Science at UCD 2010

DISCOVER. EXPERIENCE. CHOOSE.

SCIENCE AT UCD 2010 UCD Science Programme Office University College Dublin

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Applying to UCD EU applicants should apply through the Central Applications Office (CAO). Application information is available at www.cao.ie. Each UCD degree has a unique CAO code associated with it. For example, the Omnibus Science entry is DN008. If you are searching online for information about a course, it is a good idea to use both the code and the degree name. Non-EU applicants apply either via a UCD agent in their own country or online at www.ucd.ie/apply.

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS Leaving Certificate Minimum Requirements

A-Level Minimum Requirements

Passes in 6 subjects (including 2 at minimum HC3) including Irish* English Mathematics** 1 laboratory science subject 2 other recognised subjects *If you were born outside the Republic of Ireland, you do not require Irish as a subject for entry to UCD **Minimum Grade B3 LC Ordinary Level/D3 LC Higher Level

GCSE Grade C in English GCSE Grade B in Mathematics GCSE Grade C in 1 laboratory science subject GCSE Grade C in 3 other recognised subjects If you need additional help in relation to your eligibility as an A-level applicant to UCD send an email to admissions@ucd.ie For a calculator on working out points and other information visit www.ucd.ie/myucd/alevel

CAO Code & UCD Degree Title

Minimum CAO Points 2008

Minimum A-Level Grades 2008 or equivalent combination***

DN008 Science Omnibus DN020 Actuarial and Financial Studies

300

BB (A-Level) & d (AS)

520

AAA (A-Level) & a (AS)

Leaving Certificate Maths HB3 A-Level Maths B

DN093 Archaeology and Geology

345

CCD (A-Level) & c (AS)

Leaving Certificate Other language OD3 A-Level Other language C

DN039 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology DN038 Climate & Earth System Science

465

ABB (A-Level) & c (AS)

320

AB (A-Level) & d (AS)

DN030 Computer Science DN032 Mathematical Science

335

ACD

465

ABB (A-Level) & c (AS)

DN035 Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology DN036 Neuroscience DN034 Pharmacology DN033 Physics with Astronomy and Space Science

395

BCDD

435

ACC (A-Level) & a (AS)

420

BBC (A-Level) & c (AS)

335

AB (A-Level) & c (AS)

Leaving Certificate HC3 in Physics or Maths or Applied Maths A-Levels C in Maths or Physics or Applied Maths

DN031 Theoretical Physics

405

AAC (A-Level)

Leaving Certificate HB2 Maths and HB2 Physics A-Levels Maths B and Physics B

***NB The introduction of the A* grade in 2010 will result in revised A-Level equivalencies.

Additional Subject Requirements

Leaving Certificate Maths HC3 A-Level Maths C

Leaving Certificate Maths HB1 A-Level Maths B

Science at UCD

Contents Biological and Chemical Sciences

4

Mathematical Sciences

10

Physical Sciences

14

Careers in Science

17

Welcome to UCD Science Our dynamic and modern university is renowned, nationally and internationally, both for its quality of education and pioneering research. Since 1854, our graduates have played a central role in the shaping of modern Ireland and in the conduct of international affairs.

Today, University College Dublin is a vibrant and exciting centre of learning where, through the Horizons programme, you can enhance your learning experience by broadening your learning or driving deeper into the subjects that interest you. Either way, you will receive a first class education and a great opportunity for personal development.

UCD has the largest Science programme in the country, providing degree courses in biological, chemical, geological, mathematical, physical and computer sciences delivered by lecturers at the forefront of both teaching and research.

At UCD Science, we recognise that students need support that extends beyond their academic needs. We have two full-time Student Advisers available to meet with students on a range of problems in relation to personal, social or practical issues. No problem is too trivial. In addition, the Science Programme Office staff are always available to assist students with academic, administrative and other problems. Student Advisers, the Programme Office and academic staff operate an “Open Door� policy, which means that you can drop in at any time without an appointment.

We look forward to welcoming you to UCD.

UCD Science graduates are in great demand in Science-based employment both at home and abroad, and are equally sought after in areas other than Science where there are requirements for rigorously trained, numerically competent and analytically proficient graduates. Many UCD Science graduates continue their studies at graduate level, through Graduate Higher Diplomas, Master and PhD programmes in UCD or through postgraduate training in leading institutions all over the world.

Professor Mark Rogers Dean of Science at UCD

SCIENCE AT UCD | 1

Science at UCD

UCD Science Programmes You can enter UCD Science through the Omnibus or Denominated routes. There are 23 single honours degrees to choose from in the Omnibus programme or you may take a range of joint degrees where you study two science subjects. Each subject in the Omnibus programme has a limit on the number of places available and students are not always guaranteed their first subject choice.

If you already know the science subject you wish to study, you can

enter that programme directly through one of 10 BSc or 1 BAFS denominated entry routes. This option guarantees a place on your chosen degree programme.

The CAO code for the Science Omnibus entry is DN008 and the CAO codes for the Denominated entries are listed in Table 1. All the degrees available are divided into three main areas – Biological & Chemical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematical Sciences.

TABLE 1: CAO Codes and Subject Areas for BSc and BAFS degrees.

CAO Code

Subject Areas

CAO Code

Subject Areas

Biological & Chemical Sciences

Physical Sciences

DN008

Biochemistry

DN093

DN039 & DN008

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

DN038 & DN008

Climate & Earth System Science

DN008

Botany

DN008

Geology

DN008

Cell & Molecular Biology

DN008

Physics

DN008

Chemistry

DN033 & DN008

Physics with Astronomy & Space Science

DN008

Environmental Biology

DN031 & DN008

Theoretical Physics

DN008

Genetics

DN035 & DN008

Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology

Mathematical Sciences

DN008

Microbiology

DN020

Actuarial and Financial Studies

DN036 & DN008

Neuroscience

DN008

Applied & Computational Mathematics

DN034 & DN008

Pharmacology

DN030

Computer Science

DN008

Physiology

DN032 & DN008

Mathematical Science

DN008

Plant Genetic Engineering

DN008

Mathematics

DN008

Zoology

DN008

Statistics

Archaeology & Geology

Stages of a UCD Science Degree There are three stages to a BSc General Science degree and four stages to an Honours Degree. Each stage is normally completed in one year. Stage 1 Science students have a mixture of lectures and practical classes every day. Typically, lectures take place in the mornings, practicals in the afternoons. Laboratory, field and librarybased projects form an integral part of the course. You do have to work hard but there is still room for a social life! Entering Science can be a daunting experience and the Science Programme Office is committed to helping students through their first year. There is a huge degree of choice but we offer comprehensive advisory sessions at the start of the year to help you choose the course that is right for you. Academic Staff, Peer Mentors, Science Programme Office staff and Student Advisers are also there to help you with your decisions.

Stage 1 Under UCD Horizons, each degree is made up of 12 modules per

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year. In Stage 1 Science, you take 10 science modules and two electives which may also be science modules. You take six modules per semester.

In Stage 1, you may sample up to six science subjects in your first semester. This gives you a great opportunity to decide which of the sciences is of interest to you. It allows you time and flexibility to make an informed choice on the subjects that you will pursue in your second semester and in the following years. You can change your second semester choices after the first semester ends.

By choosing your modules carefully, you have the possibility of choosing from several degrees at the end of Stage 1.

Stages 2, 3 and 4 In Stage 2, you have the option of pursuing up to three different degree subjects. At the end of Stage 2, you choose your major subject for Stages 3 and 4. You may also opt to take a joint major where you specialise in two subject areas.

Science at UCD

Table 2: Sample pathway for a BSc Science Degree

Student

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4

Rowland Bennett Science Omnibus

10 Science*

10 Science

10 Science

No. of Science

Modules

Modules

Modules

Modules

Rowland was a first-year entrance scholar who got 600 points in his Leaving Certificate

= 50 credits

= 50 credits

= 50 credits

varies = 60 credits

2 Elective**

2 Elective

2 Elective

Modules

Modules

Modules

= 10 credits

= 10 credits

= 10 credits

Total

Total

Total

Total

= 60 credits

= 60 credits

= 60 credits

= 60 credits

* There are compulsory modules you must study depending on which subject you wish to specialise in. In Stages 1 and 2 there may also be some optional modules you can study from within Science. See insert at back of brochure for further details. ** Elective modules are modules available from any programme within UCD. You can only choose modules that will fit into your Science timetable.

In sixth year I had no idea what I wanted to work at so I decided to go with the subjects I liked most and study Science at college. The Omnibus programme at UCD is a really good choice if you’re unsure which area of science you’d like to specialise in as all kinds of combinations of subjects are possible in first year. You can even try them all for the first week or two, if you really want to!

Of course, there’s more to college than study, and I’d recommend any first year to get involved with societies as much as possible. This year I took part in debating, tennis and the UCD Community Musical, and I also write for The University Observer, one of UCD’s two student newspapers. UCD is great in that it’s so big – there really is something for everyone!

Your First Year Explained Support for Students The Science Programme Office will be your first point of contact and we encourage you to visit the office for information, support and advice on any issue. Staff in the office will be able to give you advice on module selection for the courses you intend to follow and the subject areas you can progress into in later years. The Programme Office is open from 8:30am to 5:00pm during term and operates a drop-in policy.

Peer Mentoring All incoming Stage 1 students will be linked with a Peer Mentor who is a Stage 2 or Stage 3 Science Student. They are available to help you to get to know the ropes, answer all of your questions and offer good advice on things such as where to go, how to fit it all in and how and when to join clubs and societies.

You will meet your Mentor during Orientation and you will exchange details so that you can contact them during the year and they can let you know of group meetings.

Advisory Sessions Advisory sessions are held for all Stage 1 Science students before term is due to start. The advisory sessions commence with an address by the Dean of Science. During these sessions you will have the opportunity to attend short talks from science lecturers and meet and talk to individual staff members for consultation on the

selection of modules. Science lecturers in each of the Science Schools will be available for the first two weeks of Semester 1 to meet with Stage 1 Science students to answer questions about module selection.

Choosing your Modules The modules you choose in your first year will determine the subjects that you may specialise in, and ultimately what degree you can achieve.

For example, if you want to pursue a degree in Chemistry, you must take two Chemistry modules (CHEM 10050 and CHEM 10060) and two Mathematics modules (MATH 10070 and MATH 10090) at Stage 1.

To pursue a degree in Microbiology or Zoology, at Stage 1 you must take three Biology modules (BIOL 10020, BIOL 10050 and BIOL 10060), two Chemistry modules (CHEM 10050 and CHEM 1060) and two Mathematics modules (MATH 10070 and MATH 10090).

You need to study 10 Science modules in your first year so after you select the compulsory modules for your degree course, you can then make up your remaining module requirements from optional Science modules.

A complete list of all Stage 1 modules for Omnibus and Denominated students is enclosed at the back of this brochure.

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Biological and Chemical Sciences

A protein extract from a breast cancer cell line. Image by Thomas Lau

Biological and Chemical Sciences Sample path for Biological and Chemical Sciences degree

Alumna

The example below illustrates one of many combinations of subjects for a student interested in a BSc degree in Zoology.

STAGE 1 Biology 3 modules = 15 credits

STAGE 2 Genetics 3 modules = 15 credits

Chemistry 2 modules = 10 credits

Zoology 6 modules = 30 credits

Mathematics 2 modules = 10 credits

1 Optional Science module = 5 credits

STAGE 3 Zoology 10 modules = 50 credits

STAGE 4 Zoology 10 modules = 60 credits

3 Optional Science modules = 15 credits 2 Elective modules = 10 credits

2 Elective modules = 10 credits

2 Elective modules = 10 credits

Total = 60 credits

Total = 60 credits

Total = 60 credits

I knew from an early age that I wanted to study Science and UCD was always my university of choice. Following an exciting four years of hard work (and a thoroughly enriching social life) I graduated with my BSc in 1995 from the department of Biochemistry at Merville House. I was determined to continue my studies and enrolled as a PhD student. My PhD in enzyme kinetics afforded me the opportunity to develop a range of research techniques, to work with wonderful people and to travel and present at international conferences, including a three-week tour of Japan.

My introduction to the private sector began with Tyco Healthcare and was soon followed by the role of Scientific Advisor with GlaxoSmithKline. I am now the Medical Affairs Manager with Sanofi Pasteur MSD in Ireland. Despite my love of research, I have thoroughly adapted to the corporate environment.

Total = 60 credits

Potential combinations shown here are examples only and are not guaranteed by UCD. Some modules at Stages 3 and 4 are worth more than 5 credits.

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Dr Br贸nagh Hayden Medical Affairs Manager with Sanofi Pasteur BSc (Hons) Biochemistry, PhD

My education has equipped me with the necessary skills to thrive in the private sector where the ability to comprehend complex scientific information and communicate effectively are valuable assets.

Biological and Chemical Sciences

DN008 Biochemistry

s

DN039 & DN008 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

DN008 Botany

Undergraduate practical in the UCD Conway Institute.

Fern spore by electron microscopy (colour treated). Image by Alfonso Blanco

Biochemistry aims to explore and understand every aspect of the structure and function of all living things at the molecular level. Biochemistry combines the molecular approach of Chemistry with the breadth and diversity of Biology. It uses varied and powerful experimental techniques to examine living organisms, their component parts and molecules that play a role in the function of the cell.

Biochemistry occupies a central position in modern biological research. The degree programme covers a wide range of topics including the structural biology of proteins and enzymes, biotechnology, bioinformatics and proteomics, structurebased drug design, molecular endocrinology, cell signalling, the molecular basis of disease and genetic information processing.

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology aims to explore and understand every aspect of the structure and function of all living things at the molecular level. The combination of these subjects into one degree programme unites the molecular approach of Chemistry with the breadth and diversity of Biology. Both use varied and powerful experimental techniques to examine living organisms, their component parts and molecules that play a role in the function of the cell.

The degree programme covers topics including the structural biology of proteins and enzymes, biotechnology, bioinformatics and proteomics, structure-based drug design, molecular endocrinology, cell signalling, the molecular basis of disease and genetic information processing.

Botany is the scientific study of plants and fungi. Plants are a vital component of the biosphere and are directly responsible for the conditions that support and maintain the atmospheric and environmental conditions required for life on Earth. Plants are also the mainstay of human and animal diets and provide medicines, timber, paper and clothing. Plants are also being exploited as sources of renewable energy, biodegradable plastics and biofuels.

What sort of careers do Biochemistry graduates have?

Graduates of this degree will be equipped with the skills required to pursue a career in any avenue of modern biomolecular research. They should be able to obtain positions in a wide range of industrial and academic facilities including the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries, forensic science and clinical laboratories. In addition graduates may pursue careers in teaching, publishing and management, as well as being prepared for entry into professions such as medicine.

HIV-1 Protease – one of the key enzymes in HIV.

Graduates will be able to obtain positions in a wide range of industrial and academic facilities including the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries, forensic science and clinical laboratories. In addition, graduates may pursue careers in teaching, publishing and management. A degree in Biochemistry is also good preparation for entry into professions such as medicine.

What sort of careers do Biochemistry and Molecular Biology graduates have?

What sort of careers do Botany graduates have?

Botany graduates pursue careers as plant scientists, environmental consultants, pollution biologists, molecular geneticists and cell biologists, as well as in more vocational areas, as agronomists, horticulturalists, national park supervisors and wildlife or conservation officers.

SCIENCE AT UCD | 5

Biological and Chemical Sciences

DN008 Cell & Molecular Biology

DN008 Chemistry

DN008 Environmental Biology

Advanced biological approaches now allow us to look at how human cells interact with novel biomaterial surfaces at a molecular level. This is an integrated view of cell-biomaterial interaction.

Image by William Gallagher

Chemistry students Rory Herron and Craig Connolly during a practical involving the extraction of cyclopentadiene.

Studying reptiles on a field trip to southern Spain.

Image by Tasman Crowe

Cell and Molecular Biology studies cells and the molecules that combine to form them.

This includes their physiological properties such as their structure, their interaction with the extracellular environment and other cells, their life cycle, division and function and eventual death. This is done both on a microscopic and molecular level.

Cell biology researches both single-celled organisms like bacteria and specialised cells in organisms such as humans and plants.

Appreciating the similarities and differences between cell types is particularly important to the fields of cell and molecular biology.

Research in cell biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology and developmental biology.

All materials and living things consist of atoms and molecules. Chemistry is the study of these atoms and molecules and how they interact with each other and the role they play in living things. Many students choose to specialise in Chemistry, as a detailed knowledge of the subject is essential for entry to many interesting and challenging careers. For instance, chemists are creative and can discover new substances that can have a range of applications such as medicines that fight disease (e.g., aspirin, penicillin), or as materials that are very important in everyday life (e.g., PVC, Teflon).

Environmental Biology investigates the interactions between organisms and their natural and man-made environments. The disciplines of animal ecology, conservation biology, ecophysiology, ecotoxicology, microbial ecology, plant ecology, pollution biology, vegetation science and wildlife ecology all contribute to the understanding of environmental biology.

What sort of careers do Cell and Molecular Biology graduates have?

Chemists in industry are involved in the production and analysis of chemicals. Those in research work on the discovery of new medicines, new devices and materials and on advancing our knowledge of the world.

Development chemists can work with engineers and business people to turn discoveries into commercially valuable products.

Graduates in Cell and Molecular Biology use their training to pursue a wide variety of careers. They are employed in a wide range of pharmaceutical, industrial and academic areas. These include public sector institutions (government laboratories and agencies, etc.), research institutes, second- and thirdlevel teaching institutions. Graduates may also use their scientific background in other areas such as scientific publishing, marketing, sales and management.

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What sort of careers do Chemistry graduates have?

What sort of careers do Environmental Biology graduates have?

Environmental Biologists pursue a variety of scientific careers, such as aquaculture and fisheries managers, environmental consultants, habitat ecologists, national park supervisors, pollution biologists, rare species conservation officers, technical and scientific officers, university professors, wildlife officers and conservation biologists.

Biological and Chemical Sciences

DN008 Genetics

s

DN035 & DN008 Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology James Williamson Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology

These are transgenic zebrafish larvae (5 days old, 3mm long) that express green fluorescent protein in all their blood vessels. The zebrafish is our animal model to study retinal development and disease.

Image by Yolanda Alvarez

Crystal structure of the extracellular segment of an Integrin protein involved in blood clotting. Image

by Norman Davey

Genetics is the scientific study of heredity – how information is passed from one generation to the next. Molecular genetics and molecular biology are core components of modern biology, medicine and biotechnology. The Genetics degree course covers exciting new developments such as genetic engineering and biotechnology, transgenic animals, genetically modified plants, medical genetics, gene therapy, molecular evolution, developmental biology and genomics.

With its enormous impact on biology and medicine, Chemical Biology will undoubtedly lead to further discoveries and inventions, which will become widely adopted in clinical practice. Consider such Nobel Prize winning accomplishments as the discovery of penicillin (Fleming, Florey and Chain, Hodgkin) and the determination of the structure of DNA (Watson and Crick).

Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry are fields populated by chemists who have a good understanding of biology at the molecular level. They will be of increasing importance for decades to come to address existing and emerging healthcare problems (for example cancer, AIDS, TB and avian flu).

What sort of careers do Genetics graduates have?

Many Genetics graduates go on to study for a higher degree (MSc/PhD) and work in all sorts of areas, such as universities and industrial research laboratories. Other graduates obtain jobs in agribiotech and other biotechnology companies, in the pharmaceutical sector and in hospital diagnostic laboratories.

What sort of careers do Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology graduates have?

Chemical Biologists and Medicinal Chemists will develop the next generation of medicines to solve such problems and will have an impact across a wide range of areas including the development of environmentally friendly approaches to process chemistry.

I’m studying Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology. When I was in secondary school I studied biology. I loved it but I found that chemistry forms a major part of the biology course. I then realised that many biological processes are due to chemical reactions and I became very keen on the idea of studying biology from a chemist’s perspective. That is exactly what this course allows.

In Medicinal Chemistry I have the opportunity to study the likes of biochemistry, endocrinology, immunology and biomedical sciences alongside chemistry subjects such as organic chemistry and physical chemistry. I found in first year that the course catered very well for those who had not studied both biology and chemistry before.

There are many different scientific pathways that a medicinal chemistry student can pursue after their degree. I am particularly interested in organic chemistry and the synthesis and manipulation of natural extracts for medical purposes.

Science is also a very exciting place in UCD at the minute. I am currently part of the Science Day Committee, a class rep and a first year mentor. The possibilities are endless in both the curricular and extra curricular aspects of UCD.

“I enjoy the hands-on practicals most of all”

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Biological and Chemical Sciences

DN008 Microbiology

Conor Brennan and Fay Dalton in an undergraduate Microbiology lab investigating the IMViC test used in water and food analysis.

Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms known as micro-organisms or microbes. Microbes play a key role in every facet of life on this planet. For example, microbes are an essential link in the (re)cycling of nutrients and have a major impact on the earth’s climate by their metabolism of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. Microbes protect us from colonisation by pathogens, assist in our metabolism of food and are responsible for the production of essential nutrients and vitamins in our bodies. A few microbes cause disease, for example MRSA, AIDS and meningitis.

Microbiological research aims to find treatments for these and other infectious diseases. In addition we use and engineer fungi and bacteria to produce a vast array of compounds ranging from antibiotics to bioplastics, which play a critical role in medicine and industry.

What sort of careers do Microbiology graduates have?

Microbiologists are employed in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries and in the food and food-related industries where they are involved in research and development, process design and control, management and in quality control. All hospitals employ microbiologists where they work in, for example, clinical laboratories.

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DN036 & DN008 Neuroscience

Cillian Lynch and Claire Mooney looking at embryos at different stages of development.

Neuroscience is the study of nerve cells and attempts to understand how these cells interact with each other to form the brain and regulate body functions and human behaviour. The malfunction of the nervous system lies at the heart of a number of devastating and currently incurable conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Neuroscience research probes the mechanisms underlying such malfunctions with a view to helping in the discovery of drugs to prevent or manage these disorders. Disciplines such as cell biology, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, anatomy, psychology and other branches of the life sciences are integrated in Neuroscience in order that the brain and nervous system can be understood from a number of levels of analysis.

What sort of careers do Neuroscience graduates have?

Neuroscience graduates have the opportunity to follow many different career paths. They may choose to continue their education by pursuing a postgraduate degree programme.

Alternatively, many will obtain employment in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical or medical technology industries or in research institutes or government agencies. As trained scientists, many graduates are highly sought after by large multinational organisations and go on to careers in management, accountancy, marketing, law and publishing.

DN034 & DN008 Pharmacology

Fiona McDonnell with international student James McKenny in a Pharmacology undergraduate lab examining an automatic organ bath.

Pharmacology is the study of the nature, actions and uses of drugs. A drug is any substance that is given to humans or animals with the intention of changing the state of body functioning: to relieve pain, treat cancer, eliminate infection or improve health in any way or to investigate the functions of the body. Toxicology is another important component and is the study of the harmful effects of chemicals on living organisms. Toxic substances include certain drugs, pesticides, heavy metals, plant and microbial toxins and many organic chemicals.

What sort of careers do Pharmacology graduates have?

There are opportunities for postgraduate work in Pharmacology in UCD and there are currently 66 postgraduate students pursuing research projects in the UCD School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science or in associated laboratories. Careers in management, research and product development are available for graduates in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmacology graduates may also pursue careers in teaching and in regulatory agencies, e.g., drug information/registration.

Biological and Chemical Sciences

s

DN008 Physiology

DN008 Plant Genetic Engineering

DN008 Zoology

Taken during an x-ray exposure, this image gives an insight into how x-ray images are produced.

Image by Dr Mark Mc Entee Š 2008

Fern spore by electron microscopy (colour treated).

Image by Alfonso Blanco

Image by Dr Eamonn Gormley. Š UCD 2008.

Physiologists are interested in how the cells and organs of the body operate and how their incredible array of processes co-operate to enable our bodies to function under normal and challenging circumstances.

Physiologists are therefore at the forefront of medical research and the search for a better understanding of disease processes. At UCD physiology students first acquire a basic understanding of the components of the body and how it senses and responds to the internal and external environments.

This subject includes the study of the techniques of Plant Genetic Engineering but also places these techniques within the broader context of plant science and food safety. Students take courses in various aspects of plant molecular biology, genetics and plant ecology. Stage 4 students take specialist modules on a range of topics including plant food safety, genetically modified organisms in the environment, plant developmental biology, applied molecular biology and plant breeding.

Zoology is the study of animals, from the level of individual molecules to how populations of animals interact with their environment. Modern Zoology deals with all aspects of animals, from genetics and cell biology to ecology and animal behaviour. Zoology in UCD prides itself on maintaining a diverse curriculum allowing students to choose from a wide range of disciplines, including terrestrial, marine and freshwater biology, immunology, ecology, population genetics, developmental biology and zoonotic and other diseases.

What sort of careers do Physiology graduates have?

What sort of careers do Plant Genetic Engineering graduates have?

Physiology graduates go on to establish careers in the following areas: biomedical research in the university system or other government-run operations, pharmaceutical industry-based research and development, sales or marketing. Physiology graduates regularly gain places on postgraduate entry medicine and other allied healthcare degree courses.

In addition to further postgraduate studies, graduates from this course are ideally positioned for careers that demand a knowledge of plant genetic engineering, such as regulatory authorities, food safety laboratories, plant biotechnology companies and agencies monitoring the release of GMOs.

UCD provides opportunities for postgraduate physiological research at the master’s or doctoral level. Research into basic physiological mechanisms takes place but the research focus is on translational research, i.e., the research that enhances our understanding of human disease, which leads to advances in improvement of human health.

What sort of careers do Zoology graduates have?

Employers of Zoology graduates in Ireland include government departments, National Parks & Wildlife Services, Health Service Executive, National Museum, semi-state bodies such as ESB, BIM and the Salmon Research Trust, conservation bodies, forensic laboratories and a wide range of medical and veterinary companies. The UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science has a large group of marine researchers (www.ucd.ie/zoology/marbee) and its members teach marine biology and ecology at all levels.

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Mathematical Sciences

Image by Carlos Hernandez

Mathematical Sciences Sample path for Mathematical Sciences degree

Alumnus

The example below illustrates one of many combinations of subjects for a student interested in a BAFS degree in Actuarial and Financial Studies.

STAGE 1

STAGE 2*

STAGE 3*

STAGE 4

Computer Science 2 modules = 10 credits

Actuarial and Financial Studies 10 modules = 50 credits

Actuarial and Financial Studies** 6 modules = 55 credits

Actuarial and Financial Studies 10 modules = 60 credits

Economics 2 modules = 10 credits Mathematics 3 modules = 15 credits

2 Elective modules = 10 credits

1 Elective module = 5 credits

Total = 60 credits

Total = 60 credits

Total = 60 credits

Total = 60 credits

*Modules in Stages 2 and 3 include Accountancy, Finance, Mathematics, Information Management and Statistics. ** 1 module is worth 30 credits and entails a professional work placement.

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I’m glad I studied Mathematical Science because of my love of mathematics; its intricate structures, its powerful uses in science and finance and the elegance, inevitability and finality of a good proof.

I’m glad I studied at UCD because of the many wonderful experiences I had over my five years in fields as diverse as debating, martial arts, college radio and newspapers, the Students’ Union, charity work and the Faculty (as it was) of Science.

The course is an excellent grounding for a career in finance and in 2005 I joined Susquehanna Ireland, a cutting-edge trading firm that operates on all of the major European exchanges from its offices in Dublin. Now I run the company’s ADR strategy, which involves European stocks that are also listed on American exchanges. Monstrous sums of money flow through the markets every day, attracting the smartest and keenest people. It’s a

Statistics 3 modules = 15 credits 2 Elective modules = 10 credits

Mr Eoghan Casey Susquehanna Ireland BSc (Hons) Mathematical Science

perfect career for someone who wants to work with mathematical and statistical ideas and be well rewarded for it.

Mathematical Sciences

DN020 Actuarial & Financial Studies

DN030 Computer Science

Actuaries are typically employed in the financial services sector where their role is to understand the nature of risk and find ways to manage it.

Undergraduate Computer Science student

The BAFS (Hons) degree will prepare you for a professional career in the actuarial or financial professions, but it has also been designed to be broader and more diverse than most traditional programmes in actuarial science. It takes a combination of strong analytical skills, business knowledge and understanding of human behaviour to design and manage programmes that control risk and guarantee sufficient funds for the insurance and pension sectors. For example, the actuary works out the risk (i.e., the likelihood of an incident such as a fire happening) and calculates how much the customer should pay for insurance cover in order to ensure the insurance company has sufficient funds to pay out if the incident occurs.

The actuary calculates the premium based on the pattern and trends in the entire marketplace. To that end your degree will focus on statistics, mathematics, economics, finance, investment and related actuarial science and business subjects.

Computer Science is the investigation and exploration of the theory, practice and use of computers and computation. It covers topics that span the theory of computation, software construction, hardware design, computer operating systems and the applications of computers in the communications, scientific and commercial systems fields. There are opportunities for Stage 3 students to undertake funded research internships in the UCD School of Computer Science & Informatics.

What sort of careers do Actuarial and Financial Studies graduates have?

BAFS graduates hold a degree with exceptionally good career prospects in the financial services industry and they are highly sought after by employers. Most of these take positions as actuarial trainees in the life, pensions, health or general insurance industry.

Although many pursue careers as an actuary, a significant number of graduates have established good careers in banking, economics, management consultancy, accountancy, computer science and statistics.

during a programming competition.

What sort of careers do Computer Science graduates have?

Career opportunities available to Computer Science graduates include software programmer, software engineer, database engineer, web developer, network engineer, digital circuit designer, systems analyst and computer consultant. Many graduates also go on to careers that ‘use’ computing, rather than ‘are’ computing. Examples of this include positions in financial services, the film industry, video game development and the automobile and aeronautics industries.

s

Alumna Ms Gillian O’Connor - Product Development Actuary with New Ireland/Bank of Ireland Life BAFS, FSAI/FIA I am a Product Development Actuary at New Ireland/Bank of Ireland Life, one of the leading Life and Pensions providers in Ireland. My role involves designing and pricing new products for the company, across the full product range of life assurance, pensions and investments. This involves market research, feasibility studies, pricing and project management of the overall delivery. In addition, I provide analysis, interpretation, advice and guidance to the company on technically complex issues. My years at UCD gave me a strong background in both the technical actuarial framework and the more general business applications of economic and financial concepts that are essential to my role.

Alumna

Ms Órlaith Burke BSc (Hons) Mathematical Science I graduated with a first class honours degree in 2006 and am now studying for a PhD in Statistics.

I really enjoyed my four years as an undergraduate in UCD. I chose to do a BSc in Mathematical Science. The wide range of courses available through this degree programme appealed to me. I took courses in many subjects including Chemistry, Computer Science, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics and Statistics.

I could then specialise in the areas I most enjoyed as I progressed through the degree. I am currently studying for a PhD in Statistics in the School of Mathematical Sciences in UCD. My area of research is Time Series Analysis, which is used in the modelling of datasets measured over time such as stock prices, and economic and environmental variables.

SCIENCE AT UCD | 11

Mathematical Sciences

Alumnus Dr. Kenneth Doherty, Numerical Modelling Engineer & Marine Energy Researcher, Aquamarine Power Ltd. BSc (Hons) Maths Physics, PhD I specialised in both Experimental Physics and Applied Mathematics in UCD. I found these subjects both challenging and rewarding, the source of which stemmed from the excellent courses and academic staff at UCD. I studied Fluid Mechanics which is a major discipline in the field of Applied Mathematics.

DN008 Applied & Computational Mathematics

DN032 & DN008 Mathematical Science

Fluid mechanics was developed in the 19th century

Distribution of micro-organisms in a fluid flow.

Aggregation of chemotactic particles (e.g. representing bacteria) that swim in the direction of increasing nutrient concentration in a chaotically moving fluid medium. (Numerical simulation).

Image by Zoltan Neufeld

but finds applications today in everything from astrophysics and Formula One to traffic control

I feel very fortunate now to be working at the heart of the pioneering industry that is Marine Renewable Energy. My job description within Aquamarine Power encompasses a wide variety of skills.

These include ocean dynamic research, and hydrodynamic research of fluid structure interactions and of wave and tidal energy devices.

on the M50.

The mathematical and computational skills I need for this job were acquired during my academic career in UCD. By studying Applied Mathematics I am well equipped for the job as I have developed the fundamental mathematical and computational skills necessary to achieve my goals. After all, mathematics has the ability to explain everything.

Outside the traditional spheres of science and engineering, mathematical modelling and simulation techniques are increasingly used in the social sciences, communication, business and finance. The UCD programme in Applied & Computational Mathematics trains you in essential aspects of modern analysis – mathematical and computational – preparing you to understand and then solve critical problems in a wide range of application areas.

Today's challenges faced by science and engineering are so complex that they can only be analyzed and solved through mathematical and computational modelling. Mathematical models create representations of complex realworld phenomena in a precise quantitative way.

What sort of careers do Applied and Computational Mathematics graduates have?

“The mathematical and computational skills I need for this job were acquired during my academic career in UCD.”

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A wide variety of career opportunities are open to people with mathematical and computational skills and training. Applied and computational mathematics is utilised in almost every branch of science, engineering, industry, technology, business and finance.

People with training in applied and computational mathematics work in fields as diverse as physics, biology, finance, pharmaceuticals, environment, communications, and computing throughout business, technology, research and academia.

The degree in Mathematical Science covering all areas of Mathematics and Statistics was set up in response to the growing demands from industry, commerce, science and technology for staff trained in mathematical, analytical thinking.

In an increasing number of these areas, Mathematics is the only effective language for the analysis of problems and communication of results and ideas. You will learn the fundamental principles, methods and techniques from pure and applied mathematics, mathematical physics, statistics and actuarial science; how to analyse and solve problems of a quantitative nature and to communicate the results clearly; and, to model mathematically a variety of real-world problems.

What sort of careers do Mathematical Science graduates have?

At present there is a high demand for Mathematical Science graduates and postgraduates in financial and banking sectors, software design, meteorology, pharmaceutical research, government statistics, agricultural and veterinary research, healthcare, mathematical and statistical modelling, education and the civil service.

Mathematical Sciences

DN008 Mathematics

s

DN008 Statistics

Victor Bible Mathematics

This is an image of a fractal, a beautiful and very complex object described by a very simple equation. While often seen in art, applications are now found in medicine and seismology.

Statistics deals with the collection, analysis and interpretation of numerical data.

Mathematics is a basic tool in all scientific subjects: economics, engineering, geography, computer science, banking business, statistics, social science and in many other fields. In the past 100 years the growth of Mathematics has been spectacular, stimulated not only by the needs of science, technology and commerce, but also by the intellectual challenges provided by the discipline itself.

The subject possesses a very large collection of problems – many still unresolved – the investigation of which requires great challenge and ingenuity.

Statistics is an important tool used by researchers in actuarial science, agriculture, biotechnology, computer science, ecology, economics, marketing, mathematics, medicine, psychology and social science.

Statisticians also develop mathematical models for uncertainty and investigate their properties and applicability. The power of modern computing has had a major impact on both the development and usefulness of statistical methods.

What sort of careers do Mathematics graduates have?

Each year sees new applications of sophisticated mathematical models and procedures, using computers, in insurance and actuarial services, the stock market, banking and industry. Employers in all of these areas seek Mathematics graduates.

Our recent graduates have found work in diverse areas including actuarial science, banking and financial services, civil service executive and administrative grades, coding and cryptography, the computer industry, market surveying, mathematical modelling, meteorology, operations research, statistics and teaching.

What sort of careers do Statistics graduates have?

Statisticians find job opportunities in many diverse areas of society. Pharmaceutical companies employ many statisticians and the whole area of industrial quality control provides many opportunities for those qualified in statistics. Statisticians are also needed for research in marketing, medicine, agriculture and veterinary medicine. Insurance companies often hire statistics graduates, and in particular a lot of the training of an actuary is based on statistical methodology.

At school maths and physics were my favourite subjects and I knew I wanted to pursue them further. Instead of choosing between a Mathematics, Physics or Theoretical Physics degree, I opted for Omnibus Science at UCD because this course gave me the most choice. It allowed me to explore the subjects at a university level and then later make up my mind regarding what to do a degree in. Over time I've opted for pure mathematics but I've learned plenty about other areas, including physics and computer science.

This year I'm the Public Relations Officer for the Mathematical Society. This has kept me busy and I've learned all about the running of a society and how events take place. I've also gone on a few weekends away and encountered some of Ireland's other Mathsocs.

After I graduate I hope to do a Masters in mathematics and I'll decide where to go from there. Who knows? Maybe I could end up alongside one of the great Irish mathematicians like Stokes, Balk or even Hamilton!

“I opted for Omnibus Science at UCD because this course gave me the most choice.”

SCIENCE AT UCD | 13

Physical Sciences

Neutrons carry a magnetic moment but no charge and hence are unique probes to study magnetism in matter. The image shows predicted and measured intensities of a scattered neutron beam in the magnetic crystal CsCoBr3. Image by Hans-Benjamin Braun

Physical Sciences Sample path for Physical Sciences degree

Alumnus

The example below illustrates one of many combinations of subjects for a student interested in a BSc degree in Physics.

STAGE 1 Physics 3 modules = 15 credits

STAGE 2 Physics 5 modules = 25 credits

Mathematics 3 modules = 15 credits

4 Geology modules = 20 credits

2 Geology modules = 10 credits

1 Optional Science module = 5 credits

STAGE 3 Physics 7 modules = 50 credits

STAGE 4 Physics 9 modules = 60 credits

I currently reside and work in Silicon Valley, California, as President and CEO of a venture capital-backed solar energy company called Innovalight. In 1989 I finished my degree at UCD and moved to Japan with NEC Corporation, at their central research laboratories in Kawasaki. I was with a team of engineers working on novel optoelectronics for high-speed telecommunications.

In 1996, I was transferred by Lucent to Munich, Germany, as director of marketing for Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Upon returning to the US, I ran a $400 million dollar Lucent division in Pennsylvania.

2 Optional Science modules = 10 credits 2 Elective modules = 10 credits

2 Elective modules = 10 credits

2 Elective modules = 10 credits

Total = 60 credits

Total = 60 credits

Total = 60 credits

Total = 60 credits

Potential combinations shown here are examples only and are not guaranteed by UCD. Some modules at Stages 3 and 4 are worth more than 5 credits.

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Mr Conrad Burke President & CEO of Innovalight BSc (Hons) Physics (UCD), MSc (TCD)

Eventually getting the startup bug, I joined an early stage technology company in San Diego, California, which later resulted in me joining our financier, venture capital firm, Sevin Rosen Funds. I jumped back into the startup world with the formation of Innovalight as a solar company in 2005 and have raised over $40 million in venture capital funding since.

I really enjoyed being at UCD and am very proud of being able to say I was part of the class of Physics of 1989.

Physical Sciences

s

DN093 Archaeology & Geology

DN038 & DN008 Climate & Earth System Science

DN008 Geology

Undergraduate students drawing a medieval church wall. Credit: UCD School of Archaeology

Front approaching Ireland and snow over the Alps (Eumestat RGB composite image).

Geology students on a field class on the Isle of Portland, southern England.

Students who are interested in the application of geological and other scientific approaches to solving archaeological problems will find this an exciting and challenging joint degree option, unique in Ireland. Archaeology is the study of the extraordinary diversity of human experience and long-term human culture, through the material remains left by ancient societies and individuals, and evidence of their past environments. Geology is the study of the Earth: its composition and the processes that shape its surface and interior, for example global warming, earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides. Archaeology and Geology have in common the aims of understanding past life, dating and interpreting past events, investigating natural materials of interest to people, and exploring the relationship between culture and the natural world.

Climate change is the greatest environmental challenge facing us today. The climate involves not just the atmosphere and oceans, but also the entire Earth system, including polar icecaps, the biosphere and processes deep beneath the Earth’s surface. This new interdisciplinary degree programme focuses on the Earth and our climate systems, providing a thorough understanding of the nature, controls and dynamics of the interacting physical and geological processes. The degree emphasises fundamental mathematical theory, computational methods and applications in the Earth and atmospheric sciences and will provide students with a comprehensive introduction to the entire area of climate and of the solid earth and fluid systems that contribute to it. The programme will include core modules in applied and computational mathematics, geological sciences and atmospheric, ocean and climate science.

Geology is the study of the Earth. It is concerned with the nature and origin of materials that make up the Earth and impacts profoundly on many aspects of life and society. It explores the processes that shape the surface of our planet and are active beneath it (for example global warming, earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides).

Geology seeks to answer fundamental questions regarding the structure and age of the Earth, how it has evolved, its processes and the history of life. The programme aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of all the major aspects of geology along with sound academic training in independent observational and interpretational skills. Fieldwork is an important part of geological training and many of our modules involve field classes.

What sort of careers do Climate and Earth System Science graduates have?

Graduates are employed in organisations ranging from government agencies to petroleum and mineral exploration companies in Ireland and abroad. Graduates work as geological surveyors, exploration geologists in the petroleum and mining industries, mine geologists, hydrogeologists, oceanographers, geochemists, environmental consultants, and engineering and structural geologists.

What sort of careers do Archaeology and Geology graduates have?

In recent years, archaeology has become an increasingly commercial field in Europe, particularly in Ireland, with many archaeological companies being formed. The heritage sector and cultural tourism are also growing; all these industries require crossover knowledge between natural science, cultural conservation and interpretation. Sciencebased archaeology skills are in great demand in Ireland and abroad. The unique mix of transferable academic and practical, humanities and science skills should be extremely beneficial for many other careers.

Graduates can pursue a wide range of careers in national meteorological and environmental agencies such as Met Éireann, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Marine Institute, as well as in the private sector. Research opportunities include MSc and PhD programmes in meteorology and climate in UCD and other universities and specialised research institutions.

What sort of careers do Geology graduates have?

SCIENCE AT UCD | 15

Physical Sciences

DN008 Physics

DN033 & DN008 Physics with Astronomy & Space Science

DN031 & DN008 Theoretical Physics

Cathy Keenan, Fiona Nolan and Riona Tully measure the resistivity of metal alloy in an undergraduate Physics lab.

Professor David Southwood, Director of the European Space Agency Science Programme, meeting some of the Stage I Physics with Astronomy & Space Science students on the School of Physics roof, in front of the student radio telescope.

Chiral objects such as seashells, DNA and even elementary particles such as neutrini are ubiquitous in nature, yet the origin of such chirality continues to puzzle scientists. Now physicists have revealed a mechanism that explains the origin of chirality in magnets. Image by Hans-Benjamin Braun

Physics is about the fundamental laws of the universe that govern living as well as non-living systems. It is a fundamental science involving a deep understanding of nature derived from mathematical and experimental insights. Advanced lecture modules cover core areas of Physics such as quantum mechanics, nuclear physics, elementary particle physics, condensed matter physics and general relativity, and also include electives in areas such as astrophysics, applied optics, biophysics, environmental physics and medical physics.

This is primarily a Physics degree programme, with an emphasis on the applications of Physics in Astrophysics and Space Science. You will gain an understanding of how ground-based and space-based technologies are used to explore the universe and how modern science can be used to understand it. The course contains modules in Physics, Mathematics, Astronomy and Space Science. Advanced topics include stellar and planetary formation and evolution, black holes, galaxies and cosmology. Related modules on relativity, elementary particle physics, nuclear physics and quantum mechanics provide a rigorous foundation in the science underpinning astronomy and astrophysics.

Theoretical Physics aims to provide a unified description of the fundamental laws of nature. These laws govern the behaviour of all physical objects in the universe. This degree provides an introduction to all the major areas of Theoretical Physics including relativity theory, quantum mechanics, atomic physics, nuclear physics and computational physics. Advanced topics include: general relativity, electromagnetic theory, quantum gravity, quantum field theory, statistical mechanics, theoretical astrophysics, fluid mechanics, high energy physics and condensed matter physics.

What sort of careers do Physics graduates have?

Recent Physics graduates have pursued careers in industry (electronics, computers, telecommunications), hospitals (medical imaging, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy), government and semi-state services, national laboratories, banking, finance, insurance and academic research. Related fields in which physicists find employment include geophysics, chemical physics, biophysics, computer science and materials science and the energy sector.

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What sort of careers do Physics with Astronomy and Space Science graduates have?

A wide range of careers is open to Physics graduates, including R&D in high-tech industries, software development, teaching, banking and finance, management consultancy, meteorology and medical physics. The degree also prepares students for careers within the space industry (e.g., NASA and ESA). Graduates will be extremely well prepared to pursue further study at MSc level, or research at PhD level, in Ireland and abroad.

What sort of careers do Theoretical Physics graduates have?

The course provides an excellent training in problem-solving and computing skills that can be applied in a wide variety of careers in industry, business, government and university. Research opportunities are available to Theoretical Physics graduates in UCD and in other universities. Theoretical Physics graduates may also pursue careers in meteorology, software development, stock market analysis, environmental analysis, internet/network consultancy, financial risk analysis and second- and thirdlevel education.

Careers in Science

Flow cytometry is used to analyse cells in suspension. In this image you can see a blood sample analysed by this powerful tool. Image by Alfonso Blanco

Careers in Science Types of Careers and Salaries The diversity of careers available to UCD Science graduates is very varied. Depending on the subject you specialise in you will learn practical skills in laboratory procedures and running equipment or in programming, database management and networking.

All our Science graduates are skilled at analysing data, writing reports, solving problems and are trained to use their own initiative – all

TABLE 3: Salary Survey 2009 Job Title Science and Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemist (1-3 years’ experience) Analytical Chemist (3+ years’ experience) Microbiology Analyst (1-3 years’ experience) Microbiology Analyst (3+ years’ experience) Environmental Officer QA/QC Supervisor Quality Manager Director of Quality Clinical Research Officer Clinical Operations Manager

Dublin € 30,000 – 44,000 42,000 – 55,000 25,000 – 35,000 34,000 – 46,000 27,000 – 38,000 42,000 – 58,000 55,000 – 75,000 90,000 – 120,000 35,000 – 50,000 60,000 – 80,000

Information Technology Software Test/QA Engineer Database Administrator (Oracle/SQL Server/Sybase) Multimedia/Graphical/Web Designer Project Manager

25,000 35,000 22,000 45,000

Banking and Insurance Business Analyst Pensions Actuary (Part-Qualified) Banking (graduate entry)

48,000 – 70,000 50,000 – 70,000 25,000 – 28,000

– – – –

45,000 70,000 45,000 75,000

This survey was provided by Brightwater and the complete survey is available at www.brightwater.ie

qualities that companies are looking for in employees. These skills can be transferred to businesses from biotechnology, conservation and wildlife to business, finance and forensics.

Many Science graduates take entry level positions in the pharmaceutical, information technology and banking sectors. After building up their skills and work experience graduates can then progress to more senior levels within the same company or move to a different company.

Table 3 illustrates the salaries for some of the positions available for Science graduates. It shows how salaries increase with an increase in work experience. For example, a Microbiology Analyst with one to three years’ experience could earn €25,000 – €35,000 and with three years’ plus experience could earn €34,000 – €46,000.

This survey also indicates how a Science graduate can progress through their career within a company. For example, a Chemistry graduate with one to three years of experience could start out as an Analytical Chemist earning between €30,000 – €44,000 and with experience and promotion could potentially become a Quality Manager on €55,000 – €75,000 or even a Director of Quality on a salary of €90,000 – €120,000.

Graduate Study Opportunities Many of our UCD Science graduates continue their studies to masters or doctoral degree level. Leading UCD Institutes and Research Centres include the CSCB (Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology), the UCD Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research and UCD CASL (Complex & Adaptive Systems Laboratory). In addition, UCD is also home to NovaUCD, the Innovation and Technology Transfer Centre. Notable successes include the development and licensing of a BSE test, which to date has generated €2 million in royalty income for UCD, and the establishment of a range of spin-off companies including Celtic Catalysts and ChangingWorlds.

SCIENCE AT UCD | 17

Careers in Science

Working in Science Biotechnology

Research

Dr Sheila Willis Director of Forensic Laboratory BSc (Hons) Chemistry, PhD Chemistry

Dr Valerie Cullen Senior Scientist for Link Medicine BSc (Hons) Pharmacology, PhD Pharmacology

Dr Simon Plunkett Astrophysicist BSc (Hons) Physics, PhD Physics

I can trace my interest in science to my father’s influence and encouragement from particular teachers. UCD was a very positive exciting experience for me and although I flirted with botany for a while, Chemistry was my main interest. I was fascinated by my first exposure to organometallic Chemistry at the Youth Science fortnight in London. I later carried out research in this area with Professor A.R. Manning and left UCD with a PhD in 1977 and a very keen interest in mountaineering!

After two years as Chief Chemist in Clondalkin Paper Mills, I joined the fledgling Forensic Science Laboratory where I have been privileged to progress to the Director post I now hold. Initially the wide range of analytical techniques in the laboratory attracted me but I now realise that the mix of science to real life applications with tangible outcomes suits my skills. I also enjoy the professional company of like-minded people.

My career has paralleled significant developments in forensic science, which has resulted in a continuous learning experience for me. This has satisfied the interest in knowledge that first attracted me to a career in science.

I really feel I got an excellent education in the Bachelor of Science programme in UCD. I studied Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Chemistry in my second year, and specialised in Pharmacology for my two remaining years.

We had a great balance of practical work and formal lectures, and the staff were great teachers. I really loved it, and it was a natural decision for me to stay on and conduct my graduate studies, also in Pharmacology (specifically on the pulmonary system). I took some time off from research after my PhD to do clinical biochemistry in a large hospital lab, and then I moved to London’s Institute of Psychiatry to conduct two years of postdoctoral research on neurodegenerative diseases. I continued this theme with my second postdoctoral fellowship in Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, USA, where I specialised in Parkinson’s disease. After four years at Harvard, I am now a Senior Scientist at a small biotech company in Boston called Link Medicine. We are investigating a drug candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, and evaluating its potential use in other indications also. My day-to-day job involves cell modelling, assay development, literature reviews and liaison with outside parties and collaborators.

My UCD education gave me a solid foundation in physics and related sciences that has served me very well in my career.

UCD also taught me the critical thinking and analysis skills that are even more important than pure academic knowledge.

One of the best things about studying Physics at UCD was the close interaction between students and lecturers. Help was always available, and lively discussions were encouraged. I chose to stay at UCD after graduation to do a PhD degree in Physics. Following my time at UCD, I spent three years at the University of Birmingham in England as a postdoctoral researcher. From there, I moved to the United States to work at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC, where I have remained since 1997. I now carry out research in solar astrophysics and ‘space weather’ (the practical impacts of the Sun on human activities in space), using experiments on spacecraft and numerical models that I have helped to develop. I never imagined that I would end up doing this when I first entered UCD, but it’s been a great ride so far!

Image courtesy of NASA.

Forensic Science

18 | SCIENCE AT UCD

Careers in Science

Management

Information Technology

Conservation

Mr Micéal Whelan Project Manager, Communications BSc (Hons) Geology, MSc, MBA

Mr Dan Lynch Technical Consultant for FINEOS BSc (Hons) Computer Science, MSc

Dr Catherine O’Connell Chief Executive with Irish Peatland Conservation Council BSc (Hons) Botany & Zoology, PhD

I thoroughly enjoyed studying Geology at UCD. The enthusiasm of the lecturers was contagious and the practicals and field trips were always great fun. On graduating I completed an MSc in Petroleum Geology at Aberdeen University. I then joined Shell as a Petroleum Geologist.

During my 10-year career, which included a period working on drilling locations, I was a member of multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural teams charged with the exploration and development of hydrocarbon fields both offshore and onshore. My last role in Shell headquarters was as part of a consultancy group whose objective was to provide global Shell companies with strategic solutions to their complex technical, operational and investment problems.

I returned to Ireland in 2000 and completed an MBA in UCD’s Michael Smurfit Graduate School of Business. I then joined NovaUCD, the Innovation and Technology Transfer Centre at UCD. At NovaUCD I am responsible for the development, management and execution of NovaUCD’s internal and external communication strategies.

Studying in UCD instilled in me a sense of pride in my work. The UCD School of Computer Science and Informatics has transitioned from a small fledgling department to become a major centre for research in its field. With this drive and ambition in the academic staff, I could not help but be inspired in my studies.

Upon completion of my primary degree I undertook a Masters by research in Computer Science, which allowed me to explore my main area of interest, Information Retrieval for mobile users. My college experience, both on an academic and social level, has provided me with a wealth of skills.

I now work in the software industry as a Technical Consultant for FINEOS, who are a provider of banking and insurance software.

I work mainly using the Java programming language but am also required to be proficient in SQL Server, DB2 and Oracle. In my current role I am required to travel extensively to customer sites, where I represent my company, and the technical and interpersonal skills acquired over the course of my studies have proved invaluable in my career.

I graduated from UCD with a science degree specialising in Botany and Zoology. I followed this with a PhD study focusing on peatlands. During my time at college the Irish Peatland Conservation Council (IPCC) was set up due to concern among academics and government agencies about the destruction of peatland habitats without any conservation plan in place. As a postgraduate an opportunity arose for me to join the Committee of Management of this campaigning organisation.

For many years with the organisation my initial focus was on education as I had followed my primary degree with the Higher Diploma in Education. I published over 30 educational resources focusing on peatlands, which have become recognised by the Department of Education and Science and are widely used in primary and post primary schools education programmes. In 2004, I was promoted to Chief Executive with the IPCC and my role has been to establish a centre of excellence in peatland education, research and conservation at the Bog of Allen Nature Centre in County Kildare. I believe that a degree in Science is a wonderful foundation for any further work in nature conservation, management, environmental education and campaigning.

SCIENCE AT UCD | 19

Science at UCD

Teaching

Marine Research

Hospitals and Clinics

Ms Fiona McKeever Chemistry teacher (St Bede’s Catholic Grammar School, Bradford, BD9 4BQ) BSc (Hons) Chemistry, PGCE

Dr Kenneth Whelan Director, Marine Institute, Aquaculture and Catchment Management Services BSc Zoology, PhD

Dr Claire Moran Clinical Embryologist BSc (Hons) Pharmacology, PhD Pharmacology

Studying Chemistry in UCD provided me with a great general understanding of science and an in-depth view of Chemistry.

After completing my degree I was unsure of what direction to take, but after consultation with UCD’s careers service I was advised to try substitute teaching and I haven’t looked back.

Through this experience I found I have the ability to engage and enthuse the students using the wonders of science. I applied to Leeds University to complete a PGCE (post graduate certificate in education), the English equivalent of the HDIP/PGDE, which is accepted in many countries around the world, through the GTTR (graduate teacher training registry) online.The selection process involved a written exam and an interview with the course leader. The course involved some time based at university improving my academic knowledge of teaching and teaching skills, along with refreshing my subject expertise.

When I wasn’t at university I was on one of two secondary school placements or the short primary placement. The primary placement is designed to enable you as a teacher to understand the level of attainment of students as they arrive at secondary school. Unlike the traditional view of there being difficulties obtaining a job in education I found it relatively easy as science teachers are always in demand. Teaching as a career choice has changed a lot since I’ve been in the classroom and there are many different opportunities available both in or out of the classroom.

Dr Kenneth Whelan studied Zoology in University College Dublin in the early 70s. He joined the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated in 1975 and served with the IFT from 1975 to 1980. During this time he completed, through UCD, a PhD study on the biology of Irish ephemeroptera (mayflies). This research included the development of novel techniques for the restocking of these important insects.

He also carried out, on behalf of Bord na Móna (the Irish Peat Board), a major environmental impact assessment on the impact of peat bog development on freshwater ecosystems in the midlands and west of Ireland. He worked for the Central Fisheries Board from 1980 to 1989, where he acted as principal adviser to the Board on salmon and sea trout stocks. His work included detailed assessments of a wide range of salmonid habitats and the compilation of policy documents on the management of salmon and sea trout stocks.

He was appointed Director and CEO of the Salmon Research Agency in 1989 and served in that capacity until his appointment, in July of 1999, as an Executive Director of the Marine Institute. In this capacity he acts as adviser to the Ministers and Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food on all matters relating to salmon and eel stocks.

After my degree in Pharmacology I did a PhD in Developmental Biology in Dr Carmel Hensey’s lab in the Conway Institute. My first introduction to developmental biology was during my undergraduate 4th year project.

This project, and subsequently my thesis, was based on the development of the embryo from the time of fertilisation. The embryos we studied were from the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Studies on these frog embryos have provided us with much of what we know about human embryo development today.

After my PhD I was employed by a fertility clinic in Kilkenny and I am currently training as a clinical embryologist in their IVF laboratory. A typical day’s work involves egg collections, inseminating eggs, culturing embryos, freezing embryos and embryo transfers. It’s a fascinating job as you get to create human embryos every day and make people’s dreams come true. It is a highly rewarding career and every day presents a new challenge. As an embryologist you are part of a medical team which includes fertility consultants, doctors and fertility nurse specialists. Embryologists are closely involved in the diagnosis of a patient’s fertility problems and at each step of a patient’s treatment.

20 | SCIENCE AT UCD

CONTACT DETAILS UCD Science Programme Office, Room 128, Science Centre – Hub, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4.

Tel: (01) 716 2375 Fax: (01) 716 2439 E-mail: science@ucd.ie Website: www.ucd.ie/science

This booklet (Version 4 2010) is intended to assist prospective UCD students and the information is given in good faith. It is not, however, an official publication of the university and does not bind the university in any way. The information provided in this booklet is correct at the time of going to press but degree programmes are subject to continuing development and the university reserves the right to make changes at any time, before or after a student’s admission.