Spanish Lawn Bowls 2013 by The Leader

SPANISH NATIONAL

lawn bowls championships

2013

2012 winners - photo courtesy of Carl Eagle

11th-25th MAY 2013 QUESADA•VISTABELLA•EL RANCHO SAN LUIS•GREENLANDS•LA SIESTA

SPANISH NATIONAL LAWN BOWLS CHAMPIONSHIPS 2013 3

Message from the FEB President

“

I am grateful to each to each and everyone of you that have contributed to the celebration of this year’s SPANISH LAWN BOWLS CHAMPIONSHIPS, organisers, sponsors and participating players

”

t is an enormous honour, and a pleasure for me to be able to write to all the bowls fraternity each year, because with each day that passes your speciality undoubtedly becomes more rooted in our wonderful Country. Once again we have the Spanish Nationals which are to be held in the incomparable Valencian Community, specifically in the Torrevieja area. The organisers, sponsors, as well as the competitors in this important National event will not disappoint anybody, as they all appreciate the seriousness, ability and good organisation from everybody that takes part in this event. Everybody knows that we are in a difficult period for Spanish sport, as it also is for the Country in general, but within the Bowling fraternity, with our aspirations,

strength and unity, although financial resourses are less than in previous years, we will still be able to go forward with all our Competitions, because it is precisely when there are difficulties, that people grow in stature. As Marco Tulio Cicerón, the Roman philosopher said “ the greater the difficulty, the greater the glory” As each year, I am grateful to each and everyone of you that have contributed to the celebration of this year’s SPANISH LAWN BOWLS CHAMPIONSHIPS, organisers, sponsors, and participating players, for your collaboration with the FEDERACIÓN ESPAÑOLA DE BOLOS. Have a good tournament and my best wishes for success to all of you.José Luis Boto Álvarez President F.E.B.

MESSAGE FROM THE VALENCIAN DELEGATE

outh Alicante is, once again, proud to be the host of this year’s Championships, which I am sure we will all enjoy, as it is an opportunity to have the best competitive bowling, and to renew our friendship with other bowlers who we may not see a lot during the rest of the year. Within our Region our membership has increased yet again, and we now have 513 Federated members, which is a 10% increase on the numbers at the start of last year, and, for this, I must thank all the Fed. Reps. for working so hard to achieve it. This, in part, has resulted in an increased entry for this year’s Championship, which has made it difficult to fit in all the games within the time available, which, in a way, is a good sign, as it endorses the popularity of the event. Later this year, the European Team Championships will be held in our area, and I do hope everybody will do their best to attend it to show the rest of Europe how enthusiastically we support our game. I hope to meet as many of you as i can during this Championship, and wish every one of you the best of luck!

Bob Donnelly.

WELCOME TO THE NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS I

t gives me great pleasure to welcome all competitors to the Spanish National Lawn Bowls Championships 2013, in the South Alicante region. This is my third full National Championships as National Director and Chairman of the Championship Committee, the role and the responsibilities of running the championships, would not be possible without a diligent committee with you, therefore I would like to thank all of the competition committee, for the way they have carried out their duties and this year we went International, with Dominic Mills arranging the schedule from the U.S.A. Thanks also goes to the owners and committees of the venue clubs this year, El Rancho, Greenlands, La Siesta, Quesada, San Luis and Vistabella. As always I thank in advance the CBUMA for arranging the umpires, under the supervision of their Chairman Barry Norris.

I also would like to thank the companies that have taken the time, and contributed funds to sponsor these Championships for us, without them it would be difficult to run, also thanks to Jackie Breslin for the contact he has made with these companies. My thanks also goes to THE LEADER newspaper, for their continued support of our National Championships, and our domestic bowling in general. I pay tribute to the FEB in the name of National President- Jose Luis Boto Alvarez, for his continued support, to myself and the game of Lawn Bowls in general. All that is left for me to say, is to all competitors, please enjoy the National Championships of 2013, and be happy in the sport we all love. John Muldoon National Director Lawn Bowls Spain

The Spanish National Championship Committee John Muldoon

Dominic Mills

Jackie Breslin

Bob Donnelly

Chairman I came to live in Spain in 2004, and joined Quesada Bowls Club, previous to this I bowled in both Scotland and England for many years and played at County level in both countries. In 2005 I successfully completed trials and became a member of the Spanish International squad, where I represented my adopted country on many occasions. In the early part of 2010 I resigned from the International scene, and after 30 years of bowling decided to put something back to a sport that has been good to me. I therefore applied and was successful in being appointed the National Director of Bowls in Spain. In this position I now chair the National Championships committee, and may I take this opportunity to wish all competitors a successful and enjoyable tournament.

Competition Secretary I moved to Spain in 2004 and started

been possible.

Sponsorship Coordinator I moved to Spain 17 years ago from Scotland where I bowled to a good standard, winning various club championships and helping Edinburgh to win the Scottish Indoor Cup. Held most committe positions for club and county. Ran Albir Bowls Club for 6 years before moving south and joining Quesada, where I am very happy. In 2008 won 2 national titles and also my second Federation Pairs title, have been a Spanish International for about 5 years and have been very fortuneate to have represented Spain in 2 European Championships in Cyprus, Atlantic Rim in South Africa and the Tiger Bowls in Hong Kong and China and this year‘s Cyprus 4 Nations. Looking forward to a good Nationals and wish all players the very best of luck.

Committee Member I have now lived in Spain for 26 years, firstly in Malaga Province, and then for the last 17 years in the Torrevieja area. I joined Greenlands in 2000, where I was a member for 11 years, during which time I served as Captain on 4 occasions. In 2010 I was invited to be the Regional Delegate for the Federation, a post I am still occupying today. In 2011 I moved to San Miguel, my present Club, and, before I knew it, I was talked into standing for Captain again! Because of the enjoyment I get from bowling I am pleased to be able to give something back to the sport, as people in the past did for me when I first decided to play the game. This is my fifth time on the Committee, and I am confident that this year will be one of the best ever Nationals and a tournament to remember.

Deidre Leeming

Derek Sale

Veronica Sale

The National Director would like to thank Anne Eagle and Lee Sinclair for all their help and hard work in arranging the National Championship Draw.

bowling late in that year at San Miguel where I have bowled ever since. I have been very fortunate to have had the help of many fine bowlers from the club and a few titles have come my way including the Valencian Triples title, many thanks to my partners, Alex McNeil and Stuart Denholm. I was fortunate enough to join the Spanish Squad in 2006 and have had many wonderful experiences including going to Hong Kong and China last year and playing against the Welsh National side this year. I would like to thank Lee Sinclair and Ann Eagle for the assistance they have given me in organising this Championship. Without their help none of this would have

Singles winners 2012, June Jones and Russell Marks. Photo C.Eagle

Committee Member I began my bowling career in 1987 in the U.K., after many years as a Netballer. As Ladies’ Club Captain I was successful in leading our club to two League Championships and also winning a Singles Championship on grass. On retiring to Spain in 2002 with my husband Ken, we joined Quesada Bowls Club, where we both served on the Committee. I have served both as Captain and Secretary and I have been the Federation Representative, which has led me, to become Treasurer of Lawn Bowls Spain and currently Secretary and Treasurer of this year’s Spanish Nationals. In 2011 I qualified as an Instructor under the National Coaching Scheme. I am privileged to have won the club Ladies Singles title and in 2011 I was delighted to win the Spanish Nationals as a skip of the Ladies Rinks. Bowls has brought me many happy hours. It is a great sport to keep fit and enjoy the company of many good friends.

Committee Member My bowling career started in the U.K. in 1984. Over the next twenty years I played to a high standard winning both indoor and outdoor club and county titles. In 2002 I represented Bedfordshire in the pairs and rinks at the Mens National Championships at Worthing. We bought a holiday apartment in Spain in October 2005 visiting during the winter months. On moving to Quesada in 2007 I joined the bowls club. In 2011 I was a winner in the National Rinks and finalist in the National Triples. The following year, 2012, I was a winner in the National Triples. I enjoy my bowls and try to give new bowlers encouragement to carry on after coaching lessons. Wishing all competitors a good tournament.

Committee Member My father was a good bowler which is really what got me interested in the sport and he was delighted when Derek and I decided to take up the game. We didn’t let him down! I have held club and county committee positions, being Indoor County President for Hertfordshire 1996/97. I followed this by being Herts Indoor Ladies Secretary for six years. During 1998 – 2004 I played in the Ladies National Championships at Leamington in singles, pairs, rinks, Champion of Champions and club events. Since playing in Spain I have won several club competitions and a National title in the rinks in 2011. Good luck to everybody at the National Championships this year.

Rules and Conditions of Play FINALS OF THE SPANISH NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS The dates for these Championship Finals will be between Saturday 11th MAY and Saturday 25th MAY 2013.

CLUB COLOURS, or WHITE Shirts, may be worn providing ALL Members of a Team wear the same. (N.B. : This does NOT apply to Club Jackets, or Fleece Jackets, which may be worn at the discretion of each Player)

The Controlling Body for these Championships will be the Federation Committee in Alicante Province who will work under the Tournament Rules and Conditions specified in this proposal.

FINAL: In the final it is required that a whole team should wear the same type of Clothing unless a medical condition dictates otherwise e.g. ALL should wear Shorts, Trousers or Skirts as appropriate with White Tops, or Tops in “official” Club Colours. FOOTWEAR: Must be smooth-soled, without heels, designed for Bowling and be World Bowls Approved. Sandals, and other open Shoes, must have a backstrap.

VENUES FOR FINALS (Directions and Accommodation) Directions to each club can be obtained from the Controlling Body if required. QUALIFICATION & REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY Entry is open to Spanish Nationals, and nonNationals who have a current Spanish Residents Permit or Certificate, hold a Spanish Social Security Work Permit or persons who have been resident in Spain for at least 6 months in total of the 12 months prior to the first day of the Championship Finals.

NOT PERMISSIBLE AT ANY TIME: Footwear other than that specified, Jogging Bottoms or Track Suit Bottoms, Shorts or cropped Trousers with “draw strings”, toggles or large outside patch pockets on the legs except as sold by recognised suppliers of Bowls Clothing.

Each Player must be a fully paid-up Member of a Club affiliated to the Federacion Española de Bolos (F.E.B.).

SUBSTITUTES & REPLACEMENTS: The appropriate Laws of Bowls shall apply but NO substitute or replacement is permissible in the Singles Competitions.

In Team Events, Players in a Team must, at the time of the entry, be Members of the same Club and have their Federation Membership with the same Club.

For the purposes of this competition the team entered into the draw will be deemed the “substantive team” and any change made to this line up will be deemed a substitution.

Any Player failing to turn up for an Event, or not completing a round without a reason acceptable to the Competition Committee, will not be eligible to enter the 2014 Provincial or National Championships.

Substitutes will be permitted to play in any position. The Controlling Body will decide on the suitability of any substitute,

stipulated times. No other access will be permitted to competing Players during the course of the Tournament. It is the responsibility of Players to appraise themselves of Start Times, and any changes in the playing schedule, which is subject to continuous development at the sole discretion of the Controlling Body. ALL Players are asked to arrive 30 minutes before the scheduled start time of any Game. Any Player arriving more than 15 minutes after the scheduled, or re-scheduled start time of a Game, will be disqualified. BOWLS: ALL Bowls must conform with Laws 1.4.3, 8.1.9 and 8.2.3 STICKERS FOR BOWLS: Please note that Law 8.1.8. (covering the use of "stick-on" markings will be applied in full) and the Competition Committee may provide Stickers. This means: - There should be only one such marking fixed to either side of the Bowl. They should not be put over the World Bowls Stamp and Bowls Ref No. The Bowls of ALL Players within a Team shall have the same "Stickers". VISITS TO THE HEAD: There will be no restriction placed upon visits to the head However umpires retain the right to take action in case of what they consider to be deliberate time wasting.Except in singles play visiting the head will only be permitted after the delivery of the second bowl by both players.

The Controlling Body retains the right to refuse entry to the Competition, or to disqualify any Player from the Competition, for breaches of the Laws of the Game or the Championship Rules and Conditions.

No Player can be considered as a substitute or replacement if they have played in previous rounds of the discipline concerned, have been disqualified from any discipline in the current Championships or have been refused entry to the Competition.

TIME WASTING & CONCESSION OF GAMES: It is essential that ALL Players understand that, with the large programme of Games, their co-operation is required. Therefore, if the appointed Officials consider any Player is wasting time, they may take any action they consider to be necessary to remedy the situation.

OTHER RULES AND CONDITIONS OF PLAY DRESS CODE :- (to be strictly enforced at all times by the Controlling Body)

PRACTICE SESSIONS, PLAYING SCHEDULE & LATENESS: Players will only be able to practice on Greens being used for the Championships at the

ALL games must be played to a conclusion except when a game cannot be won when it must be conceded.

UMPIRES AND MARKERS: Umpires will be provided by the Costa Blanca Umpires and Markers Association. Competent, volunteer Markers will be be appointed by the CBUMA for the first round of each day but thereafter losing singles players must make themselves available to mark a subsequent game if required. MOBILE TELEPHONES: All Players and Spectators are asked to turn off Mobile telephones during Play. COACHES: An "Accredited Coach" of a Player/Team must be registered with the Spanish Bowling Coaching Scheme (S.B.C.S). If they wish to have any contact with a Player / Team during the course of any Game in the National Finals, they must advise the Competition Committee prior to the event who will advise the Umpire(s) at each relevant location. A Coach must seek permission from the Umpire before approaching any Player(s). They will not be permitted more than FOUR approaches during the course of any Game and the maximum time period of each approach must not exceed ONE minute. This will ensure there is no time wasting and possible aggravation to other Bowlers. If the Umpire and / or Controlling Body believes any Coach is in breach of the Tournament Rules the privilege to liaise with their Player (s) will be withdrawn. POINTS NOT PROVIDED FOR Any point not provided for in the above Rules and Conditions of Play will be decided by the Controlling Body, or the Emergency Committee thereof, whose decision will be final. Any alterations to the Rules and Conditions may be made by the Controlling Body, if necessary, in the event of unforeseen circumstances.

Sponsored by

Ladies’ Roll of Honour CLUB

SINGLES

WINNER

1994 1995 1996 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Almería Málaga North Alicante Málaga South Alicante Málaga North Alicante South Alicante Málaga North Alicante South Alicante South Alicante North Alicante South Alicante Malaga South Alicante * South Alicante South Alicante

Joan Simmonds Dorrien Ives Teresa Stafford Crystal Toleman Sheila Stead Teresa Stafford Dot North Val Sherry Mary Potter Sheila Stead Erica Hooper Sheila Stead Ann Eagle P Rhodes Doreen Hall Val Sherry Val Sherry June Jones

El Cid Los Amigos El Cid La Siesta La Siesta El Cid Benitachell San Luis Santa Mária Greenlands Santa Maria Greenlands San Miguel La Siesta Cabrera San Luis San Luis Emerald Isle

PAIRS

YEAR VENUE

1994 1995 1996 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Almería Málaga North Alicante Málaga South Alicante Málaga Málaga South Alicante Málaga North Alicante South Alicante South Alicante North Alicante South Alicante Malaga South Alicante * South Alicante South Alicante

Joan Simmonds / Teressa Stafford Dorothy Nuttall / Christine Sims Joan Simmonds / Teresa Stafford Dorothy Nuttall / Christine Sims Mavis Dugdale / Teresa Stafford Isabel Nielson / Joan Whitton Mavis Dugdale / Judith Pursey Sheila Stead / Margaret Hern Wendy Latham / Mary Shanks Maggie Lawley / Feli Croft Chris Evans / Sheri Fletcher Chris Evans / Sheri Fletcher Ann Eagle / Sabrina Marks Shirley Verity / Sheila Cammack Judy Abel / Doreen Hall Russell Marks / Sabrina Marks Ann Eagle / Sabrina Marks Ann Eagle / Sabrina Marks

El Cid Miraflores El Cid Miraflores El Cid Superbowl El Cid Greenlands La Marina Benitachell Javea Javea San Miguel Country Bowls Cabrera San Miguel San Miguel San Miguel

Tony Pilling / Crystal Toleman / Bill Toleman Maureen Baillie / Kate Morris / Patsy Fisher Joan Moss / Sheila Heitman / Evelyn Spencer Maureen Keir / Shirley Whitehead / Pat Fung On Dorothy Nuttal / Daphne Steel / Pamela Murch Kate Morris / Audrey Curtis / Patsy Fisher Dot North / Wendy Symonds / Maureen How Dot North / Wendy Symonds / Maureen How Bert Campbell / Daphne Steel / Kevin Bagnall Nick Cole / Pam Cole / John Sullivan Sally Lewington /Peta Fraser /Crystal Tolman Lynne Greenland / Margaret Hinchliffe / Angie Goodfellow Margaret Bunbury / Chris Evans / Sheri Fletcher Margaret Bunbury / Gail Chick / Sheri Fletcher Mary Detheridge / Angie Knight / Marjorie Johns J Colquhoun / J Dando / D Colquhoun A Holland / P Lockett / J Jones Gina Streeter / Sally Cordell / Sandra Burrows

La Siesta Superbowl Javea Green Cabrera Santa Mária Superbowl Benitachell Benitachell Superbowl Mijas La Siesta Greenlands Javea Green Javea Green Superbowl Indalo Emerald Isle Emerald Isle

Audrey Hornby / Marjorie Cox / Sally Jack / Betty Duckett Marie C. Foletti / Marion Wilson / Kate Shields / Jean Taylor Penny Pym / Dot North / Sheila Harris / Angela Watson Jim Sweeney / Bill Sheen / Ken Ratcliffe / Bill Young Dorothy Nuttal / Daphne Steel / Pamela Murch / Harriet Foxwell Dot North / Feli Croft / Maureen How / Angela Watson Dot North / Feli Croft / Laura Shacklady / Maureen How Enid Chapman / Ann Fowles / Val Wright / Joyce Tovey Jimmy Chalmers / Kate Morris / Richard Jones / Geoff Lewis Pam Cole / Ron Cole / Nick Cole / John Sullivan Ann Horswell /Maureen Jackson /Carol Rudge / Val Sherry Margaret Bunbury / Joan Moss / Chris Evans / Sheri Fletcher Margaret Bunbury / Joan Moss / Chris Evans / Sheri Fletcher C Meare / W Symond / C Evans / M Lawley Maureen Barrett / Carole Cornwell / Pat Fisher / Shirley Owen B Duff / S Pearson / R Pollock / R White D Leeming / D Lawton / G Watson / V Sale Jill Parker / Jan Pocock / Eve Blythe / Diane Lawton

First Lawn Superbowl Benitachell La Marina Santa Mária Benitachell Benitachell Quesada Superbowl Mijas Emerald Isle Javea Green Javea Green Benitachell Superbowl Emerald Isle Quesada Greenlands

FOURS

TRIPLES

(1993, 1994, 2003 & 2004 were Open) 1994 1995 1996 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(1993, 1994, 2003 & 2004 were Open) 1994 Almería 1995 Málaga 1996 North Alicante 1997 Málaga 1999 South Alicante 2000 Málaga 2001 Málaga 2002 South Alicante 2003 Málaga 2004 North Alicante 2005 South Alicante 2006 South Alicante 2007 North Alicante 2008 South Alicante 2009 Malaga 2010 South Alicante * 2011 South Alicante 2012 South Alicante Please Note:

1998 Championships were not contested. * 2010 Mixed sex competition

SPANISH NATIONAL LAWN BOWLS CHAMPIONSHIPS 2013 23

Men’s Roll of Honour CLUB

1994 1995 1996 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Ron Bisset John Young Harry Winfield Derek Shemmings Alan Blyth Ron Player Nick Cole Tony Pilling John Young Nick Cole Keith Jones Keith Jones Nick Cole Tony McKenna Mark Naylor Keith Jones Keith Jones Russell Marks

Superbowl Santa Mária Benitachell Miraflores La Siesta San Miguel Mijas La Siesta Santa Maria Mijas San Miguel Lemon Tree Belamadena Albir Indalo Emerald Isle Emerald Isle San Miguel

1994 1995 1996 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Almería Málaga North Alicante Málaga South Alicante Málaga Málaga South Alicante Málaga North Alicante South Alicante Málaga North Alicante South Alicante Malaga South Alicante* South Alicante South Alicante

Harry Kinloch / Norman Robertson Cliff Whitehead /Clive Brindle Harry Winfield / Mick Adams Norman Robertson / Terry Fox John Dugdale / Terry Walsh Hadyn Parker / Norman Robertson David Poole /Alex Fisher Malcolm Roberts / John Sullivan John Withers / Allen Bowen Nick Cole / John Sullivan Keith Jones / Russell Marks Kevin Bloe / Mike Detheridge Murray Johns / Tony Frowd Tony McKenna / Jackie Breslin Andy Salmon / Alan Turner Russell Marks / Sabrina Marks Stuart Hemmings / A McNeil Ian Brown / Derek Randall

Santa Mária Cabrera Benitachell Santa Mária El Cid Santa Mária Javea Green Santa Mária Greenlands Mijas San Miguel Belamadena Mijas Albir Superbowl San Miguel San Miguel El Cid

Tony Pilling / Crystal Toleman / Bill Toleman Martin Shannon / Gordon Shields / Dennis Taylor Jim Sweeney / Norman Legg / Bill Young John Withers / Tony Pilling / Bill Toleman N. Harvey / Robert Carter / John Horobin Alan Smith / Alan Gamble / Terry Walsh Tom Finnigan / Dennis Humpleby / Terry Barrett David Poole / Brian Ainscow / Alex Fisher Bert Campbell / Daphne Steel / Kevin Bagnall Nick Cole / Pam Cole / John Sullivan Reg Cooper / Keith Jones / Russell Marks David Dean / Keith Jones / Sam Russell Len Rudge / Stuart Hemmings / Russell Marks Tony McKenna / A Sharp / Jackie Breslin Paul Abel / Ian Brewster / Derek Webb J Colquhoun / J Dando / D Colquhoun R Rawlings / E Shepherd / K Watson John Haigh / Derek Sale / Fred Roberts

La Siesta Superbowl La Marina La Siesta Quesada Javea Green Mijas Javea Green Superbowl Mijas San Miguel Lemon Tree San Miguel Albir Cabrera Indalo Emerald Isle Quesada

(1993, 1994, 2003 & 2004 were Open) 1994 Almería 1995 Málaga 1996 North Alicante 1997 Málaga 1999 South Alicante 2000 Málaga 2001 Málaga 2002 South Alicante 2003 Málaga 2004 North Alicante 2005 South Alicante 2006 North Alicante 2007 North Alicante 2008 South Alicante 2009 Malaga 2010 South Alicante* 2011 South Alicante 2012 South Alicante

Ron Bisset / David Thorne / Derek Curtis / Keith St. John Bryan Redington /Cliff Whitehead /Wally Kingaby /Clive Brindle Mike Parry / Roy Terry / Andy Nelson / Fred Harris Jim Sweeney / Bill Sheen / Ken Ratcliffe / Bill Young John Wright / Geoff Stafford / Terry Walsh / John Dugdale Malcolm Roberts / Brian Murch / Chic Young / Bill Nuttall John Ramage / David Meare / Alec Snedden / Alex Fisher John Sullivan / Brian Murch / Allan Carr / Malcolm Roberts Jimmy Chalmers / Kate Morris / Richard Jones / Geoff Lewis Pam Cole / Ron Cole / Nick Cole / John Sullivan Jim Sweeney / Ronnie Cairns / Fred Norris / Bill Young Tony Woods / Fred Simpson / Tony Cummings / Mike Rowlands Dean Tew / Geoff Weaver / Matt Tew / Mick Johnson D Moon / S Gregory / H Chick / B Manser Malcolm Greenwood / Sandy Guthrie / Ken McBride / Neil Marshall B Duff / S Pearson / R Pollock / R White F Wilshire / J Haigh / D Sale / B Pain Keith Jones / Colin Lindgren / Steve Pearson / Brian Duff

Superbowl Cabrera Benitachell La Marina El Cid Santa Mária Javea Santa Mária Superbowl Mijas La Marina Finca Guila Indalo Javea Benavista Emerald Isle Quesada Emerald Isle

FOURS

TRIPLES

SINGLES

WINNER

PAIRS

YEAR VENUE

Please Note:

1998 Championships were not contested. * 2010 Mixed sex competition.