DISCUSSION The journey through the evidence base for NFM, the barriers to its implementation and a survey of the skills of landscape architects brings us to answer the question ‘Is there a role for landscape architects in NFM?’ In short, there is, but how is that qualified?
In general, the literature examining NFM case studies and pilots does not spell out the professionals actually engaged in the projects. Based on the journals referred to in this literature search, one can assume the involvement of water engineers and hydrologists, and NFM projects may also require the expertise of natural scientists, social scientists and the local community itself. However, overall the literature is rather quiet on landscape architects taking a role in NFM. Contributions of landscape architects to NFM projects in the Netherlands are documented and from the author’s experience it seems that there are landscape architects focussing their efforts on NFM within the Environment Agency.
Through this literature review, it is possible to describe a unique planning, design and coordination role in NFM, by listing a number of relevant skills and qualities: •
Strategic landscape planning skills
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Ability to design for spatial coherence and temporal change
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Understanding of the legal frameworks
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Understanding of the social and cultural aspects of landscape
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Appreciation for the quality and character of landscape
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Strong communication, facilitation and public participation skills
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Ability to coordinate landowners, other professionals, authorities and communities and build partnerships where appropriate
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Ability to see synergies
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Ability to use and understand terminology used by other professionals and stakeholders
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Understanding of agri-economics and the impact of agri-environmental policies
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Ability to apply a multifunctional approach to land use and an understanding of ecosystem services and natural capital
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