6 Skills to expand your English
Stretch O)GORD I.]NTVERSITY PRESS SAMPLE COPY NOT FOR SALE
Susan Stempleski Presenting skills consultant: Ben Shearon
OXTORD IJNIVERSITY
PRESS
StfgtCh
teaches listening, speaking, reading, writing, viewing, and presenting skills to prepare you for success in academic and professional life. A:
Anvthing
B: ]'es.
@ B li.t."n
\brr don t nced Lo
'l
to
taxi drivers
SPEAKTNG
Asking for more information
the conversation.'l'hen practice with a partner
Dani:
Use expressions such as What else? and
(iuess what, Nikom. I rn going
Anything else? to get tne speaker to give you more information.
to'l'hniland ncxt month.
Nikom:
'l'hat'.s grcat. Maybe vou can
Skill Snapshots
visit mv firmily u'hile you're I
Dani: Nikom:
are short presentations that
herc. oN!tNa
'l hat rrrruld bc verv nice, but I nced sonrc atlvice, I'r'e rrever been there befrrre.
highlight the skills taught in
pRACTTCI
Stretch. You can find them
on most of the student Book
Well, it s inrportant to smile a lot. lt's tlre easiest \\,a)' to say thank you.
pages. Skill Snapshots ensure
you know what you are
Dani: \\'hat elsc? What about shoes? Nikom: Yes, remttving Lhem is
learning on each page.
customary.
Dani: -\nvtlrins clse'a Nikom: Yes. I)o not t.()uch or pat someone's head. It's very
inrpolite.
Online Practice deepens your understanding
READING SKILL
of the information in the Skill
Taking notes
Snapshots by providing new presentations for each of the six skills. You
willfind more
than 100 activities you can do any time,
Taking notes as you rerd helps
remenlber imponant irtbrmatlon. \l'nllng'ou kcy \\'ords rn charts rs one 1\:at to lake notes. .\ chart is nadr up ol nro or ntore rows nnd nro or nlore columns.
r\ chan cin help you organizt inlormaritol b, -l catcgones. he catcgories cin go [lto the ror|s or lhe
columns. l'or exampltj science classes
Language classes
brol{)gv cltelulslf\ ph1.rrc'
spJnl:h
llnqlr\ll
lrprlcsc
anywhere-
with automatic grading and feedback on your answers.
IUOnday Tuesday Wednesday
Things to do (hls week !lsll nlI qrrn(lnl{rlll{rr qr00
(loclor s app(,lntnr!.nl
\lu(ly lor l nslish rcsl
Use the access code on the
inside back cover to log in at
www.oxford learn.com/logi n.
LJ ,f i".-l
Vl EWI NG: Hotel troubles !-:
I
-:ar
Look at the photo and map. What. problems do you scc with the hotcl?
ntt
i.ffi
Viewing Skills
F
,& r.,,^ ';g
Research shows that learning
i.-:;lii
English through videos
!.' t..
helps you remember more
information, develop cross-cultural awareness, and expand your critical
-
thinking. Viewing Skills, S B
Watctr the video. What is the problcm with cach hotel? What are the reasons for these problerns?
Using subtitte8 lf accents are hard
Ann and lolie
,an and Dave
such as interpreting facial VIEWIr|G to understand, read the subtitles as you
Problems
rrsten_ Ttis helps you understand the accents.
expressions, use BBC
Worldwide Learning videos to teach media literacy for
o"""""uo,". (*
'
C \\alch ltgirirr. lrse il;: sulttillt's to cotnpli.t{r the \(,Dlctr(
PfeSgnting SkillS
cs
help you become a bener pubtic speaker. Stretchteaches
four types of presenting skills: 1)
controlling your body language
2) organizing your ideas 3) designing your message
4) using speech techniques
@ enesENrrNc A
Read the presentation. Why would the person be a good sportswriter? Underlirre thc three reasons.
PRESEN?ING Persuading your audlence Tlyto persuade your auorence by giving 3_5 reasons. Summarize
your reasons at the end ol yourpresentation. ONLINf,}RACTIC.
I would
like tc be a sportswriter. One reason whv l'C be good
21
st-century success.
SCOPE AND SEOUENCE play in a bond, do business, go hiking, etc.
Food experience
Pronunciation: Question
Present perfect and
simple past
Writing: Recent learning
intonation
Life experiences Paqes2-7 -
Reading: Try Something New!
experiences
SKf LL: Asking follow-up
SKILL:
tense
questions
predict content
graduate from college,
Meeting an important
visit a special ploce,
person
SKILL:
Listening for
win a prize, etc.
Simple past and past continuous
Pronunciation: Reductions wirh did you
Events
Using photos to
Reading: Lost and Found
Writing: An interesting or important event
Pages 8-1 3
SKf LL: Listening for details
SKILL: Showing interest
school uniforms, fast
Things will get better soon
food, celebrity news, etc.
14-l9
Pages 20-21
0
SKILL:
Listening for
I
Professions and skills Pages
28-33
9
SKILL: Understanding
encouragement
tone
Vocabulary and Grammar Reading: Rest and relaxotion!
Cross-cultural advice
bowing, removing shoes, giving
glftt
etc.
SKILL: lnferring
SKILL: Askingformore
setting from context
informotion
graphic artist,
Job interview
mechanic, surgeon, etc.
SKILL:
Listening for
key words (1)
train for a race, volunteer work, for
a
Self-Assessment Units 4.6 Pages 40-41
tv
Pronunciation: Stressed sylla bles
job'
etc'
do apply
Recent activities Pages 34-39
Writing: Opinion on a topic
SKfLL: Offering
Customs Pages 22-27
Reading: School Uniforms
sink
opinions
Self-Assessment Units 1-3
Too and enough with adjectives and nouns
Pronunciation : Th i nk vs.
Opinions Pages
SKf LL: Making o timeline
/t + infinitive, gerunds as subjects
Reading: Customs: Dos and Dont's
Pronunciation: Reductions with to
Writing: Cultural customs
SKILL: Brainstorming
Present perfect with how long, slnce, and
for
Reading: An lnterview with Susan Singer
Writing: Your dream job
SK|LL: Usingformol
SKf LL: Using graphic
language
orgontzets
What people have been doing lately Pronunciation: Reductions with been
SKILL: Listening for
SKfLL:
clues to make inferences
surnrts;
Expressing
Vocabulary and Grammar Reading: Jefferson Advertising: Careers
Present perfect continuous
Reading: Troining for a 5K Race
Writing: The best way to do an activity
SKILL: Writingatopic sentence with details
Climbing high
A past hobby
Spicy food
...listen for tense in life experiences.
University degrees
...use the the present perfect and the simple past
...notice adjectives.
SKILL: Noticing adjectives
A
young mayor
SKf LL: Moving oround
How you met a friend
Cell phones
...use expressions to show interest.
Minimum driving age
...make a timeline to organize ideas. ...make eye â‚Źontact.
SKILL: Noticing time
SKILL: Moking
markers
contoct
The uniform debate
A new rule
eye
Unusual museums
... listen for opinions.
School uniforms
...use expressions to offer encouragement. .,.evaluate opinions.
SKf LL: Evaluating oprnions
SKfLL: Changingspeeds
Food customs
Customs at home
Tipping in restaurants Table manners
.,.use expressions to ask for more
information. ...brainstorm before writing, ...tell
SKf LL: Poying attention to
a
story.
SKf LL: Telling stories
visuals
Bollywood costume designer
job you would be good at
A
Bollywood films
...use formal language.
Professional holidays
...use graphic organizers to understand a reading. ...persuade my audience.
SKILL: ldentifying ond effect
(1
couse
)
A record breaker
SKILL:
Persuading your
audience
Positive and negative
Theme parks
...listen for <lues to make inferences.
things about a recent activity
Marathons
...use the present perfect continuous.
...understand casual speech.
SKfLL: Understonding
SKILL:
casual speech
view
Giving o balanced
SCOPE AND SEQUENCE
Interesting activities
cotch up with friends,
build a website, have brunch, eIc.
Pronunciation: Reductions of hove
Leisure time Pages
Present perfect continuous and present perfect
updates
Writing: An activity you've been doing lotely
42-47
SKILL: Predicting
SKILL: Adding
content
information
bald, beord, scruffy, etc.
Changes in
appearance
SKILL:
Used to
someone who has chonged Listening for descriptive words
SKf LL: Using phrcsesto
get up early, do chores, catch up on the news,
Early life
SKILL:
etc.
SKILL: Listeningfor frequency words
Self-Assessment Units 7-9 Pages 60-61
SKf LL: Moking a cluster diagram
ogree
Pronunciation: Past tense endings
Habits Pages 54-59
Reading: HighSchool
Writing: Describing
Appearance 48-53
Scanning
Reunions
Pronunciation: Consonant clusters with 5 Pages
Reading: Social media
Simple past, present perfect, and present perfect continuous with How long
Reading:At Home on the Water
Writing: A classmate\ Iife or
job
SKILL:
SKILL:
Asking open questions
Using context clues
Vocabulary and Grammar Reading: JustJock: Remembering the Past
mystery, biography,
Asking for someone's time
historical fi ction, etc.
Reported speech
Pronunciation: Plural nouns
Reading: The Voyages of Zheng He
Writing:A book review
Stories Pages62-67
SKILL: Summarizing
SKf LL: Refusing politely
SKILL: Askingyourself questions
flood, election, exhibition, etc.
Waiting for someone
While and when clauses
Reading: Ricochetthe SURFice'" Dog
Pronunciation: Let vs. lote
Writin g: An interesti ng news
In the news Paoes
68-73
event SKf LL: Listening for moin ideos
SKILL: Explainingyour
SKILL: ldentifying
reasons
and effect (2)
lose your wallet, call
Bad travel experiences
room service, miss a flight, etc.
Pronunciation: Stress with
content words
Present perfect for experiences
Readi
n
g: Travel
M
cause
ishaps
Writing: A trip that went wrong
Travel stories PagesT4-79
Self-Assessment units 1G-12 Pages 80-81
vl
Listening for key SKILL: Continuingthe conversation words (2)
SKILL:
Vocabulary and Grammar Reading: Lost Ring Appears 72 Years Later
GRAMMAR REFERENCE
GRAMMAR TALK!
PAGES 82-93
PAGES 94-105
SKfLLT Self-assessing
Chinese opera star
lnteresting activities
Dangerous activities
...add information to continue a
Collecting autographs
conversation.
...scan information in a text.
...introduce
SKILL: ldentifying purpose
SKILL: Introducing
a
topic with images.
o
topic with imyges .
Stuartt new look
Before and after
MakeoverTV shows
...listen for descriptive words about appearance.
High school reunions
...can ask and answer questions with used
SKILL: Making predictions SKILL:
..,make predictions about what l'm going
Focusing on key
potnts Napping at work
to.
to see.
Habits you want to change
open questions.
Houseboats
.. .ask
Pillows
...use context clues. ...use rhetorical questions.
SKILL: ldentifying
SKILL:
persuasive techniques
questions
Life of a King
Describing a movie
Using rhetorical
.ask myself questions about stories.
Cellphone romances
..
Books
...use reported speech.
...identify points of view.
SKILL: ldentifying points
SKILL:
of view
explain
Junior detective
An interesting news story
Using pictures to
Lateness
...explain my reasons.
Service dogs
...identify cause and effect in a reading. ...use an anchor image in a presentation.
SKILL: Noticing repeated words
SKf LL: Using on anchor image
Hotel troubles
The best or worst trip
Pooular travel destinations
...listen for key words in travel stories.
Vacation destinations
...use the present perfect for experiences. ,..use subtitles to understand a video.
SKILL:
Using subtitles
SKILL:
Using superlotives
for emphasis
WORD LIST
AUDIO AND VIDEO SCRIPTS
PAGES I06-107
PAGES l08-113
SCOPE AND SEOUENCE
vtl
Vocabulary and Llstenlng
{)
Viewlng Noticing adjectives Fresentlng Moving around
Grammar Present perfect and simple past Readlng and Wrltlng
Listening for tense Speaklng Asking follow-up questions
Using photos for predictions
vocABULARY AND LrsrENrNG A
Listen and repeat.
"9,,
o
p
ONLINE PRACTICE
1. play in a band
2. play on a team
3. do arts and crafts
4. do business
5. go rock climbing
6. go surfing
7. go on
8. go hiking
a safari
Complete the sentences with the correct words from Part A.
l.
My sister loves elephants and tigers, so I took her to go
last summer.
2. Jen and her friends enjoy sports, so they play
at school.
3. Laraplays drums
.
4. Mark doesn't like to go 5. Jim likes
o
C
.
to do
They play rock music.
He's afraid of heights!
in his free time. He made a beautiful vase for me.
Listen to people talking about life experiences. Number the activities from play in a band
-
o ti*!Bt,, "9,, I.
play on a team
3,*iIJJ::l:"1:::il:tivities past
2. now
past
climbing
-
-
now
go rock
do arts and crafts
-
now or in the past?
3. now 4. now
l-4.
LISTENING Listening for tense Listen for the verb tense and verb endings speakers use to krrow if they are talking about now or the past.
past past
o"rtr*r
' l Canrr.
listenfortenseinlifeexperiences.
!
Verywell
n Well I
r"o""r". dtt
Notverywell
â&#x201A;Ź^sPEAKTNG A
Put the conversation in order. Number the sentences
l-6.
Mostly paintings.
B
In high school.
- Really? Where did you do it? - Have you ever done arts and crafts? -Listen to the conversation. Then practice
- Yes, I have. - What did you make in high school? with a partner.
"9""
SPEAKING Asking follow_up questions Begin follow_up questions with words
like Where...? and When...? to get more
information and to show
rnterest.
ottrnt"*^"rr",
Carrie: Have you ever eaten Korean food? Lucas: Ycs, I have. Carrie: W-here did you have it? Lucas: In South Korea. It's a little spicy, but I loved it. Carrie: rr\Ihen did you go there? Lucas: Trvo years ago. I went there with my parents and sister. Carrie: Did you have a good time? Lucas: Yes, I did. It's a very interesting country with great food.
s
CULTURE TALKT i:':;*?#ifr lflF#9*i86!*
C
Work in pairs. Practice the conversation below with your own information. Ask follow-up questions.
A: Have you ever eaten B: Yes, A: Where did you have it? B: In A: Did you like it?
o
In South Korea, many people love spicy food. Do you like spicy food? What kinds of food taste better
when they're spicy?
D PrOnUnciation Question intonatior
Listen and repeat. lnYes/No questions, the intonation goes up.In Wh- questions, the intonation goes down. a f
. Did you har.e
a good
time?
2. Do vou like Thai food?
a I Canrrr
3. Where 4.
did you --\ go?
-_--\
What did vou eat?
askfollow-upquestionstoshowinterest.
n
Verywell
! Well !
Notverywell UNIT I
â&#x201A;ŹGRAMMAR I
Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 82
",9* Have you ever played in a band?
When did you play in one?
Yes,l have:
lilavea:":
Has he ever gone rock climbing?
o:r1-n'"
Who did he go with? He went rock climbing
Yes, he has.
with his brother.
When did they last visit an art museum?
Have they ever done arts and crafts?
They visited an art museum last month.
No, they haven't. They've never done that.
NOTE: r Use the simple past for a specific event in the past. Use the present perfect for an indefinite time in the past.
o
$
ONLINE PRACTICE
Complete the conversations. Use the simple past or the present perfect. 1.
A: Where'
you
B: I:l
? (go)
to the movies. (go)
2.A:a
you ever
B: No,I6 3.
2
A: What
.
Brazil? (visit)
5
But I'd like to go there.
you'
7
B: Wee
on Saturday? (do)
hiking. (go)
Q Work in pairs. Ask and
answer questions. Use the present perfect and simple past.
Example: you / on Mount Whitney A: Have you ever gone rock climbing?
A: Where did you go?
B: Yes. I have.
B: I went rock climbing on Mount Whitney.
L
Sara and
4.
Martha / with her sister
Jack/ in school
D GraminarTblk!
'' I GOll... 4
2.
Joe
/ with Susie
5. you /
last summer
3. you and
6.
Has Ana ever...? Student A page
usethepresentperfectandthesimplepast.
James
Nadia / soccer
/ in Hawaii
94, Student B pagegT.
!
Verywell
n Well !
Notverywell
O
READTNG AND wRrrrNG
READITIG Using photos to predict content
O A Look at the pictures
in the blog. What three free time activities do you think the blog will be about? Read and check your answers.
cD 1-07
Look at photos and see what is happening. Doing this before
readinghelps you predict what the reading
will be about. ot
tr^rr""^"rr""
lll
What have you learned to do recently? I asked three people and here are their answers: Pete: I always wanted to try surfing, so I decided to sign up for lessons at Oceanside Beach. I've had six lessons so far, and I've just learned how to stand up on the board. It's a little intimidating, but exciting, too.
Susie: I have finally learned how to play the drums. It's something I've wanted to do since I was a kid. I enrolled at a music school a year ago and I think I'm good enough now to play in a band. In fact, my brother and I have just started a band with some friends called The Glass Orange.
Aaron: I recently learned how to rock climb. I took classes at a special rock climbing gym that has a towering, high wall to practice on. After two months, we were good enough to actually climb Anza Mountain. It was challenging, but I felt proud of myself
afterwards.
B
CULTURE TALKT
Answer the questions with information from the article.
l.
Where did Pete learn to
surf?
,.'
2. What did Susie learn to do?
You can get a degree in
surfing from the University of Plymouth. Do you think
3. What did Susie and her brother do?
people need a degree to
-
4. Who learned to go rock climbing?
learn how to surP
5. How did Aaron feel after his trip?
c What have you learned to do recently? Complete the chart below. I have recentlv learned to
i why I wanted to i learn it:
How I learned it:
How I felt:
t
D Write
a
paragraph about something you have learned to do recently. Use your ideas from Part C.
ja I GEll...
usephotostopredictcontent.
!
Verywell E Well
!
Notverywell UNIT
1
â&#x201A;Ź
vtEwtNG: Gtimbing high A
Look at the photo. What are these people doing? How do you think they feel?
I I
!'. B Watch the video. Read the statements. Write T (true) or F (false). wArcH l. There are a lot of mountains near the Upper Limits Climbing Gym. Nineteen years ago, the silos were used for a seed business. -'). Pam and Chris Schmick turned the silos into a rock climbing gym. -:1. The rock gym is very popular. -4. 5. It's difficult to climb the wall. VIEWING Many gyms have ice climbing waterfalls. Noticing adjectives Focus on adjectives -6, and Watch again. Match the words from the video with their C
wArcH
what they describe. They give you more information about the meaning of the
meanings. Then complete the sentences with the correct words.
a, amazrng b. very cold c. very scary d. required e. difficult
mandatory
l
It s the middle of winter and it's
).
tsut what really makes Upper
challenging
frigid terrifying spectacular
sentence.
ONLINE PRACTICE
outside.
Limits
3. It's a lot more
is the silo climb.
and scary than it looks.
4. Going up is optional, but coming down is 5. The silo is
D
Work in a small group. Think of a time when you did something challenging or scary. Tell your classmates the story.
' I Canrrr 5
but fun.
roticâ&#x201A;Źadjectives.
!
Verywell E Well
E
Notverywell
â&#x201A;Ź
PREsENTTNG A
Read the presentation. Then present
PRESENTING Moving around
it to a partner while moving.
Move from one place to another when you make a new point. For example, step closer to your audience.
oNtlNupnacrrcr
r,'
.::':
When I was in high school, I learned to juggle. I went to
f;
a
show in the park. After the show, the performer taught people how to juggle and I loved it! The next day I bought some balls and
started practicing. I juggled everywhere: at home, in the park, at the bus stop, and even in the school cafeteria. I started with just two balls, and after a few months I could juggle four. In my last year of high school I broke my hand, so I had to stop. Then I just
kind of forgot about juggling. Even when my hand got better, didn't juggle much after that.
B
I
Give your partner feedback on his/her presentation. Did he/she move
around enough? Too much?
c Think of a hobby or activity you did in the past. Make notes in the chart. Hobby or activity:
Wfen I learned it How I learned
it
Where I did it
Walking and pacing around too much can be distracting. Move no more than three steps. I
When I did it
D
Stand up. Tell a group about your hobby or activity from Part C. Remember to Inove during your presentation.
a I Can rrr rnovâ&#x201A;Ź around when I am presenting. !
Very
well
!
Well
n
Not very well
Vocabulary and Llstenlng
Grammar
Listening for details Speaklng Showing interest
$imple past and continuous Readlng and Writing Making a timeline
{)
Viewing Noticing time markers Presenting Making eye contact
vocABuLARY AND LrsrENrNG
O A Listen and repeat.
1. graduate from college
2. go on
3. visit
an adventure
a special place
4.
meet someone famous
8.
have an accident
r*' 5. win a prize
o
B
ONLINE PRACTICE
#
6. get engaged
7. get married
Complete the paragraph with the correct words from Part A. I have so many pians
in the future! Right now I'm studying photography but next June, I'm going to . After I get my degree, Matt and I are going to . The wedding ceremony will be in Hawaii. After the ceremony, we're going to 3 : we're going to go skydiving over a beautiful beach. When we get back, I'm going to enter my pictures in a photography contest. I'm sure I'll 4 and become a famous photographer. 1
c Listen to people talking about big events. Speaker
I
Details are
a. visited a special place b. met someone famous
facts, examples,
- Speaker 2 explanations, and specific information. - Speaker 3 c. went on an adventure They help you to - Speaker 4 d. had an accident understand main ideas. -'AE;i' Write T (True) or F (False). ^D Listen pRAcrrcE l. Speaker t hit a car. _ 3. Speaker 3 was lost. Speaker 2lives in California. Speaker 4 met an actor in NewYork. -2. -4.
o
oNLINE
' 8
LISTENING Listening for details
Match the speaker to the event.
",9,,
a I CaJl,..
listenfordetailsaboutevents.
!
Verywell
n Well !
Notverywell
a^
Q^SPEAKTNG A
Match the questions and answers.
l.
O B
Where were you living?
a.
When did you live in Chicago? -2. 3. What were you doing in2012? -Listen to the conversation. Then practice
From 2010 to 2013.
b. I was
working in
a
bank.
c. InJapan.
with
a partner.
cD 1-10
Alicia: Samantha:
Alicia:
How did you meet your husband, Samantha?
Go on
Vancouver? When were you there?
show you're interested and to encourage the other person to keep
I lived there for two years, from 2010 to 2012.
Alicia:
That's interesting. Well, go on. Tell me more.
Alicia: Samantha:
Use expressions like and Tell me more ro
I was living in Vancouver when I met Alex.
Samantha: Samantha:
SPEAKING Showing interest
Well, one day, I was carrying some heavy boxes into my apartment. Alex was sitting on the front steps of the building, and he offered to help me.
talking.
o"rrwr"n^ctrcr
$
Did you like him right away? Oh, yes. I liked
him
a
lot. He seemed really nice
and handsome. too.
C
Work in pairs. Practice the conversation below with your own information. Show interest.
A:
How did you meet
?
B: We met A: That's interesting. Go on. Tell me more. B: Well, he/she seemed
O D Pronunciation
Reductions
with didyou
Listenandrepeat.
Speakers often reduc e Did you.
1. Did you have a good time? 2. Didvou like her?
a I Canrrr
3. How
did you meet?
4. How
did you get there?
usâ&#x201A;Źexpressionstoshowinterest.
!
Verywell
I Well E
Notverywell UNIT 2
â&#x201A;ŹGRAMMAR O A Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 83
cD 1-12
He had an accident while he was driving to work.
It started to rain while they were waiting for the bus. I was working in a bank when I met him. She was
living in Brazil when she won the prize.
NOTES:
r r
o
B
ONLINE PRACTICE
Use Use
the simple past for completed actions. the past continuous for actions in progress in the past.
Complete the sentences with the simple past or the past continuous form ofthe verbs in parentheses.
l.
I
(walk) home when it suddenly
2. We
(start) to rain.
(see) an accident while we
3.Myphone
(stand) at the bus stop.
(fall) on the floor while I
4. Ashley
(get) dressed.
(watch) TV when her mother
(arrive),I
5. WhenJake
(call).
(listen) to music.
c Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. Use the simple past and the past continuous. Example: Roger
/ ride abike / have
an accident
A: What happened to Roger? B: He was riding a bike when he had an accident.
1.
Dan / go rock climbing have an accident
a game / meet a famous person
4. you / watch
D GrammarThlk!
/
2.
Liz
/ be in class
/
3. Tom and
meet someone famous
5. your friends /
Sara's
start to rain
life
hike
/
6.
/
Jan
/ play on
a
team
/
win a prize
StudentApageg4, Student B page 97.
' I Ca n r r r usâ&#x201A;Ź the simple past and the past continuous. n 10
Susie
get engaged / eat dinner
Verywell E Well
E
Notverywell
O
READTNG AND wRrrrNG
O A
Read and listen. What did Mike lose? What did he find?
cD 1-13
Strange Stories
LOST
AND FOUND
I heard an odd story the other day. My friend Mike travels a lot for his job, and he always flies on the same airline. Last month, he was flying to Philadelphia for a meeting
and he couldn't use his cellphone during the flight. The plane arrived in Philadelphia, and Mike started getting all his things together. As the plane was taxiing down the runway, Mike suddenly realized that he couldn't find his phone. The flight attendants were very nice and they let Mike stay on the plane after everyone got off. He crawled around the floor of the plane for almost an hour, but he
couldn't find it. He was very upset because he needed his phone for the meeting. He called his phone company as soon as he could and told them. When he got back home, he bought a new phone, just like the old one. Three weeks later, his company sent him to New York for another meeting. Mike found his seat on the plane and settled in for the flight. As the plane was taking off, a hard object hit his foot. He looked down and saw the phone he lost three weeks ago!
WRITING Making a timeline
B
Write the letter of the event in the correct order on the timeline.
a. Mike found his old phone. b. He looked everywhere for the phone. y' H" flewto Philadelphia.
d.
A timeline organizes
your ideas when you are aescribing events and helps you put them in the correct order before
writing.
He bought a newphone.
e. He flewto
o*rr"rr*^"",",
NewYork. s---'
'
'ii
--'s -' . "
-'-"-s
;
CUTTURE TALKT
interesting or important that happened to you or to someone you know. What happened? Put the events in order on the timeline.
C Think of something
-. - j:... .
D Write
::=:.:''
'----. â&#x201A;Ź"--.=---'--" " rs"'--.- . . - _'-+-''_-'-" '""__r"____"*_ '
m6kâ&#x201A;Źatimelinetoorganizeideas.
!
Verywell
::tt i,-.::;=:4.:: :
:;
:-:.: ::a:
In Spain, you can talk on your cell phone on public transportation and in restaurants. Do you think this is OK? Why or
aparagraph. Use the information in your timeline.
a l Canrrr
#
why not?
I Well !
Notverywell UNIT 2
tl
â&#x201A;Ź
vlEwlNG: Ayoung mayor Look at the photo. How old do you think the mayor is?
'li!t''.. *,. =: a;' .r?'
r
o
or 1-*
r; ''
:ilil
,
:ll:
,
B
flif
Watch the video. Check Cn.ir does these things in the Past, Now, or in the Future. More than one answer mav be correct.
::,i'
VIEWING Noticing time markers To decide if an event
i 2. go to high school
is in the past, present, or ruture, notice time
4. have an office in his house
markers like last, now, soon, and next.
5. go to college
o*.r*rrn^cncr
6. play a musical instrument
_?.
c Watch again and answer the questions. l.
Do people think Chris
will
be a good mayor?
2. How manyvotes did Chris get? 3. How much will Chris get paid for being mayor? 4. What does Chris want to study in college? D
CULTURE TALKT '
Discuss with a partner how old you think people should be to do these things.
1. become mayor
2. vote
F- I GoJr... 12
S
3. drive a car 4. use a credit card
notice time markers. l-l
Verywell
n Well !
Notverywell
:::,?i.,.
,:,a
In parts of Canada, l4-year-olds can drive (with an adult in the car). What is the minimum driving age where you live?
()
PREsENTTNG A
Read. Then present
it to a partner while making eye contact.
PRESENTING Making eye contact Make eye contact with
your audience. Look in
one person's eyes for or two seconds, then
:r:
look at the next person.
orutrle
pnecrrcr fl
c#s I met my best friend, Judy, in my first year at college. We
were in the same biology class with about 200 students. One day
after class, someone came up to me and said, "Hey, Judyl" I said, "I'm not Judy. My name is Caroline." Embarrassed, the person said, "I'm sorry. You look so much like my friend Judy!" I tried to find Judy in class the next day, and it didn't take long. She really
did look like me! I introduced myself and told Judy what had happened the day before. We both laughed over the story, and decided to go out for coffee. After that, we became great friends. When people see us together, they often think we're sisters!
$
Complete the timeline below with information from the presentation. :ttrtilkirtq
Judy ancl
otil ol
Caroline
bir:loc1y
<
becante qreat
lctss.
f riends.
C tnink
about how you met a friend. Take notes below.
Name of friend
D
Where did you meet?
Make eye contact
When did you meet?
with another at the end of
How did you meet?
each sentence.
Stand up. Use your notes from Part C to tell a group about howyou met your friend. Remember to make eye contact.
' I Canrrr
rriikâ&#x201A;Źeyecontact.
I
Verywell
n Well n
Notverywell
Vocabulary and Llstening Listening for opinions Speaklng Offering encouragement
{)
Viewing Evaluating opinions Presentlng Changing speeds
Grammar
and enough Reading and Writlng Understanding tone Too
vocABuLARY AND LrsrENrNG A
Listen and repeat.
"9-," .t
-r
-."ry
nb r-*'* J-: l.
2. school uniforms
household oets
6. celebrity news
5. video games
4. veqetarianism
3. fast food
8. climate change
makeup
oB Match the words with their meanings.
ONLINE PRACTICE
food a. stories about famous people b. animals such as cats and dogs climate change -2. 3. celebrity news c. not eating meat - 4. vegetarianism d. hamburgers and French fries, for example - 5. household pets e. the idea that the Earth is getting warmer -Listen to people giving opinions. Listen and number the topics from l-4. I.
oc
fast
cD 1-15
fast
food
school
uniforms
the people oD Listen Again Circle the correct Do
l.
pets
video games
-
-
-
-
household
agree or disagree about the topic?
answer.
LISTENING Listening for opinions
Disagree
Listen for words such
2. Agree
Disagree
as I think, In my opinion, and I agree/disagree
3.
Agree
Disagree
4.
Agree
Disagree
Agree
to identify people's
opinions. oNtttr"nncrtc, f
' I Canrrr 14
listenforopinions.
!
Verywell
n Well !
Notverywell
â&#x201A;Ź^sPEAKTNG I
Put the conversation in the correct order. Number the sentences l-6. I like it, but I'm too busy.
O B
How's your new job?
- I wish I had time to meet people. - I m sure things will get better soon. -Listen to the conversation. Then practice
- Oh, that's too bad. - I hope so. with a partner.
W ryfl}
SPEAKING Offering encouragement .f .,rurdll
Brett: Nikki:
Use expressions like Everything is going to
be
OK and Things will get bette.r soon to help people
So, how's everything?
Good. I love living here. There are enough museums and art galleries to keep me happy for years, but I don't have enough time to enjoy them.
Brett:
Why not?
Nikki:
I'm too busy at the office. There are too many projects and not enough people to work on them.
Brett: Nikki:
That's too bad.
reel bettero*u*r pnncrtca f'
I'm too busy to meet people and make new friends. I r,r'ish I had more time to go out.
Brett: I'm sure things rvill get better soon. Nikki: You think so? Brett: Absolutely.
CULTURE
TALKI
In Amsterdam, the
Netherlands, there is a cat museum. Do you know of any other unusual museums?
c Work in pairs. I)ractice the conversation below with your own
ffi qrd
information. OlTer encouragement.
A:
So, how's
everything?
B: Good,but
A: I'm sure things will
get better soon.
B: Thanks. How are things with
oD
Pronunciation
you?
Think vs. sink Listen and repeat. Words like think
and sink are pronounced differently.
1. things /
sings
2. thank / sank
- I Can rrr usâ&#x201A;Ź expressions
3. tenth / tense
to offer encouragement.
!
Very
4. worth / worse
well n Well I
Not very well
UNIT
3
15
â&#x201A;ŹGRAMMAR O
Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 84
"9r, That movie is too violent for children.
That movie has too much violence.
That's too spicy for me.
There are too many commercials.
Alex isn't old enough to see that movie.
There aren't enough programs for children.
NOTE: t Use too manv
with count nouns.
O B Complete the sentences. 'R*ii:' l. I don't have
Use too much
with noncount nouns.
Use too, too much, too many, or enough.
time to get all my work done.
2. The music is
loud in stores nowadays.
3. There are
people on the train in the morning.
4. Fast food isn't healthy
to eat every day. homework on the weekends.
5. We have
c Work in pairs. Give opinions. Have your partner tell you ifthey agree or disagree.
Example: school uniforms / boring A: I B:
think school uniforms are too boring.
I agree I disagree. I think...
1. video games
S*':*
/
2. vegetarian restaurants
violent for children
4. fast food / not
healthy
expensive
5.
16-year-olds
'' 16
I GEll...
3. household pets / expensive
/
not old / to drive
D Grammar Talk! What
/
6. celebrity news. not important
does luan think? Student A page 95, Student B page 98.
useroo andenough.
!
Verywell
n Well !
Notverywell
O 9,,
READTNG AND wRrrrNG A
Read and listen. What is the writer's opinion about school uniforms?
ore schools here are requiring students to wear uniforms. Many students, and even some parents, are against the idea of school uniforms. Their main argument is that uniforms are too restrictive; that is, they don't allow students to express themselves. However, in my opinion, there are three reasons that school uniforms are a good idea. The first reason is that they save time. Children can get dressed faster in the morning when they don't have to spend time deciding what to wear. Secondly, uniforms save money. Brand-name clothing is too expensive for many parents in our community. When everyone in school wears the same clothes, children don't have to worry about how expensive their clothes appear. Finally, I feel that uniforms make people look professional. We tend to take people in uniforms more seriously. READING This makes people feel and act more professionally, which leads
to better behavior at school.
Understanding tone
In conclusion, many students complain about school uniforms, but I think that uniforms have many benefits.
Writers can be objective with facts, or subjective with opinions, using ln my opinion, I feel, or
I think.
B
Is the writer being subjective or objective? Underline the three expressions in Part A that tell you.
o"rr"r
"*^"rr", i!*
c Complete the chart with the writer's reasons and examples. Opinion: School uniforms are a good idea. Reasons
Examples
1"t reason:
children can get dressed faster
2nd
reason: uniforms save money
3'd reason:
D
Choose a topic you have an opinion about. Create a chart similar to the one
in
Part C with three reasons and examples to support your opinion.
E
Write
a
paragraph about your opinion. Use the information in your chart.
- I Canrrr
râ&#x201A;Źcognize tone in a
reading.
!
Very
well n Well !
Not very well UNIT
5
17
â&#x201A;Ź vlEwlNG: The uniform debate A
Look at the photo. Do you like these school uniforms? Why or why not?
.;iG ;'3 ff
1$ ,uB Watch the
ffih' t:t
j"
..*.
l.
wATcH
rif :::' -:
iiâ&#x201A;Źn,
,,,
,i;ii
-2.
:.4:l
video. Write T (true) or F (false).
Students wore uniforms in the 1950s.
VIEWTNG Evaluating opinions
At the Harris Academy, students started wearing uniforms.
As you watch, evaluate people's opinions. Do
you agree or disagree
3. Students'
scores at the Harris Academy have gone down because of uniforms.
-
with themT This
connects you to the topic.
Students at the Harris Academylike their uniforms.
U C
-4. 5. Students should be proud of their street image. Parents have to pay for new uniforms. -6. Watch again and circle the correct words.
oo,rt*r"*^"rr""
Then write A (agree) or D (disagree) next to each statement.
l. -
School uniforms create a sense of b
elonging
CULTURE TALKT
/ re sponsibility.
reG
When you're proud of what you're wearing, you'll work harder / stand up straighter.
-2. 3.
School uniforms in Brazil will have small GPS
-
When students can choose their own clothes, they're happier / better behaved.
-4.
Everybody just accepts everybody for who they are / what they look like and,what they wear.
computers that tell parents when their children arrive at school. Do you think this is a good idea?
5. Uniforms mean that money /fashion
D
style isn't reflected in the clothes that you're wearing.
Discuss your opinions from Part C with a small group. Give reasons for your opinions.
F. I GdJl... 18
S
evaluateopinions.
!
Verywell
n
Well
fl
Notverywetl
()
PREsENTTNG A
"9,,
PRESENTING Changing speeds
Read and listen to the presentation. Put a slash (/) where the speaker changes speeds.
Changing speeds makes
your presentation more rnteresting. Slow down
.T:
ar lmportant parts, like rey points andjokes,
so
your audience can think
or laugh.
oNr,lxr
pnactrce
{'
I have an idea for a new law. I think everyone should have to do one hour of community service every month. people could do
things like tutoring at schools, cleaning up parks, and painting public buildings. we're all members of this society, so we should contribute to it. we already contribute money by paying taxes, so why not contribute time, too? we would actually have to pay lower taxes, because the government wouldn't need to pay so many people to do community work. And this rule would also help to create community spirit. I think it would be a really great law.
B
Read the presentation to a partner. Remember to change speeds.
c
Think ofa
rule. It can be silly or serious. Answer the questions. l. What is the rule? ner.t'
2. Who has to follow it?
It's better to slow down in the middle of
3. Why is this rule a good idea?
D
stand up. use your notes from part c to tell a group about your new rule. Remember to change speeds.
a sentence
than across sentences.
_.1 Can rrr change speeds in a presentation. I
Very
well n Well E
Not very well
d:r ' -
tr
{)
vocABuLARY Circle the correct word or words to complete each sentence.
1.
2.
I'm taking guitar lessons because I want to go rock climbing / play in aband
3.
I can,.. understand vocabulary about life experiences. (Unit 1)
My sister and I went hiking / on a safari / surfing in Africa last year. We saw a lot of elephants.
/
do arts and crafts.
John does business / does arts and crafts He has a meeting with some
/
plays on ateam weet<
in Singapore.
"]*: ln:I. lttf
4.
5.
6.
I can...
understand vocabulary about events.
My sister got engaged / got married / graduated from college last month. The wedding will be next summer. Elisa wrote a story for a writing contest. She uisited / won a prize / graduated from college of $SOO. I saw Tom Cruise at the mall once. Have you ever / h.ad an accident? met someone famou1 / gone on an
(Unit 2)
Tdventvre
7,
I can't get a cat. My apartment building doesn't allow celebrity news household pets
8.
/ makeup.
I don't think people should eat meat. What is your opinion on fast food / climate change
9.
/
I Can... understand vocabulary about opinions. (unit 3)
/ vegetarianism?
In my opinion, cars and factories are the main causes of
/ climate change / fast food. I think school uniforms / video games /household vegetarianism
10.
pets are a good idea.
Students should focus on schoolwork.
O 1,.
GRAMMAR I've never gone
/
never went
/ 'm never
to London' go to class this morning?
gone
2. Have you gone / Did, you went / Did you 3. When Sarah called / has Sarqh called / did Sarah call? 4. Have / Did / Has you ever played on a team?
I can...
use the perfect and present the simple past.
(Unit
t1
I can... use the 5 Jack were / is / u_ias running when he fell / was falling / falling. simple past and the 6. I called / was calling / call Ann while I walked / walking / was walking' past continuous. hand' her (Unit z1 cuts cutting / was 7. May cooked / was cooking / cookwhen she cut /
g. g.
This car is expensiue
enough
/
too expensive
/ enough expensive.
is too old / not old enough / old enough to drive. He's only ten. 10. Do you want to come over? I made too much / too many / not enough food.
20
Jack
I can... enough. (Unit 3)
use foo and
F',qffif"!â&#x201A;Ź==f.=::
Units 7-3 â&#x201A;Ź
READTNG
O A
Read and listen to the email. Where is the
sk
writer right now?
d
= lr
:.,
Frances Woodward
- i' '' .
Robert Woodward
,;:
Rest and relaxation!
',',..
7*
Hi Mom,
Ann and I are still on vacation in Los Angeles. We're having such a great time. On our first day, we went surfing at a beautiful beach. The next day, Wednesday, we went hiking with some of Ann's friends from college because she went to college here. On Thursday, I went rock climbing, but Ann didn't want to go. She's gone rock climbing before, but she had an accident five years ago. That day she was climbing the side of a mountain when she fell and broke her leg. So, on Thursday she spent the day shopping in downtown L.A. instead. Yesterday, we drove all over L.A. We went to Hollywood, Brentwood, Santa Monica, and Venice Beach. We were hoping to meet someone famous. We didn't actually meet any famous
people, but we saw Jennifer Lawrence while we were having lunch. She was in the movie Ihe Hunger Games.
We've been really busy so far. We've done activities during the day and we've gone out to dinnerr every night. Tonight, we're too tired to go out. We're going to get some fast food and relax in our hotel room. I want to watch TV and Ann wants to read maqazines and catch uo on
celebrity news. She loves that stuff. We'll see you next week.
B
Complete each sentence with information from the article.
l. What day did Robert and Ann arrive in Los
Q
Aneeles?
2.
Who clid they go hiking with?
3.
What were they doing when they saw a famous actress?
4.
Why did Robert and Ann decide to stay in their hotel room tonight?
5.
What does Ann want to do tonight?
Imagine that you are on vacation in your favorite city. Write an email to a friend and talk about three things that you've done so far.
SELF-ASSESSMENT I UNITS 1-3
21
Vocabulary and Listenlng
Grammar
Inferring setting from context
Infinitives and gerunds Reading and Wrlting Brainstorming
Speaklng
Asking for more information
()
Vlewlng Paying attention to visuals Presenting Telling stories
vocABULARY AND LrsrENrNG
O n Listen and repeat.
cD 7-22
l.
2. bowing
using titles
5. using chopsticks
o
6. removing
shoes
B
Match the words and the situations.
C
chopsticks -1. tipping -L 3. shaking hands removing shoes -4. giving gifts -5. Listen to the conversations.
ONLINE PRACTICE
"9,,
at a
restaurant
tistenrn\ D O ^ -'AE;itt
tD7'23
3. tipping
4. shaking hands
7. giving gifts
8.
a. afterpayingatarestaurant b. before entering a home, inJapan for example c. when eating at a sushi restaurant d. after arriving at someone's house for dinner e. after a job interview Where are the people? Number the conversations at someone's
home
in
a
taxi
l-4.
in an office
-
-
-
LISTENING Inferring setting rrom context
What customs are the speakers performing? Circle the correct answer.
1. using titles 2. tipping 3. using chopsticks 4. giving gifts
making small talk
Listen for specific details and words of places. They tell you where the speakers in the conversation are.
shaking hands giving gifts
tipping making small talk
o*rrNr""^cncr
l 22
t I Can...
infer setting in conversations about customs.
!
Very
well E Well !
ffi
Not very well
â&#x201A;Ź^sPEAKTNG I
Complete the sentences. Use the words below. :
i customs else A:
Im going to
B: Well, it's
A:
Je Japan
remove tip
i
next week, and I need some advice aboutJapanese
i mportant to
your shoes when going to someone's house.
Anything
B: Yes. You
don't need to
taxi drivers.
O B Listen to the conversation. Then practice
with
SPEAKIilG Asking for more information
a partner.
cD t-24
Use expressions such as What else? and
Dani: Guess what, Nikom. I'm going
Anything else? to get
to Thailand next month.
Nikom:
Dani: Nikom:
tne speaker to give you
That's great. Maybe you can visit my family while you're there.
more information.
ot*tr"r
That would be very nice, but I need some advice. I ve never been there before.
"*^"rr", .*
Well, it's important to smile a lot. It's the easiest way
to say thank you.
Dani: Nikom:
What else? What about shoes? Yes, removing them is
customary.
Dani:
Nikom:
Anything else? Yes. Do
not touch or pat someone's head. It's very impolite.
c Work in pairs. Practice the conversation belowwith your own information. Ask for more information. A: I need some advice about B: Well, it's
CULTURE
TAtKt
customs.
lwdftffi#s$.WrffS*i
important to
Diners at restaurants in the U.S. usually leave a tip of !5-2O%. Why do people sometimes leave big tips?
A: Anything else? B: Yes.
I
il
r
' l Canrrr
useexpressionstoaskformoreinformation.
!
Verywell
n Well !
Notverywell UNIT 4
23
â&#x201A;ŹGRAMMAR A
Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 85
"9,, It's customary to eat with chopsticks in Taiwan.
Tipping taxi drivers is unnecessary in Vietnam. Eating with chopsticks is customary in Taiwan.
It's common to eat dinner late in Spain.
Eating dinner late is common in Spain.
It's impolite to whistle in India.
Whistling is impolite in India.
It's unnecessary to tip taxi drivers in Vietnam.
o
Complete the sentences. Use the infinitive or gerund form of the verbs in parentheses.
!
ONLINE PRACTICE
loudly in a restaurant in France. (talk)
It's impolite
1.
someone's age is impolite in the United States. (ask)
2. 3. It's
customary
a
eye contact
4. It's a good idea
/
during
a
job interview. (make)
at someone is impolite in Canada. (point)
D.
C
gift for the host of a dinner party. (bring)
Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. Use infinitives and gerunds. Example: Example:
as a wedding present
/ unnecessary A: Is it customary to tip inJapan?
in Taiwan?
B: No, tipping is
Taiwan / OK
A:
Is
it
Japan
OK to give money
unnecessary.
giving money as a wedding present is OK in Taiwan.
B:
Yes,
l.
South Korea / customary
4.
Spain /
common
D PronUneiatiOn
3. Mexico / impolite
2. Canada / unnecessary
5. the
U.5. U.S.
Reductions
customary / customary
6.
Poland / common
with to Listen and repeat. zo is often
reduced in infinitives. f
.
2.
It's polite to shake hands. It's impolite to whistle.
E GrammarTbtk! Is
24
' I Canrrr
it oK to...?
3. 4.
It's common to bow. It's OK to tip l5%.
Student A page 95, Student B page 98.
usâ&#x201A;Źlt+infinitiveandgerundsassubjects.
n
Verywell
! Well !
Notverywell
A
o
READTNG AND A
wRrrrNc
Read and listen. Does your countrv have anv of these customs?
Customs: Dos and Don'ts Before traveling abroad, it's a good idea to learn about local customs. That way, you'll avoid misunderstandings and uncomfortable situations. Here are useful tips: The "right" hand: In the Middle East, use your
right hand for everything. For example, it's impolite to use your left hand to give someone a gift, or to eat with it. Chopsticks: When eating with chopsticks in many Asian countries, put your chopsticks down on the table in front of vour bowl or plate. Never hold chopsticks with both hands, and never stick them upright in a bowl of rice.
to a business meeting or a social gathering in Austria, be sure to shake everyone's hand in the room. It's rude to leave someone out. Shaking hands: When you go
Business cards: In Japan, it's important to examine a person's business card very carefully. It's also a good idea to look at both sides of a business card and make positive comments about it. Putting it in your pocket without looking at it is rude.
B Write T (True)
l.
or F (False).
-
Don't use your left hand when eating in the Middle East.
-L
you are finished eating.
WRITTNG Brainstorming
In Asian countries, stick your chopsticks in your bowl when
3.
In Austria, leave the room before you shake everyone's hands.
4.
Read business cards very carefully in Japan.
-
c
U/rite down as manv things you can thinl of that are related to vour
topic. Focus on quantity, and not quality.
oNr.nsr
pnecrrce
{'
UNIT
4
-Think about a country's
customs that people should know about. Choose a topic below or use your own ideas. Brainstorm on a separate piece of paper. table
manners
gifts
money
being on
time
greetings
D Write
aparagraph about the topic you chose. Use the information from your notes.
' I Can...
brainstormbeforewriting.
!
Verywell
n Well !
Notverywell
25
='# '+*i?
1:
A
Look at the photos. How are these people's eating customs similar to yours? How are they different?
B
Watch the video without sound. What do vou think it savs about food customs? Write your ideas.
# ffi* :;i*
& FI -r: ,
".4$F
-ffi-
-.+s
$
?* *' ;, .'.** :-,i1..,r
.,'::
1:
o
VIEWING Paying attention to visuals Pay attention to visuals. They help you understand words. and they can give you
more information than
_9,,
s
C
Watch the video with sound. Were anv of vour ideas correct?
words do.
ottr*t r*^"rr",
D Watch again.Check f,whatthe video says about food. ! f . food is a big part of our identity.
! ! n E n
Z. Vataysians eat a lot.
CULTURE
S. eating meals together keeps families together.
TALKI
+. food keeps cultures together. S.
ttt
'-.t::-;â&#x201A;Ź4@Z=.t=?12
impolite to eat with your hands.
O. At business meetings inJapan, the boss drinks tea first.
E Work with a partner. Make a guide about food customs for a
In Chile, it is impolite to talk when you are holding utensils (forks, knives, spoons). Is this true in
visitor to your country. Write four tips.
your country?
1.
2. 3. 4.
'' l COh... 26
,F
payattentiontovisuals.
!
Verywell
n
Well
n
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()
PREsENTTNG A
Read the presentation. What are the major events of the story?
PRESENTTNG TeIIing stories Stories help you make an emotional
connection with the
audience. When you tell a story, use a friendly, relaxed tone. oNr,rNr
â&#x201A;Ź-;
p*acrrcr f'
There are three boys in my family and we all wash our own
clothes. My mom used to wash everyone's clothes, so it was a lot of work for her. One day last summer, my mom had a fight with my oldest brother. My brother was angry because ail his clothes were dirty. But my mom found the clothes on the floor and not in
the laundry hamper. So, she decided not to do my oldest brother's laundry anymore. After a few weeks, she said everyone (my brothers and I) should also do our own laundry. My mom is happier now, and she has more free time. But my brothers and I were happier when our mom did our laundry.+l!;$
B
Tell a partner the story from Part A. Use a friendly tone.
c
Think of a story about your family. Take notes.
D
Stand up. Use your notes from Part C to tell a group your story. Remember to use a friendly tone.
Use descriptive
adjectives to
illustrate what your audience can see, hear, smell, and feel in your story.
' I Can... tellastory. fl
Verywell E Well
[]
Notverywell
Vocabulary and Listening
Listening for key words (1) Speaklng Using formal language
{)
Grammar Present perfect with since andfor Readlng and Wrlting
Viewlng
Using graphic organizers
Persuading your audience
Identifying cause and effect Presentlng
vocABuLARY AND LrsrENrNG
O Ar isten and repeat.
a'n g,l 'b
* 1. graphic artist
o
B
O C
4.
6.
7. sports instructor
8. surgeon
mechanic
police officer
Match the jobs with the descriptions.
l.
PRACTICE
3. photographer
ffi
5. cashier
ONLTNE
2. hairdresser
surgeon
a. repairs and works
with cars
hairdresser b. creates art on a computer -2. 3. cashier c. performs operations in hospitals graphic designer d. handles money in a store or bank -4. 5. mechanic e. washes, cuts, and styles people's hair -Listen to people talking about their jobs. jobs Number the
from
l-4.
cD 1-29
photographer
sports instructor
LISTENING Listening for kev words (1) listen for key words to
- police officer - hairdresser -'A$i' Write T (True) or F (False). ^ Listen D ",9, l. Speaker I works in a city. Speaker 2 works for a newspaper. -2. 3. Speaker 3 talks to customers. Speaker 4 likes being outside. -4.
' I Canrrr 2A
listen for key words about professions.
nelp you understand main ideas. They are olten nouns and verbs related to the main idea. orrtNe
n
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n
Well
tl
pnecrtcr f,
Not very well
(1)
â&#x201A;Ź^SPEAKTNG A
Vatch the questions and answers. Speaker A
Speaker B
a. I taught at Lincoln College for five years. b. I also write articles for magazines.
1. So, Ms. Hailey. How can I help you?
o
B
What kind of experience do you have? -L 3. What other skills do you have? c. I'm here to apply for the teaching job. -Listen to the conversation. Then practice with a partner.
Mr. Miller: Ms. Suzuki:
Mr. Miller:
SPEAKIIiIG Using formal language
Hello, Ms. Suzuki. How are you?
I've worked as a graphic artist for five years.
Mr. Miller:
Do you have experience designing websites?
Ms. Suzuki:
Yes. I ve designed websites since I graduated.
Ms. Suzuki:
use titles such as Ms. and Mr. and expressions such as k's a pleasure to meetyou.
How long have you worked as a graphic artist?
Ms. Suzuki:
Mr. Miller:
In formal situations,
I'm fine, thank you. I'm here to apply for the position as a graphic artist.
o*tt,tt""^"rr",
ffi
I'll look at your r6sum6, and I'll call you next week. Thank you for your time, ilIr. Miller. Itt a pleasure to Well,
meet you.
C
Work in pairs. Practice the conversation below with your own information. Use formal language.
A:
Hello. Ms./Mr.
.
How are vou?
B: I m fine, thank you. I'm here to apply for the position as a
A:
How long have you worked as a
B: For
A: Well, I'll look at your r6sum6, and I'll call you next week. B: Thank you so much for your time, Ms./Mr.
D PrOnuneiation cD 1-31
Stressed syllables Listen and repeat.
oa
o
1. graphic designer
o
3. photographer
o
5. engineer
a
2. hairdresser
' I Canrrr
Stress the bold syllables.
o
4. police officer
usâ&#x201A;Źformallanguage.
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6. cashier
fl
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!
Notverywell UNIT
5 29
â&#x201A;ŹGRAMMAR O A Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 86 I've worked here since I graduated.
How long have you worked here?
I've worked here for a few years: He's had that job since 2005.
How long has he had that job?
for a lon8 time,
He s had that.lo-b
They've been here since 10:00 a.m.
How long have they been here?
They've been here for two hours. NOTE: . Use since to say when something started. Usefor to say how long something lasted.
O ! ONLINE PRACTICE
Complete the sentences and questions. Use the present perfect form of the verbs in parentheses.
l.
Howlong
two years. (work)
at the design company
2. We
3. Howlong
a teacher? (be)
you this job
4. Sam
2010. (have)
I moved here. (know)
Marta
5. I
C
in Seattle? (live)
Natalie
Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. Use the present perfect.
Example: Leo lbe graphic designer / three years A: How long has Leo been a graphic designer?
,,,f
B: He's been a graphic designer for three years.
H
l.
2.
Lea / work at the hospital / 2008
Tony / know Carlos a long time
/
3.
/be police officer /
ffi Jim
he graduated
:
tu 4. they / study a
Chinese
few months
/
5, your family / live I
here
/
30
- I can...
use expressions with the present
Rich / have his car
/
one month
D Grammar Talk! How long has Mariko...?
''
6.
was born
Student A page 96, Student B page 99.
perfect.
n
Verywell
! Well n
Notverywell
O
o
READTNG AND wRrrrNG A
Read and listen. What is Susan Singer's job?
I have been a fan of Susan Singer's work for many years, ever since I first saw her beautiful wildlife
photographs. I had the opportunity to speak with her recently. Here's our interview: So, how did you become interested in
wildlife photography?
l've been interested in nature and wildlife since I was a child in elementary school. We learned
about endangered species-animals that might disappear from our planet, like the blue whale. So, I decided I wanted to help save them in some way. How did you start your career as a photographer? Well, my dad gave me a camera when I was in high school. I took pictures on family vacations and
school trips, and I took a lot of photos of animals. I studied photography in college and sent my photos to travel and adventure magazines. Finally in 2005, OutdoorWorld published some of my work, and I have been working as a wildlife photographer since then.
What do you like best about your job?
READTNG Using graphic organizers
It's exciting, and I get to travel to fantastic places. Since I started, I have been
to 230 countries, from Africa to Antarctica. I meet
Use graphic organizers to
wonderful people, and lcan do something creative and help save
write down notes from
a reading. They help you ro see connections and patterns between ideas
the planet at the same time.
B
Complete the graphic organizer with information in part A.
olrrNrnnacrrcr
*
Singer's job When she first
p:rsl-"*i"J:rs:-t1q*--j i '::-::'-1111-i111Y;
i,
*nl1n:rikes
it
i
C fnink
about your dream job. Brainstorm on a separate piece of paper your answers to the three questions from the interview.
D Write
lt
aparagraph about your dream job. Use the information from your notes.
I Cd h ...
use graphic organizers to understand a
reading.
!
Very
well E Well E
Not very well
UNIT
5
31
â&#x201A;Ź
vlEwlNG: Bollywood costume designer
w
P-.
A
Look at this scene from a Bollywood movie. What do you know about Bollvwood movies?
B
Watch the video. Complete the chart. VIEYYING
Identifying cause
Effect
Gause
and effect (1)
1. Bollywood films are very popular.
To answer Why?
questions, notice sentences with the word because. They help you to identify causes and effects.
The art of sewing specialized
2.
clothing is dying.
3. Bollywood is close to everyone's daily life.
otrtrttt
"*^""r",
.G
O C Watch again. Write T (true) or F (false). 1. Mumbai's film industry makes over 1,000 movies everyyear.
Neeta Lulla has been a costume designer for 28 years. -2. 3. She only designs clothes for movies. She has worked with 350 films. -4. 5. Neeta's craftsmen and women don't like their jobs. and a job that is "growing." What are some causes? Write your ideas in the chart, and then discuss them with a small group.
D Think of a job that is "dying"
CULTURE TALKT ffiSlsniNN.$F:â&#x201A;Ź'
Causes
I
****-.*"--J
${) I CaJl... 32
identifycauseandeffect.
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F,l:
Bollywood films are usually three hours long with a break in the middle. Should long movies have a break? If so, for how long?
Notverywell
()
PREsENTTNG A
PRESENTING Persuading your audience Tiy to persuade your
Read the presentation. Whv would the person be a good
sportswriter? Underline the three reasons.
audience by giving 3_5 reasons. Summarize your reasons at the end
or your presentation. owrrNr
erf & ,5*
"necrrcn f
s
would like to be a sportswriter. One reason why I'd be good at this job is because I know a lot about sports. I play soccer, I
CULTURE
basketball, and tennis, and I'm a big fan of these sports. I know
TATKI
everything about the professional teams, and I also know the rules of almost every sport. Another reason I'd be a good sportswriter is because I have strong writing skills. I read a lot, which helps to make me a good writer. I've worked really hard at becoming a better
writer, and my teachers tell me I've gotten pretty good at it.
Sportswriters around the world celebrate
International Sports Journalists Day every year on July 2"d. Are there any professional holidays in your country?
A final reason why I'd be good at this job is because I work
well under pressure. After a game is over, sportswriters have to write very quickly. That doesn't bother me, because I'm a pretty
r#*u
relaxed person.
the three reasons why I think I'd be a good sportswriter are that I know a lot about sports, I'm a good writer, and i work So,
well under pressure. I hope that I can be a sportswriter someday.
B rnintofajobyouwould
like to have. List three reasons.
Job:
Reason l: Reason 2: Reason l]:
Use words like
c
Stand up. Use your notes from Part B to tell the class why you rvould be good for this position.
D
Take a poll of your audience. How many people think you'd be good at the iob?
I, me, and my to persuade your audience about your
' I Canrrr
pâ&#x201A;Źrsuodemyaudience.
!
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n Well I
Notverywell
skills.
Vocabulary and Llstening Listening for clues to make inferences Speaking
Grammar Present perfect continuous Reading and Writing
Expressing surprise
Writing
{)
Viewing Understanding casual speech Presentlng Giving a balanced view
a topic sentence
vocABuLARY AND LrsrENrNG
O A Listen and repeat.
cD 1-34
1. train for a race
2. daydream
3. do volunteer work
4.
5. take a cooking
6. spend time at a
7. apply for a job
8. get a lot of sleep
theme oark
course
D !
ONLINE PRACTICE
learn how to draw
Complete the sentences with words from Part A.
l.
for the race?
Howlong didYoko
2. Josie helped out her
community by doing
3. Sam has been taking a Chinese 4. We try not to
in class. last night.
5. I'm so sleepy. I didn't
o
C
Listen to people talking about recent activities. Circle the correct answer.
l.
oD
a. take a cooking course 2. a. applyingforajob 3. a. spending time at a theme park 4. a. train for a race I ictan "'"dliin write T (True) or F (False)'
b. b. b. b.
training for a race doingvolunteer work getting a lot of sleep
taking a cooking course
The second speaker enjoys cooking and food. -2. 3. The woman isn't using a lot of money. The class meets everv dav. -4.
a4
Gd J1...
listen for clues to make inferences.
n
Very
Ijsten for important crues-words that describe activities and feelings-to make inferences.
1. The man has been busy lately.
fla I
LISTENING Listening for clues to make inferences
owtrwe
well n Well E
Not very well
pnncrtct fl.
Q^sPEAKTNG A
put the conversation in the correct order. Number the sentenc es l-6. When did you start that?
O B
A couple of weeks ago.
will you make me something? -When I need a few more classes first. -Listen to the conversation. Then practice
are you up to? -What I'm taking a cooking course. with a partner.
SPEAKING
Rick: Carla:
Hey, Carla. I haven't seen you for ages. What are you up to?
Expressing surprise Use expressions like
I'm studyin g alot, and I have a paper due next week. How about you? What have you been doing?
No kidding! and That,s amazing! to express
Rick: Carla: Rick: Carla: Rick:
I'm learning how to draw. I go to class three times a week. No kidding! How long have you been doing that?
surprise when you near something new or unusual.
A couple of months. o".rttr
How about your sister? I haven't seen her for a long time.
"*^"rr", ,ffi
Lisas fine. She's moving to Hawaii.
Carlaz That's amazing! I hope she finds something
she really likes.
Well, it's been nice talking to you.
Rick: Carla:
Good luck on your paper.
Thanks!
C PrOnunciation Reductions with been Listen and repeat. Speakers often reduce been.
J. 2.
D
3. Wevebeenworking. 4. He's been daydreaming.
I've been taking a course. She's been studying.
Work in pairs. Practice the conversation below with your own information. Express surprise.
A: Hi,
.
B: Right now I'm
\Arhat are you up to? .
How about you?
A: Im B: No kidding!
' I Canrrr
usâ&#x201A;Źexpressionstoshowsurprise.
!
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Not very well
UNIT
6 35
â&#x201A;ŹGRAMMAR O e
Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 87
cD 1-38
What have you been doing lately?
I've been working hard.
How long has he been writing the paper?
He's been
Have you been getting a lot of sleep?
i
writing it for two days.
No, we haven't been getting a lot of sleep.
NOTE: Use the present perfect continuous for actions that started in the past and continue into the present.
O ! ONLINf, PRACTICI
Complete the conversation using the present perfect continuous and the words in parentheses.
A: What'
CULTURE TATKI
lately? (you / do)
B:2
a
A:3 B: Oh, howlonga A: For three weeks. I also 5
a cooking course. (I
lot. And you? (I / go to theme parks)
ffiEW#
Everland is the most
/ take)
popular theme park in South Korea. Do you like to spend time at theme parks?
it? (you / take)
for
arace. (train)
Why or why not?
G Work in pairs. Ask and answer
questions. Use the present
perfect continuous. Example: you
A: What have you been doing lately?
B: Ive been getting
Samantha
a
lot of sleep.
3. you and your brother
2. Josh and Amy
5. Claudio
D â&#x201A;Źie=rnmarTelld V/hat's
5ta 36
I Giill...
Zack
Garla been...? Student A page 96, Student B page 99.
use the present perfect continuous.
!
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n Well !
Notverywell
@^READTNG AND wRrrrNG O e
Read and listen. What three things should you do to
he best way to train for a 5K race is to plan ahead, make a schedule, and think positive thoughts. A 5K race is five kilometers, or roughly three miles, long. I have been running in and training for these races for the past two years and have learned the best way to train for them. The first thing to do is to plan ahead. lt's important to start at least seven weeks before the big day so that you have plenty of time. The next step is to write out a schedule for yourself. For example, write down for how long you
train for
a 5K race?
will train each day. I think the best way is to run for 30 minutes one day and walk for 30 minutes the next. I have been doing this for the past year, and it is the best way to build up your muscles. Finally, think positive thoughts. For example, envision yourself winning the race, because if you think you can do something, you are more likely to succeed at it. I have been planning ahead, making schedules, and thinking positively for my last several races. lt's worked for me, and I think it will work for you, too.
WRTTING
B
Writing a topic sentence with details
Underline the topic sentence in Part A. Then answer the questions about the details that support the topic sentence.
l.
Write a clear topic sentence to introduce more specific examples and ideas in the
How many miles are in a 5K race?
2. When should you start training?
supporting sentences.
3. Why should you plan in advance? 4. What's an example of a training schedule?
o"rtt*r"*^""r",
5. Why should you thinkpositive thoughts?
fi
C fnink
about an activity that youve been doing lately. Write topic sentence and at least three details on the best way to do it. Take notes below. a
Mv recent activitv: Topic sentence:
Detail l: Detail2: Detail3:
D Write
a paragraph about your
activity. Use your notes.
-t
*]' I CaJl...
writeatopicsentencewithsupportingdetails.
!
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fl
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n
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UNIT 6
37
â&#x201A;Ź
vtEwlNG: A record breaker A Look at the photo. What are these people doing? What do you think a "record breaker" is?
,!;l;: -r ;
i,
o
*-
B
Watch the video. Answer the questions.
-
,l.
1. Where does Adam work?
2. How long has Adam been doing marathons? 3. How many miles do the kids run every week? a. \tVhy do the kids like to run with Adam? 5. Whv does Adam like to run with the kids?
O
again. Each time you hear the word like, correct column in the chart.
G Watch
checkflthe
".*F
cuLTuRE TALKI
-rreilffi The Midnight Sun Marathon in Norway starts at midnight. What do you think is a good time to start a marathon?
: rike with no meaning
vIEWtlf c
Understanding casual speech
D
Adam inspires people to run. Think of someone who has inspired you to do something. Talk to a partner. Answer these questions.
l.
Who inspired you?
Understand the difference between like as a word meanine "similar," and like as a filler word with no meaning.
2. What did they inspire you to do? 3. How did they inspire you?
38
=9.'t
I Can..' ""0"rr,""o."r"",*"".n I v"rv*"ff n well E Notverywell
onrrt*r
"*o"tr",
#i
n::,"
,ii.
()
':
PREsENTTNG A
Read. What good and bad things does Mindy say about the topic?
Wftnf ftaile Uru eenn dsing @?
Mindy J
recently started walking to work. I wos tired of the crowds on the subwoy, and I wanted to get more exercise. My friend I
Alison and I walk together, and we hove great conversotions, so I never get bored. Also, when I arrive at work, I have
a lot
of energy. I think it's a great way to start the day. But there are also some negative things about walking to work.l've been getting up half an hour earlier, and
that's not easy for me. Of course, I can't reod on the way to work anymore. Even with these negatives, walking is much better
than taking the subway.
B
Complete the chart below.
PRESENTING Giving a balanced vtew
Topic: Walking to work Positive things
Give a balanced view.
Negative things
Talk about the positive ano negative the good and
things
-
'
".ou",, bai
ofyour topic. ONLINE PRACTTCE
C tnint of something you have started doing recently.
Make notes in a chart similar to the one in Part B about the positive and negative things. Practice your
Topic:
D
Stand up. Use your notes from Part C to tell a group about your
recent activity.
' l Canrrr
giveabalancedview.
tr Verywell E Well n
Notverywell
pronunciation by putting a marker in your mouth before presenting.
{)
vocABuLARY Circle the correct word or words to complete each sentence.
L,
2.
In some countries, it's common to tip / shake hands / remove your shoes when you meet someone new. Tipping
/
/ Bowing in restaurants after you pay the bill
IJsing chopsticks
is customary in the United States. 3.
In many Asian countries, it's a custom to use titles / remove your / use.chopstt.O::"*o, pu:them by the door
4.
Stella is a graphic artist / photographer for a living.
5.
I have a great mechanic
/
police officer
/
/
I can... understand vocabulary about professions.
doesn't charge
(Unit s;
much for fixing my car. 6. 7.
8.
9.
Jane
wants to be
a photographer
/
/
hairdresser
surgeon
(Unit 4)
shoes
hairdresser. She takes pictures cashier. He
I Can... understand vocabulary about customs.
in a hospital.
Ken is a cashier / sports instructor / graphic artist at a grocery store. He has to remember the plices of fruits and vegetables.
I can.,. understand vocabulary about recent activities.
I daydreamed / got a lot of sleep / did volunteer work last night. I didn't wake up until ll:30 a.m. Let's take a cooking course / train for a race / apply for a job.I want to learn how to roast a chicken.
(Unit 6)
10. Shamar
spends time at a theme park / learns how to draw / does volunteer work in his community. He helps brings meals
to sick
people.
O 1..
2. 3.
GRAMMAR Use
/
To Use
/
Using chopsticks is
It's customary tipping / to tip / tip servers in the United States. In some countries, it's impolite eating / eat / to eat with your left hand.
4. We've known each other since / for / to six years. 5. I've lived in Osaka since / of / for 2O10. 6. He's u;ork / working / worked at the hospital since he finished 7. How long have you been /
8. 9.
I can...
not common in Thailand.
/
/
40
have Erin doing
/
have Erin been doing
/
use certain
present perfect.
school.
Has Jack been workinq a
lately?
L0. What
(Unit 4)
expressions with the (Unit 5)
I can.,.
have you / has youbeen studying?
Has Jack was working
gerunds as subjects.
I can...
has Erin been doing?
use the
present perfect continuous.
I been driving / I've driving / I've been driving for ten hours. Have Jack been working
use lf +
infinitive and
lot
(Unit 6)
Units 4-G â&#x201A;Ź
READTNG
O e
Read and listen to the information. What
kind of company isJefferson Advertising?
cD 1-40
Graphic Artist Position
Cutture Expert Position
Jefferson Advertising has been in business since 1993. For more than 20 years, our company has been creating award-winning print advertisements and television commercials. Our ads have appeared in international magazines and on popular websites.
Jefferson Advertising, an award-winning advertising company, has been in business for more than 20 years. Our international division has been growing, and our executives have been meeting with clients in Europe and Asia more than before.
We are currently looking for a graphic artist. In this position, you will work closely with our
our executives about the customs of different countries. For example, our employees need to know if it's customary to shake hands or bow when they meet new clients.
photographers to create eye-catching print ads. lt's also customary for our graphic artists to work closely with our web designers and
We're looking for a culture expert to teach
our copywriters.
lf you have the required experience for this job, please send a cover letter and r6sum6 to
To apply for the job, send a cover letter and
cu ltu
rejob@jeffad.com.
your r6sum6 to g ra p h icjo bc,)jeffa d.com. Sendi ng examples of your work is not necessary. However, please bring at least ten samples with you if we invite you in for an interview.
B Answer
l.
each question with information from the job ads.
How long has Jefferson Advertising been in business?
2. Who
will the graphic artist work with?
3. Where haveJefferson Advertising ads appeared? 4. Who
will the culture expert work with?
5. Why do executives at this company need to learn about customs in different countries?
c Imagine that you own a company and you are hiring a sportswriter. Write
a
job ad for the position.
SELF-ASSESSMENT I UNITS
4.6
41
Vocabulary and Llstenlng
{)
o
o
Vlewlng Identifying purpose Presentlng tntroducing a topic with images
Grammar Present perfect and continuous Readlng and Wrlting
Predicting content Speaklng Adding information
Scanning
vocABuLARY AND LrsrENrNG A
B
ONLINE
Listen and repeat.
1. go horseback riding
2. catch up with friends
3. practice martial arts
5. go to concerts
6. go to flea marketss
7. do
8.
h. have brunch
Complete the sentences.
l.
PRACTTCE
gardening
4. build a website
this weekend for some live music.
Let's
2. John needs
to
every day so he can get a black belt. you haven't seen in a long time.
3. Cafes are good places to 4. Jenna can show you how to
5. I like to
on her computer. and look for bargains.
O C Listen to people talking about leisure activities. Write T (True) or F (False).
cD 2-O2
1. Both speakers listen to music in the park.
o "g.,
The man started riding horses recently. -2. 3. The woman is 15 years old. The woman finished her site last month. -4. tt:.f!Bt,, answer that continues each :;:"1:,,J::est 1. a. Yeah, I'd love to. 2. a. I've had three. 3. a. Ivehadfour. 4. a. No,notyet.
42
' I Canrrr
b. Thankyou. b. Since I was 15. b. Foreightyears. b. Ivedoneitonce.
predictcontentaboutleisuretime.
I
Verywell
LISTENING Predicting content Predict content bv guessing what speakers
will talk about. This helps you to pay attention to what you hear. otol,tntt
n Well n
"necucr fl
Not very well
Q^SPEAKTNG A Complete
the sentences. Use the words below.
practicing doing A: Howhave you B: Just fine.
taking
been
doing?
What have you been
A: Well,Ive been
martial arts.
B: Really? Have you been
lessons?
A: Yes, at the college.
o
B
Listen to the conversation. Then practice with a partner.
SPEAKING Adding information After you answer a question, add more
information. This helps to continue and open up rne conversation.
orulrNr
"nacrlcr f-
Tom: Hi, Kristin. Kristin: Oh, hi, Tom. How have you been? Tom: Just fine. How about you? Are you doing anything interesting?
Kristin: Tom: Kristin: Tom: Kristin:
Well, just going horseback riding. I didn't know that. Have you been taking lessons? Yes, at BTA Stables. I've already
of,
than riding motorcycles in the U.S. Which activity do you think is more
have Listen and repeat.
in Wh- questions.
dangerous?
1. What have you been doing? 3. How manvhave vou had? 2. What have you been learning? 4. How long have you worked
D
More people get hurt from horseback riding
Pretty well. I think I'm becoming a really good rider.
People often reduc e have
2-O4
TALKI
taken eight lessons.
No kidding. How are you doing?
oc Pt'onunciation Reductions
cD
CULTURE
here?
#u
Work in pairs. Practice the conversation below. Add information.
A: I haven't
seen you for a while.
What have you been doing?
B: Just A: How are you doing?
B: Great! I think
' I Canrrr
ddd information to continue a conversation.
!
Very
well E Well n
Not very well
UNIT 7
43
â&#x201A;ŹGRAMMAR A
Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 88
"9,, What have you been doing lately?
How many websites have you built?
I've been building websites.
1:"
What has he been doing lately?
t:_"
o::: sol"s':
o.,T
ln::: ::T::
How many concerts has he gone to? He's gone to three concerts this week.
ll"iilll
What have theybeen doing lately?
How many games have they played?
They've been playing pickleball.
They've played four games.
NOTES: Use the present perfect to talk about things that are completed. Use the present perfect continuous to talk about continuing situations.
. .
O I ONLINE PRACTICE
Complete the conversation using the present perfect continuous or the present perfect and the words in parentheses.
A:r
you in a long time. (I
/ not /
see)
B: I know. What 2
lately? (you / do) up with my friends a lot lately. (I
A: Oh, not much really.3 B: Me, too. A:
C
all my time withJake and Susie at the caf6.
a
to the caf6 three times already this week. (I / go)
Yeah.s.
Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. Use the present perfect or the present perfect continuous. Example:
Example:
you
Jennifer I three today A: How many jobs hasJennifer applied for today?
A: What have you been doing lately?
B:
B: Ivebeengardening.
l.
Rachel / four websites this
4.
Liz
't I Can...
She's applied for three jobs today.
week 2. Marco
5. you / three times this
D Grarnmef Talk!
44
/ catch) (I / spend)
3. you and yourfriends
week
How many times has Rosa...?
6.
Rob
Student A page 100, Student B page 103.
usethepresentperfectanditscontinuoustense.
!
Verywell
n Well !
Notverywell
O
READTNG AND wRrrrNG A
READITG Scanning
Scan the text quickly. Answer the questions below.
1 How many
Scanning is looking qulctdy at a passage to find specific
people posted information on the site?
information. For example, look for names and numbers.
2. Who went to a concert?
Melanie
Chin
onrt"r
r*^"",",
,S
APR,L27
Art and ljust came back from a day-long horseback riding trip in Borrego Springs. We've been taking horseback riding lessons since January. We saw fantastic wild flowers that were in full bloom. What about you?
I
Pr{ile
Mario
endtos (st)
Perez
APRIL 30
What a week. I went to a concert at Oxford Hall and saw Girls' Generation. They were fantastic and they had great stage presence. And l've been getting a lot of exercise. l've played tennis with Mark three times this week. I won every game. I've also been practicing martial arts at the Planet Dojo school.
Notes Friends
Sachi
Nakamura
!1r\\
i
This week, l've been building a website for a new pet store. Check it
out here: PetPlace. When I haven't been building websites, l've been hanging out a lot with some old pals. Danny Smith MAY l All I've been doing this week is studying. I haven't watched TV so you know how busy l've been. I really need to get some shut-eye.
Read and listen. Then answer the following questions about the website.
"'9..
" l. Who did Melanie
go horseback riding with?
2. What did Mario do this week? 3. What do you think Sachi's job is?
4. What has Danny not been doing?
C take notes in the chart. Write Itve been...
'a I GdJl...
aparagraph about what youve been doing lately.
How many times?
scaninformationinatext.
n
Verywell
Where have you been doing this?
n Well !
Notverywell UNIT
7
45
:
â&#x201A;Ź
vtEwtNG: Ghinese opera star A
Look at the photo of these opera singers. Discuss the questions below with a partner.
l.
Do you like opera music? Why or why not?
VIEWING Identifying purpose
2. What do you know about Chinese opera? Have you ever
Think about the purpose and reason behind the video. Ask yourself Whv
been to one?
,"*"
B
Watch the video. Circle the purpose of the video. There may be more than one correct answer.
did someone make this?
What d.oes the vid,eo d.o?
i
a. To share the Chinese culture b. To inform viewers about an interesting person owrrurpnacrrcr
c. To encourage young people to join the orchestra d. To advertise Tyler's school e. To teach people how to sing in Chinese
#c
Watch again. Read the statements. Write T (true) or F (false).
l. Tyler speaks Chinese very well.
Several people in Tyler's family also sing. -L 3. Sherlyn Chew teaches children to speak Chinese. Tyler only sings by himself. -4. 5. All of the audience members are Chinese. Tyler has helped to bring Chinese and American -6. cultures together. D Work with a partner. Write an imaginary interview with
Tyler.
Ask and answer at least five questions. Use the model to help you.
A: So, Tyler. How do you like singing in a Chinese B: Well. I think it s...
46
' I Canrrr
identifypurposeinavideo.
!
opera?
Verywell
n
Well
n
Notverywell
f
I l. ,f,1,'l
()
.
PREsENTTNG A
Look at the photos about a person's leisure activity. What do you think the activity is?
PRESENTTNG Introducing a topic wlth images Use interesting images
ro rntroduce your
presentation. They make your presentation more exciting, and they help
people remember it.
o".r*."*^clc, dt
CULTURE TALKT Collecting autographs is a -million-a-year industry, especially in places like Los Angeles. Do you think this is a real job or just
$50
B
Listen to the presentation. Was your guess in part A correct?
cD 2-07
c Do you know someone who does an interesting activity? Make notes in the chart. Find memorable pictures that show
the actir.ity.
Activity
D
How long
Other details
a hobby?
ffiu ruiFt
Stand up. Shorv a group your photos. Then use your notes from Part C to present about the activity.
Encourage
your audience to guess about your pictures before
you tell them.
- | Canrrr
introduceatopicwithimages.
I verywell ! well n
Notverywell
r
. ,::..
Vocabulary and Listening
Listening for descriptive words Speaking Using phrases to agree
{)
o
Viewing Making predictions Presenting Focusing on key points
Grammar Used to Reading and Writing Making a cluster diagram
vocABuLARY AND LlsrENlNG A
Listen and repeat.
aa
mustache
\
^/\ 3. bald
2. wavy hair
4.
a
beard
iln: Hil
I[
ill
I
r ju:
oB Write the correct words from Part
ONLINE PRACTICE
l.
A next to their opposites below.
4. straight hair 5. neat
lazy
2. hairy 3. shy
o
c
8. studious
7. confident
6. neat
5. scruffy
Listen to people talking. Cross out the word that does not describe the people.
bald 2. beard 3. messy 4. scruffy 1.
icfan oD ""fi!*i" E
l.
il
confident neat neat confident
LISTENING Listening for descriptive words To identify people,
mustache
listen for descriptive words such as adjectives ancl nouns that the
scruffy studious
adjectives describe.
organized
\\rrite 1 (True) or F (False)'
or.tr"tNe
pnecrrcr I'
The new manager works in the cafeteria.
Jay has a mustache. -2. 3. People say that Allison is studious. Both speakers are probably on vacation. -4. - l Canrr. 48
listenfordescriptivewordsaboutappearance.
!
Verywell
n Well n
Notverywell
Q^sPEAKTNG A
l,latch the questions and answers. Speaker A
Speaker B
1. Who is that over there?
B
Mark? Why does he look so different? -2. 3. You're right. What else is different? -Listen to the conversation. Then
a. It's his mustache. b. His hair is shorter, too. c. That's Mark Gomez.
practice with a partner.
"9"
SPEAKING Spira:
Is that Kim Fisher? She looks so different.
I'hat's true. She used to have really long hair. Look how short it is now. Doesn't she look great?
I know, That,s true, and.
Spira:
lbu're right, she does. Remember how she used to be kind of scruffy? How did she get to be so neat?
you agree with what the
Sophie:
I don't know but she really has changed a lot. By the way, so have you. You didn't used to look so confident.
Sophie:
Spira:
C
Using phrases to agree Use expressions such as
You're right to show
thar
speaker said.
oNtrnrr^^"rr",
fl
I know. I used to be shy when I was younger.
Work in pairs. Practice the conversation below by describing a student in the classroom. Use expressions to agree.
A: This student B: Oh, is it A: Yes. Doesn't helshe look B: You're right.
o
D PrOnunciation
Consonant clusters with s Listen
and repeat.
Notice the sound of s with other sounds.
1. scruffy 2. school
' I Canrrr
3. studious 4. straight
usâ&#x201A;Źphrasestoagree.
n
Verywell
! Well n
Notverywell UNIT
8 49
â&#x201A;ŹGRAMMAR O A Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 89
cD 2-72
Did you use to be neat?
Yes, I did. I used to be neat.
Did he use to have a mustache?
No, he didn't. He used to have a beard.
How did you use to go to school?
We used to walk, but now we drive.
NOTES:
O B ONLINE PRACTICE
r
Used to
.
Used to
is for things that were true in the past but are no longer true in the present. is for affirmative statements, and use to for questions and negative statements.
Complete the sentences with used to and the verbs in parentheses. to school? (walk)
1. Did you
2,I
the subway to school. (not / take) her skateboard to school. (ride)
3. Gemma
so lazy. (not
4. Larry
/ be)
scruffv but now I'm much neater. (look)
5. I
c Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions with used to. Example:
Mark/haveabeard A: Did Mark use to have a beard? B: No, he
didn't. He used to have a mustache.
3. Claudia and Tim / be neat
1. Ana / have long hair
4.
Abby
/
have straight
hair
5.
Emma / be
confident
6. you /walk to school
D Grammer'TailId Did she use to...? Student A page 100, Student B page 103.
lt I GOJI... 5(,
askandanswerquestionswithusedto.
!
Verywell
! Well n
Notverywell
O
READTNG AND wRrrrNG
O A Read and listen. Why do some people choose not to go to reunions anymore?
HIGH SCHOOT REUNTONS Are people stillgoing to high school reunions? These people weigh in on
the topic of reunions.
JAMES: I went to a reunion last summer, and the changes were remarkable. For example, Randy and Rex, twin brothers, used to be so scruffy in high school. They didn't use to seem studious and goofed off a lot. Now, they're incredibly neat. They both came to the reunion wearing expensive suits and looking very dapper. And now they both have computer science degrees. Boy, have they changed.
MANDY:
Sometimes it's fun to go to reunions because you yourself have changed. For example, I used to be very shy in high school with barely any friends. l've become very confident and successful since high school. I think a lot of people at my last reunion were surprised when they saw me.
WEI:
I'm indifferent about reunions because I keep up with my friends on Facebook. lf l'm curious about someone, I can just Google them. You can find out a lot of information online such as what people look like or where they work.
B
Read the statements about the blog. Write T (True) or F (False).
l. Rex and Randy are friends. C
-2.
Rex and Randywent to college.
3. Mandywas confident in high school.
-4.
Wei likes to go to reunions.
Describe someone who has changed. Give examples. Use the cluster diagram to take notes.
WRITING Making a cluster diagram
..-) I
I
tsit ai
A cluster diagram helos you brainstorm. Write
I
I
T,_1 I
i
down your main idea,
,. -._,..-_-...--_t-
_
1 Personality
i
arong with supporting rdeas and examples.
--___*j__-_.--_,
j\.'-Appearance -----.'
i
oNrn*r"a^cncr Before:
(!f
Before:
After:
D Write
a paragraph about how a person has changed. Use your notes
I- | CaJl...
makeaclusterdiagrambeforewriting.
!
Verywell
from Part
! well !
C.
Notverywell
uNrr
I
51
{,
VIEWING: Stuart's new look A
Look at the photos. Lisa and Mica are going to give Stuart a rnakeover. What changes to his look do you think they will mtrke'?
B Watch the video. Did Stuart's WATCH
c
the changes you predicted in Part A'i
VIEWiNG Making predictions
\\ratch again. Cornplete the chart about Stuart.
Before you watch, predict what you think
makeor,.er include any of'
rs going to happen in the video. This heips you tocus on the content.
Hair
ONi ]NI- PRAC'I]CI
Clothes
Personality
D Think of a famous
person. What chunqes would you make'/ Cornplete the chart. l'hen discuss your icleas rvith a partner.
Famous Person: Before
#u*_T{$R# "qAE K:
After
Makeover TV shows are popular in Brazil. Are they popular in your
Hair Clothes
country? Do you like to watch themT
Personality
.-lfl:!', f. ;y.r : t.'fl
dn:"F ' I Ca n rrr 52
1T?kâ&#x201A;Ź predictions
about what l'm going to
see. tr
Very
well ! Well !
Not very well
()
PRESENTING A
PRESENTING Focusing on key polnts
Read the presentation. Underline and number the four key points.
Focus on 3-5 key points. tr you make too many
points, it will be difficult
for your audience to remember them.
ONLINE PRACT ICE
il { E
"dJ#@
i
...ih&, -.+ri.,.i.:!!..-.il
'
I've changed a lot since high school. First, my hair is very
different. I used to have short, curly hair, but now my hair is straight and a little longer. I used to be short, but now I'm pretty
tall. My personality has changed, too. In high school I was shy and studious, but now I'm a lot more confident and outgoing. And I'm more relaxed... I don't work as hard as I used to.
CULTURE B
Close your book. Try to
Can you remember them all'?
c
TALKI
list the key points in the presentation.
Think of a time in your past. How have you changed since then? Make not es in t he chart. Try to find a photo of yourself at that time.
High school reunions are becoming less popular in the U.S. Are they popular in your country? Would you like to go to one?
ffiu tr:at#
g
Ei
D
Stand up. Use your notes from Part C to tell your classmates how you have changed. At the end ofyour presentation' short' them an old photo ofyourself.
' l Can.'.
focusonkeypoints.
!
Verywell
n Well E
Notverywell
f4 Use hand gestures to
describe appearance - for example, your hair or height.
Vocabulary and Listening
Grammar
Listening for frequency words Speaklng Asking open questions
Questions with How long Reading and Wrltlng Using context clues
{)
Viewing Identifying persuasive techniques Presenting Using rhetorical questions
vocABuLARy AND LTsTENTNG
O I
Listen and repeat.
cD 2-74
1. get up early
2.
use an alarm
4.
3. do chores
ride a bike to school
I; ,
ffi 5. 90 to bed late
O B Complete ONLINE PRACTICf,
6. check my messages
FRt-
catch up on the news
8. take out the trash
the sentences with the correct words from Part A.
I spend long hours at work, and I have to keep my phone off during the day. So as soon as I get home, I . After dinner, I2 on TV because I always want to know what's happening in the world. When I go to bed, I have to 1
or I won't wake up on time. Sometimes r4_
but then I'm tired the next morning.
O Q Listen to people talking about everyday habits. Number the habits from l-4.
cD 2-15
doing chores
O
"9,
54
- riding a bike -tilfili'
- getting up early Checkflno* ofren each person does the habit.
1. tr almost always 2. Z never 3. I almost every day 4. a everySunday '
going to bed late
t I Cd 11... listen for frequency
habits.
I
To answer questions
with How oftenJ listen
for frequency words
! hardly ever l-l everv dav E once in a while ! everyafternoon words about
LISTENING Listening for rrequency words
such as always, often, and, never.
oxtrNrpnecrrcr
Very
well n Well n
Not very well
/-
â&#x201A;Ź^sPEAKTNG A
put the conversation in order. Number the sentenc es l-6. I studied it in Taipei.
o
Two years! How did you like it there?
- How long were you there? - So tell me. Where did you study Chinese? - I loved it. The food is great. - I was there for two years. - a partner. B Listen to the conversation. Then practice with
SPEAKTNG Asking open questions
Jade:
Welcome to theJadeJackson show. Today,I'm talking to the handsome actor, Stone Smith. Stone, could you tell me about your early life?
Stone:
Well, when I was little, I used to get up early and ride my horse to school every day.
Jade: Where did you grow up? Stone: I grew up in Texas. Not far from Houston. Jade: I see. And how long have you wanted to be an actor? Stone: Oh, I ve wanted to be an actor since I was a kid. After high
Begin questions with Tell to ask open questions and to get the speakers to give you more information. me about...
orlrxupnacrrcr
fr
school, I moved to New York to study acting.
Jade: Where did you study acting? Stone: At the Acting Studio. After that, I got my first acting job on TV.
C
Work in pairs. Practice the conversation below with your own information. Ask open questions.
A: Could you tell me something about your early life? B: Well, when I was little, I A: Where
B:I A: Howlong
D Pronunciation Past tense endings Listen and repeat. Regular cD2-77 verbs have three different sounds in the past.
O
checked / worked
' I Canrrr
moved / lived
sskopenquestions.
fl
Verywell
wanted / waited
n Well !
Notverywell UNIT
9
55
â&#x201A;ŹGRAMMAR o A Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 90
How long were you a teacher? Hgwtgng $id v:: lty: ll o-:3k31 Horv long have you been a photographer? How f91g tg.v-g 119u gtufi-ea. chi*::|
i I was a teacher from 2005 to 2012. i I tived there for ten years.
How long have you been living here?
i
! I've been a photographer for five years. i l:y-: :h'di:d -c-lil::: -fgl -'ir -gllhl: I've been living here since 2010.
NOTES: . Use how long with the simple past to ask about situations that have ended. . Use how long with the present perfect or present perfect continuous to ask about situations or actions that are continuing.
O B Complete the interview questions 'i*H:' A: So tell me. I
with how long and the correct form of the verbs. in Los Angeles? (live)
you
B: I ve lived here since 2006. as a musician? (work) you A: And2 B: I ve been working as a musician for ten years. to be a musician? (want) you A:3 B: I have wanted to be a musician since I was in high school. you in a band? (be) A:o B: I was in a band for four years. music lessons? (take) A: 5-you B: I took music lessons for ten years.
C
Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. Use the correct tense.
Example: you / since I was l0
A: How long
l.
he
B: I ve been doing chores since I was 10.
have you been doing chores?
2. Mark and Erik /
/ for two years
3. Robbie / since last year
San Francisco / for 5 years
't I {
i I I
rl|
J
4.
Maria / since last
month
5.
Ed
/ since he got
a
job
fit 6. Matt / for a few minutes
D Grammar TaIk! How long has she been...? Student A page l0l, Student B page 104.
' I Canrrr 56
iskquestions wlthHowlong.
!
Verywell
n Well E
Notverywell
O
READTNG AND wRrrrNG A
Read and listen. What
kind of home does Rob Santos have?
"9.,
Ever wonder what it might be like to live on a boat year-round? lt sounded fascinating to me, so decided to interview Rob Santos, who lives on a houseboat in Sausalito.
I
TelI me, Rob, how long have you been living on your boat? was living in an apartment in San Francisco, and I was driving over here to work atzotz Studios one day. l'm an animator, and I had just finished working on a cartoon about boats. I always wanted I
to live in Sausalito and be near my job.lwas looking for a house, but they're so expensive! lfound an old houseboat that needed a lot of repair-a real fixer-upper-for about half of what a house usually costs in Sausalito.
How long have these houseboats been here? Well, they used to build ships here. When the shipbuilding stopped, there were a lot of leftover
materials-pieces of wood, glass, and metal. Some bohemian kids moved here. They wanted a free lifestyle-they didn't have any money, and they didn't want regular jobs. They lived cheaply by building many of these houseboats out of the junk they found lying around.
How fascinating! So tell me something about your daily life. sleep great. The boat rocks gently all night. I ride my bike to work, and it only takes about ten minutes. lt's a nice life.
READING Using context clues
Find and circle in the interview the bold words below. Underline their context clues. Then answer the questions.
Context clues_phrases around unknown words-often help you guess and understand the meanings of
I
B
l.
As an animator. what kind of work does Rob do?
2. Why might a fixer-upper be less expensive than a regular house?
unknown words. ol*ttNt
"na"rrct fi;
3. What kind of materials are many of the Sausalito houseboats made
from? 4. Why might junk that is lying around be useful for bohemians?
c Interview and ask a classmate questions about their life or job. Write down notes on a separate piece of paper.
D
Use your notes and write a paragraph about your classmate's life. Use information from your chart.
CUTTURE TALKT About 15,000 people live on houseboats in the United Kingdom. Would you like to live on a boat? Why or
why not?
A ql'y ' I Canrrr
usâ&#x201A;Źcontextclues.
!
Verywell E Well
n
Notverywell UNIT
9
57
A
Look at the photos. What do you think these people are doing?
!r T6 .j;
-::lrti
'*B ,.
."a:::;:* ,':115
'i:il:
*i&{&s
&
B Watch the video. Which persuasive techniques Checkf,tn"-.
does
it use? VIEWING Identifying persuasive techniques
! t. negular people like you are doing it. I I ! I _R"
Z. It's agreatprice, so buy it now! g. Science proves that it works.
Advertisers use
different techniques to get people to buy their product. Tiy to identifv
+. famous people use it, too. S.
ttt better than another company's product.
them as you watch.
c Watch again. Complete the sentences. l.
all day does not mean Just because you're that you're going to be productive.
2. Becauseworkers can take should take sleeping breaks, too. 4. We all
breaks, they
down at various points during the day.
5. Science shows 6. Jo has
more
mind.
that having a nap can revive a
CULTURE TALKT ':a':
after napping.
Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions in the sleep survey. 1. How many hours do you usually sleep at night?
In Mexico, 30% of people sleep with two pillows. How many pillows do you use when you sleep?
2. Do you ever nap? How often? For how long? 3. Do you usually get enough sleep? 4. How do you feel when you don't get enough sleep? 5. Do you think napping at work is a good idea? Why or why not?
' I Canrrr 58
ffi
percent of 24-hour companies let workers sleep.
3. More than
D
onrrontrnecrtcr
identifypersuasivetechniques.
!
Verywell
n Well n
#n rr$t Notverywell
()
PREsENTING A
PRESENTING Using rhetorical questions
Read the presentation. What three habits does the speaker want to change?
Use rhetorical questions
lquestions we don,t expect people to answer) to get the attention of your audience. o*rt,.t, onactrcr
t I
Do you waste a
lot of time on the Internet every day? I do. I spend hours on social networking sites, watching silly videos, and gaming. I should really spend less time online. Then I'd have more time for more important things, like seeing friends, studying, and exercising. ? So
do I. I know I should go to bed
around ten so I can get enough sleep, but I usually stay up past
midnight. I think I'm going to try to go to bed an hour earlier every night. Then I'll have more energy during the day. ?
Then vou're like me. I should eat
healthy snacks, but I prefer junk food like potato chips and candy. I'd really like to have a healthier diet, but that's hard to do.
B
Read the presentation again. Underline the rhetorical question. Then
write
two more rhetorical questions in the blanks.
C fnink
of three habits you want to chanse. Make notes in the chart.
Why I want to change the habit L.
Ask rhetorical questions so your audience members
2.
can agree
5.
with you.
D
Stand up. Use your notes from Part C to tell a group about habits you'd like to change. Use rhetorical questions.
' I Canrrr
USâ&#x201A;Źrhetoricalquestions.
!
Verywell E Well
!
Notverywell
f
{)
vocABuLARY Circle the correct word or words to complete each sentence.
1.
I like to build websites
/
have brunch
/
catch up with friends on
the
weekends and see how they're doing.
2. 3.
I do gardening / go to flea markets / go horseback riding to relax. I grow vegetables and flowers in my backyard. I love live music, so I practice martial arts
/ go to flea markets
I can... understand vocabulary about leisure time. (Unit 7)
/
go to concerts.
4. Jason doesn't have any hair on his head. He's neat / bald / scruffy. 5. Mike's chin itches because he is growing a beard / a mustache / wavy hair.
6.
I can... understand vocabulary about appearance. (Unit 8)
Ken's shirt is wrinkled, he hasn't shaved, and his hair is messy. He Iooks studious / confident / scruffy.
7. I don't like to get up early / go to bed lqte / do chores.I'm usually in a bad mood in the morning.
8.
Karen doesn't drive to school. She uses an alarm rides her bike.
9.
I called you this morning. Did you catch up on the news / take out the trash / check your messages?
10. I don't have to
use an alarm
/
daes chores
/
I can...
understand vocabulary about habits. (Unit 9)
/ go to bed late / get up early. My roommate
wakes me up.
O L.
GRAMMAR We hauen't uisiting / haven't uisited / haven't been visiting my parents in over a year.
2. What have you been / you been doing / have you been doing lately? 3 Kara has gone / has beln gorng / have been gorng to Mexico five times
4. 5. 5.
I
used to have
/ use to have /
use to had a beard.
Did he used to look / use to looked Mark didn't used to
7. How long
be
/
use to look neat?
/ use to was /
use to be
scruffy.
have you live / did y,o, tiu, / have you livingin Texas?
8. How long did she took / she has taken / has she been taking piano lessons? 9. How long have you stayed / have you been staying / did you stay at Robert's house iast night?
10. We have been waiting / wait / waiting for about thirty minutes and the food is still not here.
60
I Can...
use the
present perfect and the present perfect continuous. (Unit 7)
I can... ask and answer questions with used fo. (Unit 8)
I can..,
ask
questions with How long. (Unit 9)
Units 7-9 â&#x201A;Ź
READTNc
O A Read and listen to the blog post. What event did the writer go to?
cD 2-20
f
usT fAcK:
REMEMBERING THE PAST
went to my high school reunion last night. Some people looked the same, but a lot of people looked completely different. My friend Alan used to have nice, wavy hair in high school. Now he's bald. My friend Tom used to look scruffy all the time, but not anymore. He's been working as a lawyer for the past two years, and he looks very I
confident and neat now. I spoke to a lot of people that I never used to talk to in school. We didn't really like the same things back then, but we found out that we have a lot in common now. For example, in high school, I used to go horseback riding and play soccer. A guy named Ken Wu didn't like sports. He used to read and play video games a lot. Now we both build websites. He's been a web designer for five years, and l've been building websites for two years. We also both ride bikes and practice martial arts now. We made a plan to take a bike ride together next month.
It was a great reunion. I have to take a nap
now though. I went to bed really late last night.
COMMENTS
Mary B. l'm going to my high school reunion next weekend. l'm a little nervous about it. I haven't seen most of my high school friends for ten years. l'm sure we've all changed a lot. Sean
K. I've been to two high school reunions. lt was really fun to catch up with
old friends.
B
Answer each question with information from the blog post.
l. What didJack's
friend Alan use to look like?
2. What hasJack's friend Tom been doing?
3. How long has Ken Wu been building websites? 4. When will Mary see her high school friends? 5. How many reunions has Sean been to?
c Imagine that you are at your ten-year school reunion. Describe what people were like in school and what they're like now.
SELF-ASSESSMENT I UNITS
7.9
61
Vocabulary and Listenlng Asking yourself questions Speaklng Refusing politely
{)
Viewlng Identifying points of view
Grammar Reported speech Readlng and Wrltlng
Presentlng Using pictures to explain
Summarizing
vocABULARy AND LrsrENrNc
O A Listen and repear.
cD 2-27
o
ONLINE PRACTICE
2.
5. romance
6. fantasy
science fiction
3. western
biography
&I
7. historical fiction
B Match the words and the book titles. l. western a. Space Adventure
oc
cD 2-22
1. mystery
8. children's literature
2053
science fiction b. Paul Cezanne: A Great Painter -2. 3. romance c. A Cowboy's Story biography d. Our Hearts Together Forever -4. You are going to listen to parts
of each book below. Write one question about the books. Listen and answer your question. Then
LISTENING Asking yourself questions
number the books from l-4. Your question Space Adventure 2053
-A
Cowbov's Storv
-'A#i' D ^ Listen "9,,
l.
Our Hearts Together Forever
-
Paul Cezanne: A Great Painter
Write T (True) or F (False).
When you know the topic, ask yourself questions about it before you listen. This helps you prepare to listen.
PaulCezanne studied to become a lawyer.
o*tr"t""^"rr"a
The man came from Silver Rush. -2. 3. The man wants to marry the woman. The story takes place in the future. -4. "
62
t I Ca n...
ask myself questions about
stories.
n
Verywell
! Well n
Not very well
s
Q^SPEAKTNc A
Complete the sentences with the words below. movte
reading
A: Hey, do you want to go to a
this great book.
B: Sorry, I'm busy. I'm
A:
one?
B: A mystery
The
Man Who Came Back.You can have it when I'm
A:
B
Listen to the conversation. Then practice with a partner.
"p,,
Ben:
Jill: Ben:
Jill: Ben:
Use Sorry, but...
Oh, hi, Ben. Say, have you written your paper for history class yet?
Not yet, but are you free tonight? I'd like to go over my notes with you. Sorry, but I'm busy. I have to work on an essay on science fiction novels for my English class.
with an
explanation to refuse a request politely. Use Maybe we can... to offer an alternative or a different option.
otatrtttt*^"tr",
That's right. You told me you were doing that. Well, maybe we can work on the history paper next week.
Jill: C
SPEAKTNG Refusing politety
Hi, Jill. It's Ben.
ft
Sure. Sounds good.
Work in pairs. Practice the conversation below with your own information. Refuse politely and offer an alternative.
A: Are you free tonight? I'd like to B: Sorry, I'm busy. I have to A: Oh, that's right. next week.
B: Maybe we can
O D PfOnUneiatiOn
cD 2-24
1. notes /
ua
Plural nouns. Listen and repeat. Nouns have three
sounds in the plural form.
books
I CEll...
2. westerns / biographies
useexpressionstorefusepolitely.
!
3. classes / romances
Verywell
! Well I
Notverywell
uNrr
10
63
€GRAMMAR O A Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 91
cD 2-25
Direst stat€rnentc and que*ions
Reporrcd statements and questions
"I'm tired of ghost stories," he said. "I've seen that western," he said.
/ told me he was tired of ghost stories. He said / told me Sam had read Einstein's biography. He said / told me he had seen that western.
"Are you reading a biography?" she asked.
She asked me
He said
"Sam read Einstein's biography," he said.
O B ONLINE PRACTICf,
if I was reading
a biography.
Complete the reported sentences with the correct form of the verb.
l.
"I'm late," she said. 2. "We're leaving," they said. 3. "I have to write an essay," she said. 4. "I saw the new mystery," he said. 5. "Thevve left." she said.
)
She said she
->
Thev told us thev
)
She
told us she
He said he
)
She said they
c Work in pairs. Report what the people said. Example: I m at the bookstore now. A:
What did she say?
B: She said she was at the bookstore.
1.
I read
yesterday's newspaper.
2. I told
my friends a funny
story.
3.
We have seen that movie.
/ ,
4.
l'm walking my dogs.
5. l'm having
car problems.
6.
ls
the store open today?
D Grammar TaIk! Do you like...? student A page 101, student
64
' I canrrr
u5€reportedspeech.
! verywell n well fl
B page 104.
Notverywetl
O
READTNG AND wRrrrNG A
Read and listen. How many paragraphs are there in the book review below?
"9,.
The Voyages of Zheng He exciting adventure story, and when I learn fascinating facts and a bit of history at the same time, so much the better. This is exactly what you get with The Voyages of Zheng He, the new work of historical fiction by Victor Guzman. I love an
Here's the story: Zheng He was a Chinese explorer who led expeditions throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Africa in the
early part of the 15th century. working with the emperor ZhuD| and leading his army, Zheng He commanded a fleet of 317 ships and 28,000 crewmen. Zheng He went on seven expeditions all together, in order to increase China's trade and knowledge of the world.
but Guzman did a lot of research. He interviewed Chinese historians and also traveled to many of the places Zheng He visited. As a result, the story is full of realistic details about Zheng He's life and times. We learn all about the people and the Zheng He encountered in his travels. TheVoyages of Zheng He is an entertaining way to learn more about Chinese history. I highly recommend it. The Voyages of Zheng He is a work of fiction,
CULTURE
TALKI
.
B
Answer the questions about the book review in Part A.
l.
In which paragraph does the writer of the book review say what the book is about?
2. In which paragraph does the writer of the book review say her opinion of the book?
:'
:
.
":.a?: :: "i. ;;'=;:;1n;;i:?.
=
Cellphone romancesromances written on and for cell phones-are
popular in Japan. Do you read books on your phone? Why or why not?
3. Why did Zheng He go on seven expeditions?
4. How did the author, Victor Guzman, do research for the book? 5. Why does the writer of the book review like this book?
c
Think about
a book you read. What was
WRITING Summarizing
it about? What
was your opinion? Write down notes on a separate piece
When you write a book review, you give a
ofpaper.
D Write a book review with a summary
of the main events in one
paragraph and your opinion in another paragraph. Use your notes in Part C.
summary and explain the main events onlv. Leave out small details that aren't important. oo,trttt"*^"rr",
' I Canrrr
writâ&#x201A;Źasummary.
I
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$
Notverywell
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ro
65
â&#x201A;Ź
vtEwtNG: Life of a King Look at the photo. What do you know about Stephen King?
o
B
Watch the video about Stephen King. talks about.
! t. family ! 2. fears n 3. movies
n n !
Chectfltfre things it
VIEWING tdentifying points ot view
+. free-time activities
As you watch a video,
5. critics'opinions of his books
try to identify the
o. plans for the future
different points of view for each person. Who expresses each opinion?
O C Watch again. Read the statements and identify the point of
view. Write S (Stephen King), T (Tabitha, Stephen Kings wife),
I (Interviewer), or C (Critic).
l.
ot*rr*r""^"rr",
I'm afraid of the same things people are afraid of.
I don't think his books and stories are too strange. -2. 3. His books make you feel like you know and understand the places and people. -
'.
Stephen King likes to have fun.
D
-4. I have never read books byJane Austen. -5. Stephen Kings books are badlywritten. -6. Work with a partner. Answer the questions about a does he/she write?
2. Which books have you read? Which was your favorite?
3. Did the books become movies? If not. would the books make good movies? 4. What do you know about the writer's personal life?
It I CdJl... 66
identifypointsof view.
!
Verywett
n
Weil
CULTURE
TAtKt
w&@'E Thirty-two percent of Americans have read between one and five books in the past twelve months. How many books have you read recently?
writer you like.
l. What kinds of books
fr
!
Notverywetl
()
PRESENTTNG A
PRESENTING Using pictures to explain Tiy to find good pictures
Read the presentation and look at the picture. What does the
picture tell you that the words do not?
ror your presentation. You don't need to use as many words with good
plctures.
owr,rue
n
ty
pnecttcr f;
f"rrorite book and movie is Llfe of Pi. Most of the movie
takes place on a small lifeboat in the middle of the ocean. The
main character is a teenage boy named Pi. The other main character is a tiger named Richard Parker. They are on a ship on
their way to Canada. There is a storm and the ship sinks, and Pi and several animals get into the boat. After the other animals die, Pi and the tiger spend more than seven months together on the boat. The book and the movie are both beautiful, and thev really make you think about life.
B
Cover the words in the presentation in Part A. Tell a partner about Life of Pi. Point to the pictures as you are speaking.
C fnint of a movie you liked. Find pictures
from the movie. Make notes in the chart below.
Name of movie:
Main
characters Summary of main events Why I liked it Use the present
tense to tell
about a book or movie, even if
D
Stand up. Use your notes from Part C to tell a group about the movie. Point to the pictures as you speak.
' l Canrrr
usâ&#x201A;Źpicturestoexplainapresentation.
I
Verywell
n Well !
it happened in the past.
Notverywell
Vocabulary and Listening
Grammar
Listening for main ideas Speaking Explaining your reasons
While and urhen clauses Readlng and Writing Identifying cause and effect (2)
{)
Vlewing Noticing repeated words Presenting Using an anchor image
vocABuLARY AND LrsrENrNG
O A Listen and repeat.
2. fire
5. election
o
B
ONLINE PRACTICE
4. demonstration
3. crime
6. sports event
tlffiE
8. exhibition
7. fashion show
Complete the conversation with words from Part A.
A: Did you watch the news last night? I heard the
at
the factory burned for three hours.
B: And did you see the part about the Those houses were completely under water.
in Grandview?
A: What a shame. But at least Rita Rodriquez won the B: I heard! She can help the
in Monrovia.
city stop
of
A: Tell me about it. Anyway, let's go check out the Martin Yee's paintings at the museum.
o
C
Listen to the news reports. Number the events from
crime
o
l-4.
fashion show
-a an exhibition -a a sports event -'AE;i' Write T (True) or F (False). ^ Listen D 1.
LISTENING Listening for main ideas Listen for main ideas in content words_nouns and verbs. you don,t have to understand every word you hear.
Over 800 people attended the event.
The event in London happened this week. -2. 3. The event was held in Boston. The police suspect an employee. -4. ' I Canrrr 68
understandmainideas.
!
Verywell tr Well
oNr,rrur
n
Notverywell
pnactlcr {'
Q^sPEAKTNG A
Match the questions and answers.
SpeakerA
Speaker B
1. Where have you been?
o
What happened? -2. 3. Are you OK? B Listen to the conversation. Then practice
with
a
a. b.
Yes, I'm fine.
c.
The bus broke down.
On the bus for the last hour.
partner.
SPEAKING Explaining your reasons Apologize and give reasons when you are late. This makes the other person feel
comfortable and puts them at ease.
o*r,*r"n^cr,"r
fT
Max: Where have you been? I ve been waiting for almost an hour. Maria: I'm sorry I'm late. I fell down and hurt my leg while I was running after a bus.
C
Max: Maria: Max:
Oh, no. How's your leg now?
Maria: Max:
I arn really sorry for being so late.
It hurts
a
little, but I think it's going to be OK.
I was getting really worried about you. The news on TV said this storm is really bad.
That's OK. You're here now. That's the important thing.
Work in pairs. Practice the conversation below with your own information. Explain your reasons for being late.
A: Where have you been? B: I'm sorry I'm late.I A: That's OK. You're here now. That's the important thing.
it,
let / late
2. wet lwait
' I Can:rr
explErirmyreasons.
country? Are you often late? What are some good
reasons for being late?
3. men lmain 4. sell / sale
!
Verywell E Well
i;'
In Australia, it's rude to
Let vs. late Listen and repeat. Words hke let and late are pronounced differently.
l.
,
be late. Is this true in your
D Prohunciation "9..
CULTURE TALKT
&r qrct !
Notverywell
uNrr
lr
69
â&#x201A;ŹGRAMMAR O A Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 92
cD 2-3t
I saw an accident while I was driving to work.
I was driving to work urhen I saw an accident.
The earthquake hit while I was sleeping.
I was sleeping when the earthquake
hit.
NOTES: . Use rlhile with the past progressive to describe an event in progress in the past. . Use urhen with the simple past to describe a finished event in the past.
o
B
ONLINE PRACTICE
Use the cues to 1.
write sentences with while or when.
While the model busy taking pictures. (walk)
down the runway, photographers were
2. The criminal quickly ran awaywhen he
the police cars coming. (see)
3. Soft background music was playingwhile people exhibition. (view)
rising, the father brought everyone up to the
4. \{rhen the flood waters roof of the house. (start)
that the police arrested the movie star. (hear)
5. I was shocked when I
C
the new
Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. lJse while and when clauses. Example: Eun / the phone rang A: What was Eun doing when the phone rang?
B: She was watching TV when the phone rang.
il '1. you
/raining
2. Manuel / the news came on
4. Amy / sang
5. Adam / hurt
homework
his back
D GrammerTalkl What was Manolo
lt I Gdh..' 70
3. Tracey and Lara / doing
usewhileandwhenclauses.
!
doing...?
6. you / your friend visiting Student A page 102, Student B page 105.
Verywell E Well
!
Notverywell
O
READTNG AND wRrrrNG
;p,,
A
Read and listen. What is Ricochet's special skill?
icochet was trained to be a service dog to help disabled people, especially with tasks around the house. For example, Ricochet learned how to unzip a jacket and open a refrigerator door. She showed a lot of promise as a puppy-it looked like Ricochet was going to be a great service dog. But as she grew older, she became more interested in chasing birds than in doing her tasks. As a result, she had to leave the training program. However, Ricochet was smart-her owner saw how trainable she was, so she taught Ricochet how to surf. lt didn't take long before she quickly became a very good surfer. Because Ricochet had service dog training, she is very comfortable around people with disabilities and she puts them at ease. Today, she helps children and disabled people enjoy the sport of surfing. Ricochet stands on one end of the surfboard and the disabled rider stands on the other end. This balances the board so the rider can stay on the board. She also surfs in competitions as fundraisers for charities. Ricochet didn't make it as a traditional service dog, but today she's a SURFice'" dog.
B
CULTURE TALKT In San Francisco, service dogs can go anywhere their owners can go-for example, into restaurants and stores. Is this a good idea?
READING Identifying cause
Find and underline words that introduce causes and effects in the article. Then answer the questions. f
. Why did Ricochet have to leave the service dog training program?
2. Why did Ricochet's owner think she could learn how to surf? 3. Why is Ricochet good at helping disabled people surf?
4. How does Ricochet help people stay on the surfboard?
and effect (2)
To answer Why? questions, remember to look for the word because. Also look for the words as a result and so.
c Think about an interesting news event that you recently heard
onr,'rrrnecrrc,
or read about. What happened? What are the causes and effects? Write down notes on a separate piece of paper.
fl
D Write a paragraph about an interesting news event. Use your notes in Part C.
la I Can...
identifycauseandeffectinareading.
n
Verywell E Well
n
Notverywell
uNtr
il
71
'trt d ':iatrl
a
I
You are going to watch a news report about a girl who solved a crime. Look at the two photos. How old do you think the girl is? What kind of crime do you think this was?
â&#x201A;Ź*:: "
-i :i.:,,: .] ;:]: :: 1: r, ta,,
n B Watch the video. Checkf,tn"
wArcg
words below each time you hear them. Then match the words with their definitions.
d Y suspects
a. something that gives a reason to believe something
forced entry
-2. 3. pawn shop fingerprints
b. marks made by a person's fingers c. a store that buys things from people, and then resells them
d.
oNtrNt
e.
entered a building illegally, usually to steal something
evidence
f.
breaking a door or window to go into a building
-6.
Watch again. Number the events in order from l-6. saw a broken window in the garage.
-Jessica talked to the thief. -Jessica The boys sold the furniture
-
to a pawn shop.
Two boys stole furniture fromJessica's grandmother.
-Jessica -Jessica Do
brought evidence to the police. went to the pawn shop and saw the furniture.
you thinkJessica made good decisions? Did she do anything dangerous? Discuss your ideas with a partner.
' I Canrrr 72
think
5. broke into
-
D
Notice nouns that are repeated. They are often rey words, and thev help you understarid what happens in a story.
committed a crime
-4.
s,"
people who other people
VIEWING Noticing repeated words
Doticâ&#x201A;Źrepeatedkeywords.
!
Verywell
E Well !
Notverywell
pnncrrcr f^'
()
PRESENTTNG A
Look at the photo. What do you think the news story is about? Share your ideas with a small group.
PRESENTING Using an anchor rmage
B
Read the presentation. Were your guesses from Part A correct?
Choose one image to anchor, or focus, your
presentation. It should
make viewers interested ln your story. owtrxs
I
pnacttct fl
The government in Wenling, China was building a new
highway. There were houses in the way, so officials offered people money to leave their homes. Most residents agreed to move, but for Luo Baogen and his wife, the money wasn't enough. They refused to move out of their five-story apartment
building. So officials allowed the Baogens to keep their house, and they built the highway around it. A month later, they offered
the Baogens more money. The Baogens finally accepted the offer, and the house was torn down.
c
Think of an interesting news story or search for one on the Internet. Find a good anchor image. Take notes about the story. Where did it happen?
When did it happen?
Show the image to your audience for
What happened?
a few moments
D
Stand up. Use your anchor image and your notes from Part C to tell your story to a group.
a l Canrrr
usâ&#x201A;Źananchorimageinapresentation.
!
Verywell
E Well I
before you start speaking.
Notverywell
Vocabulary and Llstenlng Listening for key words (2) Speaklng Gontinuing the conversation
()
Vlewlng Using subtitles Presentlng Using superlatives for emphasis
Grammar Present perfect for experiences Readlng and Writlng
Self-assessing
vocABULARY AND LrsrENrNc
o
A
Listen and repeat.
l.
2. travel alone
lose your wallet
5. visit a local market
O I ONLINE PRACTICE
exchange currency
3. try localfood
4. call room service
7.
8.
miss a flight
ask
for directions
Complete the story with words from Part A.
with mv friend because I don't like to On the way to the airport, there was a terrible traffic jam. I thought we were going to I went to Mexico
1
our
3
,
but we made it. At the hotel, we wanted to
so the hotel concierge recommended a nearby restaurant. We
couldn't find it, so we had tos Then we decided to 6
o
c
Listen to people leaving messages while they're traveling. Match the person with the situation. 1. Alex
o
It was great to practice our Spanish. . We got some jewelry. .
a,
LISTENING Listening for kev words (2)
can ask for directions
David b. called room service -2. Tracey c. missed a flight -3. Mike d. tried local food -4. -'HE;i' Answer the questions below about the key words. ^ Listen D l. When willAlex call again?
Notice key words you see rn questions before
listening. Then listen for the same words to answer the questions. oNr.rxr
pnecrrcr
2. Why is David tired? 3. Where did Tracey eat? 4. What lessons did Mike take?
ltt I Can". 74
listen for key words in travel
stories.
n
Very
well
!
Well
n
Not very well
f*.
â&#x201A;Ź^sPEAKTNG A
put the conversation in order. Number the sentences from 1-6. that's even worse!
-Wow,
It was great, but I lost my wallet.
back. Howwas your
trip? -
Not mywallet, but I once lost mypassport.
it? - I think I left it in a taxi. Has that ever happened to you? B Listen to the conversation. Then practice with a partner. -Welcome What do you think
happened to
"9,,
SPEAKING Gontinuing the conversation
Jill: Bob:
Jill: Bob:
After you answer
Have you traveled a lot, Bob? Yes, I have. I've been
to 30 different countries.
one. Use phrases like What about you? to keeo
That's a lot. Have you ever gotten sick on a trip? Oh, yes. Accidents, too, but
I'll never stop traveling.
a
question, ask another
I've
the conversation goini.
even traveled alone. People are friendly to travelers.
Jill:
What's the worst thing that's ever happened to you?
Bob:
I lost my passport and I ran out of money one time. What about you?
Jill:
C
A: What the worst thing that's ever happened to you while traveling?
time.l
What about you?
A: I
CULTURE TALKT j@;:E;i*1!il$iitli:+==.
{,1
Bangkok, Thailand was the most popular travel destination in 2013. What do you think will be the most popular in ten years? Twenty?
6
Stress with content words Lisren and oD PrOnuneiation verbs-receive more Content words-nouns
cD 2-36
repeat.
and
ry
stress
in collocations.
t-
l.
lose your wallet
2.
ask for directions
| Citll...
ffi
I lost my wallet once. That's the worst so far. But I ve never missed a flight.
Work in pairs. Practice the conversation below with your own information. Continue the conversation.
B: One
o*rr*r"*^"rr",
3. miss a flight 4. visit a market
continuetheconversation.
!
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n Well n
Notverywell uNtT
12
75
â&#x201A;ŹGRAMMAR O
Listen. Then listen again and repeat.
Grammar Reference page 93
"9., Yes, I
Have you ever traveled alone?
Yes, I've traveled alone three times.
Have Yo1 e:111been
o
ONLINE PRACTICE
B
have.I've tried the local food.
Have you tried the local food?
to
i
]::'t
*".:u::'
No, I haven't. I've never been to a local market.
What's the biggest country you've visited?
The biggest country I've visited is China.
How many times have you missed a flight?
I've missed a flight once.
Put the words in order to unscramble the sentences.
l.
Europe
I you I have lvisited I
ever
4. two times / to Singapore / Remy lbeen I has 2
2.
No / taken
3.
ever
f never lhave I acruise
ll
/ Sam I lost I his passport / has
5. tried I yet lwe / the local food I haven't
6.
gone
I I I on road trips / before I have
c Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions. Use the present perfect. Example: Josh
A:
/ many times
you / never
A:
HasJosh ever visited a
B:
Example:
local market?
room service at
visited them many times.
/a few times
a hotel?
B: No,I haven't.Ive
Yes, he has. He's
"1. you
Have you ever called
2.
never called room service.
3.
Mark / never
James and Mariela
/
couole of times
4.
Roberto / many
times
5.
Rick
/
never
6. you / many adventures
D Grammar Talk! Have you ever...? Student A page 102, Student B page 105.
' l Canrrr 76
usâ&#x201A;Źthepresentperfectforexperiences.
!
Verywell
n Well fl
Notverywell
O
READTNG AND wRrrrNG
O A Read and listen. Where did these people travel?
cD 2-38
Travel Mishaps
Travel can be frustrating when things go wrong. Here are two travel mishap stories.
Gabriela: On my second night in Paris, I asked the driver to take me back to my hotel. Unfortunately, he didnt understand me, and I didn't understand him. I gave him the address of the hotel on a piece of
paper and he headed off. After we drove around for a couple of hours, I knew he was lost. I called the staff at the hotel myself, who spoke English and French. I put the driver on the phone, and we finally got there at 3:00 in the morning. I was pretty irritated about going to sleep so late.
Rick: I love New York City, but I once lost my credit card there. I was eating lunch at a caf6 the day before I was going home, and I paid with my credit card because I was running low on cash. When I looked for my card to pay for some shopping later, it wasn't there. The caf6 said they didn't have it, and my card company said it would take 24 hours to get a new card. So, I was stuck in New York with hardly any money for the rest of my stay. Luckily, I had enough money to hop on the subway to go to the airport the next day, but that caf6lunch was my last meal in Manhattan.
B
Answer the questions. f
. Why couldn't Gabriela and the taxi driver communicate?
2. How did the taxi driver finally find Gabriela's hotel?
WRITING
3. When did Rick lose his credit card?
Self-assessing After you write, look
4. How long did Rick have to wait for a new credit card? 5. Who had a worse travel experience, Gabriela or Rick?
c Think about a trip that went wrong, or use your imagination. What went wrong? Write down notes on a separate piece of paper.
D Write aparagraph about a trip
you took, or create a story. Use your notes from Part C. When vou finish. self-assess and revise.
' I Canrrr
self-assessmywriting.
!
Verywell E Well
!
at how well you've explained your ideas. Then correct spelling and grammar mistakes.
orurr*r"*^"r,c,
fi
Notverywell uNrT
12
77
â&#x201A;Ź
vtEwtNG: Hotel troubles
;?,,
A
Look at the photo and map. What problems do you see with the hotel?
B
Watch the video. What is the problem with each hotel? What are the reasons for these problems?
a"
CULTURE TALKT ffiâ&#x201A;Ź# Many people in Turkey go to beach towns, like Bodrum, for vacation. Where do you like to
Ann and Jolie
Jan and Dave
Problems
take vacations?
Reasons
o
C
Watch again. Use the subtitles to complete the sentences.
l.
Jan: "It looked
.Just what we were looking for."
VIEWING
2. Dave: 'An adjacent hotel's security guard met us and said
Using subtitles Ifaccents are hard
that the Club Aqua Hotel had been 3. Jolie: "I was looking forward to the 4. Jolie: "I was really
.
to understand, read the subtitles as vou listen. Ttris helps you understand the accents.
I couldn't believe I was
staying in a hotel like that." 5. Ann: "The man at the door asked us to go down to
o*trttt*^"ar",
reception to talk to the
D
Discuss these questions with a partner.
l. Whatwouldyou
do if youwere Dave andJan?Ann andJolie?
2. What do you think should happen to websites like Travelsoon?
:'t I CaJl... 7A
usesubtitlestounderstandavideo.
n
Verywell
n
Well
n
Notverywell
s
()
PREsENTTNG A
Read the presentation. Underline the superlative forms.
PRESENTING Using superlatives for emphasis Use superlative forms (most or -est) in your presentation to sav something in *or"
" engaging or powerful wav. otttrut
"nacrrct
fl
When I was in college, I went on a trip to Disney World with my friends. It was the best trip I've ever taken, but also the most expensive. we stayed at a really nice condo with the biggest water slides I,ve ever seen. We went to a
different park every day. They were all great, but the Harry Potter park was the most fun. Because we traveled in the off season, the parks weren't too crowd.ed. The weather was perfect. And we had no travel problems the flights were
-
on time, and the airline didn,t lose our luggage. It was the greatest vacation ever.
B
Read the presentation in part A to a partner. Stress the superlative forms.
c
Think about the best or worst trip youie ever taken. Answer these questions.
tr
Where did you go?
â&#x201A;Ź+
When did you go?
Pronounce the as thee before the
Who did you go with?
What did you
superlative forms for more emphasis.
clo?
Why was it your best or worst travel experience?
D
Stand up. Use your notes from part C to tell a group about your trip. Remember to use superlative forms.
' I Canrrr
u5â&#x201A;Źsuperlativesforemphasis.
!
Verywell
f] well n
Notverywell
{)vocABuLARY Circle the correct word or words to complete each sentence.
t. This book is about two people who get married. It's a mystery / romance / western. 2.
3.
4.
I'm reading a historical fiction / fantasy that lived in New York in the 1800s.
/
mystery novel about a
This uestern / biography / science fiction book talks about visitors from other planets. I want to read a biography / fantasy / romance about Albert Einstein. I'm interested in iearning about his life.
/
/
5.
The police are solving three crimes neighborhood this week.
6.
Did you vote in the exhibition
7.
It's going to rain all week. I think there's going to be a crime
8.
9.
O
/
Jloods
demonstration
demonstrations
in the
vocabulary about
/ election yesterday?
Not all stores take credit or debit cards. Tourists should exchange currency / call room service / uisit a local market before traveling' The weather was terrible. so we just stayed in our hotel and called
/
tried,local food
/
(Unit
11)
I can... understand vocabulary about travel stories. (Unit 12)
visited a local market'
GRAMMAR /
told me
/
said me she
was tired.
2. He asked me if / asks me / asked me I had been to London' 3. He told me they seen / have seen / had seen a science fiction movie last
"igh:
4. Jack stopped by while I r,uas cooking / cooked / am cookinq dinner. 5. I wasn't here when Trish was arriving / arrives / arrived. The storm began
wirili
10. You losing /
's lost
/
I can...
use
reported speech. (Unit
10)
I can..'
use while clauses. when and
(Unit
11)
we uaitlng / w1e wairing I wqtred for the bu1'
7. Are / Have / Has you ever missed a flight? g. l,ve never called. / 's never called / ',ve never call room service. g. Sara traveled / have traveled / has traveled alone several times'
80
the news.
There was a lot of traffic on the way to the airport. We were so late, we almost asked. for directions / called room service / missed our Jlight.
'J.. She told
6
I can... understand
/ exhlbitron / Jloo.d
room service 10.
family
I can... understand vocabulary about stories. (Unit 10)
've lost your wallet twice.
I can...
use the
present perfect for experiences. (Unit 12)
â&#x201A;Ź
READTNG
0 A Read and listen to the article. In what year was the ring lost?
cD 2-39
f I
magine losing a ring one day and getting it back T2years later.lt sounds like science fiction, but this really happened to a man named Jesse Taylor Mattos. In 1938, Mattos was at work one day in Dunsmuir, California, when he accidentally dropped his high school
Congi traveled to where Mattos lived and reunited Mattos with his high school ring. While they were chatting, the two men shared information about their lives in Dunsmuir and learned that Congi grew up next door to Mattos's sister. Mattos's sister even babysat
class ring in a toilet and flushed it away.
Congi a few times when he was a baby.
Thinking that it was lost forever, Mattos forgot all about it. In 2010, a city worker named Tony Congi was cleaning the city's sewer lines when he
Congi has found hundreds of coins, old spoons, and pieces of jewelry in the sewers, but this is the first time he felt that he found
a
real treasure.
saw something shiny on top of a pile of dirt' He picked it up and saw the words "Class of 1938" and the initials "J.T.M." on the inside of the ring.
Congi went to the same high school as Mattos. Congi looked through a yearbook from 1938 and found a photo of Jesse Mattos, and noticed that he was the only graduate with the initials JJ.M. Congi found one of Mattos's classmates who was friends with Mattos and had his phone number.
B
Answer each question with information from the article. 1. What was Congi doing when he found the ring?
2. What do the initialsJ.T.M. stand for?
3. How many lost items has Congi found in the sewer? a. why do you think the writer compares this story with science fiction? 5. What would you do if you lost an important ring? Howwould you feel?
ring. c Imagine you are Congi and are about to meet Mattos to return hismen.
what would you
say? Describe the conversation between the
two
SELF.ASSESSMENT I UNITS IO-T2
81
GRAMMAR REFERENCE Unit 1 Present perfect and simple past We use the simple past for a specific event in the past.
.
I went to Mexico last year.
Simple past forms are the same for all subjects.
.
He/She/We/They/You went to Mexico in May.
we use did + the base form of the verb in negative statements and questions. . They didn't go to Mexico lastfall. NOT They didn't went to Mexico tastfall.
.
Did
he
visitfriends in Mexico?
Nor
Did he visi*ecfriends in Mexico?
We use the present perfect to a specific
talk about an indefinite time in the past. We never use the present perfect for time or date in the past.
.
I have seen that movie
.
Weve never met afamous person
before.
Nor
I have seen that movie test#ontk. We form the present perfect with has/have + the past participle form of the verb. We can use never or not in negative statements.
before.
OR
We
havenT met afamous person before.
I have gone to Mexico.
I went last year.
He's played in a band before.
He was a drummer
You have been absent twice.
You weren't here on Monday and Tuesday.
They have done business with him before.
They worked on a project turo years ago.
in college.
Grammar Practice! 1
Use the words to make sentences in the simple past or the present perfect.
l. I / not / take / avacation/ last summer 2.
Sarah
3.
we
4.
you
f
never
I
play
/ on ateam
I not / try lYietnamese food / before / not / be I at dinner / yesterday
5. Michael I call lme / this morning 2 Circle the correct
l. 2. 3.
verb form to complete each sentence.
Kelly played I has played in a band two years ago. Mitchell doesn't know how to swim. He didn't go I has never gone surfing. Did you do I Have you ever done arts and crafts? you should try it.
4. Jason didn't go I hasn't gone hiking on Saturday. 5. Did they have I Have they ever hadfunlast weekend? a2
Unit 2 Simple past and past continuous We use the simple past for completed actions in the past.
.
She
studiedfor the test on Monday. She passed the test on Tuesday
We use the past continuous for activities in progress in the past.
.
She was
studying Englishforfive years.
We use whenbefore the simple past and whilebefore the past continuous.
while she was waiting for the bus.
She saw her brother She asked
him about his class
while they were talking.
When the bus came.
he went home.
When he carrle hqme,
his mother was making dinner.
Grammar Practice! I
Complete each sentence with when or while.
l.
She was
typing
a
she dropped her phone on the ground.
text message
2. Peter andJane got engaged 3. We were taking the same class
2
theywere traveling around Europe. we met.
waiting for you, I finished my homework.
4.
I was
5.
it started to rain, I was playing soccer.
6.
the plane was taking off, he started to worry.
Use the words to make statements
with the simple past and past continuous.
f.
Jay
2.
Lucas / drive to work / when I have an accident
I run I when / break
leg
3. I / cut mv hand / while / cook dinner 4.
Eva and Marta
I
meet / while
I take piano
5. I / live with myparents / when I 6.
He
I
receive a message / while
lessons
graduate from college
/ study
GRAMMAR REFERENCE 83
Unit 3 with adjectives and nouns
Too and Enough
We can lase too and, enough to make complaints. We use too when there is more of something than we need. We use not enoughwhen we need more of something.
. .
This is too saltyfor ma (I can't eat it.) This isn't salty enoughfor me. (I need more salt)
We can ll:se too and enough
with adjectives and nouns.
.
This is too saltyfor me.
.
This isnT salty enoughfor
me.
OR OR
There is too much salt. There isnT enough salt.
When we use toowlth nouns, we have to use manywith count nouns and much with noncount nouns.
. .
Try not to eat too
muchfastfood.
Try not to eat too many burgers.
This coffee is too hot.
The tea is not hot enough.
Video games have too much violence.
I do not have enough money to buy this game.
There are too many people here.
There are not enough seats for everyone.
Grammar Practice! 1
Circle the correct words or phrases to complete each sentence.
l.
There are too many I not enough restaurants in my neighborhood. There are five on this street. I dont want to go running today. lt's too cold / not cold enough outside.
2. 3. The chair costs $40 more than what we have. We have too much I don't have enoughmoney. 4. This sweater is too big I not big enough. It's a small and I need a medium. 5. I never eat fast food. I think it has too much / manyfat and sugar in it.
2
Complete each conversation with too, not enough, too many, or too much.
l.
A: The movie starts at 7:00. Let's go! B:
It's 6:58 now. We can't get there in two minutes. There's
2. A:IthinkI
made
time.
food for dinner tonight.
just eat it for the next three days. 3. A: I thinkwe should get apet. What do you think? B: I don't think so. There's
room in our tiny apartment.
4. A:l
hot outside.
B: It's OK. We'll
need to cool down. It's
climate is gettingwarmer everyyear. A: I'm going to drive to work at 8:00 a.m. B: I know. The
5.
B: There are
84
cars on the road. You'll be sitting in traffic.
Unit 4 It + infinitives, gerunds as subjects Gerunds are nouns that end in -ing.You can use a gerund as the subject ofa sentence.
. . .
Having late dinners is common in some countries. Tipping taxi drivers is customary in the United States. Staring at people is impolite.
Infinitives are verbs with fo. You can use infinitives with lt's and certain adjectives. The sentences below contain infinitives, but they have the same meaning as the sentences with gerunds above.
. . .
It's common to have late dinners in some countries. It's customary to
tip taxi drivers in the United States.
It's impolite to stare at people.
The verb of the sentence should agree
.
with the gerund
as the subject.
Givinggfts to dinner hosts is unnecessary in some countries. NOT
.
Givinggifts to dinner hosts a*e unnecessary in some countries.
difficult
exciting
expensrve
hard
easy
good
impossible
polite
bad
important
customary
likely
OK
necessary
common
Grammar Practice! 1
Circle the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.
1. 2.
It's not OK fo be / beinglate for meetings in some countries. It's important to learn
3. To keep / Keepingyour
/ learning about customs before you travel. shoes on when you enter aJapanese home is impolite.
4. It's not common to renTove / removingyour shoes when entering 5. To make / Makingsmalltalk is not easy for some people.
2
Use the words to make sentences
someoneb house in France.
with gerunds and infinitives.
1. hard I learn I newlanguage Gerund:
lnfinitive:
2. customa ry / shake hands / in the United
States
Gerund:
lnfinitive: 3.
common
I
give
/ gifts at business meetings
Gerund:
Infinitive:
GRAMMAR REFERENCE 85
Unit 5 Present perfect
with how
long, since,
We can use the present perfect to
.
and/or
talk about something that began in the past and continues until now.
I've lived here since I graduatedfrom college. I love this neighborhood.
We can ask questions in the present perfect wlth how long.
.
How long have you lived here?
We use since wlth specific dates, times, events, and years to say when something started. We userfor periods of time to say how long something lasted.
, .
with
I've lived here since I graduated. I've been herefor tenyears.
8:00 a.m.
two hours.
He's urorked here...
September.
a few months.
She'e knonm us...
2002.
for twelve years.
It's stopped raining...
this morning.
for a few hours.
Yoube taughtus...
last year.
a
We\rebeen sick...
since'Ilresday.
for three days.
Theybe owned this house...
I moved here.
a long time.
little while.
Grammar Practice! 1
Circle the correct words to complete each sentence.
l.
Sheila have
I ftasworked here since /forMay.
2. Ken andl have I hasknown each other since lfortenyears. 3. You have / hasbeen in NewYork since /for2oll. 4. Markhave I hasowned his business since I for along time. 5. Howlonghave / has Annlivedhere?
2
write questions and statements with the present perfect lbe /apolice officer / lastyear
Use the words to
l. I
2. Margo / work / as a mechanic / fouryears
86
3.
you
4.
we I have this car
/ five vears
5.
Stephen / know /
fetty
/live /here
and. how long, since,
orfor.
Unit 5 Present perfect continuous We can use the present perfect continuous to talk about an action that began in the past and continues to the present. We form the present perfect continuous with havelhas + been + verb + -ing.
I: You
I
You
wei
have
We
tn:r
working. snrdying.
been
They
i i
have not
haventt been
i
Hel
has not
She
hasntt
He
has
She
a
It
sleeping enough. exercising.
It
Have
I
I
you
you
we
:n:t
What
talking -^^_ Deen i
loudly?
Where
: forgetting things?
he Has
we
doing?
:
:
i have
How long
it
been
working? shrdying?
he
i has
she
:n:t she
it
Grammar Practice! I
Complete each sentence with the present perfect continuous form of the verb in parentheses. l. We in Texas for three years. (live)
2.
to draw for very long. (not learn)
1
3.
you
4.
Scott
5. What 2
all day? (study) OK? (feel)
Luis
lately? (do)
write statements and questions. alotlately
Use the words to
1.
you
/ study I
2. llnotwork/much 3. Karen / not feel / well
since vesterdav
4. they / do / volunteer work I lately 5.
how long / you / train for the race
GRAMMAR REFERENCE 87
Unit
7
Present perfect continuous and present perfect talk about something that began in the past and has just finished, or something that happened at an indefinite time or many indefinite times in the past. We use the present perfect continuous to talk about an action that began in the past and continues to We can use the present perfect to
the present.
I
Il:
You
reading all day.
You We
running all day.
Ttrey
hane
We
been
They
:
i :
read five books already.
lhave
run two miles already. i
written ten pages already.
writing all day. He
drawing all day. has
She
He
drawn eight Pictures alreadY. has
She
(u
(D
Grammar Practice! I
Complete the conversations with the present perfect or present perfect continuous forms of the verbs in parentheses. lately? (what / you / do) A:
l.
B: I ve been
2.
working
a
lot.
A: Doyou want some pizza? five slices already. (I
B: No thanks.
3.
eat)
A: You look tired.
since 6:00 this morning. (I / studY)
B:
toJapan? (how many times
4. L: B:
5.
I
I You I be)
About five times.
A: I didn't know you practice martial arts.
martial arts since I was five years old. (I / practice)
B: Yup.
Complete the conversation with the present perfect or present perfect continuous forms of the verbs in parentheses. lately? (you / do)
A: What B: I have a
A: B: Yes.
all day. (study)
test next week, so I
but he
the teacher how many questions there will be? (you / ask) creating the test yet. (not / finish) any sleep? (you / get)
A: Well, you look tired. B: Not
really.I
A: How many cups B: I
88
a
lot of coffee. (drink) so far? (you
just finished my tenth cup. I need to get some more!
/ have)
Unit 8 Used to We use the base form of a verb with used to for something that was true in the past but is no longer true anymore. We use used to in affirmative statements and use to in questions and negative statements. We use the same form for all subjects.
I
I
He
He
She
She
It
I used to have long hair.
It
You
You
We
We
They
They
Did
didn't use to have short hair.
I
I
he
he
she
she
it
use to work here?
How
did
it
you
you
we
we
they
they
use to get to work?
Grammar Practice! 1
Complete the sentences with the correct torm of used to and the verbs in parentheses.
l.
Frankandl
together. (work)
2. Wendy 3. How did you
in this class. (not / be) in touch with friends? (keep)
4. I didn't 5. Sam
confident. (look)
guitar lessons. (take)
2 Rewrite these sentences and questions with the correct form of used to.
l.
Sheila lived near me.
2. Luke didn't have a mustache. 3. Karen rode the bus to school. 4. Did Anna look scruffy? 5. How did you go to school?
GRAMMAR REFERENCE 89
Unit 9 Questions with How long We can use how longto ask questions
with the simple past, the present perfect and the present perfect
continuous.
In questions with how long,the present perfect and the present perfect continuous have the same basic meaning. However, we often use the present perfect continuous when we want to talk about the duration, or how long the activity lasted. Some verbs, such as be, like, love, want, need, and know, cannot be used with continuous tenses. From 2002 to 2007. i How long did I work somewhere : know her?
How long did you
work here?
:'::.T*: How
longhave
i Ttren she moved i to Japan.
i""""""""""""""""""""""""i"
j uo* Ionghave i :.you known heri i i for five years.
i
For ten years. I
How long have
you i For two years.
love working here.
We live together now.
t+evdoary
faveyoa*tee* *noudng+â&#x201A;Ź*
youbeen working here?
Grammar Practice! Change the sentences below into questions with How long and the correct tense.
l.
Weve been walkingall day.
2. I slept a lot last night. 3.
Kyle's been cleaning his house for a while.
4.
She's been
5. Tfler
2
taking pictures of endangered species since 2005.
sang to the audience for an hour.
Comp lete each question with How long and the correct form ofthe verb in parentheses. in nursing school? (you / be) 1. A: B: For two years. I graduated last year.
2.
?
A: B: He's been studying
3.
all day. Kendra? (you / know)
A: B: Since we were ten. We're
4. 5.
really good friends.
that bike? (you / want)
A: B:
lve wanted it since last summer.
A: B: For about three years. He loves being a teacher.
90
(Thomas / study)
a teacher? (Sam
/ be)
unit
10
Reported speech We use reported speech to report something that someone else has said. In reported speech, we usually change the speaker's verb tense.
) ) ) )
simple present present progressive simple past present perfect
simple past past progressive
pastperfect past perfect
We use said or told + noun/pronoun to introduce reported speech in statements. We use asked if + nounlpronoun to introduce reported speech in questions.
Note how the order ofverbs changes to subject + verb in questions.
.
My mother asked me
f I was doing my homework.
NOT
.
My mother asked me if wesa doing my homework.
He said, "Mf book is really good." She said,
/ told me his book was really good. She said / told me she was walking to work.
He said
"I'm walking to work."
They said, "\Me went out of town."
They said / told me they'd gone out of town.
She said, "Itve been there twice."
She said
She asked, "Do you
lile
/ told us she'd been there twice.
She asked me
mysteries?"
if I liked mysteries.
He asked, "Are you studying?"
He asked ue if we were shrdying.
She asked, "Did you pass the test?"
She asked me
He asked, "Has Ken seen the movie?"
He aeked me
if I had passed the test.
if Ken had seen the movie.
Grammar Practice! I
Circle the correct words to complete the reported statements and questions.
) 2. "Do you have the book with you?" ) ) 3. "I haven't gone to Tokyo." "I ) 4. called Marilyn." 'Are ) 5. they driving to L.A.?" l.
2
"We're
reallybusy."
He said they were
I have beenreallybusy. She asked me if I have I hadthe bookwith me. He told me he didn't go I hadn't gone to Tokyo. She told me she has called I had called Marilyn. He asked if they had been driving I were driving to L.A.
Complete each reported statement or question with the correct form of the bold verb.
"I'm tired." ) He said 2. "We arrived on time." ) She said 3. "I haven't seen Karen today." ) She told me 4. "IsJack staying with you?" ) He asked me if
l.
5.
"Do vou have the time?"
)
She asked me
if
tired. on time.
Karen today.
with me. the time.
GRAMMAR REFERENCE 91
Unit
tt
While and when clauses We use whenbefore the simple past.
.
He was studyingwhen the phone rang.
We use whilebefore the past progressive.
.
The phone
rangwhile he was studying.
In a sentence with two past progressive clauses andwhile, the two events were happening at the same time. In a sentence with two simple past clauses andwhen, the event after when happened first. In a sentence with a past progressive and a simple past clause, the simple past event interrupted the past progressive event. The past progressive event started first and was already in progress when the simple past event happened
I was listening to music while I was jogging.
same time
same time
I was jogging when it started to rain.
I was jogging.
It started to rain.
I fell while it was raining.
It was raining.
I fell.
When I fell, I called for help.
I fell.
I called for help.
Grammar Practice! 1
Circle the correct answer that best describes the underlined event.
1.
I was driving home from workwhen I had a car accident.
a. first event
b.
second event
2. I called Margo while I was watching TV. a. first event b. second event 3. Nina burned herself while she was cooking. a. first event b. second event 4. Ken cheered when his team won the game. a. first event b. second event 5. We weren't texting while we were driving. a. first event b. second event
2
c.
same time
c.
same time
c.
same time
c.
same time
c.
same time
Combine the two sentences with when or while.
l.
She was
2.
I was traveling. I got sick.
3.
We weren't paying attention. We were watching the show.
taking management classes. She was working in an office.
4. I found a great jacket. I asked for the price. 5. 92
The manager walked into the meeting room. Everyone stopped talking.
Unit 12 Present perfect for experiences We can use the present perfect to
.
How long have you been
We can also use
talk about events that began in the past and continue to the present.
here?
I've been hereforfive year*
it to talk about events that happened at an unspecified time or at multiple unspecified
times in the past.
.
Have you ever visited Rome?
We've
visited Rome many times.
The present perfect is also used with ever and never to talk about events that did not happen yet, but could possibly happen in the future.
.
Has she ever had Japanesefood? She's never had Japanesefood.
We often use the present perfect to introduce background information for things that are happening at the moment. For example, we use the present perfect to talk about past experiences that are connected
and related to present situations.
I've given many presentations before. She's worked
with children for
20 years.
Believe me. There's nothing to worry about. She has the skills to be a great teacher.
It has never done that before.
I don't know why it's doing it now.
They haven't eaten yet.
They're really hungry.
Grammar Practice! I
Correct the mistakes in each sentence below.
1. I never have met him before. 2. Has your mother cooking Moroccan tagine before? 3. You have worked in marketing before? 4. I has never been to this restaurant before. 5. She haven't seen a doctor yet. Complete the conversations below with the correct present perfect sentences from Part A.
l.
A: B: Me neither. I wonder what he looks like.
2.
A: Mymom is a greatcook. She just got ajob as a chefin a restaurant. D.
3.
A: Is Margo feeling better? Does she know what's wrong with her leg? B: No, she doesn't
4. B: No,
5.
this is my first marketing job.
A: What's delicious here? B: I don't know.
GRAMMAR REFERENCE 93
Grarnmffi 'rutld Has Ana ever met a famous person? STUDENT A Ask and answer questions with Student B to complete the chart. Use the present perfect and the simple past. A: Has Ana ever met a famous person? B: No. she hasnt. Has Patrick ever met a famous person? A: Yes, he met AngelinaJolie in 2011.
Your partner
Patrick Angelina Jolie 20t7
meet a famous person
inOi g::,1"':f"': _**___ I '11.1"t"::T1::"11l_ ii I
go
eat
surfing
-- -.-
sushi
i i r i
,.._
I
:rI :
-,-Sweden,----,--- - - . -zoo+."
Hawaii Hawaii ago
2years
.--
l
ii
i
I
no
,:i
z:=
Sarats life
a:
STUDENT A
',
..t:::!:: :a 'r,:iir",,
r
,t
Ask and answer questions with Student B to complete Sara's email. Use the simple past and past continuous.
,',.l',:i!
A: Where was she living when B: She was living in Seoul.
she met Aaron?
To: I Greta Schlosser
From: I Sara McBride
Subject: I Your new pen-pal My name is Sara. I was born in California and went to school there. After graduating high
in 1999. I met my future husband, Aaron, in 2000, while he
school,ltraveled to
was studying at a university. He finally graduated in 2001. ln 2002, Aaron and I moved back to Los Angeles, where
lworked until
,
While I was driving home one night, I had a
, but I was fine. Things got better the following year because Aaron
and I got married in
!
We were so happy that we traveled to
for our honeymoon, and moved there shortly after.
94
What does fuan think? STUDENT A Ask and answer questions with Student B to complete the chart. Use too and enough.
A: What doesJuan think about school uniforms? B: He thinks they're too boring.
not comfortable not honest contains fat
surfing
not safe
violent public transportation
crowded
it oK to be late for an appointment? @Is V STUDENT A Ask and answer questions with Student B to complete the quiz. Use.I/ + infinitive and gerunds as subjects. A: Is it OK to be late for an appointment in Germany?
B:
No, it isnt. Is writing a letter...?
Country
Germany South
Not OK be late for an appointment
:
Korea,
I
write a letter in red ink
France ,
snap your fingers in a restaurant
Thailand
use your
'-.'-.-.--.-.--T:
t"",
::.ry::t
at something
]apan
walk down the street while drinking
India
";;;";ne
I
i
how much money they make
i give money as a wedding present i ask someone where they work
your plate
Egypt
j leave food on
Russia
i shake hands with your gloves on
GRAMMAR
TALK! 95
How long has Mariko been a teacher? STUDENT A Ask and answer questions with Student B to complete the chart. Use How longand,for and since.
A: How long has Mariko been a teacher? B: She's been a teacher for two vears./She's been a teacher since 2012. A: What did she do?
Name I
Start
Date I
Mariko
lob
I
Duties
i teacher I
Daniel
|
)anuary,2010
hairdresser
- cut and color hair - order supplies
i
Lisa
I
mechanic
i l l l I
I
Nick
O v
i November,2012
graphic designer
- design websites - take photographs
what's Garla been doing? sruDENT A
Ask and answer questions with Student B to complete the chart.
A: \Mhat's Carla been doing? B: She's been training for a race. A: Where has she been training?
Carla
I
wrrte a paper
Ying
Taipei
4 days
New York citY
4 months
David
Iill
'
*ake a cooking 'o^=^:.:-":"'"
*_-_,_jo*gl_se..,--,=_:__
Meena -'''''; Min-jun I i
96
"ppty
for
jobs
Busan
5 days
O v
Has Ana ever met a famous person? sruDENT
B
Ask and answer questions with Student A to complete the chart. Use the present perfect and the simple past. A: Has Ana ever met a famous person? B: No, she hasn't. Has Patrick ever met a famous person? Yes, he met AngelinaJolie
in 2011. Patrick
Your partner
meet a famous p{rson go on a safari
2007
Kenya
visit a foreigln country go surfing
2007
i
no
I
---'-I
{
eat sushi
l
last week
I
9l,t#:J'F Ask and answer questions with Student A to complete Sara's email. Use the simple past and past continuous.
A: Where was she living when she met Aaron? B: She was living in Seoul.
ii To:1 Greta
Schlosser
Fiom: I Sara McBride
Su{ect: I Your new pen-pal My name is Sara. I was born in California and went to school there. After graduating high school, I traveled to seoul in in 1999. I met my future husband, Aaron, in 2000, while he . He
and I moved back to
finally graduated
. ln 2002, Aaron ,
where lworked until 2007. While lwas
one night, I had a very bad accident, but I was fine. Things got better
the following year because Aaron and I got married in 2006! We were so happy that we traveled to Chicago for
and moved there shortly after.
GRAMMAR
TALK! 97
What does luan think? STUDENT B Ask and answer questions with Student A to complete the chart. Use too and, enough.
A: What doesJuan think about school B: He thinks they're too boring.
school
uniforms
uniforms?
i
risky
online dating
unhealthy
fast food expensive
surfing
not educational
video games
not fast
public transportation
Is it OK to be late for an appointment? STUDENT B 1:.
,&;
Ask and answer questions with Student A to complete the quiz. lJse It + infinitive and gerunds as subjects. A: Is it OK to be late for an appointment in Germany?
:1.
t
{n
B:
i
No, it isnt. Is writing a letter...?
Not OK
country :l:
Germany South Korea
.'-. I i
be late for an appointment
write a letter in red ink
i
rrale
snap your fingers
in a restaurant i
rhailall Japan
98
I
w" _]
i
l
your feet to point at something 'i
walk down the street while drinking
India
ask someone how much money they make
Taiwan
give money as a wedding present
Canada
ask someone where they work
tsvl:
leave food on your plate
Russia
shake hands with your gloves on
How long has Mariko been a teacher? STUDENT B Ask and answer questions with Student A to complete the chart. IJse How longandfor A: How long has Mariko been a teacher?
and, since.
B: She's been a teacher for two years./She's been a teacher since 2012. A: What did she do?
Mariko
teacher
- teach English - coach soccer team
hairdresser mechanic
- repair cars and trucks - do inspections
graphic designer
OV
What's Garla been doing? STUDENT B
Ask and answer questions with Student A to complete the chart.
A: What's Carla been doing? B: She's been training for a race. A: Where has she been training? Who...?
How long...?
train for a race
Vancouver
learn to draw
56o Paulo
3
months
Ying David
since June
,ill Meena
watch a movie
t hour
GRAMMAR
TALK! 99
How many times has Rosa gone horseback riding? STUDENT A Ask questions about Rosa with Student B to complete the calendar.
A: B: A:
Whats Rosa been doing? She's been going horseback
riding.
How many times has she gone horseback riding this week?
B: She's gone horseback riding two times this week. A: On which days?
Did she use to have long hair? STUDENT A Look at the family portraits. Choose a person. Ask and answer questions with Student B to guess the people you chose. Use used to. A: Did she use to have long hair?
B: No, she didn't. She used to have short hair. A: Is itJenny? B: Yes, it s Jenny.
2005
too
Now
How long has she been getting up early? STUDENT A Ask and answer questions with Student B about their family members and friends.LJse How long...?
A: B: A: B:
Who gets up early? My sister. How long has she been getting up early? For 2 years.
gabit / Activity
How long...?
get up early do chores go to bed
study take out
Do you like historical fiction? STUDENT A Ask and answer questions with different classmates about their preferences to complete the chart. Then tell Student B about your conversations.
A: Do you like historical fiction? Maria:
A:
Yes, I do.
Why?
Maria: Ilearnalot.
A: I asked Maria if she liked historical fiction. Types ofBooks
She said/told me she liked
it because she learns
a
lot.
why?
historical mysteries romance science
fict
biographies
GRAMMAR TALK!
1O1
What was Manolo doing when the lights went out? STUDENT A Ask and answer questions with Student B to complete the chart. Use while andwhen.
A: What was Manolo doing when the lights went out? B: He was studying for an exam. News Event
Person
the lights go out
Manolo
i
Stephanie *_t
eat at a restaurant
the earthquake
,I a robber
fames
watch TV
Tim and Mark
Claudia
hit
i
hold up bank
the Olympic Games start
the flood waters approach
i
sleep
Rob and Maria
fire alarm go off
Have you ever missed a flight? STUDENT A Ask and answer questions with Student B to complete the chart. Use the present perfect
with ever, never, and,yet.
A: Have you ever missed B:
a
Yes, I have. I missed one
flight? while I was coming back from London in 2008. More details
Experiences miss a flight
-;iltl.ti*l
,lt;l,*, liiji.
,. ,.,.
r|l,itlfrl.
travel
alone
take a cruise
run out of money try local food
102
i
How many times has Rosa gone horseback riding? STUDENT B Ask questions about Rosa with Student A to complete the calendar.
A: What's Rosa been doing? B: She s been going horseback riding. A: How many times has she gone horseback riding this week? B: She's gone horseback riding two times this week. A: On which days?
Did she use to have long hair? STUDENT B Look at the family portraits. Choose a person. Ask and answer questions with Student A to guess the people you chose. Use used to.
A: Did she use to have long hair? B: No, she didn't. She used to have short hair. A: Is itJenny? B:
Yes, itsJenny.
2005
Now
GRAMMAR TALK! 1O3
How long has she been getting up early? STUDENT B Ask and answer questions with Student A about their family members and friends.Use How long..?
A: Who gets up early? B: My sister. A: How long has she been getting up early? B: For 2 years. How long...?
Habit / Activity get up early do chores normally go to bed late
i I
study English take out the trash
Do you like historical fiction? STUDENT B Ask and answer questions with different classmates about their preferences to complete the chart. Then tell Student A about your conversations. A: Do you like historical fiction?
Maria:
A:
Yes,
I do.
Why?
Maria: Ilearnalot.
A:
I asked Maria if she liked historical fiction. She said/told me she liked it because she learns Types of Books
historical fiction rnysteries romance novels
biographies
104
why?
a
lot.
what was Manolo doing when the lights went out? STUDENT B Ask and answer questions with Student A to complete the chart. lJse while andwhen. A: \,Vhat was Manolo doing when the lights went out?
B:
He was studying for an exam.
Person
News Event
i
Manolo
study for an
exam i
1
Stephanie
:....use the ATM
James
the lights go out the earthquake hit a robber
Tim and
i
hold up bank
the Olympic Games start
;;;" ;; ";;--i-;;;;";
Claudia Rob and Maria
;-"0
o
;;-
fire alarm go off
Have you ever missed a flight? STUDENT B Ask and answer questions with Student A to complete the chart. Use the present perfect
wlth
ever, never, andyet.
A: Have you ever missed B:
a flight?
Yes, I have. I missed one
while I was coming back from London in 200g.
i
visit
a
local
GRAMMAR TALK! 1O5
WORD LIST Unit t
Unit 3
Unit
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
play in a band
household pets
VOCABULARY graphic artist
play on a team
school uniforms
do arts and crafts do business
fast food vegetarianism video games celebrity news makeup climate change
go rock climbing go surfing go on a safari go
hiking
READING VOCABULARY intimidating enroll towering challenging
Everything is going to be OK. Things will get better soon.
It's a pleasure to meet You.
READING VOCABULARY
Unit 2
behavior
VOCABULARY graduate from college
complain
express
Unit 4
get married
VOCABULARY using titles bowing tipping
have an accident
shaking hands
get engaged
using chopsticks
USEFUL PHRASES Go on.
Tell me more.
READING VOCABULARY odd
taxiing runway crawled settle in
removing shoes giving gifts making small talk
USEFUL PHRASES What else? Anything else?
READING VOCABULARY wildlife endangered species
published creative
Unit 6 VOCABULARY train for arace daydream do volunteer work learn howto draw take a cooking course spend time at a theme park apply for a job get a lot ofsleep
USEFUL PHRASES No kidding! That's amazingl
READING VOCABULARY 5K race
READING VOCABULARY
roughly
abroad misunderstandings
buildup
upright social gathering examine
106
surgeon
USEFUL PHRASES
argument restrictive
visit a special place meet someone famous win a prize
hairdresser photographer police officer cashier mechanic sports instructor
USEFUL PHRASES
proud
go on an adventure
5
ahead
envision
lt
Unit 7
Unit 9
Unit
VOCABULARY go horseback riding catch up with friends practice martial arts build awebsite
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY flood fire crime demonstration
go to concerts
go to bed late
go to flea markets
checkmymessages catch up on the news take out the trash
do gardening have brunch
get up early use an alarm
do chores
ride a bike to school
election sports event fashion show
exhibition
READING VOCABULARY
USEFUL PHRASES
READING VOCABULARY
day-long
Tell me about...
disabled
READING VOCABULARY animator fixer-upper
put at ease balance fundraisers
frrll bloom stage presence old pals shut-eve
tasks
materials bohemian
Unit 8
junk
VOCABULARY mustache wavy hair
unit t0
bald beard
VOCABULARY
scrufff
science fiction
neat
western biography romance fantasy
confident studious
USEFUL PHRASES I know.
mystery
historical fiction children's literature
Unit t2 VOCABULARY lose your wallet travel alone try local food call room service visit a local market exchange currency miss a flight ask for directions
USEFUL PHRASES What about you?
That's true.
USEFUL PHRASES Sorry, but...
mishaps
READING VOCABULARY
Maybewe can...
head off
weigh in remarkable
READING VOCABULARY
irritated run low
Youre right.
goofoff dapper
indifferent
explorer expeditions commanded
READING VOCABULARY
hop on
fleet trade
WORD LIST 1O7
AUDIO AND VIDEO SCRIPTS Unit 1 usreuxG paee 2 l
2. 3.
4.
I ve never
liked indoor activities
much. What I really like is being outdoors and getting some exercise. Right now, I'm into rock climbing. My brother and I go every weekend. I like doing things with my hands, like arts and crafts. For example, I'm making a vase for my sister. I really like the guitar. In fact, I played in a band when I was in high school. But I dont play much anymore because I just dont have the time. I really miss it. I really love to play sports. I used to be on a soccer team when I was in college. I was really good at kicking the ball and I ran pretty fast.
Unit 1 vroeo pase 6
Narrator: It's the middle of winter and it's frigid outside, and there are no mountains nearby. But at the Upper Limits gyrn in Bloomington, Illinois, people are staying warm and climbing high! Chris: If you want to have the experience of rock climbing, like you can get outdoors but don t have the time or the wherewithal to get there, this is the place to go. Kory: It's worth driving five hours down here. This is a fantastic gym, and if youre into rock climbing, driving five hours is no problem, Woman: You made it look... natural. N: In 1995, Pam and Chris Schmick saw 14 empty silos, and they had an idea. Ninety years ago, these silos were used by the Funk family for one of the largest seed businesses in the world. The Schmicks wanted to turn these cement mountains into a rock climber's dream. More than a thousand people came to climb in the first year Upper Limits opened. Chris: It's a little bit different inside here, huh? 'Woman: Incredible. N: But what really makes Upper Limits spectacular is the silo climb. It's 65 feet, straight up. It's the
Mount Everest of indoor gyns.
Nathan: And when you reach the top, it's just like, a thrill. It's not like anl.thing else. It's like an adrenaline rush, and then you get to go racing down. It's just really, really fun. Cindy: There's really no words for it. You just kind ofhave to do it and experience it for yourself. Chris: There you go. Pom: Yeah. There you go.
108
Chris: There you go. Pam: OK Good, nice job.
Woman 2: He's a real nice boy. N: That's right. Boy. The mayor-
N: Climbing the wall isn t easy; it's a
elect of Linesville, Pennsylvania is still in high school. Chris: It's mainly asking people to look past your age, and, just dont concentrate on the fact that I'm young. Concentrate on the fact that I really want to serve you in this position. N: Chris Seeley is is busy now. He's an excellent student, and he's the best tuba player in the high school band. But when he becomes mayor, he'll be even busier. He'll have to go to town council meetings and manage the towns police force. Chris: A lot of people have asked me, "Are you going to be able to control the police? Most of them are twice as old as you arei'And I said,'Well" I would like to think I can: there's three of theml' News anchor: His campaign run by family and fiiends was a success. He got nearly twice as many votes as his Republican opponent. Thirty percent ofthe electoral base showed up, and Seeley won a hundred and forty-four votes to seventy-six. Man: He stacks up as probably one of the best candidates that I ve ever really dealt with. N: The new job comes with no pay and no office. Chris: Wed put a door where the window is now and add an external entrance. so I wouldn't have to bring people through my house to get them into my office. N: Seeley plans to make the family junk room into the mayor's office. That will be convenient when he starts college right down the street. He wants to study music, not politics. Chris: I'm a better tuba and piano player than I am a politician. N: Chris thinks of himself as a regular kid, and his mother is trying to make
lot more challenging than it looks.
'Woman: One, two, three, uh, oh! Pam: Almost. 'Woman: I'm loose! Oh. OK Down.
Chris: Down. W'oman: Oh, Im gladwe're not over the Grand Canyon. N: Now, it's time for the silo climb
-
sixty-five feet straight up the cold silo. 'Woman: I made it! Woohoo! N: The silo is terrifuing, but fun. Upper Limits is different from any other gynn. It's the only gym
with an ice climbing waterfall.
Chris: Goodjob! \rVoman: I cant go any higher! Woo! N: In climbing people say going up is optional, but coming down is mandatory.
\rVoman: I dont know if I can high-five you with this. There. Chris: Alright.
Pam: Oh boy! Chris: Goodjob!
Unit 2 usreuxG pase 8 l.
It happened just after I moved
here from Chicago. I was driving to my new job and listening to
the morning news on the radio.
All ofa sudden, a dog ran out in front of my car. Luckily I stopped. The dogwas OK, but another car hit me from behind.
2. It was really exciting.
3.
4.
I ve always
wanted to try skydiving, and I finally did it while I was visiting California. Here's a picture of me right before I jumped out of the airplane. I thought we were lost, but we were on the right road after all. We were driving for miles and suddenly we saw it. It was the most beautiful thing I ve ever seen in my life. I took some great pictures. I'm so glad we traveled all that way to see it. I was visiting my sister in NewYork when it happened. We were having dinner in a Brazilian restaurant and he walked in. He sat right next to us, and then he smiled at me. So I introduced myself and told him that I really enjoyed all his movies. He was very nice.
Unit 2 vpeo pasel2
Narrator:
There's soon going to be a new mayor here in this small town in Pennsylvania. Woman l: I think it's great. I think that young people need to get involved.
sure he's still a normal teenager. he was on his computer and I said, "Excuse me, mayor or not, yourjob is to change cat litter and take the garbage outi' N: He's going to be a mayor soon, but he'll still be a kid.
Mother: Last night,
Unit 3 ltsreuxG pase 14 l.
A: I think they make it a lot
easier
to get dressed in the morningyou know, I dont have to think about what to wear. And it's good that I don t have to spend a lot of money on clothes.
B:
But they're so boring! I like to express myself with my clothes. I don t want to look like everyone else.
2.
A: I love it. It's cheap and convenient. I eat it two or three times a week. B: Not me. It isnt good for you, in my opinion. Id rather have something healthy, like a salad. 3.
A: I really dont mind them. They're fun way to spend free time. And some of them are educational. too. B: I disagree. I think they're a waste of time. And a lot of them are too violent, especially for a
young children. I think kids should play outdoors, anyway, and not in front ofa screen. 4.
A: I think theyte really great company, especially for people who live alone. And they're good for kids, too. B: Youre right. I read somewhere that having a dog or a cat teaches children how to be kind and more polite.
Unit 3 vroeo paee rg
Narrator:
For many years students
all over the world have worn school uniforms. Student uniforms create a sense ofbelonging, a school identity. It was true in the 1950s. and it's true now. But can a uniform do more than that? Man: At this South London school, staffbelieve a change ofuniform hasn't just smartened up the pupils' image; it's directly improved the pupils' academic performance. N: Harris Academy introduced a new more formal uniform: blazers,
N: But what happens when
'Woman:
you're wearing youre happy. Youre more likely to speak up in class and work harder. Boy: The whole school changed, like the behavior changed. Everyone's attitude to work changed, as well. N: Not everyone believes that school uniforms can magically solve everything.
Tom Bennett: But this, um, this uniform debate just now, I love what Harris school have done, but at the same time I think there's a little bit of bad science going on here, to say that they introduce the uniform, and the results have gone up as a direct consequence.
Oh, I dont think even
fashion comes into it. The latest trends, because everybody just accepts everybody for who they are and what they wear. N: If a school changes its uniform, that can mean that parents have to spend more money to pay for the new uniform. Woman 2: Some parents say it's a great leveler, because it means that your income isn t reflected in the clothes that you're wearing. Tom: Mm, absolutely. Woman 2: But other parents complain that it can be an added cost to something which they expect to be free. N: The debate over uniforms has been going on for years, and it will probably go on for many more.
eat can define who they are. It's part of our national identity and helps keep
whole cultures together. This woman is having a very unusual dinner party. Each of these guests is from a different country and each is eating their
own national dish. They're all eating different foods, and they're also using different methods. Each method takes practice. And when youre not used to a method of eating, it can be kind of difficult. In some parts of the world, people usually eat with their hands. It's easy to eat most foods with your hands. But in many countries, people don't often eat with their hands. In Asia, people use chopsticks to eat almost everything. People first used chopsticks in China about five thousand years ago. In the West, most people eat with a knife and fork. Knives have been used for a long time. Forks are newer. \Arhen you eat or drink can also reflect your social position. At business meetings in Japan, the boss drinks tea first. Only after that can his employees drink. So, food is something that keeps us together. It can also be what makes us different.
Unit 5 llsrexrxG pase 28 l
I work for the city. I ve had this job for six years. I help keep the city safe and make sure people follow rules. Sometimes I also direct traffic and help to solve crimes.
2.
I ve worked for a
Unit 4 lrsrexlr G pase 22 l.
A: James. Good to
see
you
after so many years.
B: I know. It's been
a long time. How's business?
2.
A: We're here. How much should
ties, business clothes. Since students
started wearing uniforms, their test scores have improved dramatically. Terrie: Young people now are so, keen on the image, and quite often it's the, sort of, street image. And we wanted to come in and say, you know be proud about how you look. Be proud about your academy and your education. Girl: When youre proud of what
a
school gives up uniforms? Man: The King Edward VI Community College here in Totnes in Devon abolished its uniform seven years ago, Since then, every morning pupils here have woken up and been able to choose what to wear. N: So, has behavior or academic performance changed? Not really. And students are happier. The school says that there have been no negative effects. Some parents agree.
we give the driver?
B: Um, let's see. How about
$4.00?
That should be 20 percent, right? 3.
A: This chicken teriyaki is delicious. B: It does look good. Do you want to try some of my noodles? 4.
A:
Sandy, Bill! Welcome. so glad you came.
I'm
B: Weve been looking forward to this for days. Here, these are for you.
Unit 4 vroeo pase 26
Narrator:
We're all different. But food affects us all, wherever we live, and whatever we do. This woman is Malaysian, and like everyone else, food is a big part of her identity. People enjoy eating with other people. The family meal is one example. It's often the only time families get together. Families are sometimes too busy to eat meals together. But studies show that families who eat together really do stay together. Food doesnt just keep families together. How and what people
travel magazine for five years. I like the job a lot. I ve always enjoyed traveling and taking pictures. And with this job, I get paid for doing both. 3. I work in a small salon called Westside Haircutters. The customers are very nice, but the work can be very tiring. I have to be on my feet all day. 4. I work at a big hotel in Miami Beach. My job is a lot of fun. I teach people how to play tennis, volleyball, and other sports. I like that I'm outside most of the time.
Unit 5 vloeo pase 32
Narrator: In the city of Mumbai, India, people are crazy about Bollywood, the city's movie industry. Because Bollywood films are so popular, Mumbai's film industry produces over one thousand movies a year, And the actors in these movies are huge stars. The clothes that the actors wear have brought success to this Mumbai company. Neeta: Hi, I'm Neeta Lulla and I am a costume designer and a fashion designer. I do a lot of garments for films. I do couture and bridal wear. and I have been doing this for the past, almost, twenty-eight years.
AUDIO AND VIDEO SCRIPTS 1O9
N:
Neeta Lulla's work for Bollywood
movies has made her almost as famous as the celebrities she dresses. Neeta: Over the years, some of the films that I've worked with, some of the popular films that I ve worked with, Lahme, Devdas, Jodhaa, and, I've done over about two hundred and fifty to three hundred films. N: A highly skilled team of specialist craftsmen and women help Lulla. They are very proud of their work. Woman: We feel really proud that our hard work is seen on screen. We tell people at home that this was something I sewed, and now she's wearing it. I feel happy when I see that. N: Neeta is worried. because it is becoming difficult to find skilled workers like these people. Neeta: This is an art that. unfortunately, is dying out very soon, because a lot ofthe younger craftsmen now want to get into more corporate jobs, and if this art form dies out, I mean, we wont be left with this kind of exotic work N: The clothes that Bollywood stars wear in the movies quickly become popular with the audience. Neeta: Every film that's popular does make a fashion statement because the characters are so close to everyone's daily life. Everybody who goes to see a film, every audience knows the designers, of the particular film. To me Bollywood, and cinema, is basically all about going into that auditorium and forgetting your problems for those three hours.
Unit 6 lrsrenrxc
pase 34
l.
A: Where have you been? I havent seen you for weeks. Have you been
taking another cooking course? B: Oh, no. I've been running an hour every day. I'm going to compete in a race next month.
A:
So that's what youve been doing.
2.
A:
So, what are you doing now? Are you still working at the health club? B: Yeah, but not for long. I'm trying to apply for jobs, so I can make more money.
A: What kind of work are you looking for? B: Maybe as a chef. 3.
A: Have you been enjoying your vacation?
B: Oh, yeah. I've been getting up
A:
early and going to that new theme park every day, and to a different club every night. It doesn t sound like youve been getting much sleep.
B: Youre right.
110
4.
A: This is delicious. Where did you learn to make it? B: At the training school. I ve always wanted to learn how to cook. so I decided to take a course. A: When did it start? B: Last week. I ve already had two classes.
Unit 6 vroeo pase sg
Narrator: Alot ofpeople in the small town of Tavistock, England like to run. And the person who has helped make running so popular is Adam Holland. Adam works at this convenience store. He likes eating candy. He's also the youngest man in the world to run a hundred marathons. Interviewer: Hi. Adam. Great to meet you. So, how do people react when they find out that the guy behind the counter in the paper shop eating the sweets is a world marathon record holder? Adam Holland: I get really unusual reactions, and obviously, it's not the best thing to be, but it works for me. Oh, it's just the fact of meeting all the new people, uh, different sceneries. It's different every time you go to a different oneI: I bet I'll have a bag of what youre having. Thanks, Adam. N: Adam has only been doing marathons for three years. He already has the world record for the fastest ten marathons in ten days. Adam is a natural runner. Because of his job, he doesnt have much time to train, but the qualifoing time for the Oll'rnPics is onlY twentY minutes shorter than Adam's best time. Adam: I've just found that I could run around without even having to put lots of effort in, as such. N: Adam has a lot of fans. He also organizes an after-school club for children. The kids run one mile every week until they ve done a half marathon. Boy l: So it's, like, really good, because he's an
inspiration to all of us.
GirL It's making kids, like, get interested and more yeah, active. Boy 2: It's quite hard to, like keep up with him sometimes because he does, like, go in front of you and it's a lot easier for him to do more miles than you. Adam: Seeing the expressions on the kids and knowing that they want to come back. do it again. That's why I come back as well, so, just to enjoy it, and have fun. N: Adam has made marathon running look cool to a whole new generation, and he's still only twenty-three. So he has plenty more miles left to go.
Unit 7 lrsrenttG
page 42
I.
A:
what have you been doing since you moved to the city? B: Well, I ve been listening to a lot of live music in the park. So,
A: Me, too. Maybe we can go together sometime. 2.
A: When did you ride for the first time? B: About ten years ago, when I got my first horse.
A: How many horses have you had? J.
A: It's wonderful training for the mind and the body. I earned
Wornan 3: Wonderful, so nice. You must be very proud. $er's mom: Thankyou.
N:
Now, Tyler has become a star at Chinese opera performances all over California. The audience members are not all Chinese. Part of Sherlyn Chew's
mission with the Purple Bamboo Orchestra is to share her culture. Sherlyn: When we leave Chinatown, you know we are promoting our culture. If we stay in Chinatown, we're only preserving it. I: What do you think the people in China thought, seeing you singing Chinese opera?
Carol: Ithinklknow.
my black belt when I was 15. B: How long have you been practicing?
I:
4.
N: And people
A: Howlong have you been building your site? B: For over a month now and I still haven't finished it. But it's really fun and creative. Have
\i\rhat do you think?
Carol: Well.
amazed..
are amazed that an
energetic ten-year-old has become a bridge between two cultures.
Unit 7 pnesexrrNG pase 47
So how did ten-year-old Tyler Thompson of Oakland, California become a Chinese opera star? He sings beautifully in a language
My brother is an autograph hound, or 'grapherl'In his free time, he likes to get the autographs offamous people. He goes online to buy baseball cards and photos ofbaseball players and other athletes. Then he goes to sports games and asks players to sign his cards, photos, or baseballs. Once in a while, he also gets autographs from other famous people such as singers, actors, and politicians. He sells or trades some of the autographed items online. He's been graphing since he was about twelve years old. I think it s a silly hobby, but it makes him happy.
he doesnt even speak. Girl l: I was like, "Wow, he's pretty
Unit 8 lrsreunG
you finished yours yet?
Unit 7 vpeo pase 46
Narrator: In the world of
Chinese opera, everything from the makeup to the style of singing can seem mysterious to people from different cultures.
Woman: OK,
Tyler:
say cheese.
Cheese.
N:
goodi'
Girl 2: Oh.
he's so cute.
Woman 2: The pronunciation is quite correct. Yeah. M-hm. Very good, yeah.
Tyler: Singing preffy much runs in the family. My dad sings, my mom sings, my grandmother sings. I: But I bet you're the only one on your block who sings in Chinese. Tyler: Yup.
N: The Purple Bamboo Orchestra was started by Sherlyn Chew. Sherlyn: Leave it up there until they're done.
N:
She's part music director, Part singing coach. Part second mom. Sherlyn: You know, spit out the gum, spit out the candy. N: She started the orchestrato teach children about their Chinese culture, to keep an old culture alive in a new country. Now, it's part of Tyler's culture, too. Tyler and his classmate, Carol Liu, have been working on a duet. $er: It's like, when we sing together, itt like one voice on one side. one voice on the other. Soon, it could become one. One whole voice.
pase 48
I.
A:
tell me about the new manager. Is he that wavyhaired, confi dent-lookirg g,ly I ve seen in the cafeteria? B: I'm afraid not. He doesn't look very confident, and he doesnt have wavy hair. He's bald, and he has a big mustache. So
2.
A: Is thatJay's brother, the scruffr guy with the mustache? B: You're looking at the wrong person. His brother is standing next to Jay, the neat one with the beard. 3.
A: Alison's very neat and studious, or so I ve heard. B: Well, she's very studious. Thats true. But who said she's neat? She's one of the messiest people I know. 4.
A: The tour guide's kind of scruffu-looking, isn't he? B: Yeah, he is, but he's very confident. Even though he isnt very organized, hes doing a great job.
Unit 8 vroeo pase s2
Lisa: I can hardly bear to look
at you.
Right. What do you see when you look in the mirror now, with that?
Stuart: Huge! Lisa: The arms dont fit you. Stuart: No. Lisa: The jacket's way too long. Mica: The cut of the leg is just completely wrong.
Lisa: Follow
me. These men will need a firm hand when it comes to their style rules. Mica: Take a look at this. Don't laugh. Who are these two? You see that these two guys have the same thing
N:
in common. They're both short, but they are loved by millions and millions and millions of women. They havent allowed their height to restrict them. This is where you're going to get to. This is what you're going to be. Lisa: Cool. Now Stuart, make sure when you go shopping, the sweater you buy has a V-neck bause I know you like to have your necklines up here. Stuarh Right. Lisa: But it's not flattering, OK? Nice bright sweater, but a fine knit. Nothing too heavy,'cause it's only going to bulk you out. As you see, the color comes underneath the sweater as well. from the T-shirt. and that's going to be the smallest part of you, across here. This is your other look. When you go shopping, maybe not everything's going to fit you correctly. So, you need to think about maybe having a few things altered. We're going to stay away from black. Thatt why I've gone for this brown color. N: This is the first time Stuart will have seen his whole new look put together. Mica: So, handsome. Mm, my goodness, you look good. Lisa: One, two, three. Stuart: Oh, wow. Mica: You just look amazing. Mica: Have you ever seen yourself look this good?
Stuart: No. Mica: So, what
has this done for your whole confidence level? Stuarh It's just absolutely gone through the roof. Now I'm looking in the mirror going yeah, I'm. I'm a handsome devil. Mica: Oooh! Lisa: Such acool dude! Mica: Look at that! My goodness. Lisa: I'm looking at you and your whole face is lit up. You have that twinkle in your eye, and you look genuinely, really happy. Stuart: I cant believe it's me, looking back at me. You know, I look ten years, twenty years younger. And I feel young again.
AUDIO AND VIDEO SCRIPTS
1I1
Unit 9 usrexrxG pase 54 2. lnever
Leonardo da Vinci all napped. Mayb" the most famous napper was Winston Churchill, who used this bed at work for his daily nap.Jo Pugh quickly became a pod person herself. She says that her daily twenty-minute has given her a lot more energy.
3.
Unit 10 r-rsrsxrNG page 62
I.
4.
I almost always go to bed after midnight. I ve tried to go to bed earlier, but I just lie there with my eyes open. It's no use! used to like cycling, but now I'm really into it. I think it's great. I ride my bike to school every day. I like to get my work done early. I get up at 6:00 a,m. almost every day and do all my homework. Then it's all out ofthe way for the rest ofthe day! Everyone in my family does household chores every Sunday afternoon. Everyone except my little sister, who's only two months old.
Unit 9 vroeo pase s8
Narrator: At the StrawberryFrog agency in New York City, why is this employee sleeping? And what's that she's sleeping in? This salesman wants these people to... nap? That's
right. He's trying to persuade managers at StrawberryFrog to let their employees nap at work Salesman: So. if he's snoring, hopefully the person sitting over there won't really hear it. Jo: Just because youre working all day does not mean that youre going to get good productivity out ofyour staff. N: Jo Pugh, who is one of the managers, put this napping pod in a corner ofthis busy office.
Interviewer:
Someone might
come in with pajamas.
Jo: Maybe they will.
I:
Would that be OK?
Jo: That would, I think,
be fine.
Salesman: Set the timer. N: The company that sold the pod to StrawberryFrog also has its own napping rooms: $14 for 20 minutes. They tell bosses: employers let workers take coffee breaks, so why not sleeping breaks? I: In other countries. this such as Jo: No. You got a sicsta. You know? The siesta in southern Europe. You know, places dont grind to a halt just because people are having an afternoon lie-down. N: Napping pods are becoming popular. One study of twentyfour hour companies shows more than fifteen percent encourage napping during work hours. At StrawberryFrog, employees love the pods and managers report that their
workers'productivity has gone up. Man: We all slow down atvarious points in the day. It's the time that we look at the nearest couch and think, "If only.. j'Science shows that having a nap can revive a tired mind, and so does history.
N: John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Eleanor Roosevelt, and 112
l.
Paul C6zanne wasborn onJanuary 19, 1839 in Aix-en-Provence, where he went to school. He studied law there from 1859 to 1861. At the same time, he attended drawing classes. In 1861. he decided he wanted to be a painter and moved to Paris. 2. It was high noon when the stranger rode into the dusty little town of Silver Rush. He rode in confidently on a big white horse. He was wearing tall leather boots and a white hat, with ropes and a gun in each hand. What was he doing here? Did he come here to work-or to cause trouble? 3. The moon was full and the night sky was full of stars. The ocean waves were lapping on the beach as a band was playing soft music in the caf6 behind them. He took her hand in his. "Darling," he said. "I can't live without you. Will you marry me?" 4. Humans have been exploring the galaxy for about 70 years, since 2053. Our ships have found many habitable planets. My ship, the Venture II, has surveyed more than 100 planets. We have found many forms of life-animals, insects, and plants. But we havent found any intelligent lMng beings that we can communicate with.
Unit 10 vroeo pase
GG
Narrator:
Stephen King is the king of horror books. Since 1974, he has written fifty novels, almost tlvo hundred scary short stories, and five
nonfiction books. King writes for at least four hours every day, except on his birthday and important holidays. Stephen King: The ideas come, and they have to be let out, that's all. They just have to be let out. N: King wants to scare us. But what scares him? King: Everything that scares you. Everything that scares anybody. That's part of the reason for my success. N: Stephen King and his wife Tabitha met in college. They ve been married for twenty-six years, and they have raised three children. And because Tabitha is also a writer, they understand each other. Tabitha: I dont find what he writes weird and I dont find his characters weird, OK? I really, I think one of his tremendous appeals to people is that he puts you in a world that
you recognize, among people that you know, and then ifbizarre things happen to them, well, the world is a very strange place. N: Stephen doesn't spend all of his time writing, though. He's in a band with a group of other famous writers who sing. He is also a big baseball fan. He even built a million-dollar baseball park for kids behind his house.
Man: Goodjob! Interviewer: You're kind King: Yeah.
of a kid.
N: King was born in Portland, Maine, in 1947. He says his childhood was normal. He started writing when he was a kid and sold his first story to a rnagazine when he was eighteen. After Stephen and Tabitha got married, they lived in a cheap apartment. She worked at a donut shop. He worked at a laundry. But he kept writing, and one day in 1973, his editor called. Paperback rights for Carrie sold for four hundred thousand dollars. Today, the Kings have enough money to rebuild the local library. Stephen says he has always loved to read. I: Do you like Jane Austen? King: I ve never read aJane Austen novel in my life. Seen a couple of the movies. Aah, you don t put that on the air. I: Tolstoy - did you, have... King: I ve never read Tolstoy.
I:
YouteneverreadJane
Austen or Tolstoy? King: NeverreadJane Austen or Tolstoy. I: The greatest novelists. King: I've read most of what Dean Koontz has written, though. I: Here you are, one of the bestselling authors in all of history, and the critics can t find much that they like in your work Does this hurt? King: Well, it does hurt. N: But his fans don t seem to care what his critics say. They love his books.
Unit 11 r-rsrexrNG pase G8 l.
2.
A show of photographs by Edwin Brook opened at the Metropolitan Museum yesterday. Many of the photographer's most famous images are among the 60 photos on display. Over 800 people showed up for the opening, which will continue until the 31"t of this month. Bibi Martin showed her new collection at the Mode KVI show in London this week, held at Dorchester House on Friday evening. Top London models showed off Ms. Martin's new designs. The event featured live music. and a host of local celebrities showed up to enjoy the show.
3. Amy Madden, Boston University
4.
tennis player, won the CTA Championship at the East Side Tennis Club in New York on Sunday. She defeated Serena Smith from Emory University in the finals. Madden is the first Boston University player to win the CTA Championship. Police are investigating a break-in at the CenterCorp headquarters that occurred last night. Laptops and several flat-screen monitors were stolen, along with documents that were in locked file drawers. Police suspect that a recently fired employee might be responsible for the burglary.
Unit 11 vroeo pase72
Male newscaster: She had no plans to be a crime fighter herself, at least not at this age. Female newscaster: No, but you know, things happen. Someone broke into her great-grandmother's home, and not only didJessica get her stuff baclq but she actually tracked down one of the suspects. Jessica Maple joins us this morning with her story. Jessica, great to have you with us. So the police initially said, you know, no sign offorced entry, and you said, "Wait a minute. This doesnt make sense. I know there's more to the storyi'You go down to your great-grandmother's house. Walk us through what happened next. Jessica: Well, when I went to my grandmother's house, I went to the garage and I saw there was broken glass on the garage window and there were fingerprints everywhere. So then I thought, hmm, there's no forced point of entry. I'm looking at it right now. So, there is an obvious sign of forced entry, and so then my mother and I, we opened the garage, and we go inside the house, and there's clothing all over the place. And did I mention that the furniture was gone? Female newscaster: Everything
well, selling stuff to them and all. So then, there was a pawn shop that was down the street from my grandmother's house. And my mother and I, we went down there, and we saw like, almost all of my grandmother's furniture in there. Female newscaster: So, you find all the furniture, they of course have a record ofthe people who brought it in to pawn it. And so at what point did you call the police and say, um,'I think I may have solved the, uh, issue of the robbery at my grandmother's,"? Jessica: I called them immediately after I got, I talked to the manager of the pawn shop, and he gave me two pieces of paper that had I.D.s, and it was two guys who broke into my grandmother's house. They were both seventeen, and I talked to the police. I said, "Here's some evidence with the guys'addresses and all that stuffon there. You can go and arrest them nowi'
Male newscaster: What did the cop say when you brought this evidence to him? Jessica: He thought to himself, "Wow, you beat me herei and I was like, "I did your job againJ' Male newscaster: Hey, we only have a couple ofseconds left. I know you
confronted the suspects, and they hadn t been arrested yet. What did the kids say when you came up to them and said "Look I gotchai? Jessica: Well, the guy was standing next to his mom, and so he looked pretty harmless. So then, like, I started asking him questions, like, "How old are you?" uh, like,'What school do you go to?" and all, and then he finally Male newscaster: We got to cut you off, Jessica. I'm sorry. Great job, continued success. Nice job, hon.
Unit 12 r-rsreruNG l.
tomorrow afternoon at 4:40.I'll call
was gone, right?
Jessica: Yeah! Male newscaster: Jessica, how old are
2.
you again?
Jessica: I'm twelve. MaIe newscaster: Are you sure? Jessica: Yes. Male newscaster: I want to investigate that! OK so you find out all the furniture is gone, and *Hey, your first thought is, let's go downtown and let's check out some of the pawn shops to see if anybody's trying to sell this stufll How did you come up with that idea? Jessica: Well, I thought to myself, since this is a bad economy, people are going to want money instead of keeping the furniture. And I know that pawn shops, they give you money for giving stuff to,
pase 74
Mom, it's AIex. I m calling from the airport. Listen, I'm sorry, but I won't be home tonight. I was a little late, and the plane took off without me. There wont be another one until
3.
4.
you again tomorrow morning, Bye! Hi, Dad. It's David. We're having a fantastic time. The weather's great, and we're just relaxing at the hotel room. We just ordered some food from the hotel's restaurant because we're tired from all the walking and sightseeing. Hi, Mom. Hi, Dad. It's Tracey. I wanted to tell you about dinner last night. I was getting tired of fast food. so I decided to eat at a local restaurant. It was delicious and so different from the food back home. Well, just wanted to let you know. I'il call again soon. Hi, Dad. It's Mike. I'm getting along great here. I can ask all sorts of questions, and sometimes even understand the answers. And you
know what a bad sense ofdirection I have. Well, I havent gotten lost even once on this trip, thanks to those Japanese lessons I took
Unit t2
Narrator:
vn=o
pase 7s
These people all
planned their vacations through an online company called Travelsoon, Dave andJan Brooks made their reservations after seeing a hotel on the website that looked perfect. Jan: It looked amazing. Just
what we were looking for. I saw quite an idyllic place with a nice
pool, and the rooms looked good and comfortable and clean. N: So in May, they flew to Turkey. After a five-hour delay at the airport, they landed in the middle of the night, and immediately got on a bus to their hotel. Dave: We found the Club Aqua Hotel, and an adjacent hotel security guard met us and said that the Club Aqua Hotel had been closed, N: The hotel was closed for renovations. But no one had toldJan and Dave that, and now they had nowhere to stay. The Brooks asked a taxi driver to help them find a hotel and when they found a new one, they had to pay for it themselves. The next morning, Dave called Travelsoon to tell them what had happened. They were moved to a different hotel. But it wasnt what they'd chosen, and it was in a different part of town. But things were even worse for Ann MacKay and her daughterJolie when they booked a vacation on the same Travelsoon site. Jolie: Nice sauna. I was looking forward to the holiday. N: It seemed like theytt found the perfect place, The Royal Panacea Hotel in Turkey. When they got to the hotel. it seemed wonderfirl. Jolie: I was really impressed. I couldn't believe I was staying in a hotel like that. N: The hotel was big, comfortable, and luxurious. But just a few hours later, a man came to their hotel room. Ann: The man at the door asked us to go down to reception to speak to the manager. N: The manager told them that they had to leave the hotel because it was overbooked. So, Ann andJolie had to go to a different hotel and it wasn t nearly as nice as the first one. So how did these reserved and paidfor vacations go so wrong? Well, like many companies offering vacations on the Internet, Travelsoon isn t a tour operator. It's just an agent offering services from other companies. So, a vacation that looks like a complete package can be made up oflots of different arrangements involving many other companies. Each company should communicate important information to Travelsoon, and in these two situations, that didn t happen.
AUDIO AND VIDEO SCR]PTS
113
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ENTS
Il\ustrationsby:Debbie Lofaso, Cover lllustration; 5W Infographics,p9.6,72,78' 32, 38, 66, 78, 100, 103; Joe Taylor. W.22,24,48,50, s1, 62, 88. We would abolike tothankthe follairingfor permissionto reproduce thefollu$ling photographs: "Tip" presenters used throughout the book: Yuri Arcurs/Alamy;
MANDY GODBEHEAR /Alamy Jacob Yuri Wackerhausen fietra Images/Corbis: violetblue /shutte$tock.com. Interior, Andresr / shutterstock, pg. ii; Thomas Balwick/Getty Images, pg. 2; Corbis, Pg. 2; laara Cerman/Leigh Righton/Getty Images, pg. 2; Michael Deleo/Getty Images. pg. 2; Aurora Photos / Alamy, pg. 2; redbrickstock.com / Alamy, pg. 2: Blaine Harrington III / Alamy, P8. 2: Jordan Siemens/Corbis, pg. 2; Topic Photo Agency/Corbis, pg. 3; Aurora Photos / Alamy, pg. 4: Thomas Barwick/Getty Images, pg. 4; Jordan Siemens/Corbis, pg. 4; Corbis, pg.4; Andres Rodriguez /Alarny, pg.4; Iaara Cerman/Leigh fughton/ Getty Images, pg. 4; Brandon Tabiolo/Design Pics/Corbis, pg. a; Purestock/ Getty Images, pg. 5; Mango Productions/Corbis, pg. 5; Emmanuel R Lacoste/ shutterstock, pg. 5; Brooke Slezak/Getty Irnages, pg. 7; INSADCO Photography / Alarny, pg. 8; Hector Mandeuc€tty Images, pg. 8; david pearson / Alamy, pg. 8; Presselect / Alamy, pg. 8; The Asahi Shimbun via Getty Images, pg. 8; Wavebreak Media ltd / Alamy, pg. 8; Buccina Studios/Getty Images, pg. 8; Nikola Miljkovic/cetty Images, pg. 8: Darren Kemper/Corbis, pg. 9; Nikola Miljkovic/ Getty Images, pg. 10; Aurora Photos / Alamy, pg. 10: Presselect / Alamy, pg. 10; Wavebreak Media ltd /Alamy, pg. 10; MARK RALSTON/AIP/GeIIy Images, pg. 10; Jordan Siemens/Corbis, pg. 10; The Asahi Shimbun via Getty Images, pg.10: TonyTremblay/Gefty Images, pg. 11; Raquel Lonas/Getty Images, pg. 13;Juniors
Bildarchiv GmbH /Alamy, pg. 14; Imaginechina/Corbis, pg. 14; David Marsden/ Getty Images, pg. 14: Ivan Danik /Alamy, pg. 14; Blend Images /Alamy, pg. 14: Yuri/Getty Images, pg. 14: Dougal waters/Getty Images, pg. 14; Paul Souders/ Corbis, pg. 14:4FR/Getty Images, pg. 15; Imaginechina/Corbis' pg. 16; Blend Images / Atamy, pg. 16; Ivan Danik / Almy, pg. 16;Juniors Bildarchiv GmbH / Alamy, pg. 16: David Marsden/Getty lrnages, pg. 16; Kidstock/Getty Images' pg. 16; Yuri/Getty Images, pg. 16; Monkey Business Images/shutterstock, pg. 17; iconics/a.collectionRF / Getty Images, pg. 19; Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images, pg. 21: Rene Frederick/Getty Images, pg. 23; stocknroll/Getty Images' pg. 25; Topic Photo Agenry/Corbis, pg.26; Sven Hagolani/Corbis, pg. 27: Wavebreak Media LTDltrVavebreak Media Ltd./Corbis, pg. 28: moodboard/Getty Images' pg. 28: Peter Kirillov/shutterstock, pg.28: Harry Hu / Shutte$tock.com, pg. 28; David Pirvu / Alamy, pg. 28; Peter M. Fisher/Corbis, pg. 28: Knauer/Johnston/ Getty Images, pg. 28: ClerkenwelVGetty Images, pg. 28: Hero Images/Hero lmages/Corbis, pg. 29; Wavebreak Media IjTD/Wavebreak Media Ltd./Corbis' pg. 30: ClerkenwelVcetty Images, pg. 30: Andresr/shutterstock' pg. 30; Harry Hu pg. 30; Morton Beebe/ / Shufterstock.com, pg. 30; Kali Nine LLC/G€tty Images, Corbis, pg. 30: i love images/Getty Images, pg. 30: Flip Nicklin/Minden Pictures' pg. 31; JOHANNES EISELE/AIP/GeIIy Images, pg. 33: Maridav/shutterstock' pg. 34; Glow Images/Getty Images, pg. 34; Hero Images/Getty Images, pg. 34; bikeriderlondon/shutterstock, pg. 34; Cavan Images/Getty Images' pg. 34; Chad Slattery/Getty Images, pg. 34; Peter Dazeley/Getty Images, pg. 34; Hybrid Images/Getty Images, pg. 34; Hiya Images/Corbis, pg. 35; Hybrid Images/Getty Images, pg. 36: Cavan Images/Getty Irnages, pg. 36; Maridav/shutterstock, pg. 36i Adam Gault/Getty Images, pg. 36; redbrickstock.com / Alamy, pg. 36; I-aara Cerman/Leigh fughton/Getty Images, pg. 36; Thomas Barwick/Getty Images' pg. 36: Vismar Ravagnani/Getty Images, pg. 37; Sam Edwardsicetty Images' pg. 39; Pressmaster/shutterstock, pg. 41; Chuck Eckert / Alamy' pg. 42; Samo Trebizan/shutterstock, pg. 42; Liane Cary/Getty Images, pg. 42; MBI / Alamy' pg. 42; Michael Dwyer /Alamy, pg. 42; Blend Images /Alarny, pg. 42; WestendSl/ Getty Images, pg. 42: Betsie Van der Meer/Getty Images' pg. 42; Ocean/Corbis' pg. 43; Westend6l/Getty Images, pg. 44; Peter Dazeley/Getty Images' Pg. '14: MBI / Aiamy, pg. a+; Chuck Eckert / Alarny, pg. 44; Michael Dwyer / Alamy' pg. 44: Ogphoto/Getty Images, pg. 44: Liane Cary/Getty Images' pg. 44; Samo Trebizan/shutterstock, pg. 44; Wonwoo Lee/C'etty Images, pg. 45; Bartlomiej Magierowski /Alamy, pg.46; Ivan Bajic/Getty Images, pg.47: Doug Pensinger/ Getty Images, pg. 47; Betsie Van der Meer/Getty Images, pg. 47; Ocean/Corbis' pg. 47; damircudic/Getry Images, pg. 49: PSUZOB \ /ENN Photosl"lewscom, pg. 52: JarenJai Wicklund/shufterstock, pg. 53; Radius Images/Corbis' pg. 54; David Young-Wolff/Alamy, pg. 54: Cultura RM / Alamy, pg. 54; Skip Brown/ Getty Image, pg. 54; YinYang/Getty Images, pg. 54; Ocean/Corbis' pg. 54; Ryan Smith/Somos Images/Corbis, pg. 54; Fuse/Getty Images, pg. 54; Tetra Images/ Corbis, pg. 55; Fuse/Getty Images, pg. 56; Liane Cary/Getty Images' pg. 56; Pius Lee / Shutterstock.com, pg. 56; Skip Brown/Getty Image, pg. 56; YinYang/Getty Images, pg. 56: Cultura RM /Alamy, pg. 56; Ocean/Corbis' pg. 56; Georgianna lane/Garden Photo World/Corbis, pg. 57; MIKE SEGAPJReuters/Corbis, pg. 58; Jordan Siemens/Getty Images, pg. 59; KC Slagle/shutterstock, pg. 61; Regine Mahaux/Getty lmages, pg. 63; zhang bo/Getty Images' pg. 64; Vivek Sharrna/ Getty Images, pg. 64; laurence Mouton/Getty Images, pg. 64; Directphoto.org pg. 64; Ryan Mcvay/Getty Images' / Alamy, pg. 64: Thinkstock/Getty Images, pg. 64; Yeko Photo Studio/shuttertsock, pg. 64; Harald Sund/Getty Images, pg. 6s; FOX 2000 PICTURES/DUNE ENTERTAINMENT/INGENIOUS MEDL'q'/ HAISIIANG FILMS /THE KOBAL COLLECTION, pg. 67; Philip Wallick/Corbis' pg. 6s; Jim Kidd / Alamy, pg. 68; Monty Rakusen/Gefty Images' pg. 68: Echo/ cetty Images, pg. 68: Is-lmageSource[stock, pg. 68; Alex Livesey/Getty Images, pg. 68; Caro / Alamy, pg. 68; Tetra Images/Corbis, pg. 68; Alan Copson/Getty Images, pg.69: PhotoTalk/Getty Images, pg. 70; Tetra Images/Corbis, pg. 70; Simon Battensby/Getty Images, pg. 70; OUP/Blend Images, pg. 70; Ian Shaw pg. 70; / Alamy, pg. 70: Cultura RM / Alamy, pg. 70; Chuck Eckert / Alamy' Michael Dwyer /Alamy, pg. 70; Splash News/Newscom, pg. 71: altrendo images/ Getty Images, pg. 72; epa european pressphoto agency b.v. / Alamy, pg. 73; udral Ushutterstock, pg. 74; J.A. Bracchi/Getty Images, p9.74: Hero Images/ Corbis, pg. 74: Yellow Dog Productionsicetty Images, pg. 74: Patti Mcconville/ Getty Images, pg. 74; Martin Moxter/age footstock, pg.74i Dave and Les Jacobs/ Getty Images, pg. 74; Andrejs Zemdegapetty Irnages, pg. 74; OuP/Photodisc, pg. 75: Patti Mcconville/Getty Images, pg. 75; Yellow Dog Productions/Getty Images, pg. 76; Hector Mandevcetty Images, pg. 76; udra11/shutterstock, pg. 76; Hero Images/Corbis, pg. 76; Dave and LesJacobs/Getty Images, pg. 76; J.A. Bracchi/Getty Images, pg. 76; Andrejs Zemdega/Getty Images, pg. 76;Julian Elliott Ethereal Light/Getty Images, pg. 77; Blaine Harringlon III / Alamy, pg. 79: Dirk Herzog/shutterstock, pg. 81; eurobanks/shufterstock, pg. 94; wong sze yuen/shutterstock, pg. 94: Kevin Dodge/Corbis, pg. 95; OUP/Stockbyte, pg. 95; eurobanks/shutterstock, pg. 97: wong sze yuen/shutterstock, pg. 97; Kevin Dodge/Corbis, pg. 98; OuP/Stockbyte, pg. 98.