Global Trading Game

Global Trading Game Students become geologists, miners, economic advisors, and international traders as they analyze their country’s resources and needs and trade with other countries to enhance their country’s economic position and environmental quality.

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Grade Levels:

Pri Ele

Int

Elem

Elementary

Sec

Secondary

Pri Ele

Int

Intermediate

Sec

Subject Areas: Science

Social Studies

Math

Language Arts

NEED Mission Statement The mission of The NEED Project is to promote an energy conscious and educated society by creating effective networks of students, educators, business, government and community leaders to design and deliver objective, multisided energy education programs.

Teacher Advisory Board

Permission to Copy

Constance Beatty Kankakee, IL

Greg Holman Paradise, CA

James M. Brown Saratoga Springs, NY

Barbara Lazar Albuquerque, NM

NEED curriculum is available for reproduction by classroom teachers only. NEED curriculum may only be reproduced for use outside the classroom setting when express written permission is obtained in advance from The NEED Project.

Permission for use can be obtained by contacting info@need.org.

Amy Constant - Schott Raleigh, NC

Robert Lazar Albuquerque, NM

Teacher Advisory Board

Nina Corley Galveston, TX

Leslie Lively Porters Falls, WV

Samantha Danielli Vienna, VA

Hallie Mills St. Peters, MO

Shannon Donovan Greene, RI

Jennifer Mitchell Winterbottom Pottstown, PA

Linda Fonner New Martinsville, WV Teresa Fulk Browns Summit, NC Michelle Garlick Long Grove, IL Erin Gockel Farmington, NM Robert Griegoliet Naperville, IL Bob Hodash DaNel Hogan Tucson, AZ

Mollie Mukhamedov Port St. Lucie, FL Don Pruett Jr. Puyallup, WA

In support of NEED, the national Teacher Advisory Board (TAB) is dedicated to developing and promoting standardsbased energy curriculum and training.

Energy Data Used in NEED Materials NEED believes in providing teachers and students with the most recently reported, available, and accurate energy data.

Most statistics and data contained within this guide are derived from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Data is compiled and updated annually where available.

Where annual updates are not available, the most current, complete data year available at the time of updates is accessed and printed in NEED materials. To further research energy data, visit the EIA website at www.eia.gov.

Judy Reeves Lake Charles, LA Tom Spencer Chesapeake, VA Jennifer Trochez MacLean Los Angeles, CA Wayne Yonkelowitz Fayetteville, WV

1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org Š 2018

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Š2018 The NEED Project

Global Trading Game

www.NEED.org

Global Trading Game Table of Contents Global Trading Game was developed

by The NEED Project and the Ohio Energy Project.

Statistics* CIA World Factbook EIA International Energy Statistics The World Bank International Energy Agency (IEA) Statistics *The facts and figures used to represent the countries in this game are compiled from the organizations listed above for consistency. Many entities, organizations, and countries have different metrics for measuring the data sets used in this game, and NEED has utilized the agencies above to ensure data that is consistently reported. In some cases, it is possible that facts and figures have been slightly adjusted to assure the game plays as intended. For an enhanced activity, encourage your students to source the data for their assigned country following game play.

Discuss reputable sources for data and compare differences between game materials and their research.

©2018 The NEED Project

Global Trading Game

Standards Correlation Information

4

Overview of Activity

5

Teacher Guide

6

Game Construction

9

Job Descriptions and Actions

11

Country Profiles

12

Country Comparison Chart

18

Country Comparison Chart Teacher Key

19

Energy Bucks Master

20

Commodity and Impact Symbols Masters

21

Country Analysis Sheet

57

Geologist Map

58

Impact Worksheet

59

International Trade Center Master

60

Game Boards

61

Evaluation Form

63

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Standards Correlation Information www.NEED.org/curriculumcorrelations

Next Generation Science Standards This guide effectively supports many Next Generation Science Standards. This material can satisfy performance expectations, science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas, and cross cutting concepts within your required curriculum. For more details on these correlations, please visit NEED’s curriculum correlations website.

Common Core State Standards This guide has been correlated to the Common Core State Standards in both language arts and mathematics. These correlations are broken down by grade level and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED curriculum correlations website.

Individual State Science Standards This guide has been correlated to each state’s individual science standards. These correlations are broken down by grade level and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED website.

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Overview of Activity

Students work cooperatively in six groups, each of which is assigned an unnamed country. Each country has varying types and amounts of the following commodities: money, energy resources, industry, technology, and workforce. The students become citizens of their country and are provided with background information to use as the students identify their country’s strengths and weaknesses, discuss the standard of living, and what they would like to change about their nation.

The teams are then given game boards and game pieces for their countries. The game pieces represent various assets. Each group member chooses one of four occupations that play significant roles in the country’s ability to advance in the game. The occupations are geologist, miner, economic advisor, and international trader. Each team also receives a plastic bin that contains a plot of land that represents their country and its assets.

Students begin to role-play their occupations. The geologists draw a map of the plot, then use straws to probe the earth and locate buried energy resources. The miners simulate a surface mine by removing each layer of sediment, then remove the energy resources from the soil. The geologists and miners work together to reclaim the land by replacing the layers as they found them.

Time 2-3 50-minute class periods

2Preparation 1 hour (+/-), items can be re-used once prepared

Grade Levels Elementary,

grade 5 Intermediate,

grades 6-8 Secondary,

grades 9-12

ACTIVITY

MATERIALS NEEDED

Game Construction (page 9)

12 Plastic spoons 30 Plastic drinking straws cut in half 6 Plastic storage containers, approximately 12” x 16” x 8” 1 50 Pound bag of sand 1 25 Pound bag of small aquarium gravel 12 Rocks approximately 2”- 3” in diameter 6 Craft sticks 30 Marbles or 1” pieces of wood 1 Timer with alarm 6 Sturdy envelopes 9” x 12” 6 Sets of 20 sheets of paper (8½” x 11”), each set a different color OPTIONAL:

To construct game boards and signs, you will need 13 8½” x 14” sheets of colored paper (all the same color)

Day One (page 6)

Country

packets in envelopes, see pages 9-10 Masters,

pages 11 and 18 Class

set of the student worksheet, page 57

Day Two (page 7)

Assembled

country bins Old

newspaper or tablecloths Country

packets Geologist

Maps International

Trade Center sign (optional) Game

boards (optional)

Meanwhile, the advisors and traders organize the number of each commodity with which their country begins the game. The goal of the game is then revealed—to finish with exactly five of each of the commodities: energy resources, industry, technology, and workforce.

Students buy, sell, and trade on the global market to attain the goal.

The economic advisors analyze the country’s resources and decide what needs to be bought, what is available to sell, and what would be best to trade. Economic advisors also decide what they are willing to pay for each commodity, and for what price they are willing to sell their commodities.

The game continues with two trading rounds. After each trading round, the economic advisors organize the acquired commodities and plan for the next round. When the second trading round is completed, the teams are asked to compare their country’s current status to its status at the beginning of the game.

Each team then learns that each commodity has impacts on the country. The students assess possible positive and negative impacts of each of the commodities and resources. The third trading round has the added goal of controlling the number of impacts made upon the country. Some countries must negotiate to reduce impacts while still maintaining the goal of five of each commodity.

Usually the game results with more than one team meeting their goals. It can then be revealed to the teams that each of the countries represents a real country in the world. Brief descriptions of the real world countries are included on the country profile sheets and Country Comaprison Chart.

Geography Connection: As the real countries are revealed, the teams must locate the countries on a world map, or do a report on their country. ©2018 The NEED Project

Global Trading Game

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NOTE: Please see page 3 for an important note regarding statistics used in this game.

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Teacher Guide

Day One  Materials Country

packets in envelopes, see pages 9-10 Job Descriptions and Actions master, page 11 Country

Comparison Chart master, page 18 Country

Analysis Sheet, page 57

2Preparation Divide

the class into six groups.

Assemble

country packets.

Make

copies of the Country Analysis Sheet.

Prepare

copies of the masters for projection.

Procedure 1. Give an overview of the Global Trading Game, as follows: Each

of the six teams represents a different country.

Each

country, just as in the real world, has different amounts of money, industry, people, and other resources. These commodities and resources have positive and negative impacts.

Everyone

will have a job that is important to the country’s ability to advance in the game.

2. Distribute a country packet to each group and a Country Analysis Sheet to each player. Explain that prior to playing the game, each team must understand its country’s unique strengths and weaknesses, assets and needs.

3. Instruct the teams to remove the country profiles and comparison charts from their envelopes. As they read about their country, use the questions below to help students guide their reading. Project or display for student use.

What

are three strengths of your country?

What

are three weaknesses of your country?

Using

the Country Comparison Chart, how does your country compare to the other countries in the game?

4. Have each student complete the Country Analysis Sheet.

5. Using the master of the Country Comparison Chart, review and define the country profile categories. For example: Population:

Abundant population can be an advantage by contributing to a strong labor force. It can also be a disadvantage by increasing pollution and/or energy consumption.

Climate:

Weather can be a factor in obtaining and consuming energy resources.

6. Display the Job Descriptions and Actions master as you describe the occupations. After you have reviewed the occupations, have each student choose an occupation.

7. Explain the procedure for playing the game on Day Two and have the students return the packets to you.

8. For some students, a discussion about some of the statistics may be helpful. Ensure your students understand Btu (British thermal unit), Quads (Q), and gross domestic product per capita (GDP/capita). You may also need to review literacy rate and differences between types of governments.

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©2018 The NEED Project

Global Trading Game

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Day Two  Materials Assembled

country bins Old

newspaper or tablecloths Country

packets in envelopes Energy

resource cards (set aside) Job Descriptions and Actions master, page 11 Geologist

Map, page 58 International

Trade Center sign, page 60 (optional) Game

boards, pages 61-62 (optional)

2Preparation Place

students into their groups again and review the activities and discussion that took place in the last session.

Make

a copy of the Geologist Map for each group.

Prepare

game boards, signs, and masters as needed.

Classroom Management Tip: Depending on how you conduct the game, it may be necessary to instruct the geologists and miners to work on reclaiming their land simultaneously with the trading rounds so that all students feel busy during the entirety of the game. It may also be helpful to add a step where each geologist and miner need to inspect other countries’ reclamation efforts to make sure these jobs are done satisfactorily.

Procedure 1. Redistribute the country packets to the student groups.

2. Have the students discuss in their groups what they learned about their country on Day One. Place the country bins at the International Trade Center for distribution later in the game.

3. Using the Job Descriptions and Actions master, have the students recall the job they chose and review and discuss the different roles.

4. Have the economic advisors sort the industry, technology, and workforce cards from their country packet, and organize them on the game boards. If you are not using the game boards, have the students place the cards into three rows. Tell students they will get their energy resource cards upon the completion of mining. Set these pieces aside and only distribute them to teams after they have mined all the resources for their country.

5. Call the geologists and miners to the International Trade Center to collect their country’s bin and old newspaper or tablecloth. Provide each group with a Geologist Map. Give them the following instructions: GEOLOGISTS:

Observe the plot of land and make a sketch of the landscape on the map, labeling any hills or changes in the landscape.

The large rocks represent hills and the sticks represent valleys. Use the straws to probe the soil for energy resources buried there, then mark on the map the location of any energy resources you find.

MINERS:

Carefully remove the earth layer by layer, and set each layer aside on the newspaper or tablecloth. Use the geologist map to locate the energy resources. When you find the energy resources, bring them to the facilitator and exchange them for energy resource cards. Return the energy resources to the bin and give the cards to your economic advisor. As the traders and advisors do their jobs, you must work with the geologists to restore the plot of land.

6. Advise the economic advisors and international traders to prepare for the trading rounds. Give them the following instructions: ECONOMIC

ADVISORS: Develop a strategy to allow your team to end up with exactly five of each of the commodity cards. Decide what needs to be bought and how much the team is willing to pay for it, and what needs to be sold and at what price.

INTERNATIONAL

TRADERS: Use the economic advisor’s strategy and your ability to negotiate to obtain the commodities your country needs and trade the commodities you don’t need during the trading rounds.

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Global Trading Game

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7. Explain the rules for trading: Trading

may occur only at the International Trade Center.

Only

the international traders may buy, sell, and trade commodities.

If trading is done by anyone other than a trader, or in any place other than the International Trade Center, the teams must forfeit the next round of trading.

If any trading is done before or after the trading signal, the teams must forfeit the next round of trading.

8. Give a warning, then signal the start of Round 1 trading. Allow 90 seconds for trading, then signal the end of the round.

9. Remind students of their end goal. Have the students regroup for two to three minutes to allow the economic advisors to create a strategy for the next round of trading.

10. Conduct Round 2 trading for 90 seconds.

11. At the conclusion of the second round, have the students return to their groups and complete the Impact Worksheets in their country packets. An impact is an effect on the environment as a result of energy production/consumption, industry, technology, or the workforce. Briefly discuss the definition and examples of impacts.

12. Have the students reveal all of the game cards to discover the impacts.

13. Explain that in the last trading round, teams must still attempt to obtain five of each kind of card, but must also try to end up with 21 or fewer impacts.

OPTIONAL: It is a challenge for everyone to end up with 21 or fewer impacts, but possible. You might choose to make it easier, if you want everyone to win, by changing the number of impacts to 23, or make it impossible for everyone to win by lowering the impacts to 19.

14. Allow two to five minutes for the teams to form a new strategy for the final round of trading based on the number of impacts they have.

15. Signal the start of the final trading round. Allow three minutes for trading, then signal the end of the round.

16. Review the activity with the students using the Summary Questions listed below.

17. Evaluate the activity with the students using the Evaluation Form on page 63 and return the evaluation to The NEED Project.

? Summary Questions How

many countries met the goal of five of each commodity card with 21 or fewer impacts?

What

are some reasons a country might have trouble meeting that goal?

Do you think the reasons for struggles in this game could occur in real countries?

In reality, what resources and impacts would countries want to increase and decrease?

 Extensions Refer

to the country profiles on pages 12-17. State key information from each country profile and ask the students to guess which real country their profile represents. As an extension, have students locate that country on a world map. Refer to the Teacher Key on page 19 for the actual countries with their profile information.

NOTE: Please refer to page 3 for an important note regarding facts and figures used in this guide.

To increase the challenge, add a cost to the reclamation process. Countries will need to pledge and set aside an amount of cash to fund reclamtion. If you wish you can also assess fines if reclamation does not occur to the satisfaction of the geologists and miners from around the globe.

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Game Construction

Note About Game Construction: Construction of the game can be lengthly. However, country packets, country bins, and game boards can all be re-used after initial preparation.

 Materials 12 Plastic spoons 30 Plastic drinking straws cut in half 6 Plastic storage containers approximately 12”x 16”x 8” 1 50 Pound bag of sand 1 25 Pound bag of small aquarium gravel 12 Rocks approximately 2”- 3” in diameter 6 Craft sticks 30 Marbles or 1” pieces of wood 1 Timer with alarm 6 Sturdy envelopes 9”x 12” 6 Sets of 20 sheets of paper (8½” x 11”) each set a different color OPTIONAL:

To construct game boards and signs, you will need 13 8½” x 14” sheets of colored paper (all the same color)

2Preparation 1. Choose one color paper for each country. You will use this color for the game pieces and energy bucks. For example, the energy bucks and game pieces for Country #1 will be on blue paper, Country #2 on yellow, etc. The originals for the game pieces are found on pages 21-56. A page of impacts follows each of the commodity pages. The top right or left corner designates each page to a certain country.

2. Copy the game piece pages with the impact symbols on the back so that each game piece is two-sided.

3. Copy and cut energy bucks for each country using the color for that country and the template on page 20. Each country requires a different number of copies, as reflected in the chart below: COUNTRY

NUMBER OF COPIES

NUMBER OF BUCKS

1

3

23,000

2

1

5,000

3

3

20,000

4

4

25,000

5

2

10,000

6

3

17,000

4. Using the same color paper as the game pieces and energy bucks, make six copies of the Country Profiles for each country, found on pages 12-17, one copy of the Geologist Map on page 58, and one copy of the Impact Worksheet on page 59.

5. Using the same colored paper, make six copies of the Country Comparison Chart for each country, found on page 18. Prepare a copy of the Country Comparison Chart to project.

6. Prepare a copy of the Job Descriptions and Actions master found on page 11 to project.

7. Cut and laminate the energy bucks and playing cards. Laminate the Country Profiles and Country Comparison Chart, if desired.

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Global Trading Game

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Procedure 1. Create a teacher packet, including: The

energy resource cards for all the countries—each country in a separate envelope A copy of the Teacher Key (page 19) Copies

of the Job Descriptions and Actions and the Country Comparison Chart masters (optional) 2. Organize the country materials on page 9 into the 9”x 12” envelopes for each country. Label each envelope 1–6 to correspond with the country number. Place the following into each country’s envelope: Energy

bucks Industry,

technology, and workforce cards (excluding energy resource cards) Country

Profile sheets Country

Comparison Chart Country

Analysis Sheet Impact

Worksheet 2 Spoons 10 Drinking straw halves 3. Create plastic bins representing plots of land for each country. Number the bins 1–6. Each plot of land contains a certain number of energy resources that can be mined. The marbles or wood pieces represent energy resources. Use the following list as a guide to place the correct number of energy resources in each country’s bin: Country

1 Country

2 Country

3 Country

4 Country

5 Country

6

7 4 1 10 5 3

4. Bury the energy resources by filling each plastic bin with three inches of sand, then two inches of aquarium rocks or small pebbles.

5. Place two large rocks and one craft stick on the surface of each plot of land. The rocks represent hills and the craft stick represents a valley. The layout of these features need not be identical.

OPTIONAL: Enlarge and copy the INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTER sign (page 60) onto 8½” x 14” colored paper. Laminate for durability.

Enlarge and copy the two game boards (pages 61-62) onto 8½” x 14” colored paper. Laminate each game board for durability.

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Global Trading Game

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MASTER

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Job Descriptions and Actions

Geologists Make a map of the plot of land. Mark hills and differences in landscape. Locate your country’s energy resources by probing the soil using a straw. Mark promising sites with a straw. Assist the miners in reclaiming the land after it is mined. Use your map as a guide.

Miners Mine your energy resources using the surface mining method and the Geologist Map. Remove each layer of earth until you reach the energy resources. Use the tools to mine the energy resources. You may not touch them with your hands until they are on the surface.

Bring all mined energy sources to the facilitator or your teacher to receive energy cards when you hear the signal. Work with the geologists to reclaim the land.

Economic Advisors Develop a trading strategy. Decide how many cards your country needs and how much you are willing to pay for them. Decide how many cards you can trade and what other countries should pay or trade for them. Use the Country Comparison Chart to learn about the other countries. Explain your strategy to your international traders and tell them what your cards are worth.

International Traders Persuade other countries to buy, sell, and trade what your country has or needs. At the signal, report to the International Trade Center. You will have 90 seconds to conduct your business during each of the two trading sessions. At the end of each trading session, return to your economic advisors, and give them the cards and money for the next strategy sessions.

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Global Trading Game

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Country Profile 1

SIZE

3,806,000 square miles; about half of the size of Russia

POPULATION

326.6 million; average life expectancy is 80 years. There are about 86 people per square mile.

ECONOMY

This country currently has one of the strongest economies in the world. The standard of living is considered high, but emphasis on technology has caused people without an education to make less money. Gross domestic product per capita is $59,500.

INDUSTRY

This country has many different types of businesses and more factories than most other countries. It produces petroleum products, steel, motor vehicles, telephone service, chemicals, electronics, food, consumer goods, lumber, and mining.

ENERGY

This country consumes 97.7 quads of energy per year and imports about 10 percent of the energy it uses. About 63 percent of the country’s electricity generation is fossil fuels, while about 20 percent comes from nuclear energy, and 7 percent from hydropower. The remaining 10 percent is produced by geothermal, wind, biomass, and solar sources.

TECHNOLOGY

This country is very successful in space exploration, chemistry, electronics, lasers, plastics, and computers. Robots have replaced human assembly lines in many factories.

RESOURCES

The country has energy resources of coal, natural gas, petroleum, and uranium. Other resources include copper, lead, phosphates, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, silver, tungsten, zinc, and timber.

ENVIRONMENT This country is one of the largest producers of carbon dioxide in the world. It burns fossil fuels, which can cause air pollution. Other issues are nuclear waste disposal, water pollution, air pollution, acid rain, and lack of freshwater resources in parts of the country. The country is working to improve air and water quality and protecting its native plants and animals.

GOVERNMENT Multiparty democracy, constitution-based federal republic CLIMATE

The extreme northern part of the country experiences long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The extreme south is semi-tropical with no noticeable change in seasons. The eastern part of the country is humid, and the western part is very dry. The majority of the country is temperate with mild winters and warm summers.

AUTOMOBILES 424 per 1,000 people LITERACY RATE 99 percent

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Country Profile 2

SIZE

1,269,538 square miles; one-third the size of the United States

POPULATION

1.3 billion; average life expectancy is 69 years. There are about 1,024 people per square mile.

ECONOMY

This country has the third largest economy in the world. About half of the people are farmers, but the service industry, specifically information technology services, is also a major area of the workforce. Portions of the population do not have enough food and medicine, and some do not have indoor bathrooms. Many challenges exist in the economy, including a lacking infrastructure, high population, corruption, and high spending, but the country continues to be integrated into the global economy. Gross domestic product per capita is $7,200.

INDUSTRY

The major industries are producing clothing, chemicals, food, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, and medicines.

ENERGY

This country uses 31.5 quads of energy per year. About 43 percent of that energy is imported from other countries.

About 81 percent of the country’s electricity is generated from fossil fuels, about 3 percent from nuclear, and another 15 percent from hydropower and other renewable sources. This country converts a large portion of waste into energy. This country experiences power shortages often.

TECHNOLOGY

This country’s scientists work to improve power generation and distribution so that the people can have more reliable electricity. They are also working on better telephone and road systems. Robots are seldom used because there is a large labor force that needs jobs. Software, machinery, and pharmaceutical technology are highly researched and developed here. It is the second largest user of cellular technology despite its poor infrastructure.

RESOURCES

This country is the third largest coal producer in the world. It also has iron ore, mica, bauxite, titanium, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, rare-earth elements, and arable land.

ENVIRONMENT The biggest challenge is soil erosion. To feed the large population, forests have been cut down for farming and animal grazing. This lack of trees causes flooding. Other concerns are groundwater pollution and air pollution. Throughout the country, tap water is unsafe to drink due to sewage and pesticide run-off.

GOVERNMENT

Federal republic

CLIMATE

The mountains in the north are permanently frozen due to their altitude. The west coast is a tropical rain forest and is always hot and wet. The center of the country is semi-desert, which is hot with very little rain. The majority of the country is hot, but has seasonal rainfall, creating dry and wet seasons.

AUTOMOBILES 12 per 1,000 people LITERACY RATE 71 percent

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Country Profile 3

SIZE

145,882 square miles; about the size of California

POPULATION

126.5 million; average life expectancy is 85 years. There are about 867 people per square mile.

ECONOMY

This country has the fourth largest economy in the world. The people are hard working and there is a large computer industry. The people don’t eat a lot of beef or chicken because there isn’t land to raise farm animals. Most people eat seafood, so the fishing industry is very strong. Most of the people are well fed, receive good health care, and have access to computers. Gross domestic product per capita is $42,800.

INDUSTRY

This is one of the world’s largest producers of motor vehicles. Steel and other metals, electronic equipment, machine tools, ships, chemicals, clothes, and food are all produced by this country. This country is known for being very productive and efficient.

ENERGY

This country uses 20.4 quads of energy each year, and imports about 90 percent of it from other countries. Transportation fuels are typically bought from other countries. The electricity it generates mostly comes from fossil fuels (81 percent), but hydropower (8.2 percent) and other renewable sources (9 percent) are also used. It is the largest importer of coal, LNG, and the second largest importer of petroleum. This country recently reduced its use of nuclear energy for electricity generation. Nuclear energy now makes up only 1.7 percentage of this country’s electricity generation.

TECHNOLOGY

This country has made many improvements in fuel-efficient automobiles, robotics, communications, cancer research, biotechnology, high-speed trains, and electronics. Some work has been done with communications satellites.

RESOURCES

This country has very few mineral resources. The main natural resources are fish and seafood.

ENVIRONMENT The number one challenge is air pollution from power plants. Other problems include acid rain and water pollution, both of which are threatening to fish and sea animals. This country’s appetite for fish and tropical timber is contributing to the depletion of these resources.

GOVERNMENT Parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy CLIMATE

The weather is temperate with hot, humid weather in the summer and cool temperatures in winter. Most of the land in this country is very mountainous.

AUTOMOBILES 453 per 1,000 people LITERACY RATE 99 percent

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Country Profile 4

SIZE

772,204 square miles; about one-fifth the size of the United States

POPULATION

28.6 million; average life expectancy is 76 years. There are about 37 people per square mile.

ECONOMY

Much of this country’s money comes from selling oil to other countries. The majority of the oil production is by a stateowned company. People who work for the oil companies are very rich, but some of the people are very poor. Often, oil-related jobs go to foreign nationals. They have good health care and access to standard technology. Gross domestic product per capita is $54,800.

INDUSTRY

The main industries are oil production, petroleum refining, plastics, cement, petrochemicals, construction, fertilizer, industrial gases, chemicals, and commercial ship and aircraft repair. Almost everything is oil related. Most other materials, such as machinery, most food, cars, and clothing must be bought from other counties.

ENERGY

This country consumes 9.6 quads of energy per year, but produces 29.4 quads per year. It exports roughly 67 percent of the energy it produces to other countries. All of their energy and electricity (100 percent) is produced by fossil fuels.

TECHNOLOGY

Almost all technology is imported, especially the tools for refining oil. This country has recently begun to fund training and education in science and technology.

RESOURCES

This country has the world’s second largest known reserves of oil. It also has reserves of natural gas, iron ore, gold, and copper.

ENVIRONMENT The biggest environmental challenges for this country are that it is running out of water and more and more land is becoming desert. The people are working hard to build machines and factories that can remove salt from seawater.

There have also been oil spills near the coast, causing pollution.

GOVERNMENT Monarchy CLIMATE

The weather of the country is harsh, dry desert with great extremes in temperature.

AUTOMOBILES 139 per 1,000 people LITERACY RATE 95 percent

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Country Profile 5

SIZE

471,008 square miles; about twice the size of Texas

POPULATION

54.8 million; average life expectancy is 64 years. There are about 116 people per square mile.

ECONOMY

This country is a middle-income, developing country, with a large supply of natural resources. It has a well-established modern infrastructure but struggles with unstable electrical supply and grid management. The stock exchange is the 16th largest in the world. Most of the country’s money is from mining. Some of the people are well fed, receive decent health care, and have access to standard technologies, but some of the people are very, very poor. Approximately 20 percent of its workforce is unemployed and lives in poverty. Gross domestic product per capita is $13,500, with stark inequality among its citizens.

INDUSTRY

The principal industries are mining, car assembly, metalworking, machinery, clothing, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, commercial ship repair, and food. This country is the world’s largest producer of gold, platinum, and chromium.

ENERGY

This country consumes 6.8 quads of energy per year, but produces 7.2 quads. It exports about 6 percent of its energy to other countries. About 90 percent of its electricity generation is fossil fuels, 6 percent is nuclear energy, and 5 percent is hydropower and other renewables.

TECHNOLOGY

This country is working to advance its power demand and grid reliability. It has built new power stations to help manage electricity supply.

RESOURCES

This country has a lot of gold, chromium, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, and natural gas.

ENVIRONMENT The main challenge in this country is lack of water. Many rivers are polluted, so the government often asks, and sometimes forces, people to use less water. Also, it has challenges with air pollution, acid rain, and soil erosion, all of which are causing more land to become desert-like.

GOVERNMENT Republic CLIMATE

The western half of the country is desert or semi-desert. The rest of the country is subtropical and has sunny days and cool nights.

AUTOMOBILES 112 per 1,000 people LITERACY RATE 94 percent

16

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Country Profile 6

SIZE

94,525 square miles; slightly smaller than Oregon

POPULATION

65.6 million; average life expectancy is 81 years. There are about 694 people per square mile.

ECONOMY

This country is one of the world’s great trading powers. This country is ranked in the top 10 in the world economically.

The people are well fed, get good health care, and have access to advanced technology. Gross domestic product per capita is $44,100.

INDUSTRY

The main industries are machinery, equipment for power companies, factories and railroads, shipbuilding, aircraft, cars and car parts, electronics and communications, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food, clothing, and other consumer goods.

ENERGY

This country consumes 8.3 quads of energy per year, but it only produces 5.2 quads. It must import about 37 percent of its energy from other countries. 52 percent of the electricity it generates comes from fossil fuels, just over 21 percent from nuclear energy, and roughly 27 percent from renewables, including hydropower. This country had once been a net exporter of fossil fuels but has recently begun relying on imports to balance production and consumption with declining reserves and concern for environmental impacts from drilling.

TECHNOLOGY

This country does a lot of research through the military and defense. People from this country developed steam-powered engines and discovered DNA. Other research includes astronomy, superconductivity, and lasers.

RESOURCES

This country has large reserves of coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, zinc, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica, slate, and arable land.

ENVIRONMENT This country is a world leader in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The government has also focused on reducing industrial, commercial, and household wastes that go into landfills.

GOVERNMENT Constitutional monarchy and commonwealth realm CLIMATE

Temperate conditions with mild winters and warm summers are the standard; there is rain year round.

AUTOMOBILES 457 per 1,000 people LITERACY RATE 99 percent

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MASTER

Electricity Generation

by Source

e Country 2

Country 3

Country 4

Country 5

Country 6

65.6 million

Country 1

54.8 million

694

94,525 28.6 million

116

471,008

126.5 million

37

772,204

1.3 billion 867

$44,100

145,882

326.6 million 1,024

$13,500

1,269,538

86

$54,800

High

$42,800

Middle

Imports about 37% of energy used

$7,200

Exports about 6% of energy produced

8.3 quads

$59,500

3,806,000

Country Comparison Chart

Size (Square Miles) Population Density (People per square mile) Gross Domestic Product per Capita (PPP)*

6.8 quads

5.2 quads

Very high for most, Very low for some

9.6 quads

7.2 quads

52.1%

High

20.4 quads

29.4 quads

89.7%

21.1%

Low

31.5 quads

2.0 quads

100%

5.9%

2.5%

High

97.73 quads

18.1 quads

81.1%

0%

1.6%

24.3%

Standard of Living

Annual Energy Use (quad = quadrillion Btu) 87.54 quads

81.2%

1.7%

0%

2.8%

99%

Other Renewables (biofuels, waste, solar, etc.)

Hydropower

99%

10.2%

71%

Imports about 43% of Imports about 90% of Exports about 67% of energy used energy used energy produced

Energy Production

62.8%

2.6%

8.2%

0%

94%

Literacy Rate

Imports about 10.4% of energy used

Fossil Fuels

20.0%

9.3%

9.0%

95%

Leader in air pollution reduction

Air and water pollution, acid rain, over fishing

Environmental Issues

Acid rain; air, water and soil pollution

Energy Balance

Uranium (nuclear)

7.3%

6.9%

99%

Lack of water, desertification, pollution

Water conservation and pollution, desertification, erosion, soil, pollution

Soil erosion, deforestation, pollution, exposure to disease, lack of clean water

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$59,500

86

326.6 million

3,806,000

United States

Country 1

$7,200

1,024

1.3 billion

1,269,538

India

Country 2

$42,800

867

126.5 million

145,882

Japan

Country 3

Very high for most, Very low for some

$54,800

37

28.6 million

772,204

Saudi Arabia

Country 4

Middle

$13,500

116

54.8 million

471,008

South Africa

Country 5

High

$44,100

694

65.6 million

94,525

United Kingdom

Country 6

Imports about 37% of energy used

High

Exports about 6% of energy produced

Imports about 43% of Imports about 90% Exports about 67% of energy used of energy used energy produced

Low

Imports about 10.4% of energy used

8.3 quads

High

Teacher Key

Country Name

Size (Square Miles) Population Density (People per square mile) Gross Domestic Product per Capita (PPP)* Standard of Living Energy Balance

6.8 quads

20.4 quads

9.6 quads

31.5 quads

5.2 quads

97.73 quads

7.2 quads

Annual Energy Use (quad = quadrillion Btu)

29.4 quads

2.0 quads

52.1%

18.1 quads

21.1%

87.54 quads

5.9%

89.7%

Energy Production

0%

1.7%

81.1%

100% 2.6%

81.2%

2.5%

62.8%

1.6%

20.0%

0%

24.3%

Fossil Fuels

8.2%

2.8%

Uranium (nuclear)

9.3%

0%

7.3%

9.0%

Hydropower

6.9%

99%

10.2%

94%

Other Renewables (biofuels, waste, solar, etc.)

95%

71%

99%

99%

Leader in air pollution reduction

Literacy Rate Environmental Issues

Air and water pollution, acid rain, over fishing

Lack of water, desertification, pollution

Acid rain; air, water and soil pollution

Water conservation and pollution, desertification, erosion, soil, pollution

Soil erosion, deforestation, pollution, exposure to disease, lack of clean water

Technology

Industry

Energy Resource

7

8

11

7

5,000

12

1

2

4

20,000

5

8

8

1

25,000

1

2

4

10

10,000

2

3

2

5

17,000

3

6

5

3

Number of Cards

Workforce

23,000

Energy Bucks

19

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COUNTRY 1 RESOURCE IMPACTS

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COUNTRY 1 INDUSTRY IMPACTS

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COUNTRY 2 RESOURCE IMPACTS

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COUNTRY 2 WORKFORCE IMPACTS

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COUNTRY 3 RESOURCE IMPACTS

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COUNTRY 4 RESOURCE IMPACTS

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Country Analysis Sheet

What are three strengths or assets of your country?

1. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ What are three weaknesses or needs of your country?

1. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

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e

Geologist Map

Draw your country map below.

58

EAST

WEST

NORTH

SOUTH

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Impact Worksheet

As a group, try to think of one positive impact and one negative impact of increasing each commodity, then the impacts of decreasing each commodity. Fill in the blanks below with your answers.

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INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTER 60

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INDUSTRY

TECHNOLOGY

GAME BOARD

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WORKFORCE

ENERGY RESOURCE

GAME BOARD

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