

Energy Production Energy Consumption

98,479 square kilometers Slightly larger than Indiana 83% Urban

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

1.865 Q

Total

10.336 Q

210.77 million Btu/capita

17% Rural

Republic

Total

CO2 Emissions

589.93 MMT (11.336 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Imports 82 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly petroleum and natural gas.

Resources

South Korea has few energy resources. It depends on nuclear power for much of its electricity production and imports coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Environmental Concerns

Industrial and urban pollution is a problem. Acid rain is also a concern.

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

52.178 Q

Total

29.306 Q

Korean and English $33,200 267 cars per 1,000 people 97.9% South Korea has four seasons, with winters being dry and cold, and summers that are hot and humid.

1.5% 68.2% 29.6% 0.7%

Russia Continent Size

Asia and Europe

Population

142,470,272 people

17,075,157 square kilometers Almost twice the size of the U.S. 74% Urban

26% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Federation

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Nuclear Other Renewables

CO2 Emissions

1,653.23 MMT (11.56 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Exports 43.8 percent of the energy it produces, mostly natural gas, coal, and petroleum.

Resources

Russia has vast reserves of petroleum, natural gas, hydropower, and coal. It is a world leader in production of electricity. Many resources have not been developed.

Environmental Concerns

Air pollution from heavy industry, power plants, and vehicle emissions is a concern. There is major radioactive pollution in the Barents Sea and many rivers have severe damage from industrial pollution.

Deforestation and urban solid waste management are also concerns.

Russian $18,100 233 cars per 1,000 people 99.7% The climate consists of mainly warm summers and very cold winters with variations by region.

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

44

205.70 million Btu/capita

16.0% 67.4% 16.4% 0.3%

Energy Around the World

COUNTRY PROFILES

Saudi Arabia Continent Size

Energy Consumption

Asia 1,999,999 square kilometers Slightly more than one-fifth of the U.S.

Population

27,345,986 people 82% Urban

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Monarchy

Electricity Generation Energy Production

Thermal

18% Rural

Arabic

87.2% The climate is very hot in the summer, and cool in the winter.

Only the far south receives sufficient rainfall.

CO2 Emissions

429.76 MMT (15.48 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Exports 70 percent of the energy it produces, all of it petroleum.

Resources

Saudi Arabia has the world’s largest reserves of petroleum and the fourth largest of natural gas. Its economy is based on the export of petroleum.

Environmental Concerns

Industrial pollution of water is a major concern. There has been little environmental control until recently, when the government has begun trying to limit industrial development to specific areas. Lack of available fresh water is also a problem.

100%

Total

7.065 Q

258.35 million Btu/capita

$31,300 336 cars per 1,000 people

Total

23.520 Q

Turkey Continent Size

Asia (Middle East)/ Europe

Population

81,619,392 people

780,576 square kilometers Slightly larger than Texas 71.3% Urban

Republican parliamentary democracy

Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Turkish

Electricity Generation

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

$15,300

1.272 Q

Total

4.453 Q

CO2 Emissions

285.73 MMT (3.86 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Imports 71.4 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly petroleum and natural gas.

Resources

Turkey has reserves of petroleum, coal, and natural gas, as well as hydropower resources.

Dambuilding projects on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers are controversial.

Environmental Concerns

Water pollution from poor waste management practices is a concern.

Deforestation and urban air pollution are also concerns.

95 cars per 1,000 people 94.1% Turkey’s coastal areas have a Mediterranean climate; the interior has hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters.

P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108

Total 54.56 million Btu/capita

28.5% Rural

Government

© 2014 The NEED Project

Energy Production Energy Consumption

22.8% 74.6% 2.6%

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45

COUNTRY PROFILES

Vietnam Continent Size

Asia

Population

93,421,835 people

328,998 square kilometers Slightly larger than New Mexico 31% Urban

69% Rural

Government Language Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars) Transportation Literacy Rate Climate

Communist state

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower Thermal Other Renewables

Vietnamese $4,000

Energy Production Energy Consumption

Total

2.414 Q

CO2 Emissions

134.32 MMT (1.53 metric tons/ capita)

Energy Balance

Exports 10.7 percent of the energy it produces.

Resources

Vietnam has reserves of petroleum and natural gas, as well as coal. It has greater hydropower potential. It is an exporter of oil, and its resources could make it a powerful country, if wisely developed.

Environmental Concerns

Soil erosion caused by deforestation is a major concern. Water pollution and overfishing are also problems. Urban centers have poor environments due to industry and large populations.

93.4%

38.9% 60.9% 0.1%

2.702 Q

25.84 million Btu/capita

13 cars per 1,000 people The climate in the south is warm year round, while the north has cool winters. There are periods of drought and flood.

Total

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

46

Energy Around the World

Energy Around the World Evaluation Form State: ___________

Grade Level: ___________

Number of Students: __________

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8. Were the students interested and motivated?

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