Housing Scenario in Goa: A Visual Guide

HOUSING SCENARIO IN GOA

A VISUAL GUIDE

CENSUS HOUSES IN GOA A census house means a structure for commercial,residential social or religious purposes that could be either vacant or occupied. It maybe a building, part of a building or an independent unit having a separate entrance.

Of the 5.76.582 census houses, 4.51.079 are occupied.

= 10.000 census houses = 5.000 census houses = occupied census house

DISTRIBUTION OF CENSUS HOUSES IN GOA total number of census houses 5.00.000

25.65%

occupied census houses 18.21%

4.00.000

vacant census houses While the total number of census houses increased from 4.58.868 to 5.76.582 [25.65%], the number of occupied houses gradually increased from 3.81.584 to 4.51.079 [18.21%].

3.00.000

2.00.000

1.00.000

62.39%

2001

The data shows an alarming growth in the number of vacant houses from 77.284 to 1.25.503 [62.39%]. This unreasonable burden on natural resources is due to a speculative demand for housing.

2011

= vacant census houses One in every 5 census houses in Goa is vacant.

A reason for this is believed to be the increasing trend in investing in unoccupied property.

Contrary to the popular belief, the number of unoccupied houses is more in the urban parts as compared to the rural parts of Goa.

18.08% Growth

2001

= occupied census houses

2011

There is an almost equal growth rate observed in the total number of occupied census houses from 3.81.584 to 4.51.079 and those occupied as residences from 2.66.271 to 3.14.414 respectively.

North Goa has 19.561 more vacant houses as compared to South Goa.

= 1,00,000 census houses Of 5.74.582 census houses, 3.14.414 are occupied solely as residences and 5.312 are being used as 'residence�cum�other use'.

= occupied as purely residential census houses 1

OCCUPIED CENSUS HOUSES AS PER USE 2001

2011

other non-residential uses

52.848

55.390

shop/office

35.412

44.928

5.000

30.000

50.000 4.81%

26.87%

7.926

occupied but locked

factory/shed/workshop

6.715

6.465

-3.72%

residential mixed-use

6.121

5.312

-13.22%

hotel/lodge

4.343

6.118

place of worship

5.686

5.964

school/college

2.837

2.913

hospital/dispensary

1.351

1.649

40.87%

4.89%

2.68%

22.06%

Contrary to the evident growth in numbers of the 'non‐residential' uses, there is a 40.87% of growth in the hotel and lodging sector with a dip of 13.22% in the residential mixed‐use sector between 2001‐2011.

DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS: 2001-11 14.99%

2001 NORTH GOA

NORTH GOA

2011

1.79.085

1.55.727

SOUTH GOA

SOUTH GOA

1.23.489

1.43.728

The increase in the number of households in North Goa and South Goa between 2001‐11 has been marginal, with South Goa witnessing a slightly better rate of growth as compared to North Goa.

16.39%

= 1.00.000 households

15.61% Growth

2001

2011

The number of households across Goa saw an increase from 2.79.216 households in 2001 to 3.22.813 in 2011.

2

URBANIZATION & UNPRECEDENTED TRANSITIONS 56

A town with a population of 5,000 and above, having a population density of 400 persons per sq.km. and having atleast 75% of the male working population engaged in non‐agricultural activities is considered as a Census Town.

30

5

1961

2001

2011

There is a steep increase in the number of census towns in just 10 years as compared to the gradual increase over a span of 40 years between 1961‐2001.

With two‐thirds of housing structures in urban areas, more than 62% of Goa's population is urbanised. Till date, the State of Goa has a total of 13 municipalites and a single corporation.

With villages rapidly transforming into towns, the real challenge lies in proposing town planning schemes within limited land, accomodating all types of development.

SHARING HOUSES households 2001

2011

2.6% houses were occupied by more than one household from a total of 2,72,139 residential census houses

2,79,216

residential census houses

The data clearly indicates that almost all residential census houses are occupied by single households as of 2011.

declined to 0.97% houses occupied by more than one household from a total of 3,19,726 residential census houses

3,22,813

CONDITION OF RESIDENTIAL CENSUS HOUSES 2001

65.9%

good

30.3%

liveable 2011

76.2%

dilapidated

22.3%

CENSUS HOUSES: ROOF MATERIAL 2001

2011

tiles

59.9%

48.7%

concrete

28.0%

36.0%

GI/metal/asbestos

6.9%

9.2%

grass/mud/wood

3.6%

2.4%

stone/slate

0.4%

2.0%

burnt bricks

0.1%

0.6%

plastic/polythene

0.4%

0.6%

others

0.6%

0.4%

5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

85

95

The data indicates that the prominent material for roofing are tiles [48.7%], followed by concrete [36.0%]. However, between 2001‐2011 concrete has become more popular as compared to tiles. Among others, GI/metal/asbestos [9.2%] and stone/slate [2.0%] have found widespread use.

3

CENSUS HOUSES: WALL MATERIAL 2001

2011

stone

62.7%

73.7%

mud/unburnt brick

19.6%

9.7%

concrete

6.0%

9.1%

grass/thatch/bamboo

3.8%

2.2%

burnt bricks

4.0%

1.7%

GI/metal/asbestos

1.2%

1.2%

wood

1.8%

1.1%

others

0.7%

0.7%

plastic/polythene

0.3%

0.5%

5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

85

95

While stone remains a popular material for walls, the use of mud/unburnt bricks has seen a steep drop [9.7%].

Concrete has become vastly popular [9.1%] while use of burnt bricks [1.7%] and grass/thatch/bamboo [2.2%]has substantially reduced.

CENSUS HOUSES: FLOORING MATERIAL 2001

2011

flooring tiles

28.8%

42.2%

cement

38.6%

37.6%

mud

30.9%

16.2%

stone

0.6%

2.7%

others

0.4%

0.9%

burnt bricks

0.4%

0.2%

wood/bamboo

0.2%

0.2%

5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

85

95

Between 2001‐2011, there is a significant growth in the use of floor tiles [42.2%] as a flooring material. Stone [2.7%] has also become increasingly popular.

The data also reveals a steep drop in the application of mud [16.2%] for flooring. Cement floors [37.6%] continue to be widely used.

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GOA VS NATIONAL AVERAGE IN QUALITY OF HOUSES

Pucca Houses: Goa is the only state with 83.1% pucca houses.

Goa National Average

The floor finish statistics of Goa are largest among other states including Maharashtra [36.8%] and Gujarat [36.2%]

Houses with floor finish: In Goa alone, 43.6% houses have mosaic tiles and or better floor finishes as compared to other states.

HOUSEHOLDS BY OWNERSHIP STATUS: 2011 78.8%

3.7%

17.4%

Goa 87.6%

73.3%

9.1%

Rural

22.6%

Urban

The percentage of total owned houses is 1.5% more than that in 2001. The ownership status is rural parts is higher as compared to the urban parts.

owned rented others

HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF DWELLING ROOMS: 2011 Goa State two rooms

25.2%

four rooms and above three rooms

24.6%

one room

19.3%

27.6%

three rooms 25.2%

four rooms

14.8%

five rooms

6.5%

six rooms and above

6.3%

24.6%

22.7% no exclusive room

3.4%

two rooms

one room and no exclusive room

As compared to the national average of 12.82%, Goa has more than double [27.6%] households having four rooms and above. Whereas, the percentage of one room and no exclusive rooms is approximately half [22.7%] of the national average of 40.99%.

5

HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF DWELLING ROOMS IN RURAL & URBAN PARTS OF GOA Rural

Urban

two rooms

25.5%

25.0%

three rooms

22.6%

25.8%

one room

17.6%

20.4%

four rooms

16.5%

13.6%

ďŹ ve rooms

7.6%

5.8%

six rooms and above

7.1%

5.8%

no exclusive room

3.1%

3.6%

5

15

25

35

45

55

45

55

SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER IN GOA: 2011 Rural

Urban

tap water

77.8%

90.2%

well

15.9%

8.0%

spring

2.8%

0.3%

others

2.3%

1.2%

tubewell

0.4%

0.2%

river

0.7%

0.1%

handpump

0.1%

0.1%

5

15

25

35

65

75

85

95

From the statistics, it is evident that tap water from a treated source serves as the most important source of drinking water for all household types of Goa. Still, a staggering 22.2% households in rural Goa have no access to tap water.

Wells are relatively a more popular source in rural parts [15.9%] as compared to urban [8.0%] Goa.

Goa State

tap water

tap water

85.4%

well

well

11.1%

spring

1.2%

others

1.5%

tubewell

0.3%

river

0.3%

all others

85.4%

With 80.7% of Goa consuming tap water, the remaining 19.3% is dependant on various other untreated sources such as wells, canals and springs of questionable quality.

11.1% handpump

0.1%

3.5%

6

SOURCES OF LIGHTING IN GOA: 2011 5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

85

95

electricity

kerosene

solar

rural urban

other oils

GOA 96.9%

electricity no lighting

all others

Electricity is clearly the main source of lighting across the state of Goa. With nearly 97% of the households dependent on this, only a marginal percentage is without lighting.

DISTRIBUTION OF LATRINE FACILITIES IN GOA: 2011 79.7%

20.3%

Goa 70.9%

85.3%

29.1%

Rural

14.7%

Urban

The data reveals that more than half of households across Goa are equipped with latrine facilities within the premises. The percentage of households without latrine facilities is higher in rural Goa when compared to urban parts.

latrine facility within premises no latrine facility within premises

CASES OF OPEN DEFECATION IN GOA: 2011

36.32%

27.4% 17.9%

9.5%

Rural

Urban

SC

ST

20.3% of households have no toilets in Goa. 16.4% of households are forced for open defecation in Goa. Among all, the cases of open defecation are the highest among the ST community owing to lack of any type of latrine facilities.

7

no latrine facility

With 16.4% of Goa devoid of any latrine facilities, provision of public toilets along with creating awareness can be seen as a viable step in the near future.

NORTH GOA

18.7%

GOA

Among the households with latrine facilities within premises, majority of them have water closets with septic tanks and the remainder have pit laterines or other types.

SOUTH GOA

16.4%

13.5%

DISTRIBUTION OF BATHING FACILITY IN GOA: 2011 bathroom bathing enclosure without roof no bathing facility NORTH GOA

81.4%

81.4% 8.0% 10.7%

GOA

In rural parts of Goa, where the percentage of houses without bathrooms is relatively higher, waste water is drained out into the open.

SOUTH GOA

8.2%

It is imperative that drains be closed and bathrooms are provided in parts of Goa that reveal a serious shortage.

81.3% 8.5% 10.2%

10.4%

69.7%

52.2%

65.8%

88.7%

21.3% 11.4% 18.9%

Rural

16.0% 6.2%

Urban

26.5%

18.2%

SC

ST

TYPES OF DRAINAGE CONNECTION FOR WASTE WATER OUTLET IN GOA: 2011

26.0% 28.2%

16.9%

closed drainage

32.5%

open drainage

33.5% 54.8% 38.5%

no drainage

23.2% 45.8%

Rural

22.0%

Urban

50.6%

27.8%

SC

ST

8

TYPES OF DRAINAGE CONNECTION FOR WASTE WATER OUTLET IN GOA: 2011

39.7% NORTH GOA 24.4%

closed drainage open drainage

43.7% 35.8%

no drainage

A substantial amount of Goa has no drainage facility [31.2%] at all.

GOA 25.1%

48.6% SOUTH GOA

31.2%

Even of the parts with drainage 25.1% of it is an open system.

26.0% 25.5%

The data across Goa for latrine, bathing and drainage facilties, there is a severe deficit among the rural parts of Goa with an alarming shortage of proper hygiene facilities among the ST community in comparison to the SC communities.

AVAILABILITY OF KITCHEN FACILITY IN GOA: 2011 with kitchen without kitchen

NORTH GOA 91.7% 92.5% 7.5%

88.8%

Rural GOA

93.4%

Urban

SOUTH GOA

90.6% 9.4%

8.3%

The percentage without a kitchen is marginal, with rural parts a little higher than the rest of Goa.

TYPES OF FUEL USED FOR COOKING ACROSS GOA: 2011 Goa State

LPG/PNG

LPG/PNG

72.7%

firewood

firewood

20.7%

kerosene

4.1%

crop residue

0.9%

biogas

0.4%

all others

72.7%

Types of fuel used include‐ firewood, crop residue, cow dung cake, coal, lignite, charcoal, kerosene, LPG/PNG, electricity, biogas and other sources.

20.7% 6.6%

9

AVAILABILITY OF KITCHEN FACILITY IN GOA: 2011 Rural

Urban

LPG/PNG

59.5%

81.1%

firewood

35.4%

11.5%

kerosene

2.6%

5.1%

crop residue

1.2%

0.7%

biogas

0.3%

0.4%

5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

85

95

DISTRIBUTION OF LPG ACROSS GOA

with LPG without LPG

NORTH GOA

74.0%

The statistics indicate that still 40.5% of rural parts of Goa have no access to LPG/PNG‐ making firewood the second most popular choice of fuel in these parts.

26.0%

GOA

71.1%

72.7%

SOUTH GOA

The consumption of LPG is certainly most widespread across the State and especially in the urban parts of Goa. While it appears that LPG is slowly reaching across all communities, the growth is relatively slower in the rural parts of the State.

27.3% 28.9%

43.9%

41.9%

56.1%

58.1%

59.5% 81.1% 40.5% 18.9%

Rural

Urban

SC

ST

Research and Development in the findings of alternative sources of cooking fuels like bio‐gas and solar cooking require awareness among among households to help increase their usage.

The above studies seemingly indicate that Goa is a far more developed state as compared to rest of India. The immediate need is for a new Policy to provide better living conditions across SC & ST communities of Goa.

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Analyses & Compilation by:

Data Visualisation & Organisation by:

Dr. Gaurav K. Pandey Directorate of Census Operations, Goa pandey.gkp@gmail.com

Hrushita Davey, Architect�Writer, Matter.

Ruturaj Parikh, Director, Matter. studiomatter.in | studio@matter.co.in

*Data Source: Census of India� 2011 & 2001.

Published in May, 2017.