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18 Focus on Technology: Can AI be helpful for your city?
Focus on Technology: Holyoke police move records to the cloud
Focus on Technology: Communities turn to new technologies to enhance capabilities and improve outcomes
Focus on Technology: Lightning suppression devices prevent strikes on critical city buildings
Focus on Technology: San Antonio residents shape city’s technology adoptions
40 Municipal Management: Community Tool Shed is low-cost solution to code compliance violations
42 Streets, Highways & Bridges: Wilmington, N.C., makes heavy investments in its future
44 Parks & Environmental Services: Logan, Utah, repurposes landfill into public recreation space
Building & Construction: Connecticut airport completes $2.5 million taxiway rehabilitation despite setbacks
publisher RON BAUMGARTNER rbaumgartner@the-papers.com
editor-in-chief DEB PATTERSON dpatterson@the-papers.com
SARAH WRIGHT swright@the-papers.com
publication manager CHRIS SMITH chris@themunicipal.com
business manager
ANNETTE WEAVER aweaver@the-papers.com
mail manager
KHOEUN KHOEUTH kkhoeuth@the-papers.com
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Jennifer Barton, Beth Anne Brink-Cox, Lauren Caggiano, Nicholette Carlson, Denise Fedorow, Danielle Lund, Janet G. Patterson, Julie Young
The rise of AI
Sarah Wright | Editor
It seems impossible to go a day without hearing something related to artificial intelligence. Truly, it is amazing how much AI has exploded, advancing in leaps and bounds versus a gradual unroll. Nowadays, everyone uses AI, whether or not they know it, since it is integrated into so many systems, from our phones to our computers to our social media platforms. Even a simple Google search is now accompanied by an AI summary of search results. AI promises to be helpful. It can offer time-savings, improved decision-making, optimization, among other pluses. I, for one, am in love with transcription programs and wish they’d been around when I was still covering town council meetings.
However, it comes with drawbacks. Remember those Google AI searches? They aren’t always the best; in fact, some of the generated results contain untruths and errors. In May 2024, the New York Times noted one instance where glue was given as an ingredient for pizza. Yummy. Inaccurate information is not the only concern. Deep fakes have become harder to spot, and in the future, such videos and photos will probably cause headaches for municipalities, which is why having guidelines for AI use and training employees on AI is vital. In the training, how to spot deep fakes should be a priority. It is also important to manage expectations of what AI can actually bring to an organization. It may not be as streamlined as expected.
In an October Forbes article, “AI Is Supposed To Make Work Better. Is It Doing The Opposite,” Dr. Kelly Monahan, managing director of The
Upwork Research Institute, told writer Mark C. Perna, “AI is not a simple plugand-play solution. Organizations often underestimate the learning curve and the additional mental load required for workers to effectively integrate AI tools into their daily routines.”
Monahan further noted that many employees tasked with using AI are not receiving proper training. He suggested organizations bring in outside experts to help workforces with AI projects, rethink how productivity is measured and start moving toward skilled-based hiring and workflows rather than relying on job descriptions to organize work.
Like other workforces, municipalities are exploring AI offerings. In this issue of The Municipal, we are sharing the experience of two cities Murray City, Utah, and San Jose, Calif. with AI and how they are choosing to use it. Both cities offer valuable insights on both empowering and educating staff on the use of AI.
Artificial intelligence is just one technology that cities are exploring, and this issue is highlighting new technologies that are helping cities streamline operations.
As I finish this column, I am following the destruction Hurricane Helene has left in its path. The hearts of The Municipal staff are with those impacted by this horrible storm. For previous issues, we have spoken to and interviewed some of the municipalities impacted by Helene, spotlighting their achievements and the good people driving them. We are devastated to see the sheer damage they are now facing. M
Weedoo Boats:
Trusted by Municipalities Worldwide for Eco-Friendly Aquatic Management Equipment
By KARLA MORIARTY | Weedoo Greenboat, Inc.
Weedoo Boats is a global leader in the manufacturing of aquatic weed management equipment, trusted by federal agencies and municipalities alike.
Operating in 41 states and 17 countries, Weedoo has established a proven reputation for innovation and environmental responsibility by providing eco-friendly solutions that meet the demands of large-scale projects. From coast to coast and beyond, Weedoo workboats are integral to federal and municipal operations, showcasing their expertise in industries such as water treatment, power
plants and chemical facilities. Government agencies worldwide turn to Weedoo for their expertise and sustainable solutions in aquatic management.
Nationally recognized excellence in manufacturing Weedoo holds ISO 9001 certification, underscoring its commitment to quality
ABOVE: It fits. Weedoo’s shallow draft hull and lightweight design allow for easy maneuverability in narrow spaces. (Photo provided by Weedoo Boats)
management and meeting regulatory standards. Nationally recognized by respected organizations like the Edward Lowe Foundation, Weedoo was also honored with the GrowFL Award for innovation, leadership and positive community impact. The South Florida Manufacturers Association awarded Weedoo for their operational excellence, highlighting the company’s ability to combine cutting-edge technology with reliable
craftsmanship. These accomplishments are just a few reasons why government agencies and municipalities, both nationally and internationally, trust Weedoo as a reliable partner.
At the forefront of innovation
At the heart of Weedoo’s continued dominance in the industry is its commitment to innovation. One recent achievement is the TC-3012 TURBO, which provides more power and propulsion, setting a new standard for performance. Its advanced design not only boosts efficiency but also reduces environmental impact, helping municipalities clear invasive weeds, debris and other aquatic hazards faster and more precisely than ever before. Whether operating in narrow canals or large lakes, this machine is built to navigate tough terrains while delivering exceptional results.
One of the key benefits of Weedoo boats has always been their versatility. They can be outfitted with a wide range of attachments, making them multifunctional workhorses capable of handling a vast array of aquatic management tasks. From weed cutting to debris removal, the Weedoo adapts to the specific requirements of any project, making it an indispensable tool for municipalities locally and internationally.
Committed to the environment
The company’s success is also about creating solutions that protect and preserve aquatic environments. Municipalities are increasingly turning to Weedoo for environmentally responsible alternatives to traditional chemical treatments. Mechanical harvesting solutions keep lakes, rivers and ponds free of invasive species and harmful algae while minimizing the environmental footprint.
Weedoo’s focus on eco-friendly solutions not only reflects industry trends but is also a core part of the company’s mission. By providing equipment for the sustainable management of waterways, Weedoo helps municipalities reduce their reliance on harmful herbicides, which can have longterm negative effects on local ecosystems and drinking water supplies.
A wide range of products & accessories
As Weedoo continues to expand its presence both nationally and internationally, the company offers an ever-innovative product lineup,
Surf, turf and in between — the Weedoo AmphiKing is a multifunctional amphibious boat that works on land, water and in swampy areas. (Photo provided by Weedoo
in addition to TC-3012 and 3014 TURBO, there is the amphibious AmphiKing workboat and the TC-6520 mowing/collecting boat. Weedoo’s quick-change attachments make it possible to provide the right tool for the job at hand.
Weedoo will keep pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in the aquatic management industry. With a strong commitment to innovation, sustainability, and customer satisfaction, Weedoo is poised to lead the industry
for years to come, remaining a trusted partner for municipalities worldwide in providing reliable, eco-friendly aquatic management.
Weedoo contact information: Phone: 561-204-5765
Email: sales@weedooboats.com
Website: www.weedooboats.com
Weedoo is a registered trademark of Weedoo Greenboat, Inc.
West Palm Beach, Fla.
Weedoo was honored by both GrowFL and South Florida Manufacturers Association for manufacturing and operational excellence. (Photo provided by Weedoo Boats)
Boats)
The International Tennis Hall of Fame
By JULIE YOUNG | The Municipal
Nestled in the heart of the Bellevue Historic District, the International Tennis Hall of Fame is a must-see for anyone who “loves” the game. Built at the height of the Gilded Age, the iconic complex is not only a National Historic Landmark but also one of the crown jewels of the sport.
With 2,000 square feet of gallery space and the finest grass courts west of Wimbledon, the Tennis Hall of Fame is a place where the past is preserved, champions are celebrated and the game is grown within a global community.
The Newport Casino Commissioned in 1879 by New York Herald publisher James Gordon Bennett Jr., the Newport Casino was to serve as a summer social club for coastal elites. The Victorian-shingle style complex was designed by the newly formed McKim, Mead, & White architectural firm that would create the Brooklyn Museum, the Boston Public Library and the main campus of Columbia University before eventually renovating both the East Wing and West Wing of the White House.
The casino’s amenities included areas for squash, billiards and lawn bowling as well as reading rooms, shops, a convertible theater and a ballroom. In 1880 both lawn and court tennis facilities were installed, and it wasn’t long before tennis became the key attraction of the resort.
ABOVE: The International Tennis Hall of Fame’s legendary grass courts are open to the public year-round. They are also the site for various tournaments and clinics. (NicoFlynn via Wikimedia Commons; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/4.0/deed.en)
In 1881, the United States Lawn Tennis Association held its first championships on the grounds a tradition that continued through 1914 until World War I suspended play.
As the Gilded Age gave way to the Roaring ’20s, the subsequent Depression era and the World War II years, the Newport Casino struggled to stay afloat. Social club retreats no longer attracted the wealthy and powerful seasonal tourists they had before, and the complex fell into disrepair. By 1950 the facility was in danger of being demolished and redeveloped into something more modern, but Newport resident Jimmy Van Alen stepped in to save the crumbling casino as well as its rich tennis tradition.
A shrine to the sport
Jimmy Van Alen was not only a former national singles and doubles champion, but he pioneered a streamlined scoring system for tennis that introduced the concept of the “tie break” that is used today to end prolonged matches. He got the idea to create a shrine to the
Visitors to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, R.I., say that the architecture and ambiance is the perfect place for any tennis fan and one of the few places in the U.S. where the game can play on real grass courts. (MollieGPhoto/Shutterstock.com)
ideals of the sport after a visit to the National Baseball Hall in Cooperstown, N.Y. Remembering the Newport Casino’s ties to the tennis community, he hated the thought of the once venerated facility being reduced to rubble and redeveloped into a retail space. Together with his wife Candy, he purchased the property and in 1954 established the National Tennis Hall of Fame on the grounds. The United States Tennis Association endorsed the institution the year of its inception and a year later, the first Hall of Fame members were inducted: Oliver Campbell, U.S. Singles Champion 1890-92, and Joseph Clark and Richard Sears, U.S. Doubles champions 1885.
The National Tennis Hall of Fame was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and, with the induction of England’s Fred Perry, Wimbledon Singles Champion 1934-36, five years later, the Hall of Fame became an international organization. To date, there have been 262 inductees representing 27 countries throughout the world. Notable members of the Hall of Fame include two-time calendar Grand Slam champion Rod Laver, 22-time Grand Slam Champion Steffi Graff and World Tennis Magazine founder Gladys Heldman as well as inspirational trailblazers such as Arthur Ashe and Billie Jean King. Van Alen himself was inducted in 1965.
Inductees are highlighted in the Enshrinement Gallery, which is home to a collection of more than 30,000 artifacts including art, fashion, photos, videos, publications and more. The museum is divided into three sections that highlight the Birth of Tennis, 1874-1918; the Popular Game, 1918-68; and the Open Era, 1968-present. Visitors have the chance to see a rare book from 1555 that has what is believed to be the earliest known writing about the sport; the bold tennis fashions of Ted Tinling, who brought color and glamor to his custom creations for Suzanne Lenglen and Martina Navratilova; and the grand-slam gallery featuring major trophies won by champions over the years. Interactive exhibits include a 5-foot tennis trivia table, a hologram of Roger Federer explaining why he loves the game, and the Arthur Ashe
The International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, R.I., includes a museum that celebrates the history of the sport and includes memorabilia from some of the kings and queens of the court such as Monica Seles, Serena Williams and Roger Federer. Pictured is the outfit worn by Seles at the 1995 U.S. Open. (David via Flickr; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/)
Originally known as the Newport Casino, the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, R.I., was commissioned in 1879 as a summer social club for wealthy elites. In 1950 the property was purchased by Jimmy Van Alen, who created a shrine to the game he loved. (RB Photo via Flickr; https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/2.0/)
’68 VR Experience, which allows guests to experience the moment in which Ashe became the first Black man to win the U.S. Open.
For those looking to play a set, the International Tennis Hall of Fame has 13 grass courts, three outdoor hard courts, a green clay court and an indoor “court” tennis facility. Court rentals, clinics and other programs are open to members as well as the general public.
“If you like tennis, the history of tennis, amazing architecture or just the amazing atmosphere of Newport, the HOF is a must see,” said Heath Berkowitz of West Bridgewater, Mass. “I love to go there and dream that it’s the turn-of-the-century and I am one of the elite socialites who partied and played on these grounds so long ago.”
96 out of 100
According to The World Economic Forum, 96 out of 100 mayors and city staff have expressed interest in exploring the possible applications of GenAI rather than actively implementing it.
$76,316
After its water reclamation facility was struck by lightning in 2021, city of Cape Canaveral, Fla., faced an insurance claim of $76,316.
$130,000
Holyoke, Mass., Police Department is investing $130,000 a year in a new cloud-based record system.
$10,000,000
Quincy, Mass., issued the first U.S. public sector bond via blockchain in August. The city’s public authority issued $10 million of tax-exempt bonds leveraging the technology, a first step in transforming U.S. municipal debt markets.
San Antonio, Texas, has sought residents’ input about what technologies the city adopts. It has had more than 1,900 resident interactions across five SA Sandbox events.
88,000
Number of resident concerns that have been resolved by Sioux Falls, S.D., since 2019, when the city launched the first version of its municipal mobile app. The most common requests include pothole repairs, snow removal, traffic signals working improperly and mosquito concerns. The new version of the app uses city-owned software and will save the city a good amount of money.
Accuracy level at which participating tech companies and their software could identify objects via a car-mounted camera during a pilot program earlier this year. San Jose, Calif., used the technology that aimed to detect homeless encampments in certain sectors of the city.
Read about San Antonio’s efforts to engage its community on the topic of technology on page 32.
The Municipal spoke with two cities using AI. Learn about their experience on page 18.
Read about the new technology that Cape Canaveral is using to protect its infrastructure from lightning strikes on page 30.
Can AI be helpful for your city?
By DENISE FEDOROW | The Municipal
Most of us with a smartphone are using artificial intelligence every day whether or not we think we are. Are you asking Siri or Google to dial a phone number for you or give you directions? It’s AI. AI is becoming more prevalent and, frankly, more sophisticated than ever before, and more municipalities are using AI and generative AI in multiple ways.
Everything from adding a chatbot onto a city’s website like Colorado Springs, Colo.’s, ASKCOS, which provides information on city services to sorting trash and recyclables using AI technology like the city of Portsmouth, Va. But more commonly, municipalities are using generative AI or artificial intelligence that is capable of creating text, images or videos often in response to prompts.
According to a June 4, 2024, article in The World Economic Forum “Cities are Sizing up the Generative AI Skyline but First They Have to Establish the Ground Rules” 96 out of 100 mayors and city staff have expressed
interest in exploring the possible applications of GenAI rather than actively implementing it. While 96% of mayors are interested in using GenAI, many have not developed comprehensive policies and only 2% of cities are actually adopting the technology.
That article also claimed that the GenAI market is projected to expand to $255.8 billion by 2033, compared to $13.5 billion in 2023.
The Municipal spoke to representatives in two cities that are using AI, including Murray City, Utah.
Doug Hill, chief administrative officer for the city of Murray, a suburb of Salt Lake City, said, “Our city recorder, Brooke Smith, has
been our most interested person in learning about AI.”
He said she’s attended a lot of conferences and brought information back to the city. “She’s our most proficient user of AI,” he said, adding that she generally uses ChatGPT for RFPs (requests for proposals) for procurement, and she also does meeting minutes using voice recognition software that’s then fed into an AI program and writes the minutes. She then reviews them and makes sure they are accurate.
Hill said Smith has done a lot of research on different programs.
“We created an AI committee with representatives from most city departments. We meet monthly,” he said. Since the committee was just formed a few months ago, it has only met a few times so far to discuss how members are using AI.
“We decided to develop a policy on how to use it and talk about what type of software to use if not on an approved list.”
There is software out there that Murray is not using, and Hill gave a couple of examples, which include software for police departments that write reports using body cam footage and software for the water department that monitors water conservation efforts. He said, unlike some cities he’s aware of, the city of Murray is currently only using AI that has been approved by Homeland Security.
As for AI’s biggest benefits, Hill said, “It’s a tremendous timesaver. We’re generally using it for minutes, procurement policies, articles, speeches, simple things like emails, press releases things that would take several hours to produce before, Grammarly can do quickly.”
Hill gave an example of someone in the parks department coming to him because he needed specs for landscaping, and he wondered if there was a template document for that. Murray might have one, but Hill suggested he go to ChatGPT and type in landscaping specs and tell it specifically whether he wanted landscaping for a pool, park, tennis court, etc.
“He came back and showed me what it produced, and what would have taken hours, it took 15 minutes by AI so the greatest benefit so far is time savings,” Hill said.
But, Hill admitted, “Right now, we have more questions than answers” with some AI, but he hopes to use it to make their jobs easier.
Concerns about AI include privacy, accuracy and giving proper credit. Hill learned about the term “hallucinations” regarding AI also known by some more colorful terms which is when AI presents inaccurate information as fact. One study analyst said chatbots hallucinate as much as 27% of the time with factual errors present in 46% of generative AI.
So, Hill said staff members have to do a lot of fact checking. There are also concerns about information becoming public, since right now AI is an open infrastructure. One error they keep finding is “right now, they can’t distinguish between Murray City, Utah, and Murray, Ky.”
Even when Smith uses the voice recognition to take minutes, Hill said, “It’s not entirely accurate.” He added, “Most people don’t want to read word-for-word minutes, so she asks for a summary but we have to constantly fact check.”
He shared he was going to use generative AI for the mayor’s state of the city address, but “at the end of the day, it didn’t sound like the mayor, so we didn’t use it.”
Murray City also wants to be transparent about the use of generative AI. Hill said, “If someone is using ChatGPT, it says so somewhere as well as that it’s been edited and fact-checked by staff.”
San Jose, Calif.
Albert Gehemi, chief privacy officer for the city of San Jose, shared, “The way the city of San Jose thinks about AI is how can it help provide services more efficiently and help our services be more accessible.”
As for efficiency, staff are using GenAI to draft content “by editing and reviewing rather than writing from scratch.”
Gehemi said staff uses it for anything from purchasing documents, memos, emails and more. “They figured they’re saving on average an hour per task and for heavy users up to 8 hours drafting larger documents policies or solicitations. It helps us provide services we need to do faster and more efficiently.”
As for accessibility, San Jose has a “fantastic tool for language access for residents who can’t come to city hall or who don’t know how to communicate with us. We rolled out AI that basically translates city
council minutes into 50 different languages,” he said. “Our city clerk sings its praises it allows us to give access to so many residents in a way that wasn’t feasible or affordable before.”
The city is piloting a “computer vision” technology to detect road conditions. Gehemi said, “It’s still in testing, but we’re exploring how capable AI systems are able to detect issues in the street like potholes, etc. instead of relying completely on residents reporting.”
San Jose is “very excited” about an upskilling program and it’s working with six to seven departments to demonstrate what AI is and how to use it in their specific departments. “We’re going back and forth on how to better integrate it with our systems,” he said.
The main two concerns about AI are the same as Murray, Utah: data privacy and misinformation. Gehemi said, especially with “new types of AI like chatbots,” city leadership wants staff to know that
In its use of AI, Murray City aims to be transparent, particularly if using GenAI. Pictured is Murray City Hall. (Photo provided by Murray City, Utah)
From left, Albert Gehami, city of San Jose Privacy Officer, and Leila Doty, privacy and AI analyst, helm a booth during National AI Literacy Day. (Photo provided by San Jose, Calif.)
information being put into the system “can be exposed in a new way that was never an issue before.”
He said AI is really useful in finding things the city thought were hidden, but it wasn’t. So, staff is keeping in mind what’s going on public websites and are asking questions like who has access. The city is setting good guidance and keeping a tight grip on how staff and residents are navigating privacy concerns and it has developed AI guidelines.
Misinformation and deep fakes are a concern, so city leadership is educating staff on how to verify before acting. A part of that education is how to spot a deep fake and check AI for accuracy. He said the guidelines and policies the city has come from the GovAI coalition.
Because the AI space is moving so quickly, San Jose has more detail in the guidelines versus policy because it is always evolving. Gehemi said the city has already updated the guidelines once.
For the public, he said San Jose is focusing on education and working, especially with small businesses, on how to use AI tools safely and responsibly. There is also a focus on understanding and spotting deep fakes.
He said the city works with neighborhood associations on how to use AI, especially if they don’t speak the same language. The city helps small businesses use AI tools to streamline their business, especially if English is not their native language. This help highlights how AI can help them fill out paperwork, draft emails and run their businesses better.
The biggest advice Gehemi offered was to “join the GovAI coalition it’s incredibly valuable. Any agency getting started with AI should check out the GovAI coalition there are over 1,000 practitioners, 350 state, local and federal agencies working on how to use AI effectively and responsibly.”
He said the city of San Jose’s policies have come from there and that’s where he heard about the road detection software.
“We learn from each other and pool resources. It makes adopting AI easier and more responsible and (offers) more (varied learning) than we could learn by doing it on our own, because there are so many different perspectives in the room.”
Membership in GovAI Coalition is free, and interested agencies can just fill out the GovAI membership form. There’s also going to be a GovAI Coalition summit held in San Jose on Dec. 4-5 in partnership with The Center for Public Sector AI and Government Technology.
The city follows eight guiding principles in its approach to AI.
1.) Effectiveness Ensure that systems are reliable, meet their objectives and deliver precise and dependable outcomes for the utility and contexts in which they are deployed.
2.) Transparency The purpose and use of systems is proactively communicated and disclosed to the public.
3.) Equity The systems deliberately support equitable outcomes for everyone; effectively managing any bias in systems.
4.) Accountability Roles and responsibilities govern the deployment and maintenance of systems and human oversight ensures adherence to relevant laws and regulations.
5.) Human Centered Design Systems are developed and deployed with a human-centered approach that evaluates AI-powered services for their impact on the public.
6.) Privacy Privacy is preserved in all AI systems by safeguarding personally identifiable information and sensitive data from
Murray City, Utah, has used AI to transcribe meeting minutes, which has saved time. However, the AI transcription is not always accurate and requires human proofing. Pictured is Murray City’s council chamber. (Photo provided by Murray City, Utah)
Albert Gehami, city of San Jose privacy officer, drives the city’s road safety condition pilot test vehicle. (Photo provided by San Jose, Calif.)
unauthorized access and manipulation, according to the city council’s Digital Privacy Policy.
7.) Security and Safety Systems maintain confidentiality, integrity and availability through safeguards in accordance with the city’s Information and Systems Security Policy.
8.) Workforce Empowerment Staff are empowered to use AI in their roles through education, training and collaborations that promote participation and opportunity.
When a city department wishes to procure an AI tool, it follows a review process to assess the benefits and risks of the AI system.
Holyoke police move records to the cloud
By JANET G. PATTERSON | The Municipal
The use of technology in law enforcement is not just a recent innovation. But the scope and power of its uses have made leaps and bounds since the police radio was introduced in 1933 and radar detectors began catching speeding cars and drivers in the decade that followed.
Today, police departments use surveillance cameras, gunshot detection systems, automated license plate readers, facial recognition software, body cameras, drones and in-car laptop computers to prevent, respond to and investigate crimes. Law enforcement agencies now use cloud computing to help store and manage large amounts of data, such as fingerprints, photographs, video footage and police reports. New technology enables law enforcement professionals to
effectively collect data and perform useful crime analysis.
The Holyoke, Mass., police department is taking a new step in the use of technology with a record-keeping system that is predicted to save time and allow officers to do their jobs more effectively.
Exchanging its 30-year-old record-keeping system for a cloud-based one means the days of searching for records in heavy paper binders and digging in revolving file cabinets will be over. The new system will give officers,
ABOVE: The skyline of Holyoke, Mass., is seen from Chicopee. The city has made a major investment in a cloud-based records system for its police department. (Simtropolitan via Wikimedia Commons; https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ deed.en)
records personnel and telecommunications staff state-of-the-art tools for serving not only their own community, but the surrounding area, according to Officer Walber Borrego.
While the Holyoke Police Department has been computerized for several years, the original system needed updating. The new system is cloud-based with servers that are located off-site, so if there is a failure in Holyoke, data will still be saved, he said.
The new technology will pinpoint call and response locations and give summaries
of trends with a National Incident-Based Reporting System. Officers in the field will be able to instantly pull up visuals, graphs and reports from their computers as opposed to sorting through paper records. Information that has been buried in incident reports will be quickly available using color-codes and easy-to-digest formats. All of this will be available to officers without having to return to the station to get the information.
The technology will also help the department provide timely information to the media, the Holyoke City Council and public safety committee. In addition, the Holyoke Police Department will be able to share information in real time with other law enforcement agencies, such as the Hampden County Sheriff’s Office and the West Springfield Police Department, which are also implementing the cloud-based technology.
“We’re in the process now of migrating records to the new system,” he said. That migration takes time and patience with the volume of data and handwritten documents that have to be placed into the new system. And it’s just not about inputting the information, but making certain “it lands in the correct spot in the system,” Borrego added.
The new system will use computer-aided emergency dispatch software that gives police the ability to run data analytics in real time, a far cry from the single telephone with a three-digit number that was introduced to the Holyoke police station 100 years ago. That and the 65 call boxes around the city were what kept beat officers in contact with the station.
Not only have Borrego and his partner, Officer Stephen Norton, been working on the migration of data for several months, but there has also been training to make sure that when the Mark 43 system goes live later this fall, the 110-member force will be ready to use it.
He said the system’s developers have provided on-site training, and they’ve created training modules for dispatchers, officers and office staff to practice using the system.
“It’s a lot to learn, especially when you’ve been using the same system for 20 years,” Borrego said. “Some of the officers have been here 30 years and have gone from pen and paper to typewriters and then computers.”
The new system is a major financial commitment for the city of 38,000 that lies north of Springfield between the Connecticut River
ABOVE and BELOW: The Holyoke Police Department’s new cloud-based records system will enable officers to access data and file reports directly from mobile computers in their vehicles. This system broadens the scope of information they can transmit and receive, surpassing the capabilities of the former local system. (Photos provided by Holyoke, Mass., Police Department)
and the Mount Tom Range. “We’re very careful how we spend our money,” Borrego added.
Borrego said the department has been using technology for a number of years, including in-cruiser mobile computers and camera systems that Holyoke is in the process of upgrading. The department also uses shot spotter sensors that send a call when sounds that could be gunfire go off.
He said that there are times when shots are fired, and no one calls to make a report. The sensors help law enforcement by identifying where the possible gunshots were fired. “We can then respond more quickly and investigate to determine if there really was gunfire.”
But the $130,000 a year investment in keeping the new record system, he believes, is important to both the city and the region. “This system will link us to other departments and agencies that we work with.”
Communities turn to new technologies to enhance capabilities and improve outcomes
By JULIE YOUNG | The Municipal
It may require a hefty investment, a lot of research, and a leap of faith, but integrating new technologies allow municipalities to enhance their capabilities, improve safety and streamline operations for their employees as well as the residents that they serve. Whether adopting smart city tech, digitization, artificial intelligence and robotics, municipalities and states are turning to the latest gear to get the job done.
An invaluable tool
As one of the Chesapeake region’s most popular spots for water recreation, Ocean City, Md., sees more than its fair share of water rescues. In August, the Ocean City Fire Department introduced its new advanced underwater scanner that uses the latest sonar technology and artificial intelligence to identify human bodies that may be lost below the surface. Created by Vodasafe, the AQUAEYE will assist the Ocean City Fire Department with water rescues in large areas within a short period of time. It is also suitable for missions to rescue and recover victims from smaller water areas, such as canals, which typically have poor visibility.
Ryan Whittington, community/department engagement officer for the Ocean City Fire Department, said the team was initially introduced to the device at the FDIC Conference in Indianapolis, Ind., and was so impressed that they requested additional information and a demonstration. Afterwards, a proposal was presented to the department’s command staff, and a recommendation was made to proceed with the purchase of not only the device but a two-day training course. The proposal was then adopted by the town of Ocean City and the funding was approved.
Whittington said an underwater sonar device can be an invaluable tool for a fire department in an aquatic rescue operation. It enhances search and rescue capabilities, improves safety for personnel, results in faster response times and provides versatility in various conditions. While the initial investment may be significant, the long-term benefits, including reduced time and
The fire department has been training with the AQUAEYE sonar device and, so far, has not had to use it for search and rescue. (Photo provided by Ocean City Fire Department)
Caltrans District 6, which includes Fresno, Calif., has started using robot mowers to get into tight places for grass and weed abatement, which is especially important during the summer when dried grass becomes fuel for potential wildfires. (Photo provided by Caltrans District 6)
Alex Aguilera, public information officer for Caltrans District 6 said that the cost of the mower ranges from $45,000 to $80,000, depending on the size of the device, but the price is worth it when you consider the improved efficiency and safety. While the maintenance team has had an overall positive experience with the technology, it’s not without its challenges.
resources spent on manual searches, can make it cost effective. Efficient and successful rescues can also reduce the need for additional personnel and resources during operations.
“While this device has only been in service for about a month, it has only been in use for training scenarios at this time,” he said. “We are thrilled with the performance and its potential. This advanced piece of technology has already made a significant impact on our operations and training sessions, and we are excited about its future applications.”
Cutting out the complications
With thousands of acres of land to maintain along California’s highways, the Caltrans landscaping crews are always looking for ways to enhance efficiency and minimize roadside dangers. Last year, Caltrans District 6, which includes Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera and Tulare counties, has turned to game-changing robot mowers to access those hard-to-reach areas.
The remote-control mowers are used at locations with steep slopes that typically require multiple staff to be on foot to perform weed abatement and tight areas where deck mowers cannot maneuver. With the RC mower, a single operator can now mow inaccessible places without the need of multiple staff using string trimmers or the deck mower being pulled by a tractor.
Although the RC mowers help reduce the number of staff members needed to work in the area, staff are needed to help minimize the possibility of equipment striking an object that could cause a spark or fire on the state right of way. To help diminish the chances of this occurring, staff members visually scan the area to help identify potential hazards prior to working in the area. This method is functional, but fallible, and because of this, staff members, who are trained on proper usage, ensure that fire suppression equipment is present at all mowing operations.
Implementing the RC mowers has caused District 6 to look into other technologies to help them get their work done such as drones for graffiti abatement in hard-to-reach places.
“Graffiti is found under bridges and along steep concrete sloped embankments, and with the ability to utilize the drones to apply paint from aerial positions, we seek to improve the safety of our staff and incorporate efficiency,” Aguilera said.
Navigating technology
Whittington said that the Ocean City Fire Department continues to assess its needs to prioritize the kinds of technologies that may help its firefighters with their work. As technology evolves rapidly, it is committed to stay informed about emerging trends and is ready to adapt to those new advancements that can further enhance the department’s capabilities.
“We would advise other departments to explore and invest in next generation technologies (because they) can significantly improve their operational effectiveness, enhance safety and better serve their communities,” he said.
The Ocean City Fire Department believes that its use of the underwater sonar device underscores their commitment to leveraging cutting-edge technology to improve operations and service.
(Photo provided by Ocean City Fire Department)
Brine Production Systems
Lightning suppression devices prevent strikes on critical city buildings
By NICHOLETTE CARLSON | The Municipal
Lightning strikes constitute a serious risk in Florida because of its unique geography. The state has even been named the lightning capital of the U.S., according to the National Weather Service. Specifically, the area between Titusville and Tampa Bay tends to record some of the highest number of lightning strikes each year, typically between May and October. A lightning strike contains approximately 300 million volts and 30,000 amps, which poses a dangerous threat to both a city’s residents and infrastructure.
This has been a particular problem for the city of Cape Canaveral, Fla., when the water reclamation facility was struck by lightning in 2021, resulting in a loss of pumps, monitoring devices, the supervisory control and data acquisition operating system and telecommunications. This resulted in city employees having to work around the clock for several days to ensure necessary facility processes and service were not interrupted. After the replacement of damaged equipment, the insurance claim was $76,316. A
ABOVE: The city of Cape Canaveral, Fla., has installed five lightning suppression devices, with a sixth on the way, in order to protect all critical city buildings and areas. (Photo provided by the city of Cape Canaveral, Fla.)
lightning strike in March 2022, which hit city hall, led to an insurance claim of over $7,000 while also damaging the personal vehicles of several staff members in the parking lot.
Such instances led the city to subsequent solutions, including a lightning suppression system. However, the city’s lightning suppression technology was not discovered on purpose.
“I actually stumbled across this technology by accident,” Zachary Eichholz, Cape
Canaveral chief resilience manager, explained. “I was playing tennis at the United States Tennis Association’s National Campus in Lake Nona, Fla., when I saw a device atop one of their buildings. This was shortly after the incident at our water reclamation facility. I soon realized that the campus had numerous such devices dotted around. I surmised that these devices, which looked like small metal spheres, had something to do with lightning protection. I called the facilities manager of the National Campus to inquire, and sure enough, he confirmed what they were and also confirmed they had seen tremendous success with them since installation. From here, I made contact with the installation company and also received several references, who also confirmed the success of the lightning suppression system.”
A lightning suppression system was implemented using newer CMCE devices. Two were installed in January 2022 on the water reclamation facility, one on the facility’s main radio tower above the public works administrative building and one on the carbon feed tank enclosure, to prevent another incident like the year before. This project was a total cost of $27,100.
In March 2023, two additional CMCE devices were placed on city hall and the north end of the Nancy Hanson Recreation Complex, offering protection to the municipal complex area, which also includes the Brevard County Sheriff’s Office Cape Canaveral precinct building, the public library, the CAPE Center and other parks. This project cost the city $29,300. In November 2023, a CMCE device was placed atop the southeast corner of the Cape Canaveral Community Center. This project cost $12,500. A sixth device is proposed for the top of the Cape Canaveral Fire Rescue Station for the 2024-25 fiscal year. The project cost is $12,500. Once this fire rescue station project is complete, all critical city buildings will be protected by these lightning suppression systems.
These CMCE devices balance the ambient electrical field by draining current from the field in order to eliminate the risk of a direct lightning strike within the protected areas. Devices require annual checks to ensure its grounding wire is efficient and not corroded. These particular devices or similar are used throughout the U.S., including condominiums, water treatment plants, oil and gas platforms and even on cruise ships in Port Canaveral.
Even with the new system in place, there are no real operational changes in place. “If lightning is seen and/or thunder is heard within the area, it is official policy for city staff members to go indoors in a sturdy building and seek shelter until at least 30 minutes after the last clap of thunder is heard,” Eichholz stressed. “The public is also highly advised to seek shelter immediately if thunderstorm conditions are present. These devices are not intended to be a substitute or an end-all for safety. They serve as another layer of resilient redundancy alongside existing traditional grounding systems and community education about the dangers of lightning. Despite having these systems, the city will cancel outdoor events for safety reasons, even if the event is being held within the protective sphere of any given device.”
Eichholz added, “Since installation, we have seen great success with these devices, having recorded no direct lightning strikes or damage within their protective spheres of influence. It is reasonable to assume that these have prevented on-property damage or worse, given that lightning-related damages were nearly an annual occurrence while now, thankfully, they are not.”
With these new lightning suppression systems in place, operational procedures have not changed. City officials are to remain indoors in a sturdy building during a thunderstorm, and the public is advised to take cover as well. (Photo provided by the city of Cape Canaveral, Fla.)
After a 2021 lightning strike hit the water reclamation facility leading to critical systems being offline, the city realized its need for extra protection. A lightning suppression system was discovered accidentally while the chief resilience manager was playing tennis and saw systems within another city. (Photo provided by the city of Cape Canaveral, Fla.)
San Antonio residents shape city’s technology adoptions
By LAUREN CAGGIANO | The Municipal
The city of San Antonio, Texas’, Smart Cities program is taking a unique approach to resident engagement with its Smart City Sandbox initiative. The idea prioritizes community input and collaboration in developing and testing new technologies for use in public services.
“(The Smart Cities initiative) centers our residents in the process of building use cases for technology,” said Emily Royall, emerging technology division head. “Rather than going out and buying exciting, shiny technology, as an alternative, we really try to engage our residents and our city employees to understand what the needs truly are.
Then we build our technology ecosystem to support those needs.”
Royall, whose career spans academic, nonprofit and government agency work, emphasizes the importance of residentdriven decision-making. It all started in 2022, following a yearlong stakeholder engagement process to develop a Smart
ABOVE: San Antonio has engaged its residents in its exploration of different technologies, allowing them to shape what gets adopted. (Khairil Azhar Junos/Shutterstock.com)
Cities roadmap and plan for the city of San Antonio.
“The goal of the process was to understand the top needs of our residents when it came to how they wanted to see local government using technology (while identifying) the main issues, their biggest pain points in their day-to-day life in San Antonio,” said Royall. “That led us to identify a handful of challenge areas that are resident driven, which is really how we source the
The city of San Antonio’s Emerging Technology Division Head Emily Royall has several years of public sector experience in digital transformation governance and implementation. (Photo provided by San Antonio, Texas)
subject matter for our technology projects and engagement. Those (areas of focus) are access to public information, transportation, environmental quality, public safety and safe infrastructure. And so those are kind of those key areas where we work to deliver technology solutions to benefit the public.”
Royall’s team employed several engagement strategies, including town hall meetings, partnerships with community events, virtual surveys and social media interaction. These efforts resulted in more than 1,900 resident interactions across five SA Sandbox events. According to Royall, the program prioritizes underserved communities by holding events in public parks within those areas. It’s a matter of breaking down barriers to access to technology and other opportunities.
The SA Sandbox serves as a platform for residents to test and provide feedback on prototype technologies before deployment. One example is a resident-tested AI-powered chatbot that provides information on construction projects and road closures. This feedback ensures the technology aligns with resident needs and preferences while
The Smart Cities Roadmap represents nearly a year’s worth of stakeholder engagement to inform a community-driven vision for San Antonio’s future as a leader in digital innovation. (Photo provided by San Antonio, Texas)
also being mindful of their concerns about privacy. There’s also an educational element.
“We really work to engage residents on the topic of technology,” she said. “We help them build digital skills. We provide them with access to programming and STEM education that’s available in the community by partnering with about 25 local community-based (organizations) that are providing different tech-based services to the residents of San Antonio. So that can range from a coding boot camp all the way to sign-ups for the affordable broadband internet at home.”
The program has grown “organically” over the years since hosting the first event in February 2020. According to Royall, the annual events usually attract about 500 adults and children. In Royall’s estimation, the success of the SA Sandbox highlights the value of community engagement. Resident input helps save time and resources by identifying potential issues early in the development process.
Speaking of development, Royall said the Smart Cities program and SA Sandbox by proxy is undergoing a transformation. It has been “ingested” by the city’s IT department, aiming to “institutionalize” resident
engagement within the broader technology development process. Per Royall, this shift signifies the growing importance of resident-centered approaches in San Antonio’s technological advancements.
These high-minded goals require bringing stakeholders within city government together and breaking down silos within city departments to deliver on these results.
Royall acknowledges that government is often associated with layers of bureaucracy, but the Smart Cities program has produced tangible results in a relatively short time.
Looking to what’s next, Royall said the Smart Cities roadmap serves as a guide for the next five years. At the same time, it’s important to her that her office continues delivering on its resident-driven goals and fostering trust between the city and its residents.
“You don’t have to come to city hall to (express your concerns about technology use in local government),” she said. “We’re coming to you, and we’re inviting you to be part of something. It makes technology more collaborative and more accessible to our residents in a way that I don’t think that many residents in the country (experience).”
Not such a secret anymore: Papillion, Neb.
The Papillion butterfly symbol is larger than life in the Butterfly Garden, part of Papillion’s Veteran’s Park. (Photos provided by city of Papillion, Neb.)
Among the more than 30 miles of trails in the parks in and around Papillion is this horse trail, within sight of city homes and businesses.
By JANET G. PATTERSON | The Municipal
On the southern edge of the Omaha metropolitan area and just a stone’s throw from the Iowa state line sits Papillion, Neb., named one of Money Magazine’s Best Places to live several times in the last 10 years.
What makes Papillion so great? Perhaps it’s the solid, Midwestern feel of the city of 26,000.
“We have the conveniences associated with living near Omaha, and the comfort and safety of a small town,” noted Trenton Albers, Papillion’s communications director. In fact, the city’s logo is, “feels like home.”
It seems Papillion is a place to put down roots. Nearly 75% of the residents of Papillion own their homes, according to ratings and rankings site Niche.com. The high quality of life, small-town atmosphere and thriving local economy are major attractions.
According to the website Explore Nebraska, Papillion is “a tapestry of historical events, pioneering spirits, and a unique American identity.”
The earliest residents of the area that is now part of Sarpy County were native Americans of the Omaha, Otoe and Pawnee tribes.
When French fur traders ventured into the area in the early 1700s, they were apparently enchanted with the butterflies spotted around local creeks. They called the area “Papillon,” French
for “butterfly.” Today, Papillion Creek flows through the center of the city.
Albers said that later, English and German settlers misspelled the French word, and the area became known as Papillion.
While the spelling may be different, the butterfly stuck. The city has adopted the orange and black Monarch butterfly as its symbol. Butterflies grace the local water tower, a butterfly garden and sculpture enhance a local park, and 24 park benches around the city have become collectively known as the butterfly bench tour. Even the high school athletic teams have adopted the butterfly and are called the Monarchs.
In the 1860s, Papillion saw a surge in settlement as the Union Pacific Railroad pumped life into its economy. The city was incorporated in 1870.
Albers was quick to list the many features of Papillion that give it the quaint feel that has become its hallmark.
“One of the coolest recent developments is a Vietnam veterans memorial,” he said. A group of local veterans noted that Nebraska was the only state in the U.S. that did not have a Vietnam memorial,
so a collaboration between the city of Papillion and the Nebraska Vietnam Veterans Memorial was born.
“Veterans from around the country who have visited here have said it’s one of the best in the country,” Albers noted.
The memorial is in one of the city’s more than 20 parks that have more than 30 miles of paved, dirt and motor bike trails. Papillion also boasts four recreation lake areas created as reservoirs by the Papio-Missouri River Natural Resources District and managed as city parks by Papillion.
Recreation ranks high on the list of favorite things to do in Papillion, Albers continued. The Papillion Landing Community Recreation Center and Field House is a state-of-the-art facility that boasts a natatorium, indoor playground, multi-court gymnasium, elevated track, fitness center and group fitness and dance rooms. That’s in addition to the facility’s community center that consists of event space, a catering kitchen, a youth center, a dedicated club for residents 55 years and older, an arts and crafts studio, classrooms, and a lounge space.
Papillion Landing also has a fieldhouse with soccer fields, batting cages, live pitching tunnels, a meeting room and a spectator mezzanine, as well as a 25-acre outdoor complex with soccer, baseball and softball fields.
Pickleball courts and a disc golf course are recent additions to three of the city’s parks and are free to the public.
The Papio Bay Aquatic Center, SumTur Amphitheater, Eagle Hills and Tara Hills golf courses, and Werner Park, home of the Triple-A baseball Omaha Storm Chasers and the USL Union Omaha soccer team, are among favorite Papillion attractions.
In a recent newsletter to Papillion residents, Mayor David P. Black also noted that the Papillion Arts Foundation and the city are working together to “boost arts and cultural activities in the community” by creating a Creative District designed to attract artists, events and visitors.
Albers pointed out that Papillion prides itself on its city operations units. Its 50-member police department is Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies accredited, an elite designation for law enforcement agencies. It has a public works department that takes pride in eight-hour snow removal after a major snow event. The full-time professional fire department recently made the transition from volunteer to paid and represents a collaboration with nearby LaVista and the rural fire district.
Papillion’s economy is thriving, he added. Both Facebook and Google have opened service centers, and an Amazon distribution center is among the leading employers. Nearby Offutt Air Force base has a strong community of both active duty and retired members who have chosen to make Papillion their home.
With a 35% population increase in the last 20 years, Albers said Papillion has done well keeping up with the growth. “We’re a relatively affordable city with the lowest property tax base in the Omaha metropolitan area.”
After making a number of “top best” lists from national magazines and organizations, Albers said the old saying that Papillion was the best kept secret around no longer holds. “I guess we’re the best-kept secret that’s not a secret anymore.”
Papillion Days have been celebrated in June for 77 years. The fourday event includes food, entertainment and, of course, a parade through the city’s downtown.
Papillion, Neb., was incorporated in 1870 and has grown incrementally with nearby Omaha, the state’s largest city.
The Saturday after Thanksgiving is the annual kick-off for Papillion’s Winter Wonderland celebration, produced by the Papillion Community Foundation.
Stewart-Amos Sweeper Co.
Community Tool Shed is low-cost solution to code compliance violations
By NICHOLETTE CARLSON | The Municipal
As an innovative way to help residents ensure they stay in the good graces of code enforcement, in 2023 the city of Cayce, S.C., began a Community Tool Shed program. The program allowed residents to borrow tools from the city to stay in compliance with city ordinances.
The goals of the program were to promote community engagement; empower residents, organizations and businesses to keep neighborhoods maintained; serve as a powerful resource to address city code issues and violations in a simple and timely fashion; and reduce the cost of code enforcement for violations of overgrown property or minor exterior structural damage.
“Our Cayce code compliance team found an innovative way to help our Cayce residents follow our zoning ordinances in the city,” Ashley Hunter, public information officer, affirmed. “A common reason given by residents that were not in compliance was that they did not own the proper tools to maintain their lawn. Our code compliance staff got to work on making this solution happen for our residents.”
The city began planning for the Community Tool Shed program right around the time COVID-19 hit, which meant a large increase
in cost for the purchase of necessary tools and a trailer. Local businesses stepped in to provide the additional funding and make the tool shed project a reality. Cayce Beautification Foundation sponsored the cost of the tool shed and Lowe’s of West Columbia, Martin Marietta, The Graphics Source and the Carter Insurance Group sponsored the tools.
A year into the program, Cayce Community Tool Shed remains a critical part of the city’s community pride. It provides batteryoperated lawn mowers, blowers, weed eaters, rakes, shovels, pruning tools, a tree saw, wheelbarrow, hedge trimmers, electric hedge trimmers and fertilizer spreaders to residents to help maintain their yards and keep up with city ordinances.
The tools are available to Cayce residents with proof of residency, as well as local nonprofit and community groups. The tools cannot be used for commercial use. Up to three tools can
be checked out at one time, including two hand tools and one power tool. There is no charge to borrow the tools and they are lent for up to three days.
In order to reserve a tool, a resident or organization must simply call and request it by phone and then fill out an online liability waiver. The tools are picked up at and returned to city hall.
The rentals are managed by the public works administrator. Pickups and returns must be completed during normal city hall business hours. All tools that are borrowed from the Community Tool Shed must be cleaned and then returned to the city hall within three days.
If tools are not returned or a tool is returned damaged above normal wear and tear, then the city issues a fine. The fine is usually between $10 and $50, depending on the tool and the amount of the damage. Power tools carry a larger fine than hand tools.
If an item is returned late, the borrower is charged a late fee of $5 per day. Fees are assessed on the borrower’s next city utility bill.
Returning damaged or uncleaned tools may also result in the borrower being unable to use the Community Tool Shed again in the future.
“The community has really appreciated not just being handed a citation by our code compliance officers,” Hunter explained. “Instead, they receive a possible solution to the problem at no cost to them. As a local government, we try to go out of our way to serve the people of our community.” On each citation issued, information for the Community Tool Shed is made available.
For other cities that may consider a similar program, Hunter recommended partnering with local businesses and organizations. “We could not have made our Community Tool Shed idea come to life had it not been for our local businesses and partners,” Hunter stated.
“We also recommend making the process simple for residents and adding the information about the rental on the citations issued by your code compliance team.”
As a way to help keep residents within code compliance standards, the city of Cayce, S.C., began a Community Tool Shed program, which allows residents to borrow tools at no cost. Pictured, from left, are Jarrett Epperson, Cayce code compliance manager; Susan Law, public works administrator; and Ken Walters, code compliance officer and residential building inspector. (Photo provided by city of Cayce, S.C.)
Electric lawn mowers, weed eaters, shovels, trimmers, rakes and wheelbarrows are just some of the tools available from the Community Tool Shed. A resident simply has to put in a request for the tool, fill out a liability waiver and return the tool cleaned within three days. Pickups and returns are processed at city hall during normal business hours. (Photo provided by city of Cayce, S.C.)
Wilmington, N.C., makes heavy investments in its future
By DANIELLE LUND | The Municipal
ABOVE: A cyclist enjoys of one of Wilmington, N.C.’s, bike trails. Citizens have consistently rated traffic and the need for a more robust citywide trail network as priorities for the city. (Photo provided by Wilmington, N.C.)
growing community has safe and efficient options for getting around.”
Several key transportation projects have been completed or are underway. They include the filling of sidewalk gaps along Oleander Drive and Wrightsville Avenue, ensuring safer walking routes for pedestrians. Additionally, the city has finished a multiuse path along Park Avenue, part of the regional “River-to-Sea” bike route, making it easier for cyclists to traverse Wilmington.
The city of Wilmington, N.C., is undertaking multiple ambitious projects to enhance transportation, address flooding and expand community resources. With a focus on improving traffic flow, pedestrian safety and recreational spaces, these developments aim to elevate the quality of life for residents and visitors alike. Transportation projects Wilmington is deeply committed to addressing traffic concerns and promoting alternative transportation. Citizens have voiced their desire for better traffic management and a more community-focused trail network, and the city has responded. According to Dylan Lee, a corporate affairs representative for the city, “Citizens have consistently rated traffic and the need for a more robust citywide trail network as priorities for our community. So, transportation projects are a priority to ensure that Wilmington’s
Exciting projects for 2025 include the installation of seven signalized pedestrian crosswalks, accessibility improvements
and new sidewalks along Dawson and Wooster Streets. These enhancements will make heavily traveled corridors safer and more accessible. Also slated for 2025 is the construction of a pedestrian hawk signal for crossing Market Street at 21st Street and improvements to intersections at Pine Grove Drive, Oleander Drive and MacMillan Avenue.
A new multiuse path along Hooker Road and sidewalks and bike lanes on Greenville Avenue and Hinton Avenue are also in the works. These projects will further contribute to a citywide network of sidewalks and trails. As Lee explained, “Linear projects, like multiuse paths, require meticulous planning to address drainage,
utility conflicts and easement acquisitions from individual property owners.”
In a major initiative led by the North Carolina Department of Transportation, Wilmington is also a stakeholder in the upcoming replacement of the Cape Fear Memorial Bridge. This project, backed by a $242 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation, will help to revitalize the crucial gateway to the city.
Drainage projects
Flooding has been a longstanding issue in Wilmington, particularly due to stormwater runoff from upstream development. To address this, the Clear Run Branch Drainage Improvement Project is the city’s largest stormwater capital improvement initiative to date. The $11 million project is aimed at reducing flooding, improving water quality and enhancing natural habitats and is currently in Phase I. Phase II is slated to begin in 2025.
Lee noted the importance of this endeavor, stating, “This project is part of a broader effort to invest in stormwater solutions, with over $80 million spent in the past 20 years to alleviate localized flooding in our neighborhoods.”
Parks projects
Wilmington is not only focusing on transportation and flood mitigation but also expanding recreational spaces for its residents. The nCino Sports Park, already a regional hub for soccer and lacrosse, is undergoing a major expansion that set to be completed next month. It will include the addition of 11 full-sized fields, a synthetic turf field, night lighting and a 2,000-square-foot restroom facility.
With the expansion, the park will be able to host even more sporting events, providing a boost to local sports tourism.
The MLK Community Center is also getting a significant upgrade. Scheduled for completion in 2025, the expansion will feature a new gymnasium with a high school regulation-sized basketball court, two motorized goals, four retractable goals, two scoreboards, a motorized divider curtain, volleyball, pickle-ball, wrestling, safety padding for walls and backstops, adequate storage for all intended programming needs, additional restrooms and office space. Additionally, a full commercial kitchen will offer programming opportunities, job training and space for aspiring food service entrepreneurs.
The Market Street Tree Project has reached completion this year as well. Several diseased trees were removed from along Market Street once the trees were identified as being unacceptable due to heart rot. The project was completed earlier this year, and the city has replaced all the diseased trees with healthy living species like wild oaks. Citizens can see this project’s outcome by walking along the Market Street path.
Looking ahead
With these transformative projects, Wilmington is on a path to becoming a safer, more connected, more vibrant city. Whether it’s easing traffic congestion, addressing stormwater concerns or providing world-class recreational spaces, the initiatives reflect the city’s commitment to meeting the needs of its growing population. Lee emphasized, “Wilmington is investing in its future — building infrastructure that will serve our community for years to come.” M
Wilmington’s Clear Run Branch Drainage Improvement project is its largest stormwater capital improvement initiative, and it will reduce flooding while improving water quality. (Photo provided by Wilmington, N.C.)
nCino Sports Park is receiving 11 full-sized fields and other improvements. (Photo provided by Wilmington, N.C.)
Providing world-class recreational space has been a priority for Wilmington. (Photo provided by Wilmington, N.C.)
Logan, Utah, repurposes landfill into public recreation space
By JULIE YOUNG | The Municipal
With a plan to convert a local landfill into public green space, Logan, Utah, is turning its trash into a community treasure.
The city’s environmental department along with a $750,000 grant from Utah’s Division of Outdoor Recreation and an additional $450 from the county’s Restaurant, Arts, Parks and Zoos tax are funding the project. It is hoped that when completed, the Logan Outdoor Recreation Complex will attract visitors from all over the region and be a great amenity for local residents as well.
Five-phase plan
The concept of the Logan Outdoor Recreation Complex was first contemplated in 2005. At that time, the Logan City Landfill closure plan was created with the intention of repurposing the site along with some adjacent property once the landfill reached its maximum capacity.
In 2010, the city produced an Integrated Municipal Waste Management Campus Plan in preparation for the landfill’s closure.
ABOVE: Construction has begun on Logan, Utah’s, new outdoor recreation complex, which will be located on the former site of the city landfill. This aerial view shows where the future amenities will be located on the property. (Photos provided by Logan, Utah.)
According to Russ Akina, Logan’s director of parks and recreation, the new outdoor recreation complex is comprised of 194 acres 85 of which come from the landfill site itself, while the remaining 109 come from a neighboring buffer property. The project is organized into five separate phases due to cost, with the first estimated to be completed in November.
That phase involves the rebuilding of 200 South Street from 1200 West to 1900 West. The road project will make it possible for the public to access the recreation complex and includes public trails through the buffer property to the south.
“A 61.25-acre disc golf course is also being prepared while the public trails are being developed,” Akina noted.
The second phase, slated to begin in 2025, includes the construction of a 2.55-acre park southeast of the landfill that will serve the Woodruff neighborhood, one of the fastestgrowing residential areas in the city. The park will have two playgrounds, a shade pavilion and a restroom facility, as well as a small turf play area. It will be followed by the construction of an 11-acre dog park at 1900 West, southwest of the landfill site.
The fourth phase, scheduled for 2026-27, will see the construction of bike trails on the actual landfill. Bike trails were chosen for the space because they will not require crews to penetrate the landfill cap, thus keeping the area safe for everyone.
The remainder of the project involves repurposing the city’s current green waste facility, converting it into a 34.2-acre outdoor adventure playground and fitness course.
“The Utah Department of Environmental Quality set the regulations for the city’s landfill closure process,” Akina said. “The bike trails project will occur only after the Environmental Department authorizes the recreation complex project to proceed.”
An attractive amenity
Converting landfills into public parks is more common than most people might think. According to the 2006 paper “From Dumps to Destination: The Conversion of Landfills to Parks” by Peter Harnik, Michael Taylor and Ben Welle, converting a landfill into a public park transforms a toxic liability into an attractive amenity. It’s also a sustainable way to recycle urban assets.
“In the heart of a dense metro area, a former dump mat today may be one of only a few large, open locations remaining on which to build a new public park,” the authors wrote. “And its conversion may present an opportunity to correct longstanding local patterns of environmental injustice. Moreover, there is a good chance the landfill which may be as small as dozens of acres or as large as 1,000 or more will be inexpensive to buy, or free,
Logan has planned what it hopes will be both a local park for residents in nearby neighborhoods as well as a recreation destination for those looking to enjoy a variety of outdoor amenities, including disc golf, bike trails, an adventure park and more.
The new outdoor recreation complex in Logan has been in the works since 2005 when the city began to make plans for the landfill once it reached its capacity.
or possibly come with some supporting funds for maintenance.”
Akina said that the Environmental Department has a closure and post-closure care fund for Logan Landfill with an estimated value of $5,793,262. Approximately $2,486,020 of that has been spent on closure of the north and west sides of the landfill. The remaining funds will be used to complete the overall closure and on post-closure care of the landfill space.
“Additionally, the department has set aside a total of $2,441,000 for improving public usability for park use of the land adjacent to
the landfill and for the road improvements for the 200 South roadway,” he said.
Although the entire recreation complex will take six to 10 years to complete, with so much growth on the southwest side of Cache County, residents are eager to see the area transformed into something sustainable that will enhance their quality of life.
“There is excitement and great anticipation from dog owners to mountain bike enthusiasts, disc golf players and residents in the nearby area. They are excited to have a park within walking distance,” Akina said.
“Peace has victories, but it takes brave men and women to win them.”
— Ralph Waldo Emerson
Thank youfrom the staff at
Connecticut airport completes $2.5 million taxiway rehabilitation despite setbacks
By JENNIFER BARTON | The Municipal
“We are a small airport, but we’re very busy,” said Michael Safranek, administrator of the Danbury Municipal Airport. “It’s a challenging airport, it’s fun, and a lot of good flight training comes out of here. It’s probably about 65-70% of our operations.”
Located in the southwest corner of Connecticut, Danbury’s airport is considered a general aviation airport, meaning that it does not have scheduled commercial flights but rather caters to charter aviation as well as flight training. Located close to New York City, Danbury offers less expensive options for aircraft owners in the metropolitan area to store their planes as well.
Safranek estimated that the Danbury Municipal Airport is the fourth or fifth busiest general aviation airport in New
England, an impressive feat for a city of 86,000 people.
Busy airports require careful maintenance, however, particularly when it comes to novice pilots. While creating Danbury’s Master Aviation Plan, a task that administrators at the airport complete every 10 to 15 years, Safranek explained that a large component of what the team looked at was reconstructing a taxiway that had begun to buckle and break. Frost heaving had also taken a toll on the pavement.
ABOVE: Danbury Municipal Airport in Connecticut underwent improvements, including to its taxiway, which was in poor shape. (Photo provided by Danbury Municipal Airport)
“The pavement itself was in deplorable shape. We saw-cut it and patched it internally as best we could, but at a certain point, it needs to be professionally redone,” he said. To do that, the airport undertook a $2.5 million project, completed this August. Ninety percent of the funding came from the federal level while the city fronted $213,108, with the state contributing the remainder.
The process hasn’t been easy. It began two-and-a-half years ago with a design and environmental analysis phase, during which the city worked with an engineering
firm out of New Hampshire to redesign taxiway Charlie.
Standards change over the years, and the FAA’s newer requirements did not fit the older taxiway’s parameters, so they chose to do a rehabilitation rather than a complete reconstruction.
“The first phase we do is core samples; we make sure the subbase with core samples is secure enough to adhere to new pavement. If they’re not, then we have to rip up the underlay and put new trap rock and new subbase so that the pavement will adhere to it and it won’t be unstable through frost and things like that,” Safranek explained. The first phase came at a cost of $250,000.
After the scoping meeting, they hit a roadblock due to the subbase on either end of the 40-foot-wide taxiway. “So, we decided to decrease the width to 35 feet, that way the cracking at the edge was not as pronounced. The subbase is much stronger at the center: It’s more of a solidifying effect.”
Safranek surveyed the pilots who used the airport, and all agreed that the 5-foot decrease would make little difference. Twoand-a-half feet were taken from each side of the taxiway to keep the centerline the same.
Another setback came during the bidding stage, where the lowest bidder on the project gave Safranek an imbalanced bid with quantity bids out of line with market prices and he had to reject the bid at a cost of $240,000, “but the FAA agreed that if we gave them this bid, the project would have been a problem,” he said.
With the rejected bid and another construction company twice failing to create a proper job mix formula to pass the FAA’s rigid test phase, the project was put on hold until this past summer. Even then, it ran over deadline by about 33 days.
The final job mix asphalt came from Poughkeepsie, N.Y., and a company called Tilcon NY. A small section of the taxiway did not pass the FAA test phase but passed the less-rigorous production phase: While the FAA refused to pay for that section, Safranek and Hoyle Tanner have confidence in its performance and the engineering firm warrantied it.
“Sometimes these projects happen. Sometimes it goes really easy, sometimes it doesn’t.”
In terms of construction projects, Danbury’s $2.4 million taxiway is considered
New electrical was a significant portion of the Danbury project, costing about $650,000.
The airport surveyed pilots who used the airport prior to the project’s start. From that survey, it was decided to take 2 1/2 feet from each side of the taxiway to keep the centerline the same. (Photo provided by
Danbury Municipal Airport)
(Photo provided by Danbury Municipal Airport)
relatively small, and few companies have the desire to take on something wrapped in such strict regulations.
“What we were getting for that was 3,000 feet of pavement by 35-feet-wide, proper drainage, proper marking and new electrical. The electrical component of that was about $650,000, so that was a significant addition to the project.”
The electrical aspect included 107 new LED lights. The lights will save the airport money in the future, but at a purchase cost of $400 per light, they represented a starting increase of 400%. And instead of direct burial wiring, they chose the more expensive option of an underground conduit system, encased in concrete.
All this work will keep the taxiway in top shape for years to come. Safranek pointed out the life limit on infrastructure such as this and the importance of a solid subbase on surfaces that regularly handle heavy aircraft. The master plan addressed this need to ensure the safety of all who use the Danbury Municipal Airport.
Workers continue into the night to ensure the taxiway is properly marked. (Photo provided by Danbury Municipal Airport)
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Clear that ‘check engine’ with CAS-provided scan tools and support
By SARAH WRIGHT | The Municipal
Automotive systems continue to grow more complex. Passenger cars, light trucks, vans and buses — in addition to off-highway, agricultural and heavy-duty vehicles — are all computerized and controlled by multiple on-board ECUs. To properly diagnosis and get today’s vehicles to factory standards, shops must have the proper factory scanner. These scanners allow workers to see all modules, read codes, clear codes, perform bi-directional testing and reprogramming.
Getting the right tool can be a challenge. The internet offers many potential solutions, but it can be time-consuming to pore over search results and narrow them down to the best option. Even when finding a suitable scanner, there is no guarantee of support for the product. Alternatively, a fleet manager may approach the original equipment manufacturer, but might find a long wait to even talk to a human being. CAS, based out of New England, takes the wait out of the equation.
“We’ve been in business for over 25 years, and our real focus is on scan tools whether Ford, GM, Chrysler, Honda, Nissan or many other OEM tools,” John Jenkins, CAS president, said, noting that CAS offerings exceed the product itself. “We set it all up on-site or remotely.” This a something that OEMs rarely offer.
Additionally, CAS takes the challenge out of finding all the necessary scan tools. Some vehicles can be completely serviced with just one OEM tool, while other vehicles require multiple OEM software application for full vehicle coverage. Not only can CAS evaluate the
needs of your fleet, it can help with laptop configurations, software installation procedures, password tracking and subscription renewals.
“We’ve done between 7,000 to 8,000 installations,” Jenkins shared. “We are up to more than 20,000 subscriptions that we are tracking for our customers.”
Subscription tracking ensures OEM tools continue to run uninterrupted by meeting due dates. CAS will add up a customer’s subscriptions and clearly outline what is due. CAS will then write up a bill for these subscriptions, allowing customers to break up these subscriptions on a monthly basis with no interest involved.
“They can control the costs; they know the monthly cost,” Jenkins said, adding CAS has taken it a step further by offering a coverage of tools. “If anything breaks this year on your tools, you will not get a bill. We will pay the bill for you. You’ve covered it. In fact, you’ve insured your tools and you’ve definitely locked the price of maintaining multiple scan tools over the next year.”
Don’t stall your fleet operations
CAS provides a complete support model for its customers, which sets it apart from competitors. Today, all factory tools are PC laptop based. It’s one thing to have access to an IT department to repair hardware failures. It’s quite another to have access to the experience to reload, reauthorize and reset passwords for multiple OEM applications. Additionally, it is impossible for fleets to maintain duplicates of OEM tools, so when a tool “goes down” operations halt until scanning tools are repaired.
Warranty service on laptops can take weeks, and repairs to OEM interface devices can take even longer. CAS is a Dell and Panasonic VAR allowing the company to provide turnkey packaged preloaded, authorized and ready-to-use laptops. All laptops are brand new with full manufacturer warranty. Fleet superintendents don’t need to stress about their fleet operations stalling.
“Being able to just provide scan tools is really not what we think it’s about today,” Jenkins said. “You have to really be able to provide the support that goes after the sale. And that’s really where we focus a lot of our time on. What can we do for a shop owner or fleet manager to make their life easier, to make the shops techs be able to use the tools?”
These loaners are available at no additional charge, highlighting CAS’s desire to make fleet managers’ and shop owners’ lives easier.
A full team behind you
CAS provides far more than its laptop loaner program and subscription tracking. It offers an experienced technical support team to ensure OEM tools are operational. From the company’s “Live-onLine” remote access program to its full-time tech support team and its industry-changing TAS annual support, customers will lessen stress and ensure that operations continue without a lot of downtime. Help is only a call away with no long wait.
Jenkins noted, “We cover all the bases, helping every fleet gain the most benefit from their OEM scan tools. All CAS employees are technically proficient on the OEM tools we offer and provide initial training on all products upon delivery.”
In fact, CAS assigns each customer to a dedicated technical field representative who provides assistance when issues arrive. This is a major element that sets CAS apart. M
Learn more about CAS and its offerings at www.oemtools.com. For a free analysis and proposal of tools required to service your fleet, contact CAS at (877) 263-4897.
Cradle of America hosts historic Thanksgiving parade
By BETH ANNE BRINK-COX | The Municipal
Many people remember watching holiday parades on TV on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and New Year’s Day. Maybe they still do. Well, there’s a parade to end all parades that some people have not heard of before. It is streamed all over the world, and someone who sees it for the first time might wonder how they ever missed it.
Plymouth, Mass., is home to America’s Hometown Celebration. The parade takes place the weekend before Thanksgiving Day, because Olly DeMacedo and his team want everyone to be home with their families for Thanksgiving.
DeMacedo said he and his family emigrated from Cape Verde to America when he was just 7 years old. As is common with naturalized citizens, his patriotic feelings are off the charts.
“The real reason why I do this, and I am really passionate about it, is that I’m
ABOVE: Plymouth, Mass.’s, Thanksgiving parade would not be complete without the Mayflower. (Photo provided by America’s Hometown Thanksgiving Celebration)
so grateful and I want to always tell the story about America.” He mentioned Neil Diamond’s song, “America,” and said he sympathizes with how very much so many people wanted to be here.
The parade began in 1996. “I, personally, have been doing it for about 23 years. I think it was in 2000 when I started. The parade used to be a little different, and what I did was make it more about American history.”
How exactly did he do that? DeMacedo explained.
“I’ve always wanted to tell the story of the nation, and our parade is the only one anywhere that is chronologically correct. Our first float is American Indians, followed by the next one, which is the Mayflower, and we go from there.”
The parade always has a theme, but DeMacedo said that every year there is also a theme within a theme. Last year’s was “The Price of Freedom.” This year is “We Are the World.”
“I wanted to do something that was uplifting, and you know, the song says, ‘we are the children, we are the future.’ So, we have all kinds of children in all kinds of different attire from around the world. We’ll put in other things that have to do with children and the future.”
DeMacedo said he thinks that ingenuity is part of what makes the U.S. a great country. “So, I think we’ll never ever stop working in historical aspects of America when we plan our parades. Obviously, we have a lot of drum and bugle corps: It makes you proud just to hear them, you feel that emotion. We’ll always have that. We’ll always tell the stories. This year we might do something with Plymouth Rock. Not everyone knows that it came apart.”
Plymouth Rock has split and been moved multiple times, resulting in the loss of some of the original rock. When local citizens tried to move it to the town square in 1774, it split in half horizontally. The top half was moved as planned, and the bottom half remained at the wharf. In 1834, the top half was moved to the front of the Pilgrim Hall Museum, and a few years later a canopy was built to protect the
Perhaps one of Olly DeMacedo’s all time masterpieces, America’s Hometown Express is made from an old school bus and gathers food for the local food banks. (Photo provided by America’s Hometown Thanksgiving Celebration)
2024 marked the 80th anniversary of D-Day, and this year’s parade will honor that anniversary. (Photo provided by America’s Hometown Thanksgiving Celebration)
bottom half from further damage. In 1880, the two halves were reunited under that canopy, and “1620” was carved into the rock. Only about one-third of the original rock remains.
DeMacedo is proud of what parade organizers have been able to accomplish without a lot of resources.
Many historical anniversaries are incorporated into the parade, including the anniversary of the opening of The Pilgrim Hall Museum the oldest public museum in the United States in continuous operation. It opened in 1824.
“The backdrop is that we are a little town,” DeMacedo said, “and we can still compete
Olly DeMacedo, Executive Director of America’s Hometown Thanksgiving Celebration
with big programs. There is nothing like being here firsthand and present day.”
As might be expected, a tremendous amount of coordination and work goes into a parade of this magnitude.
DeMacedo noted that the operators are almost 100% volunteer. Some stay for just one season, others stay forever. They come from everywhere.
“It’s important for us to keep the base together. There is just a core of 15-20 workers, 10 of which are consistently here, but we have a couple hundred volunteers. We’ve been incredibly fortunate with all the help that we get here.”
We’re all in this thing together to really promote the principles and fundamental truths.”
That the purpose of the parade is to promote the country’s founding principles and truths is beautifully spoken in their mission statement.
“Our mission is to educate the public while preserving our country’s important history, starting with the pilgrim legacy and Thanksgiving story while recognizing all those who have fought to protect the American way of life. We will accomplish this goal by producing a Thanksgiving celebration of excellence in Plymouth, America’s Hometown, where Thanksgiving began. Through concerts honoring military sacrifice and a parade chronicling the Pilgrim legacy, spectators will leave with a sense of history and pride.”
DeMacedo said that planning for the annual event goes on almost all yearlong.
“We take the end of November and also December off, of course. We all need to enjoy family time through the holidays. We start up again in January. I design all the floats and build most of them myself. I might get up at 3 a.m. sometimes with an idea that’s percolating in my mind. We start putting things together then. June and July, we start building floats, and then in August we meet with ABC to coordinate with them for television coverage. That work, that kind of detail, goes all the way through to the day of the event.”
The town turns the parade into a weekend of celebration. “There’s a concert on Friday night, lots of activity tents, a beer and wine garden and a children’s pavilion, the historic village, a farmer’s market, and a food truck alley. It’s not ‘just’ a parade. It’s a whole production.”
Crowd control for the parade requires careful management.
“We have a very large logistic team. There is parking offsite: We bus individuals into the city and then bus them back out after the event is over. It’s a big challenge, but we’re able to do it on an annual basis and it works well.”
This year, the parade will mark the 80th anniversary of D-Day. In the past there have been celebrations for the cultivated cranberry, the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11, honors for the fishing and lobster trade, and in 2016, one for the 25th anniversary of Desert Storm. There have been celebrations to mark Massachusetts statehood and floats to honor Amelia Earhart as the first woman to fly across the country. There was also one to honor the Wright Brothers, who epitomized the ingenuity that DeMacedo reveres.
He proudly shared his dedication to honoring veterans as well.
“We have a huge, huge collection of veterans. Last year we featured ‘The Price of Freedom.’ We included the Gold Star Mothers, our veterans, and we had a huge eagle overhead with wings that moved. We celebrated the anniversary of ‘Taps,’ with bagpipers playing it.”
Another special feature in the parade is the “America’s Hometown Express,” a big train that DeMacedo built after cutting the roof off an old school bus.
“The train is for us to collect food all along the route, so it can be given to food banks and shelters. It’s promoted ahead, so viewers know to bring nonperishable items,” DeMacedo explained.
Debra Gallo, parade media specialist, makes sure all the promotion that can be done is indeed done each year.
“My goal is to get the parade on TV second behind Macy’s,” she said. She noted that one year the Indian float had all the real Indian chiefs from across the nation. “It caused a bit of an uproar, but we wanted to tell the whole history.”
They know it’s important not to be political with the parade, not to take sides, but simply to share and honor the many aspects of American history. In just two years, the nation will be 250 years old; the prospect of such a celebration has DeMacedo plotting and planning already.
The crowd numbers more than 100,000 along the parade route. And just like the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day parade, the final float of Plymouth’s parade is Santa Claus.
Streaming and on-demand access is available through the VeryLocal app on Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire TV and Android TV. It can also be enjoyed on the website https:// usathanksgiving.com/.
Not to take away from Thanksgiving, Santa Claus rides the final float in a shower of confetti. (Photo provided by America’s Hometown Thanksgiving Celebration)
Part
1 — Social media guidelines: How discernment aids local government transparency
DJordan Daugherty | Guest columnist Administrator at the Village of Whitehouse, Ohio
iscernment is a decision-making tool often neglected but essential for local government (LG) officials when navigating the challenging world of information exchange with the public. Defined by Merriam-Webster as “the quality of being able to grasp and comprehend what is obscure,” this learned quality equips LG officials with the perceptive ability to understand dynamics, behaviors and anticipated reactions when interacting with the public’s unpredictable perceptions of transparency.
In this social media age, interest in information transparency brings us to a point where a complete exchange of government information is expected (Köseoglu & Tuncer, 2016). Of course, who would argue that this is negative? Yet, is there value in examining whether the indiscriminate and unguided delivery of information via social mediums
leads to the effective transfer of new information to the public? And perhaps a more important question, will it lead to increased public trust? In this article, both questions are answered with a yes. However, as this article suggests, this yes is dependent on the strength of discernment and decision-making practices used in developing and adhering to information delivery guidelines (IDG).
While it is acknowledged that openness is vital to good government, this openness cannot be separated from discerning guidelines, specifically when exchanging government information with the public via social media. As such, LGs must question whether social media is an effective form of information transfer. If LGs choose to utilize social media as an information delivery medium, they should create IDG to build trust and increase transparency with their citizens.
Potential problems when using social media
Considering that social media is a primary means of LG information distribution, there is concern that too much focus is placed on the technical perspective and too little on policies ensuring proper practice (Stamati, Papadopoulos, & Anagnostopoulos, 2015). The reality that Web 2.0 and the social media age have brought new and efficient ways to obtain information is undoubtedly exciting. Yet, this recent age is still in its infancy and with it, awareness of the need for social media policies and guidelines is relatively new.
Another problem worth noting is when LGs assume that simple information exchange, by itself, automatically results in an open and transparent citizen/government interaction. Consider an alltoo-common example with a modeled illustration found in Figure 1 (Daugherty, J. & Schriefer, M., 2021). A citizen posts a question on a civic social media site (Phase 1 of Figure 1). Then, a well-meaning public official answers the citizen with what was intended as a courteous tone but lacked situational awareness of various dynamics or the appropriate tools (Phases 2 and 3 of Figure 1). Soon after, the site is ablaze with anger-ridden posts accusing the official of condescension. Of course, officials cannot control everything. However, consider the public relations impact that the negative posts had on the local constituents (Phase 4 of Figure 1). Could it have been prevented? Perhaps, and maybe not. Yet, this example demonstrates how one should be mindful of how the simple delivery of information with good intentions can still provoke negative interactions.
The public depends on LGs to make decisions and provide services in a democratic and utilitarian manner. Therefore, due to its proximity and accessibility to citizens, LGs have a tremendous opportunity to provide a context wherein information exchange is dynamic and immediately felt by the public (Hendrix, 2019). When considered within the virtual realm, this context needs additional ingredients and safeguards to ensure an effective and democratic information exchange occurs. Failure to properly exchange information can result in posting inappropriate content, handling public comments unprofessionally, and publishing redundant or inaccurate information (Köseoglu & Tuncer, 2016). The difficulty for LGs lies in the perception that a narrow margin for error exists once the relationship with social media begins thus, the need for guidelines.
Consider also that LGs have not fully recognized the degree to which argumentation in online media exchanges has the power to change the public’s prior position to one the local officials are attempting to influence (Dekker & Bekkers, 2015). Put another way, before engaging in full-scale public information delivery, LGs should understand that doing so via social media can be complex and result in varying levels of difficulty when attempting to influence the public’s opinion. An assumption exists that the more the public knows via social mediums, the more positive the public perceives government. Significant research contests the validation of this assumption (Porumbescu, 2016). Succinctly, a battle exists between new information dissemination and the public’s current knowledge.
Understanding public’s current knowledge
LGs engaging in information exchange without awareness of the public’s current level of trust do so to its potential detriment. Presumably, a primary reason that LGs share information is to influence the public’s current understanding, otherwise known as current knowledge. While officials may never know the exact state of individual member’s understanding, they can at least be mindful of the aggregate level of public confidence.
The public’s existing level of distrust is the current knowledge that officials must overcome. Moreover, research reveals that exercising discernment in information exchange policy garners public trust (Porumbescu, 2016). Any new knowledge or action that citizens are asked to embrace will fail to transfer unless that policy recognizes the current knowledge’s challenges.
Delivering new knowledge
Once current knowledge is understood, LGs can explore how to deliver new knowledge. For LGs, new knowledge is defined as the citizen’s acceptance of information that results in an increased level of trust. The official’s challenge is to disseminate information in a manner that aptly addresses citizens’ general concerns. Failing to address those concerns, they become obstacles to receiving and retaining new knowledge (Ambrose et al., 2010).
Discerning public’s need for caring response
Having argued the value of IDG in information delivery policies, LGs are advised to mindfully discern the public’s information needs amid obscuring perceptions. While it may be intuitively known, LGs
Figure 1: Model of Four Phases to Ensuring Effective Information Delivery Via Social Media
While Whitehouse, Ohio, has grown over the years, the village maintains its charm. (Photo by Mark Schriefer)
also need to discern their citizens’ dynamic expectations, aspirations and perceived rights. Understanding that the public has general psychological needs, attention is now given to specific IDG criteria considerations.
Using discerning questions to understand public’s need
As is widely known, Facebook, Instagram and X formerly known as Twitter are among the top social media platforms (Ahmad, 2019). Across the globe, the public increasingly relies on these platforms as the primary source of their information feed. As such, LGs that fail to respond by positioning themselves to offer this feed find themselves underdelivering helpful information.
When officials become aware of an information need, the advisable first step is to ask questions that decipher the actual need (Phase 1 of Figure 1). As such, best-practice IDG should include jurisdiction-specific initial questions. For example, the following discerning questions may help gain clarity regarding an information need:
• What information is actually requested?
• What might be reasonably inferred that they are requesting?
• What tone and word choice are used, and what do they signal?
• Are there recent events that might cause a constituent increased sensitivity?
• Is the information delivery courteous in both intent and performance?
• Should requests for more information be delivered in the same medium?
• Is there specific knowledge of the public that could influence how the information is delivered?
The purpose of these questions focuses on fulfilling both the letter and the spirit of the request. Jurisdiction-specific questions should discourage tunnel-vision responses and encourage fuller awareness. Officials responding to requests with mindfulness increase the likelihood of effective information delivery. Use of discernment, as discussed earlier, is significant considering that effective information delivery is instrumental in the public’s perception of transparency.
Responding to public’s need using discernment tools
Due to obscured public perceptions, sending information through social mediums without regard to effective IDG may place a government agency in a suboptimal predicament. Ideally, LGs should interact in a meaningful and effective manner within the particular guidelines for each social media platform, thus building a foundation of trust through which a government can diffuse rumors and respond to requests (Wukich & Mergel, 2016). This consideration emphasizes the need to ensure that social media interactions are adequately monitored, misinformation and rumors are appropriately addressed, and all requests receive a specific response. To accomplish this, LGs should consider their human resource ability, time, and professionalism when designing IDG. The ideal support for the LG is the addition of discernment tools in its IDG. It is with this pairing that discernment tools and IDG reach their optimum value.
Certainly, there is sincere motivation to provide constituents with clear and appropriate information delivery with most public officials. However, sometimes information delivery, even with genuine motives, still misses the mark. When officials pause and consider available response tools, they increase the likelihood of satisfying the public’s
Spring flowers surround the Whitehouse, Ohio, sign, welcoming visitors to the village of about 5,000. (Photo by Mark Schriefer)
request. Consider four (4) broad-based discernment tools (Phase 3 of Figure 1) officials should consider before delivering information.
This is part one of “Social media guidelines: How discernment aids local government transparency.” The second part will run in the December issue of The Municipal.
About the Columnist
Jordan Daugherty, administrator at the village of Whitehouse in Northwest Ohio, works in the town where he grew up. Conscientious of the trajectory of government at large, he particularly focuses on the need for local governments to transform into bodies deserving public trust. His 17 years of working in municipal leadership have given him a vision for guiding local government from a mindset of unimaginative toward progression. Daugherty received his doctorate in organization development and change (D.ODC) from Bowling Green State University and is a Certified Public Accountant (retired). He also sits on the board of the Northwest Ohio Advanced Energy Special Improvement District. While he ardently works to cause efficient and effective organizational change, his ultimate passion is his gracious wife and 12 children. Daugherty can be reached at jdaugherty@whitehouseoh.gov.
References
Amad, Irfan. (2019, January 1). The most popular social media platforms of 2019. Digital Information World. Retrieved from https://www.digitalinformationworld.com/2019/01/most-popularglobal-social-networks-apps-infographic.html
Ambrose, S. A., Bridges, M. W., DiPietro, M., Lovett, M. C., & Norman, M. K. (2010). How learning works: seven research-based principles for smart teaching. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Daugherty, J. & Schriefer, M. (2021). Model of Four Phases to Ensuring Effective Information Delivery Via Social Media [Figure].
Dekker, R., & Bekkers, V. (2015). The contingency of governments’ responsiveness to the virtual public sphere: A systematic literature review and meta-synthesis. Government Information Quarterly, 32(4), 496-505. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.09.007
Hendrix, M. (2019, March 4). The case for local government. Retrieved from https://www.realclearpolicy.com/articles/2019/03/04/the_case_for_local_government_111089.html
Köseoglu, Ö., & Tuncer, A. (2016). Designing social media policy for local governments: opportunities and challenges. Public Administration and Information Technology, 15, 23-35. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Discernment. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved April 20, 2021, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/discernment
Porumbescu, G.A., (2016). Comparing the effects of e-government and social media use on trust in government. Public Management Review, 18(9), 1308-1334. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 14719037.2015.1100751
Stamati, T., Papadopoulos, T., & Anagnostopoulos, D. (2015). Social media for openness and accountability in public sector: Cases in the Greek context. Government Information Quarterly, 32(1), 12-29. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2014.11.004
Wukich, C., Mergel, I., (2016). Reusing social media information in government. Government Information Quarterly 33, 305-312. Retrieved from http:dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.01.011
Best places to enjoy turkey day
Americans relish the Thanksgiving holiday. Thanksgiving Day institutionalized the habit of giving thanks, having first taken place in a new land. In 1776, that land become the United States of America, and since then, the holiday has prompted citizens to recognize all the blessings that enrich their lives. Taking time off of work and school to gather with family for a sumptuous meal and the opportunity to share an extended amount of time together makes the day even more memorable.
Some factors that make a modern-day Thanksgiving particularly enjoyable are when the meal is cost-effective to prepare; when neither the airlines, highway
1. San Francisco, Calif. 2. San Jose, Calif. 3. San Diego, Calif.
traffic or bad weather impede travel; and where opportunities to volunteer allow for the sharing of goodwill.
Last fall, the website WalletHub quantified Americans’ expectations for gathering together for the Thanksgiving holiday. It analyzed which U.S. cities were best positioned to offer a wonderful experience to families and ranked the 10 best on all these factors and more, including which ones had the most pumpkin patches and were the strongest in maintaining other holiday traditions.
The 10 best cities in which to celebrate Thanksgiving are:
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