REVIEW OF INDIAN LEGISLATION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

REVIEW
OF
INDIAN
LEGISLATION
FOR
PERSONS
WITH
DISABILITIES

ABSTRACT

TheDisabilityactsarenotabouttheenjoymentofspecificacts,asitisaboutensuringtheequalenjoymentofallhumanrights/actswithoutdiscriminationforPersons withdisabilities.TheConstitutionofIndiaprovidesequalrightstoitscitizenstoenjoytheirliferespectfullyandwalkwithdignityandIntegrity

PersonswithDisabilitiesareanintegralpartofsocietyandeachgovernmentputtheirinitiativestoincludepersonswithdisabilitiesinthemainstreamingsociety This istheresponsibilityofthegovernmenttotakecareofpersonswithdisabilitiesinrespectoftheireducation,vocationaltraining,employment,andotheraspectssothat theymaybeintegratedintoaninclusivesociety Therefore,thegovernmentisprovidingdifferenttypesofconcessions,reservations,andotherfacilitiestopersons/ childrenwithdisabilities.Thegovernmenthadimplementeddifferentlegislations,policies,andschemesfortheinclusionofpersonswithdisabilitiesintomainstream society ThereisvariousinformationtakenbytheGovernmenttoensuretherightsofpersonswithdisabilitiesincludingthePwDAct1995,NationalTrustAct1999, andRPwDAct2016.

Thisstudyfocusesontheawarenessofactsandlawsamongvariousprofessionals,parentsofPwDs,stakeholders,andthecommunityregardingthevariousprovisions andclausesforDisabledpersonsthatareavailableinIndia.TheselegislationsensurethatthePwDcanenjoytherighttoequality,lifewithdignity,andrespectfortheir integrityequallywithothers(RPwDAct-2016).ThelawsofdisabilitiesinIndianeedtobeunderstoodfromvariousperspectivesofdifferently-abledpersonsintheir attainmentofpersonaanddignity TheneedtounderstandandaddresstheissueofattitudinalbarrierssothattherightsofPersonswithdisabilityareupheld.

KEYWORDS:Disability,legislation,PersonswithDisability,RightsofPersonswithDisabilities,ConstitutionofIndia,PMI,PwDAct,NTAct,RCIAct,Inclusive education,Educationpolicy

INTRODUCTION

AftertheindependenceofIndiain1947theuseoflegislationandpoliciesarenot therefortheabledpersonsaswellintheprocessofmakingIndiaademographic countryfirstlyconstitutionofIndiaon26Nov1949cametoextensionforallthe citizensofIndia'srightsandactstherewasneedofactsandpolicyforthedisabilitypeoplethefirstactshavecomeintoextinctforthepersonswithdisability

The Constitution of India provides equal opportunity to every legal citizen of India, whether they are physically, mentally, healthy, or disabled in any way undertheconstitutionofIndiapersonswithdisabilitiesguaranteethefowlingof thefundamentallawslegislation,andacts.Equality,dignity,autonomy,andlibertyarethefoundingprinciplesofinternationalhumanrightslaw Thesevalues have sufficiently influenced the fundamental law of democratic polity and are reflectedintheConstitutionsofmostdemocraticStatesincludingIndia.ThePreambletotheConstitutionofIndiawhilegivingastructureandphilosophyofgovernanceproclaimstosecureallitscitizens;Justice,social,economic,andpolitical;Libertyofthought,expression,belief,faith,andworship;Equalityofstatus andopportunity:andtopromoteamongthemallFraternityassuringthedignity oftheindividualandtheunityandintegrityoftheNation.

A clear and comprehensive procedural medium is to be formulated for the advancementofdisabilityrights.Itisimportanttorealizethatthemoralrightsof theimpairedcannotbefoughtforandsecuredinavacuum.inescapably,asmentionedtheissueofdisabilityisrelatedtonumerousothersocial,profitable,and political issues including those of habitual poverty, gender inequality, maladministration, and political victimization. All these must be removed to make the 'disability right' a reality There must be the active involvement of impairedpeopleinplanningandpolicytimberprocessrelatingtotheirlivesand fullrecognitionandenforcementofmortalrightsaswellascolorfulotherrights associatedwiththem.Thediscussionofmortalrightsforpersonswithdisabilitiesneedstobemadeingreatdetailsothattheycanmileagethebenefitoutofit. Ashumansinadditiontoaccesstoallintroductoryrights;impairedpersonsneed asafe,secure,accessible,salutary,andaccessibleterrainthatisregardfuloftheir mortalquality Letuschangeourstation,thinking,andmindsetandthesocietyas a whole since; it's the frame of mind of the society that is responsible for the oppressionandmiseryofpersonswithdisability Let'scontributetoapplyingall thelawsandprogramsmadeforpersonswithdisabilitiesinapropersenseforthe upliftmentoftheirlivesandstatus.Let'slearntotakecareofallmortalbeingsas mortal beings, with due respect, irrespective of their differences, and let them shareinthemainstreamofsociety

Thefollowinglegislationandlegal,actsandpoliciesaretreatedaslandmarksfor theeducationinIndiafordisabledperson,inclusiveeducation,andrehabilitation inIndia.Legislationisalegaldocument,draftedbyMinistryoflawjusticeand

companyaffairs,approvedbytheIndianparliament,anddulyassentedtobythe presidentofIndiaaswellasnotifiedbytherelevantministry(LegislativeDepartment)forexample:

1. Mentalhealthact1912andrevisedin1987;

2. Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)Act September 1992, notified on 22June1993wasamendedintheyear2000;

3. PersonsWith Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights & FullParticipation)Act1995enactedbytheparliamenton22Dec1995;

4. National Trust for the Welfare of persons withAutism, Cerebral Palsy MentalRetardationandMultipleDisabilitiesAct,30thDecember1999;

5. NationalPolicyforPersonswithDisabilities,2006;

6. RighttoEducation,2009;

7. The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 was enacted on 28.12.2016andcameintoforcefrom19.04.2017;

8. NationalEducationPolicy,2020.

Needforlegislationfor RightsofPersonswithDisabilities:

Thedisabilitiesactisnotabouttheenjoymentofspecificactsasitisaboutensuring the equal enjoyment of all human rights/acts without any discrimination including persons with disabilities. The Constitution of India provides equal rightstoitscitizenstoenjoytheirliferespectfullyandwalkwithdignitythepersonwithadisabilityisalsoincludedinit(ConstitutionofIndia,1950).Thereis variousinformationtakenbytheGovernmenttoensuretherightsofpersonswith disabilities including the Mental Health act 1987, RCI 1992, PwD Act 1995, National Trust Act 1999, National Policy for Persons with Disabilities, 2006, RighttoEducation,2009,RPwDAct2016(MSJE,GoI)andNationalEducation Policy,2020.Beinganimportantpartofsociety,ithasbeenobservedthatthese lawsandactprotectsRightsofPersonswithDisabilities.Thestudyfocuseson awareness of acts and laws among the various professionals, disabled parents organizationsfordisabled,stakeholders,andthecommunitytowardsthevarious provisionsandclausesintheactforPersonswithDisabilitiesinIndia.PWDact 1995andTheRPwDactensuresthatthePwDcanenjoytherighttoequality,life withdignity,andrespectforhisorherintegrityequallywithothers(RPwDAct2016).ThelawsofdisabilitiesinIndianeedtobeunderstoodfromvariousperspectivesofdifferently-abledpersonsintheirattainmentofpersonaanddignity There is an urgent need to address this issue of attitudinal barriers so that the rightsofPersonswithMentalIllnessareupheld.

1. MentalHealthAct,1987:

TheMentalHealthActpredatesthehumanrightsemphasisinthe90s.Itcanbe described as civil rights legislation as it aims to regulate mental health institutions' standards and make provisions concerning their property and all other affairs.Fromahumanrightsperspective,theprovisionunderSection81isofparticularimportance.Itsays,nomentallyillpersonshallbesubjectedduringtreat-

Copyright©2023,IERJ.Thisopen-accessarticleispublishedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial4.0InternationalLicensewhichpermitsShare(copyandredistributethematerialinany mediumorformat)andAdapt(remix,transform,andbuilduponthematerial)undertheAttribution-NonCommercialterms.

Mr AvinashVitthalraoAneraye,Mr SunilKumarShirpurkar

1PGResearchScholar,M.Ed.Spl.Edu.(VI)2ndYear,NIEPVD. 2Guide,AssistantProfessor,DSER,NIEPVD–Dehradun.

menttoanyindignity(whetherphysicalormental)orcruelty Nomentallyillpersonundertreatmentshallbeusedforpurposesofresearchunlesssuchresearchis of direct benefit to him for purposes of diagnosis or treatment, or such person, been a voluntary patient has given his consent in writing or where such person (whetherornotavoluntarypatient)isinincompetentbecauseofminorityorotherwise,togivevalidconsent,guardianoranotherpersoncompetenttogiveconsentonhisbehalf.hasgivenhisconsentinwritingforsuchresearch.

Section94dealswithrespectingtheprivacyofcommunicationofpersonswith mentalillness.Topreventvexatiousordefamatorycircumstancesorcommunicationsprejudicialtothetreatmentofmentallyillpersons.Accordingtoit,noletterorothercommunicationssentbyortoamentallyillpersonundertreatment shallbeintercepted,detained,ordestroyed.Theemphasisofthislegislationison the appointments or qualifications of authorities, admission and discharge of mentallyillfromspecializedinstitutions,removalandroleofmedicalofficers, magistrates,orpoliceofficers,liabilitytomeetthecostofmaintenanceofmentally ill persons, and penalties and punishments, etc.(“As per the mental health act1987”)

2. RehabilitationCouncilOfIndiaAct,1992:-

TheGovernmentofIndiasetuptheRehabilitationCouncilofIndiain1986initiallyas a societyto regulateand standardizetrainingpoliciesand programs in therehabilitationofpersonswithdisabilities.Theurgentneedfortheminimum standard was felt as the majority of persons engaged in education: vocational trainingandcounselingofpersonswithdisabilitieswerenotprofessionallyqualified. Poor academic and training standards adversely affect the chances of the disabled succeeding in the world of work. Therefore, an Act of Parliament in 1992 enhanced the status of the council to a statutory body with the following aims:

1. To standardize training courses for professionals dealing with persons withdisabilities.

2. Toprescribeminimumstandardsofeducationandtrainingforvariouscategoriesofprofessionalsdealingwiththedisabledpeople

3. Toregulatethesestandardsinalltraininginstitutionsuniformlythroughoutthecountry

4. Topromoteresearchinrehabilitationandspecialeducation;and

5. Tomaintaincentralrehabilitationresisterforregistrationofprofessionals.

TheRehabilitationCouncilofIndia(RCI)regulatestrainingstandardsfor16categoriesofrehabilitationworkers.TheCouncilisproactivelypromotingtraining and research initiatives utilizing the experience of specialized as well as mainstream academic institutions. (“As per the Rehabilitation Council of IndiaAct 1992”)

3. PersonsWithDisabilitiesAct1995:

TABLE 1:GREENINITIATIVESINTHEAREAOFWATERMANAGEMENT

TheenactmentofthePersonswithDisabilities(EqualOpportunities.Protection ofRightsandFullParticipation)Act.1995(referredtoasPersonswithDisabilities)isasignalachievementoftheIndiandisabilitymovement.(“AsperthePersonsWithDisabilitiesAct-1995”)

Thepreambletothisdelineatesitsobjectivesofpromotingandensuringequality andfullparticipationinthemainstreamsocietyofpersonswithdisabilities.The Actaimstoprotectandpromotetheeconomicandsocialrightsofpersonswith diversedeprivationsTheAct.insection2,coverssevendisabilities.Thecriteria for the classification of each disability are embodied in a biomedical model accordingtowhich:

i. Blindness;

ii. Lowvision:

iii. Hearingimpairment.

iv Locomotordisabilityorcerebralpalsy:

v Mentalretardation:

vi. Mentalillness:and

vii. Leprosy-curedperson.

4. National Trust ForWelfare Of Persons WithAutism, Cerebral Palsy, MentalRetardation,AndMultipleDisabilitiesAct,1999:

Ascertaingroupsamongstthedisabledaremorevulnerablethanothers,aspecial enactmentforprotectingsuchpersons,theirproperty,andtheirwell-beingwas feltnecessary ReferredtoasNationalTrustAct,1999aimstofulfillacommon demand of families seeking reliable arrangements for their severely disabled wards

ThefollowingdisabilitiesaredefinedbythisActwhichis:

"Autism"meansaconditionofunevenskilldevelopmentprimarilyaffectingthe communicationandsocialabilitiesofaperson,markedbyrepetitiveandritualisticbehavior;

"Cerebralpalsy"meansagroupofnon-progressiveconditionsofapersoncharacterizedbyabnormalmotorcontrolpostureresultingfrombraininsultorinjuriesoccurringinthepre-natal,peri-natal,orinfantperiodofdevelopment;

"Mentalretardation"meansaconditionofarrestedorincompletedevelopment

of the mind of a person which is especially characterized by sub-normality of intelligence:

"Multiple disabilities" means a combination of two or more disabilities as definedintheclauseofsection2ofthePersonswithDisabilities(EqualOpportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation)Act, 1995. These are blindness, low vision, leprosy cured, hearing impairment, and locomotor disability mentalretardationandmentalillness.

ThespecificobjectivesoftheActare:

1. ToEnableandempowerpersonswithdisabilitiestoliveasindependently and as fully as possible within and as close to the community to which theybelong.

2. Topromotemeasuresforthecareandprotectionofpersonswithdisabilitiesintheeventofthedeathoftheirparentsorguardian,and

3. Toextendsupporttoregisteredorganizationstoprovideneed-basedservices during the period of crisis in the family of the disabled covered underthisAct.

4. TheNationalTrustActmandatesthecreationofaLocalLevelCommittee(LLC)comprisingaDistrictMagistratealongwithonerepresentative fromaregisteredorganizationandonepersonwithadisability TheLLC isvestedwiththeauthoritytodecideuponapplicationsforlegalguardianship. TheAct provides for how legal guardians are to be appointed. Theconditionsofeligibility,theorderofeligibleapplicants,andthedisqualificationofapplicantsarecontainedinRegulations11to14.TheAct alsolaysdownthedutiesofthelegalguardianwhohastofurnishperiodic returnstotheLLCabouttheassetsofthewardsandtheirdisposalinhis hands.Similarly,theCommitteetoisrequiredtomaintaininventoryand annualaccountsofthepropertyandassets,claims,andliabilitiessubmittedbythelegalguardianstoit.(“AspertheNationalTrustForWelfareOf PersonsWithAutism,CerebralPalsy,MentalRetardation,AndMultiple DisabilitiesAct-1999”)

6. NationalPolicyforPersonswithDisabilities,2006:

The National Policy aims to create an environment that offers people with disabilitiesequitableopportunities,theprotectionoftheirrights,andfullinvolvement in society It acknowledges that people with disabilities are important human resources for the nation. It is consistent with the fundamental ideals of equivalence,liberty,justice,andhumanself-respectthatareprotectedinIndia. As per Constitution tacitly calls for a society that is inclusive of all people, including those with disabilities. The National policy acknowledges that most peoplewithdisabilitiescanlivebetterlivesiftheyhaveaccesstoeffectiverehabilitation techniques and equal chances.The following are the key elements of thenationalpolicy:

Ÿ Physicalrehabilitationwhichentailsearlydetection,intervention,counseling,medicalinterventions,andthesupplyofaidsanddevices.Italso coversthetrainingofspecialistsinrehabilitation.

Ÿ Economic Rehabilitation, for a respectable existence in society EducationalRehabilitationincludesvocationaltraining.

7. RightofChildrentoFreeandCompulsoryEducationAct2009:

Achildwitha“disability”asdefinedinclause(1)ofsection2ofthepersonswith disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Right and Full Participation) Act,1995 (1 of 1996) is referred to as a “Child with a disability”; a child who meetstherequirementsforapersonwithadisabilityunderclause(j)ofsection2 oftheNationalTrustforthewelfareofPersonswithAutism,CerebralPalsy,MentalRetardation,andMultipleDisabilitiesAct199944of1999)achildwhomeets therequirementsforapersonwitha“severedisability”underclause(o)ofsection2oftheNationalTrustwelfareofpersonswithAutism,Cerebralpalsy,Mental“Elementaryeducation”refersgradestothe1st through8thgradesofinstruction.

Achildwithadisabilityreferredtoinsub-clause(A)ofclause(ee)ofsection2 shall,withoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofthePersonswithDisabilities(Equal Opportunities,ProtectionofRightsandFullParticipation)Act,1995(1of1996), andachildreferredtoinsub-clauses(B)and(C)ofclause(ee)ofsection2,have thesamerightstopursuefreeandcompulsoryelementaryeducationwhichchildrenwithdisabilitieshaveundertheprovisionsofChapterVofthePersonswith Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act,1995:Providedthatachildwith“multipledisabilities”referredtoinclause (h)andachildwith“severedisability”referredtoinclause(o)ofsection2ofthe NationalTrustforWelfareofPersonswithAutism,CerebralPalsy,MentalRetardation,andMultipleDisabilitiesAct,1999(44of1999)mayalsohavetheright tooptforhome-basededucation.(“AsperrightOfChildrentoFreeandCompulsoryEducationAct-2009”)

8. RightsOfPersonswithDisabilitiesAct(RPwD)2016:

TheRPwDactstoensurethatpersonswithdisabilitiesenjoylifewiththerightto equality,dignity,andconcerningintegratingwithothers.

PhysicalDisability.

A. Locomotor disability (a person's inability to execute distinctive activities associated with movement of self and objects resulting from affliction of

musculoskeletalornervoussystemorboth),including—leprosycuredpersons, cerebralpalsy,dwarfism,musculardystrophy,andacidattackvictims.

B. VisualImpairment:-

Blindness- means a condition where a person has any of the following conditions,afterthebestcorrection

Ÿ Totalabsenceofsight;or

Ÿ Visual acuity less than 3/60 or less than 10/200 (Snellen) in the bettereyewiththebestpossiblecorrection;or

Ÿ Limitation of the field of vision subtending an angle of less than 10degree

“Low vision” means a condition where a person has any of the following conditions,namely:

Ÿ Visual acuity not exceeding 6/18 or less than 20/60 upto 3/60 or upto10/200(Snellen)inthebettereyewiththebestpossiblecorrections; or limitation of the field of vision subtending an angle of fewer than 40 degreesupto10degrees.

C. Hearingimpairment—

(a) "Deaf" means persons having 70 DB hearing loss in speech frequencies inbothears;

(b)"HardOfHearing"meansapersonhaving60DBto70DBhearinglossin speechfrequenciesinbothears

C.HearingImpairment:"Deaf" means persons having 70 DB hearing loss in speech frequencies inbothears;

"Hard Of Hearing" means a person having 60 DB to 70 DB hearing loss in speechfrequenciesinbothears;

D. "Speech and Language Disability" means a permanent disability arising outofconditionssuchaslaryngectomyoraphasiaaffectingoneormorecomponentsofspeechandlanguageduetoorganicorneurologicalcauses.

2.“Intellectualdisability”,aconditioncharacterizedbysignificantlimitations bothinintellectualfunctioning(reasoning,learning,problem-solving)andadaptive behavior which covers a range of everyday, social, and practical skills, including—

(a) "Specific Learning Disabilities" means a heterogeneous group of conditions wherein there is a deficit in processing language, spoken or written, that maymanifestitselfasadifficultytocomprehend,speak,read,write,spell,ordo mathematical calculations and includes such conditions as perceptual disabilities,dyslexia,dysgraphia,dyscalculia,dyspraxia,anddevelopmentalaphasia;

(b)"AutismSpectrumDisorder"meansaneuro-developmentalconditiontypicallyappearinginthefirstthreeyearsoflifethatsignificantlyaffectsaperson's abilitytocommunicate,understandrelationships,andrelatetoothers,andisfrequentlyassociatedwithunusualorstereotypicalritualsorbehaviors.

3.Mentalbehavior,—"MentalIllness"meansasubstantialdisorderofthinking, mood, perception, orientation, or memory that grossly impairs judgment, behavior,capacitytorecognizereality,orabilitytomeettheordinarydemandsof life,butdoesnotincluderetardationwhichisaconditionofarrestedorincompletedevelopmentofthemindofaperson,especiallycharacterizedbythesubnormalityofintelligence.

Disabilitycauseddueto—

(a)chronicneurologicalconditions,suchas—

(i) "Multiple Sclerosis" means an inflammatory, nervous system disease in whichthemyelinsheathsaroundtheaxonsofnervecellsofthebrainandspinal thecordisdamaged,leadingtodemyelinationandaffectingtheabilityofnerve cellsinthebrainandspinalcordtocommunicatewitheachother;

(ii) "Parkinson's disease" means a progressive disease of the nervous system marked by tremor, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement, chieflyaffectingmiddle-agedandelderlypeopleassociatedwithdegenerationof thebasalgangliaofthebrainandadeficiencyoftheneurotransmitterdopamine.

(b)Blooddisorder—

(i) "Hemophilia" means an inheritable disease, usually affecting only malebuttransmittedbywomentotheirmalechildren,characterizedbylossor impairment of the normal clotting ability of blood so that a minor would resultinfatalbleeding;

(ii) "Thalassemia" means a group of inherited disorders characterized by reducedorabsentamountsofhemoglobin.

(iii) "Sickle cell disease" means a hemolytic disorder characterized by chronicanemia,painfulevents,andvariouscomplicationsduetoassociatedtissue and organ damage; "haemolytic" refers to the destruction of the cell membraneofredbloodcellsresultinginthereleaseofhemoglobin.

5. Multiple Disabilities (more than one of the above-specified disabilities) includingdeaf-blindnesswhichmeansaconditioninwhichapersonmayhavea combinationofhearingandvisualimpairmentscausingseverecommunication, developmental,andeducationalproblems.

6.AnyothercategoryasmaybenotifiedbytheCentralGovernment.(“Asperthe RightsOfPersonswithDisabilitiesAct-2016”)

9.NationalEducationPolicy2020:

AsperNEP2020needforSpecialeducators. Thereisanurgentneedforadditionalspecialeducatorsforcertainareasofschooleducation.Someexamplesof suchspecialistrequirementsincludesubjectteachingforchildrenwithdisabilities/Divyangjan children at the Middle and Secondary school level, including teachingforspecificlearningdisabilities.Suchteacherswouldrequirenotonly subject-teachingknowledgeandunderstandingofsubject-relatedaimsofeducationbutalsotherelevantskillsfortheunderstandingofspecialrequirementsof children.Therefore,suchareascouldbedevelopedassecondaryspecializations for subject teachers or generalist teachers, during or after pre-service teacher preparation.Theywillbeofferedascertificatecourses,inthepre-serviceaswell asin-servicemode,eitherfull-timeoraspart-time/blendedcourses-again,necessarily, at multidisciplinary colleges or universities. Greater synergy will be enabled between the course curriculum of NCTE and RCI to ensure adequate availability of qualified special educators who can handle subject teaching as well.

ThePolicyalsorecognizestheimportanceofcreatingenablingmechanismsfor providing Children with Special Needs (CWSN) or Divyang, have the same opportunities of obtaining quality education as any other child. (“ As per the NationalEducationPolicy-2020”).

ReviewofLiterature:

The Indian judiciary has played a variably significant part in developing the moral rights of impaired persons. in several cases, the supreme court and high courtinterpretthedisabilitieslegislationincubatingtheobjectsthereinextraordinarypowervestedthesupremecourtunderacritical32and142andthehigh courtunderacritical226oftheconstitutionofIndiahaveassuredthattherights ofacitizenincludingpersonswithdisabilitiesandstatedthattheimpairedcitizensaren'tstampedupon.

Gupta,B.,andRimpi,2020haveconductedanevaluationstudyontheHuman rightsandEntitlementsof PersonswithDisabilitiesinIndia.Inthisstudy,they havefoundthatthereisastudyreviewedfortherightsandentitlementsofpersonswithdisabilitiesinIndiaandfoundthatintoday'sworld,thereisaparadigm shiftintheconceptualunderstandingtowardsdisabilityandpersonswithdisabilitiesfromacharity-basedapproachtoarights-basedapproachacrosstheglobe. Thisnewapproachincludeshumanrightsprinciplessuchasequality,participation, non-discrimination, and accountability India being a signatory to the UNCRPDhasenacteddisabilitylawsandpoliciesinlinewithinternationalconventionstoensureequalizationofopportunitiesandfullparticipationofpersons with disabilities in the development. However, despite laws and policies, the overallvisionofgreaterinclusionforpersonswithdisabilitiesinsocietyisstilla distantdream.Thestudyisbasedonsecondarydataattemptstoprovideanoverview of the new legislation, 'the Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesAct 2016 (RPWDAct,2016)'andanalyzetherightsandentitlementsenshrinedintheAct. The study highlights the partial implementation of laws and policies at the groundlevel.Lowparticipationindecision-makingandpooroutreachofinformationamongthetargetedgrouparethechallengestoeffectiveimplementation.

Retief, M. & Letšosa, R.,(2018), Both researchers have fined in their study of 'Models of disability:Abrief overview, about Critical reflection on the importance of shaping disability-friendly – or disability-inclusive congregations has enjoyed increasing attention in the field of practical theology in recent years. Moreover,thedevelopmentofdisabilitytheologyisatestamenttothefactthat practicaltheologiansandthewiderchurchcommunityhavetakenseriousnotice oftherealitiesandexperiencesofpeoplewithdisabilitiesinourtime.Nevertheless,evenbeforethetaskofengagingintheologicalreflectionfromadisability perspectivecommences,theologiansmustacquaintthemselveswiththevarious modelsofdisabilitythatshapepeople'sperceptionsandideasaboutpeoplewith disabilities.Guidedbytheprinciplesoftheinterpretivetaskofpracticaltheologicalinvestigationandcognizantoftheimportanceofmodelsofdisabilityinshapingperceptionsregardingpeoplewithdisabilities,thisarticleseekstoprovidea briefoverviewofnineofthemostdominantmodelsofdisabilitythatareprevalentinourtime.Weshallutilizethetypologicalapproachtotheoreticalanalysis tooutlinethebasiccharacteristicsofthevariousmodels.

Bhattacharyya, R., (2014) in this research work the researcher gives much emphasisonthevariouslegalprovisionsandlawsavailableinourcountryand makesasystematicstudyonhowtheselawshavecontributedtowardsthedevelopmentofthelegalstatusofdisabledpersonsinIndia.

Ganvir,S.,GundechaA.A.,(2020);Disability,Laws,andModels:AnOverview, in their study they talked about various growing definitions and perceptions of disability It leads to various complications leading to indie-pendency for all other activities of daily living, making occupational limitations and economi-

cally dependent. So, there is an need to make them aware of various schemes availableinIndia,forsupportingthemforvariouseconomic,pensionandeducationalscholarshipschemes.Therightsandlawsofpersonswithdisabilitiesmust therefore be understood and studied from a variety of perspectives, including humanrightsandvariousotherlawsinIndia,whichwillfillthegaporclosethe gapbetweenpersonswithdis-abilitiesandpersonswithdisabilitiesintheirpersonal attainment in the true sense of the term.Throughout this research report, thewriterputsagreatdealoffocusonthedifferentlegislativeframeworksand regulationsexistingthroughoutourcountryandallowsacomprehensiveanalysis on how such laws have led to the advancementof the legal status of people withdisabilitiesinIndia.

Objectives:

Ÿ Theobjectivesofthisstudyareto:

Ÿ To check the awareness of Indian Legislation for Persons with Disabilities.

Ÿ TochecktheimpactoftheIndianlegislationintheprogrammingandpolicy-makingforPersonswithDisabilities.

Ÿ To find the effect of Indian legislation on Employment, Education, and VocationaltrainingforPersonswithDisabilities.

Conclusion

Toconclude,byratifyingtheUNCRPDin2007,Indiatookonasetofobligations totransformthetreatmentofPwDfrombeingobjectsofcharitytosubjectswith rightswhocanclaimthoserights.However,thereareseveralshortcomingsinthe RPWDAct,2016,whichneedtobeaddressedattheearliest.AlthoughRPWD Act, 2016 is a rights-based legislation, the success of the statute will largely dependontheproactivemeasurestakenbytherespectivestategovernmentson itsimplementation.Aclearandcomprehensiveproceduralmediumistobeformulatedfortheadvancementofdisabilityrights.It'simportanttorealizethatthe moralrightsoftheimpairedcannotbefoughtforandsecuredinavacuum.inescapably,asmentionedtheissueofdisabilityisrelatedtonumerousothersocial, profitable, and political issues including those of habitual poverty, gender inequality, maladministration, and political victimization. All these must be removedtomakethe'disabilityright'areality Theremustbetheactiveinvolvementofimpairedpeopleinplanningandpolicytimberprocessrelatingtotheir lives and full recognition and enforcement of mortal rights as well as colorful other rights associated with them. The discussion of mortal rights for persons withdisabilitiesneedstobemadeingreatdetailsothattheycanmileagethebenefitoutofit.Ashumansinadditiontoaccesstoallintroductoryrights;impaired persons need a safe, secure, accessible, salutary, and accessible terrain that is regardfuloftheirmortalquality

Letuschangeourstation,thinking,andmindsetandthesocietyasawholesince; it'stheframeofmindofthesocietythatisresponsiblefortheoppressionandmiseryofpersonswithdisability.Let'scontributetoapplyingallthelawsandprogramsmadeforpersonswithdisabilitiesinapropersensefortheupliftmentof theirlivesandstatus.Let'slearntotakecareofallmortalbeingsasmortalbeings, withduerespect,irrespectiveoftheirdifferences,andletthemshareinthemainstreamofsociety.

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