ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022) American National Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Pools

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Addenda A to: American National Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Pools

Following approval by the APSP-4 Committee and the ANSI Standards Consensus Committee, and after public review, ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 a 2013 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on April 4, 2013. The original edition of this standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute on July 16, 2012.

Each change given below is identified in the standard, by a bar in the margin with the letter (a) next to it. (a)

Summary of Changes

Page Section Change

3

Section 7.2 Add Section 7.2.16 3 Section 7.3 Add Section 7.3.9 13 Section 15 Add Section 15.4

American National Standard

Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standard developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.

Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved this standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.

NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard.

Important Notice about this Document

This voluntary standard has been developed under the published procedures of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The ANSI process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus.

The Pool and Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA) does not write the standards. Rather, PHTA facilitates a forum for its members, and others interested in pool and spa design and safety, to develop standards through the consensus procedures of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). While the PHTA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its codes and standards.

In issuing and making this document available, the PHTA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the PHTA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. The PHTA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication of, use of, or reliance on this document.

The PHTA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. The PHTA does not list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the PHTA. Any certification of products stating compliance with requirements of this document is the sole responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. The PHTA, its members, and those participating in its activities do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with the provisions given herein, for any restrictions imposed on materials, or for the accuracy and completeness of the text.

Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstance. It is assumed and intended that pool users will exercise appropriate personal judgment and responsibility and that public pool owners and operators will create and enforce rules of behavior and warnings appropriate for their facility.

Copyright Notice

Copyright ©2022 by The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 500, Alexandria, VA 22314-4695. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transcribed, or transmitted, in any form or by any means or method, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without advance written permission from the publisher: The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 500, Alexandria, VA 22314-4695.

The APSP The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals® word mark and the APSP logo are trademarks of The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals registered in the U.S.

The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance® word mark and logo are registered trademarks of The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals d/b/a Pool & Hot Tub Alliance registered in the U.S.

Organizations Represented

Consensus approval in accordance with ANSI procedures was achieved by ballot of the following APSP Standards Consensus Committee. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI.

Producers

All American Custom Pools & Spas, Inc ......... John Romano Custom Pools, Inc Scott Heusser Gary Pools, Inc Leif Zars Hayward Industries ........................ John O’Hare HornerXpress South Florida Bill Kent

Master Spas Inc .......................... Nathan Coelho Rosebrook Carefree Pools, Inc John Bently Royal Fiberglass Pools Inc Tony Hebert S.R. Smith, LLC ........................... Bill Svendsen Van Kirk & Sons, Inc Don Cesarone

General Interest

American Red Cross Connie Harvey Con-Serv Associates, Inc .................... Wally James Conroe Independent School District, TX Louis Sam Fruia Higgins Environmental Solutions (National Environmental Health Assoc.) Florence Higgins Walt Disney Parks and Resorts ............... Michael Beatty Gene Wells Consulting Gene Wells Don Witte, Consultant ...................... Don Witte World Waterpark Association Rick Root Wyndham Worldwide Corporation (American Hotel & Lodging Association) Tony Mendez YMCA of the USA .......................... Albert Tursi

Government/User

City of Martinsville, VA ...................... Kris Bridges City of Mount Dora, FL Tom Allen City of Southfield, MI Wayne Jewell Fairfax County, VA .......................... Marc Mordue Illinois Department of Public Health Justin DeWitt International Code Council ................... Lee Clifton North Carolina Dept. of Insurance Office of State Fire Marshall Helen DiPietro N.J. Dept. of Community Affairs Division of Codes and Standards Thomas Pitcherello

Oregon Public Health Division ................ Stephen Keifer U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Mark Eilbert * Washington State Dept. of Health Gary Fraser *non-voting

In accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) procedures, this document will be reviewed periodically. The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance welcomes your comments and suggestions, and continues to review all PHTA standards, which include:

ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014 American National Standard for Public Swimming Pools NSPI-2 1999 Standard for Public Spas

ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 2014 American National Standard for Permanently Installed Residential Spas and Swim Spas

ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 American National Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Swimming Pools

ANSI/APSP/ICC-5 2011 American National Standard for Residential Inground Swimming Pools

ANSI/APSP/ICC-6 2013 American National Standard for Residential Portable Spas and Swim Spas

ANSI/PHTA/ICC-7 2020 American National Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance In Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Catch Basins

ANSI/APSP/ICC-8 2005 (R2013) American National Standard Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs IAF-9 2005 Standard for Aquatic Recreation Facilities

ANSI/PHTA/ICC-10 2021 American National Standard for Elevated Pools, Spas and Other Aquatic Venues Integrated into a Building or Structure

ANSI/APSP/ICC-11 2019 American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas ANSI/APSP/ICC/NPC-12 2016 American National Standard for the Plastering of Swimming Pools and Spas

ANSI/APSP/ICC-13 2017 American National Standard for Water Conservation Efficiency in Pools, Spas, Portable Spas and Swim Spas

ANSI/APSP/ICC-14 2019 American National Standard for Portable Electric Spa Energy Efficiency ANSI/PHTA/ICC-15 2021 American National Standard for Residential Swimming Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency

ANSI/APSP/ICC-16 2017 American National Standard for Suction Outlet F itting Assemblies (SOFA) for Use in Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs

APSP-4 Writing Committee

Buster Crabbe Swimming Pools Gregory Aymes, Chair

Confer Plastics Inc. Dennis Lederhouse Intex Recreation Corp. ...................... Zoran Madzar

IAPMO R&T Lab Tony Zhou

Observers

Wil-Bar International Ken Lovas Trevi Pools

............................... Marilyn Staneff

Intex Recreation Corp. Matthew Whalen

APSP Staff

Bernice Crenshaw, Director, Technical and Standards Carvin DiGiovanni, Senior Director, Technical and Standards

Foreword

This Foreword is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022). It is included for information only.

The ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022), American National Standard for aboveground/onground residential swimming pools was approved by the American National Standards Institute on June 6, 2022. The original edition of this standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute on July 16, 2012.

This standard is a reaffirmation of ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012, American National Standard for aboveground/onground residential swimming pools. It includes Addenda A Approved April 4, 2013.

The objective of this voluntary standard is to provide recommended minimum guidelines for the design, equipment, operation, and installation of aboveground/onground residential swimming pools. It is intended to meet the needs for incorporation into national or regional building codes, and also for adoption by state and/or local municipalities as a local code or ordinance. It is understood that for the sake of applicability and enforceability, the style and format of the standard may need adjustment to meet the code or ordinance style of the jurisdiction adopting this document.

The design recommendations and construction practices in this standard are based upon sound engineering principles, research, and field experience that, when applied properly, contribute to the delivery and installation of a safe product.

The words “safe” and “safety” are not absolutes. While the goals of this standard are to design and construct a safe, enjoyable product, it is recognized that risk factors cannot, as a practical matter, be reduced to zero in any human activity. This standard does not replace the need for good judgment and personal responsibility. In permitting use of the pool by others, owners must consider the skill, attitude, training, and experience of the expected user.

As with any product, the specific recommendations for installation and use provided by the manufacturer should be carefully observed.

This standard was prepared by the APSP-4 Aboveground/Onground Standard Writing Committee of The Association of Pool and Spa Professionals (APSP) in accordance with the American National Standards Institute’s (ANSI) Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards.

Consensus approval was achieved by a ballot of the balanced APSP Standards Consensus Committee (members listed on p. iv) and through an ANSI Public Review process. The ANSI Public Review provided an opportunity for additional input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, safety experts, state code and health officials, and the public at large. Inclusion in the list does not necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI.

Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be sent to The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (formerly the Association of Pool and Spa Professionals,) 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 500, Alexandria, VA 22314.

This standard is published in partnership with the International Code Council (ICC). ICC develops and publishes the International Building Code (IBC) and International Residential Code (IRC), which are adopted as the basis for the building codes used in most states and jurisdictions within the United States. Additionally, PHTA and ICC have collaborated to develop the first comprehensive model swimming pool and spa code, known as the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code. This landmark document incorporates and references material from ANSI/PHTA standards and ICC’s model codes, to create a stand-alone code that is consistent with codes and standards from both organizations.

These codes and standards are the result of a joint effort between ICC and APSP as a service to both the swimming pool and spa community, and building code professionals. It is the hope of both organizations that they will lead to enhanced safety for pool and spa users around the world.

Contents Sections Page

American National Standard iii Foreword v 1 Scope 1 2 Nor mative References ................................ 1 3 Codes and Compliance ............................... 1 4 Materials of Manufacture 1 5 Dimensional Design 2 6 Pool and Component Design ........................... 2 7 Instr uctions and Responsibilities 2 8 Safety Signs 4 9 Aboveground/onground pool ladders and staircases .......... 6 10 Aboveground/onground pool raised decks and fencing 9 11 Aboveground/onground swimming pool circulation components and related equipment 10 12 Water supply 12 13 Waste water disposal ................................ 12 14 Sanitizing equipment, oxidation equipment, UV light units, and chemical feeders ................... 13 15 Electrical requirements 13

NOTE: Solid vertical lines within the body of the standard indicate a technical change from the requirements of the 2007 edition. Deletion indicators in the form of an arrow ( )are provided in the margin where an entire section, paragraph, exception, or table has been deleted, or an item in a list of items or a table has been deleted.

Figures

1 Typical A-frame ladder (type A and type B) 5 2. Typical staircase ladder (type C) 5 3 Typical in-pool ladder (type D) .......................... 5 4 Typical in-pool staircase ladder (types E and F) 5 5 Torso test probe 5 6 Head test probe ..................................... 5 7 Dimensions for typical A-frame ladder 6 8 Dimensions for typical staircase ladder 7 9 Dimensions for typical in-pool ladder ..................... 8 10 Dimensions for typical in-pool staircase ladder 8 11 Typical cantilever deck support 9 12 Typical free-standing deck support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Appendices

A Chemical Operational Parameters ....................... A-1 B Signage Warning Against Shallow Water Diving A-10 C Safety Considerations and Warning Recommendations A-11 D English Standard-Metric Conversion Tables (Approximate Factors) A-13 E Safety Brochures and Education Programs A-14 F Sources of Material ................................ A-15

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Standard for Aboveground/Onground Residential Swimming Pools

1 Scope

1.1 This standard describes certain criteria for the design, manufacturing, testing, care, and use of aboveground/onground residential (Type-O) non-diving swimming pools and their components.

1.1.1 Aboveground/onground residential (Type-O) non-diving swimming pools are defined as pools with a shallow area water depth of 36 in. (914 mm) minimum at the wall and a water depth of 48 in. maximum (1219 mm) at the wall. This includes portable pools with flexible/non-rigid or rigid side walls which achieve their structural integrity by means of uniform shape, support frame or a combination thereof, and can be disassembled for storage or relocation.

1.2 Aboveground/onground residential swimming pools are for swimming and wading only. No diving boards, slides, or other equipment are to be added to an aboveground/onground pool that in any way indicates that an aboveground/onground pool may be used or intended for diving or sliding purposes.

1.3 This standard does not apply to pools covered by ANSI/APSP-1 Standard for public swimming pools or by ANSI/APSP-5 Standard for residential inground swimming pools or other pools or spas designed for medical treatment, physical therapy, or other special purposes.

2 Normative References

The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.

ANSI Z535 series for safety signs and colors (5 standards) (2011) 1

ANSI Z21.56-2006/CSA 4.7-2006, Gas fired pool heaters 2

ANSI Z21.56a (2006) - Gas fired pool heaters 3

ANSI/APSP-7 (2006), Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Catch Basins 4

ANSI/APSP-8 (2005), Model barrier code for residential swimming pools, spas, and hot tubs 5

ANSI/APSP-16 (2011), Suction fittings for use in swimming pools, wading pools, spas, and hot tubs 6

ANSI/NEMA MG1-2011, Motors and generators 7

ANSI/NFPA 54 (2012), National Fuel Gas Code (same as ANSI Z223.1-2002) 8

ANSI/NFPA 58 (2011), Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases 9

ANSI/NFPA 70 (2011), National Electrical Code, Article 68010

ANSI/ASHRAE 62-2001, Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality 11

A112.1.2 (2011), Air gaps in plumbing systems 12

ASTM D1593-2009, Standard specification for nonrigid vinyl chloride plastic film and sheeting 13

ASTM D-1790-2008, Standard test method for brittleness temperature of plastic sheeting by impact 14

ASTM F1346-91 (2010), Standard performance specification for safety covers and labeling requirements for all covers for swimming pools, spas, and hot tubs 15

UL 1081 (2011), Standard for swimming pool pumps, filters, and chlorinators 16

UL 1261 (2010), Standard for electric water heaters for pools and tubs 17

UL 1995 (2009), Standard for heating and cooling equipment 18 U.S. Code of federal regulations, 16 CFR, Part 1303.1 et seq.19

3 Codes and Compliance

3.1 The authority having jurisdiction may require obtaining permits for installations (e.g., building, zoning, electrical).

3.2 Any after-market or home-built deck, if construction of such is allowed by the manufacturer, shall comply with the local building code, including load capacity and fencing requirements.

3.3 Decks. All decks shall meet local codes and comply with the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs.

4 Materials of Manufacture

4.1 The materials of components and accessories used for aboveground/onground residential pools shall be compatible with man and the environment in which they are installed. These materials

1-3. American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036, (212) 642-4900, www.ansi.org 4-6. The Association of Pool and Spa Professionals, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314, (703) 838-0083, www.APSP.org

7. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209, (703) 841-3200, www.nema.org 8-10. National F ire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 (617) 770-3000, www.nfpa.org

11. American Society of Heating , Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta,GA 30329, (404) 636-8400, www.ashrae.org

12. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 3 Park Avenue, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10016, (212) 591-8562, www.asme.org 13-15. ASTM Inter national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, (610) 832-9585, www.astm.org 16-18. Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062, (847) 272-8800, www.ul.com

19. U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250; toll free (866) 512-1800; order online from http://bookstore.gpo.gov

shall be capable of fulfilling the design, installation, and intended use requirements in this standard.

4.2 The selection of all materials and manufacturing processes for components and accessories to be used for aboveground/onground residential pools shall be such that all parts with external surfaces and edges that may come in contact with the user are assembled, arranged, and/or finished (deburred, polished, etc.) so that they will not constitute a cutting, pinning, puncturing, or abrasion hazard.

4.3 All paints and finishes shall comply with the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16 CFR Part 1303.1 et. seq (Ban of lead-containing paint and certain consumer products bearing lead-containing paint)

5 Dimensional Design

5.1 Perimeter shape. No limits are specified for the shape of pools, except that consideration shall be given to shape from the standpoint of the safety of the occupants and of the circulation of the swimming pool water to ensure sanitation.

5.1.1 There shall be manufacturing tolerances allowed on dimensional designs. Unless otherwise specified, the overall length, width, and depth shall be limited to a tolerance of ±2 in. (±51 mm)

5.2 Floor slopes. Floor slopes shall be uniform and comply with 5.2.1 through 5.2.4.

5.2.1 The slope of the floor from the shallow wall towards the deep area shall not exceed 1 ft in 7 ft (1:7, 305 mm: 2134 mm) to the point of the first slope change.

5.2.2 The slope of the floor from the point of the first slope change towards the deepest point shall not exceed 1 ft in 3 ft (1:3), (305 mm: 914 mm)

5.2.3 The slope adjacent to the shallow area shall have a maximum slope of 1 ft in 3 ft (1:3, 305 mm: 914 mm) and the slope adjacent to the side walls shall have a maximum slope of 1 ft in 1 ft (1:1, 305 mm: 305 mm)

5.2.4 The point of the first slope change shall be defined as the point at which the shallow area slope exceeds 1 ft in 7 ft (1:7, 305 mm: 2134 mm) and be at least 6 ft (1829 mm) from the shallow end wall of the pool.

5.3 Pools designated Type-O with a manufactured dimensionallyspecified contoured deep area and a water depth that exceeds 60 in. (1524 mm) shall be for swimming and wading only.

6 Pool and Component Design

6.1 The pool manufacturer shall be responsible for the following:

6.1.1 The structural design and materials used shall be in accordance with accepted structural engineering practices.

6.1.2 All primary structural members shall have a minimum factor of safety of 1.70 (yield strength) and, when used, aluminum structures shall have a minimum factor of safety of 1.85 (yield strength). The factor of safety shall be confirmed by the manufacturer, the ILAC approved lab, or professional engineer (PE).

6.1.3 In climates subject to freezing temperatures, the pool shell shall be designed and constructed to facilitate protection from damage due to freezing.

6.1.4 The pool shall be capable of being disassembled or stored and reassembled to its original integrity.

6.1.5 Where wall sections or wall ends are joined together, their joints shall be capable of withstanding the maximum stress applied to the wall. The means of closure shall be described in easy-tounderstand diagrams and/or language in the assembly instructions.

6.2 Component manufacturers shall be responsible for the following:

6.2.1 Component manufacturers shall ensure that, in climates subject to freezing temperatures, water containment devices and appurtenances, piping, hoses, filter system, pump and motor, and other components shall be designed and constructed to facilitate protection from damage due to freezing.

6.3 The aboveground/onground residential pool vinyl liner manufacturer shall be responsible for ensuring that the vinyl liner shall conform to 6.3.1 through 6.3.5

6.3.1 Liners shall be sealed to produce a membrane to contain the water in a watertight envelope.

6.3.2 The manufacturer’s name and the liner identification number shall be affixed to the liner.

6.3.3 Materials used to fabricate standard-grade vinyl liners shall not physically crack when tested at 0 °F ±2° (–18 °C ±1°) per the most recent edition of ASTM D1790, Test method for brittleness temperature of plastic film by impact.

6.3.4 Materials used to fabricate winterized vinyl liners shall not physically crack when tested at –20 °F ±2° (–29 °C ±1°) per the most recent edition of ASTM D-1790, Test method for brittleness temperature of plastic film by impact.

6.3.5 The liner thickness shall measure ±5 percent of the stated thickness. Liner material shall be measured in accordance with the most recent edition of ASTM Test D-1593, Non-rigid vinyl chloride plastic sheeting.

7 Instr uctions and Responsibilities

7.1 Responsibilities of pool/component manufacturers. In the written instructions and instruction manuals, the pool manufacturer and/or component manufacturer shall be responsible for the following information covered in 7.1.1–7.1.6

7.1.1 Signal words. Safety-related information shall have the signal words “DANGER,” “WARNING,” and “CAUTION” in bold type, twice the size of normal type, and shall be contained in a bordered area.

(See Appendix B.)

7.1.2 The name, address, and telephone number of the warrantor of the product, if applicable, shall be listed.

7.1.3 Parts list. A parts list, including a self-explanator y, illustrated set of instructions for assembly, installation, maintenance, and use, shall be provided.

7.1.4 Circulation systems. Manufacturers shall provide written instructions for installation and operation of their product’s circulation systems components.

7.1.5 Filtration system. Manufacturers/suppliers shall advise that any equipment connected to the circulation systems shall be positioned so as to prevent their being used as a means of access to the pool by young children. (See the latest published edition of ANSI/ APSP-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs.)

7.1.6 Manufacturers shall advise homeowners in their instruction manuals that the installation must comply with the codes of the authority having jurisdiction and may require permits for building, plumbing electrical, zoning, etc.

7.2 Safety features for owners. In their instruction manuals, manufacturers/suppliers shall be responsible for advising the initial pool purchaser/owner of the following information covered in 7.2.1–7.2.15

7.2.1 Recommendations for the location and affixing of safety signs shall be provided.

7.2.2 Warnings against diving into an aboveground/onground pool shall be provided.

7.2.3 Manufacturers shall advise that a barrier is necessary to provide protection against potential drowning and near drowning and that barriers are not a substitute for the constant supervision of children. (See latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs

7.2.4 Manufacturers shall advise that a list of emergency telephone numbers shall be posted, such as the nearest available police, fire, ambulance, and/or rescue unit. These numbers are to be kept near the telephone that is closest to the pool.

7.2.5 Manufacturers shall advise that toys, chairs, tables, or similar objects that a young child could climb shall be at least 4 feet (1219 mm) from the pool.

7.2.6 Manufacturers shall advise that publications are available that describe the risk of drowning, entrapment, and diving accidents. Available publications related to pool safety include the Association of Pool and Spa Professionals’ (APSP) booklets entitled: The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Aboveground/Onground Swimming Pool, Children Aren’t Waterproof, Pool and Spa Emergency Procedures for Infants and Children, Layers of Protection, and the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs

7.2.7 For other considerations See Appendix D

7.2.8 Ladders. Written instructions for proper assembly and use of all ladders/stairs shall include the following messages in 7.2.8.1–7.2.8.5

7.2.8.1 The written instructions for proper assembly and use of all ladders shall advise the installer that the ladder shall be located on a solid base.

7.2.8.2 The written instructions shall state that the ladder shall be installed per the manufacturer’s instructions.

7.2.8.3 Written instructions to the homeowner for proper use of all ladders shall state “ONE PERSON ON THE LADDER/STAIR AT A TIME.”

7.2.8.4 Manufacturers shall include the following or equivalent statement in the instructions and on the carton for in-pool ladders, A-frame ladders, staircase ladders, protruding or recessed staircases: “THIS LADDER IS DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED FOR A SPECIFIC POOL WALL HEIGHT AND/OR DECK OF THE POOL.”

7.2.8.5 The manufacturer shall provide the following statement in the instructions, “FOR ENTRY/EXIT OF POOL, FACE THE LADDER AT ALL TIMES.”

7.2.8.6 The manufacturer shall provide written instructions that address the applicable safety signs in Section 8.

7.2.9 Lifesaving equipment. Basic lifesaving equipment, including one of the following, shall be on hand at all times:

7.2.9.1 A light, strong, rigid pole (shepherd’s crook) not less than 12 ft (3.66 m) long.

7.2.9.2 A minimum ¼ in. (6 mm) diameter rope as long as 1½ times the maximum width of the pool or 50 feet (15.24 m), whichever is less, which has been firmly attached to a Coast Guard-approved ring buoy, or a similarly approved flotation devices.

7.2.10 Covers. Manufacturers shall advise that pool covers used for safety barriers shall comply with the latest published edition of ASTM F-1346, Standard performance specifications for safety covers and labeling requirements for all covers for swimming pools, spas and hot tubs.

7.2.11 Lighting. Pool and component manufacturers shall advise homeowners that they shall use artificial lighting during nighttime pool use, to illuminate all safety signs, ladders, steps, deck surfaces, and walks.

7.2.12 Manufacturers shall advise that the pool is subject to wear and deterioration. If not maintained properly, certain types of excessive or accelerated deterioration can lead to failure of the pool structure that might release large quantities of water that could cause bodily harm and property damage.

7.2.13 Manufacturers shall provide information about the maintenance of all structural and component pool parts and the maintenance of circulation systems.

7.2.14 Visibility of floor. Pool manufacturers shall provide instructions that the bottom of the pool shall be visible at all times from the outside perimeter of the pool.

7.2.15 Pool manufacturers shall provide to homeowners instructions on how to maintain water clarity such that the deepest part of the pool is visible.

7.2.16 Manufacturers of Onground Storable Pools shall provide written instructions stating the following:

(1) The pool shall be located a minimum distance of 6 ft (1.83 m) from any electrical receptacle.

(2) All 125 volt, 15 and 20 ampere receptacles located within 20 ft (6.0 m) of the pool shall be protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI). The 20 ft (6 m) distance is measured via the shortest straight line distance the supply cord would follow without piercing a floor, wall, ceiling, doorway, window, or other permanent barrier.

7.3 Responsibilities of installers. Installers are responsible for the following requirements during pool installation.

7.3.1 Installers shall follow written instructions regarding positioning of all equipment connected to the circulation systems All of these components shall be positioned so as to prevent their being used as a means of access to the pool by young children. (See the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs

7.3.2 Circulation system. The installer shall follow written instruction provided for operation of the circulation system components.

7.3.4 Vinyl liner. The installer shall affix safety signs above the water line according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

7.3.5 Entrapment avoidance. There shall be no protrusions or other obstruction in the swimming area that may cause entrapment or entanglement of the user. See also Section 11 in regard to suction entrapment avoidance.

7.3.6 The written instructions for proper assembly and use of all ladders shall advise the installer that the ladder shall be located on a solid base and the ladder shall be installed per the manufacturer’s instructions.

7.3.7 The installer shall follow regulations on setback, barriers, devices, and other conditions.

7.3.8 The installer shall ensure that all pools and their related components that are installed in an indoor environment shall comply with the ventilation requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE 62 or the latest published edition of Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality, Table 2, Article 2.1.

7.3.9 Installers shall locate the pool in accordance with the (a) Manufacturer’s instructions. See also Section 15 in regard to electrical requirements.

7.4 Responsibilities of vinyl liner manufacturers. The vinyl liner manufacturer shall apply a label on the liner carton that describes its contents. The label shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

• pattern/design;

• size;

• type of liners (beaded, overlap, or beaded extrusion, expanded, hopper or dimensionally contoured);

• thickness of liner as designated in in., mils or millimeters (wall and bottom); and

• grade of liner (winterized or standard).

8 Safety Signs

8.1

No Diving signs

8.1.1 The pool manufacturer shall affix or provide safety signs stating “NO DIVING.”

8.1.2 The deck and fence manufacturer shall affix and/or provide safety signs stating “NO DIVING.”

8.1.3 The wall manufacturer shall provide and affix to the exterior side of the pool wall safety signs stating “NO DIVING.”

8.1.4 The ladder manufacturer shall affix safety signs stating “NO DIVING.”

8.1.5 The liner manufacturer shall provide safety signs stating “NO DIVING” with all original and replacement liners.

8.1.6 Responsibilities of installers. Prior to use of the pool, the installer shall affix all no diving signs and safety signs in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions so they can be easily visible.

8.2 Safety signs for ladders

8.2.1 A-frame ladders

8.2.1.1 A-frame ladders shall have affixed the following or similar safety sign stating “NO DIVING” in a readable position above the water level on both the in-pool and entry side of the ladder. It is the manufacturer’s discretion to apply its signal word of choice.

8.2.1.2 A-frame ladders shall have affixed on the pool side of the ladder the following or similar safety sign stating “TO PREVENT ENTRAPMENT OR DROWNING DO NOT SWIM THROUGH, BEHIND, OR AROUND LADDER.” (For examples of safety signs, See Appendix C.)

8.2.1.3 The manufacturer shall provide the following statement in the instructions, “FOR ENTRY/EXIT OF POOL, FACE THE LADDER AT ALL TIMES.”

8.2.1.4 Type A ladders

8.2.1.4.1 A double access ladder (Type A) shall have a safety sign affixed stating “REMOVE AND SECURE LADDER WHEN POOL IS NOT OCCUPIED.”

8.2.1.5 Type B ladders

8.2.1.5.1 Limited access ladders (Type B) shall have a safety sign affixed stating “SECURE LADDER WHEN POOL IS NOT OCCUPIED.”

8.2.1.5.2 Type B A-frame ladders, which utilize swing-up, or slide-up sections to limit accessibility, shall have affixed the following or similar safety sign: “WHEN POOL IS NOT OCCUPIED, SWING-UP AND SECURE, LIFT-OFF, OR SLIDE-UP AND SECURE.” It is the manufacturer’s discretion to apply its signal word of choice.

8.2.2 Type C staircase ladders

8.2.2.1 Staircase ladders, which swing up to secure or are removed to secure, shall have the following or similar safety sign affixed stating: “WHEN NOT IN USE SWING-UP AND SECURE OR REMOVE.” (For examples of safety signs, See Appendix C.)

8.2.2.2 The manufacturer shall affix to the carton a label that states, “THIS LADDER IS DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED FOR A SPECIFIC POOL WALL HEIGHT AND/OR DECK HEIGHT OF THE POOL.”

8.2.3

Type D in-pool ladder

8.2.3.1 In-pool ladders shall have affixed the following or similar safety sign stating “NO DIVING” in a readable position above the water level on both the in-pool and entry sides of the ladder.

8.2.3.2 In-pool ladders shall have affixed the following or similar safety sign stating “WARNING: TO PREVENT ENTRAPMENT OR DROWNING, DO NOT SWIM THROUGH, BEHIND, OR AROUND LADDER.”

8.2.3.3 The manufacturer shall affix to the carton a label that states “THIS LADDER IS DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED FOR A SPECIFIC POOL WALL HEIGHT AND/OR DECK OF THE POOL.”

8.3 Type E, protruding in-pool stairs

8.3.1 Applicable safety signs shall be affixed.

8.4 ANSI standards. All safety signs shall conform to the requirements of the most recent edition of ANSI Z535 series of standards for safety signs and colors. (For examples of safety signs, See Appendix C.)

Figure 1–Typical A-frame ladder (type A and type B) See 9.3.1 for requirements.

Figure 2–Typical staircase ladder (type C)

Figure 3–Typical in-pool ladder (type D)

Figure 4–Typical in-pool staircase ladder (types E and F)

4 in. (102 mm) 5.4 in. (137 mm)

7.5 in. (191 mm)

Figure 5–Torso test probe

8.5 in. (216 mm) 8.5 in. (216 mm) 9 in. (229 mm) diameter

1.4 in. (36 mm) radius 4 in. (102 mm)

9 in. (229 mm) 8 in. (203 mm)

Figure 6–Head test probe

9 Aboveground/Onground Pool Ladders and Staircases

9.1 General requirements

9.1.1 All pools shall have a means of entry/exit consisting of at least one ladder or a ladder and staircase combination (depending upon the pool/deck configuration). A ladder and staircase combination may consist of Type C and Type D, or Type C and Type E and Type F. Ladder Type A and Type B are constructed for entry/exit. (See Figures 1–4.)

9.1.2 Ladders and staircases shall conform to the following:

9.1.2.1 All ladder and staircase treads, which are integral to or permanently attached, shall have a minimum static slipresistance coefficient of 0.04 wet, when tested according to the recommended test method of the ASTM F462 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Slip Resistant Bathing Facilities, utilizing a NIST Brungraber tester. Recommended test criteria should include tread in standing water consisting of droplets/puddles and not flowing water. Testing with soapy water shall not be required.

9.1.2.2 Ladders and staircases shall be made of corrosionresisting materials.

9.2 Test requirements for Types A, B, C, D, E, and F ladders. The ladder shall be designed to withstand the test requirements as stated in Section 9.2

9.2.1 All tests shall be conducted with the assembled ladder installed on a double layer of wedded ½ in. (12.7 mm) plywood under the foot of the ladder.

9.2.1.1 All ladders shall be designed for a minimum working load of 224 lb. (102 kg) with the following ultimate load and factor of safety: Step Test. 672 lb. (305 kg) 3:1.

9.2.2 Compression test. A compression test shall be performed on the assembled ladder in the operating position with the test load of 672 lb. (305 kg) applied over a 3½ in. (89 mm) tread length at the center of the step or platform, whichever is higher. The assembled ladder shall not exhibit failure or permanent deformation.

Platform 12 in. (305 mm) min.

9.2.5 Stability test. In the stability test the ladder shall be set in the level operating position with the vertical test load of 224 lb. (102 kg) applied at the center of the top step or platform, whichever is higher. The ladder is then subjected to a horizontal test load applied at the center, side, and rear of the top step. During this test, the ladder base shall remain on the floor and be assembled and affixed per manufacturer’s instructions.

• Outside front stability: 60 lb. (27 kg)

• Side stability: 35 lb. (16 kg)

• Rear stability: 60 lb. (27 kg)

9.3 A-frame ladders, Type A (double access) and Type B (limited access)

9.3.1 Ladders shall have a physical barrier to prevent children from swimming through the riser openings or behind the ladder, or meet the acceptance criteria of the entrapment test as described in Section 9.3.1.1.

9.3.1.1 When tested for entrapment, ladders shall be fully assembled and placed over the side wall, or a representation thereof, of the above ground pool they are supplied with, or for which they are intended according to manufacturer’s recommendation. Torso and head test probes (Figures 5 and 6) shall be applied in each opening or area between the risers and behind the ladder in accordance with the test procedure for completely bounded openings of ASTM F114809 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Home Playground Equipment:

Place the torso probe (see Figure 5) in the opening, tapered end first, with the plane of its base parallel to the plane of the opening; rotate the probe while keeping its base parallel to the plane of the opening. If the base of the probe passes through the opening when it is rotated about its own axis in any orientation, place the head probe (see Figure 6) in the opening, tapered end first, while its plane is parallel to the plane of the opening.

9.2.3 Step test. The strength of each step shall be tested by applying a 672 lb. (305 kg) test load on a 3-½ in. (89 mm) wide pad located on the centerline of each step. Each step shall withstand the test load without failure or permanent deformation.

9.2.4 Shear test. The shear strength of the step-tostep rail joint is measured by applying the test load of 448 lb. (203 kg) over 3½ in. (89 mm) of tread length as near to the joint as possible. On removing the load, there shall be no indication of failure in the fastener or in any other component. (See Section 9.3.1 for barrier requirements.)

Riser Height 7 in. (178 mm) min. 12 in. (305 mm) max. Width (Spread) 12 in. (305 mm) min.

Hand rail 20 in. (508 mm) min.

Handhold O.D. 1 in. (25 mm) min. 1.9 in. (48 mm) max.

Tread Depth 2 in. (51 mm) min.

Figure 7–Dimensions for typical A-frame ladder

Acceptance criteria for an opening is as follows:

(1) The opening does not admit the torso probe when it is rotated to any orientation about its own axis, or (2) The opening admits the torso probe and also admits the head probe.

An opening can pass this test in one of two ways:

An opening is not in compliance with this standard if the opening admits the torso probe but does not admit the head probe.

An opening fails the test under the following conditions: The opening admits the torso probe but does not admit the head probe.

9.3.2 If an A-frame ladder has a platform between the handrails, the platform shall:

• have a minimum width of 12 in. (305 mm) and a minimum length of 12 in. (305 mm);

• be above or equal to the highest ladder treads; and

• be slip resisting.

9.3.3 Handrails/handholds

9.3.3.1 A-frame ladders shall have two handrails/handholds that serve all treads.

9.3.3.2 A-frame ladders shall have two handrails/handholds with a minimum height of 20 in. (508 mm) above the platform or uppermost tread, whichever is higher.

9.3.3.3 The outside diameter of handrails/handholds shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a maximum of 1.9 in. (48 mm) in diameter.

9.3.3.4 The clear distance between ladder handrails shall be a minimum of 12 in. (305 mm).

9.3.4 Treads

9.3.4.1 Ladder treads shall have a minimum horizontal uniform depth of 2 in. (51 mm).

9.3.4.2 Except for the bottom riser, there shall be a uniform riser height, with a 7 in. (178 mm) minimum and 12 in. (305 mm) maximum. The vertical distance from the platform or top of the pool structure to the uppermost tread shall be uniform to other riser heights.

9.3.4.3 The height of the bottom riser can vary from the other risers. The bottom riser height shall not be less than 7 in. (178 mm) or greater than 12 in. (305 mm)

9.4 Type C staircase ladders (ground to deck)

9.4.1 Handrails/handholds

9.4.1.1 Staircase ladders shall have a minimum of two hand-rails/handholds that serve all treads.

9.4.1.2 Staircase ladders shall have two handrails/handholds with a minimum height of 20 in. (508 mm) above the platform or uppermost tread, whichever is higher.

9.4.1.3 The outside diameter of handrails/handholds shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a maximum of 1.9 in. (48 mm) in diameter.

9.4.2 Treads

9.4.2.1 Ladder treads shall have a minimum horizontal uniform depth of 4 in. (102 mm)

9.4.2.2 Except for the bottom riser, there shall be a uniform riser height, with a 7 in. (178 mm) minimum and 12 in. (305 mm) maximum. The vertical distance from the platform or top of the pool structure to the uppermost tread shall be uniform to other riser heights.

9.4.2.3 When using a staircase ladder with decks, the top step shall be flush with the deck, or be between 7 to 12 in. (178 to 305 mm) below the deck level.

9.4.2.4 The height of the bottom riser can vary from the other risers. The bottom riser height shall not be less than 7 in. (178 mm) or greater than 12 in. (305 mm).

9.4.2.5 All steps shall have a minimum unobstructed width of 19 in. (483 mm) between the side rails.

9.5 Type D in-pool ladder

9.5.1 There shall be a clearance of 3 in. (76 mm) minimum and 6 in. (152 mm) maximum between the pool wall and the ladder.

9.5.2 Handrails/handholds

9.5.2.1 Ladders shall provide two handrails/handholds that extend above the platform or deck for a minimum of 20 in. (508 mm).

9.5.2.2 The clear distance between ladder handrails shall be a minimum of 12 in. (305 mm).

Figure 8–Dimensions for typical staircase ladder

Handhold O.D. 1 in. (25 mm) min. 1.9 in. (48 mm) max.

Riser height 7 in. (178 mm) min. 12 in. (305 mm) max. Spread 12 in. (305 mm) min.

Hand rail 20 in. (508 mm) min.

Deck

Tread depth 2 in. (51 mm) min.

9.5.3.1.3 Ladder treads shall have a minimum horizontal uniform depth of 2 in. (51 mm).

9.6 Type E, protruding in-pool stairs

9.6.1 Ladders shall have a physical barrier to prevent children from swimming through the risers or behind the ladder.

9.6.2 Handrails/handholds. The design and construction of protruding pool stairs shall conform to 9.6.2.1 and 9.6.2.2

9.6.2.1 In-pool stairs shall provide a minimum of one handrail/ handhold that serves all treads with a minimum height of 20 in. (508 mm) above the platform or uppermost tread, whichever is higher.

9.6.2.2 Hand rails, if removable, shall be installed in such a way that they cannot be removed without the use of tools.

Figure 9–Dimensions for typical in-pool ladder

Handhold O.D. 1 in. (25 mm) min. 1.9 in. (48 mm) max.

Riser height 12 in. (305 mm) max.

18 in. (457 mm) max.

9.6.2.2.1 The leading edge of handrails facilitating stairs and pool entry/exit shall be 18 in. ± 3 in. (457 mm ± 76 mm), horizontally from the vertical plane of the bottom riser (where applicable).

9.6.2.2.2 The outside diameter of handrails/handholds shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and maximum of 1.9 in. (48 mm) diameter.

9.6.3 Risers, treads

9.6.3.1 Treads shall have a minimum unobstructed horizontal depth of 10 in. (254 mm) at all points and a minimum unobstructed surface area of 240 square in. (.155 m2)

9.6.3.2 Risers at all points, except for the bottom riser, shall have a maximum uniform height of 12 in. (305 mm)

9.6.3.3 There shall be a uniform riser height with a 7 in. (178 mm) minimum and a 12 in. (305 mm) maximum except for the following:

Tread depth 10 in. (254 mm) min.

Figure 10–Dimensions for typical in-pool staircase ladder

9.5.2.3 The outside diameter of handrails/handholds shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a maximum of 1.9 in. (48 mm) in diameter.

9.5.3 Treads

9.5.3.1 There shall be a uniform riser height, with a 7 in. (178 mm) minimum and a 12 in. (305 mm) maximum except for the following:

9.5.3.1.1 The height of the bottom riser can vary from the other risers, but the bottom riser height shall not be less than 7 in. (178 mm) or greater than 12 in. (305 mm)

9.5.3.1.2 The vertical distance from the pool coping, deck, or step surface to the uppermost tread shall be a minimum of 7 in. (178 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm) and uniform to other riser heights.

9.6.3.3.1 The height of the bottom riser can vary from the other risers, but the bottom riser height shall not be less than 7 in. (178 mm) or greater than 12 in. (305 mm)

9.6.3.3.2 The vertical distance from the pool coping, deck, or step surface to the uppermost tread shall be a minimum of 7 in. (178 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm) and uniform to other riser heights.

9.7 Type F, recessed in-pool stairs

9.7.1 In-pool stairs shall have a physical barrier to prevent children from swimming through the riser openings or behind the ladder.

9.7.2 Handrails. If handrails are used, they shall conform to 9.7.2.1 9.7.2.4

9.7.2.1 In-pool stairs shall provide a minimum of one handrail/ handhold that serves all treads with a minimum height of 20 in. (508 mm) above the platform or uppermost tread, whichever is higher.

9.7.2.2 Handrails, if removable, shall be installed in such a way that they cannot be removed without the use of tools.

9.7.2.3 The leading edge of handrails facilitating stairs and pool entry/exit shall be 18 in. ± 3 in. (457 mm ± 76 mm) horizontally from the vertical plane of the bottom riser (where applicable).

9.7.2.4 The outside diameter of handrails/handholds shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and maximum of 1.9 in. (48 mm) diameter.

9.7.3 Risers, treads. The design and construction of recessed pool stairs shall conform to 9.7.3.1–9.7.3.4.

9.7.3.1 Treads shall have a minimum unobstructed horizontal depth of 10 in. (254 mm) at all points and a minimum unobstructed surface area of 240 sq. in. (.155 m2)

9.7.3.2 There shall be a uniform riser height with a 7 in. (178 mm) minimum and a 12 in. (305 mm) maximum, except for the following:

9.7.3.3 The height of the bottom riser can vary from the other risers, but the bottom riser height shall not be less than 7 in. (178 mm) or greater than 12 in. (305 mm).

10.3 In a cantilever-type deck where the deck structure relies on the pool structure for support, the walking surface of the deck shall not exceed 1 in. (25 mm) above the pool.

10.4 Unless cantilevered, the deck shall not exceed the height of the pool.

10.5 Deck walking surface

10.5.1 Decks that are installed flush with the top rail of the pool shall have all gap openings between the deck and top rails closed-off or capped.

10.5.2 Should the deck extend inside the top rail of the pool, it shall extend no more than 3 in. (76 mm) beyond the inside of the top rail of the pool and be of a smooth finish.

10.5.3 The deck and deck surface shall be manufactured from materials that will provide slip resisting surfaces. As a guide it is recommended that the deck and deck surface have a minimum static slip resisting coefficient of 0.4 wet. Recommended test criteria should include live skin against the deck surface in standing water consisting of droplets/puddles and not flowing water.

10.6 Fencing

Alliance.Allrights reserved.

9.7.3.4 The vertical distance from the pool coping, deck, or step surface to the uppermost tread shall be a minimum of 7 in. (178 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (305 mm) and uniform to other riser heights.

10 Aboveground/onground raised decks and fencing

10.1 Deck structure. A cantilever style deck structure relies on the pool for support and it shall meet the pool manufacturer’s requirements. The pool manufacturer shall ascertain that the pool structure is capable of supporting the deck. (See Figure 11.)

10.2 The deck shall be designed to support a live load of a minimum of 40 lb. per sq. ft. (195.3 kg/m2) of the total deck area, based upon accepted engineering practices.

15 in. min. (381 mm)

Deck Surface

Pool Wall Structure

Figure 11–Typical cantilever deck support

1 in. min. (25 mm)

10.6.1 Top rail. The top rail of the fence, mounted on top of the pool structure or deck of an aboveground/onground pool shall be a minimum of 36 in. (914 mm) above the deck surface. (See the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 American National Standard Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs.)

10.6.2 Spacing between pickets, support posts, and the top rail of the pool and the lower horizontal bottom rail of the fence shall not allow passage of a sphere greater than 4 in. (102 mm) to pass through the openings in the fence. (See the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs.)

15 in. (381 mm) min.

Deck surface

Pool wall structure Copyright©2022bythePoolandHotTub

3 in. min. (76 mm)

Figure 12–Typical free-standing deck support

10.6.3 Where fencing is required and/or provided on the pool or deck, the fencing shall have at least 65 percent open area to allow visibility to the pool area and shall be constructed so as to eliminate or discourage climbing by young children.

10.7 Materials. Fence and deck surfaces shall be of nontoxic materials. As a guide the following standards may be referenced:

• American Wood Preservers Association (AWPA) Standard C2-02, Lumber, Timber, Bridge Ties, and Mine Ties—Preservative Treatment by Pressure Processes

• American Wood Preservers Association Standard C9-02, Plywood–Preservative Treatment by Pressure Processes

• American Wood Preservers Association Standard C22, Permanent Wood Foundations

• Federal Hazardous Substances Act 16 CFR, Ch. II

10.8 Signage. The deck/fence package manufacturer shall supply a safety sign to address “NO DIVING” to be affixed at point of entry. (For examples of safety signs, See Appendix C.)

10.9 Walk-around decks. Walk-around decks shall be a minimum level distance of 15 in. (381 mm) wide of level walking surface, measured from the inside edge of the pool top rail to the outside of the pool walk-around and shall be fitted with a fence consistent with the requirements of Article 10. (See Figure 12.)

11 Aboveground/onground swimming pool circulation components and related equipment

11.1 A circulation system consisting of pumps, hoses, tubing, piping, return inlets, suction outlets, filters, and other related equipment that provide for circulation of water throughout the pool shall be located as to prevent their being used as a means of access to the pool by young children. (See the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs.)

11.1.1 Draining the system. In climates subject to freezing, circulation system equipment shall be designed and fabricated to drain the pool water from the equipment, together with exposed piping, by removal of drain plugs and manipulating valves or by other methods. Refer to manufacturer’s instruction for specific information on draining the system.

11.1.2 Turnover. The equipment shall be sized to provide a turnover of the pool water at least once every 12 hours. The system shall be designed to give the proper turnover rate based on the manufacturer’s specified maximum flow rate of the filter, in clean media condition of the filter.

11.1.3 Water clarity. Water clarity shall be maintained. Clarity is a function of proper filtration and maintenance of proper chemical operational parameters. (See Appendix A.) When standing at the pool’s edge at the deep end, the deepest portion of the pool floor shall be visible.

11.1.4 Accessibility for inspection. Circulation system components that require replacement or servicing shall be accessible for inspection, repair, or replacement and shall be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

11.1.5 Circulation equipment shall be installed per manufacturer’s instructions to provide proper mounting and support, to prevent damage from misalignment, settlement, and vibration, and to minimize the potential for the accumulation of debris and moisture.

11.2 Water velocity

11.2.1 Water velocity. The water velocity in the pool piping shall not exceed 8 ft (2.44 m) per second for both suction and pressure piping, and shall comply with the latest published edition of ANSI/ APSP-7 Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Catch Basins.

11.3 Piping and fittings. The circulation system composed of hoses, tubing, piping, and fittings, shall be considered to be process piping and shall be made of non-toxic material and able to withstand operating at 1½ times the rated pressure of the pump.

11.3.1 The suction piping shall not collapse when there is complete shutoff of flow on the suction side of the pump.

11.4 Filters

11.4.1 Filters. Swimming pool filters shall be rated for the operating pressure of the circulation system.

11.4.2 Filters shall be designed so that after cleaning per manufacturer’s instructions, the system can provide the water clarity noted in Section 11.1.3 and Appendix A.

11.5 Internal pressure. Pressure-type filters shall provide an automatic internal or a manual external means to relieve accumulated air pressure inside the tank. Filter tanks composed of upper and lower tank lids that are held in place by a perimeter clamp shall provide a slow and safe release of air pressure before the clamp disengages the lids.

11.5.1 Any filter incorporating an automatic internal air relief as its principal means of air release shall have a means to provide a slow and safe release of pressure as a part of its design.

11.5.2 As a part of its design, any separation tank used in conjunction with any filter tank shall have a manual means of air release or a means to provide a slow and safe release of pressure as it is opened.

11.5.3 Instructions. Pressure filters shall have operation instructions permanently installed on the filter. Filters with manual air release shall include a precautionary statement or warning not to start up the system without first opening the air release. The statement shall be visible and noticeable within the area of the air release.

11.6 Filter tanks shall be designed for a pressure equal to the rated head of the pump with a minimum 4:1 safety factor.

11.7 Pressure or vacuum gauge. A pressure or vacuum gauge or other means of indicating system conditions shall be provided in the circulation system in an easily readable location.

11.8 Pumps

11.8.1 Swimming pool pumps shall be tested and certified by a nationally recognized testing laboratory in accordance with the latest published edition of ANSI/UL 1081, Standard for swimming pool pumps, filters and chlorinators effective at the date of manufacture of the pump.

11.8.2 Horsepower rating. Pump horsepower rating and labeling shall not exceed the brake horsepower of the motor.

11.8.3 A pump and motor shall be provided for circulation of the pool water. Performance of all pumps shall meet or exceed the conditions (if applicable) of flow required for filtering and cleaning the pool against the total dynamic head developed by the complete system. System flow shall not exceed the filter manufacturer’s maximum flow rate.

11.8.4 With all pressure filter systems, a cleanable strainer or screen shall be provided upstream of the circulation pump(s) to remove solids, debris, hair, lint, etc.

11.8.5 Pump(s) and motor(s) shall be accessible for inspection and service as per manufacturer’s specifications.

11.8.6 The design and construction of the pump(s) and its component parts shall provide safe operation that is not hazardous to the operator or maintenance personnel.

11.8.7 Where a mechanical pump seal is provided, components of the seal shall be corrosion-resisting and capable of operating under conditions normally encountered in pool operation.

11.9.3 When surface skimmers are used as the sole outlet system, at least one surface skimmer shall be provided for each 800 sq. ft. (74 m2) or fraction thereof of the water surface area. When skimmers are used, they shall be located to optimize skimming action over the surface of the pool.

11.9.4 Skimmers shall be equipped with a vent to serve as a vacuum break.

11.9.5 When surface skimmers are used to provide only a fraction of the outlet system flow, they shall be considered to cover only that fraction of the 800 sq. ft. (74 m2) as defined in 11.9.3.

11.10 Return inlets and suction outlets

11.10.1 The circulation system shall be designed to accommodate 100 percent of the turnover flow rate and shall conform to the residential requirements of the latest published edition of ANSI/ APSP-7 Suction entrapment avoidance for swimming pools, wading pools, spas, hot tubs, and catch basins.

11.10.2 Suction outlets and return inlets shall be provided and arranged to produce a uniform circulation of water and maintain the distribution of sanitizer residual throughout the pool.

11.10.3 When submerged suction outlets are used, they shall conform to the requirements of the latest published edition of ANSI/ APSP-16, Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs, in accordance with the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act of 2008.

11.10.4 Timing/electronic and related devices. The circulation system shall be capable of maintaining water clarity and water chemistry requirements. Time clocks and/or other related devices are permitted to set the operating period of the circulation devices.

11.8.8 Motor(s) shall be capable of operating the pump(s) under full load with a voltage variation of ±10 percent from the nameplate. The nameplate Full Load Amps (FLA) shall not be exceeded by more than 10 percent.

11.8.9 There shall be an easily accessible means of shut-off of the suction and discharge lines for maintenance and removal of the pump.

11.9 Surface skimmer systems

11.9.1 Any surface skimming system provided on aboveground/ onground residential swimming pools shall be designed and constructed to skim the pool surface when the water level is maintained between the minimum and maximum fill level of the pool.

11.9.2 Skimming devices shall be designed and installed so as not to constitute a hazard to the user.

11.10.5 When appurtenant devices such as chemical/sanitizer feeders, heaters, and other devices are used, they shall be electrically tied into a timing or electronic device (where applicable) when they are dependent upon circulation pump flow. See manufacturer’s specifications.

11.11 Heaters

11.11.1 This section pertains to appliances using either fossil fuels such as natural gas, propane (LPG), #2 fuel oil, or electric heating equipment for heating pool water.

11.11.2 Heaters shall be tested and shall comply with the requirements of the latest published edition of ANSI Z21.56a - Gas fired pool heaters and/or the latest published edition of ANSI/UL 1261, Electrical water heaters for pools and tubs. Heat pumps shall comply with the latest published edition of ANSI/UL 1995, Standard for heating and cooling equipment and shall be accepted by a recognized testing facility.

11.11.3 Owner/operator shall routinely check the in-pool water to ensure that the temperature does not exceed 104 °F (40 °C). If adjustments are necessary, those adjustments shall be performed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions or by a qualified technician.

11.11.3.1 Sizing. For efficient and economical operation, it is important that the heater be properly sized. Determine the proper size heater by first determining the area of the swimming pool in square feet. Then select from the manufacturer’s charts the heater that is properly sized for that particular pool.

11.11.3.2 Installation. The heater(s) shall be installed in accordance with all federal, state, and local codes as well as the manufacturer’s recommendations.

11.11.3.3 Support. Heaters shall be installed on a surface with sufficient structural strength to support the heater when it is full of water and operating. The heater shall be level after plumbing, gas, and/or electrical connections are completed.

11.11.3.4 Combustible surfaces. If a heater requires a noncombustible surface per the manufacturer, it shall be placed on a cement surface or other accepted surface per the latest published edition of ANSI Z21.56a, Gas fired pool heaters or as per federal, state, or local codes.

11.11.3.5 Clearances. When installing a heater, adequate clearances shall be maintained on all sides and over the top of the unit. Consult a manufacturer’s instructions for proper clearance.

11.11.3.6 Ventilation. The heater shall have adequate ventilation in order to ensure proper operation in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

11.11.3.7 Makeup air. When installing a fossil fuel heater indoors, proper openings to the room are a necessity. The heater shall be installed in accordance with federal, state, or local codes and the manufacturer’s specifications.

11.11.4 Heating energy source

11.11.4.1 Natural gas energy supply. The heater gas supply piping shall comply with manufacturer’s specifications and the latest published edition of NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code.

11.11.4.2 Important Safety Note: Install a gas cock, properly sized and readily accessible outside the jackets, to stop the flow of natural gas at the heater for service or emergency shutdown.

11.11.5 Propane energy supply. Whenever a propane (LPG) appliance is installed, special attention shall be given to ensure that the storage tank, supply piping, and regulator shall be adequately sized to ensure operating fuel pressures as specified by the appliance manufacturer. Consult the fuel supply company and ensure that the system is installed in accordance with the most recent edition of NFPA 54 and the latest published edition of ANSI/NFPA 58 Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases.

11.11.5.1 Important Safety Note: Propane gas is heavier than air and therefore can create an extreme hazard of explosion or suffocation if the heater is installed in a pit or enclosed area. The latest published edition of NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, and NFPA 58, contain a provision to install valves and other controls in pits and similar areas.

11.11.5.2 Important Safety Note: Install a gas cock, properly sized and readily accessible outside the jacket, to stop the flow of propane (LPG) at the heater for service or emergency shutdown.

11.11.6 Electrical energy supply. Electric heating appliances shall be installed in accordance with the latest published edition of Article 680 of the National Electrical Code (NEC®) and any federal, state, or local codes.

11.11.6.1 Important Safety Note: Grounding and Bonding. To reduce the hazard of electrical shock, the requirements for grounding and bonding are particularly important and shall be adhered to.

11.11.6.1.1 Heater circulation system water flow through the heater, any bypass plumbing installed, any back-siphoning protection, and the use of CPVC Sch. 80, or heat sinks, or the equivalents shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and local codes.

11.11.7 Special consideration. When a manufacturer recommends that the heater be turned off prior to stopping the water flow, the use of mechanisms such as a “fireman’s switch” may be used. This device is used to turn the heater off before the pump is turned off to ensure that the heater cools off properly.

NOTE: The “fireman’s switch” does not protect against a manual override or a system shutdown in the event of power failure.

11.12 Heaters shall be located so as to prevent their being used as a means of access to the pool by young children and in accordance with the latest published edition of ANSI/APSP-8 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs.

12 Water supply

12.1 Treatment. The water supply serving the pool, which comes from a variety of sources, shall meet the requirements of Appendix A before the bather uses the pool.

12.2 Backflow. No direct mechanical connection shall be made between the potable water supply and the pool, sanitizing equipment, or the system of piping for the pool, unless it is protected against back-pressure in a manner approved by the state or local authority or through an air gap that complies with the latest published edition of ANSI/ASME A112.1.2, Air gaps in plumbing systems, or other equivalent means approved by the state or local authority.

13 Waste water disposal

13.1 Backwash water may be permitted to discharge into a sanitary sewer through an approved air gap, into an approved surface disposal system, or by other means approved by state or local authority.

14 Sanitizing equipment, oxidation equipment, UV light units, and chemical feeders

14.1 Compliance. When chemical feeders are used to add the sanitizing agent to the pool or spa water, the chemical feeders shall be capable of introducing a sufficient quantity of an EPA-registered sanitizing agent to maintain the appropriate residual concentrations.

14.1.1 Electrically operated chemical feeders, UV Light Units, and ozone generators shall be tested and approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.

14.2 Chemical feeders. Manufacturer’s specifications shall be used when installing and maintaining chemical feeders, and using the chemical compound specified by the manufacturer.

14.2.1 Chemical feed systems shall be installed so they cannot operate unless there is return flow to properly disburse the chemical throughout the pool as designed. If the device has an independent timer, the filter and chemical feed pump timers shall be interlocked.

14.2.2 Floating chemical dispensers shall not be used when bathers are in the pool.

14.3 Supplemental treatment equipment. The installation and use of ozone generating equipment shall conform to manufacturer’s specifications.

14.3.1 Supplemental treatment equipment shall be used in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer and other chemical treatments to meet the chemical operating parameters.

14.3.2 Manufacturer’s specifications shall be used to determine where and how these units shall be installed within the circulation system.

15 Electrical requirements

15.1 All electrical components installed in and/or adjacent to an aboveground/onground residential swimming pool shall be installed in accordance with and shall comply with the requirements of the latest published edition of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC®) Article 680, Swimming pools, fountains, and similar installations, and any state or local code. To apply the NEC’s interpretation of electrical requirements for pools, see 15.2.1 and 15.2.2.

15.2 Lighting, when installed, shall be in accordance with the latest published edition of NFPA 70, the National Electrical Code (NEC®) Article 680 and local codes.

15.2.1 The National Electrical Code defines a Storable Swimming or Wading Pool as a pool that is constructed on or above the ground and are capable of holding water to a maximum depth of 42 in. (1.07 m), or a pool with nonmetallic, molded polymeric walls or inflatable fabric walls regardless of dimensions.

15.2.2 The National Electrical Code defines Permanently Installed Swimming, Wading and Therapeutic Pools as pools that are constructed in the ground or partially in the ground, and all others capable of holding water in a depth greater than 42 in. (1.07 mm), and all pools installed inside of a building, regardless of water depth, whether or not served by electrical circuits of any nature.

15.3 Underwater lighting

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15.3.1 Submersible pool lighting to illuminate the water for the user shall comply with the latest published edition of NFPA 70, Articles 680.23 Underwater luminaires (Lighting Fixtures), 680.23(A) General, 680.23(A) (1), Luminaire (fixture) design, normal operation, 680.23(B) Wet-niche luminaires (fixtures), 680.23(C) Dry-niche luminaires (fixtures), and the latest published edition of UL676 Underwater Luminaires and Submersible Junction Boxes

15.3.2 Underwater lights having front access shall be installed and removed only with the use of tools.

15.4 Receptacles. Pool shall be located at a minimum

distance of 6 ft (1.83 m) from any receptacle, and all 125-volt 15- and 20-ampere receptacles located within 20 ft (6.0 m) of the pool shall be protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI), where distances are by measuring the shortest path the supply cord of an appliance connected to the receptacle would follow, without piercing a floor, wall, ceiling, doorway with hinged or sliding door, window opening, or other effective permanent barrier, to the inside wall of the pool.

Appendix A (Non-Mandatory)

Chemical Operational Parameters

This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022). It is included for information only.

These guidelines set forth the suggested operational parameters for the proper chemical treatment and maintenance of pools and spas. Applicable health department guidelines and label directions supersede these parameters. Chemical treatment alone will not produce sanitary pool and spa water. A filtration system in proper operational condition is also required to attain clear and sanitary water.

KEY

APSP-1 Public Inground Pools

NSPI-2 Public Spas

APSP-3 Residential Permanent Spas

APSP-4 Residential Aboveground/Onground Pools

A. SANITIZER LEVELS

1. Sanitizer Residual

APSP-5 Residential Inground Swimming Pools

APSP-6 Residential Portable Spas

IAF-9 Aquatic Recreation Facilities

APSP-11 Water Quality for Public Pools and Spas

A residual of an EPA-registered sanitizer shall be present at all times and in all areas of the pool or spa. One of the following EPA-registered sanitizer systems shall be used: chlorine; bromine; PHMB; or metal-based systems. EPA-registered pool and/or spa sanitizers and systems with EPA-accepted labels indicating chlorine levels outside of the ranges in this appendix must be used in accordance with the product manufacturer’s EPA-accepted label for use and/or operation requirements.

1. Free Chlorine, ppm

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 IAF-9 APSP-11

1.0 2.0−4.0 The U.S. EPA has established a maximum chlorine level of 4.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into the water. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of chlorine levels above 4.0 ppm.

NSPI-2 APSP-3 APSP-6 APSP-11

2.0 2.0−4.0 The U.S. EPA has established a maximum chlorine level of 5.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into spas. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of chlorine levels above 5.0 ppm.

Hot water/heavy use may require operation at or near maximum levels.

• Test kits are available for a variety of free chlorine ranges.

• Free chlorine test color (DPD) may be completely or partially bleached by chlorine levels greater than 5 ppm to give a false low reading.

For appropriate test kit, consult pool professional or test kit manufacturer. Regular oxidation is recommended and remedial practices may be necessary.

Public spas and swim spas: During hours of operation, test the water hourly, record the results, maintain the ideal range continu ally, and shock treat at the end of the daily use period.

Residential spas and swim spas: Maintain these levels continually during hours of operation. Test water before use. During extended use test water hourly. Shock treat water after use.

APSP-1

3. Total Bromine, ppm

NOTE: Refer to manufacturer’s product label for specific use concentrations. Use concentrations vary between different types of brominating compounds.

EPA-registered pool and/or spa sanitizers and systems with EPA-accepted labels indicating bromine levels outside of the ranges in this appendix must be used in accordance with the product manufacturer’s EPA-accepted label for use and/or operation requirements.

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

APSP-1 APSP-4 APSP-5 IAF-9 APSP-11

1.0 2.0–3.0 Residential pools 3.0–4.0 Public pools

NSPI-2 APSP-3 2.0 2.0–4.0 Residential spas

APSP-6 APSP-11 4.0–6.0 Public spas and swim spas

The U.S. EPA allows maximum bromine levels of up to 8.0 ppm for re-entry of swimmers into the water. However, state or local health codes may allow or require the use of bromine levels above 8.0 ppm.

• Hot water/heavy use may require operation at or near maximum levels.

• Public swimming pools require maintenance of higher total bromine residuals than residential pools.

• Regular oxidation is recommended.

Residential: During hours of operation, maintain these levels continually. Test water before use. During extended use test water hourly. Shock treat water after use.

Public: During hours of operation, maintain the ideal range continually. Test the water hourly and record results. Shock treat water after use.

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Certain classes of pool chemicals or treatment processes are incompatible with PHMB sanitizer. The pool or spa owner should consult with the supplier of PHMB if there is any question about compatibility of an auxiliary chemical or process. These include, but are not limited to:

• Chlorine/bromine sanitizers

• Copper-based algicides

• Monopersulfate (peroxymonosulfate) oxidizers

• Phosphate-based chelating (metal sequestering) agents and detergents

• Electrolytic chlorinators

• Metal-based ionizers When used with ozone, follow manufacturer’s directions. Consult pool professional or test kit manufacturer for appropriate test kit. Regular oxidation is recommended with a compatible oxidizer, such as hydrogen peroxide.

If pH is too low:

• rapid dissipation of sanitizer

• plaster and concrete etching

• eye discomfort

• corrosion of metals

• vinyl liner wrinkling

If pH is too high:

• low chlorine efficacy

• scale formation

• cloudy water

• eye discomfort

2. Total Alkalinity (Buffering) ppm as CaCO3*

Standard

All facilities 60 80–100 for calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, and sodium hypochlorite

180

If total alkalinity is too low:

• pH bounce

• corrosion tendency If total alkalinity is too high:

• cloudy water 60 100−120 for sodium dichlor, trichlor, chlorine gas, and bromine compounds

3. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ppm

180

• Increased scaling potential

• pH tends to be too high or to drift upward more rapidly. * These values are based on the alkalinity from bicarbonate and carbonate only. Alkalinity should be corrected to account for cyanuric acid when used (see APSP-11, Section A 7.5).

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments All facilities NA NA 1500 ppm greater than TDS at pool or spa start-up. (Start-up TDS includes source water TDS and any other inorganic salt added at start-up or later.)

An increase in TDS may indicate an accumulation of impurities during the course of operation. Excessively high TDS (excluding the amount of sodium chloride added) may lead to hazy water and scale formation and corrosion of fixtures, and may inhibit sanita tion. TDS can be reduced by partial draining and addition of fresh water. For spas: TDS should be periodically reduced by draining. (See Section K, Water Replacement Procedure.)

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•

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2. Bacteria

If algae growth is observed, recommendations may include but are not limited to:

• superchlorinate the pool or spa.

Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used.

• Use an EPA-registered algicide according to label directions.

• Supplement with brushing and vacuuming.

• Some algicides may cause foaming.

Public facilities: If bacteria count exceeds local health department requirements, superchlorinate and follow proper maintenance procedures. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used.

Residential facilities: Maintain proper sanitizer level and pH to control bacteria.

If stabilizer is too low: Chlorine residual is rapidly destroyed by sunlight. If stabilizer is too high: May reduce chlorine efficacy against algae and pathogens.

The effect of cyanuric acid on slowing the oxidation of organics, kill rates of bacteria, viruses, and algae has been demonstrated, primarily in controlled laboratory studies. However, no disease outbreaks linked to cyanuric levels in properly sanitized pools have been reported.

NOTE: Cyanuric acid is not recommended for indoor pools or spas where protection from sunlight is not necessary. Cyanuric acid does not stabilize bromine sanitizers.

2. Potassium Monopersulfate

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

APSP-1

APSP-4

APSP-5

IAF-9

APSP-11 NSPI-2 APSP-3

APSP-6 APSP-11

As needed Weekly

At the end of each day facility is used

Determined by bather load, weather conditions, etc.

Some high-use pools may require oxidation several times per week.

Regular oxidation is recommended to prevent the build-up of contaminants, maximize sanitizer efficiency, minimize combined chlorine and improve water clarity.

Potassium monopersulfate will measure as combined available chlorine in DPD test system.

Refer to test kit manufacturer’s directions.

Potassium monopersulfate should not be used to oxidize a pool or spa sanitized by PHMB.

3. Hydrogen Peroxide

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

All facilities Monthly As needed Determined by bather load, weather conditions, etc.

F. REMEDIAL PRACTICES

1. Superchlorination

Hydrogen peroxide should be used only with PHMB sanitizers. Hydrogen peroxide should not be used as an oxidizer for pools and spas sanitized by chlorine or bromine.

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

All facilities

Follow label directions. Use a registered chlorine sanitizer. Do not re-enter pool or spa until water meets the prescribed values in Section A. Do not superchlorinate a pool or spa treated by PHMB.

Some symptoms that may indicate a need for superchlorination are:

• cloudy water

• slime formation

• musty odors

• difficulty in maintaining a sanitizer residual

• algae and/or high bacteria counts

• eye irritation from chloramines

For fecal response guidelines, refer to http://www.cdc.gov/ healthywater/swimming/index.html

2. Superchlorination to establish breakpoint, dosage in ppm

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

APSP-1

NSPI-2

APSP-4

APSP-5 IAF-9

APSP-11

At least 10 times combined chlorine

High dosage may be required to satisfy chlorine demand. If com bined chlorine persists, water replacement should be considered. Superchlorination should not be performed when PHMB is used.

All facilities

Some conditions that may indicate a need for a shock or a shock oxidizer are:

• cloudy water

• difficulty in maintaining a sanitizer residual

• periods after heavy bather use

• adverse weather

Shock oxidizers are not sanitizers. They are effective in oxidizing organic contaminants. If the purpose is to treat bacteria or visible algae, an EPA-registered shock product should be used; follow label directions.

Spas should be shocked or shock-oxidized on a daily basis when used.

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White or pink-colored biofilms can infest the plumbing of PHMB pools and eventually spread onto pool surfaces. On other occasions, the biofilms will be hidden from view, but will cause a rapid decrease in hydrogen peroxide. Chlorine dioxide kills the peroxide-degrading organisms, but should be used only to treat the plumbing and not the pool itself. Follow label directions.

Nitrate ion is a nutrient for algae and a number of bacteria. Elevated algae and bacteria populations associated with elevated nitrate ion concentrations create a significant chlorine demand. Nitrate ion is at the highest oxidation state of nitrogen, and does not have a chlorine demand.

9. Phosphate

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

All facilities

Phosphate is an oxidized form of phosphorous. Phosphorous is a non-metallic element and an essential nutrient for all living organ isms, including bacteria and algae. Phosphate does not create a chlorine demand since the phosphate ion does not react with free chlorine. However, inadequate maintenance and sanitization can allow algae and bacteria to reproduce rapidly by using phospho rous as a nutrient. Under these circumstances, the multiplying algae or bacterial populations will cause chlorine demand.

G. TEMPERATURE

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

All facilities Personal preference 78–94°F (26–34°C) depending on pool type and use Up to 104°F (40 °C) depending on spa type and use

104°F (40°C)

If temperature is too low:

• bather discomfort

If temperature is too high:

• excessive fuel requirement

• increased evaporation

• bather discomfort

• increased scaling potential

• increased use of sanitizers

Overexposure to hot water may cause nausea, dizziness, and faint ing. The Consumer Product Safety Commission states: “Hot tub water temperatures should never exceed 104 degrees Fahrenheit.” Temperatures well below 104°F (40°C) are recommended for extended use (exceeding 10−15 minutes) or for pregnant women, people with certain medical conditions or medications, and for young children.

H. WATER CLARITY

Standard Minimum Comments

All facilities The deepest part of the pool or spa and/or main drain shall be visible and sharply defined.

Pools: Pool water shall be of a clarity to permit an 8 in. (203 mm) diameter black and white Secchi disc or main suction outlet (main drain) located on the bottom of the pool at its deepest point to be clearly visible and sharply defined from any point on the deck up to 30 feet (9.14 m) away in a direct line of sight from the disc or main drain.

Spas: The bottom of the spa at its deepest point shall be clearly visible.**

** This test shall be performed when the water is in a nonturbulent state and bubbles have been allowed to dissipate.

I. SUPPLEMENTAL SANITIZERS

1. Ozone: Concentration in air above pool or spa water, ppm

If water is turbid:

• sanitizer level may be low

• filtration/circulation system may require maintenance or increased run (filtering) time

• improper chemical balance (Section B)

• consult remedial practices (Section F)

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

All facilities

0.1 ppm over eight-hour timeweighted average and 0.3 ppm for any 15-minute period

• Serves as oxidizer of water contaminants.

• Ozone shall be used only in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer.

• Indoor installations should have adequate ventilation.

• When ozone is used for indoor installations, air monitoring is required.

See OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.

2. UV

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

All facilities As needed

J. OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL (ORP)

UV lamps shall be used only in conjunction with an EPA-registered sanitizer.

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

APSP-1

NSPI-2 IAF-9 APSP-11

When an ORP controller is used, it shall not be relied upon as a method for measuring the concentration of sanitizer in the water. The sanitizer level shall be measured with traditional wet chemical methods capable of detecting specific sanitizer residuals (e.g. DPD, N, N-diethyl-p-phenylene diamine for free available chlorine), to ensure that the minimum sanitizer residual is maintained. For PHMB-treated pools, levels for ORP values are not applicable. ORP reading may be affected by a number of factors including, but not limited to, pH, probe condition, cyanuric acid, sanitizer type, and supplemental oxidizers. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations.

K. WATER REPLACEMENT

Standard Minimum Ideal Maximum Comments

APSP-1

APSP-4

APSP-5 IAF-9

APSP-11

NSPI-2 APSP-3

APSP-6

APSP-11

The water should be drained and replaced at a rate of 7 gallons per bather.

It is recommended that regular water replacement be applied to pools, although certain circumstances may prohibit this practice (e.g., drought conditions) or make it unnecessary (e.g., supple mentary water treatments such as reverse osmosis to extract contaminants from the water). Evaporation loss will not remove contaminants; make-up water for evaporation loss should not be counted as water drained and replaced.

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Water in spas or hot tubs with high bather use requires partial or complete replacement of water periodically.

Water in spas or hot tubs with high bather use requires complete replacement of water per the replacement guidelines below.

Water replacement is necessary to dilute dissolved solids, to maintain water clarity, and to do necessary routine maintenance. Water replacement can be necessary even if water has been maintained properly. High bather use is defined as amount of bathers per day, not necessarily the amount of time each bather is in pool or spa.

Frequent water replacement is required to control TDS buildup from bathers and treatment chemicals: Residential: Drain and refill every three months with average use. More frequent water replacement is required for heavy use. Public: More frequent water replacement is required due to heavier bather loads.

This procedure provides guidelines on how to determine the frequency for which spa or hot tub water should be replaced.

Test the TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and calculate the WRI (Water Replacement Interval) to determine when a spa needs to be drained. Drain the spa completely, clean it thoroughly, and refill it with source water when either of the following conditions is met: 1. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the spa water exceeds the source-water TDS by 1,500 ppm or more, OR 2. The Water Replacement Interval (WRI) is less than or equal to the number of days since the last time the water was drained. WRI is calculated as shown in the formula and examples: WRI, days = (1/3) × (Spa Volume, U.S. Gallons) (No. Bathers/Day)

Example 1 The TDS of the original source water was measured and recorded to be 800 ppm. The TDS of the spa water now reads 2,500 ppm. The difference is greater than 1,500 ppm (2,500 ppm – 800 ppm = 1,700 ppm). Therefore, the spa should be drained immediately.

Example

L. TESTING FREQUENCY

All facilities The parameters for sanitizer, pH, clarity, and water tempera ture shall be met at all times. Exceptions: when shocking/ oxidizing the pool, when closed for the season, or similar activities.

Testing frequency shall be sufficient to ensure that the sanitizer, pH, clarity, and water temperature (spa) standards set forth in this document are met at all times.

Several factors will determine how often testing is required. Weather, water conditions, facility design, and bather load are the primary factors for determining how often pools and spas should be tested. Depending on the facility, testing may be required every one or two hours during operation.

Rain and wind will introduce materials to the water such as plant debris (leaves, pollen), dirt, airborne pollutants, and other con taminants that will decrease sanitizer concentrations and increase the likelihood of chloramines. Rain also tends to decrease pH and alkalinity readings. After a major rainstorm, sanitizer, pH, and alkalinity should be tested. Bathers introduce microorganisms and body oils that increase sanitizer demand. Bathers usually will cause a decrease in pH. If there is a high bather load, particularly in a spa, the sanitizer and pH should be checked more frequently.

M. AIR QUALITY

Standard

All facilities

All pools and their related components that are installed in an indoor environment shall comply with the ventilation requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality, Table 6-1, “Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone,” (Sports and Entertainment Section).

ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022)

Appendix B (Non-Mandatory)

Signage Warning Against Shallow Water Diving

This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022). It is included for information only.

Recommended methods to warn against shallow water diving may include but are not limited to:

A. Safety Signs

The use of a warning sign as a device to warn against shallow water diving is still an open question before the Human Factors Society and others as to whether or not signage is an effective means that will modify human behavior to prevent accidents.

If warning signs are chosen as a means to warn against shallow water diving, the signage should be in compliance with ANSI Z535 Series of standards for safety signs and colors or the latest revision.

B. Additional Signage Use

The ANSI Z535 Series of Standards reflects the consensus of vari ous experts on warning sign appearance and content. Signage that is consistent with the ANSI Z535 Standards is permitted to be added to components, equipment, facilities, or installations, to provide additional information.

Manufacturers are permitted to either affix additional signage to their products or packaging, or to supply the signage with the product to be affixed at the time of installation.

Safety Considerations and Warning Recommendations

This appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022). It is included for information only.

In addition to requirements established by the authority having jurisdiction, The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA) suggests that the builders/installers of swimming pools advise the initial owner/ operator of a public pool of the following.

Warning Recommendations: The PHTA suggests the builder/ installer advise the pool owner of the risk of drowning, especially for children under the age of five, and the risk of diving into shallow water in one or more of the following ways: verbally, through publications, or signage. The following are suggested recommendations:

Prevent Unsupervised Access to the Pool or Hot Tub. Apply multiple layers of protection to secure the pool and hot tub area and minimize the likelihood that anyone could gain unsupervised entry to the pool or hot tub. Multiple layers include:

• Non-climbable 4-sided fencing that is at least 4' high with self-closing, self-latching gates.

• Automatic locks and alarms on all doors (including pet doors) and windows that lead to the water.

• Pool and hot tub covers.

• Pool alarms.

• When children are not intended to be in the water, keep pool toys out of the water and out of sight.

• Keep chairs, tables and other items a child could climb on away from the pool or hot tub enclosure.

For detailed information on barriers, download Safety Barrier Guidelines for Residential Pools from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission website. (https://www.cpsc.gov)

Lifesaving Equipment: PHTA suggests that the builder/installer advise the pool owner/operator that basic lifesaving equipment including one or more of the following items should be on hand at all times:

• A light, strong, rigid pole not less than 12 feet (3.7 m) long

• A minimum 0.25 inch (6 mm) diameter throwing rope as long as 1.5 times the maximum width of the pool or 50 feet (15.2 m), whichever is less, which has been firmly attached to a Coast Guard-approved ring buoy having an outside diameter of approximately 15 inches (381 mm), or some other similar flotation device.

Safety Considerations for Pool Owner/Operators:

For additional safety information see www.PHTA.org.

This standard does not replace good judgment and personal responsibility. In permitting use of the pool by others, owners/ operators must consider the skill, attitude, training, and experi ence of the expected user. It is the pool owner/operator’s responsibility to learn, understand, and enforce these basic safety principles and rules:

• Encourage children to learn how to swim.

• Never allow diving, jumping, or sliding into shallow water.

• Adequate adult supervision is required when the pool is in use.

• Adequate adult supervision is always required when children are present.

• Encourage parents to learn CPR.

• Encourage children to never swim alone.

• Keep all electrical radios, speakers, and other appliances away from the swimming pool.

• Do not allow roughhousing and horseplay.

• Keep deck clean and clear of objects that may create a hazard.

• Keep all breakable objects out of the pool area.

• Alcohol consumption and pool activities do not mix. Never allow anyone to swim, dive, or slide under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

Do’s and Don’ts for Diving into swimming pools with manufactured diving equipment, diving rocks, and stationary diving platforms:

• Do know the shape of the pool bottom and the water depth before you dive or slide headfirst.

• Do plan your path to avoid submerged obstacles, surface objects, or other swimmers.

• Do learn headfirst entries using a progression from a certified instructor.

• Do know the depth of the water and the shape of the pool bottom before you dive. (The depth should be at least 9 feet deep, according to guidance from the American Red Cross.)

• Do dive straight ahead, never off to the side.

• Do hold your head up, arms up, and steer up with your hands.

• Do practice carefully before you dive or slide.

• Do test the diving board for its spring before using.

• Do remember that when you dive down, you must steer up.

• Do dive straight ahead, not off the side of the diving board.

• Don’t drink and dive.

• Don’t dive or slide headfirst in the shallow part of the pool.

• Don’t dive from any place that is not specifically designed for diving.

• Don’t ever dive head first into shallow water (5 feet/1.5 m or less).

• Don’t dive across the narrow part of the pool.

• Don’t run and dive.

• Don’t dive from any place that is not specifically designed for diving.

• Don’t engage in horseplay on diving or sliding equipment.

• Don’t use diving equipment as a trampoline.

• Don’t do a back dive.

• Don’t try fancy dives; keep the dives simple.

• Don’t dive or slide headfirst at or through objects such as inner tubes.

• Don’t put diving or sliding equipment on a pool that wasn’t designed for it.

• Don’t swim or dive alone.

• Don’t dive into unfamiliar bodies of water.

Rules for General Use of Swimming Pool Slides.*

Under all circumstances you should prohibit:

• All headfirst entry from slide.

• Horseplay.

• Any slide entries by non-swimmers into deep water, to protect them from drowning.

• Standing on the top of a slide or outside the guardrails.

• Jumping from a slide.

• Diving from a slide.

• Sliding into areas with submerged obstacles, surface objects, or other swimmers.

• Do not engage in extended breath holding activi- ties underwater

* Consult safe use instructions of the pool slide manufacturer.

Appendix D (Non-Mandatory)

English Standard-Metric Conversion Tables (Approximate Factors)

This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022). It is included for information only.

ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022)

Appendix E (Non-Mandatory)

Safety Brochures and Education Programs

This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022). It is included for information only.

Consumer awareness information is available on the following topics:

Children Aren’t Waterproof

Entrapment Avoidance Guidelines

Layers of Protection Start with You Plan Your Dive, Steer Up

Pool and Spa Emergency Procedures for Infants and Children

The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Aboveground/Onground Swimming Pool

The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Inground Swimming Pool

The Sensible Way to Enjoy Your Spa or Hot Tub

These brochures are published by the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, and are available at www.PHTA.org

Safety Education Programs and Materials

Educational programs and materials (i.e., seminars, workshops, brochures, videos, instructional guides, etc.) are available from PHTA, other aquatic safety groups, and private firms. As a means of communicating useful safety information to pool owners/ operators and users, industry members are permitted to provide such information to owners/operators and to request or require owners/operators to sign a statement that they have received, read, and will follow the guidelines.

Pool & Hot Tub Alliance

2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 500 Alexandria, VA 22314 www.PHTA.org

Alliance.Allrights reserved.

Appendix F (Non-Mandatory)

Sources of Material

This Appendix is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP/ICC-4 2012 (R2022). It is included for information only.

ANSI American National Standards Institute

25 West 43rd Street New York NY 10036 212-642-4900 www.ansi.org

APSP Association of Pool & Spa Professionals (formerly National Spa and Pool Institute) 2111 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria VA 22314 703-838-0083 www.apsp.org

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 3 Park Avenue New York NY 10016 212-591-8562 www.asme.org

ASTM ASTM Inter national (formerly American Society of Testing & Materials) 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 610-832-9585 610-832-9555 (fax) www.atsm.org

NEC National Electrical Code (see NFPA)

NFPA National F ire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park Quincy MA 02269 617-770-3000 www.nfpa.org

NSF NSF Inter national 789 N. Dixboro Rd. P.O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor MI 48113-0140 734-769-8010 www.nsf.org

NSPI National Spa and Pool Institute (ss APSP)

PHTA Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (formerly Association of Pool and Spa Professionals) 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 500 Alexandria VA 22314 703-838-0083 www.phta.org

UL Underwriters Laboratories 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook IL 60062-2096 847272-8800 www.ul.com

(Approved by the American National Standards Institute June 6, 2022)

Alliance.Allrights reserved.

Alliance.Allrights reserved.

Alliance.Allrights reserved.