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towards livable cities

The transition of civil unrest towards armed conflicts in the contemporary world has causes one 1,$:1,+$14$32+$41''1V%#/b$32+$+:+,/+#&+$14$#"3%1#"'%):$"#.$32+$01'%3%&"'$'+/"&%+)$14$&1'1#%"\ lism and the Cold War; unresolved cultural, religious, or ethnic conflict; the enduring presence 14$%''+/%3%:"3+H$&1,,(03H$"(321,%3",%"#$1,$,+0,+))%*+$,+/%:+)$"#.H$:1)3$%:01,3"#3'LH$0+,)%)3+#3$ %#+[("'%3%+)$1*+,$"&&+))$31$&,%3%&"'$,+)1(,&+)$hM+.+,)+#H$6!!6i>$W3$%)$"$/'1-"'$02+#1:+#1#H$"#.$ since the WWII more than 140 armed conflicts have changed lives of hundreds of thousands of people (Volume, 2010). Conflicts set in motion processes as: migration and human displace\ :+#3H$.+)3,(&3%1#$14$32+$+#*%,1#:+#3H$32+$-,+"<.1V#$14$32+$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#)H$4":%'L$'1))$"#.$ .%),(03%1#$14$."%'L$ '%4+H$ '"&<$ 14$ )2+'3+,$ "#.$ 411.$)21,3"/+)H$ 32+$ .%):"#3'%#/$ 14$ -")%&$ )+,*%&+)$ "#.$.+)3,(&3%1#$14$32+$'1&"'$%#4,")3,(&3(,+$"''$&1#3,%-(3+$31$+Q3,+:+$41,:)$14$)(44+,%#/$"#.$.%)"\ -%'%3L$hM+.+,)+#H$6!!6i>$X#&+$32+$&%*%'$)3,(//'+$%)$1*+,H$"$0+,%1.$14$,+-(%'.%#/H$,+&1#)3,(&3%1#H$ ,+&1#&%'%"3%1#$"#.$,+#+V+.$,+)%'%+#&+$)3",3)$hG(,%H$6!7Bi>$92%)$%)$"$&,%3%&"'$0+,%1.$.(+$31$32+$4"&3$ that in 44% of all post-conflict areas war restarts in the first 5 years (World bank, 2004), and in even more than half of the situations in the first 10 years (Collier et al., 2003). In the transition 31V",.)$"$2+"'32L$&1(#3,LH$32+$%#3+,#"3%1#"'$&1::(#%3L$0'"L)$:1,+$"#.$:1,+$"#$%:01,3"#3$,1'+$ due to the relocation of the conflicts towards the global south. Main focus of organizations can -+$.%*%.+.$%#31$0+"&+-(%'.%#/H$+:+,/+#&L$2+'0$"#.$'1#/\3+,:$.+*+'10:+#3$hg(##+$N$;+,<1\ ,+#H$6!!BiH$"#.$%#$32+$+#.H$",+$"%:+.$"3$0,+*+#3%#/$4(3(,+$*%1'+#&+H$)"3%)4L$-")%&$2(:"#$#++.)$ "#.$&,+"3+$)3,(&3(,+)$32"3$0,1:13+$'1#/\3+,:$)()3"%#"-'+$/,1V32$"#.$)1&%"'$)3"-%'%3L>$92+$)%\ 3("3%1#)$ %#$ 32+)+$ &1(#3,%+)$ ",+$ %#$ #++.$ 14$ )0+&%"'$ "33+#3%1#$ V2+#$ %3$ &1:+)$ 31$ .+*+'10:+#3$ )3,"3+/%+)>$I)("'$.+*+'10:+#3$)3,"3+/%+)$h:",<+3$1,%+#3"3%1#H$'%-+,"'%e"3%1#H$0,%*"3%e"3%1#H$+3&>i$ &"##13$Y()3$-+$%:0'+:+#3+.$V%32$32+$&1#.%3%1#)$321)+$&1(#3,%+)$",+$+:+,/%#/$4,1:>$W#$/+#+\ ral, focus has been largely on restoring economy, post-conflict humanitarian help, rebuilding .+3+,%1,"3+.$(,-"#$",+")$"#.$)(001,3%#/$32+$,+#+V+.$/1*+,#:+#3)>$R+V+,$"33+#3%1#$2")$-++#$ /%*+#$31$32+$0,1&+))+)$32"3$"&&1:0"#L$"$0+,%1.$14$%#)3"-%'%3LH$%#$(,-"#$3+,:)b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

7B

HFG'<.3/6*2'%(0(*2*1(

Figure 6: Wars of the World since 1945 ;1'(:+$$F"/"e%#+$6Ab$5,&2%3+&3(,+$14$M+"&+H$ K+&+:-+,$78H$$6!7!

78

HFG'<.3/6*2'%(0(*2*1(

Figure 7: Casulties in was ,+)1(,&2b$VVV>1#+V1,'.%#."3">1,/

Post-conflict circumstances The topic of post-conflict development and processes is a complex 1#+>$ W3$ %#*1'*+)b$ ,+)31,%#/$ 32+$ /1*+,#"#&+$ )L)3+:$ 1,$ +*+#$ -(%'.$ one from scratch, the influence and support of the international &1::(#%3LH$ ,+&1#)3,(&3%1#$ 14$ 32+$ -(%'.$ +#*%,1#:+#3$ "#.$ 0,1*%\ .%#/$ )2+'3+,H$ +#)(,%#/$ "3$ '+")3$ -")%&$ #++.)$ 41,$ ,+3(,#%#/$ ,+4(/++)$ "#.$32+$1#+)$32"3$)3"L+.$-+2%#.H$,+&1#&%'%"3%1#$14$32+$)1&%+3LH$32+$ 2%/2$ ,%)<$ 14$ &1,,(03%1#$ V%32$ )(..+#'L$ #+V$ 01V+,)H$ ,+)31,%#/$ 32+$ +&1#1:L$ "#.$ +:0'1L:+#3$ 1001,3(#%3%+)H$ "#.$ 32+$ )1&%+3"'$ %))(+)$ 41,:+.$32,1(/2$L+",)$14$+32#%&$"#.$#"3%1#"'%)3%&$&'")2+)>$a1#+32+\ less, even if actual open warfare has come to an end, post-conflict .+*+'10:+#3$%)$)3%''$.+"'%#/$V%32$2%/2$,%)<)$14$,+3(,#%#/$1,$&2"#/+$ 14$*%1'+#&+$"#.$(#,+)3$hg(##+$N$;+,<1,+#H$6!!Bi>$K%44+,+#3$1,/"#%\ e"3%1#)$2"*+$2".$"$*",%+3L$14$,+")1#)$31$/%*+$'%33'+$"33+#3%1#$31$32+$ problem of post-conflict development. For example, as mentioned

by Gert Junne, â&#x20AC;&#x153;organizations that specialize in conflict prevention and conflict resolution have seen their hopes shattered by war and may find it too early to work with a highly-traumatized population. _(:"#%3",%"#$1,/"#%e"3%1#)$,()2$%#$-(3$",+$#+%32+,$%#3+,+)3+.$%#$32+$ causes of the conflict nor in long-term development. Development organizations see these situations as an exception and may find the )%3("3%1#$311$(#)3"-'+$31$,+)(:+$32+%,$V1,<k>

of conflict but it does not mean that it is sufficient to address the 0,1-'+:$hP1''%+,$+3$"'>H$6!!@i>$K+*+'10:+#3$)3,"3+/%+)$)21('.$'11<$ different in countries facing a high risk of conflict and have uni\ [(+$-"&</,1(#.)>$W#$"..%3%1#H$132+,$1,$+Q3,"$01'%&%+)$"#.$:+")(,+)$ 2"*+$ 31$ -+$ 3"<+#$ V2%&2$ ",+$ #1,:"''L$ #13$ 0",3$ 14$ "$ .+*+'10:+#3$ )3,"3+/L>$ M1'%&%+)$ %#*1'*%#/$ 32+$ #+V$ &1\V1,<%#/$ )L)3+:$ -+3V++#$ '1&"'$"#.$%#3+,#"3%1#"'$1,/"#%e"3%1#)$"#.$32+$.+)%/#$14$01'%3%&"'$%#\ )3%3(3%1#)$hP1''%+,$+3$"'>H$6!!@i>$ K+*+'10:+#3$ %)$ :1,+$ 32"#$ Y()3$ '11<%#/$ "3$ +&1#1:%&$ /,1V32H$ .+\ *+'10:+#3$%)$"-1(3$%#&,+")%#/$"#.$%:0,1*%#/$)3"#.",.$'%*%#/$"#.$ [("'%3L$ 14$ '%4+$ 14$ "''$ 0+10'+$ %#$ .+*+'10%#/$ &1(#3,%+)>$ G(&2$ .+*+\ '10:+#3$%#&'(.+$%:0,1*+:+#3)$14$2+"'32H$+.(&"3%1#H$+#*%,1#:+#3H$ 01'%3%&"'$0",3%&%0"3%1#H$/+#+,"'$V+''\-+%#/H$+[("'%3L$"#.$)1&%"'$Y()3%\ &+$hg(##+$N$;+,<1,+#H$6!!Bi>$

Post-conflict development is highly related to the planning situa\ 3%1#$14$32+$)3"3+$1,$",+">$92+$(#%[(+$)%3("3%1#$%#$32+$&1(#3,L$V2%&2$ demands a tailor-made approach to planning, makes it difficult for "$ ,+".L$ 31$ ()+$ "00,1"&2$ 31$ 0'"##%#/$ %#$ &1(#3,%+)$ +:+,/%#/$ 4,1:$ conflict (Suri, 2015). Until now, planning in the aftermath of a con\ flict does not work the way it should. A range of circumstances are causing difficulties in order to create a solid base for the planning K+*+'10:+#3$)3,"3+/%+)$/+#+,"''L$()+.$%#$"#L$&1(#3,L$",+$%#*1'*%#/$ %#)3%3(3+)b$ 32+$ &1#3+Q3H$ %3`)$ (#0,+.%&3"-%'%3LH$ 32+$ *"&((:$ 14$ /1*+,\ :",<+3$ 1,%+#3"3%1#H$ '%-+,"'%e"3%1#H$ 0,%*"3%e"3%1#H$ V2%&2$ ",+$ )+'.1:$ #"#&+H$32+$-,+"<.1V#$14$%#)3%3(3%1#)$"#.$,('+$14$'"VH$32+$%:01))%-%\ enough in the transitional countries emerging from civil conflict (cf. '%3L$14$.%"'1/(+H$32+$"-)+#&+$14$3,()3>$5''$14$321)+$",+$,+[(%,+:+#3)$ F11,+H$ 6!!!i>$ U&1#1:%&$ .+*+'10:+#3$ %)$ &+#3,"'$ %#$ 32+$ ,+.(&3%1#$ 41,$"$V1,<%#/$0'"##%#/$0,1&+))$32"3$%)$3"<%#/$&",+$14$#++.)$14$"''$

7C

2016

1992

1989

1991 ‘91-’95

2015 ‘92-’95 2008

‘94-’96 / ’99-’09

2008

1999 2001 1997

2016

Conflicts in Europe in the last 30 years

unrest and conflicts between nations and nationalities

Armed conflicts Falling apart of larger territories Not recognizing independence of Kosovo

Figure 8: Conflicts in Europe in the last 30 years

&1#&+,#+.$hG(,%H$6!7Bi>$ Another difficulty involved around planning is the long list of ac\ tors active in post-conflict situations. Where it was mainly the state which was involved in planning and rebuilding after a conflict in 32+$ 0,+*%1()$ &+#3(,LH$ 41,$ +Q":0'+$ "43+,$ 32+$ .+)3,(&3%1#$ 14$ ]]WW>$ 91."LH$%3$%)$"$0(ee'+$14$0'"L+,)$%#*1'*%#/b$32+$^%#3+,#"3%1#"'$&1::(\ #%3L`H$ Ia$ "/+#&%+)H$ .1#1,$ &1(#3,%+)H$ %#3+,#"3%1#"'$ anX)H$ 0,%*"3+$ &1#3,"&31,)H$ #+3V1,<)$ "#.$ "))1&%"3%1#)H$ ,+'%/%1()$ 1,/"#%e"3%1#)H$ 41(#."3%1#)$"#.$,+)+",&2+,)>$92+)+$*",%+3L$14$"&31,)$2"*+$*",%1()$ "00,1"&2+)$"#.$%.+"')$"-1(3$,+&1#)3,(&3%1#$"#.$V2%&2$"&&1,.%#/$ 31$WGXP5TM$0,+)%.+#3$G2%0,"$G(,%$.1$#13$%#&'(.+$0'"##%#/> $ Post-conflict in European context FL$0+,)1#"'$4")&%#"3%1#$31$32%)$)(-Y+&3$%)$.,%*+#$-L$"$&1#)3"#3'L$)2%4\ 3%#/$/'1-"'$"33+#3%1#$1#$.+0,%*+.$"#.$*('#+,"-'+$",+")$",1(#.$32+$ V1,'.$")$1001)+.$31$32+$#+/'+&3$"#.$%/#1,"#&+$14$)%:%'",$0'"&+)$ -(3$1*+,)2".1V+.$-L$32+)+$/'1-"'$41&()+)>$W$.1$"&<#1V'+./+$32+$ 0,1-'+:)$"#.$&2"''+#/+)$%#$/'1-"'$&%3%+)$%#$P2%#"H$W#.%"$"#.$G1(\ 32\5:+,%&"$,+/",.%#/$32+$'%*%#/$&1#.%3%1#)$14$&%3%e+#)$14$%::+#)+$ '",/+$(,-"#$",+")>$K+)0%3+$32"3$32+$%/#1,"#&+$14$.+*+'10%#/$0'"&+)$ %#$U(,10+"#$&1#3+Q3)$",+$'",/+'L$1*+,'11<+.$hn",)3<"H$6!7!i>$S%*%#/$ circumstances are not on sufficient levels at every corner of the Eu\ ropean continent mainly due to conflicts and ongoing tensions on 32+$+&1#1:%&$"#.$01'%3%&"'$'+*+'>$5V",+#+))$14$32+$)%3("3%1#$%#$32+$ aftermath of a conflict or war is required. The period after a conflict and its rehabilitation is significant to the way a nation will prosper

7Z

in the future. The falling apart of Yugoslavia with as final conflict the Kosovo War is a very recent example of conflict in the European context. Post-conflict development processes need close exami\ #"3%1#$%#$1,.+,$31$(#.+,)3"#.$)%3("3%1#)$%#$32+$"43+,:"32$14$"$V",>$ 92+$:1)3$*%)("'$1#+$%)$32+$3,"#)41,:"3%1#$'+*+'$14$32+$(,-"#$.%:+#\ )%1#>$5$*",%+3L$14$%))(+)$,+'"3+.$31$32+$,+\+)3"-'%)2:+#3$14$"$)3"3+$ &"#$ -+$ 1-)+,*+.$ %#$ 32+$ 02L)%&"'$ +#*%,1#:+#3>$ F1)3$ 0,1:%#+#3'L$ %)$ 32+$ &'")2$ 14$ 32+$ %::+#)+$ ,"0%.$ (,-"#%):$ "#.$ 32+$ '"&<%#/$ &",+$ 41,$32+$,+\+)3"-'%)2:+#3$14$)1&%"'$%#4,")3,(&3(,+>$92+$+Q%)3%#/$)1&%"'$ .%:+#)%1#H$V2%&2$2")$-++#$"$#"3(,"'$"))+3$14$)1(32+,#$&('3(,+)H$%)$ suffering when it comes to finding its renewed place within the city.

Post-conflict urban processes Migration flows after the conflict accelerated a free construction -11:$ %#$ 1,.+,$ 31$ 21()+$ "''$ 32+)+$ ,+3(,#%#/$ ,+4(/++)H$ ,(,"'\(,-"#$ :%/,"3%1#$ "#.$ %#3+,#"3%1#"'$ "%.$ V1,<+,)>$ ]%321(3$ "$ /11.$ /1*+,\ #"#&+$ "#.$ 0'"##%#/$ )L)3+:$ .+*+'10:+#3$ &"##13$ 0,1&++.$ ")$ "$ )L)3+:$ 32"3$ )+,*+)$ 32+$ /,+"3+,$ )1&%+3"'$ /11.)>$ W#.%*%.("'%):$ V%''$ /+3$ 32+$ (00+,$ 2"#.$ "#.$ 0(-'%&$ +'+:+#3)$ V%''$ .+&,+")+$ %#$ [("'%3L$ 1,$+*+#$+Q%)3+#&+>$W#$M,%)23%#"H$c1)1*1H$32+$.1(-'%#/$14$%3)$010(\ '"3%1#$.+:"#.+.$&1#)3,(&3%1#$V2%&2$-+&":+$32+$:"%#$+&1#1:%&$ .,%*+,$14$32+$&1(#3,L>$W#$"$3%:+$"43+,$"$V",H$32+$&1(#3,L`)$+&1#1:%&$ characteristics are evident to not fall in renewed conflicts. A viscous &%,&'+$32"3$32+$&1(#3,L$V")$%#$41,$:"#L$L+",)>$92+$01'%3%&"'$(#)3"-'+$ situation could not do something significantly in the decreasing &1#.%3%1#)$14$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$"3$32"3$3%:+>$91."LH$78$L+",)$"43+,$ the conflict the situation is in need of change. Change in public

Figure 9: Destruction of War, Kosovo 1999 ,+)1(,&2b$VVV>32%#<'%#<>&1:

01'%&LH$%#.%*%.("'$:%#.)+3)H$&1::(#"'$)+#)+$"#.$,+&1#)3,(&3%1#$14$ 32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#>$92+$V"L$32+$.+*+'10:+#3$&2"#/+.$32+$(,-"#$ 4"-,%&H$#1V$%#*1'*+)$:"#L$&2"''+#/+)$%#$1,.+,$31$,+\+)3"-'%)2$"$'%*"\ -'+$0(-'%&$+#*%,1#:+#3> Public life and domain in post-conflict areas 92+$+'+:+#3$32"3$%)$%:01,3"#3$%#$"$&%3L$%)$32+$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#$")$ S+V%)$F(:41,.$h7Z@Ci$:+#3%1#+.$"-1(3$&%3%+)b$j5$&%3L$%)$"$)1&%"'$ %#)3%3(3%1#$-+41,+$%3$%)$"$02L)%&"'$)3,(&3(,+k>$92"3$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#$%)$ 32"3$1#+$32"3$0'"L)$"#$%:01,3"#3$4"&31,$%#$"$[("'%3"3%*+$'%4+>$W3$%)$#1V$ 32+$%))(+$14$21V$)0"&+$&"#$"."03$"#.$.+"'$31$32+)+$,"0%.$3,"#)41,\ mations occurring after a conflict and facilitate the public life for a )()3"%#"-'+$)1&%"'$4(3(,+> 5&&+))$31$".+[("3+$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$-")%&$)+,*%&+)$%)$"#$+))+#3%"'$ 2(:"#$,%/23$"#.$31$+#)(,+$32+$"*"%'"-%'%3L$14$32+)+$,+)1(,&+)$V2+\ ,+*+,$-(3$)0+&%"''L$%#$.+*+'10%#/$&1(#3,%+)H$32+$%:01,3"#&+$'"L)$%#$ 0,+)+,*%#/$"#.$0,13+&3%#/$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$,11:$41,$32+$4(3(,+>$ 92%)$V")$01%#3+.$1(3$31$-+$4(#.":+#3"'$41,$[("'%3L$(,-"#$'%4+$"&&1,\ .%#/$31$a+V$d1,<$I#%*+,)%3L$M,14+))1,$M"('$T1:+,$.(,%#/$32+$a+V$ P%3%+)$G(::%3$%#$6!7E$%#$K"''")H$9+Q")> W#$ c1)1*1H$ 32+$ +)3"-'%)2:+#3$ 14$ 32+$ F(#%&%0"'$ G0"3%"'$ M'"##%#/$ G(001,3$M,1/,":$hF(GMMi$%#$6!!B$2")$-++#$V1,<%#/$1#$&"0"&%3L$ -(%'.%#/$"#.$3,"%#%#/$14$0'"##+,)$%#$32+$.%44+,+#3$:(#%&%0"'%3%+)$"#.$ F%#%)3,L$ 14$ U#*%,1#:+#3$ "#.$ G0"3%"'$ M'"##%#/>$ W:0'+:+#3"3%1#$ 14$ Ia\_"-%3"3$ 14$ 32+$ 1-Y+&3%*+)$ 2".$ 32+$ "%:$ 31$ 0,1:13%#/$ 32+$ &1#\ &+03$14$%#&'()%*+H$)3,"3+/%&$"#.$"&3%1#\1,%+#3"3+.$)0"3%"'$"#.$(,-"#$ 0'"##%#/$ %#$ c1)1*1H$ -+)%.+)$ 32"3$ &%*%'$ )1&%+3L$ "#.$ '1&"'$ /1*+,#\ :+#3)$",+$-+&1:%#/$"V",+$14$32+$#++.$41,$0",3%&%0"31,L$0'"##%#/$ hIa\_5JW959H$ 6!7Ei>$ X#+$ 14$ 32+%,$ 0,1Y+&3)$ V")$ j9(,#%#/$ )0"&+)$ %#31$ 0'"&+)kH$ V2%&2$ "&<#1V'+./+.$ &2"#/+)$ %#$ )1&%+3LH$ #++.$ 41,$ /,+"3+,$)()3"%#"-%'%3L$"#.$0+10'+`)$%#&,+")+.$+Q0+&3"3%1#)$%#$,+'"\ 3%1#$31$#+V$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$32"3$&,+"3+$1001,3(#%3%+)$41,$&%3%e+#)$31$ +#Y1L$)1&%"'$'%4+$1(3)%.+>$92+$0,1Y+&3`)$"%:$V")$31$%#&,+")+$"V",+\

Figure 10: Migrating refugees, Kosovo 1999 ,+)1(,&2b$VVV>#11,41(#."3%1#>&1:

#+))H$-L$321)+$V21$/1*+,#$"#.$+&1#1:%&"''L$.+*+'10$32+$0'"&+H$14$ 32+$ [("'%3L$ "#.$ %:01,3"#&+$ 14$ 0(-'%&$ )0"&+$ hIa\_5JW959H$ 6!77i>$ T+)+",&2$1#$.+*+'10%#/$&1(#3,%+)$%#&,+")%#/'L$)(//+)3)$32"3$[("\ '%3L$)3,++3)$",+$+*+#$:1,+$&,%3%&"'$31$V+''\-+%#/$14$32+$011,$"#.$32+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 14$ 32+%,$ &1::(#%3%+)H$ V21$ 143+#$ .1$ #13$ 2"*+$ )0"\ &%1()$ 21:+)$ "#.$ /",.+#)$ 31$ ,+3,+"3$ 31$ h]1,'.$ J"#<H$ 6!7Bi>$ 92%)$ [("'%3L$)3,++3)$41&()$%)$2%/2'L$,+&1::+#.+.$31$-+$%:0'+:+#3+.$-L$ 0'"##%#/$"#.$(,-"#$.+*+'10:+#3$"/+#&%+)$"#.$)21('.$)++$0(-'%&$ )0"&+$"#.$32+$)3,++3$")$"$-")%&$#++.$hIa\_5JW959H$6!7@i>$n,+"3+,$ "V",+#+))$ 14$ 32+$ %:01,3"#&+$ 14$ [("'%3L$ 0(-'%&$ )0"&+)$ %)$ /,1V%#/$ -(3$%:0'+:+#3"3%1#$V%321(3$0,1Y+&3)$")$32+)+$%)$)3%''$,",+>$U))+#3%"'$ ",+$%.+")$41,$32+$.+#)+$#+%/2-1,211.)$32"3$V+,+$"44+&3+.$32+$:1)3$ V%32$32+$(#,+/('"3+.$.+*+'10:+#3$"43+,$32+$V",> %&'$@.267'0$(%/%'0'8% Post-conflict individual development processes and city planning &%,&(:)3"#&+)$2"*+$&2"#/+.$32+$(,-"#$4"-,%&$14$",+")$%#$M,%)23%#"$ .,")3%&"''L>$ ]%32$ "$ 313"'$ #+/'+&3$ 31$ 32+$ )1&%"'$ .1:"%#$ "#.$ 0(-'%&$ '%4+H$ "#$ +))+#3%"'$ +'+:+#3$ %#$ (,-"#$ +#*%,1#:+#3"'$ 0,1)0+,%3L$ "#.$ "#$%:01,3"#3$%#/,+.%+#3$%#$32+$)1&%+3L`)$%#3+,"&3%1#H$&1::(#%&"3%1#$ "#.$ &12+)%1#>$ a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in the society is showing difficulties economic, environmental, so\ &%+3"'$ "#.$ &('3(,"'$ .%:+#)%1#)>$ W#$ 32"3$ )+#)+H$ c1)1*1$ %)$ )21V%#/$ &2","&3+,%)3%&)$14$"$.+*+'10%#/$&1(#3,L$%#$32+$32+:+$14$0(-'%&$'%4+H$ "V",+#+))$14$32+$[("'%3L$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$0'"&+$-,%#/$31$32+$(,-"#$ +#*%,1#:+#3$ "#.$ /11.$ 0(-'%&$ 01'%&%+)$ "#.$ 0'"##%#/$ .+&%)%1#)$ %#$ ,+)+,*%#/$"#.$:"%#3"%#%#/$0(-'%&$/11.)>$ Figure 11: Kosovo in numbers

6!

Disrupted daily lifes and urban conditions in Kosovo in 1999

1.45 mil

848.100 760.000 350.000

250.000

United States Institute of Peace, 1999 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR, 1999 Municipality of Prishtina, 2015

50.000

`Estimated illigal buildings in Prishtina

25.000

Homeless refugees

Uninhabitable homes

Severly damaged homes

Returned Kosovars 1999

Total displaced people

Fled Refugees after bombing by NATO

Fled Refugees since 1998 war started

100.000

IFG'<.3J*&('K.02*D3.5

6@

IFG'<.3J*&('K.02*D3.5

!/)8$:'('/.#&$A;'(%)28 _1V$&"#$)0"3%"'$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$%:0,1*+$32+$[("'%3L$14$'%*%#/$%#$01)3$ conflict Dodona and how could those contribute to a cohesive )1&%1\)0"3%"'$+#*%,1#:+#3> (;6$.'('/.#&$B;'(%)28( 01. What is post-conflict development in Prishtina and how can 0(-'%&$01'%&%+)$,+"&3$1#$32"3f !6>$]2"3$+44+&3)$0(-'%&$'%4+f !@>$ ]2%&2$ ",+$ 32+$ )1&%"'\)0"3%"'$ ")0+&3)$ 32"3$ &2","&3+,%e+$ Post-Conflict Dodona? !E>$]2"3$",+$32+$)1&%"'\)0"3%"'$[("'%3%+)$"#.$013+#3%"')$14$M1)3\&1#\ flict Dodona? !B>$_1V$%)$32+$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3$+*"'(+3+.$-L$32+$010('"3%1#f !A>$_1V$&"#$V+$.+)%/#$h)0"3%"'i$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$32"3$4"&%'%3"3+$0(-'%&$ life and serve the larger urban system in post-conflict Dodona? !8>$_1V$&"#$V+$"00'L$32+$1(3&1:+$14$32+$.+)%/#$31$132+,$01)3$ conflict situations?

3.1 RESEARCH APPROACH :"00%#/$"#.$."3"$"#"'L)%)H$1-)+,*"3%1#H$&1(#3%#/$"#.$3,"&<%#/>

The research approach has formed itself during the project. In: part A: exploration study G(-$[(+)3%1#)$1#+$N$3V1$&"#$-+$"#)V+,+.$32,1(/2$"$&1:-%#"3%1#$ 14$3+&2#%[(+)$32"3$41,:$"$&12+)%*+$)3(.L>$JL$'%3+,"3(,+$)3(.LH$%#3+,\ *%+V%#/$'1&"'$0,14+))%1#"')H$0,+41,:$1-)+,*"3%1#)$"#.$&1''+&3%#/$ :"0)$ "#.$ ."3"H$ "$ &1:0'+3+$ 0%&3(,+$ &"#$ -+$ 41,:+.>$ 92+$ "%:$ %)$ to create insights: to identify, define and illustrate relevant phe\ nomena, to explain specific characteristics and effects and (inter) relationships. Besides that, it defines the measures that need to -+$ 3"<+#$ V2%&2$ V%''$ -+$ )0"3%"''L$ "..,+))+.$ %#$ 32+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 14$"$.+)%/#>$5#$2L0132+)%)$%)$41,:+.$32"3$V%''$-+$()+.$31$.+*+\ '10$"$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$.+)%/#>$92+$3+&2#%[(+)$()+.$31$"#)V+,$)(-$ ,+)+",&2$[(+)3%1#)$1#+$N$3V1$",+$"$'%3+,"3(,+$)3(.LH$%#3+,*%+V%#/H$ :"00%#/$"#.$."3"$"#"'L)%)>

part C: development of a public domain design for Dodona G(-$[(+)3%1#$)%Q$&"#$-+$"#)V+,+.$-L$.+)%/#$,+)+",&2>$92+$1(3\ &1:+)$14$0",3$5b$32+$:+")(,+)$%#$32+$41,:$14$32+:+)$#++.$31$-+$ 3,"#)'"3+.$%#31$"#$)0"3%"'$"/+#.">$92+$)1&%1\)0"3%"'$"#"'L)%)$0,1*%\ .+)$32+$013+#3%"')$"#.$[("'%3%+)$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$P1:-%#%#/$ these will lead to a post-conflict design strategy, the priorities &1#&+03>$ 92%)$ V%''$ +*+#3("''L$ 01)%3%1#$ 32+$ )0"3%"'$ "/+#."$ 31$ 32+$ )1&%1\)0"3%"'$/,1(#.$%#$1,.+,$31$.+*+'10$"$.+)%/#>$92+$3+&2#%[(+)$ ()+.$31$"#)V+,$)(-$,+)+",&2$[(+)3%1#$)%Q$",+$%#3+,*%+V%#/H$.+)%/#H$ )%:('"3%#/$"#.$3+)3%#/> part D: reflecting and concluding.

G(-$[(+)3%1#$)+*+#$&"#$'+".$31V",.)$4(,32+,$,+)+",&2$"#.$32+$"0\ 0'%&"-%'%3L$14$32+$0,1Y+&3$1(3&1:+)$"#.$01))%-'+$.+)%/#>$W3$%)$32+$ :1:+#3$32"3$%:0,1*+:+#3)$14$32+$0,1Y+&3$V%''$-+$2%/2'%/23+.$"#.$ :%))%#/$'%#<)$&"#$-+$"..,+))+.>$J+)%.+)$32"3H$%3$%)$V1,32$31$&2+&<$ 32+$0,1Y+&3)$1(3&1:+)$32"3$&"#$"..,+))$)%:%'",$0,1-'+:)$"#.$&2"'\ lenges in the field of public life and post-conflict processes. The techniques used to answer sub research question seven are reflec\ 3%#/$"#.$&1#&'(.%#/>

part B: analyzing Dodona on life - form - performance Sub questions three, four & five are answered through a method 32"3$41&()+)$1#$32+$,+'"3%1#)2%0)$-+3V++#$32+$)1&%"'$'%4+H$)0"3%"'$+#\ *%,1#:+#3$"#.$32+$'1&"'$+*"'("3+.$0+,41,:"#&+$14$32+$)1&%1\)0"\ 3%"'$ &1#.%3%1#)>$ 92+$ "#"'L)%)$ 14$ 32+$ '%4+$ "#.$ 32+$ 41,:$ &1:-%#+.$ ,+)('3$%#$)1&%1\)0"3%"'$[("'%3%+)$"#.$013+#3%"')$32"3$&"#$-+$()+.$%#$ 32+$.+*+'10:+#3$14$32+$.+)%/#>$92+$)(,*+L$%)$:"<%#/$&1#3"&3$V%32$ 32+$010('"3%1#$%#$1,.+,$31$.+*+'10$"$.+)%/#$32"3$3"<+)$&",+$14$32+$ ,+[(%,+:+#3)$14$32+$)1&%+3L>$92+$3+&2#%[(+)$()+.$31$"#)V+,$)(-$ research question three, four and five are interviewing and survey,

6E

01. What is post-conflict development in Prishtina and how can public policies react on that?

spatial requirements

02. What effects public life?

spatial requirements

03. Which are the social-spatial aspects that characterize Post-Conflict Dodona?

04. What are the social-spatial qualities and potentials of Post-conflict Dodona?

06. How can we design (spatial) interventions that facilitate public life and serve the larger urban system in post-conflict Prishtina?

spatial requirements

05. How is the urban environment evalueted by the population?

spatial requirements

Figure 12: Project Research Framework

6B

07. How can we apply the outcome of the design to other post conflict situations?

Fig. 12 Raising awareness of the conditions of public space in Kosovo.

G1(,&+b$M+,%1.%&"'$:+/"e%#$c1)1*1$6>!H$W))(+$DBH$6!7@

Fig. 13 Symposium with international speakers about challenges and proC blems in post-conflict development Source: http://isocarp.org/post-conflict-planning-inclusive-resilient-cities/

3.2 RELEVANCE 5)$ +)3%:"3+.$ -L$ 32+$ ]_X$ h6!7AiH$ (,-"#$ 010('"3%1#$ V%''$ /,1V$ 31$ :1,+$32"#$B!o$%#$'+))$.+*+'10+.$&1(#3,%+)>$92%)$%)$+)0+&%"''L$+:+,\ /%#/$ %#$ c1)1*1$ V2+,+$ ,(,"'$ 0,1)0+&3)$ ",+$ &1#)%.+,"-'L$ '1V+,$ ")$ opposed to urban centers. The influx of people since the war has densified central neighborhoods unregulated and decreased the ratio of build to open space. Prishtina shows difficulties that an (,-"#$",+"$4"&+)$%#$32+$"43+,:"32$14$"$V",H$%4$+:02")%)$1#$32+$%:\ 01,3"#&+$14$)1&%+3"'$,+-(%'.%#/$%)$'"&<%#/>$92%)$%)$,+'+*"#3$31."L$V%32$ conflicts around the globe that soon will start rebuilding. social relevance$ \$ W#$ 32%)$ 0,1Y+&3$ 32+$ 02L)%&"'$ %))(+)$ "#.$ +32%&"'$ .%:+#)%1#$",+$*+,L$,+'"3+.$31$32+$)1&%+3"'$,+'+*"#&+>$92+$32,++$",+$ "44+&3%#/$+"&2$132+,>$92+$+44+&3)$14$(#,+/('"3+.$01)3\V",$.+*+'10\ :+#3H$ )0"3%"''L$ %#$ .+#)+$ 010('"3+.$ ",+")H$ ",+$ "44+&3%#/$ 32+$ '%*%#/$ &1#.%3%1#)$14$",+")>$5,1(#.$8Bo$h;p&<'+,H$6!!Ci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and the public domain is influencing the social life of the city. It is +*+#$#+&+))",L$31$#13+H$32"3$(#,+/('"3+.$.+*+'10:+#3$"44+&3)$32+$ +#*%,1#:+#3$ "#.$ %#$ 0",3%&('",$ 32+$ 2+"'32$ %))(+$ ")$ ,+'"3+.$ 31$ 32+$ 2(:"#$-+%#/)>$92+$.+&,+")+$14$32+$)1&%"'$'%4+$&"#$'+".$31$%)1'"3%\ 1#$"#.$4++'%#/)$14$+Q&'()%1#>$JL$&,+"3%#/$(,-"#$&1#.%3%1#)H$V2%&2$ "."03$31$32+$0,%1,%3%+)$14$.+#)+$#+%/2-1,211.)$%#$"$3,"#)%3%1#$)1&%\ +3LH$#+V$%#4,")3,(&3(,+)$41,$32+$)1&%"'H$)()3"%#"-'+$"#.$2+"'32L$'%*%#/$ +#*%,1#:+#3$&"#$%#&,+")+$&%3L$'%4+> scientific relevance$\$I,-"#$0'"##%#/$%#$,+&1#)3,(&3%1#$14$01)3\&1#\

6A

flict situations has to put emphasis to its strategic and systematic V"L$14$%3)$()"/+H$%#$1,.+,$31$0'"L$"$,1'+$%#$32+$,+-(%'.%#/$"#.$,+\ &1#)3,(&3%1#$ 14$ 32+$ )1&%+3L$ hn",)3<"H$ 6!7!q$ G(,%H$ 6!7Bi>$ 92"3$ ,1'+$ &"#$ 3"<+$ 0",3$ %#$ -(%'.%#/$ 0+"&+4('H$ ,+)%'%+#3H$ %#&'()%*+$ "#.$ ,+&1#\ ciling societies. In recent Post-conflict urban planning theory an %:01,3"#3$,+41&()$%)$)++#$31V",.)$,+-(%'.%#/$&%*%'$)1&%+3LH$32,1(/2$ 32+$,+&1#)3,(&3%1#H$-(%'.%#/H$"#.$(,-"#$0'"##%#/$14$32+$-(%'.$+#\ *%,1#:+#3$ hP2",'+)V1,32H$ 6!!8i>$ 92+$ (#.+,)3"#.%#/$ 14$ 32+$ (,-"#$ #",,"3%*+)H$)++%#/$&,%3%&"'$%))(+)$%#$32+$)1&%"'$'"#.)&"0+$"#.$-+%#/$ "V",+$14$+Q%)3%#/$4,()3,"3%1#)$14$32+$0")3H$",+$<+L$+'+:+#3)$31$3"<+$ in consideration after a conflict (Bevan, 2006; Ghandour, 2002 as &%3+.$%#$P2",'+)V1,32H$6!!8q$]11.)H$7ZZ8i>$92%)$0,1Y+&3$32+,+41,+$ 3+#.)$ 31$ +Q0'1,+$ 32+$ "'3+,+.$ (,-"#$ '"#.)&"0+$ "43+,$ 32+$ V",$ "#.$ 1-)+,*+$32+$)1&%"'$'"#.)&"0+H$%#$1,.+,$31$/"%#$#+V$<#1V'+./+$14$ )1&%"'$"#.$)0"3%"'$.,%*+,)$14$32+$(,-"#$",+">$5$-+33+,$(#.+,)3"#.%#/$ of post conflict processes and experimental methodology can lead 31$#+V$01))%-%'%3%+)$%#$32+$3,"#)%3%1#"'$'"#.)&"0+>

3.3 ETHICAL DIMENSION 92+$4(#&3%1#$14$32%)$0","/,"02$%)$31$.%)&'1)+$32+$#+&+))",L$&1#&+,#$ 41,$*"'(+)$"#.$#1,:)$,+'"3+.$31$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#>$92+$1-Y+&3%*+$%)$ 32+$+Q0'1,"3%1#$14$+32%&)$",1(#.$0(-'%&$)0"&+$r$32+$*"'(+$"#.$:1,"'$ status of our behavior and the position as urbanists in this field. The :"%#$41&()$V%''$-+$1#$32+$&1#3+:01,",L$:1,"'$)3"3()$14$32+$'1&"'%\ 3%+)$31V",.)$0(-'%&$)0"&+$"#.$%3)$&1#)+[(+#&+)> 92+$ +32%&)$ %#*1'*+.$ ",1(#.$ 0(-'%&$ )0"&+$ ",+$ &1:0'+Q$ )L)3+:)$ V%32$"$*",%+3L$14$"&31,)H$&('3(,+$"#.$2%)31,%&"'$-"&</,1(#.)>$W#$32%)$ 0",3%&('",$ &1#3+Q3H$ 32+$ 1#+$ 14$ "$ .+#)+$ #+%/2-1,211.$ .+*+'10+.$ unregulated, the multiple bodies that share a confined physical )0"&+$ 41,:$ "$ )1&%"'$ +321)>$ M,14+))1,$ 14$ n+1/,"02LH$ 5)2$ 5:%#$ h6!!Ci$",/(+)$32"3$32+$)%3("3%1#$14$:('3%0'%&%3L$1,$)(,0'()$14$2(:"#)$ "#.$32+,+41,+H$"&3%1#)$"#.$:1*+:+#3)H$%#$"$'%:%3+.$)0"&+H$0,1.(\ &+$)1&%"'$+44+&3)>$G(,0'()$%#$32%)$)+#)+$:+"#)$32+$.%44+,+#3$()+)$14$

Fig. 14 Poor quality public domain in neighborhoods G1(,&+b$02131/,"02$-L$"(321,

Fig. 15 Quality spaces are limited to the center G1(,&+b$02131/,"02$-L$"(321,

.%44+,+#3$"&3"#3)$)0"&+H$V2%&2$&2"#/+)$&1#)3"#3'L>$T+'"3+.$31$32+$ context, the unclear policies and official rules, make this space an +*+#$:1,+$&1:0'+Q$)L)3+:>$W3)$)(,0'()$%#$)0"&+$r$32+$'1&"'%e"3%1#$ "#.$ +Q0+,%+#&+$ 14$ 32"3$ 0'"&+H$ %)$ -+)%.+)$ ):"''$ %:0"&3)$ 1#$ (,-"#$ 0(-'%&$&('3(,+$"$V21'+$)L)3+:$14$,2L32:)$14$%#*+#3%1#H$1,.+,$"#.$ &1#3,1'$ /+#+,"3+.$ -L$ :('3%0'%&%3L$ h5:%#H$ 6!!Ci>$ 92%)$ *%+V$ 14$ 5)2$ 5:%#$%#$,+'"3%1#$31$+32%&)H$%)$&1:%#/$4,1:$V,%3%#/)$14$0,"/:"3%)3)$")$ ]%''%":$g":+)$h6!!@i$"#.$32+1,%)3$14$0'(,"'%):$+Q0'1,%#/$32+$,+'"\ 3%1#"'$.L#":%&)$"#.$)+'4\,+/('"3%#/$0,10+,3%+)$14$&1:0'+Q$)L)3+:)$ hP1##1''LH$6!!Bq$K+'"#."H$6!!!H$6!!Ai>$_+$01%#3)$1(3$32"3$+32%&"'$ ()+)$"#.$"&3%*%3%+)$%#$0(-'%&$)0"&+$"00+",$^0,+\&1/#%3%*+'L$"#.$,+\ flexively rather than rational or consciously, guided by routines of #+(,1'1/%&"'$,+)01#)+$"#.$:"3+,%"'$0,"&3%&+H$,"32+,$32"#$-L$"&3)$14$ 2(:"#$ V%''`>$ W3)$ :%Q3(,+$ 14$ 32+$ &,1V.H$ 32+$ 2"00+#%#/)H$ 4(#&3%1#"'$ %#3+,0,+3"3%1#H$%3)$'%*"-%'%3L$"#.$*%3"'%3L$31/+32+,$",+$"$&1#)3,"%#+.$ /,1(0$14$"&3%1#$"#.$1,%+#3"3%1#$h5:%#H$6!!Ci>$5$&1#)3"#3$#+/13%"\ 3%1#$14$32+$)0"&+$%#$,+'"3%1#$31$132+,)$"#.$32+$%#.%*%.("'%):$%)$0",3$ 14$32%)$+32%&"'$.%:+#)%1#H$V2%&2$%)$.1:%#"3%#/$"#.$&1#3,1''%#/$32+$ 0(-'%&$)0"&+>$F1,"'$)3"#.",.)$"#.$*"'(+)$",+$(#.1(-3+.'L$%#4+&3+.$ by ethical influences originated from the past of citizens living the\ ,+>$92+$)1&%"'$+32%&)H$%3)$&1#)&%1()#+))$14$#++.$"#.$1,%+#3"3%1#$31$ 32+$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#$%#$1,.+,$31$'%*+$31/+32+,$%)$"$0,1&+))$%#*1'*%#/$ "''$ "&3"#3)>$ 5&&1,.%#/$ 31$ 5:%#$ h6!!CiH$ 32+$ :%Q3(,+$ 14$ 32+$ &,1V.$ /+#+,"3+)$^)1&%"'$0"321'1/%+)$14$"*1%."#&+H$)+'4\0,+)+,*"3%1#H$%#31\ '+,"#&+$"#.$2",:`$0",3%&('",'L$%4$.%*+,)%3L$14$01V+,$"#.$+Q&'()%1#$%)$ 0'"L%#/$0",3$%#$32+$)0"&+>

-%'%3L$":1#/$32+$&%3%e+#)H$31V",.)$32+$)3,++3$V")$"$0",3$14$32+$."%'L$ '%*+)>$ I#V,%33+#$ ,('+)$ V+,+$ "'%*+$ ,+/",.%#/$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$ )0"&+$ ")$ "$ )0"&+$14$+*+,L1#+$"#.$&%3%e+#)$311<$&",+$14$%3>$92%)$&1#3%#(+.$%#$"$ '",/+$0",3$14$32+$6!32$&+#3(,L>$]%32$32+$&2"#/+$%#$)L)3+:H$32+$:(#%\ &%0"'%3L$-+&":+$,+)01#)%-'+$41,$32+$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$)3,++3)>$92+$ 0(-'%&$%)$#13$32+$0(-'%&$"#L:1,+$41,$&+,3"%#$#"3%1#"'%3%+)>$5$,+Y+&3%\ 1#$1,$+Q&'()%1#$14$"$/,1(0$14$0+10'+$-L$"$01V+,$32"3$%)$)(..+#'L$ 3,"#)41,:%#/$32+$0(-'%&$%#31$0,%*"3+>$5$.+&"L$%#$4,++.1:$%#$"$-")%&$ 41,:q$#13$"'1(.$"#L:1,+$31$"&3$"#.$()+$%#$32+$0(-'%&>$X*+,$3%:+H$ the value of public spaces becomes insignificant if you cannot take 0",3$%#$%3$"#.$32+$:1,"'$)3"#.",.)$3(,#$%#31$#+/"3%*+$1#+)$-+&"(\ )+$32+$0(-'%&$%#$32%)$&")+$,+0,+)+#3)$32+$+#+:L>$92%)$+Q0+,%+#&+H$ V2%&2$2")$-++#$"V4('$2")$&1#3%#(+.$(#3%'$31."LH$321(/2$32+$)L)3+:$ &2"#/+.$"#.$32+$0(-'%&$%)$0(-'%&$"/"%#>$W3$%)$32+$,+%#*+#3%1#$14$32+$ 0(-'%&$31$)+,*+$")$0(-'%&$41,$+*+,L1#+>

3.4 OBJECTIVES

92+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 14$ 32+$ .+)%/#$ 0,1Y+&3$ %)$ "%:%#/$ 31$ 0,1*%.+$ %#\ sights in conditions, processes and challenges that signifies post conflict situations. Important is the good understanding of the situ\ ation. Research of other post conflict areas is useful but the context :"<+)$32+$)%3("3%1#$(#%[(+>$W#$32"3$&")+H$#13$"''$/+#+,"'$)3,"3+/%+)$ "#.$"00,1"&2+)$&"#$-+$()+.>$5$3"%'1,\:".+$.+)%/#$0,1Y+&3$V%''$-+$ 32+$ /1"'$ 14$ 32+$ 0,1Y+&3>$ W3$ V%''$ )+",&2$ 41,$ )1'(3%1#)$ 41,$ 32+$ '%:%3+.$ )0"&+H$ /1*+,#:+#3"'$ "00,1"&2H$ )1&%1\)0"3%"'$ &1#.%3%1#)$ "#.$ /"0$ W#$1,.+,$31$0,1&++.$"#.$41,:$"$0,+&%)+$10%#%1#$"-1(3$+32%&)$14$0(\ %#$32+$0(-'%&$\$0,%*"3+$,+'"3%1#)2%0>$W3$"%:)$31$%#3+/,"3+$"$,+#+V+.$ blic space, local definition is in order. During interviews with rese\ 0(-'%&$)0"&+$#+3V1,<$32"3$144+,)$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$[("'%3L$0'"&+)$ archers in the field of urban planning and urban sociology, a better "#.$ +#&1(,"/+)$ 32+$ '1&"'$ )1&%+3L$ 31$ -+$ "&3%*+$ "#.$ 0",3%&%0"3+$ %#$ (#.+,)3"#.%#/$14$32+$)%3("3%1#$&"#$-+$&1:01)+.>$ 32"3$#+V$.1:"%#>$W3$%)$"-1(3$3"<%#/$&",+H$-+$"&3%*+$"#.$)21V$3,"#)\ 0",+#&L$ %#$ .1%#/$ V2%&2$ &"#$ ,+)('3$ %#$ "#$ %#&,+")+.$ )+#)+$ 14$ &%3%\ 92+$&1#3+:01,",L$,+'"3%1#$31$0(-'%&$)0"&+$2")$&2"#/+.$1*+,$3%:+>$ e+#)2%0$"#.$,+)31,+.$,+'"3%1#)2%0)>$92+$.+*+'10:+#3$14$32+$.+)%/#$ F1,"'$ )3"#.",.)$ "#.$ "00,10,%"3+$ -+2"*%1,$ 31V",.)$ 0(-'%&$ )0"&+$ &"#$%#$32+$+#.$-+$+*"'("3+.$"-1(3$%3)$()+4('#+))$%#$132+,$)%3("3%1#)>$ "#.$'%4+$V+,+$&1::1#$%#$32+$X331:"#$0+,%1.>$5$/+#+,"'$,+)01#)%\

68

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Map of Europe

Kosovoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s location in the southern Balkan

Kosovo with mostly Albanians Recognizing independence of Kosovo Not recognizing independence of Kosovo Figure 16: Kosovo

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Figure 17: Kosovo timeline

4.1 POST CONFLICT CONDITIONS V%321(3$ '(&<>$ 543+,$ 32+$ :(,.+,$ 14$ R,"#e$ R+,.%#"#3$ %#$ #+%/2-1\ ,%#/$G","Y"*1$,+)('3+.$%#$32+$]]WH$c1)1*1$3+,,%31,L$V")$&'1)+$31$ the center of the conflict and got hit severely in the war. In the +#.$32+$-%,32$14$d(/1)'"*%"$")$"$#+V$c%#/.1:$%#&'(.%#/$G+,-%"H$ F1#3+#+/,1H$ J1)#%"H$ P,1"3%"H$ G'1*+#%"$ "#.$ F"&+.1#%"$ :".+$ c1)1*1$0",3$14$32+$G+,-%"#$)3"3+>$c1)1*1$,+:"%#+.$0",3$14$G+,\ -%"$")$"$0,1*%#&+$%#$32+$0+,%1.$14$d(/1)'"*%"$(#3%'$%#$7Z8E$32+$ 0,1*%#&+$V")$/,"#3+.$"(31#1:L$"#.$)3",3+.$31$2"*+$"$*1%&+$1#$ 4+.+,"'$'+*+'>$S"3+,H$V%32$32+$d(/1)'"*%"#$V",)$"#.$32+$4"''$14$32+$ 4+.+,"3%1#$%#31$)+0","3+$&1(#3,%+)H$G+,-%"$3"<+)$c1)1*1$"#.$%3)$ '+".+,$F%'1)+*%&$.%&3"3+)$32+$#"3%1#>$92+$)%3("3%1#$14$32+$5'-"\ #%"#)$'%*%#/$%#$c1)1*1$V1,)+#+.$"#.$%#$32+$L+",)$-+41,+$32+$V",$ %#$7ZZZ$)+*+,"'$/,1(0)$14$c1)1*1\5'-"#%"#)$+:+,/+.$"#.$'+.$ 31$32+$41(#.%#/$14$32+$c1)1*1$S%-+,"3%1#$5,:LH$32+$I)23,%"$l'%\ ,%:3",+$+$c1)1*s)$hIPci>$]%32$32+%,$'%:%3+.$&"0"&%3LH$32+L$3,%+.$ 31$.,+V$%#3+,#"3%1#"'$"33+#3%1#$31$32+$)%3("3%1#$14$5'-"#%"#)$%#$ Kosovo. The intensity of unrest and small conflicts worsened, .+)0%3+$ 14$ )3,1#/$ +441,3)$ 14$ %#3+,#"3%1#"'$ 1,/"#%e"3%1#)>$ 5)$ 14$ 1998, the conflicts became a military struggle and with it the .+3+,%1,"3%1#$ 14$ 32+$ '%*%#/$ &1#.%3%1#)$ 14$ 32+$ &%*%'%"#$ 010('"3%\ 1#>$92+$%#3+,#"3%1#"'$&1::(#%3L$"#.$32+$a59XH$%#3+,*+#+.$-L$ "33+:03%#/$32+$0",3%+)$31$#+/13%"3+$-L$32,+"3$14$:%'%3",L$%#3+,\ *+#3%1#>$]2+#$32+$T":-1(%''+3$"/,++:+#3$V")$,+Y+&3+.$-L$32+$ G+,-)$ %#$ F",&2$ 7ZZZH$ 32+$ "33"&<$ 14$ 32+$ a59X$ 1#$ 32+$ G+,-%"#$ 01V+,)$)++:+.$32+$1#'L$V"L$1(3>$]%321(3$4(''$(#.+,)3"#.%#/$14$ 32+$2%)31,L$32+$7ZZZ$&'")2$V")$"$.%)"/,++:+#3$"-1(3$31$V21:$ c1)1*1$3+,,%31,L$-+'1#/)$31>$

Preceding the conflict \$W#$1,.+,$31$(#.+,)3"#.$V2"3$0,+'(.+.$ 32+$ *%1'+#3$ &'")2$ -+3V++#$ 3V1$ #"3%1#)$ %#$ 7ZZZ$ V2%&2$ '+.$ 31$ "$ V",$1*+,$32+$,+/%1#$-132$#"3%1#)$)2",+.$%#$G1(32\U")3+,#$U(,1\ 0+H$"$)21,3$2%)31,%&"'$1*+,*%+V$&"#$0,1*%.+$32+$#+&+))",L$%#41,\ :"3%1#>$J132$)%.+)H$G+,-)$"#.$5'-"#%"#)$&1#)%.+,$32+$c1)1*1$ /,1(#.)$31$-+$32+$1,%/%#$14$32+%,$#"3%1#"'$%.+#3%3L>$92+)+$*%+V)$ 1#$-132$1,%/%#)$."3+$-"&<$31$32+$+",'L$E32$&+#3(,L$JP$"#.$7632$ &+#3(,L>$ 5'-"#%"#$ #"3%1#"'%)3)$ &1#)%.+,$ 32+%,$ .+)&+#3$ 4,1:$ 32+$ W''L,%"#)$ "#.$ 32+%,$ '1&"3%1#$ 14$ '%*%#/$ %#$ 32+$ E32$ &+#3(,L$ JP>$ 1#$ 31."L`)$c1)1*1$/,1(#.)>$U*+#3("''LH$:+#3%1#+.$")$5'-"#%"#)$%#$ 32+$7632$&+#3(,LH$-(3$32+%,$+Q"&3$0'"&+$14$1,%/%#$%)$)3%''$.%)0(3+.>$ R,1:$32+$01%#3$14$*%+V$14$32+$G+,-%"#$#"3%1#"'%)3)H$c1)1*1$3+,,%\ 31,L$%)$)++#$")$32+$-%,320'"&+$14$32+%,$X,321.1Q$P2(,&2$"#.$32+$ :+.%+*"'$ G+,-%"#$ )3"3+>$ _%)31,%&"'$ :1#")3+,%+)$ "#.$ 1,321.1Q$ churches, such as the Gračanica Monastery, Patriarchate of Peć and Visoki Dečani dating back as earliest as the 12th and 13th &+#3(,L$",+$)++#$")$%:01,3"#3$-(%'.%#/)$%#$32+$G+,-%"#$X,321\ dox Church. It comes down to an complex and difficult histo\ ,L$ -+3V++#$ 32+$ 3V1$ #"3%1#"'%)3)$ 41,$ "$ 4(''$ (#.+,)3"#.%#/>$ ]2L$ .%.$%3$'")3+.$(#3%'$32+$7ZZ!)$-+41,+$%3$,+)('3+.$%#31$32+$c1)1*1$ ]",>$92%)$%)$-+&"()+$%#$2%)31,L$32+$3+,,%31,L$14$c1)1*1$2")$-++#$ 1&&(0%+.$-L$"$*",%+3L$14$#"3%1#)>$5)$+",'%+)3$-+%#/$0",3$14$32+$ W''L,%"#)$"#.$K",."#%"#)H$32+#$32+$JLe"#3%#+$+:0%,+$,('+.$1*+,$ 32+$",+"H$"43+,$32"3$G'"*%&$:%/,"3%1#)$4,1:$32+$#1,32$)+33'+.$%#$ c1)1*1$"#.$F+312%Y">$J132$)31,%+)$14$32+$5'-"#%"#)$"#.$G+,-)$ ",+$+*+#$:1,+$.%)0(3+.$V2+#$32+$-L$32+$-"33'+$14$32+$-'"&<-%,.$ field against the Turks in 1389. The Ottoman empire ruled over 32+$",+"$41,$B!!$L+",)$"#.$'+43$"$,%&2$:",<$1#$32+$",+">$J+)%.+)$ 1,321.1Q$ &2(,&2+)$ 32+$ ",+"$ %)$ :"%#'L$ .1:%#"3+.$ -L$ F1)[(+)$ "#.$:1)3$%#2"-%3"#3)$",+$F()'%:>$92+$M+,%1.$14$32+$6!32$&+#3(\ ry is marked by extensive conflicts over territory and power not Y()3$%#$32+$G1(32+,#$J"'<"#)$-(3$%#$32+$'",/+,$U(,10+"#$&1#3%\ nent. Nevertheless, considerable more conflicts took place in 32+$ J"'<"#>$ W#$ 32+$ 0,+4"&+$ 14$ 32+$ ]]WH$ 3V1$ J"'<"#$ V",)$ 311<$ 0'"&+>$R%,)3H$32+$X331:"#$+:0%,+$V")$41,&+.$1(3$14$32+$3+,,%31,L$ 14$c1)1*1$-L$32+$G+,-)$"#.$F1#3+#+/,%#)H$)+&1#.H$32+$"33+:03$ 14$ 32+$ 5'-"#%"#)$ 31$ :"<+$ c1)1*1$ 0",3$ 14$ 5'-"#%"#$ 3+,,%31,L$

The conflict$\$92+$c1)1*1$]",$")$21V$V+$,+:+:-+,$%3H$%)$32+$ 8C\."L$-1:-",.:+#3$14$G+,-%"H$%#&'(.%#/$c1)1*1$"#.$F1#3+\ #+/,1>$ 92+$ 0+,%1.$ "43+,$ 32+$ 4"%'(,+$ 14$ T":-1(%''+3$ "/,++:+#3$ in march of 1999, with the NATO intervening is only the final 0",3$14$32+$'1#/$)3,(//'+$-+3V++#$32+$G+,-)$"#.$5'-"#%"#\c1\ )1*",>$ 92+$ 0,1'1/(+$ 31$ 32%)$ 3,"/%&$ :1:+#3$ %#$ c1)1*1$ 2%)31,Lb$ the preceding year of conflict between the Kosovo Liberation 5,:L$hcS5iH$32+$I)23,%"$l'%,%:3",+$+$c1)1*s)$hIPciH$"#.$G+,-%\ "#$R1,&+)>$9V1$<+L$+*+#3)$V+,+$31$&2"#/+$+*+,L32%#/$%#$c1)\ @7

serbia

1.850.000 est.

1.61 mil Mitrovice / Mitrovica

montenegro

Prishtina

Peje / Pec

35.000 18.000

8.000

Gjilan / Gnjilane GjakovĂŤ / Dakovica

Ferizaj / Urosevac

Prizren

Gorani

Roma,Ashkali, Egyptians

Turks

27.000

Bosniaks

Serbs

Albanians

146.000

macedonia albania Map of Kosovo

Split of nationalities

0

Fig. 18 Demographics Kosovo

Kosovo-Albanians

50 km

Kosovo-Serbs

Fig. 19 Kosovoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s divided landscape

_+,%3"/+$c1)1*1

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"#.$3,()3>$92+$0'"&+:+#3$14$c1)1*1$(#.+,$32+$&1#3,1'$14$"$0,1\ *%)%1#"'$ %#3+,#"3%1#"'$ ".:%#%)3,"3%1#$ V%32$ Ia$ +#3+,%#/$ V%32$ "$ #(:-+,$")$2%/2$")$6!!!$+:0'1L++)H$0"%.$-L$]+)3+,#$)3"#.",.)$ 4,1:$ :1#+L$ )+3$ ")%.+$ 41,$ "%.$ .%.$ #13$ 4+'3$ V+''$ -L$ 32+$ '1&"')>$ 92+)+$ )"'",%+)$ 3,%//+,+.$ ,+#3)$ )<L,1&<+3%#/$ %#$ M,%)23%#">$ S")3H$ 32+$&2"#/+$4,1:$-+%#/$"$0,1*%#&+$14$G+,-%"$31$"$)+0","3+$",+"$ '+43$ :"Y1,$ /"0)$ %#$ ".:%#%)3,"3%*+$ &"0"&%3%+)$ "#.$ 132+,$ 0+10'+$ V+,+$)(..+#'L$+[(%00+.$V%32$01V+,>$P1,,(03%1#$V")$"#.$%)$"$ *+,L$ &1::1#$ +'+:+#3$ %#$ c1)1*1>$ I#&'+",$ ,+'"3%1#)$ -+3V++#$ /1*+,#:+#3$ "#.$ &1#)3,(&3%1#$ &1:0"#%+)$ /"*+$ 01V+,$ 31$ 32+$ large firms. For a time, the construction industry was the largest 0'"L+,$1#$32+$+&1#1:%&$:",<+3>$92+$%#&"0"&%3%+)$14$32+$/1*+,\ #:+#3$ "#.$ :(#%&%0"'$ %#)3%3(3%1#)$ :".+$ 4,++$ V"L$ 41,$ "''\,1(#.$ .+*+'10:+#3$%#$32+$0,%*"3+$)+&31,$"#.$)+&1#.$4"%'(,+$14$0'"#)$ %#$32+$L+",)$"43+,$32+$V",$+Q3+#.+.$32%)$0+,%1.$14$(#&'+",$(,-"#$ "#.$,+/%1#"'$.+*+'10:+#3>$S")3H$32+$0+,%1.$14$/,+"3$100,+))%\ 1#$-L$32+$G+,-%"#$,+/%:+$-+3V++#$32+$7ZZ!`)$"#.$32+$-+/%#\ #%#/$14$32+$V",$2")$&"()+.$.":"/+$31$32+$5'-"#%"#$)1&%+3L$%#$ 32+%,$4++'%#/$14$&1::1#$)+#)+$1,$&",+$41,$32+$0(-'%&>$

1*1H$321)+$1#$01'%3%&"'$"#.$)3,"3+/%&"'$'+*+'>$R%,)3H$32+$%#$7ZZB$ "/,++.$K"L31#$0+"&+$"/,++:+#3$32"3$+#.+.$32+$J1)#%"#$]",>$ 92+$,+&1/#%3%1#$14$J1)#%"$")$"$)+0","3+$)3"3+$-L$32+$U(,10+"#$ I#%1#$3(,#+.$1(3$31$-+$"$2(/+$3,"(:"$41,$32+$c1)1*1`)$5'-"\ #%"#)>$ 92+$ K"L31#$ "/,++:+#3$ .%.$ #13$ :+#3%1#$ c1)1*1$ "3$ "''$ "#.$)11#$32+$,+"'%e"3%1#$14$0+"&+4('$,+)%)3"#&+$V1('.$#13$/+3$ c1)1*1$%3)$%#.+0+#.+#&+$4,1:$G+,-%">$G+&1#.H$32+$)(..+#$4"''$ 14$5'-"#%"$%#$&1:0'+3+$"#",&2L$"''$31$.1$V%32$32+$/1*+,#:+#3"'$ supported financial pyramid, results in a leaving behind a great #(:-+,$14$",:1,%+)$-L$32+$:%'%3",L$"#.$)+&(,%3L$41,&+)>$G(..+#\ 'L$ "$ '",/+$ #(:-+,$ 14$ V+"01#)$ -+&":+$ "*"%'"-'+$ 31$ 32+$ -"33'+$ 14$32+$c1)1*1$5'-"#%"#)$hg(."2H$6!!Ci>$92+)+H$"#.$"$)+,%+)$14$ 132+,$ +*+#3)$ :".+$ 32+$ )%3("3%1#$ 0,+&",%1()$ "#.$ 32+$ %#3+,#"3%\ 1#"'$ &1::(#%3L$ %#3+,*+#+.>$ I#41,3(#"3+'LH$ V2+#$ 32+$ ^3"'<)`$ %#$ R,"#&+$ 4"%'+.$ 32+$ a59X$ .%.$ #13$ )++$ "#132+,$ 103%1#$ 32+#$ 31$ %#3+,*+#+$V%32$:%'%3",L$41,&+)>$X#$F",&2$6E$7ZZZH$32+$-1:-%#/$ )3",3+.H$4"&31,%+)$"#.$:%'%3",L$-")+)$V+,+$2%3$-(3$(#41,3(#"3+'L$ :"#L$&%*%'%"#)$'1)3$32+%,$'%*+)$311> The actual destruction \$ In the aftermath of a war or conflict several processes emerge. Returning refugees find their ways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

W#$ 32+$ 41''1V%#/$ 0"/+)$ 32+)+$ 0,1&+))+)$ "43+,$ 32+$ V",$ V%''$ -+$ .+)&,%-+.$%#$:1,+$.+3"%'>$92+$&1#.%3%1#)$"43+,$32+$V",$"''$&1#\ 3,%-(3+$31$32+$&1#3+:01,",L$011,$[("'%3L$14$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$ %3)$0(-'%&$.1:"%#>$M(-'%&$'%4+$%#$M,%)23%#"$%)$"&3%*+$"#.$)1&%"'$"#.$ #1V"."L)$ )++<)$ 41,$ :1,+$ &1:41,3"-'+$ 0'"&+)>$ 92+$ )1&%+3L$ %)$ )'1V'L$/+33%#/$-"&<$1#$3,"&<$"#.$%)$,"0%.'L$&"3&2%#/$(0$V%32$32+$ ]+)3+,#$)3L'+$14$'%*%#/$V2+#$%3$&1:+)$31$-+2"*%1,$"#.$#++.)>$ a+*+,32+'+))H$32+$,+[(%,+.$)0"&+)$"#.$[("'%3"3%*+$/11.$(,-"#$ &1#.%3%1#)$ 41,$ 32%)$ 31$ 2"00+#$ #13$ "*"%'"-'+>$ 92%)$ %)$ +)0+&%"''L$ "$ )+,%1()$ 0,1-'+:$ %#$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.)$ 32"3$ 2"*+$ )++#$ -%/$ urban changes in the aftermath of the conflict. For that matter, 32+$ .%44+,+#3$ 0,1&+))+)$ "#.$ )%3("3%1#)$ "43+,$ 32+$ V",$ ",+$ -+%#/$ ,+)+",&2+.$1#$32+%,$%:0"&3$1#$32+$[("'%3L$14$32+$(,-"#$+#*%,1#\ :+#3>$ 92+$ &1#)3,(&3%1#$ -11:H$ 4"%'(,+$ 14$ ".:%#%)3,"3%*+$ 0'"#\ #%#/$"#.$0'"#)H$32+$&2"#/+$14$+&1#1:L$"#.$32+$%#2+,%3+.$"*+,\ )%1#$31$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$",+$32+$%:01,3"#3$4"&31,)$32"3$2"*+$ '+.$31$32+$.+3+,%1,"3%1#$14$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$%3)$.1:"%#>$92+%,$ %:0"&3$1#$32+$)0"3%"'$1,/"#%e"3%1#$V%''$-+$,+*%+V+.$"#.$0,+'%\ minary conclusions will be drawn. Those conclusions are first )3+0)$%#$.+*+'10%#/$0,%1,%3%+)$41,$32+$/1*+,#:+#3$32"3$%#&,+")+$ 32+$ [("'%3L$ 14$ 32+$ (,-"#$ &1#.%3%1#)>$ 921)+$ )3,"3+/%&$ 0,%1,%3%+)$ 14$32+$0(-'%&$-1.%+)$#++.$31$41&()$1#$-(%'.%#/$0(-'%&\0,%*"3+$ ,+'"3%1#)2%0)$ "#.$ %#3+/,"3+$ 32+$ V21'+$ )1&%+3L$ %#$ 32+$ ,+#+V+.$ 0(-'%&$ .1:"%#>$ 92+L$ #++.$ 31$ -+$ %#3,1.(&+.$ %#$ 4(3(,+$ 01'%&L$ :"<%#/$"#.$)0"3%"'$0'"##%#/$14$32+$+#3%,+$&%3L$"#.$41,$32+$'1&"'$ #+%/2-1,211.)>

W#$ "''$ 14$ c1)1*1$ -(3$ +Q0'%&%3'L$ %#$ &"0%3"'$ M,%)23%#"H$ c1)1*1$ 5'\ -"#%"#)$)"V$32+$:",&2%#/$14$32+$a59X\'+.$cRXT$3,110)$hc1\ )1*1$ R1,&+i$ ")$ "#$ "&3$ 14$ '%-+,"3%1#>$ 5$ #+V'L$ 41(#.$ )+#)+$ 14$ 4,++.1:$ 1,$ %#.+0+#.+#&+$ V")$ 02L)%&"''L$ +Q0,+))+.$ %#$ "#$ %:\ :+.%"3+$:".#+))$14$&1#)3,(&3%1#$h;1&<'+,H$6!!Ai>$5#$+,(03%1#$ 14$&1#)3,(&3%1#$14$21()%#/$"#.$"0",3:+#3)$V")$"$+Q0,+))%1#$14$ 32"3$ )(..+#$ 4,++.1:>$ G+&1#.H$ 32+$ '1#/$ 100,+))%1#$ 14$ d(/1\ )'"*%"$"#.$G+,-%"$'"3+,$3,%//+,+.$"$'",/+$"&3$14$*%1'+#&+$"/"%#)3$ G+,-%"#$1,321.1Q$&2(,&2+)$"#.$:1#")3+,%+)$%#$c1)1*1>$W#$32+$ 0+,%1.$-+3V++#$7ZZZ$"#.$6!!EH$7BB$&('3(,"'$%#)3%3(3%1#)$V+,+$ .+)3,1L+.$-L$5'-"#%"#$"&3%*%)3)>$T%13)$%#$6!!E$-L$5'-"#%"#$211\ '%/"#)$ '+43$ :"#L$ .+".$ "#.$ %#Y(,+.$ G+,-)$ h;1&<'+,H$ 6!!Ai>$ 92+$ 01'%3%&"'$)%3("3%1#$V")$"')1$#13$1#+$32"3$V")$)0,+".%#/$)3"-%'%3L$ @6

housing shortage

international aid workers

construction boom

repatriated refugees

economic migrants 300.000

150.000

PRISHTINA 1999

PRISHTINA 2017

Fig. 20 Post Conflict challenges

%#2"-%3"#3)$ V%32$ )"*%#/)$ %#*+)3+.$ %#$ 21()%#/$ 41,$ 32+%,$ 4":%'%+)$ "#.$32+$#+V$:%/,"#3)$%#$21()%#/$%#$1,.+,$31$)3",3$"$#+V$'%4+$%#$ M,%)23%#">$92+$)1&%"''L$.%)".*"#3"/+.$1,$*('#+,"-'+$V+,+$'+43$31$ &10+$V%32$32+%,$0,1-'+:)$1#$32+%,$1V#>$91."LH$41,$+Q":0'+$1#'L$ "$2"#.4('$14$)1&%"'$0,1Y+&3)$"#.$21()%#/$%#%3%"3%*+)$",+$0,1*%.+.$ &1:%#/$4,1:$32+$/1*+,#:+#3>$W#$M,%)23%#"$32"3$&1:+)$.1V#$31$ 7ZC$"0",3:+#3)>

D&'$#28(%.;#%)28$6220$\$T"0%.$010('"3%1#$/,1V32$%#$&%3%+)$%)$ characteristic of post-conflict situations (Vockler, 2006). Migra\ tion flows towards cities and particularly to Prishtina include ,+0"3,%"3+.$ ,+4(/++)H$ ,(,"'$ 31$ (,-"#$ :1*+:+#3$ "#.$ +)3"-'%)2\ :+#3$14$32+$'",/+$%#3+,#"3%1#"'$&1::(#%3L$/+#+,"3+.$"$21()%#/$ shortage. In the conflict period over 200.000 refugees went 31$]+)3+,#$U(,10+$"#.$:(&2$&":+$-"&<$"43+,$32+$V",$.(+$31$ ,+*1<+.$ ")L'(:$ -L$ 21)3%#/$ &1(#3,%+)>$ ]2"3$ 32+L$ 41(#.$ V+,+$ .+)3,1L+.$*%''"/+)$"#.$31V#)$"#.$:"#L$.+&%.+.$31$:%/,"3+$31$ 32+$-%//+,$&%3%+)$V2%&2$2".$-++#$)"*+.$:1)3'L$.(,%#/$32+$V",$ "#.$",+$144+,%#/$-+33+,$0,1)0+&3)>$5''$32+)+$#+V$,+)%.+#3)$2".$ to find a way to settle in the city which led in situations to con\ flicts. The high demand for housing in the city accelerated the &1#)3,(&3%1#$14$-(%'.%#/)>$92+$,+)('3$V")$"$&1#)3,(&3%1#$-11:$ 31$21()+$"''$32+)+$#+V&1:+,)$%#$M,%)23%#">$92+$.%,+&3$"43+,:"32$ ,+/",.%#/$32+$/1*+,#:+#3$"#.$".:%#%)3,"3%*+$%#)3%3(3%1#)$V+,+$ (#"-'+$,+/('"3+$32+$.+*+'10:+#3$.(+$31$%#&"0"&%3%+)$"#.$V+,+$ .L)4(#&3%1#"'>$92%)$&1#)3,(&3%1#$-11:$V2%&2$0,1&++.+.$+*+#\ tually without permits and sufficient standards has resulted in a .,")3%&$&2"#/+$14$+Q%)3%#/$(,-"#$4"-,%&$14$M,%)23%#">$F('3%)31,L$ 21()%#/$ "0",3:+#3)$ 0100+.$ (0$ +*+,L$ ."L$ %#$ M,%)23%#"H$ ):"''$ 21()+)$ )(..+#'L$ .%)"00+",+.$ "#.$ :".+$ V"L$ 41,$ :"Q%:%e%#/$ )3,(&3(,"'$*1'(:+H$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$:(#%&%0"'$'"#.$V")$3"<+#$ 31$-(%'.$"#.$"3$:1:+#3)$32+$&%3L$Y()3$1#+$-%/$&1#)3,(&3%1#$)%3+>$ I#%[(+$ &1#)3,(&3%1#)$ -+3V++#$%#*+)31,)H$&1#)3,(&3%1#$ &1:0"\ #%+)$ "#.$ 0,10+,3L$ "#.$ '"#.$ 1V#+,)$ 31/+32+,$ .1:%#"3+.$ 32+$ &1#)3,(&3%1#$ )+&31,$ "#.$ ,"0%.'L$ (,-"#$ ",+")$ &2"#/+.>$ W#3+#3%\ ons were clear: maximizing profit from selling and renting out new property and investing those profits in new construction.

5)$c"%$;1&<'+,$:+#3%1#)H$32+$)01#3"#+1()H$(#&1#3,1''+.$(,-"#$ .+*+'10:+#3$V")$31$,+/('"3+$%3)+'4>$G+'4\,+/('"3%1#H$2+$V,%3+)H$ %)$+))+#3%"''L$.+3+,:%#+.$-L$+"&2$14$32+$%#.%*%.("'$0",3%+)$.+\ "'%#/$ V%32$ 1#+$ "#132+,$ %#$ &1#)3,(&3%1#)$ 0,1Y+&3)>$ 5''$ 32+)+$ %#\ 3+,+)3)$ .1$ #13$ .%,+&3'L$ )+,*+$ 32+$ %#3+,+)3)$ 14$ 32+$ )1&%+3L$ ")$ "$ V21'+>$92%)$%)$&'+",'L$)++#$%#$32+$313"'$#+/'+&3$14$0(-'%&$"44"%,)>$ W3$ %)$ :"%#'L$ '+.$ -L$ %#.%*%.("'$ %#3+,+)3)$ V2%&2$ 3+#.$ 31$ '+".$ 31$ conflicts with neighbors. The negative results are very obvious %#$",+")$V2+,+$32+$/1*+,#:+#3$)21('.$2"*+$%#3+,*+#+.$V%32$"&\ &(,"3+$0'"##%#/$"#.$,+/('"3%1#)$4,1:$32+$-+/%##%#/b$)(00'L%#/$ "$4(#&3%1#%#/$3+&2#%&"'$"#.$)1&%"'$%#4,")3,(&3(,+H$"#.$,+)+,*%#/$ "#.$ :"%#3"%#%#/$ 0(-'%&$ )0"&+$ "#.$ 0'"&+)$ 32"3$ )(001,3$ 0(-'%&$ ."%'L$'%4+>$ P1:0",%#/$&%3L$)%3("3%1#)$-+41,+$32+$V",$"#.$32+$,"0%.$.+*+\ '10:+#3$L+",)$"43+,$%#.%&"3+)$32"3$32+$1*+,-(%'.%#/$14$32+$&%3L$ "#.$+Q0+#.%#/$%#41,:"'$+./+)$2")$&2"#/+.$32+$",+"$41,$8Bo$ (Vรถckler, 2008, p. 39). It was not the actual conflict that chan\ ged the city but rather the post-conflict processes that led to .+)3,(&3%1#$ 14$ 32+$ 0'"&+$ h;p&<'+,H$ 6!!CH$ 0>$ E6i>$ W3$ V")$ "$ &1#3%\ #("3%1#$ 14$ 32+$ .+)3,(&3%1#$ 14$ 32+$ &%3L$ V2%&2$ 2".$ %3)$ 1,%/%#$ %#$ 32+$ d(/1)'"*%"#$ 0+,%1.$ V2+#$ 32+$ :1.+,#%)3%&$ &1#&+03)$ V+,+$ "00'%+.$ "#.$ 2%)31,%&$ 0'"&+)$ ")$ 32+$ 31V#$ -"e"",$ "#.$ ,+'%/%1()$ -(%'.%#/)$2".$31$:"<+$V"L$41,$#+V$%.+")>

F1#+L$V")$0,%:",%'L$%#*+)3+.$%#$32+$&1#)3,(&3%1#$)+&31,$"#.$%3$ )11#$-+&":+$32+$:1)3$%:01,3"#3$0",3$14$32+$+&1#1:L>$R(#.)$ 41,$ 32%)$ &":+$ 0",3%"''L$ 4,1:$ 32+$ %#3+,#"3%1#"'$ .1#1,)$ 1,$ 4,1:$ 32+$+)3%:"3+.$E!!>!!!$c1)1*1\5'-"#%"#$.%")01,">$T+'"3%*+)$14$ c1)1*1$ 5'-"#%"#)$ '%*%#/$ %#$ V+)3+,#$ &1(#3,%+)>$ 92"3$ +&1#1:L$ V")$ 31$ )2,%#<$ ")$ )11#$ ")$ 32+$ 21()%#/$ )21,3"/+$ V")$ .+&'%#%#/$ "#.$ 0'"#)$ 41,$ 132+,$ )+&31,)$ 14$ 32+$ +&1#1:L$ V+,+$ #13$ :".+>$ 91."LH$c1)1*1$2")$1#+$14$32+$'1V+)3$0+,$&"0%3"$%#&1:+)$%#$G1(\ 32\U")3+,#$U(,10+$h]1,'.$J"#<H$6!7Ei>$92%)$2")$'+.$31$"$V"*+$14$ +&1#1:%&$:%/,"#3)$31V",.)$]+)3+,#$U(,10+$hc1)1*1$G3"-%'%3L$ W#%3%"3%*+H$6!7Ei>

W3$%)$01))%-'+$31$%.+#3%4L$32,++$.%44+,+#3$.%,+&3%1#)$32+$.+*+'10\ ment after the war took. The specific circumstances and con\ .%3%1#)$ 14$ 32+$ .+*+'10:+#3)$ %)$ &'1)+'L$ ,+'"3+.$ 31$ 32+$ '1&"3%1#$ %#$ M,%)23%#">$ S%<+V%)+H$ 32+$ %:0"&3$ 32+$ .+*+'10:+#3)$ 2"*+$ 1#$ 32+$ (,-"#$ 4"-,%&$ 14$ 32+$ &%3L$ "#.$ %3)$ .%,+&3$ (,-"#$ +#*%,1#:+#3$ .+0+#.)$ 1#$ 32+$ '1&"3%1#>$ UQ0"#)%1#$ 14$ 32+$ &%3L$ 2"00+#+.$ 1#$ 32+$1(3)<%,3)$14$32+$(,-"#$",+">$W#$32%)$&")+H$%3$%)$:1)3'L$0,%*"3+$ 0",3%+)$ 32"3$ 1V#$ '"#.$ V2%&2$ V")$ ()+.$ 41,:+,'L$ ")$ "/,%&('3(,+$ '"#.>$ UQ%)3%#/$ 4":%'%+)$ .+*+'10+.$ 32+%,$ '"#.$ 41,$ 0+,)1#"'$ ()+$ 1,$ %#$ '%:%3+.$ &")+)$ )1'.$ 0",3)$ 14$ 32+%,$ '"#.>$ W#$ 32"3$ &")+H$ 32+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ V")$ )3%''$ %#$ ,+'"3%1#$ V%32$ 32+%,$ 1V#$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 14$ 32+$ '"#.>$ $ W#$ :1)3$ &")+)H$ 32%)$ )(-(,-"#$ .+*+'10:+#3$ ",+$ )%#/'+$4":%'L$21()+)>$S%:%3+.$&1::+,&%"'$-(%'.%#/)$2"*+$-++#$ -(%'.>$a+%/2-1,)$/+#+,"''L$<#1V$+"&2$132+,$"#.$1#'L$)01,".%&$

Everyone except the socially disadvantaged were able to profit "#.$-+$0",3$14$32+$&1#)3,(&3%1#$-11:$"#.$32+$,+"'\+)3"3+$)+&\ 31,>$P1#)3,(&3%1#$&1:0"#%+)H$'"#.$"#.$-(%'.%#/$1V#+,)H$41,+%/#$ %#*+)31,)H$)<%''+.$'"-1,+,)H$-(%'.+,)$1V#%#/$:"3+,%"')$V+,+$+#\ /"/+.$%#$32+$#+V$+&1#1:L$14$M,%)23%#">$J+)%.+)$32"3H$32+$'1&"'$ @@

Map of Prishtina

Informal & unregulated development 1999-2013

Extentions of the urban environment Private densification of the urban fabric Investors densification of the urban fabric Parasite development

Fig. 21 Unregulated development in Prishtina

@E

Fig. 22 Urban extentions

Fig. 23 Private densification

Fig. 24 Investors densification

Fig. 25 Urban parasites

conflicts have occurred. For those areas, no plans existed and )(00'L$14$-")%&$%#4,")3,(&3(,+$V")$#13$"*"%'"-'+>$M(-'%&$":+#%\ 3%+)$",+$/+#+,"''L$'"&<%#/H$)(&2$")$0(-'%&$3,"#)01,3$"#.$0"*+.$ ,1".)> 92%)$ 3L0+$ 14$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 2")$ +#'",/+.$ 32+$ -1(#.",%+)$ 14$ (,\ -"#$ M,%)23%#"$ .,")3%&"''L>$ S"3+,H$ V%32$ 32+$ )3,"3+/%&$ 0'"#)$ 32"3$ V+,+$ 41,:+.$ 32+)+$ ",+")$ V+,+$ .+)%/#+.$ ")$ (,-"#$ +Q3+#)%1#)$ V%32$1#'L$"0",3:+#3$-(%'.%#/)$14$E\7!$)31,%+)$"#.$.%.$#13$%#&'(\ .+$4":%'L$21:+)>

.+&,+")+$0(-'%&$)0"&+$"#.$)"4+$)3,++3$'%4+> 92+$ )+&1#.$ &")+$ %)$ :"Q%:%e%#/$ 32+$ 0,10+,3L$ (0$ 31$ %3)$ 0",&+'$ '%:%3)$-L$%#*+)31,)$V2%&2$",+$#13$0",3$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.$&1:\ munity. The intentions are only profit by maximizing its proper\ 3L$*"'(+$"#.$.1$#13$&",+$41,$0(-'%&$",+")$"#.$+Q%)3%#/$#+%/2-1\ ring properties. Generally, the ground floors can be used for commercial purposes while the upper floors are for office space 1,$ "0",3:+#3)>$ 92+)+$ -(%'.%#/)$ ",+$ :1,+$ 1,$ '+))$ "&&1,.%#/$ 31$ ITM`)H$%#&'(.%#/$"$0+,:%3H$-(3$32+L$)21V$'%:%3+.$&",+$41,$)1&%"'$ %#4,")3,(&3(,+H$"0",3:+#3$)%e+$"#.$)%.+V"'<)>

92+$)+&1#.$3L0+$14$.+*+'10:+#3$2"00+#+.$V%32%#$32+$&%3L$"#.$ densified the urban fabric enormously. Within this develop\ :+#3$ 32+,+$ ",+$ 3V1$ V"L)b$ +#'",/+:+#3$ 14$ -(%'.%#/)$ .1#+$ -L$ 32+$ 1V#+,$ 14$ 32+$ '"#.$ "#.$ +#'",/+:+#3$ 14$ -(%'.%#/)$ .1#+$ -L$ %#*+)31,)$32"3$-1(/23$32+$'"#.>$92+$0",&+')$2"*+$"',+".L$-++#$ .%*%.+.$%#31$):"''+,$0'13)$"#.$32+$",+")$",+$:1,+$"33,"&3%*+$.(+$ to existing infrastructure. The intention is to gain as much profit -L$:"Q%:%e%#/$-(%'.%#/)$(0$31$0'13$)%e+)>

The last type of development is urban densification on top and sides of existing building. The municipality was allowing flat ,114)$ 31$ &2"#/+$ %#31$ 0%3&2+.$ ,114)$ V%32$ "#$ +Q3+#)%1#$ 14$ 1#+$ floor. In practice, up to four floors have been added to buil\ .%#/)>$ G:"''$ +Q3+#)%1#)$ 1#$ )%.+)$ "#.$ -"'&1#%+)$ ",+$ 143+#$ %''+\ /"'$"#.$-(%'.$V%321(3$0+,:%3)>$92+)+$+Q3+#)%1#)$",+$/+#+,"''L$ :".+$ 1#$ 41,:+,$ G1&%"'%)3$ "0",3:+#3$ -'1&<)$ V2%&2$ 2"*+$ -++#$ 0,%*"3%e+.$.(,%#/$32+$3,"#)%3%1#$31V",.)$"$:",<+3$+&1#1:L>$92%)$ 41,:$ %)$ :1)3'L$ 0+,41,:+.$ 1#$ '",/+$ :1.+,#%)3%&$ 2%/2$ ,%)+$ -(%'\ .%#/)$%#$32+$)1(32$14$32+$&%3L>$

In the first case, the owner had a permit for a single-family house but extends this development up to 6-7 floors. It is "')1$ 01))%-'+$ 32"3$ :('3%0'+$ '"#.$ 1V#+,)$ V1,<$ 31/+32+,$ V2+#$ constructing a building. Eventually the final buildings exceed maximum gross floor size for the site and the number of floors aloud by the regulatory neighborhood plans. The ground floor is usually designed for commercial purposes. Conflicts arise be\ 3V++#$ 0,10+,3L$ 1V#+,)$ .(+$ 31$ -'1&<+.$ )(#'%/23$ "#.$ .%)3"#&+$ 31$ +Q%)3%#/$ 0,10+,3%+)>$ S"&<$ 14$ &",+$ 41,$ +Q%)3%#/$ (,-"#$ 4"-,%&)$ "#.$ 2%)31,%&"'$ .1$ #13$ +Q%)3$ "#.$ +Q3+#)%1#)$ 1#$ 0(-'%&$ /,1(#.)$

92+$&1,+$%))(+$*%)%-'+$%#$32+$-(%'.$+#*%,1#:+#3$31."L$%)$32+$#+\ /'+&3$14$%:01,3"#&+$,+'"3+.$31$-(%'.%#/$)3"#.",.)$"#.$,+/('"3%\ 1#)H$&1#&+,#%#/$32+$.+*+'10:+#3$"43+,$32+$V",>$92+$(#&1#3,1'\ '+.$(,-"#$.+*+'10:+#3$0+,:%33+.$'"#.1V#+,)$31$:"Q%:%e+$32+$ *"'(+$14$32+%,$'"#.$%#$%##+,$&%3L$",+")>$P'+",'L$%)$32+$%#.%*%.("'$ interests and conflict with one another and this eventually will "44+&3$0,10+,3L$*"'(+>$G+&1#.H$&",+$"#.$'"&<$31V",.)$32+$)3,++3H$ @B

!"#$%&'()*+)!&"(,$"-.

1400

1800

Ottoman Architecture

1900

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1960

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1970

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1980

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1990

2000

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Turbo Architecture Tu Internationalism Inte Non - vernacular or regional style

Kosovo War Kos

Fig. 26 Architecture timelime including contemporary free architecture

0(-'%&$ )0"&+)$ "#.$ 2%)31,%&$ *"'(+$ .%.$ #13$ +Q%)3>$ J(%'.%#/)$ 2"*+$ -++#$ &1#)3,(&3+.$ (0$ 31$ "#.$ 1*+,$ 32+$ 0'13$ '+*+'$ 3"<%#/$ )0"&+$ 4,1:$)3,++3)$"#.$)%.+V"'<)>$92+$)3,++3)$",+$"$&2"13%&$:%Q3(,+$14$ ()+)$"#.$32+$*",%+3L$14$4"&".+)$"#.$)0"&+)$%#$4,1#3$:"<+$32%)$"#$ undefined place. Within the city limits, self-regulation and un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

G,.Y"#$g1*"1*%&$]+%))$&"'')$%3H$&"#$-+$41(#.$+*+,LV2+,+$%#$32+$ V+)3+,#$ J"'<"#$ ,+/%1#)>$ _+$ &"'')$ %3$ "$ :%)2\:")2$ 14$ )3L'+)$ "#.$ ,+4+,+#&+)$31$^3,".%3%1#`$-(3$32"3$3,".%3%1#$&1:+)$4,1:$+')+V2+\ ,+$ #1V>$ W3$ %)$ %:%3"3%#/$ )3L'+)$ 14$ -(%'.%#/)$ )++#$ %#$ %#3+,#"3%1#"'$ :+.%"$%#$"$V"L$.+:1#)3,"3%#/$:1.+,#%3L$-(3$#13$32+$:1.+,#$ ",&2%3+&3(,+$32"3$c1)1*1$"#.$132+,$J"'<"#$,+/%1#)$+Q0+,%+#&+.$ %#$32+$0,+*%1()$&+#3(,L$.(,%#/$32+$G1&%"'%)3$d(/1)'"*%"$0+,%1.>$ W3$%)$"#$%#3+,#"3%1#"'$)3L'+$32"3$,+Y+&3)$+*+,L32%#/$32"3$%)$3,".%3%1#$ "#.$,+/%1#"'$",&2%3+&3(,+>$X'.$M,%)23%#"H$V2%&2$%)$3L0%&"''L$21(\ )%#/$2%)31,%&$21()+)$1,$)%#/'+\)31,L$21()+)$2"*+$:".+$V"L$41,$ overbuilt enormous high-rise office and commercial buildings.

5.103+.$)3L'+)$")$&'"))%&"'H$1,%+#3"'H$4,++\)3L'+$&1:%#/$4,1:$32+$ US, Dubai mixed with structures that have no specific style at "''$:"<+$32+$)3,++3)$14$M,%)23%#"$"$(#%[(+$0'"&+>$W3$%#&1,01,"3+)$ 210+$31$-+&1:+$0",3$14$32+$:1.+,#$V+)3+,#$&('3(,+$h;1&<'+,H$ 6!!A$0>$B6i>

92+$'")3$+'+:+#3$14$)+'4\,+/('"3%1#$"#.$(#&1#3,1''+.$.+*+'10\ :+#3$%)$:"L-+$+*+#$32+$:1)3$*%)%-'+$1#+b$32+$)3L'+$14$32+$-(%'\ .%#/)>$ 92+$ )3L'+$ 14$ -(%'.%#/)$ 32"3$ -+'1#/$ 31$ "#$ %#3+,#"3%1#"'$ (,-"#$ &('3(,+$ :",<+.$ -L$ :+.%"$ V2%&2$ 0,+)+#3+.$ $ 32+$ ^/11.$ '%4+`$ 4,1:$ "''$ 1*+,$ 32+$ V1,'.>$ 92+$ #+V$ ^9(,-1$ 5,&2%3+&3(,+`$ $ ")$

All these elements have changed the urban profile of the city. It %)$-")%&"''L$32+$.+,+/('"3+.$)%3("3%1#$32"3$,+)('3+.$%#$32+$%#41,\ :"'%e"3%1#$14$(,-"#$)0"&+>$ @A

Fig. 27 Strategic Plan 2020

Fig. 28 Urban development plan 2012-2020

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Failure of administrative plans - 92+$ (#,+/('"3+.$ .+*+'10\ :+#3$ "#.$ :"#L$ %''+/"'$ &1#)3,(&3%1#)$ V+,+$ "$ :"33+,$ 14$ 4"%'(,+$ 14$ ".:%#%)3,"3%*+$ 0'"#)$ "#.$ %#)3%3(3%1#"'$ %#&"0"&%3L>$ 92+$ &")+$ of Kosovo as a post-conflict situation had an extra dimension %#$ 32+$ 41,:$ 14$ "$ .L)4(#&3%1#"'$ "#.$ V+"<$ /1*+,#"#&+$ )L)3+:>$ K%,+&3'L$"43+,$32+$V",H$32+$%#3+,#"3%1#"'$&1::(#%3L$.+&%.+.$31$ 0'"&+$ c1)1*1$ (#.+,$ 32+$ &1#3,1'$ 14$ "$ 0,1*%)%1#"'$ %#3+,#"3%1#"'$ ".:%#%)3,"3%1#>$ ]%32$ 32+$ +)3"-'%)2:+#3$ 14$ 32+$ IaFWc$ hI#%3+.$ a"3%1#)$W#3+,%:$5.:%#%)3,"3%1#$F%))%1#$%#$c1)1*1i$"%:+.$"3$41\ ,+)++%#/$32+$#+V$#"3%1#$V%32$"$j3,"#)%3%1#"'$".:%#%)3,"3%1#$V2%\ '+$+)3"-'%)2%#/$"#.$1*+,)++%#/$32+$.+*+'10:+#3$14$0,1*%)%1#"'$ .+:1&,"3%&$)+'4\/1*+,#%#/$%#)3%3(3%1#)$31$+#)(,+$&1#.%3%1#)$41,$ "$0+"&+4('$"#.$#1,:"'$'%4+$41,$"''$%#2"-%3"#3)$14$c1)1*1k$hI#%\ 3+.$a"3%1#)$G+&(,%3L$P1(#&%'H$7ZZZi>$92+$&2"#/+$14$-+%#/$0",3$ 14$ d(/1)'"*%"$ "#.$ '"3+,$ G+,-%"$ ")$ "$ 0,1*%#&+$ 14$ "$ '",/+,$ )3"3+$ towards a new control of UN mission has been a difficult one.

W#$32+$d(/1)'"*%"#$0+,%1.H$32+$&%3L$V")$(#.+,$J+'/,".+$&1#3,1'$ "#.$0'"#)$V+,+$:".+$:1)3'L$1(3)%.+$c1)1*1>$543+,$32+$V",$32+$ G+,-%"#$+:0'1L++)$%#$:1)3$0",3)$14$32+$/1*+,#:+#3"'$%#)3%3(\ 3%1#)$'+43H$"$'",/+$%#&"0"&%3L$14$32+$%#)3%3(3%1#"'$)L)3+:$V")$32+$ ,+)('3>$ 92+$ :%))%1#$ 14$ 32+$ IaH$ "%:%#/$ "3$ /%*%#/$ 32+$ #+V$ )3"3+$ "$ 3,"#)%3%1#"'$ ".:%#%)3,"3%1#H$ V2+#$ %#$ 32+$ :+"#3%:+$ 0+,41,:$ &"0"&%3L$ -(%'.%#/$ 41,$ "$ 4(3(,+$ .+:1&,"3%&$ /1*+,#:+#3$ V2%&2$ would be self-sufficient in organizing the country, has been a &1:0'+Q$0,1&+))>$91/+32+,$V%32$32+$Ia$32+$XGPU$h1,/"#%e"3%1#$ 41,$G+&(,%3L$"#.$P1\10+,"3%1#$%#$U(,10+i$"#.$32+$UI$hU(,10+"#$ I#%1#i$32+$/1"'$V")$31$)3,(&3(,+$"$0,1*%)%1#"'$)+'4\/1*+,#:+#3$ hM,1*%)%1#"'$W#)3%3(3%1#)$14$G+'4\n1*+,#:+#3$r$MWGni>$5',+".L$%#$ 6!!6$+'+&3%1#)$32+$"(321,%3L$1*+,$32+$&1(#3,L$V")$3,"#)4+,,+.$31$ 32+$MWGn>$a+*+,32+'+))H$32+$IaFWc$)3"L+.$"#.$)3%''$2".$'13$14$ influence the years after.

5',+".L$ %#$ 6!!!H$ 32+$ .%,+&31,$ 14$ 32+$ 0'"##%#/$ "/+#&LH$ T+Q2+0$ S(&%$ ,+&1/#%e+.$ 32+$ )%3("3%1#$ ")$ 0,1-'+:"3%&$ "#.$ 3,%+.$ 31$ +)\ 3"-'%)2$ "$ .1&(:+#3$ 31$ ,+/('"3+$ 32+$ %''+/"'$ .+*+'10:+#3H$ ")$ "$ ,+"&3%1#$2+$V")$:(,.+,+.>$IaFWc$,+/('"3%1#$6!!!OB@$"&<#1V\ '+./+.$ 32%)$ %))(+$ -(3$ %#&"0"&%3%+)$ "#.$ 32+$ L+3$ #1#\1,/"#%e+.$ c1)1*1$01'%&+$41,&+$4"%'+.$%#$,+/('"3%#/$32+$%''+/"'$&1#)3,(&3%1#$ "#.$31$+#41,&+$-(%'.%#/$&1.+)$h;p&<'+,H$6!!CH$0>$E@i>$F1,+1*+,H$ plans had to be drawn first to establish a legal basis.

W#$ 32+$ 0+,%1.$ -+3V++#$ 7ZZZ$ "#.$ 6!!@$ 32+$ *"&((:$ 14$ )0"3%"'$ 0'"#)$"#.$'"V)$2")$-++#$.%)")3,1()$41,$32+$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3$ 14$ M,%)23%#">$ W3$ %)$ *+,L$ &'+",$ #1VH$ 32"3$ 0'"##%#/$ "#.$ /11.$ /1\ vernance after a conflict is essential. Irreversible situations now &,+"3+$+Q&+))%*+$0,1-'+:)$,+/",.%#/$32+$(,-"#$[("'%3L>$U*+#3(\ "''L$32+$jI,-"#$G3,"3+/%&$M'"#$6!6!k$V")$:".+$%#$6!!E$%#$Y()3$"$ 4+V$:1#32)>$5#$(#,+"'%)3%&$0'"#$-")+.$(01#$(#,+'%"-'+$%#41,:"\ 3%1#H$")$0,1*+.$-L$32+$U(,10+"#$G3"-%'%3L$W#%3%"3%*+$h6!!Ai$V2%&2$ :".+$ &'+",$ 32"3$ B!!>!!!$ %#2"-%3"#3)$ V")$ 3V%&+$ 32+$ ":1(#3$ '%*%#/$ %#$ M,%)23%#">$ 53$ 32+$ 01%#3$ V2+#$ 32%)$ 0'"#$ V")$ :".+H$ %3$ )21('.$ 2"*+$ 41&()+.$ 1#$ "&3("'$ )%3("3%1#)$ 32"3$ 2"00+#+.$ ,"\ 32+,$32"#$0,101)%#/$"$V1,'.'L$/,+"3$*%)%1#>$a1$)3,"3+/L$%#$32+$ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Strategic Planâ&#x20AC;? was specified regarding problems concerning .+)3,1L%#/$2%)31,%&$+'+:+#3)H$)"4+3L$14$-(%'.%#/)H$V"3+,$)(00'L$ "#.$ V")3+V"3+,$ %#4,")3,(&3(,+$ "#.$ )1&%"'$ 0,1-'+:)$ ,+'"3+.$ 31$ 32+$(#,+/('"3+.$.+*+'10:+#3> J")+.$ 1#$ 32+$ )3,"3+/%&$ 0'"#H$ V2%&2$ 2".$ #1$ '+/"'$ -%#.%#/$ "#.$ V")$ #13$ .+3"%'+.$ "3$ "''H$ ):"''+,$ ,+/('"31,L$ 0'"#)$ 41,$ .%44+,+#3$ #+%/2-1,211.)$ V+,+$ .+*+'10+.>$ J")+.$ 1#$ "$ V,1#/$ &+#)()$ "#.$%#.%*%.("''L$4,1:$+"&2$132+,H$32+L$V+,+$"$&1:0'+3+$4"%'(,+>$ R"%'(,+$.(+$31$"-)+#&+$14$"$F(#%&%0"'$K+*+'10:+#3$M'"#$hFKMi$ "#.$"#$I,-"#$K+*+'10:+#3$M'"#$hIKMi$V2%&2$V+,+$,+[(%,+.$"&\ &1,.%#/$31$32+$S"V$1#$G0"3%"'$M'"##%#/$h6!!@i>$G+&1#.H$.(+$31$ "-)+#&+$14$".:%#%)3,"3%*+$1,.%#"#&+)$"#.$"00,1*+.$&1#)3,(&\ tion regulations (Hasimja, 2012). These plans found difficulties 1#$32+$/,1(#.$V2+#$,+)+,*%#/$)0"&+$41,$0(-'%&$":+#%3%+)$"#.$ )0"&+)$41,$0(-'%&$'%4+>$J+)%.+)$32+$)3,++3)H$#1$'"#.$V")$1V#+.$ -L$ 32+$ :(#%&%0"'%3L$ 31$ /+#+,"3+$ 0(-'%&$ 4"&%'%3%+)>$ a1$ ,+"'$ 0(\ -'%&$ )3"#.",.)$ V+,+$ %#&'(.+.$ %#$ 32+$ 0'"#)$ "#.$ -+)%.+)$ 32"3H$ implementation of public projects had difficulties, related to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

92+$+Q%)3%#/$.+*+'10:+#3$0'"#)$."3%#/$4,1:$32+$d(/1)'"*$0+\ ,%1.$ V+,+$ +Q%)3%#/$ 1#$ 0"0+,$ -(3$ '+43$ '",/+'L$ ")%.+$ .(,%#/$ 32%)$ 0+,%1.>$ 92+$ ,+'+")+$ 4,1:$ 32+$ d(/1)'"*%"#$ .1:%#"3%1#$ :".+$ those plans insufficient. A vacuum of a period with no planning %#)3,(:+#3$%#$&2",/+$"#.$)1H$#1$'+/"'$-%#.%#/$.1&(:+#3$/"*+$ 4,++.1:$ 31$ 0,10+,3L$ .+*+'10+,)$ %#$ 32+$ V%.+)3$ )+#)+$ 14$ 32+$ V1,.>$53$32"3$3%:+H$%3$V")$#13$+*+#$01))%-'+$31$/+3$"$0+,:%3$41,$ "$ .+*+'10:+#3>$ G+&1#.H$ 0,10+,3L$ 1V#+,)2%0$ V%32%#$ M,%)23%#"$ had many difficulties caused by unclear legal status of property.

W3$V")$#13$"$&()31:$41,$-(%'.%#/$V%321(3$'+/"'$-%#.%#/)$%#$32+$ G1&%"'%)3$0+,%1.$-(3$&"()+.$-L$32+$)%3("3%1#$"#.$32+$%#&,+")%#/$ 21()%#/$#++.H$32"3$0+10'+$V+#3$32+%,$1V#$V"L>$W''+/"'$.+*+'10\ :+#3$ V")$ 0,+)+#3$ -+41,+$ 32+$ V",$ -(3$ V")$ '%:%3+.$ 31$ -(%'.%#/$ 1#+$"#.$3V1\)31,L$21()+)$")$1001)+.$31$:('3%$)31,L$"0",3:+#3$ -(%'.%#/)$"43+,$7ZZZ>$_1()+)$V+,+$3"<+#$1*+,$"43+,$32+$V",$%#\ &'(.%#/$&%3L$0,10+,3L>$K+*+'10:+#3$%#$32+$&%3L$-1(#.",%+)$"#.$ 1*+,$32+$+./+)$V+#3$1#$V%321(3$,+/('"3%1#$"#.$2".$)1'+'L$+&1\ #1:%&$4"&31,)$"#.$0,%*"3+$%#3+,+)3)> @8

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1992

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New system of voluntary planning â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;social self-management planningâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; - communication & coordination of different bodies at all levels by agreements and commitments - no hierarchical approval system

Planning Documents - Regulations - Detailed plans

Planning Documents - Top down Master Plan as goal - Formulations (landuse) - Regulatory and Detailed plans - bottom-up driven (5y)

Period 1974 - 1990

Planning Activities Decentralized - Provincial level / local planning - spatial planning at the provincial government level - municipal and urban planning - regulatory & detailed urban planning

Planning Documents

Central Planning - Serb (topdown control) - Exclusion of Albanian process - (planning activities o towards the goals of not linking with the r - superficial

Planning Documen

- Land use plans - Development scenar - Regulative plans

- Spatial Plan Kosovo - Regional spatial plans - General urban plans - Regulatory plans - Detailed urban plans

Fig. 29 Kosovo and Planning since 1946

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92+)+$0,1&+))+)$&1#3%#(+.$(#3%'$32+$S"V$%#$6!7@$&":+$32"3$0(3$ "$21'.$1#$32+)+$&1#)3,(&3%1#)>$W#$"$3%:+4,":+$14$7@$L+",)$:1,+$ 1,$'+))$32+,+$V")$#1$,+/('"3%1#$"#.$)3"#.",.)$1#$&1#)3,(&3%1#>$ 92+$ S"V$ 1#$ '+/"'%e"3%1#$ %)$ :".+$ "#.$ V%''$ '+/"'%e+$ "':1)3$ "''$ %''+/"'$-(%'.%#/)$-(%'.$"43+,$32+$V",>$92+$S"V$0,1*%.+)$'1V$)3"#\ .",.)$"#.$.1+)$#13$.+:"#.$".Y()3:+#3$14$-(%'.%#/)$%#$1,.+,$ 31$ %#&,+")+$ )3,++3H$ )(#$ "#.$ "%,H$ )"4+3L$ 0,1-'+:)$ ,+'"3+.$ 31$ 32+$ -(%'.%#/)>$ 92+$ &2"''+#/+$ #1V$ %)$ 21V$ 31$ 0,1&++.$ 4(,32+,$ V%32$ 32+$0,1&+))+)$%#$32+$-(%'.$+#*%,1#:+#3$32"3$+Q%)3>$ 92+$ %#3+,#"3%1#"'$ &1::(#%3L$ 2")$ "')1$ .1#+$ %3)$ -%3H$ :1)3'L$ '+.$ -L$ Ia\_5JW959>$ W#$ c1)1*1H$ Ia\_5JW959$ ,"#$ )(&&+))%*+$ 0,1\ /,":)$ 32"3$ 41&()+.$ 1#$ %#)3%3(3%1#"'$ ,+41,:$ "#.$ &"0"&%3L\-(%'\ @C

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1999

2000

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Reconstruction & emergency acitivities â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;shelter programsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; - Limited regulatory planning activities

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Democrized central - local planning

1999 - 2002

Planning Activities

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Planning Documents Applicible planning law from 1987 and limited respect for made plans

Period 2002 - 2012

Planning Activities

Period

Decentralized - Central & local planning - strategic planning at the central level - municipal & urban planning - regulatory planning

Planning Activities

Planning Documents Central level: - Spatial plan of Kosovo - Spatial plans for special areas Local level: - Municipal Dev. Plan - Urban Dev. Plan - Regulatory Plans

2012 -

Decentralized planning process - centrally approved plans - strategic planning at central level - municipal planning, zoning - land use plans, regulatory planning

Planning Documents Central level: - Spatial plan of Kosovo - Zoning map, spatial plans for special areas Local Level: - Municipal Dev. Plan - Zoning map - Detailed Reg. Plan

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The second expert on post-conflict development is Gert Jun\ #+$h6!77q$6!!BiH$M,14+))1,$"3$32+$I#%*+,)%3L$14$5:)3+,.":>$_+$ +Q0'"%#)$ 32"3$ 32+$ 41&()$ 41,$ 32+$ (,-"#$ .+*+'10:+#3$ )21('.$ -+$ "%:+.$"3$4"&%'%3"3%#/$32+$)1&%+3L$%#$1,.+,$31$&,+"3+$)1&%"'$&12+)%\ 1#>$92+$.+*+'10:+#3$0,1&+))$%#$32+$"43+,:"32$%)$&2","&3+,%e+.$ -L$"$:"%#'L$0,%*"3+$.+*+'10:+#3$V%32$"#$%#.%*%.("'$0+,)0+&3%*+$ %#$:%#.H$32%)$%)$.(+$31$01'%3%&"'$,+\+)3"-'%)2:+#3$14$32+$/1*+,#\ :+#3"'$%#)3%3(3%1#)$V2%&2$2"*+$-++#$)+*+,+'L$.":"/+.>$g(##+$ h6!77i$:"<+)$&'+",$32"3$32+$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3$)21('.$,+41&()$ 1#$32+$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#$32"3$&"#$-+$&2"##+'+.$V%32$0)L&2%&"'$ 0'"&+:+#3$ 14$ -(%'.%#/)$ "#.$ )0"&+)>$ ]2%&2$ :+"#)$ 32"3$ )0"3%"'$ 0'"##%#/$ 1#$ 32+$ ):"''$ )&"'+$ 2")$ "$ '13$ 31$ .1$ V%32$ 32+$ 0'"##%#/$ 0,1&+))H$"'321(/2$#13$"'V"L)$.%,+&3'L$2")$"$*%)%-'+$02L)%&"'$4+\ ature. Besides that, in the spatial organization of post-conflict ",+")$ 0(-'%&$ )0"&+)$ "#.$ -(%'.%#/)$ ",+$ 143+#$ '"&<%#/$ %#$ (,-"#$ areas in the aftermath of a conflict. Rebuilding and construction 3"<+)$)0"&+)$32"3$-+41,+$V+,+$()+.$-L$32+$0(-'%&$"#.$V+,+$0",3$ 14$ 32+$ )1&%"'$ %#4,")3,(&3(,+$ 14$ 32+$ &%3L>$ 5$ 4+V$ 14$ 2%)$ *%)%1#)$ 1#$ the urban landscape of a post-conflict area are concrete spatial %.+")> $ F"<+$0'"&+)$"."03"-'+$\$5$:1,+$:('3%0(,01)+$14$-(%'.%#/)$",+$ (,/+#3$%#$1,.+,$31$"."03$31$32+$&2"#/%#/$)1&%+3L$"#.$)21('.$-+$ 0(3$1#$32+$"/+#."$14$1,/"#%e"3%1#)$%#*1'*+.$%#$)(001,3%#/$&%\ ties after conflict. The character of an urban area in contempo\ ,",L$41,:H$%)$32+$,"0%.$&2"#/%#/$14$0,%1,%3%+)$"#.$#++.)H$V2%&2$ need to be accommodated. A flexible use of new buildings and )0"&+)$&1#)3,(&3+.$%)$%#$1,.+,> K+)3,(&3%1#$01))%-%'%3%+)$\$92+$.+)3,(&3%1#$32"3$2")$3"<+#$0'"&+$ "')1$/%*+)$01))%-%'%3%+)$41,$#+V$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$V2+,+$0+10'+$&"#$ %#3+,"&3>$G++$32+$"'3+,+.$'"#.)&"0+$")$"#$1001,3(#%3L$41,$4(3(,+$ new social systems and cherish places that at first sight seem difficult to change.

F('3%'"L+,$%#&'()%*+$#+3V1,<$\$92+$:('3%'"L+,$+:-+..+.#+))$14$ (,-"#$"#.$)0"3%"'$0'"##%#/$%)$#+&+))",L$31$-,%#/$31/+32+,$ 32+$ %#.%*%.("'$+441,3)$14$"&31,)$"#.$%.+"')>$W#&'(.+$32+$&2"#/+.$:('\ 3%&('3(,"'$)1&%+3L$%#31$32+$.%44+,+#3$'"L+,)$14$32+$(,-"#$)L)3+:>

92%)$ .+*+'10:+#3H$ V2%&2$ U.V",.$ S(33V"<$ &"''$ ^9(,-1$ P"0%3"\ '%):`H$ &"#$ -+$ &2","&3+,%e+.$ -L$ "$ 3L0+$ 14$ &"0%3"'%)3$ +&1#1:%&)$ aiming for pure efficiency and maximum profit on a global sca\ '+>$ 92+$ .+,+/('"3%1#$ &1,,+)01#.)$ 31$ 32+$ ,%)%#/$ +:+,/+#&+$ 14$ ‘informality,’ happening specifically in the labor sector, which "."03)$31$#+V$&1#.%3%1#)>$ W#$32+$.%,+&3$"43+,:"32$"#.$'")3%#/$(#3%'$32+$/1*+,#:+#3"'$.+\ &%)%1#$31$)310$"''$&1#)3,(&3%1#$%#$6!7@H$32+$&1#)3,(&3%1#$)+&31,$ gave a majority of the Kosovars a chance to achieve financial /"%#>$92+$.+&%)%1#$%#$6!7@$2")$%#&,+")+.$32+$#(:-+,$14$(#+:\ 0'1L:+#3$ V2%&2$ ,1)+$ 31V",.)$ @Bo$ "#.$ +*+#$ (0$ 31$ A!o$ V%32$ L1(#/$".('3)$h]1,'.$J"#<H$6!!!\6!7EH$Ia\2"-%3"3H$6!7Ai>$92%)$ %)$"$)+,%1()$%))(+$"#.$+&1#1:%&$:%/,"3%1#$%)$*+,L$0,+)+#3$32+)+$ ."L)$ hRUGH$ 6!7Bi>$ W#$ 32"3$ &")+H$ %3$ -+&1:+)$ "$ :1,"'$ 310%&H$ %:\ 0,1*%#/$)%3("3%1#)$%#$32+$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3$1,$%/#1,+$"#.$'+3$ &1#)3,(&3%1#)$&1#3%#(+$V2%&2$/%*+$+:0'1L:+#3$31$"$'",/+$0",3$ 14$)1&%+3L> Public aversion / lack of care \$ 92+$ )%3("3%1#$ ,+/",.%#/$ 32+$ (,-"#$ &1#.%3%1#)$ %#$ "..%3%1#$ 31$ 32+$ 0,+*%1()'L$ :+#3%1#+.$ post-conflict processes and situations is also socially embed\ .+.$ %#$ 32+$ )L)3+:>$ W#$ 1,.+,$ 41,$ 0'"##%#/$ 0,1&+))$ "#.$ 01'%&%+)$ 31$ "&2%+*+$ 01)%3%*+$ 1(3&1:+$ 32+L$ #++.$ 31$ -+$ "."03+.$ 31$ 32+$ specific social context. This social context: the behavior of peo\ 0'+$V%32%#$32+$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3H$32+$)1&%"'$"#.$&1::(#"'$,+)\ 01#)%-%'%3L$%)$V1,32$:+#3%1#%#/>$92+$'",/+'L$%#.%*%.("'$0,1&+)\ )+)$")$1001)+.$31$"$0,1&+))$32"3$%#&1,01,"3+)$32+$)1&%+3L$")$"$ V21'+H$-(3$:"%#'L$32+$"33%3(.+$31V",.)$32+$0(-'%&$1,$&1::(#"'$ %)$%#2+,%3+.$4,1:$32+$0+,%1.$%#$32+$7ZZ!)>$92+$0+,%1.$-+3V++#$ 7ZZ7$"#.$7ZZZH$G+,-%"$&1#.(&3+.$"#$"':1)3$.%&3"31,%"'$,+/%:+>$ 92%)$&1#3"%#+.$)3,%&3$,('+)$"#.$,+)3,%&3%1#)$41,$"''$c1)1*1\5'-"\ #%"#)$,+/",.%#/$32+$0+,41,:"#&+$%#$32+$0(-'%&$)+&31,>$W#$"#$%#\ 3+,*%+V$V%32$U'%e"$_1Q2"H$3+"&2+,$"3$32+$I#%*+,)%3L$14$M,%)23%#"H$ )2+$+Q0'"%#)$32+$)%3("3%1#$)2+$"#.$2+,$4":%'L$"#.$V%32$2+,$:"#L$ 132+,)$+Q0+,%+#&+.$%#$32"3$0+,%1.>

E!

STRENGTHS

Young cosmopolitan population Entrepreneurial spirit & variation of buissines Rich cultural background Unique urban landscape Adaption to transitions

WEAKNESSES

Mobility of the society Unemployment rate Lack of environmental protection Unstructured streetproďŹ les§ Public Policies

01.

Governmental Integration & Co-operation

02.

Public Accessibility

03.

Community & Society Interplay renewed public focus 04.

Environmental & Cultural facilitation

Geographical walkability Possibilities in renewal of public grounds Attraction of the urban core New networks of local economy

OPPORTUNITIES

05.

Knowledge & Economic Stimulation

Social hertiage Unstable public government Untransparent policy making Uncorrect population census Public care and social behaviour

06.

Historical and contemporary Identity

THREATS

Fig. 30 SWOT- results

Fig. 31 The renewed public policy

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14$"''$)1&%"'$/,1(0)$%)$.+)%,+.> 02.03.

Governmental 05.

Public Accessibility Community & Society Interplay Integration & Co-operation Knowledge & Economic Stimulation Community & Society interplay In a drastically changed social situation and 01. a recent conflict Governmental renewed:1,+$ public/,1(0)$ focus .+:"#.)$ %#3+,*+#%#/$ %#$ -+3V++#$ 1,.+,$ 31$ :"<+$ Integration & Co-operation 02. "$0'"#$31$:1*+$41,V",.>$UQ3+#)%*+$0,1/,":)$)21('.$"'V"L)$-+$ 03.

Public 04.Accessibility 0",3$ 14$ 01'%&L$ %#$ )(&2$ )%3("3%1#)>$ G3,+#/32+#%#/$ 32+$ 14$Society Interplay 01.

Community 06. )+#)+$ & Environmental & Cultural facilitation &1::(#%3L$"#.$32+$4++'%#/$14$-+'1#/%#/$%)$(,/+#3>$92+$%#.%*%\ Governmental Historical and contemporary Identity .("'$.+*+'10:+#3$2")$.+&,+")+.$32%)$%))(+>$G3%:('"3%1#$14$3,%\ Integration & Co-operation 02. "#/('"3%1#$1#$"$&,1))\#+%/2-1,211.$'+*+'$-(3$")$V+''$1#$):"'\ renewed public focus Public Accessibility '+,$)&"'+)$&"#$+#2"#&+$"$:('3%\)1&%"'$&1::(#%3L>$ 03.

04.

Community & Society Interplay 05.

02.

Environmental & Cultural facilitation Environmental Cultural facilitation Knowledge &&Economic Stimulation Public 5&&+))$ 31$ 2+"'32L\#1#\-(%'.$ ",+")$ )(&2$ ")$ 0",<)$ "#.$Accessibility /",.+#)$ 03. renewed public focus V%32%#$32+$(,-"#$4"-,%&$&"#$/%*+$"$)+#)+$14$4,++$-,+"32%#/>$UQ%)\ Community & Society Interplay 3%#/$0'"&+)$#++.$,+*%3"'%e"3%1#$"#.$4(,32+,$32+$+Q3+#)%1#$14$321\ )+$)0"&+$V%32%#$32+$4"-,%&>$92+$&1:0+#)"3%1#$14$32+$1*+,-(%'.$ 04.

05.31$ &,+"3+$ "$ "#.$ )1'%.$ /,1(#.)$ Environmental & Cultural facilitation 06. renewed public focus #++.$ 31$ -+$ "..,+))+.$ %#$ 1,.+,$ 03.

Knowledge & Economic Stimulation '%*"-'+$ 4"-,%&>$ X#$ &('3(,"'$ /,1(#.)H$ :1,+$ )0"&+$ %)$Historical %#$ 1,.+,$ 31$ contemporary Community &and Society Interplay Identity 0+,41,:$32+$)1&%+3%+)$"))+3)$"#.$2%)31,L>$a+V$"&3%*%3%+)$&"#$+#\ 04. ,%&2$32+$'1&"'$'%4+> Environmental & Cultural facilitation renewed public focus 05.

Knowledge & economic stimulation 06.

Knowledge & Economic Stimulation 04.

W#$1#+$14$32+$011,+)3$&1(#3,%+)$14$U(,10+H$32+$+&1#1:L$1#$32+$ Historical and contemporary Identity Environmental ):"''+)3$ )&"'+$ #++.$ 31$ -+$ )(001,3+.>$ J+)%.+)$ 32"3H$ 32+$ (0&1\& Cultural facilitation 05. :%#/$V1,<41,&+$#++.$31$-+$0,+0",+.$41,$32+$0,14+))%1#"'$'%4+>$ & Economic Stimulation G(001,3%#/$ 32+$ %#41,:"'$ "#.$ :%&,1$ +&1#1:L$Knowledge -L$ <#1V'+./+H$ )0"&+)$"#.$#+3V1,<)$&"#$+#2"#&+$32+$0(-'%&$'%*"-%'%3L>$P1\V1,\ 06. <%#/$ 0'"&+)$ "#.$ )3(.+#3\0,14+))%1#"'$ #+3V1,<)$05. &"#$ )3%:('"3+$ Historical and contemporary Identity #+%/2-1,211.$+&1#1:%+)> Knowledge & Economic Stimulation 06.

Historical & future Identity Historical and contemporary Identity ]%32$ 32+$ )+*+,"'$ 3,"#)%3%1#)$ 1*+,$ 32+$ L+",)`$ %.+#3%3L$ %)$ "$ 0,1\ blem. The image of post-conflict places is not attracting most 14$ 32+$ 010('"3%1#>$ 5$ ,+#+V+.$ 32%#<%#/$ "#.$ :",<+3%#/$ 14$ 32+$ 06. (#%[(+$ (,-"#$ '"#.)&"0+$ "#.$ '%4+$ &"#$ 3,"#)41,:$ 32+$ #+/"3%*+$ Historical and contemporary Identity *%+V$14$32+)+$'1&"3%1#)>$J+)%.+)$32"3H$%3$&,+"3+)$"$)+#)+$14$-+\ '1#/%#/$31$"$0'"&+$V2%&2$32+L$",+$0,1(.$14>$92+$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$ "#.$ '%4+$ &"#$ )2"0+$ "$ #+V$ 0(-'%&$ .1:"%#$ "#.$ %3)$ ,+&1/#%e"-'+$ '+*+'>$T+0+3%3%1#$14$+'+:+#3)H$-")%&$)2"0+)$"#.$&1'1,)$"#.$&'+",$ *%)%1#$&"#$"33,"&3$+*+,L-1.L$V%32%#$32+$0,1&+))> 92+)+$A$32+:+)$V%''$/(%.+$32+$.+*+'10:+#3$14$32+$.+)%/#$"#.$ V%''$-+$3,"#)'"3+.$%#31$"$)0"3%"'$"/+#."$V2%&2$&"#$-+$%:0'+:+#\ 3+.$V%32%#$32+$#+%/2-1,211.> Fig. 32 Developed strategic themes

E6

Require quality of public space

Passive optional activities

Acitve optional activities

Improvement of public space Disregard quality of public space Car invasion Necessary activities 1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

General line of development of Public Life in Europe Estimated developent of Public Life in Kosovo

Fig. 33 Development of public life since 1880 "."03+.$4,1:$a+V$PW3L$S%4+H$hn+2'H$6!!Ai

4.2 PUBLIC THEORY

V")$41,$&+#3(,%+)$%#$32+$2%)31,%&$&%3%+)$hn+2'$N$G*",,+H$6!7@i>$ K(,%#/$32+$C!`)$"#.$Z!`)H$32+$)3(.%+)$-+&":+$"$)3,"3+/%&$ 311'$V2+#$h,+i.+*+'10%#/$&%3%+)>$U*+#$321(/2H$32+$,%)+$14$32+$ %#.%*%.("'$",&2%3+&3$"#.$%3)$%&1#%&$-(%'.%#/)$'+43$32+$)0"&+$ -+3V++#$32+$-(%'.%#/)$(#31(&2+.H$%#$"$#(:-+,$14$&%3%+)$0(-'%&$ )0"&+$0'"##%#/$V")$#1V$0",3$14$32+$&%3%+)$01'%&%+)>$M,+)+#3$ ."LH$)3(.%+)$14$0(-'%&$'%4+$",+$+))+#3%"'$%#$0'"##%#/$/11.$&%3%+)>$ W#&'(.%#/$.%,+&3'L$32+$&%3%e+#)$%#$0,1Y+&3)$31."LH$-,%#/)$32+$0(\ -'%&$'%4+$)3(.%+)$&'1)+,$31$32+$)1&%+3LH$V2+#$32+L$",+$%#*1'*+.$%#$ 32+$3,"#)41,:"3%1#$0,1&+))>$]%32$:1,+$0+10'+$'%*%#/$%#$&%3%+)H$ <#1V'+./+$"-1(3$32+$'%4+$"#.$%#3+,"&3%1#)$V%32$)0"&+$%#$&%3%+)$ %)$0,%1,%3L$%#$:"<%#/$/11.$'%*%#/$0'"&+)$41,$+*+,L1#+H$+)0+&%"'\ 'L$%#$32+$.+*+'10%#/$&1(#3,%+)$hn+2'$N$T1/+,)H$6!7@i>

Renewed public policy? - Post-conflict development pro\ &+))+)$%#$32+$-(%'.$+#*%,1#:+#3$)21V$"$&'+",$#+/'+&3$41,$32+$ 0(-'%&$.1:"%#$"#.$/11.$0'"##%#/$%#)3,(:+#3)$41,$+)3"-'%)\ 2%#/$)1&%"'$%#4,")3,(&3(,+$"#.$0(-'%&$)+,*%&+)>$921)+$&%3%+)$ and specific certain neighborhoods, exposed to unregulated developments with solely economic reasons, show difficult )%3("3%1#)$%#$(,-"#$'%*%#/$+#*%,1#:+#3>$92%)$,"%)+)$32+$[(+)3%1#$ 14$21V$31$%:0'+:+#3$"#.$V2%&2$[("'%3%+)$"$,+#+V+.$)1&%"'$ %#4,")3,(&3(,+$)21('.$2"*+$31$&10+$V%32$1#/1%#/$.+*+'10:+#3$ 0,1&+))+)f$G3,"3+/%+)$&1#&+,#%#/$32+$0(-'%&$'%4+$&1#&+03)$&"#$ 0(3$+:02")%)$1#$32+$%:01,3"#&+$14$32+$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#$"#.$ %3)$0,1)0+&3)$41,$"$#+%/2-1,211.$"#.$32+$'",/+,$&%3L>$92()H$ 32+$:"%#$"%:$14$32%)$&2"03+,$%)$31$%#*+)3%/"3+$32+$013+#3%"'$14$ the “public life” concepts in post-conflict urban design. It is a )+",&2$%#31$"00'%&"-%'%3L$14$32+$&1#&+03)H$V2%&2$",+$"%:+.$"3$ %:0,1*%#/$[("'%3L$14$(,-"#$'%*%#/H$")$"$.,%*%#/$41,&+$%#$,+-(%'\ ding a cohesive sense in a dense post conflict area.

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X*+,$3%:+$.%44+,+#3$:+"#%#/)$"#.$310%&)$2"*+$Y1%#+.$32+$ )&10+$14$32+$0(-'%&$'%4+$)3(.%+)>$a+V$&%,&(:)3"#&+)$"#.$ &2"#/%#/$2(:"#$0,%1,%3%+)$2"*+$+#'",/+.$32+$#13%1#$.(+$31$ %#&,+")+.$&",$.+0+#.+#&LH$#+V$3+&2#1'1/%+)H$*",%+3%+)$14$ &('3(,"'$10%#%1#)$"#.$(,-"#$:%/,"3%1#>$W3$2")$"'V"L)$-++#$32+$ "%:$41,$0(-'%&$'%4+$)3(.%+)$31$:"<+$#13%1#$14$32+$%:01,3"#&+$ 14$32+$)3(.L$14$2(:"#$-+2"*%1,$")$%:01,3"#3$")$)3(.L$02L)%&"'$ urban environment (Gehl & Svarre, 2013, p. 13). The first to :"#%4+)3$2+,)+'4$"#.$2+,$-+'%+*+)$V")$g"#+$g"&1-)$h7ZA7i>$_+,$ 0,13+)3$"/"%#)3$32+$.+&,+")%#/$'%4+$14$2(:"#)$&"()+.$-L$32+$ &",$"#.$%3)$"&&+))%-%'%3L$32,1(/21(3$32+$&%3LH$(#%3+.$"$'13$14$*1%\ &+)$%#$a+V$d1,<$P%3L>$_+,$V,%33+#$:"#%4+)3H$32+$.+"32$"#.$'%4+$ 14$/,+"3$5:+,%&"#$&%3%+)$h7ZA7iH$:".+$&'+",$%#$V2%&2$%#2(:"#+$ &%,&(:)3"#&+)$0'"&+)$V2+,+$&2"#/%#/>$G%#&+$32+#$2+,$*%)%1#)$ V+,+$()+.$")$4(#.":+#3$31$:"#L$132+,$,+)+",&2+,)$%#3+,+)3+.$ %#$0(-'%&$'%4+$32,1(/21(3$32+$L+",)> 92+$0(-'%&$'%4+$#13%1#$2")$"$V%.+$*",%+3L$14$310%&)$"#.$ &1#&+03)>$5&&1,.%#/$31$32+1,LH$4(#.":+#3"'$+'+:+#3)$",+$ %#3+,"&3%1#$h5'+Q"#.+,H$7Z88q$n+2'H$7ZC8q$g>$g"&1-)H$7ZA7q$ G+##+33H$7Z88q$]2L3+H$7ZC!-iH$.%*+,)%3L$14$4(#&3%1#)$"#.$ )0"&+)$h500'+L",.H$7ZC7q$5>$J>$g"&1-)H$7ZCBq$g>$g"&1-)H$7ZA7q$ F",&()$N$R,"#&%)H$7ZZ!iH$2(:"#$)&"'+$hn+2'H$7ZC8q$g>$g"&1-)H$ 7ZA7q$9%--"'.)H$6!!6i$H$.+#)%3L$14$010('"3%1#$h500'+L",.$N$ g"&1-)H$7ZC6q$g>$g"&1-)H$7ZA7i$H$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#$hn+2'H$7ZC8q$ g>$g"&1-)H$7ZA7q$MMGH$6!!!i$H$"&3%*%3%+)$N$()+)$hn+2'H$7ZC8q$ 9%--"'.)H$6!!6iH$&%3%e+#)$+#/"/+:+#3$h500'+L",.$N$g"&1-)H$ 7ZC6q$g>$g"&1-)H$7ZA7q$MMGH$6!!!i>$g(./%#/$32+$'+*+'$14$[("'%3L$ 14$0(-'%&$'%4+$14$"$#+%/2-1,211.H$%)$'11<%#/$&,%3%&"'$"3$32+$)3"3+$ "#.$)%3("3%1#$14$32+$2(:"#$-+%#/$%#$,+'"3%1#$31$)0"&+$"#.$ -(%'.%#/)>$5,+$&%3%e+#)$"-'+$31$0+,41,:$"#.$"&3$#"3(,"''L$"#.$ feeling the comfort that they usually find in private domains.

Since the 1960’s the field of public life studies started to .+*+'10$&,%3%&"'$+'+:+#3)$41,$/11.$2(:"#$'%4+$%#$&%3%+)>$92+$ -+/%##%#/$V+,+$)3"3+:+#3)$14$&,%3%&)$1#$32+$*",%+3L$14$(#\ 2(:"#$V"L)$32+$&%3L$V")$+*1'*%#/$"#.$0,+)+#3%#/$32+$41&()$ 01%#3)$32"3$V1('.$'+".$31$-+33+,$2(:"#$'%4+>$92%)$V")$32+$)3",3$ 14$32+$0(-'%&$'%4+$)3(.%+)$V%32$V1,<)$14$g"#+$g"&1-)H$g"#$n+2'H$ P2,%)3102+,$5'+Q"#.+,$"#.$]%'%":$_>$]2L3+$[(+)3%1#%#/$V2"3$ V")$#++.+.$31$%#3,1.(&+$'%4+$%#$32+$#+V$#+%/2-1,211.)$")$ E@

@E

@B

@A

Fig. 34 Attractive spaces, City Park 5.)(&%)8/ M2131$-L$"(321, Fig. 35 & 36 Jane Jacobs ideals are alive

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j92+$W.+1'1/%&"''L$&2",/+.$:1#(:+#3"'%3L$14$32+$&+#3,"'$ )[(",+)H$.+&1,"3+.$41,$32+$0,10+,$j&+'+-,"3%1#)k$14$32+$P1:\ :(#%)3$M",3L`)$/'1,%1()$'+".+,)2%0H$)311.$%#$)3",<$&1#3,")3$V%32$ 32+$"-(#."#&+$14$.+)1'"3+H$(#<+:03H$"#.$(#.%44+,+#3%"3+.$ 10+#$)0"&+$&2","&3+,%e%#/$32+$:"Y1,%3L$14$32+$(,-"#$'"#.)\ &"0+$%#$32+$)1&%"'%)3$&%3L>$I#.+,$32+)+$&%,&(:)3"#&+)H$)1&%"'$ %#3+,"&3%1#$,+:"%#+.$32+$1#'L$*%"-'+$4(#&3%1#$14$0(-'%&$)0"&+k$ hG3"#%'1*H$6!!8i 92+$0(-'%&$)0"&+$V")$"$&1#3,1''+.$)0"&+$.(,%#/$32+$G1&%"'%)3$ 3%:+>$M(-'%&$/"32+,%#/)$"#.$"&3%*%3%+)$32"3$V1('.$)0+"<$"-1(3$ %3+:)$#13$%#$'%#+$V%32$32+$G1&%"'%)3$G1&%+3L$V+,+$#13$"''1V+.>$ a1$4,++.1:$14$)0++&2$"#.$1(3%#/)$"/"%#)3$32+$)3"3+$&1('.$ 2"00+#$%#$0(-'%&$)0"&+>$S"3+,$%#$32+$)1&%"'%)3$)3"3+H$0(-'%&$ )0"&+)$V+,+$()+.$41,$0(-'%&$.+:1#)3,"3%1#)$"/"%#)3$:1)3'L$ 32+$/1*+,#:+#3>$W#$M,%)23%#"$"'1#+H$'",/+$.+:1#)3,"3%1#)$V+,+$ %#$7ZC7H7ZC6H$7ZCCH7ZCZH7ZZ!$hnY%#1''%H$6!7Bi>$ 92+$0+,%1.$-+3V++#$7ZZ!$"#.$32+$V",$%#$7ZZZ$V")$"$0",3%&('",$ difficult one. The Serbian government used an authoritarian V"L$14$,('%#/$%#$G+,-%"#$'"#.)>$W#$c1)1*1$32%)$&":+$.1V#$31$ 32+$-"#%)2%#/$14$5'-"#%"#)$4,1:$"''$%#)3%3(3%1#)$"#.$-L$:"<%#/$ "''$32+$)1&%"''L$1V#+.$&1:0"#%+)$)3"3+$1V#+.$'",/+$#(:-+,)$ -+&":+$(#+:0'1L+.>$W#$32%)$0+,%1.H$5'-"#%"#$'%4+$2"00+\ #+.$%#$32+$0,%*"3+$0,+:%)+)H$%#&'(.%#/$)&211')H$."L&",+H$"#.$ :+.%&"'$)+,*%&+>$92+$0(-'%&$'%4+$&2"#/+.$'1&"3%1#H$"#.$V")$ :1)3'L$2"00+#%#/$%#)%.+$0+10'+`)$21()+)$"#.$&"4v`)$1V#+.$-L$ 5'-"#%"#)>$92%)$,+)('3+.$%#$"#$"*+,)%1#$31$32+$0(-'%&'L$1V#+.$ )3,++3)$"#.$)0"&+)$"#.$"$)3",3$14$"$#+V$V"L$14$0(-'%&$'%4+>$ 91."LH$32%)$,+)('3)$%#$"$/,+"3$&('3(,+$",1(#.$&144++$"#.$32+$&14\ 4++21()+$")$"$0'"&+$41,$"''$)1,3)$14$/"32+,%#/)>$W#$32%)$0+,%1.H$ 32+$'%:%3+.$&1#)3,(&3%1#$32"3$2"00+#+.$V")$1#$0,%*"3+$'"#.)H$ %#$32+$41,:$14$):"''$+Q3+#)%1#)$1#$0,%*"3+$'"#.$41,$-()%#+))+)$ hnY%#1''%H$6!7Bi>$W#$"$V"LH$31."L$32%)$"*+,)%1#$%)$)3%''$2"00+#%#/>$ 92+$'"&<$14$&",+$41,$32+$0(-'%&$)0"&+$)++:)$'%<+$"$.+)&+#3$ 4,1:$32+$%.+"$32"3$%3$%)$)3"3+$1V#+.$"#.$#1$,+)01#)%-%'%3L$41,$%3$ %)$#++.+.>$ G%#&+$32+$V",$+#.+.$"$#+V$3,"#)%3%1#$0+,%1.$)3",3+.H$V2+,+")$ 3,"#)%3%1#$%#$32+1,L$%)$:1)3'L$"$01'%3%&"'$32%#/H$%#$c1)1*1$32%)$ %#&'(.+)$"')1$+&1#1:%&H$)1&%"'$"#.$3,"#)41,:"3%1#)$14$(,-"#$ :1,021'1/L$hnY%#1''%H$6!7Bi>$92+$#"3(,+$14$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$ "43+,$G1&%"'%):$%)$3,"#)41,:%#/$4(#&3%1#"''L$"#.$)1&%"''L>$92+$ new market economy has introduced a new energy reflecting &'+",'L$%#$32+$0,%*"3+$%#%3%"3%*+)$%#$32+$(,-"#$4"-,%&$"#.$0(-'%&$ )0"&+>$W#$)1:+$&")+)H$&1::+,&%"'%e"3%1#$14$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$V")$ %#$4"*1,$14$32+$0(-'%&$%#3+,+)3$-(3$:1)3'L$32+$0,%*"3%e"3%1#$2")$ #13$-++#$/11.$41,$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$%#$/+#+,"'>$5&&1,.%#/$31$c%,%'$ G3"#%'1*$h6!!8iH$32+$&2"#/+)$%#$01)3\)1&%"'%)3$3,"#)41,:"3%1#$ 14$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$",+$2",:+.$"#.$)(44+,%#/$.(+$31$0,%*"3%e"3%\ 1#$"#.$&1::+,&%"'%e"3%1#>$92+$3,"#)41,:"3%1#$14$)3,++3)$"#.$ 0(-'%&$01'%&%+)$2")$#13$-++#$01)%3%*+$41,$32+$0(-'%&$)0"&+)>$

W#$32+$G1&%"'%)3$&1(#3,%+)H$'",/+$0",3)$14$32+$(,-"#$'"#.$V")$ 0(-'%&'L$1V#+.>$92+$)3"3+$V")$32+$1V#+,$14$)3,++3)H$-(%'.%#/)$ "#.$4"&%'%3%+)>$92+$0(-'%&$)0"&+$%#$G1&%"'%)3$&1(#3,%+)$2")$ /,+"3$,"#/+$14$'"#.$%#$0(-'%&$()+H$.%44+,+#3$)0"&+$.%)3,%-(3%1#$ "#.$#+3V1,<)$"#.$132+,$4(#&3%1#"'$.%:+#)%1#H$")$1001)+.$ 31$V+)3+,#$U(,10+"#$0(-'%&$)0"&+$hG3"#%'1*H$6!!8i>$W#$1,.+,$ 31$.+*+'10$)3,++3)$"#.$0(-'%&$)0"&+)H$+Q0,10,%"3%1#$14$'"#.$ 2"00+#+.$%#$32+$#":+$14$32+$0(-'%&$#++.$hnY%#1''%H$6!7Bi>$ W#)3%3(3%1#"'$-(%'.%#/)H$1#$0(-'%&$'"#.H$4"&+.$32+$10+#$)0"&+)>$ 5$)3,1#/$'%#<$-+3V++#$32+$0(-'%&$'%4+$"#.$32+$/1*+,#:+#3$V")$ EE

Fig. 37 Limited public spaces in the city

W#$32+$&")+$14$c1)1*1H$32%)$2")$#13$2"00+#+.$%#$32"3$+Q3+#3H$ "'321(/2$#1$0'"##%#/$,+/('"3%1#)$"#.$'"V)$1#$)0"3%"'$0'"##%#/$ give definitions to public space (Gjinolli, 2015). In this way, se\ '+&3+.$#+%/2-1,211.)$)(44+,$32+$":1(#3$14$10+#$)0"&+$.(+$31$ #1$,+/('"3%1#)H$)3"#.",.)$"#.$0(-'%&$,%/23)H$V2%&2$%)$#13$%#$'%#+$ with the EU regulation that defines what public space means hU(,10+"#$P1::%))%1#H$6!!@i>

%)$#+&+))",L>$G+&1#.H$+Q0'1,"3%1#$14$&1#3+:01,",L$+32%&"'$ *%+V)$"#.$0")3$*%)%1#)$14$"*+,)%1#$31$32+$^0(-'%&`$",+$%#$1,.+,>$ P,+"3%#/$[("'%3L$)0"&+)$"#.$0(-'%&$-1.%+)$%#$0,1*%.%#/$)3,++3$ '%4+$&"#$1#'L$-+$"$)(&&+))$)31,L$%4$"$,+#+V+.$&1::(#"'$)+#)+$ %)$41,:+.$"#.$"$/+#+,"'$"V",+#+))$14$32+$,+)01#)%-%'%3%+)$")$ "#$(,-"#$&%3%e+#>$92%,.H$"00,1"&2%#/$32+$310%&$4,1:$"$0(-'%&$ '%4+$)3(.%+)$&1#&+03H$&"#$0(3$+:02")%)$1#$,+*%+V%#/$32+$(,-"#$ situation from a different angle. Reflecting the strengths and V+"<#+))$14$32+$(,-"#$",+"$"/"%#)3$32+$0(-'%&$'%4+$&1#&+03)$ "#.$%3)$&1,,+)01#.%#/$0,10+,3%+)$0,1*%.+)$"$&1:0'+3+'L$#+V$ *%+V$1#$32+$"&3%1#)$31$3"<+>$S")3H$"#.$:1)3$%:01,3"#3$%)$.1#`3$ (#.+,+)3%:"3+$32+$+Q%)3%#/$0(-'%&$-1.%+)$"#.$32+%,$)3,+#/32)>$ In difficult times, human beings are the most innovative and &,+"3%*+$%#$1,.+,$31$41,+)++$32+%,$#++.)$%#$'%4+>$92+$0,%*"3+$0(\ -'%&$'%4+$32"3$+Q%)3+.$%#$32+$L+",)$-+41,+$32+$V",H$0+10'+$&":+$ (0$V%32$&,+"3%*+$%.+")$31$'%*+$"$'%4+$")$#1,:"'$")$01))%-'+>

5)$+Q0'1,+.$%#$32%)$&2"03+,H$32+$)3"3+$14$4"&%'%3"3%1#$14$32+$ 0(-'%&$'%4+$h4"&%'%3%+)H$)0"&+)H$"&&+))%-%'%3LH$[("'%3LH$%#*1'*+:+#3i$ is largely overlooked in the aftermath of the conflict. Even 321(/2H$#+V$01'%3%&"'$"00,1"&2+)$",+$"%:+.$"3$%:0,1*+:+#3H$ 32+$02L)%&"'$)%3("3%1#$%#$.,":"3%&$)%3("3%1#)$:"<+)$32%)$%:0,1\ *+:+#3$"$/,+"3$&2"''+#/+>$R%,)3H$")$U)32+,$P2",'+)V1,32$h6!!8i$ 01%#3)$1(3H$%3$%)$:1,+$32"#$Y()3$0,1*%.%#/$#+V$)0"&+)$41,$0(-'%&$ '%4+H$%3$%)$32+$0,1&+))$31V",.)$32+)+$#+V$)0"&+)$32"3$#++.)$"$ .%44+,+#3$41&()>$W#$1,.+,$31$&,+"3+$[("'%3L$)0"&+)H$&1''"-1,"\ 3%1#H$&1#)('3"3%1#$"#.$)21V&")%#/$01))%-%'%3%+)$31$32+$0(-'%&$ EB

Fig. 38 Dodona neighborhood situation, 1961 )1(,&+b$M1+3%&$F+:1,%+)$14$M,%)23%#"H$6!!Z

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Fig. 39,40,41,42 Dodona neighborhood in 1961 )1(,&+b$M1+3%&$F+:1,%+)$14$M,%)23%#"H$6!!Z

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b$M1+3%&$ :+:1,%+)$ 14$ M,%)23%#"$ ",+$ )21V%#/$ K1.1#"$ #+%/2-1,211.$ %#$ 7ZA7>$I#0"*+.$)3,++3)H$,+'%/%1()$-(%'.%#/)H$*+,#"&('",$",&2%3+&\ 3(,+$ -(3$ :1)3'L$ "$ [(%+3$ "3:1)02+,+>$ 92+)+$ %:"/+)$ ",+$ 31."L$ "':1)3$.%)"00+",+.$"#.$1#'L$"$2"#.4('$14$32+)+$-(%'.%#/)$2")$ survived the process of development after the conflict. The nar\ ,1V$)3,++3)$,+:"%#$%#$32+$&1#3+:01,",L$)%3("3%1#$-(3$V+,+$-(%'3$ 41,$32+$"-1*+$)3,++3)&"0+>

History of Dodona - ]%32%#$ 32+$ X331:"#$ 0+,%1.$ 32+$ &%3L$ 14$ M,%)23%#"$ +Q0+,%+#&+.$ "$ #"3(,"'$ 1,/"#%&$ /,1V32H$ '%<+$ )1$ :"#L$ 2%)31,%&$ &%3%+)$ %#$ U(,10+>$ 92%)$ 0+,%1.$ +#.+.$ %#$ 7Z76>$ 5,1(#.$ 32+$ %:01,3"#3$ -(%'.%#/)$ '%<+$ 32+$ :1)[(+H$ -"3221()+$ "#.$ -"\ e",$32+$)+33'+:+#3$.+*+'10+.>$92+$/,"#.$:1)[(+$14$M,%)23%#"$ '1&"3+.$1#$+")3$&1,#+,$14$32+$41,:+,$-"e",H$41,:)$32+$#1,32+,#$ -1,.+,$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$M",3)$14$32"3$-"e",$V+,+$'1&"3+.$%#$ K1.1#"$-(3$.(,%#/$32+$A!`)$:1.+,#%e"3%1#$32+$-"e",$2")$-++#$ .+)3,1L+.>$92+$3+,,"%#$14$32+$-"e",$0",3$%#$32+$#1,32\V+)3$&1,\ #+,$ 14$ K1.1#"$ %)$ #1V$ "#$ +:03L$ )0"&+$ ()+.$ 41,$ 0",<%#/>$ 92+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 14$ K1.1#"$ &1##+&3+.$ 32+$ 2%)31,%&$ &+#3+,$ %#$ 32+$ #1,32$V%32$32+$)1(32+,#$*%''"/+)$14$32+$&%3L>$X#$c+':+#.%$)3,++3H$ in the heart of the neighborhood the largest river flowed, which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

Fig. 43 Dodona, Prishtina

EC

Fig. 44 Dodona neighborhood Urban Regulatory Plan, 2006 F(#%&%0"'%3L$14$M,%)23%#"H$6!!A

/,++#+,L$ "#.$ 3,++)$ :"<+$ %3$ "$ 213$ ",+"$ V%321(3$ 0'"&+)$ 14$ )2"\ .%#/$ %#$ 32+$ )(::+,>$ G[(",+)H$ 0",<)H$ 4,1#3$ L",.)H$ 0'"e"`)H$ &'+",$ sidewalks make it difficult to spend time in the neighborhood V2%&2$%)$#13$0",3$14$#+&+))",L$"&3%*%3%+)>$92+$&144++21()+)$"#.$ %3)$&('3(,+$",+"$0",3$14$32+$/+#+,"'$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$31."L>$P'+",$ 0'"##%#/$)L)3+:)$"#.$/11.$0(-'%&$/1*+,#"#&+$2")$-++#$'%:%\ 3+.$%#$32+$0")3$L+",)$")$&"#$-+$)++#$%#$132+,$#+%/2-1,211.)$14$ Prishtina. Difficult situations have emerged due to the historical '"L1(3$14$32+$)3,++3)$V2%&2$2"*+$#13$-++#$.+*+'10+.$"#.$&2"#\ ged in order to provide adequate access and safe traffic flows.

Pedestrians have many difficulties walking properly through the #+%/2-1,211.>

Dodona and post conflict development processes - 91."LH$ 1#'L$'%:%3+.$2%)31,%&$[("'%3%+)$14$32+$1'.$#+%/2-1,211.$&"#$-+$ )++#>$ 92+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 0,1&+))+)$ .%.$ &2"#/+$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,\ 211.$&1:0'+3+'L>$X&&")%1#"''L$L1($&"#$2"*+$"$/'%:0)+$14$32+$ 1'.$21()+)$V%32%#$32+$-'1&<)$-+2%#.$2%/2$,%)+$"0",3:+#3$-(%'\ .%#/)>$92+$2+",3$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.H$c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

X001)%3+$14$32+$011,$&1#.%3%1#)$14$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#H$"*"%'"-'+$ 0(-'%&$)0"&+)H$/,++#+,L$"#.$#"3(,"'$+'+:+#3)H$/11.$"&&+))$"#.$ V"'<"-%'%3L$ 14$ K1.1#"H$ %)$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$ '%4+>$ U*+#$ 321(/2$ )0"&+)$ .1$#13$:++3$32+$-")%&$[("'%3L$'+*+')H$'%4+$%)$-()3'%#/>$]%32$ 32+$ availability of diverse shops, offices and restaurants, Dodona is "#$"33,"&3%*+$",+"$41,$*%)%3%#/$"#.$'%*%#/>$5$2%/2$*",%+3L$14$.V+'\ '%#/)$144+,$)0"&+$31$'%*+$41,$0+10'+$41,$*",%1()$-"&</,1(#.)>$

543+,$32+$V",H$K1.1#"$")$&+#3,"'$",+"$+Q0+,%+#&+.$"$'",/+$%#\ &1:+$14$0+10'+$"#.$:"#L$.+*+'10:+#3)>$92+$41,:+,$&('3(,"'$ :%Q+.$#+%/2-1,211.$%)$#1V$1#'L$%#2"-%3+.$-L$'%:%3+.$#(:-+,)$ of minority groups. Those groups that could not profit from the new building economy. The densification process and con\ )3,(&3%1#$ -11:$ %)$ 31."L$ +Q0+,%+#&+.$ ")$ "$ V%'.$ *",%+3L$ 14$ ",\ &2%3+&3(,+$ )3L'+)H$ 1*+,-(%'.$ 0'13)H$ '"&<%#/$ )(#'%/23$ 31$ ):"''+,$ 21()+)H$ .":"/+.$ 0"*+:+#3)H$ V%'.$ 0",<%#/$ 14$ &",)H$ 1&&(0%+.$ public property, safety situations, low electricity wires, difficul\ ties for disabled people, many properties for rent, unfinished &1#)3,(&3%1#)$"#.$"-"#.1#+.$-(%'.%#/)>$92+$V21'+$#+%/2-1,\ 211.$&"##13$-+$/%*+$32+$'"-+'$"33,"&3%*+$")$"$0'"&+$"#.$'%*"-'+$ )0"&+>$K+)0%3+$32"3H$32+$#+%/2-1,211.$2")$"$,%&2$-()%#+))$"#.$ &1::+,&%"'$ .%:+#)%1#>$ F"#L$ .%44+,+#3$ )210)$ "#.$ &1:0"#%+)$ ",+$-")+.$%#$K1.1#"$")$V+''$")$:('3%0'+$:1)[(+)H$)&211')H$32+\ "3+,)>$P144++21()+)$"#.$):"''$,+)3"(,"#3)$&1:0'+3+$32+$0,%*"\ te sector of ground floors. Public services and organizations ",+$ '"&<%#/>$ 5$ #+%/2-1,211.$ -(%'.%#/$ 1,$ &1::(#%3L$ ",+"$ %)$ #13$"*"%'"-'+>$F1)3$)3,%<%#/$%)$32+$0'"&+$V2+,+$&2%'.,+#$2"*+$31$ 0'"L$"#.$1#$V2%&2$-+#&2$32+$+'.+,'L$&"#$2"*+$,+)3>$92+$'%:%3+.$

R%/>$EE$)21V)$32+$(,-"#$,+/('"31,L$0'"#$14$6!!A>$W3$V")$:".+$ %#$"43+,$32+$)3,"3+/%&$(,-"#$0'"#$14$6!!E>$5)$:+#3%1#+.$-+41,+H$ 32"3$0'"#$&1#)%)3+.$:1)3'L$(310%"#$%.+")$"#.$4"%'+.$%#$144+,%#/$ )1'(3%1#)$31$32+$0,1-'+:)$"#.$&2"''+#/+)$"3$32"3$3%:+>$],%3%#/$ a spatial plan on local scales is difficult if there are no quality /(%.+'%#+)$144+,+.$-L$0'"##%#/$".:%#%)3,"3%1#$"#.$(,-"#$0'"#)>$ 92+$,+/('"31,L$0'"#$.%.$"&<#1V'+./+$32+$0,+))%#/$)%3("3%1#$,+\ /",.%#/$32+$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$4"&%'%3%+)$-(3$.%.$#13$&,+"3+.$"#L$ )1'(3%1#$31$32+$0,1-'+:>$92+$0'"#$V")$1#'L$)21V%#/$32+$(,-"#$ )%3("3%1#$"3$32"3$3%:+> W#$ 32+$ 41''1V%#/$ 0"/+)H$ 32+$ "#"'L)%)$ 14$ K1.1#"$ %)$ .+)&,%-+.>$ 92+$:"0)$14$32+$02L)%&"'$+#*%,1#:+#3$e11:$%#$1#$.%44+,+#3$31\ 0%&)$32"3$3,L$31$+Q0'"%#$32+$,"0%.'L$&2"#/+.$(,-"#$)%3("3%1#>$W#$ "..%3%1#H$32+$.+*+'10:+#3$%)$&1:0",+.$V%32$32+$,+:"%#%#/$0(\ -'%&$/,1(#.)$"#.$'%:%3+.$+&1'1/%&"'$'+*+'$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>

EZ

Historical Building Development Heritage Pre-1999 development Demolished 1999 - 2013

Figure 45 Historic buildings and houses Pre-War build

Historic & pre-war building development \$ K1.1#"$ 2")$ /,1V#$2%)31,%&"''L$")$)1(32+,#$+Q3+#)%1#$14$32+$2%)31,%&$&+#3+,>$ P(,*+.$)3,++3)$"#.$"''+L)H$1#+\)31,L\0%3&2+.$,114$21()+)H$"#.$ %#)3%3(3%1#"'$ "#.$ /1*+,#:+#3"'$ -(%'.%#/)$ V+,+$ 32+$ '",/+)3$ ,+\ 0,+)+#3$ K1.1#"`)$ 2%)31,%&"'$ -"&</,1(#.>$ 92+$ :"0$ )21V)$ 32"3$ "#$+)3%:"3+.$6@!$-(%'.%#/)$2"*+$.%)"00+",+.$)%#&+$32+$+#.$14$ 32+$V",>$92%)$&1(#3)$41,$"':1)3$B!o$14$32+$313"'$0,+\V",$21()%#/$ "#.$-(%'.%#/)>$92+$:%..'+$",+"$&2"#/+.$:1)3$*%)%-'+$%#$3+,:)$ 14$ .+)3,1L+.$ -(%'.%#/)>$ 92+$ #1,32\V+)3$ &1,#+,$ .%)0'"L)$ 32+$ .+)3,1L+.$0",3$14$K1.1#"`)$0",3$14$32+$X331:"#$0+,%1.$J"e",> F1,+$31V",.)$32+$+")3$)%.+$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.H$)3,++3)$2"*+$

0",3'L$ )"*+.$ 32+%,$ %:"/+$ 14$ -(%'.%#/)>$ 92+$ :%))%#/$ +'+:+#3$ %)$ 32+$+Q"&3$'1&"3%1#$14$2%)31,%&$21()+)H$32+$0+,%1.$V%32%#$32+$G1\ &%"'%)3$ 3%:+H$ "$ V"*+$ 14$ :1.+,#%):$ "',+".L$ &2"#/+.$ #+%/2-1,\ 211.)$"#.$32+%,$2%)31,%&$%:"/+>$G%:%'",$31$32+$#+V$&+#3+,$"#.$ -1('+*",.$F132+,$92+,+)"H$V2%&2$%)$"$&+#3,"'$",+"$-(%'.$%#$32+$ B!`)$"#.$A!`)>$]"'<%#/$32,1(/2$K1.1#"H$%::+.%"3+'L$)21V)$%3)$ ,".%&"'$ &2"#/+$ -(3$ 32+$ 2%)31,%&$ -(%'.%#/)$ &"#$ -+$ )++#$ +*+,L\ V2+,+$%#$-+3V++#>$92+$:1)3'L$011,$&1#.%3%1#)$")<$41,$"$:(#%\ &%0"'$)3,"3+/L$%#$1,.+,$#13$31$'1)+$32+$,+:"%#%#/$0,+\V",$-(%'\ .%#/)$V%32$2%)31,%&$*"'(+>$92+$+32#1/,"02%&$:()+(:$%)$"$/11.$ +Q":0'+$14$3,"#)41,:%#/$2%)31,%&"'$-(%'.%#/)$%#$"$0(-'%&$0'"&+> B!

Post-ConďŹ&#x201A;ict Building Development Heritage Pre-1999 development 1999 - 2006 development Post - 2006 development 2013 - under construction

Figure 46 Building development process after the conflict, Dodona

Post-war building development \$92+$&2"#/+$31V",.)$"$4,++$ market economy and the migration flows that pressured all #+%/2-1,211.)$%#$M,%)23%#"$,+'"3+.$31$#+V$&1#)3,(&3%1#>$K1.1\ #"H$.(+$%3)$&+#3,"'$'1&"3%1#H$0,%*"3%e+.$0",&+')$"#.$'",/+$&2"#/+$ %#$+32#%&$010('"3%1#H$V")$"44+&3+.$")$1#+$14$32+$:1)3$)+*+,+'L>$ 92+$:"0$%#.%&"3+)$-(%'.%#/$.+*+'10:+#3$.%,+&3'L$"43+,$32+$V",H$ .+*+'10:+#3$%#$32+$)+&1#.$0+,%1.$"#.$32+$1#/1%#/$&1#)3,(&\ 3%1#$ (#3%'$ 32+$ 21'.$ %#$ 6!7@>$ 92%)$ &2"#/+$ 14$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 2")$ .,")3%&"''L$3,"#)41,:+.$32+$(,-"#$4"-,%&$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$ Buildings on plots have been maximized, floors have been ad\ .+.$V%321(3$0+,:%3H$32+$)'10+$.+:"#.)$):"''$)3"%,)$V2%&2$143+#$

",+$0'"&+.$1#$0(-'%&$/,1(#.)H$)(#'%/23$2")$-++#$3"<+#$"V"L$41,$ #+%/2-1,%#/$0'13)H$0'13)$2"*+$-++#$&1##+&3+.$31$-(%'.$'",/+,$ property, mixture of international styles and unfinished facades ",+$%#3+,+)3%#/$-(3$&1#4()%#/H$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$)%.+V"'<)$2"*+$ .%)"00+",+.H$V+"<$&1#.%3%1#$1,$4(''L$0",<+.$.(,%#/$32+$."L$-L$ *%)%31,)>$5''$:"<+$"$&2"13%&$)3,++3)&"0+$"#.$"$*+,L$&,1V.+.$"#.$ .+#)+$)%3("3%1#>$92+$+",'%+,$:+#3%1#+.$#",,1V$2%)31,%&"'$)3,++3)$ do not have the capacity for this type of densification. The #(:-+,$14$&",)$()+.$V%32%#$32+$&%3L$%)$0(33%#/$0,+))(,+$1#$32+$ )"4+3L$"#.$[("'%3L$14$32+$)3,++3)>$92%)$%)$0",3%&('",$&,%3%&"'$,+'"3+.$ 31$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$V2%&2$&'+",'L$.1$#13$+Q%)3$"#L:1,+$%#$K1.1#"> B7

Build number of stories 1 + pitched roof 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

+650 Geographical heights

+600

North

+620

+610

+630

+640

Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 47 Build and Geographical heights

Stories build in Dodona \$92+$+Q&+))%*+$.+*+'10:+#3$14$32+$ post-conflict years have changed Dodona from a pitched single )31,L$"#.$):"''$:1.+,#$21()%#/$#+%/2-1,211.$%#31$"$2%/2$,%)+$ ,+)%.+#3%"'$ ",+"$ V%32$ :"#L$ :1,+$ 0+10'+$ '%*%#/$ 32+#$ -+41,+>$ W3$ %)$+")L$31$%.+#3%4L$32+$",+")$V%32$'1V$,%)+$21()%#/H$V2%&2$2"*+$ <+03$32+%,$)1,3$14$%.+#3%3L>$X32+,$",+")$)21V$&'+",$:+.%(:$)%e+$ "#.$2%/2$,%)+$.+*+'10:+#3>$921)+$.+*+'10:+#3$2"*+$+:+,/+.$ in between the pre-conflict development but there are areas V%32$ "':1)3$ #+V$ .+*+'10:+#3>$ J+)%.+)$ 32+)+$ #+V$ .+*+'10\ ment, which has up to eleven floors, it is also the size of the .+*+'10:+#3>$ F('3%0'+$ 0",&+')$ 2"*+$ -++#$ &1:-%#+.$ %#$ 1,.+,$

31$.+*+'10$"$'",/+,$-(%'.%#/H$)1:+3%:+)$%#$)3,"#/+$41,:)$"#.$ )%3("3%1#)>$ 92+$ )'10+$ 14$ 32+$ 2%''$ 1#$ V2%&2$ K1.1#"$ %)$ '1&"3+.$$ demands specific solutions for the entrance of properties. The )'10+$ "3$ )1:+$ 01%#3)$ %)$ (0$ 31$ C:$ 2+%/23$ .%44+,+#&+$ 1#$ 7!!:$ '+#/32>$I0$31$32+$#1,32$32%)$)'10+$.+&,+")+)$"#.$(0$31$32+$+")3$ %3$%#&,+")+)$V%32%#$32+$P%3L$M",<>

B6

Public spaces and parks greenery & sidewalks

Public parks Private & Institutional gardens Undefined green space Pedestrian spaces Childerns playground

12/34 ()*+,-.*/ $

# $ -0

%$ $ -0

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 48 Public space and green areas

Public grounds of Dodona \$ K1.1#"$ %)$ "$ *+,L$ .+#)+$ #+%/\ 2-1,211.$ "#.$ &+#3,"''L$ '1&"3+.$ %#$ 32+$ &%3L>$ W3)$ 0(-'%&$ .1:"%#$ "#.$ )0"&+)$ .1$ )3,+3&2$ 4(,32+,$ 32+#$ Y()3$ 32+%,$ 1V#$ %#2"-%3"#3)>$ 92+$:"0)$)21V)$&'+",'L$32+$'%:%3+.$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$'"&<%#/$ /,++#+,L$ V%32%#$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.>$ 92+$ 011,$ 0'"##%#/$ )%3("\ tion has been difficult for the quality and quantity of public )0"&+)$%#$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$92+$0",<$%)$"#$+Q&+''+#3$+)&"0+$14$ 32+$-(%'.$",+"$-(3$32+)+$[("'%3%+)$)21('.$-+$+*+#$&'1)+,$31$32+$ ,+)%.+#3)>$ J+)%.+)$ 32+$ P%3L$ M",<H$ '%:%3+.$ /,++#$ %#$ 32+$ 41,:$ 14$ 3,++)$&"#$-+$41(#.H$32+$&1(0'+$14$/,++#$)0"&+)$1#$32+$:"0$",+$ +%32+,$0,%*"3+$1,$011,'L$:"%#3"%#+.>$F1)3$&,%3%&"'$32+$)%3("3%1#$

41,$32+$0+.+)3,%"#)H$011,$[("'%3L$)%.+V"'<)H$%#41,:"'$0",<%#/$1#$ )%.+V"'<)$"#.$0,%*"3+$1-Y+&3)$")$)3"%,)$",+$-'1&<%#/$)"4+$:1*+\ :+#3)>$ R1&()%#/$ 1#$ &2%'.,+#H$ V2%&2$ &"#$ -+$ 41(#.$ 32,1(/21(3$ 32+$#+%/2-1,211.H$2"*+$'%:%3+.$)0"&+$31$0'"L>$92+$)3,++3)$",+$ #13$1,/"#%e+.$")$)(&2$"#.$#13$144+,$"#L$)"4+$)0"&+$41,$&2%'.,+#>$ W4$L1($'+"*+$32+$P%3L$M",<$1(3H$32+$":1(#3$14$0(-'%&$)0"&+$%#$32+$ #+%/2-1,211.$ %)$ '1V$ "#.$ 14$ 011,$ [("'%3L>$ W#$ 1,.+,$ 31$ &2"#/+$ 32%)$ )%3("3%1#$ "$ *",%+3L$ 14$ #+V$ &1#.%3%1#)$ ",+$ #++.+.$ )(&2$ ")b$ )3,1#/+,$/1*+,#"#&+H$&'+",$"#.$"&&(,"3+$0'"#)H$&1\V1,<%#/$"#.$ transparency of municipality and local offices, involvement of 32+$'1&"'$010('"3%1#$"#.$&2"#/+.$)+33%#/$14$%#2"-%3"#3)> B@

Fig. 49 Physical context mapping

BE

Fig. 50 Timelaps analysis notes

Figure 51 Programme analysis map

For this analysis 3 types of angles can be identified: the soci\ "'H$ 32+$ )0"3%"'$ "#.$ 32+$ &1:01)%3%1#>$ 92+$ )1&%"'$ "#/'+$ %)$ &1:\ 01)+.$ 14$ 32+$ 41''1V%#/$ :"0)b$ 3%:+\'"0)+$ :"0)H$ _w/+,)3,"#.$ :1*+:+#3$:"0)$"#.$"&3%*%3L$:"0>$92+)+$:"0)$3,L$31$%.+#3%4LH$ 32,1(/2$1-)+,*"3%1#H$3,"&<%#/$"#.$3,"&%#/H$32+$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#$ 14$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.>$ 92+$ )0"3%"'$ "#/'+$ %)$ &1:01)+.$ 14b$ 0,1\ /,":$ :"0H$ 0(-'%&#+))$ :"0$ "#.$ 10+##+))$ :"0>$ 92+)+$ :"0)$ try to identify the ground floor activeness of the neighborhood "#.$%3)$4(#&3%1#"'$"#.$()+,$4,%+#.'L$",+")>$S")3H$32+$:"0)$"3$32+$ beginning of this chapter try to identify the main post-conflict &2","&3+,$ "#.$ &1#.%3%1#)$ 14$ 32+$ 02L)%&"'$ +#*%,1#:+#3>$ 92+)+$ :"0)$ ",+$ 32+$ &1:01)%3%1#$ :"0)$ '%<+b$ +,-$.&,40(# 0*1# 1)7)(.3Q 2)*$#203-=#'%,(1,*F#0*1#F).F&03+/$:"0)$"#.$/,++#$"#.$0(\ -'%&$)0"&+$:"0)>$92+)+$'")3$/,1(0$2")$"',+".L$-++#$)21V+.$%#$ 32+$-+/%##%#/$14$32+$&2"03+,>$92+$)1&%"'$"#.$)0"3%"'$:"0)$",+$ 0,+)+#3+.$%#$32+$41''1V%#/$0"/+)>$92+$,+)('3$14$32+)+$:"0)$%)$"$ &,1))$:"00%#/$:+321.$%#$1,.+,$31$%.+#3%4L$32+$)0"3%"'$[("'%3%+)$ "#.$ 013+#3%"')$ 14$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.>$ J(3$ "')1$ 31$ %.+#3%4L$ 0,1\ blems and challenges in the form of patterns of post conflict .+*+'10:+#3$0,1&+))+)>

Method of Analysing$\$K(,%#/$32%)$,+)+",&2H$)3,1#/$%:01,3"#&+$ is given to the field of analysis. A fundamental concept of the ,+)+",&2$%)H$")$J+,#",.1$G+&&2%$)"%.H$!(Z%&'0*,-$,40#-,#50#4.,#3,)Q 1,>$32"3$:+"#)$32"3$(,-"#%):$%)$1#'L$01))%-'+$1#$4113H$)1$32"3$ observations and fieldwork are strongly necessary. The field\ V1,<$41&()+)$1#$32+$02L)%&"'$3,"&+)$"#.$1#$32+$+#*%,1#:+#3"'$ -+2"*%1,$14$()+,)$ht+%)+'H$g>$6!!Ai>$92%)$:+321.$%)$%#3+#.+.$31$ â&#x20AC;&#x153;systematically look at physical surroundings to find reflectiQ .*-#.5#3&)7,.%-#04$,7,$/>$ht+%)+'H$g>$6!!Ai$"#.$31$j)L)3+:"3%&"''L$ V"3&2$0+10'+$()+$32+%,$+#*%,1#:+#3)b$%#.%*%.("')H$0"%,)$14$0+1\ 0'+H$):"''$/,1(0)$"#.$'",/+$/,1(0)k$"#.$31$(#.+,)3"#.$ !+.9# 0# 3+/-,40(# )*7,&.*2)*$# -%33.&$-# .&# ,*$)&5)&)-# 9,$+# ')+07,.&-# $0:,*F#3(04)#9,$+,*#,$>$ht+%)+'H$g>$6!!Ai>$ K1.1#"$"#.$132+,$#+%/2-1,211.)$%#$M,%)23%#"H$2"*+$-++#$:"0\ 0+.$ #13$ ")$ "&&(,"3+$ "#.$ 0+,%1.%&"''L$ ")$ %#$ 92+$ a+32+,'"#.)>$ K(,%#/$32+$0,1&+))$14$"#"'L)%)$32+$:1)3$(0$31$."3+$:"0$."3+)$ -"&<$31$6!!A$:".+$-L$32+$:(#%&%0"'%3L$41,$32+$(,-"#$,+/('"31,L$ 0'"#$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$5$.+3"%'+.$:"0$%)$,+[(%,+.$%#$1,.+,$ 31$0+,41,:$"#"'L)%)$1#$32+$*+,L$'1&"'$)&"'+>$]%32$32%)$<#1V'+./+$ the first part of this analysis is a clear identification of the physi\ &"'$+#*%,1#:+#3$"#.$&1#.%3%1#)>$]%32$."L)$14$:"00%#/$"#.$1-\ )+,*%#/$32+$)%3("3%1#$1#$32+$)3,++3$"#.$32+$#+V$.+*+'10:+#3)$ "43+,$6!!A$"$:1,+$0,+&%)+$:"0$2")$-++#$&1:01)+.>$]%32$32%)$ ,+)+",&2$ 14$ 32+$ +#*%,1#:+#3$ 32+$ "#"'L)%)$ 14$ 32+$ )1&%"'\)0"3%"'$ &1::1#$/,1(#.$&"#$-+$.1#+>$]%32$32+$,+)+",&2$1#$01)3\&1#\ flict processes, it is becoming clear that the relation between the social and spatial element is an interesting field of research.

W#.%*%.("'$:%#.)$"#.$'"&<$14$&1::(#"'$%#%3%"3%*+)$"#.$310\.1V#$ -(3$011,$0'"##%#/$&,+"3+)$"#$%#3+,+)3%#/$",+"$14$)3(.L>$W#$1,.+,$ 31$.+*+'10$"$.+)%/#$V2%&2$%)$41&()+.$1#$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#H$%3$%)$ #+&+))",L$31$1-)+,*+$&'1)+'L$32+$)1&%1\)0"3%"'$+#*%,1#:+#3$"#.$ 32+$ 0'"&+$ V2+,+$ %3$ 2%3)$ +"&2$ 132+,b$ 32+$ &1::1#$ /,1(#.>$ 92%)$ 3L0+$14$)3(.L$e11:)$%#$1#$32+$)3,++3$)&"'+$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.$ "#.$0,+41,:)$,+)+",&2$14$32+$)1&%"'$+#*%,1#:+#3$14$32+$#+%/2\ -1,211.$"#.$&1:-%#+)$32%)$V%32$%3)$)0"3%"'$&1#.%3%1#)>$

Social angle: 9%:+$S"0)$:"0) _w/+,)3,"#.$:1*+:+#3$:"0) 5&3%*%L$:"0 Spatial angle: M,1/,"::+$:"0 M(-'%&#+))$:"0 X0+##+))$:"0 Composition angleb K+*+'10:+#3$:"0 J(%'.%#/$'"L+,)$:"0 n,++#$"#.$G0"&+$:"0

BB

Place & Timelaps Analysis

Social groups at locations at different moments

Children Teenagers Young adults <35

06

Adults > 35 Elderly

Hetrogeneus places Hetrogeneus spaces Homogeneus places

07

Homogeneus spaces Moments of the day (10 min) 05

7.30 - 9.30

11.30 - 13.30

14.30 - 16.30

17.30 - 19.30

03

01. City Park entrance 08

68

40

92

72

02. Gustav Meyer square

04

30

60

68

58

03. Kelmendi street - â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Mosqueâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; 160

92

182

190

04. Agim Ramadani crossing

01

146

114

232

190

02

05. Kelmendi street - pedestrian alley 72

82

152

32

06. Elena Gijka school 144

126

196

98

07. Rrustem Hyseni crossing 74

78

90

92

08. Mustafe Kruja crossing 09

52

56

66

98

09. Rrustem Statovci - taxi stand 112 162 78

86

10. Adrian Krasniqi - local businesses 94

10

182

114

60

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 52 Time laps analysis map

Time Laps analysis map Dodona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are significant to work with. The analysis is of 5 social groups

#":+'Lb$&2%'.,+#H$L1(#/)3+,)H$L1(#/$".('3)$h67\@BiH$".('3)$h@B\ BBi$ "#.$ +'.+,'L>$ 92+$ *+,L$ L1(#/$ 010('"3%1#$ h"*>$ 68$ L+",)i$ 14$ c1)1*1$ &"#$ -+$ 3,"&+.$ -"&<$ %#$ 32+$ .%*%)%1#$ 14$ )1&%"'$ /,1(0)$ %#$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.>$ U'.+,'L$ "#.$ P2%'.,+#$ ",+$ #13$ ,+0,+)+#3+.$ well in the neighborhood and only occur on specific areas: the &%3L$0",<$"#.$",1(#.$32+$0,%:",L$)&211'>$543+,$32%)$1-)+,*"3%1#$ %#$32+$#+%/2-1,211.H$"$.%*%)%1#$%)$:".+$-+3V++#$"$)0"&+$"#.$ "$0'"&+>$5$^)0"&+`$%)$Y()3$"#$10+#$",+"$V2+,+$0+10'+$.1$1&&(,$ but which are not specifically designed for its users today and ^0'"&+)`$",+$:1,+$.+)%/#+.$")$"#$",+"$14$-+'1#/%#/$31$%3)$()+,)>$

BA

Hägerstrand Movement mapping

Historic old town

crossings of the neighborhood by various social groups

Children Teenagers Young adults <35 Adults > 35 Elderly

10 min

9 min 8 min

Vellusha 7 min

6 min

5 min

4 min

3 min

2 min

1 min

Center

Center

City Park

University Faculties

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 53 Explanation of Hagerstrand map Dodona

Hägerstrand Tracking map Dodona \$9,"&<%#/$"#.$3,"&%#/$,1(\ 3+)$14$0+10'+$&"#$/%*+$%#)%/23$%#$&21)+#$)3,++3)$"#.$)3,++3)$'+43$ ")%.+>$92+$:"0$)21V)$32+)+$,1(3+)$14$%#.%*%.("')$41,$"$0+,%1.$14$ 7!$:%#>$W3$)21V)$32+$3%:+H$"$0+,)1#$%)$)0+#.%#/$%#$32+$#+%/2-1,\ 211.$"#.$%4$)%.+$"&3%*%3%+)$",+$2"00+#%#/$'%<+$:"<%#/$)310)>$X#$ .%44+,+#3$:1:+#3)$14$32+$."L$"$0+,)1#$4,1:$+*+,L$)1&%"'$/,1(0$ %)$41''1V+.$1#$%3)$V"L$32,1(/2$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$G1:+$0+10'+$ 2"*+$K1.1#"$")$32+%,$h3+:01,",Li$.+)3%#"3%1#$-(3$:1)3$14$32+:$ ",+$1#$32+%,$V"L$31V",.)$",+")$",1(#.$K1.1#"$"#.$",+$()%#/$ 32+$#+%/2-1,211.$31$/+3$32+%,$)21,3'L>$W#$32+$"-1*+$)21V#$:"0H$ %)$32+$_w/+,)3,"#.$%)$+Q0'"%#+.>$W$2"*+$41''1V+.$"$0+,)1#$1#$%3)$

V"L$32,1(/2$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$W$0'"&+.$:L)+'4$1#$"$01)%3%1#$ 1#$32+$+./+$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.$%#$1,.+,$31$41''1V$)1:+-1.L$ 32"3$&":+$4,1:$1#+$14$32+$41''1V%#/$",+")b$G,$/#[0&:=#+,-$.&,40(# 4)*$)&=#20,*#4,$/#'.%()70&1=#%*,7)&-,$/#4023%-#.&#*),F+'.&,*F# \)((%-+0#0&)0;$92+$/,"02$)21V)$32+$,1(3+$32+$0+,)1#$3"<+)$"#.$ 32+$*+,3%&"'$"Q+)$32+$0+,%1.$14$7!$:%#>$W#$:"#L$&")+)$32+$0+,)1#$ )0+#.)$'+))$32+#$7!$:%#$%#$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$92%)$%)$.(+$31$32+$ '%:%3+.$)%e+$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$

B8

Hägerstrand Movement mapping

crossings of the neighborhood by various social groups

Children Teenagers Young adults <35 Adults > 35 Elderly

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 54 Hagerstrand map ‘morning time laps’ 3,"&<%#/$)1&%"'$/,1(0)$-+3V++#$8>@!$\$Z>@!

Hagerstrand Tracking map Dodona (morning) \$ 92%)$ :"0$ %)$ 32+$ ,+)('3$ 14$ 32+$ :1,#%#/$ 0+,%1.$ 3,"&<%#/$ 14$ .%44+,+#3$ )1&%"'$ /,1(0)>$X#$32+%,$V"L$31$V1,<$1,$)&211'H$0+10'+$&,1))$32+$#+%/\ 2-1,211.$"#.$()%#/$32+$)21,3+)3$,1(3+)$31$32+$.+)3%#"3%1#>$G1\ :+3%:+)$"$)21,3$)310$%#$"$-"<+,L$%)$.1#+>$5$*",%+3L$14$)3,++3)$%)$ ()+.$"#.$.+)3%#"3%1#$&"#$-+$%#$"#.$-+L1#.$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$

BC

Hägerstrand Movement mapping

crossings of the neighborhood by various social groups

Children Teenagers Young adults <35 Adults > 35 Elderly

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 55 Hagerstrand map ‘lunch time laps’ 3,"&<%#/$)1&%"'$/,1(0)$-+3V++#$77>@!$\$7@>@!

Hagerstrand Tracking map Dodona (lunchtime) \$92%)$:"0$%)$ 32+$ ,+)('3$ 14$ 32+$ '(#&23%:+$ 0+,%1.$ 3,"&<%#/$ 14$ .%44+,+#3$ )1&%"'$ /,1(0)>$ P'+",$ %)$ 32"3$ 0+10'+$ :"<+$ )310)$ 1#$ 32+%,$ V"L$ 31$ 32+$ .+)3%#"3%1#>$ n1%#/$ %#$ "$ )(0+,:",<+3H$ V"'<%#/$ (0$ "#.$ .1V#$ "$ street to a specific shop or crossing the mosque area and stop 41,$"$0,"L+,$-+41,+$&1#3%#(%#/$32+%,$V"L$32,1(/2$32+$#+%/2-1,\ 211.>$

BZ

Hägerstrand Movement mapping

crossings of the neighborhood by various social groups

Children Teenagers Young adults <35 Adults > 35 Elderly

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 56 Hagerstrand map ‘afternoon time laps’ 3,"&<%#/$)1&%"'$/,1(0)$-+3V++#$7E>@!$\$7A>@!

Hagerstrand Tracking map Dodona (afternoon) \$ 92%)$ :"0$ %)$ 32+$ ,+)('3$ 14$ 32+$ "43+,#11#$ 0+,%1.$ 3,"&<%#/$ 14$ .%44+,+#3$ )1\ &%"'$ /,1(0)>$ W#$ 32%)$ 0%&3(,+$ %3$ %)$ &'+",$ 32"3$ :"#L$ 0+10'+$ &,1))$ 32+$-()L$c+':+#.%$)3,++3>$92"3$)3,++3$%)$0,1-"-'L$32+$1#+$:1)3$ 0+10'+$<#1V$14H$32%#<%#/$14$K1.1#"$"#.$32+,+41,+$"$&'+",$01%#3$ 14$ 1,%+#3"3%1#$ 31/+32+,$ V%32$ 32+$ '1&"'$ :1)[(+$ 0'"&+.$ 1#$ 32+$ -()L$&1,#+,>$

A!

Hägerstrand Movement mapping

crossings of the neighborhood by various social groups

Children Teenagers Young adults <35 Adults > 35 Elderly

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 57 Hagerstrand map ‘afternoon time laps’ 3,"&<%#/$)1&%"'$/,1(0)$-+3V++#$78>@!$\$7Z>@!

Hagerstrand Tracking map Dodona (evening) \$ 92%)$ :"0$ %)$ 32+$ ,+)('3$ 14$ 32+$ +*+#%#/$ 0+,%1.$ 3,"&<%#/$ 14$ .%44+,+#3$ )1&%"'$ /,1(0)>$ a+V$ ,1(3+)$ ",+$ &'+",$ "#.$ '+))$ )310)$ ",+$ :".+$ %#$ 32+$ +*+#%#/>$$

A7

Flows of street users

crossings of the neighborhood by various social groups

Pedestrians 372

Moterized traffic 96

24

users per hour

84

216

120

144

72

264 312

144

0 576

264 180

252

792

72

276

2310

36

96

276

48 12

96

24

108 36

216

970

108 36

108

288

12

192

84 168 48

336

48 468

456

60 360

600 192

492

36

120

24 468

384

420

192 132

492

300 168

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 58 Flows of traffic and pedestrians Dodona

-721($0/@$- Counting flows of traffic and pedestrian provides %#)%/23$1#$2+"*%'L$:131,%e+.$,1".)$"#.$[(%+3$)3,++3)>$P1(#3%#/$ 1#$,()2$21(,$32+$)3,++3$"&3%*%3L$0,1*%.+)$%#)%/23$14$%#3+#)%3L$14$ street use. Most streets are open to all traffic even though the streets have narrow profiles and unclear scenes. Nevertheless, "$'",/+$#(:-+,$14$)3,++3)$)++$4+V$&",)$0+,$21(,$"#.$",+$/11.$ )3,++3)$41,$0+.+)3,%"#$()+>$92+$:"%#$)3,++3)$")$c+':+#.%$)3,++3$ and the inner ring road have both motorized traffic and pedes\ 3,%"#)$-(3$)0"&+$%)$143+#$'%:%3+.$41,$"''$32+)+$()+,)$"#.$&,1))%#/)$ ",+$-()L>$

A6

Active places

Social groups at locations at different moments

Window shopping Religious activities Socializing spaces Childrens playing area Walking / exercizing Parking Informal parking informal street vendors Outdoor terraces informal playing areas informal free sitting BUS waiting places

carwash/gasstation

BUS

Taxi

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 59 Activity map Dodona

Activity map Dodona \$ 92+$ :"0$ )21V)$ 32+$ *",%1()$ "&3%*%3%+)$ 14$32+$010('"3%1#>$92+$:"%#$01%#3)$14$"&3%*%3L$",+$32+$)2100%#/$ ",+"$14$32+$%##+,$,%#/$,1".$"#.$)3,+3&2+)$%#31$c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

Programme of groundďŹ&#x201A;oors

various groups of services, commercial and institutions

Housing Vacancies Offices Shops OfďŹ ce buildings Institutional building Private office Embassy Services Hair salon Travel agency Medical practice Bank Private parking / petrol Laundry / Tailor Physical health Car service Public services School Religious building Social service / NGO Museum Kindergarten School for driving Retail Clothing shop Footwear shop Pharmacy Beauty shop General retail shop Art gallery & shop Food & Leisure Restaurant Local eatery Fast food Coffee house Hotel Theater

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 60 Programme map Dodona

Programme map Dodona \$ 92+$ :"0$ )21V)$ 32+$ +Q3+#)%*+$ broad network of ground floor use in Dodona. Many different 0,%*"3+$ &1:0"#%+)H$ ,+3"%'+,)H$ )+,*%&+$ )210)$ :"<+$ K1.1#"$ "$ .+)3%#"3%1#$41,$"$,"#/+$14$)2100+,)$"#.$*%)%31,)>$X#$32+$132+,$ 2"#.H$32+$0(-'%&$)+&31,$"#.$)+,*%&+)$",+$/+#+,"''L$'"&<%#/$"#.$ a great part of ground floor spaces are vacant. Besides that, )1:+$%#3+,+)3%#/$)3,++3)$'%<+$32+$1#+$)(,,1(#.%#/$32+$0",<$14\ fers limited active ground floors. Most interesting are Kelmendi )3,++3H$32+$%##+,$,%#/$,1".$"#.$32+$'1&"'$)210)$%#$32+$)1(32$14$ 32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$

AE

Publicness of the groundďŹ&#x201A;oors programme Openness towards the public

Limited entrance Certain groups With door restrictions Payment for consuming Public service Limited control on entrance Housing Vacancies Offices Shops Construction site

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 61 Publicness map Dodona

Publicness map Dodona - The publicness of the ground floor research places the variety of groundfloor in groups of public entrance. The blue and green groundfloors are open to most 0+10'+$ "#.$ ",+$ 4(#&3%1#"''L$ 0",3$ 14$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$ .1:"%#$ 14$ 32+$ neighborhood. On the other many groundfloors are offices or 1#'L$10+#$31$&+,3"%#$0+10'+$"#.$2"*+$)3,%&3$+#3,"#&+$01'%&%+)>$ S")3H$%#$&+,3"%#$)3,++3)$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$%)$'%:%3+.$31$32+$)3,++3$ .(+$31$:"#L$*"&"#&%+)$"#.$&1#)3,(&3%1#$)%3+)>

AB

Openness of groundďŹ&#x201A;oor facades Openness towards the public

Housing Vacancies Under construction Closed wall - limited windows Inactive Semi open Fences in/out interaction Active facede

North Scale bar 0

20 m

100 m

Figure 61 Openness map Dodona

Openness map Dodona \$92+$:"0$%#.%&"3+)$32+$3L0+$14$4"&".+$ of the groundfloor which is closing off the public domain from 32+$0,%*"3+$",+")>$92%)$:"0$.1+)$#13$'11<$"3$32+$4"&".+$")$)3L'+$ 1,$%4$321)+$",+$%#$/11.$&1#.%3%1#$-(3$1#'L$31$32+$10+##+))$14$ 32+$4"&".+>$J'%#.$V"'')$.1$2"*+$"$#+/"3%*+$+44+&3$1#$%3)$0(-'%&$ )(,,1(#.%#/)$ "#.$ .1$ #13$ 144+,$ "#$ "33,"&3%*+$ )3,++3$ )&"0+>$ 92+$ :"0$)21V)$&'+",'L$32+$:"#L$%#"&3%*+$"#.$-'%#.$4"&".+)$V2%&2$ "#.$32+$'%:%3+.$#(:-+,$14$"33,"&3%*+$)3,++3)>$

AA

"2#)/7$/8/7E()(

"@/%)/7$/8/7E()(

06

07

05

03

08

04

01

BUS

02

09

Taxi

10

North

North

Scale bar

Scale bar 0

0

North

20 m

100 m

20 m

North

100 m

20 m

0

9%:+$'"0)$:"0

F1*+:+#3$:"0

5&3%*%3L$:"0

G0"&+$013+#3%"')$:"0

20 m

0

100 m

M,1/,"::+$:"0

‘Potentials’ translation

0

Scale bar

Scale bar

100 m

Scale bar

North

North

Scale bar 0

20 m

20 m

100 m

100 m

M(-'%&#+))$:"0

X0+##+))$:"0

‘Qualities’ translation

G1&%"'$"33,"&31,)$:"0

G1&%"'$"&3%*%3L$:"0

G0"3%"'$.%*+,)%3L

Figure 62 Method of socio-spatial common ground

Socio-Spatial common ground \$]%32%#$32+$3,"#)'"3%1#H$)1&%"'$ :"0)$ "#.$ )0"3%"'$ :"0)$ ",+$ :+,/+.$ 31/+32+,$ %#$ 1,.+,$ 31$ (#\ .+,)3"#.$)1&%"'$)%3("3%1#$r$32+$&1::(#%3L$%.+#3%3L$",+")$r$32+$ .%*+,)%3L$14$32+$",+"$r$V2+,+$32+$)1&%"'$/,1(0)$%#3+,3V%#+$r$"#.$ 32+$)1&%1\)0"3%"'$013+#3%"')$14$32+$)0"&+> R1,$ 32+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 14$ 32+$ .+)%/#H$ [("'%3%+)$ "#.$ 013+#3%"')$ &"#$-+$()+.$%#$&,+"3%#/$)L#+,/L$-+3V++#$32+$)1&%"'$"#.$)0"3%"'$ +#*%,1#:+#3>$x("'%3%+)$#++.$31$-+$/%*+#$)0"&+$"#.$-+$+#2"#\ &+.$ "#.$ 013+#3%"')$ ",+$ 01))%-%'%3%+)$ 41,$ "$ 4(3(,+$ 3,"#)41,:"3%\ 1#$"#.$,+#+V"'$14$32+$",+">$JL$&1:-%#%#/$32+)+$:"0)$)L#+,/L$ %)$ ,+)+",&2+.$ -+3V++#$ 32+$ )1&%"'$ "#.$ )0"3%"'$ "#/'+>$ W#$ 1,.+,$

31$ 0'"&+$ +*+,L32%#/$ 32+$ &1:01)%3%1#$ :"0)$ :",<$ 32+$ 02L)%&"'$ ",+"$"#.$0'"&+)>$W#$32+$41''1V%#/$0"/+)$32+$41(,$013+#3%"'$"#.$ [("'%3L$ :"0)$ ",+$ )21V#$ #":+'Lb$ -304)# 3.$)*$,0(-# 203=# -.4,0(# 0$$&04$.&-# 203=# -.4,0(# 04$,7,$/# 203# 0*1# -30$,0(# 1,7)&-,$/# 203;# 92+)+$:"0)$",+$0",3$14$"#$+Q0'1,"3%*+$,+)+",&2$%4$32%)$"00,1"&2$ &"#$/%*+$"#)V+,)$"-1(3$32+$)1&%"'\)0"3%"'$&1::1#$/,1(#.$"#.$ provide insight in the patterns of a post conflict neighborhood.

92%)$"00,1"&2$"%:)$31$)21V&")+$32+$'1&"'$0"33+,#)$32"3$&"#$-+$ identified through this research. In order to use this method as "$ /11.$ -")+$ 41,$ .+)%/#$ ,+)+",&2$ :1,+$ +Q3+#)%*+$ ."3"$ %)$ #++\ .+.> A8

Space Potentials

potentials of spaces of the neighborhood

Vacancies under construction Open space related to business Strategic open spaces used for parking Traffic intensive road

Possible street drivers Strategic streets as backbone Possible corner attraction Strategic corner space Outdoor space related to particular buildings Underused open space

Figure 63 Spatial Potentials map Dodona

Spatial Potentials Dodona \$P1:-%#%#/$32+$&1:01)%3%1#$:"0)$ 14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.$V%32$)+'+&3+.$)1&%"'$"#.$)0"3%"'$:"0)$0,1\ *%.+)$ %#)%/23$ %#$ 32+$ )0"3%"'$ 013+#3%"')$ 14$ 32+$ ",+">$ P1:-%#%#/$ 32+$3%:+\'"0)+$:"0)H$:1*+:+#3$:"0)$"#.$0,1/,":$:"0$)0"\ &+)$ V%32$ 013+#3%"'%3%+)$ 41,$ 4(3(,+$ 0(-'%&$ 4(#&3%1#$ "#.$ &1::1#$ use. The dense neighborhood with at first sight limited space 41,$ 0(-'%&$ )0"&+)H$ .1+)$ 2"*+$ "$ *",%+3L$ 14$ )0"&+)$ )(%3"-'+$ 41,$ 0(-'%&$()+>$92%)$:"0$0,1*%.+)$%:01,3"#3$%#41,:"3%1#$41,$4(3(,+$ .+*+'10:+#3$14$0(-'%&$.+)%/#>$W3$-+&1:+)$&'+",$32"3$%4$32+$0(\ -'%&$.1:"%#$V"#3)$31$+Q0"#.$#+V$%##1*"3%*+$32%#<%#/$%)$,+[(%\ ,+.$31$3,"#)41,:$32+)+$)0"&+)$%#31$0(-'%&$0'"&+)> AC

Social Attractors

attracion areas of the neighborhood

Social attractor Attractor High value street Attractor Corner space Attractor Attractive spaces

Figure 64 Social Attractors Dodona

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

'%:%3+.>$W4$)1&%"'$"&3%*%3%+)$3"<+$0'"&+$%#$32+$0",<H$%3$%)$$:1)3'L$1#$ '1&"'$%#%3%"3%*+>$X#'L$41,$&2%'.,+#$"$-")%&$0'"L/,1(#.$%)$0,1*%.+.$ -(3$ )++%#/$ 32+$ P%3L$ M",<$ ")$ 32+$ '",/+,$ /,++#$ *+#(+$ V%32%#$ 32+$ &%3L$'%:%3)$%3)$14$011,$[("'%3L>$92+$"&&+))%-%'%3L$"#.$*%)%-%'%3L$%)$"$ 0,1-'+:$"#.$#++.$31$-+$%:0,1*+.>$J(3$32+$M",<$"33,"&3)$0+10\ '+$"#.$2")$013+#3%"'$")$"$)1&%"'$"33,"&31,$V%32%#$32+$)&"'+$14$32+$ #+%/2-1,211.$-(3$"')1$%#$32+$'",/+,$&1#3+Q3>

AZ

Social Activity

active areas of the neighborhood

high frequency use Pedestrian spaces Indoor extensions of public groundfloor vacancies Concentration activity Homogeneus places Homogeneus spaces Heterogeneus place Heterogeneus space under construction

Figure 65 Social activity map Dodona

Social Activity map Dodona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

41,$%)$()+)>$a+*+,32+'+))$32+$:"0$)21V)$*",%1()$",+")$V%32$%#3+\ ,+)3%#/$)1&%"'$"&3%*%3L$-(3$%#&,+")+.$[("'%3L$14$0'"&+$%)$.+)%,+.>$ a+Q3$ 31$ 32%)$ :"0$ "$ :1,+$ %#3+#)%*+$ ,+)+",&2$ %)$ ,+[(%,+.$ "-1(3$ '1&"'$-+2"*%1,$"#.$)1&%"'$#+3V1,<)>

8!

Spatial Diversity

Diverse build development of the neighborhood

Pre-1999 strict for business Pre-1999 family housing & business Commercial urban streets Post-1999 Family housing & business Commercial residential streets Post-1999 Apartments & business Poor high urban streets Park oriented streets

Spatial Diversity of Dodona \$ P1:-%#%#/$ 32+$ &1:01)%3%1#$ :"0)$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.$V%32$)+'+&3+.$)1&%"'$"#.$)0"3%"'$:"0)$ 0,1*%.+)$%#)%/23$%#$32+$)0"3%"'$.%*+,)%3L$14$32+$",+">$P1:-%#%#/$ 32+$0,1/,":$"#.$10+##+))$:"0$31/+32+,$V%32$32+$&1:01)%3%1#$ :"0)$"#.$*%)("'$,+)+",&2$14$32+$",+"$0,1*%.+)$"$:"0$32"3$)21V)$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.)$ )0"3%"'$ .%*+,)%3L>$ 92+$ .%44+,+#3$ ",+")$ 2"*+$ .%44+,+#3$&2","&3+,%)3%&)>$92+$L+''1V$",+")$)21V$"$2%/2$.+/,++$ 14$-(%'.$.%*+,)%3L$"#.$'%:%3+.$&12+)%1#$%#$32+$)0"&+>$92+$/,++#$ ",+")$2"*+$-++#$'+))$"44+&3+.$-L$32+$.+*+'10:+#3$"43+,$32+$V",$ "#.$2"*+$"$:1,+$^&1::1#`$4++'%#/$14$32+$)0"&+>$

Figure 66 Spatial diversity of Dodona

87

Patterns of Dodona \$ 92+$ *",%+3L$ 14$ &1::1#$ /,1(#.$ :"0)$ "#.$ 32+$ :+321.$ 14$ ,+)+",&2%#/$ 32+$ )1&%1\)0"3%"'$ .%:+#)%1#$ of the neighborhood identifies patterns of Dodona. These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

patterns of post conďŹ&#x201A;ict

spatial design poten

01. crossing social groups 02. community identity 03. traffic intensive road 04. urban park 05. existing commercial street 06. potential attractors space 07. dense urban development 08. mixed commercial streets 09. residential areas 10. residual spaces between buildings 11. abandoned buildings 12. space under construction 13. building under construction 14. strategic open spaces uesed for parking 15. underused open space 16. inner block space 17. space related to specific buildings 18. vacancies 19. social attractor 20. attractors corner 21. activity concentration points 22. enclosed green 23. variety facades 24. build diversity 25. diverse street profiles 26. public facility

01. crossing social group 02. community identity 03. traffic intensive road 04. urban park 05. existing commercial 06. potential attractors s 07. dense urban develo 08. mixed commercial s 09. residential areas 10. residual spaces betw 11. abandoned building 12. space under constru 13. building under cons 14. strategic open space 15. underused open spa 16. inner block space 17. space related to spe 18. vacancies 19. social attractor 20. attractors corner 21. activity concentratio 22. enclosed green 23. variety facades 24. build diversity 25. diverse street profile 26. public facility

Fig. 67 Patterns of Dodona

4.4 THE PUBLIC SURVEY Objective of a survey$\$a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

92+$0(-'%&$)(,*+L$%#&'(.+.$[(+)3%1#)$%#$32+$41''1V%#/$32+:+)b y$ y$ y$ y$ y$

n+#+,"'$[(+)3%1#)$14$32+$'%*%#/$)%3("3%1# x(+)3%1#)$1#$32+$[("'%3L$14$(,-"#$'%4+ U*"'("3%1#$14$32+$)"3%)4"&3%1#$V%32$32+$02L)%&"'$&1#3+Q3 UQ0'1,"3%1#$14$32+$'1&"'$0(-'%&$'%4+ x(+)3%1#)$"-1(3$32+$(,-"#$#++.)

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What would you like to have in the streets / Dodona neighborhood? Çfarë dëshironi të keni në rrugët/lagjen tuaj Dodona?

THE PUBLIC SURVEY written and visual questionnaire on urban conditions and public needs

Delft University of Technology

Thomas Victor Vink translated in Albanian by Vjollca Podvorica

Fig. 68 Survey of Dodona’s urban quality

Clear street use Qartësi për përdoruesin

Streetcrossing paths Kalim për këmbësorë

Parking spaces Vende parkimi

Community gardens / urban farming Kopshte të komunite t / fermat urbane

7 votes

8 votes

19 votes

10 votes

Places with shading Strehim

Urban greenery Gjelbërim

Pedestrian zones Zonat e këmbësorëve

Places for sitting / relaxing Vende për të ulur / çlodhur

4 votes

15 votes

13 votes

14 votes

Spaces for meeting friends Hapësira për të takuar miq

Places for children Vende për fëmijë

Street markets Tregjet rrugë

Social activities Aktivitete sociale

7 votes

12 votes

2 votes

15 votes

Fig. 69 Visual survey of Dodona’s needs

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Fig. 70 Visual survey results

Fig. 71 Participants of the questionnaire

8@

What you want to have on the streets / Dodona in your neighborhood?

95,7%

Amount of public green spaces

91,4%

Street safety

Accessibility by foot

82,7%

Visually pleasent streets and buildings

82,7%

Conditions of surrounding buildings

82,7%

78,5%

Accessibility by public transport

69,6%

Close proximity to public space

65,1%

Variety of program and functions Mix of cultures & people (ethnic, elderly, children, etc.)

56,5%

Amount of people living close to each other to interact with

52,2%

Public services and community buildings

43,4%

Accessibility by car

Figure 72: Important elements in a quality of urban life \$ ]2"3$ %)$ 32+$ %:01,3"#&+$14$32+$41''1V%#/$h(,-"#i$0,10+,3%+)$"#.$&1#.%3%1#)$%#$L1(,$.%\ ,+&3$'%*%#/$+#*%,1#:+#3f$92+$,+)('3)$)21V$32"3$32+$":1(#3$14$h0(-'%&i$/,++#$ "#.$ /,++#$ )0"&+)$ %)$ "#$ %:01,3"#3$ [("'%3L$ 14$ (,-"#$ +#*%,1#:+#3)$ "#.$ 32+$ "&&+))%-%'%3L$-L$&",$'+")3$%:01,3"#3>$

34,8%

30,4%

Places for social interaction

Figure: 55 Evaluation of the satisfaction with the physical context

Opportunities to use green space are good

63%

Social interaction possibilities are good

63%

The organization of space is comfortable

52,1%

Quality space is provided to pursue your choice of activities

47,8%

Opportunities to use public spaces are good

43,5%

39,1%

Enough space to spend time outside Living conditions are up to good standards

36,9%

Walking is a pleasant activity in Dodona (functional speaking)

30,3%

The size of the buildings is at appropriate sizes

23,9%

It is pleasant to move around on foot (physical speaking)

23,9%

21,7%

The look of buildings is pleasant Open and build-up areas are well-balanced There is enough space & distance between buildings

Figure 73: Evaluation of the satisfaction with the physical context \$92%)$ .%"/,":$+Q0'"%#)$32+$'1&"'$)"3%)4"&3%1#$V%32$32+$02L)%&"'$&1#3+Q3>$K%44+,+#3$ ":+#%3%+)$2"*+$-++#$+*"'("3+.$%#$1,.+,$31$&"'&('"3+$'1&"'$)"3%)4"&3%1#>$M+1\ 0'+$%#$32%)$&")+$",+$:1)3$01)%3%*+$"-1(3$01))%-%'%3%+)$31$()+$/,++#$)0"&+$"#.$ '+")3$01)%3%*+$"-1(3$32+$":1(#3$14$)0"&+$'+43$-+3V++#$-(%'.%#/)>

17,3%

4,3%

8E

What are possible reasons for leaving Dodona related to the public life (more answers possible)

56%

52% 39%

39%

35%

30%

30%

22%

I participate in public gatherings

I am interested in making new friends in the neighborhod

I invite friends & family to come to my neighborhood

I meet friends & family in the neighborhood

I meet with friends in public places

I try to make contact when am outside

I engage in social activities

I spend free time outside in my neighborhood

I feel part of community in my neighborhood

17%

Figure 74: Exploration of the local @;67)#$7)?'$\$92%)$):"''$+Q0'1,"3%1#$%)$ "$ )3",3$ 31V",.)$ (#.+,)3"#.%#/$ V2"3$ '1&"'$0(-'%&$'%4+$&1#)%)3)$14>$

How satisfied would you say you are on a scale from 0-10 with your current place of living?

26%

Figure 75: Satisfaction with place of living - How satisfied would you )"L$L1($",+$1#$"$)&"'+$4,1:$!\7!$V%32$ L1(,$&(,,+#3$0'"&+$14$'%*%#/f$X*+,"''H$ V2"3$ %)$ 32+$ )"3%)4"&3%1#$ '+*+'$ 14$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.f

17% 13%

9%

9%

13%

9%

4% 0% 1

2

3

4

5

0% 6

7

8

9

10

Figure: 58 Reasons for leaving Dodona neighborhood

30%

22%

Accessibility of the neighborhood by car

Accessibility of the neighborhood by foot

9%

Scarce facilitation of public spaces

Scarce amout of green amenities

Level of housing conditions

9%

Opportunities to interact with neighbors

22%

Level of street safety (crime, accidetns)

30%

Other

26%

Crowdedness of the neighborhood

35%

35%

Figure 76: Reasons for leaving DoC dona \$]2"3$",+$01))%-'+$,+")1#)$41,$ '+"*%#/$K1.1#"$,+'"3+.$31$32+$0(-'%&$ '%4+$h:1,+$"#)V+,)$01))%-'+i>$

Use of the survey in the project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

'+))$%#3+,+)3$%#$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#>$92%)$%)$32"#$"$01)%3%*+$,+)('3H$ V2%&2$ :"<+)$ &'+",$ 32"3$ %#2"-%3"#3)$ 14$ M,%)23%#"$ .1$ #13$ .%44+,$ 32"3$:(&2$4,1:$%#2"-%3"#3)$4,1:$V+)3+,#$&%3%+)>$92+L$.1$V"#3$ "$&1:41,3"-'+$"#.$)"4+$#+%/2-1,211.$V%32$0'+#3L$14$/,++#+,LH$ )0"&+$31$-,+"32$"#.$0'"&+)$31$:++3\(0$V%32$4,%+#.)$"#.$4":%'L>$ 92%)$ "')1$ &":+$ 1(3$ 14$ 32+$ %#3+,*%+V)$ V%32$ '1&"'$ 0,14+))%1#"')$ V2+#$ V+$ V+,+$ 3"'<%#/$ "-1(3$ 32+$ &1#3+:01,",L$ 010('"3%1#`)$ #++.)$"#.$.+)%,+)$41,$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#>$F1)3$%:01,3"#3$+'+\ :+#3$14$32%)$)(,*+L$%)$32+$#++.$41,$%#&1,01,"3%1#$14$32+$0(-'%&$ %#$ "#L$ 4(3(,+$ .+&%)%1#>$ 92+$ '%33'+$ )"3%)4"&3%1#$ V%32$ 32+$ 02L)%&"'$ +#*%,1#:+#3$"#.$%3)$&1#.%3%1#)$%)$&,%3%&"'$"#.$#++.)$"$)3,"3+/L$ 31$ &2"#/+$ %3>$ ]%32%#$ 32%)$ 0,1Y+&3$ "#.$ 32+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 14$ 32+$ design I will try to influence the different interventions by the #+V$<#1V'+./+$4,1:$32+$)(,*+L>$53$32+$+#.$14$32+$.+)%/#$02"\ )+$W$V%''$+*"'("3+$32+$.+)%/#$31/+32+,$V%32$32+$)(,*+L$,+)('3)$%#$ 1,.+,$31$)++$%4$%3$2")$V1,<+.$&12+,+#3$V%32$32+$'1&"'$"#)V+,)>

8B

!"#$%#$

MFG'N*+,91'C*+*0.&)

88

MFG'N*+,91'.*+*0.&)

strategic public themes

spatial agenda

+

socio-spatial analysis Dodona

priority concept

Patterns

design interventions

spatial integration Fig. 77 Design Research Framework

The public carpet design is developed for Dodona, a post-conflict affected neighborhood in central Prish\ tina. The starting point of the public carpet design is the conclusion from the post conflict conditions (see 0"/>$E6iH$"#.$32+$"%:$14$,+#+V%#/$32+$)1&%1\)0"3%"'$&1::1#$/,1(#.$%#31$"$,%&2$0(-'%&$,+"':$32"3$#+3V1,<)$ "''$'+*+')$14$)1&%+3L$"#.$10+#)$(0$32+$#+%/2-1,211.$31$#+%/2-1,%#/$",+")>$92+$.+*+'10:+#3$"#.$.+)%/#$14$ h)0"3%"'i$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$32"3$%#3+/,"3+$%#$32+$(,-"#$'"L1(3$14$K1.1#"$"#.$)3",3$32+$3,"#)%3%1#$14$32+$#+%/2-1,\ 211.$31V",.)$"$:1,+$'%*"-'+$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3$41,$%3)$,+)%.+#3)$"#.$-+L1#.$",+$32+#$32+$:"%#$.+)%/#$3")<>$ In order to develop and design interventions for Dodona I use the design research framework, see fig. 59.

W$)3",3+.$V%32$32+$)1&%1\)0"3%"'$"#"'L)%)$14$K1.1#"$"#.$0","''+'$V1,<+.$1#$32+$)3,"3+/%&$0(-'%&$32+:+)>$W$()+$ 32+$)3,"3+/%&$32+:+)$%#$&1:-%#"3%1#$V%32$32+$"#"'L)%)$14$K1.1#"$31$)+",&2$41,$)L#+,/%+)$"#.$01))%-%'%3%+)$ 41,$K1.1#">$92+$0,%1,%3L$&1#&+03$%)$.+*+'10+.$%#$1,.+,$31$0'"&+$32+$)0"3%"'$,+[(%,+:+#3)$%#31$0"33+,#)$14$ post-conflict. It organizes the design interventions into 3 groups which stand for the line of designing. The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by the elements that influence the interventions.

5.1 PRIORITIES CONCEPT 92+$0,%1,%3%+)$&1#&+03$%)$)+,*+)$")$32+$-")+$14$32+$.+)%/#$0,1Y+&3>$92+$&1#&+03$%)$/(%.%#/$32+$.+*+'10:+#3$ of the design. In the situation and with the conditions of a post conflict affected neighborhood there is a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level has a sufficient base then the second and third level of the design can develop as part of that first le\ vels public network. Whereas the first level is already owned by public bodies like the municipality or state, 32+$)+&1#.$'+*+'$%)$)0"&+$32"3$%)$%#$0,%*"3+$1,$(#<#1V#$1V#+,)2%0$"#.$32+$32%,.$'+*+'$)0"&+$32"3$%)$"$/+#+,"'$ /11.$"#.$)1$#++.)$+Q3+#)%*+$&1#)('3"3%1#>$92+$)+&1#.$'+*+'$%)$3,"#)41,:%#/$)0"&+)$%#$1,.+,$31$+#'",/+$32+$ limited public space network create in the first level. The third level is adding elements to public and private .1:"%#$V2%&2$V%''$%#&,+")+$32+$[("'%3L$14$32+$)0"&+$"#.$&,+"3+$('3%:"3+$)L#+,/L$-+3V++#$)1&%"'$"#.$)0"3%"'$ .%:+#)%1#)$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$W#$"..%3%1#H$%3$"%:)$31$&,1))$#+%/2-1,211.$-1,.+,)$"#.$)1&%"'$)+/,+/"3%1#$ %3$-,%#/)$V%32$%3>$92+$&1#3+#3$"#.$0'"&+:+#3$14$32+$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$&1:+)$4,1:$32+$'1&"'$41(#.$0"33+,#)$"#.$ /+#+,"'$:(#%&%0"'$)3,"3+/%&$32+:+)$1#$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$.+*+'10:+#3>$]%32%#$32+$&1#&+03$321)+$V%''$)+,*+$")$ 32+$-")+$41,$32+$4(3(,+$.+)%/#$%#3+,*+#3%1#)> 8C

MAXIMUM

DESIRED

MINIMUM

DODONA

Post conflict conditions & situations

Renewal of exisiting public domain & space - new public network New public domain and spaces Establishing a public-private relationship Creating social-spatial synergy Transformation of (semi)-private spaces extending the new public network

Adding new public buildings & elements as part of the new public network

Fig. 78 Strategic spatial agenda

8Z

gs

parking

gs

01.

Governmental Integration & Co-operation

01. public policies for livability

02. district borders as centers

03. stakeholder meetings

04. pilot projects

05.

Local office & broader representation

02.

Public Accessibility

06. organization of streets

07. safe pedestrian routes

08. public transport routes

09. clear public service network

10. shared spaces street users

03.

Community & Society Interplay

11. supply micro places

12. multi user spaces

13. various activities provided

14. shared front yard design

15. communial building & space

16. clear & visible access to parks

17. organization of cultural events

18. urban greenery & gardens

19. managment and maintenance

20. cultural moving spaces

21. supporting incubators

22. co-sharing of groundfloors

23. mixed student / proffessonal

24. adaptable business units

25. outdoor commercial space

26. streets support the unique building styles

27.

Repetiton elements for recognizing networks

28. advanced legalisation process

29. marketing strategy

30. attraction signs

spatial design potential 01. crossing social groups 02. community identity 03. traffic intensive road 04. urban park 05. existing commercial street 06. potential attractors space 07. dense urban development 08. mixed commercial streets 09. residential areas 10. residual spaces between buildings 11. abandoned buildings 12. space under construction 13. building under construction 14. strategic open spaces uesed for parking 15. underused open space 16. inner block space 17. space related to specific buildings 18. vacancies 19. social attractor 20. attractors corner 21. activity concentration points 22. enclosed green 23. variety facades 24. build diversity 25. diverse street profiles 26. public facility

04.

Environmental & Cultural facilitation

05.

Knowledge & Economic Stimulation

06.

Historical and contemporary Identity

Physical Interventions

Fig. 79 Patterns of post conflict

Public Policy & Organizational activities

Fig. 80 Patterns of post conflict

5.2 SOCIO-SPATIAL PATTERNS

5.3 SPATIAL AGENDA

Through extensive research of the post conflict situation in Dodo\ #"$#+%/2-1,211.>$5$'%)3$14$0"33+,#)$%)$32+$,+)('3$14$32"3$,+)+",&2$ 32"3$ .+)&,%-+$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.`)$ )1&%1\)0"3%"'$ &1#.%3%1#>$ 921)+$ 0"33+,#)$",+$01)%3%*+$1,$#+/"3%*+$+'+:+#3)$%#$32+$#+%/2-1,211.$ "#.$ ",+$ 0",3$ 14$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$ .1:"%#>$ 5)$ 0",3$ 14$ 32+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 14$32+$.+)%/#H$7!$&,%3%&"'$0"33+,#)$",+$&21)+#>$921)+$)21V$)0"3%"'$ .+)%/#$013+#3%"'$%#$1,.+,$31$&,+"3+$"$,+#+V+.$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$"#.$ )2"0+$"$0(-'%&$)0"&+$#+3V1,<$-(3$"')1$31$0,1*%.+$/11.$)0"&+$41,$ 32+$+Q%)3%#/$)1&%"'$[("'%3%+)>$921)+$7!$0"33+,#)$",+b$32+$(,-"#$0",<H$ "-"#.1#+.$-(%'.%#/)H$)0"&+$(#.+,$&1#)3,(&3%1#H$-(%'.%#/)$(#.+,$ &1#)3,(&3%1#H$ (#.+,()+.$ 10+#$ )0"&+H$ %##+,$ -'1&<$ )0"&+H$ )0"&+$ related to specific buildings, vacancies, attractors corners, diver\ se street profiles and public facility. These patterns will be the '1&"3%1#)$ 41,$ 32+$ .+)%/#$ %#3+,*+#3%1#)$ "#.$ -+&1:+$ 32+$ 02L)%&"'$ 0(-'%&$#+3V1,<>$92+L$",+$%#$011,$&1#.%3%1#H$2"*+$'%:%3+.$&1##+&\ tion with the public domain, are difficult to enter or create unat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

92+$ )0"3%"'$ "/+#."$ %)$ 32+$ &1#3+#3$ 14$ 32+$ )3,"3+/%&$ 32+:+)$ 32"3$ 2"*+$-++#$41,:+.$32,1(/2$+Q3+#)%*+$,+)+",&2$14$M,%)3%#"`)$/1*+,\ #"#&+$"#.$0'"##%#/$)%3("3%1#>$92+$A$)3,"3+/%&$32+:+)H$32"3$2"*+$ -++#$ 41,:('"3+.$ 1#$ 0>$ EE$ 14$ 32+$ ,+01,3H$ ",+$ 32+$ 1-Y+&3%*+)$ 32+$ :(#%&%0"'%3L`)$ )0"3%"'$ 0'"##%#/$ .+0",3:+#3$ )21('.$ 2"*+$ %#$ 1,.+,$ 31$,+#+V$"#.$3,"#)41,:$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$"#.$)0"&+)$%#31$[("\ '%3L$",+")>$92+$A$)3,"3+/%&$32+:+)$",+b$S.7)&*2)*$0(#E*$)F&0$,.*# ]#G.Q.3)&0$,.*=#[%'(,4#"44)--,',(,$/=#G.22%*,$/#]#<.4,)$/#E*$)&Q 3(0/=#^*7,&.*2)*$0(#]#G%($%&0(#504,(,$0$,.*=#6*.9()1F)#]#^4.*.Q 2,4#<$,2%(0$,.*#0*1#_,-$.&,40(#0*1#4.*$)23.&0&/#E1)*$,$/>$92+)+$ 32+:+)$",+$"''$41&()+.$1#$"$-+33+,$0(-'%&\0,%*"3+$,+'"3%1#)2%0$"#.$ %:0,1*+:+#3$14$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$"#.$)0"&+)>$92+$)0"3%"'$"/+#\ ."$ ",+$ 32+$ 01'%&L$ &2"#/+)H$ 1,/"#%e"3%1#"'$ "&3%1#)$ "#.$ 02L)%&"'$ +'+:+#3)$,+'"3+.$31$32+$.%44+,+#3$)3,"3+/%&$32+:+)>$U*+,L$32+:+H$ %#&'(.+)$"$*",%+3L$14$)1&%"'\)0"3%"'$,+[(%,+:+#3)$%#$1,.+,$31$%:0,1\ *+$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$"#.$%3)$)0"&+)>$J+)%.+)$32"3H$%3$"%:)$41,$"#$ %:0,1*+:+#3$ 14$ 32+$ ,+'"3%1#)2%0$ -+3V++#$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$ %#)3%3(3%1#)$ "#.$ 0,%*"3+$ &1:0"#%+)$ "#.$ 1,/"#%e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e%#/$32+$,+#+V+.$0(-'%&$41&()>$ C!

MINIMUM INTERVENTIONS

Str ee

rge

Cro

La

ssi

06. organization of streets

07. safe pedestrian routes

10. shared spaces street users

14. shared front yard design

ba Ur

s

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pa

ns

ts

11. supply micro places

ng

s

16. clear & visible access to parks

26. streets support the unique building styles

27.

Repetiton elements for recognizing networks

18. urban greenery & gardens

DESIRED INTERVENTIONS

Ab

an

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d

Inn

er

blo

ck

sp

ace

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ed

ish

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17. organization of cultural events

21. supporting incubators

22. co-sharing of groundfloors

23. mixed student / proffessonal

24. adaptable business units

25. outdoor commercial space

es

12. multi user spaces

20. cultural moving spaces

18. urban greenery & gardens

13. various activities provided

MAXIMUM INTERVENTIONS

ral r ltu to Cu nnec o c

02. district borders as centers

15. communal building & space

30. attractive power

12. multi user spaces

Fig. 81 Content of the Priorities concept

5.4 DESIGN CONTENT 92+$"&3("'$.+)%/#$&1#3+#3$14$32+$.+)%/#$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$%)$"$&1:-%\ #%#/$32+$)0"3%"'$"/+#."$V%32$32+$7!$&,%3%&"'$0"33+,#)$14$01)3$&1#\ flict and position them in the priorities concept. Connecting the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b$+)3"-'%)2%#/$"$,+'"3%1#)2%0$-+3V++#$32+$0,%*"3+$.1:"%#$"#.$ '1&"'$)1&%+3L$"#.$32+$0(-'%&$-1.%+)$14$32+$&%3L>$W3$%)$+Q3,+:+'L$%:\ C7

01,3"#3$%#$32%)$+#*%,1#:+#3$31$&,+"3+$/11.$&1##+&3%1#)$-+3V++#$ -132$%#$1,.+,$31$&2"#/+$32+$0,+*%1()$0+,%1.$14$%#.%*%.("'%):>$5$ ,+#+V+.$)+#)+$14$&1::(#%3L$"#.$&%3%e+#)2%0$%)$32+$('3%:"3+$/1"'$ V%32%#$32%)$0,1Y+&3> Within the first level, the minimum, 3 interventions are develo\ 0+.>$X#$0(-'%&$/,1(#.)$"$*",%+3L$14$)0"3%"'$"/+#."$01%#3)$V%''$-+$ %#3+/,"3+.$"#.$,+#+V$32+$+Q%)3%#/$)0"&+>$]%32%#$32+$.+)%,+.$'+*+'H$ )0"3%"'$"/+#."$01%#3)$&"#$-+$"..,+))+.$"#.$+#,%&2$32+$0(-'%&$#+3\ V1,<>$X#$32+$:"Q%:(:$'+*+'H$"..%#/$"$#+V$0(-'%&$-(%'.%#/$&"#$ -+&1:+$32+$&1##+&3%#/$0(-'%&$+'+:+#3$-+3V++#$#+%/2-1,211.)$ "#.$%3)$&1#3+#3$"$&1:-%#"3%1#$14$0(-'%&$)+,*%&+)>$

5.5 DESIGN INTERVENTIONS

3+,:)$:"<+$)0"&+$41,$+#Y1L%#/$32+$)3,++3$")$"$0'"&+>$W3$%)$32+$1,\ /"#%e"3%1#$14$32+$)3,++3)$%#$1,.+,$31$)+,*+$%3)$0(,01)+$%#$/+#+,"'$ 3+,:)b$"$)0"&+$41,$:1*+:+#3$-(3$4(,32+,$.(+$31$&1#.%3%1#)$14$32+$ '",/+,$&1#3+Q3$"#.$&1#.%3%1#)$14$'%:%3+.$0(-'%&$)0"&+b$")$"$0'"&+>$ W#$ 1,.+,$ 31$ .1$ )1H$ ,+0+3%3%1#$ %)$ %#$ 1,.+,$ 31$ &"':$ 32+$ .%)1,.+,+.$ )3,++3)>$ X#$ 32+$ 132+,$ )%.+H$ #+V$ #+3V1,<)$ 14$ &1::(#%3L$ )3",3$ "3$ that same street. Providing space for the direct ground floor func\ 3%1#$ 1,$ 21:+$ 10+#)$ (0$ 32+$ -1,.+,$ -+3V++#$ 0(-'%&$ "#.$ 0,%*"3+>$ T+)+,*+.$ 0+,)1#"'%e+.$ )0"&+$ W$ V%''$ &"''$ 32"3H$ 32+$ )0"&+$ -+3V++#$ 32+$ -(%'.%#/$ "#.$ 32+$ )%.+V"'<>$ a+%/2-1,)$ V%32$ )%:%'",$ 321(/23)$ &"#$)2",+$32%)$)0"&+$"#.$.+*+'10$31/+32+,>$92+$)%e+$14$32+$)0"&+$ .+0+#.)$ ,"32+,$ 1#$ 32+$ 01)%3%1#$ 14$ 32+$ -(%'.%#/>$ F%#%:(:$ )%e+)$ for traffic and sidewalk are reserved. Last, with growing space on profiles, small micro places can exist. From a small flower bed to 0(-'%&$-+#&2+)$",1(#.$"$3,++>$

The design concept helped me to define the design interventions V2%&2$ V%''$ &2"#/+$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$ .1:"%#$ %#$ "#$ ",+"$ "44+&3+.$ -L$ 32+$ urban transitioning processes after a conflict. These interventions ",+$1,/"#%e+.$%#$32,++$&"3+/1,%+)>$R%,)3H$32+$0(-'%&$-")%&)$V2%&2$%)$ 32+$,+#+V"'$14$32+$011,$&1#.%3%1#$14$32+$+Q%)3%#/$0(-'%&$.1:"%#>$ 92+)+$2"*+$32,++$(,-"#$+'+:+#3)b$'",/+$(,-"#$)0"&+)H$)3,++3)$"#.$ &1,#+,)>$92+$.+)%,+.$%)$32+$)3+0$(0$%#$1,.+,$31$+#'",/+$32+$'%:%3+.$ 0(-'%&$ .1:"%#>$ W3$ %)$ .%44+,+#3$ .(+$ 31$ %3)$ 1V#+,H$ :1)3'L$ "$ 0,%*"3+$ &1:0"#L$1,$%3$%)$(#<#1V#$"#.$.(+$%3)$0,1&+))$31$:"<+$%3$0",3$14$ 32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#b$3,"#)41,:"3%1#>$W#&'(.+.$%#$32%)$&"3+/1,Lb$%##+,$ block space, unfinished construction / left behind buildings and *"&"#&%+)>$S")3H$32+$:"Q%:(:$&"3+/1,L$%)$32+$3L0+b$"..%#/$)0"&+$ 31$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#>$92%)$&"#$-+$4,++'L$%#3+,0,+3+.>$W$&211)+$#1V$ 32"3$%3$V%''$-+$"..%#/$"$-(%'.%#/$14$V%32$0(-'%&$0(,01)+$-(3$%3$&"#$ "')1$ -+$ :"<%#/$ ",3$ %#$ 32+$ ,+)%.("'$ )0"&+)$ -+3V++#$ -(%'.%#/)$ 1,$ +Q3+#.%#/$32+$0",<$%#$3+,:)$14$*+,3%&"'$"#.$,114310$/",.+#)>

03. The concrete crossing 92+$ &1,#+,)$ "#.$ &,1))%#/)$ ",+$ /+#+,"''L$ "$ &2"13%&$ "))+:-'L$ 14$ uses, users, traffic, attractions and building typology. The corner #1V$"''$0"*+.H$:1)3'L$")02"'3$"#.$32+$&'1)+,$L1($/+3$31$32+$&1,#+,$ the more space for cars and motorized traffic. This is not what a &1,#+,$1,$&,1))%#/$)21('.$-+>$W3$%)$%#$/+#+,"'$3+,:)$"$,%)<%+,$",+"$ 14$32+$)3,++3)$"#.$)1$.+&,+")+$%#$)0++.$%)$"&&+03+.>$92+$&1,#+,)$ "#.$&,1))%#/)$V%''$-+$+%32+,$3,"#)41,:+.$%#$0'"&+)$V%32$)3,%&3$+./+)$ for dividing traffic from all other uses or the corner will transform %#31$"$)[(",+H$"$0'"&+$V2+,+$32+$&",$%)$/(+)3$"#.$32+$)0"&+$%)$()+.$ 4,++,>$W#$-132H$:1,+$)0"&+$%)$32+,+$41,$0+.+)3,%"#)H$&1,#+,$"33,"&\ 3%1#)H$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$"#.$/,++#+,L>$92+$&1,#+,$-+&1:+)$"$0'"&+>

0)8)0;0 !7>92+$%)1'"3+.$+&1'1/%&"'$O$&%3L$)0"&+ !6>$K%)1,.+,+.$)3,++3)&"0+ !@>$92+$&1#&,+3+$&,1))%#/ desired !E>92+$%##+,$-'1&<$N$P1,#+,$*1%.) !B>$92+$)'++0%#/$&1#)3,(&3%1#$N$"-"#.1#+.$0(-'%&$-(%'.%#/) !A>M'"##+.$*"&"#&%+)

desired 04. The inner block & corner voids JL$ :+"#)$ 14$ 2%)31,LH$ 32+$ 1,%/%#"'$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 14$ K1.1#"$ 2")$ -++#$,+'"3+.$31$132+,$3L0+)$(,-"#$"#.$",&2%3+&3(,"'$3L01'1/L>$G++$ "00+#.%Q$7$%#3+,*%+V$V%32$U'%e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`)$ 0'"L/,1(#.)>$ 92+$)"4+$"#.$)+&(,+.$+#*%,1#:+#3$%)$/11.$41,$):"''$)&"'+$0'"&+)>

maximum !8>92+$)1&%"'O&('3(,"'$&1##+&31, )`$&0 ?BC;#E*7,-,'()#3%'(,4#-)&7,4)#Q#30&$#.5#2,*,2%2D ?BO;#P+)#&)-,1%0(#-304)-#]#4.*4&)$)#N%*F()#Q#30&$#.5#20`,2%2D

0)8)0;0 01. The Isolated ecological/attraction space UQ%)3%#/$(,-"#$)0"&+)$V%32$"$0(-'%&$1,$)+:%0(-'%&$4(#&3%1#$#++.$31$ -+$+#2"#&+.$")$&'+",$0'"&+)$41,$32+$+#3%,+$&1::(#%3L>$]%32$32+%,$ )%e+$"#.$)3,"3+/%&$'1&"3%1#)$1#$-1,.+,)$14$.%44+,+#3$.%)3,%&3)$32+%,$ 013+#3%"')$")$&1::1#$)2",+.$)0"&+$#++.$3,"#)41,:"3%1#$%#$1,.+,$ to function properly. It is also the first step in the state-community .%"'1/(+$%#$/%*%#/$[("'%3L$)0"&+$31$32+$)1&%+3L$"#.$+#2"#&+$32+$ '"&<%#/$&1::(#%&"3%1#$-+3V++#$-132>$92+$41''1V%#/$".Y()3:+#3)$ 32,1(/2$ %#3+,*+#3%1#)$ &1:0'+:+#3$ 32+$ "%:$ 31$ 10+#$ (0$ +Q%)3%#/$ )0"&+)$"#.$&2"#/+$32+:$%#31$0'"&+)$V2+,+$"$/,+"3$*",%+3L$14$32+$ community will find their needs when it comes to public spaces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

05. The sleeping construction & abandoned public buildings W#$6!7@H$32+$:(#%&%0"'%3L$14$M,%)23%#"$0(3$1#$21'.$1#$&1#)3,(&3%1#>$ This means today, that many buildings are unfinished and left to V"%3$41,$"$0'"#$32"3$%#&1,01,"3+)$32+%,$-(%'.%#/>$I#3%'$32+#H$32+)+$ )1:+3%:+)$('3,"$'",/+$"0",3:+#3$2%/2\,%)+$&"#$-+&1:+$0",3$h3+:\ 01,",Li$14$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#>$X,/"#%e"3%1#$14$+*+#3)H$",3$)21V)H$ :++3%#/)H$ /",.+#%#/H$ )1&%"'$ "&3%*%3%+)$ +3&>$ &1('.$ 2"*+$ 32"3$ 0'"&+$ ()+.>$ 92%)$ %)$ %::+.%"3+'L$ +44+&3%#/$ 32+$ '%*+'L$ '+*+'$ 14$ 32+$ )3,++3$ ,+'"3+.$31$32+$-(%'.%#/>$G1:+$)1,3$14$3,"#)%3%1#$%)$%#$1,.+,$-+3V++#$ 32+$)3,++3$"#.$32+$#+V$0(-'%&$)0"&+> 06.Planned vacancies The many vacancies of ground floors are almost designed. The 1V#+,$ 14$ 32+$ -(%'.%#/$ %)$ ):",3$ +#1(/2$ 31$ ,+)+,*+$ 32+$ /,1(#.$ floors for other use then residential but forgets to design speci\ fically for that. This result sometimes in very large vacant spaces. a+V$+&1#1:%+)$&"#$2"*+$"$)3",3$2+,+H$"#$%#&(-"31,$&"#$)(001,3$ )3",3\(0)H$:++3%#/)$-+3V++#$0,14+))%1#"')$"#.$)3(.+#3)$&"#$0,+\ 0",+$32+:$41,$32+$4(3(,+$:",<+3$"#.$/%*+$)0"&+$31$-132$%#$32+%,$ #++.$41,$V1,<$)0"&+>

02. Disordered streetscape 92+$ )3,++3)$ "#.$ (,-"#$ 0"33+,#$ %#$ 32+$ #1,32+,#$ 0",3$ 14$ K1.1#"$ 2"*+$-++#$"#$+Q0"#)%1#$1,$#"3(,"'$/,1V$14$32+$2%)31,%&"'$&+#3+,$%#$ the north. The narrow streets show clearly difficult situations with 32+$&1#3+:01,",L$()+)$"#.$%#3+#)%3L>$U*+#$321(/2$32+$#+%/2-1,\ 211.$%)$1#$"$&'1)+$.%)3"#&+$31$:1)3$14$M,%)3%#"`)$4(#&3%1#)$32+$&",$ %)$"$V+''\()+.$3,"#)01,3"3%1#$.+*%&+>$92+$&2"#/%#/$-(%'.%#/$0'%#32H$ 32+$.%*+,)+$",&2%3+&3(,"'$)3L'+)H$-(%'.%#/$[("'%3L$&",$0",<%#/$-+2"\ vior and the narrow street profile and condition make the streets '11<$ (#1,/"#%e+.$ "#.$ 4",$ 4,1:$ 0'+")"#3$ 0'"&+)>$ 92+$ 0+.+)3,%"#$ 2")$'%:%3+.$)0"&+$41,$V"'<%#/H$0(-'%&$3,"#)01,3$'%#+)$.1$#13$,+"&2$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.H$ /,++#+,L$ "#.$ #"3(,"'$ +'+:+#3)$ .1$ #13$ +Q%)3H$ 0'"&+)$41,$)3"L%#/$",+$#13$4"&%'%3"3+.H$"&&+))$31$-(%'.%#/)$.(+$31$ %3)$'1&"3%1#$1#$"$)'10+$0(3)$1-Y+&3)$")$)3"%,)$1#$0(-'%&$/,1(#.)>$ 92+$ 41&()$ 41,$ )3,++3)$ V2%&2$ 2"*+$ .%44+,+#3$ &1#.%3%1#)H$ 0(,01)+)H$ intensity of traffic, sizes, will be on shaping a coherent space. In -")%&$ 3+,:)H$ /%*+$ 32+$ ()+,)$ "&&+))$ 31$ 32+$ )0"&+)$ "#.$ %#$ [("'%3L$

maximum 07.The social/cultural connector 92+$&1##+&31,$%)$"$#+V$-(%'.%#/$V2%&2$-'+#.)$#"3(,"''L$%#$V%32$32+$ environment but is very specific and will be seen. It is the indoor/ 1(3.11,$)0"&+$41,$"''$)1&%"'O&('3(,"'$/"32+,%#/)$"''$41,$32+$0(-'%&$ .1:"%#>$W3$%)$)3,"3+/%&"''L$'1&"3+.$1#$+./+)$14$.%)3,%&3)$"#.$&1#\ #+&3)$)+*+,"'$)1&%"'$/,1(0)>

C6

Isolated & limited accesibility

Large urban spaces

07. safe pedestrian routes

10. shared spaces street users

27.

Repetiton elements for recognizing networks

18. urban greenery & gardens

16. clear & visible access to parks

Disorderd & limited walkability 06. organization of streets

07. safe pedestrian routes

10. shared spaces street users

26. streets support the unique building styles

27.

Repetiton elements for recognizing networks

18. urban greenery & gardens

14. shared front yard design

Streets 11. supply micro places

Chaotic & unsafe places 07. safe pedestrian routes

10. shared spaces street users

11. supply micro places

27.

Repetiton elements for recognizing networks

Corners

Underused & informalized 22. co-sharing of groundfloors

12. multi user spaces

18. urban greenery & gardens

13. various activities provided

Inner block spaces

Underused & informalized 17. organization of cultural events

12. multi user spaces

15. communal building & space

Unfininished & Abandoned 20. cultural moving spaces

13. various activities provided

Unattractive & waste of indoor space 21. supporting incubators

22. co-sharing of groundfloors

23. mixed student / proffessonal

24. adaptable business units

25. outdoor commercial space

20. cultural moving spaces

Vacancies

Limited public buildings & attractions 02. district borders as centers

15. communal building & space

12. multi user spaces

30. attractive power

Cultural Connector

Fig. 82 Design Interventions

C@

Mosque

Heritage compound

shared urban square

Museum

Mosque

Ministery

public square

Mosque

community garden

Islamic college Community square

Community square

urban farm

new plaza

new plaza

terraces Kinder’’garten’’

improved playgrounds

improved sportsfield

new plaza

new plaza

Urban Park k

sunbeds

Spatial integration of design interventions picknick places

running routes

coffee terraces

devided into 3 levels of priority

Minimum Isolated public places

social activities

Disordered streets Concrete crossings

new plaza

Desired Inner block voids Unfinished construction Abandoned buildings architecture faculty

Commercial vacanies

Shared faculty gardens

architecture faculty

architecture faculty

Office vacancies Maximum Cultural connector

Fig. 83 Spatial integration of the project ”The Public Carpet Dodona “

5.6 SPATIAL INTEGRATION R%/>$C@$)21V)$32+$)0"3%"'$%#3+/,"3%1#$14$32+$0(-'%&$&",0+3$%#3+,\ *+#3%1#)$%#$K1.1#"$#+%/2-1,211.>$92+$8$.+)%/#$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$ 14$32+$0(-'%&$&",0+3$K1.1#"$",+$)21V%#/$32+$#+V$0(-'%&$#+3\ V1,<$"#.$.1:"%#>$W#$32+$41''1V%#/$0"/+)$32+$.%44+,+#3$'"L+,)$14$ 32+$.+)%/#$",+$)21V#$%#.%*%.("''L>$92+$.+)%/#$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$",+$ )21V#$ "#.$ +Q0'"%#+.$ "#.$ )+'+&3+.$ 0'"&+)$ )21V$ 32+$ 01))%-'+$ #+V$ 0(-'%&$ .1:"%#$ "#.$ )0"&+)>$ 92+L$ ",+$ )21V%#/$ 32+$ .+)%/#$ %#3+,*+#3%1#$%#$:1,+$.+3"%'$"#.$3,L$31$+Q0'"%#$32+$(,-"#$[("'%\

3L$"#.$%:0"&3$32+$%#3+,*+#3%1#$2")$1#$32+$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3>$ ]%32$ &1''"/+$ %:"/+)$ V%32%#$ 32+$ +Q%)3%#/$ )%3("3%1#$ 32+$ .+)%/#$ 3,%+)$31$%#.%&"3+$32+$01)%3%*+$&2"#/+$%3$-,%#/)$31$32+$)0"&+$"#.$ 21V$%3$&,+"3+)$"$0'"&+$41,$"#.$V%32$%3)$,+)%.+#3)$"#.$*%)%31,)>

CE

01.The isolated space

03. The concrete crossing

05. Sleeping construction

02. Disorderd streetscape

,9+$G88'.$672#3$(@/#'(

06.Planned vacancies

Fig. 84 Design Interventions visible in actual context

CB

Mosque

Heritage compound

shared urban square

Museum

Mosque

Ministery

public square

Mosque

Islamic college Community square

Isolated public place

‘AA

01A new plaza

‘AA

water elements

improved terraces

improved playgrounds

improved playgrounds

01D ‘AA

improved sportsfield

new plaza

01B new plaza

‘AA water elements

‘AA

‘AA

Urban Park k

sunbeds

picknick places

running routes

coffee terraces

social activities

01C new plaza

‘AA

architecture faculty

Shared faculty gardens

architecture faculty

architecture faculty

Fig. 85 Overview of large urban spaces as public places

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JL$ 32+%,$ )%e+$ "#.$ '1&"3%1#H$ 32+L$ V%''$ "33,"&3$ "#.$ )+,*+$ 32+$ %#\ 3+,$#+%/2-1,211.$)&"'+>$W#$32+$0,%1,%3%+)$&1#&+03$32+)+$)0"&+)$ come first because of their existing quality. Within the concept, 32+L$ .+:"#.$ '%:%3+.$ 3,"#)41,:"3%1#$ "#.$ .1$ )+,*+$ ")$ 0%'13$ 41,$ 32+$ +#3%,+$ 0(-'%&$ &",0+3$ 0,1Y+&3>$ 92+$ )0"&+)$ ",+$ .%*%.+.$ %#31$ 0(-'%&'L$1V#+.$"#.$)+:%\0,%*"3+$%#)3%3(3%1#"'>$]%32$%#&,+")%#/$ 32+$[("'%3L$14$0(-'%&$0'"&+)$"#.$"..$32+$)+:%\0,%*"3+$0'"&+)$31$ 32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$32+$0,1Y+&3$2")$%3)$0(-'%&$2(-)$,+"'%e+.>$92+L$ V%''$ -+$ 0(-'%&H$ /,++#$ "#.$ )"4+$ '1&"3%1#)$ 41,$ "$ *",%+3L$ 14$ ()+,)$ "#.$0,1/,":)>

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Fig. 86 concept for entire park â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s placemaking Fig. 87 exisiting situation location 01A Fig. 88 exisiting situation location 01B Fig. 89 exisiting situation location 01C Fig. 90 exisiting situation location 01D

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renewed entrance as place

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new park entrance

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Fig. 94 section 01C - New square and entrance to the city park from the south Fig. 95 Impression of main entrance and connection with surrounding crossing Fig. 96 section 01D - improved main entrance as place of belonging

New programmes of public places

transformation of park entrance functions

non public office micro places

city park

local entrepreneur

personalized space

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3.5 meter

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park entrance square

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24.5 meter

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144+,$/11.$V"'<"-%'%3L$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.$"#.$.1$#13$&,+"3+$ )L#+,/L$ -+3V++#$ 32+$ %#.%*%.("'$ .+*+'10:+#3)$ "#.$ 0,10+,3%+)$ "#.$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$ )3,++3)>$ W#$ 1,.+,$ 31$ &2"#/+$ 32%)H$ 32+$ #+V$ 0,1\ files offer place for traffic but more important enough space 41,$)%.+V"'<)H$(,-"#$/,++#$"#.$4"&%'%3%+)$"#.$)0"&+$41,$&,+"3%#/$ 0(-'%&\0,%*"3+$)L#+,/L>$92+$)3,++3)$%#$K1.1#"$",+$.%*%.+.$%#31$ E$3L01'1/%+)$32"3$)+,*+$")$-")%)$41,$"''$32+$)3,++3)>$5''$)3,++3)$+Q\ &+03$32+$0+.+)3,%"#$e1#+)$2"*+$32+$@$-+41,+$:+#3%1#+.$)0"&+)$ included in their profile (fig.98) The interesting and challenging part of the design of the profiles is the nonlinear building lines.

In some cases, the profiles are very small and sometimes very

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Neighborhood Main Street

Local street

Pedestrian zone

macro places

micro places

Personalized space

micro places

minimum sidewalks

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Personalized space

micro places

minimum sidewalks

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20.5 meter

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Fig. 103 Section 1:500 smallest street profile on the boulevard ‘AA Kelmendi street Fig. 104 Section 1:500 micro place on widest street profile ‘BB Kelmendi street Fig. 105 Impression neighborhood main street Fig. 106 Section 1:500 assymmetric street profile ‘AA on Rrustem Hyseni street

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Fig. 108 Section 1:500 personalized space on street profile â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;BB on Svetozar Markovic str.

Fig. 109 Section 1:500 new pedestrian zones with functions and program Fig. 110 Impression of new pedestrian zones

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Fig. 111 Overview of 2 types of crossings as public places

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Kelmendi crossing \$ 92+$ &,1))%#/$ 14$ c+':+#.%$ )3,++3$ "#.$ F",<1*%&$ )3,++3$ %)$ 32+$ :1)3$ %:01,3"#3$ "#.$ -()%+)3$ &,1))%#/$ %#$ 32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$92+$*",%+3L$14$4(#&3%1#)$"#.$'1&"3%1#$%#$32+$ #+%/2-1,211.$ "33,"&3$ :"#L$ 0+.+)3,%"#)$ "#.$ %)$ 1#$ ,1(3+$ &1#\ #+&3%#/$ 32+$ %##+,$ ,%#/$ ,1".$ V%32$ 32+$ +")3+,#$ #+%/2-1,211.)>$ The design creates clear spaces for car traffic on the corner -(3$ :1,+$ )0"&+$ %)$ /%*+#$ 31$ 32+$ 0+.+)3,%"#`)$ V"'<"-%'%3L$ %#&'(\ .%#/$&,1))V"'<)>$W#$"..%3%1#$31$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#H$/11.$)0"&+$ %)$ /%*+#$ 31$ 32+$ )(,,1(#.%#/$ 4(#&3%1#)$ %#$ 1,.+,$ 31$ &,+"3+$ "$ '%4+$ "3:1)02+,+>$$

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100 m

Fig. 115 Overview various construction sites and abandoned municipaly buildings since 2013

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one-way street temporary public gardens

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Communial meetings?

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crossing

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public domain

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local square

shared public space

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18 meter public domain

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community garden

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urban farm

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100 m

Fig. 119 Overview neighborhood inner block space for new public domain extentions

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5.9 THE FINANCIAL SIDE

land and property investors

R1,+%/#$"%.$%)$3L0%&"'$41,$)%3("3%1#)$'%<+$32+$1#+$14$c1)1*1>$S%\ :%3+.$+&1#1:%&"'$:+"#)$"#.$/+#+,"'$+&1#1:%&"'$'+*+')$14$32+$ &1(#3,L$",+$0,1-'+:"3%&$%#$3,"#)%3%1#$31V",.)$"$)3"-'+$"#.$)"4+$ +#*%,1#:+#3>$R%#"#&%"'$)(001,3%#/$32+$:(#%&%0"'%3%+)$%)$32+,+41\ re unlikely to disappear soon after the conflict. When possible, )(001,3$14$'1&"'$:%#%)3,%+)$"#.$'1&"'$1,/"#%e"3%1#)$-(3$%#$:1)3$ &")+)$ V%32$ %#3+,#"3%1#"'$ )01#)1,)$ '%<+$ +:-"))L`)H$ 41(#."3%1#)$ "#.$ 32+$U(,10+"#$%#)3%3(3%1#)>$92+$0,1Y+&3$0,101)"'$V%''$ #++.$ %#3+,#"3%1#"'$)(001,3$311H$-(3$")$1001)+.$31$:"#L$%#3+,#"3%1\ #"'$1,/"#%e"3%1#)$%3$#++.$31$-+$'1&"'$%#%3%"3+.$"#.$.+*+'10+.>$ 5.*%)+$/%*+#$-L$32+$%#3+,#"3%1#"'$&1::(#%3L$%#*1'*+.H$)(001,\ 3%#/$ :(#%&%0"'%3%+)$ %#$ 1V%#/$ #+V$ 0,10+,3%+)H$ )01#)1,%#/$ '1&"'$ projects but most important investing financial means. With 0%'13$ 0,1Y+&3)$ "3$ 32+$ -+/%##%#/$ 32+$ :"%#$ )01#)1,$ -(3$ 41,$ 32+$ '",/+,$0,1Y+&3)$'1&"'$:%#%)3,%+)$"#.$'",/+$&1:0"#%+)$)21('.$-+$ %#*1'*+.>$92%)$%)$%:01,3"#3$%#$0,+)+#3%#/$32+$'1&"'$+&1#1:L$")$ "$0(-'%&'L$%#*1'*+.$0",3$14$)1&%+3L$"#.$41,$32+$'1&"'$/1*+,#:+#3$ to become clearer about their financial means and destinati1#)>$S")3H$%#$/+#+,"'$32+$%#*1'*+:+#3$14$32+$'1&"'$+#*%,1#:+#3$ "#.$010('"3%1#$%)$.+&%)%*+$31$32+$&1:0'+3%1#$14$32+$0,1Y+&3>$W#$ most cases, it will not be financial but by involvement and ac3%*+$0",3%&%0"3%1#$%3$%)$32+$:1)3$%:01,3"#3$0,%&+'+))$)(001,3$"#.$ V%321(3$%3$"#L$0,1Y+&3$&"##13$)(&&++.>

municipality

neighborhood department

ďŹ nancial investors

examples

municipality M Ministry of Culture, Youth Cu and Sports an

socio-cultural institutions

land owners

construction companies & property developers

cultural buildings

Mi Ministry of Ag Agriculture, Forestry and Fo Ru Rural Development

Ministry of Mi Infrastructure Inf

i i i ministeries

National sponsors

knowledge investors examples

local

Kosovo - Prishtina Office

CH wB

International organizations & funds

Cultural Heritage without Borders

national Governments

Kosovo - Prishtina Office

international

European sponsors

Fig. 138 investors needed for the design project

$ 7!Z

Activities in the new public domain Working activities

Leisure activities

Urban activities

Social activities

Community activities

Sports activities

Fig. 139 Activities in the new public domain

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e+.$ 4,1#3$ L",.)H$ %3$ "''1V)$ 0+10'+$ 31$ .+*+'10$ #+V$ "&\ 3%*%3%+)$1,$:1*+$'1&"3%1#$14$+Q%)3%#/$1#+)H$32"3$()+.$31$2"00+#$ 1#$ 0,%*"3+$ 3+,,"%#>$ R1,$ %3)$ ,+)%.+#3)H$ 32+$ .+)%/#$ "#.$ %3)$ 01))%\ -%'%3%+)$144+,$)0"&+)$32"3$%#&,+")+$1(3.11,$"&3%*%3%+)>$W3$"%:)$31$ )2"0+$ "$ )+#)+$ 14$ &1::(#%3L$ "#.$ &%3%e+#)2%0>$ 92+$ (#.+,'L%#/$ 321(/23$ %)$ 31$ .+*+'10$ )0"&+)$ 32"3$ :%Q$ .%44+,+#3$ "&3%*%3%+)$ "#.$

)1&%"'$/,1(0)>$a+V$%#3+,"&3%1#)$"#.$#+3V1,<)$&"#$/,1V$-L$0,1\ *%.%#/$ )0"&+$ 41,$ *",%1()$ "&3%*%3%+)$ 10+,"3%#/$ V%32%#$ 32+$ )":+$ .1:"%#>$U*+#3("''L$32+$.+)%/#$3,%//+,)$32+$%#2"-%3"#3)$31$3"<+$ "&3%*+$ 0",3%&%0"3%1#$ %#$ .+*+'10%#/$ 32+%,$ +#*%,1#:+#3$ "#.$ 0+,\ )1#"'%e+$%3>

77!

World

Entrepereurial active society

search for comfort & quality urban life

Conditions that contribute to Public Carpet Dodona Available space

Scale

Diverse Development

Fig. 140 Conditions that contribute

5.11 CONDITIONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROJECT definitely belong to this society and will increase participation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e+#)$ ",+$ )++<%#/$ :1,+$ &1:\ 41,3$ "#.$ /11.$ 0(-'%&$ 0'"&+)>$ W##1*"3%*+$ "#.$ 4(3(,+$ 32%#<%#/$

91$&1#&'(.+$32+$B$&1#.%3%1#)$"#.$&2","&3+,%)3%&)$32"3$&1#3,%-(\ 3+$31$32+$.+*+'10:+#3$14$0(-'%&$&",0+3$K1.1#"$",+b$"*"%'"-'+$ )0"&+H$ +#3,+0,+#+(,%"'$ )1&%+3LH$ )+",&2$ 41,$ &1:41,3H$ )3"/+)$ 14$ .+*+'10:+#3$"#.$)&"'+> 777

5.12 FEASIBILITY OF THE INTERVENTIONS As I discussed in the previous paragraph, there are five con\ .%3%1#)$1,$&2","&3+,%)3%&)$14$K1.1#"$32"3$&1#3,%-(3+$31$32+$.+\ *+'10:+#3$%#31$"$0(-'%&$)0"&+$#+3V1,<$"#.$.1:"%#b$"*"%'"-'+$ )0"&+H$ +#3,+0,+#+(,%"'$ )1&%+3LH$ )+",&2$ 41,$ &1:41,3H$ )3"/+)$ 14$ development and scale. In this section I will reflect on the seven %#3+,*+#3%1#)$%#$,+'"3%1#$31$32+)+$&1#.%3%1#)$"#.$32+$4+")%-%'%3L$ 14$32+$%#3+,*+#3%1#)>$R%,)3$14$"''H$32+$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$&"#$1#'L$V1,<$ %4$32+$:(#%&%0"'%3L$"#.$/1*+,#:+#3$V1,<$1#$"$:1,+$3,"#)0",+#3$ "#.$10+#$V"L$14$/1*+,#"#&+>$P,(&%"'$41,$32+$.+)%/#$%#3+,*+#3%\ 1#)$%)$32+$0",3%&%0"3%1#$14$32+$)3"<+21'.+,)H$V2%&2$"3$32%)$01%#3$ %)$'%:%3+.$"#.$%#.%*%.("'$-L$#"3(,+>$92+$&"0"&%3L$14$32+$:(#%&%\ pality is limited, especially financial terms.

06. Vacancies - Vacant ground floors of buildings will always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e+#)2%0$ "#.$ &,+"3%#/$ 0(-'%&\0,%*"3+$ ,+'"3%1#)2%0)>$ 92+$ P('\ 3(,"'$ &1##+&31,$ %)$ "#$ "..%3%1#$ 1#$ 32+$ 01)%3%*+$ &2"#/+$ V%32%#$ 32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$"#.$"$0(-'%&$/+)3(,+>$92+$*",%1()$"&3%*%3%+)$ "#.$#+V$4(#&3%1#)$V%32%#$32+$0(-'%&$&",0+3$",+$+*"'("3+.$"#.$ reflected on in order to compose the cultural connector. The building, that ask a great financial contribution will be a com\ 0'+Q$ 0,1&+))>$ a+*+,32+'+))H$ W$ -+'%+*+$ %3$ )21V)$ %3)$ &1#3,%-(3%1#$ 31$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.$ "#.$ '",/+,$ )&"'+)$ V2+#$ %3$ &1:+)$ 31$ 14\ 4+,%#/$ )0"&+$ 41,$ :"#L$ )1&%"'$ /,1(0)$ "#.$ %3)$ 0'"&+$ V%32%#$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$.1:"%#>

01. The isolated public places \$ 92+$ '",/+$ (,-"#$ )0"&+)$ %#$ "#.$)(,,1(#.%#/$32+$#+%/2-1,211.$)21V$.%44+,+#3$&1#.%3%1#)>$ G1:+$ ",+$ %#$ 0,%*"3+$ 1V#+,)2%0H$ )1:+$ ",+$ 0(-'%&'L$ 1V#+.$ -(3$ 2"*+$'%:%3+.$"&&+))%-%'%3L$"#.$132+,)$",+$%#$41,:"'%e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h'%:%3+.i$)1&%"'$/,1(0)>$W4$32+$:(#%&%0"'%3L$1,$32+$0(-'%&$ %#)3%3(3%1#$ 1V#)$ 32+$ '"#.H$ ,+"'%e"3%1#$ 14$ 32+$ 0'"#$ &"#$ 2"00+#$ without difficult and expensive negotiations. The effect of the .+)%/#$ &"#$ V1,<$ 1#$ :1,+$ 32"#$ Y()3$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.$ )&"'+>$ W#$"..%3%1#H$32+$%#3+,*+#3%1#$%)$&1:01)+.$14$"$)+,%+)$14$:%&,1$ %#3+,*+#3%1#)$V2%&2$%#.%*%.("''L$)21V%#/$*"'(+$31$32+$,+#+V+.$ 0(-'%&$.1:"%#>$

5.13 APPLICABILITY IN PRISHTINA W#$ 32%)$ 0","/,"02H$ W$ ()+$ 32+$ 0,101)+.$ .+)%/#$ %#3+,*+#3%1#)H$ &1#.%3%1#)$14$K1.1#"$#+%/2-1,211.$"#.$32+$4+")%-%'%3L$14$32+$ 0,1Y+&3$ %#3+,*+#3%1#)$ 31$ ,+)+",&2$ )21,3'L$ %3$ "00'%&"-%'%3L$ V%32%#$ 32+$V%.+,$&1#3+Q3$14$32+$&%3L>$5)$.+)&,%-+.$%#$&2"03+,$E>7H$K1\ dona is not the only area affected by post conflict develop\ :+#3H$ -(3$ %#$ 132+,$ ",+")$ .%44+,+#3$ <%#.)$ 14$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 311<$ 0'"&+>$92+$&2"''+#/+)$"#.$&1#.%3%1#)$14$32+$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3$ 2"*+$"$.%44+,+#3$&1#3+Q3>$W#$32%)$0,1Y+&3H$32+$&")+$)3(.L$#+%/2\ -1,211.$ V")$ "$ .+#)+$ "#.$ &+#3,"'$ ",+"$ V%32$ (#%[(+$ 0,1-'+:)$ "#.$&2"''+#/+)>$$92+$'%:%3+.$":1(#3$14$4,++$10+#$)0"&+H$2%/2$ frequency car traffic and location close to the city center of M,%)23%#"$,+)('3+.$%#$%#$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$41&()+.$1#$0,1*%.%#/$-")%&$ 0(-'%&$ ":+#%3%+)$ "#.$ 3,"#)41,:%#/$ (#.+,()+.$ )0"&+)$ %#31$ 0(\ -'%&$",+")>$W#$1,.+,$31$()+$32+)+$0,101)+.$%#3+,*+#3%1#)H$W$V%''$ reflect on their applicability in other areas that changed during the period after the conflict. Those areas have different pro\ -'+:)$"#.$&2"''+#/+)$-(3$V%32$)%:%'",$011,$[("'%3L$)0"&+)$"#.$ '1V$'+*+'$&%3%e+#)2%0>$92+$:"0$)21V)$.%44+,+#3$#+%/2-1,211.)$ in Prishtina that have been affected by post conflict develop\ ment. Briefly I mention the situation and reflect on the possible ()+$14$32+$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$%#$32+$*",%1()$&1#3+Q3)>$

02. The disordered streets \$92+$%#3,1.(&3%1#$14$32+$%#3+,*+#\ 3%1#$41,$32+$*",%1()$)3,++3)$+44+&3)$32+$+#3%,+$#+%/2-1,211.>$W3$ asks a great deal of stakeholder participation and financial me\ "#)>$a+*+,32+'+))H$32+$%#3+,*+#3%1#$-+&1:+$4+")%-'+$,+'"3+.$31$ "''$32+$&1#.%3%1#)$%#$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$92+$011,$&1#.%3%1#)$"3$ 32+$:1:+#3$#++.$31$&2"#/+$"#.$3(,#%#/$32+$)3,++3)$%#31$/11.$ 0'"&+)$%)$32+$.,%*%#/$41,&+$"#.$:1)3$%:01,3"#3$%#3+,*+#3%1#$41,$ K1.1#">$$ ,*+$ D&'$ #28#.'%'$ #2.8'.($ \$ ]%32%#$ 32+$ %#3+,*+#3%1#$ 41,$ 32+$ &,1))%#/$:"#L$.%44+,+#3$)3"<+21'.+,)$#++.$31$-+$%#*1'*+.>$92+$ &,1))%#/)$%#$32+$%#3+,*+#3%1#$&2"#/+$32+$+Q%)3%#/$)0"&+$41&()+.$ on primarily traffic area into a space combining traffic, human :1*+:+#3)$"#.$:%&,1$0'"&+>$92+$'"33+,$3V1$V%''$/+3$:1,+$)0"&+$ and the first one needs the adapt a great deal. The interventi\ 1#$V%''$-+$4+")%-'+$32,1(/2$32+$"*"%'"-'+$)0"&+H$+#3,+0,+#+(,%"'$ )0%,%3H$)+",&2$41,$&1:41,3>$

92+$.+*+'10:+#3$"43+,$32+$V",$%#$32+$(,-"#$0+,%02+,L$2"00+\ #+.$1#$0,%*"3+$'"#.)>$92+L$(,-"#%e+.$",+")$0,+*%1()'L$()+.$"#.$ 4(#&3%1#%#/$")$"/,%&('3(,"'$'"#.)>$921)+$",+")$2".$#13$-++#$%#$ "#L$(,-"#$,+/('"31,L$0'"#$"#.$)1$,1".$"#.$)3,++3$&1#.%3%1#)$",+$ minimum. Often streets are not paved, no traffic signs placed "#.$)%.+V"'<)$.1$#13$+Q%)3>$W#$"$)+#)+$32%)$%)$#13$,+"''L$"$0,1\ -'+:$ -+&"()+$ 32+$ "3:1)02+,+$ %)$ '1&"'$ "#.$ )3,++3)$ .1$ 143+#$ 2"*+$"$.+".$+#.>$5)$1001)+.$31$K1.1#"H$)+,*%&+)$"#.$)210)$ ",+$'%:%3+.>$X#&+$%#$"$V2%'+$32+$21()+$1V#+,$3,"#)41,:+.$2%)$ ground floor into a micro shop. Part of the urban domain, im\ 0,1*+:+#3)$ 1#$ &1''+&3%*+$ )1&%"'$ "#.$ 3+&2#%&"'$ %#4,")3,(&3(,+)$ ",+$ #++.+.>$ a+*+,32+'+))H$ 32+$ -")%&$ .+)%/#$ %#3+,*+#3%1#)$ &"#$ "')1$-+$"00'%+.$%#$32%)$&1#3+Q3>$a+Q3$31$32"3H$32+L$#++.$31$-+$ %#$%#&1,01,"3+.$%#$32+$#+",-L$#+%/2-1,211.$.+*+'10:+#3$)3,"\ 3+/L$"#.$0'"#)>$

04. the sleeping construction and abandoned buildings \$ This intervention, using unfinished building and construction )%3+)$ 3+:01,",L$ "#.$ ,+#1*"3%#/$ "-"#.1#+.$ -(%'.%#/)$ %)$ &1:\ 0'+Q>$R%,)3H$32+$(#&'+",$4(3(,+$14$0'"#)$"#.$(,-"#$.+&%)%1#)$.1+)$ #13$/%*+$()$"$3%:+$)&"'+$41,$32+$()+$14$32+$)0"&+)>$G+&1#.H$32+$ 0,%*"3+$ 1V#+,)2%0$ %#&,+")+)$ 32+$ #+/13%"3%1#)$ 3%:+>$ 92%,.H$ 32+$ )"4+3L$ 14$ 32+$ )0"&+$ 41,$ &1::1#$ ()+$ %)$ (#&'+",>$ S")3H$ 32+$ (#\ <#1V#$)+",&2$41,$&1::(#%3L$"#.$%3)$*"'(+$":1#/$32+$)1&%+3L$%)$ '%:%3+.>$a+*+,32+'+))H$"''$&1#.%3%1#)$32"3$K1.1#"$144+,)$&1('.$ :"<+$32%)$%#3+,*+#3%1#$"#$%#3+,+)3%#/$)3+0$31$3"<+>$W3$144+,)$#+V$ "#.$%##1*"3%*+$()+$14$)0"&+$"#.$%)$10+#$31$*",%1()$"&3%*%3%+)>$ ,M+$G88'.$672#3$(@/#'($\$92+$%#3+,*+#3%1#$41,$(#()+.$"#.$'+43$ 1*+,$)0"&+$%)$*+,L$*"'("-'+$V%32%#$32+$'",/+,$0(-'%&$)0"&+$#+3\ V1,<>$W3$144+,)$%3)$,+)%.+#3)$#+V$1(3.11,$)0"&+)$"#.$10+#)$(0$ 32+$01))%-%'%3L$41,$#+V$,+'"3%1#)2%0)$"#.$&1::(#%3L$-(%'.%#/> The unknown ownership and direct surrounding is the difficult +'+:+#3$%#$32%)$%#3+,*+#3%1#>$_+,+$%3$%)$"-1(3$-(%'.%#/$32"3$,+'"\ 3%1#)2%0$"#.$144+,$)0"&+$%#$,+3(,#>$92+$+#3,+0,+#+(,%"'$)0%,3$"#.$ "*"%'"-'+$ )0"&+$ :"<+$ 32%)$ %#3+,*+#3%1#$ 4+")%-'+$ "#.$ %:01,3"#3$ %#$+Q3+#.%#/$32+$#+3V1,<$-+L1#.$32+$:%#%:(:$%#3+,*+#3%1#)>

92+$ #+%/2-1,211.)H$ )%:%'",$ ")$ K1.1#"$ ",+$ %#$ 32+$ #1,32$ "#.$ +")3$14$32+$&%3L$32+$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$&"#$-+$()+.$%#$32%)$",+">$a+\ *+,32+'+))H$ K1.1#"`)$ .+#)%3L$ %)$ 2%/2+,$ "#.$ "33,"&3)$ :1,+$ *%\ )%31,)>$92+$0",<$0'"L)$"$'",/+$,1'+$%#$32%)>$R1,$32+$132+,$#+%/2\ -1,211.)H$"$)%:%'",$"33,"&3%1#$1,$'",/+,$10+#$)0"&+$1,$/,++#+,L$ )21('.$-+$0",3$14$32+$)3,"3+/L$"#.$.+)%/#>$W3$#++.)$31$2"*+$"$ 776

Map of Prishtina

Variety of neighborhoods

urban periphery dense neighborhoods central district student district socialist highrise high classe residential business & Industrial 0

villlages

2km

Fig. 141 Post conflict Prishtina

&1::(#%3L$ &+#3,"'$ )0"&+$ V2%&2$ )+,*+)$ 32+$ ."%'L$ 0(-'%&$ #++.)$ 14$%3)$,+)%.+#3)>$

0","3+$[("'%3L$",+")$V%321(3$)+,*%#/$32+$'",/+,$0(-'%&$#+3V1,<>$ 92+$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$%#$32%)$0,1Y+&3$"&3$1#$32+$'%:%3+.$-")%&$[("'%3L$ 14$32+$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$0'"&+)>$W#$32+$&+#3+,H$32+$&1##+&3%1#$ -+3V++#$32+$0(-'%&$"#.$0,%*"3+$%)$+[("''L$'%:%3+.>$G1:+$",+")$ ",+$ *+,L$ "&3%*+$ "#.$ )21V$ "$ /11.$ 0'"&+$ .+)%/#$ -(3$ )3%''$ :"#L$ ",+")$&1('.$()+$32+$0,101)+.$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$41,$:"<%#/$32+$&+#\ 3+,$"')1$0'"&+$14$-+'1#/%#/>$a13$Y()3$")$'+%)(,+$.%)3,%&3>

92+$ )1&%"'%)3$ 2%/2$ ,%)+$ ",+")$ %#$ 32+$ )1(32$ ",+$ 4"&%#/$ .%44+,+#3$ 0,1-'+:)>$ U#1(/2$ )0"&+$ %)$ 0,1*%.+.H$ )3,++3)$ ",+$ ,+'"3%*+'L$ 14$ /11.$[("'%3L$"#.$32+,+$%)$:1,+$)0"&+$41,$*",%1()$)1&%"'$/,1(0)>$ 92+$ #+%/2-1,211.)$ ",+$ :1)3'L$ ,+)%.+#3%"'$ "#.$ 4(#&3%1#)$ ",+$ &+#3,"'$'1&"3+.$%#$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$5#$"&3%*+$)3,++3$'%4+$%)$'%\ :%3+.$"#.$:"#L$)0"&+)$+:03L>$92+$,+'"3%1#$-+3V++#$32+$-(%'\ .%#/$"#.$32+$)(,,1(#.%#/$)0"&+$%)$#13$V+''$.+)%/#+.>$5$):"''$ amount of micro businesses appeared on the ground floors but most ground floors are blind walls. The approach used in this 0,1Y+&3$,+'"3+.$31$)(001,3$#+V$-()%#+))+)$"#.$)3",3\(0)H$()+.$ .+)%/#$3+&2#%[(+)$41,$-,%#/%#/$31/+32+,$.%44+,+#3$"&3%*%3%+)$"#.$ %##1*"3%*+$()+$14$'+43$14$)0"&+)$&1('.$-+$"$V"L$31$,+#+V$32+)+$ #+%/2-1,211.)$311>$

92+$ ",+")$ 14$ 32+$ (#%*+,)%3L$ "#.$ )3(.+#3$ .%)3,%&3$ 2"*+$ .%*+,)+$ (,-"#$4"-,%&>$92+$(#%*+,)%3L$&":0()H$V2%&2$%)$&+#3,"''L$'1&"3+.$ %)$ :"%#3"%#+.$ 011,'L>$ W#\41,:"'%e"3%1#$ 14$ )0"&+H$ 011,$ [("'%3L$ 14$ *+,L$ 013+#3%"'$ /,++#$ ",+")$ "#.$ '%:%3+.$ "33,"&3%1#$ 14$ .%*+,\ )+$)1&%"'$/,1(0)$&1('.$()+$32+$0,101)+.$%.+")$%#$32+$0,1Y+&3>$ I)%#/$32+$"&3%*+$L1(#/$010('"3%1#$%#$&,+"3%#/$"#$"&3%*+$0(-'%&$ .1:"%#$ V2%&2$ %)$ %#3+,+)3%#/$ 41,$ 32+$ '",/+,$ &1#3+Q3$ &"#$ :"<+$ 32%)$ ",+"$ 0",3$ 14$ 32+$ (,-"#$ 0(-'%&$ .1:"%#>$ W#$ "..%3%1#H$ %3$ &"#$ -+&1:+$"#$%:01,3"#3$+'+:+#3$%#$+Q3+#.%#/$32+$'"#.)&"0+$"#.$ +&1'1/L$%$32+$1*+,-(%'.$&%3L>

92+$&+#3,"'$",+"$%)$"',+".L$%#$3,"#)%3%1#$31V",.)$"$:1,+$[("'%\ 3"3%*+$0'"&+>$92+$0+.+)3,%"#%e%#/$14$F132+,$92+,+)"$-1('+*",.$ was the first step providing place for its residents and even on "$#"3%1#"'$)&"'+>$92+$"33,"&3%*+$01V+,$14$32+$&+#3+,$%)$+#1,:1()$ "#.$.(,%#/$32+$."L$:"#L$*%)%3$32+$",+">$W3$%)$"$0'"&+$41,$)1&%"'$ %#3+,"&3%1#$"#.$'+%)(,+>$92+$132+,$)%.+$%)$32+$.%,+&3$-"&<L",.$14$ 32+$-1('+*",.H$%3$%)$,+)%.+#3%"'$V%32$:%Q+.$()+$",+")>$92+$"':1)3$ (#\M,%)23%#"$ '%<+$ [("'%3L$ 14$ 32+$ -1('+*",.$ %)$ 32+$ 1001)%3+$ 14$ :"#L$#+%/2-1,%#/$)3,++3)>$92+L$",+$#13$%#3+,+)3%#/H$.",<$0'"&+)$ "#.$#13$"33,"&3%*+>$W#$/+#+,"'H$32+$&+#3+,$%)$"$&1:01)%3%1#$14$)+\

W#$/+#+,"'H$32+$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$",+$3"%'1,$:".+$41,$32+$&1#3+Q3$14$ K1.1#"$ -(3$ .1$ 144+,$ 01))%-%'%3%+)$ %#$ ()%#/$ %3$ %#$ .%44+,+#3$ &1#\ 3+Q3)>$92+$"00,1"&2$"#.$)3,"3+/L$41,$32+$:(#%&%0"'%3L$%)$/11.$ 41,$32+$+#3%,+$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3H$32+$0",3%&('",$"&3%1#)$)21('.$ -+$ 41&()+.$ 1#$ 32+$ '1&"'$ 0,1-'+:)>$ 92+$ +)3"-'%)2:+#3$ 14$ 32+$ ,+'"3%1#)2%0$-+3V++#$32+$0(-'%&$"#.$0,%*"3+$%)$%#$0'"&+$41,$+*+,L$ #+%/2-1,211.>

77@

PFG'A31&6-+,31+

PFG'A31&6-+,31+

I#,+/('"3+.$ "#.$ %#41,:"'$ .+*+'10:+#3$ ",+$ 1#+$ 14$ 32+$ &1,+$ 0,1\ blems in post conflict areas. Current rebuilding and city planning 4"&+$3,+:+#.1()$&2"''+#/+)$,+/('"3%#/$,"0%.$.+*+'10:+#3$14$32+$ (,-"#$ +#*%,1#:+#3$ "#.$ ,+)+,*%#/$ "#.$ 0,+)+,*%#/$ )0"&+$ 41,$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$.1:"%#>$92+$'"33+,$1#+$2")$-++#$143+#$.%),+/",.+.$%3)$%:\ 01,3"#&+>$ W3$ 2")$ -++#$ 41(#.$ 32"3$ 0(-'%&$ )0"&+$ "#.$ )1&%"'$ 0'"&+)$ ",+$ 0",3$ 14$ 32+$ -")%&$ #++.)H$ +)0+&%"''L$ %#$ .+*+'10%#/$ &1(#3,%+)>$ W#3+/,"3%#/$ 32"3$ 0(-'%&$ .%:+#)%1#$ V%32%#$ &(,,+#3$ &1#3+Q3)$ 14$ 01)3$ conflict conditions has great challenges. This thesis focused on the 41''1V%#/$[(+)3%1#b How can spatial interventions improve the quality of living in post conflict Dodona and how could those contribute to a coC hesive socio-spatial environment.

W#$ 1,.+,$ 31$ "#)V+,$ 32%)$ :"%#$ ,+)+",&2$ [(+)3%1#H$ )+*+#$ ,+)+",&2$ questions were defined to contribute to a final answer. The first ,+)+",&2$[(+)3%1#$,+'"3+.$31$32+$&1#.%3%1#)$"#.$)%3("3%1#)$32"3$32+$ post conflict development processes have caused in Prishtina. Pris\ 3%#"`)$(,-"#$4"-,%&$&2"#/+.$,"0%.'L$"#.$V%32$+#1,:1()$&1#)+[(+#\ &+)$41,$32+$01)%3%1#$14$32+$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$0",<)>$W3$2")$-+&1:+$ &'+",$32"3$%3$%)$"$&1:-%#"3%1#$14$.%44+,+#3$&%,&(:)3"#&+)$32"3$&"()+.$ 41,$32+$.+3+,%1,"3%1#$14$32+$(,-"#$[("'%3L>$W#$/+#+,"'H$32%)$3,"#)%3%1#$ &"#$-+$'%)3+.$1#$32+$2+".%#/b$%#.%*%.("'%):>$92%)$:+"#3$41,$32+$&1#\ .%3%1#)$14$32+$&1::1#$/,1(#.)$"#.$0(-'%&$/11.)$31$.+&,+")+$%#$ [("'%3L$"#.$143+#$+*+#$31$.%)"00+",>$F"#L$01%#3$%#$32+$.%,+&3%1#$14$ 32+$/1*+,#:+#3$"#.$:(#%&%0"'%3L$V2+#$%3$&1:+)$31$32+$011,$&1#.%\ 3%1#)$14$32+$0(-'%&$/,1(#.)$"#.$/11.)>$92+$,+)('3$14$)+'4\/1*+,#%#/$ as a new in depended country has not yet reflected in improved the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c1)1*1$.(,%#/$32%)$0,1Y+&3$32+$/+#+,"'$1-)+,*"3%1#$%)$32"3$M,%)23%#"$ %)$&"3&2%#/$(0$[(%&<'L$%#$32+$/'1-"''L$)+",&2$41,$&1:41,3$"#.$/11.$ (,-"#$0'"&+)>$5)$0,14+))1,$R'1,%#"$g+,'%($:+#3%1#+.$.(,%#/$32+$%#\ 3+,*%+VH$32+$c1)1*1$"#.$M,%)23%#"$010('"3%1#$%#$0",3%&('",$)21V$2%/2$ '+*+')$14$"."03"-%'%3L$"#.$,+)%'%+#&+>$92,1(/2$:('3%0'+$3,"#)%3%1#)$%#$ 32+$0")3$A!\8!$L+",)$'%*%#/$V%32$(#&+,3"%#3%+)$%)$0",3$14$."%'L$'%4+$-(3$ this does not influence their need for an active public life. The â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;out\ /1%#/`$&('3(,"'$&2","&3+,%)3%&)$0,1*%.+$M,%)23%#"$V%32$"$-()L$"':1)3$ &1):101'%3"#$*%-+$"#.$"3:1)02+,+>$P'+",$%)$32"3H$",+")$32"3$2"*+$ -++#$&2"#/+.$%#$4"*1,$14$32+$0(-'%&$'%4+$'%<+$F132+,$92+,+)"$)3,++3$ 2"*+$+*+#$32+$01V+,$31$"&3$1#$#"3%1#"'$)&"'+)>$92"3$)1&%"'$.%:+#\

77A

)%1#$ %)$ *+,L$ %:01,3"#3$ %)$ ."%'L$ '%*+)$ 14$ %#2"-%3"#3)>$ a+*+,32+'+))H$ )+0","3%1#$14$.%44+,+#3$)1&%"'$/,1(0)$%)$2"00+#%#/$"#.$32+$'1&"3%\ 1#$"#.$01)%3%1#$14$.%44+,+#3$:%#1,%3L$/,1(0)$")$0",3$14$32%)$)1&%+3L$ need to be enhanced. While studying post conflict processes and 0(-'%&$'%4+$32+1,%+)$)L)3+:)$32+$)1&%"'H$+&1#1:%&H$01'%3%&"'H$&('3(,"'$ "#.$+#*%,1#:+#3"'$&1#3+Q3)$",+$&,(&%"'$31$(#.+,)3"#.>$92%)$32+)%)$ aimed to develop spatial interventions for post conflict Dodona, a #+%/2-1,211.$%#$32+$+")3$14$M,%)23%#">$92+$.+&,+")+$14$0",3%&('",'L$ 32+$)0"3%"'$+#*%,1#:+#3$2")$+44+&3$1#$"$[("'%3L$0(-'%&$'%4+>$W#$1,.+,$ 31$(#.+,)3"#.$32+$'1&"'$)1&%1\)0"3%"'$")0+&3)$32"3$&2","&3+,%e+$32+$ #+%/2-1,211.$"#$+Q3+#)%*+$"#"'L)%)$2")$-++#$.1#+>$W3$"%:)$31$(#\ .+,)3"#.$32+$)1&%1\)0"3%"'$&1::1#$/,1(#.$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>$$ JL$1-)+,*%#/$&'1)+'LH$32+$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#$32+$-+41,+$:+#3%1#+.$ characteristics were confirmed. Different social groups are more or less present but facing difficulties in performing their choice 14$ "&3%*%3%+)>$ 92+$ )0"&+$ %#$ 32+$ )3,++3)H$ V2%&2$ ",+$ 32+$ 1#'L$ 0(-'%&$ ",+")$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.$.1$#13$144+,$[("'%3L$)0"&+$41,$"$'1&"'$ &21%&+$14$()+>$92+$&",$.1:%#"3+)$32+$)3,++3$)&+#+$"#.$%)$3"<+#$%#$ "''$"*"%'"-'+$)0"&+>$W3$%)$0",3'L$32+$)0"3%"'$.+)%/#$1,$'"&<$14$32"3$%)$ &"()%#/$ 4,++$ ()+$ -(3$ "')1$ 32+$ :+#3"'%3L$ "#.$ -+2"*%1,$ %#$ 32+$ 0(\ -'%&>$92+$"#"'L)%)$%)$3,"#)4+,,+.$%#31$"#$1*+,*%+V$14$0"33+,#)$14$K1\ .1#">$x("'%3%+)H$013+#3%"')$"#.$&2"''+#/+)$144+,$"#$%#)%/23$%#$32+$ "*"%'"-'+$(#.+,()+.$)0"&+)H$"&3%*+$"#.$.+".$",+")$"#.$&(,,+#3'L$ 144+,+.$01))%-%'%3%+)$41,$"&3%*%3%+)>$T+)+",&2$)21V)$32"3$32+,+$%)$"$ /"0$-+3V++#$32+$0(-'%&$'%4+$"#.$0,%*"3+$.1:"%#>$92+$V"L$0+10'+$ "&3$ "#.$ &",+$ 41,$ 32+%,$ 1V#$ 0,10+,3L$ %)$ *+,L$ .%44+,+#3$ 4,1:$ 32+%,$ -+2"*%1,$%#$32+$0(-'%&$&1::1#$)0"&+)>$92+$'+*+'$14$-+'1#/%#/$31$ 32+$#+%/2-1,211.$"#.$"$)+#)+$14$&%3%e+#)2%0$%)$:%))%#/>$92"3$'1&"'$ (#.+,)3"#.%#/$2")$-++#$/%*+#$)0"&+$%#$32+$0,1Y+&3>$W#*1'*%#/$32+$ 010('"3%1#$%#$0'"##%#/$"#.$.+&%)%1#$:"<%#/$%)$,"32+,$%:01,3"#3>$ c#1V'+./+$14$'1&"'$)"3%)4"&3%1#$V%32$32+$&(,,+#3$(,-"#$&1#.%3%1#)$ "#.$#++.)$"#.$0,%1,%3%+)$"&&1,.%#/$32+$%#2"-%3"#3)$&1#3,%-(3+.$31$ 32+$.+)%/#>$G0"3%"'$%#3+,*+#3%1#)$#++.$31$%:0,1*+$'1&"'$'%*+)>$W#2"\ -%3"#3)$:".+$&'+",$32+%,$&1#&+,#)$"-1(3$32+$)0"3%"'$1,/"#%e"3%1#$ "#.$011,$[("'%3L$14$32+$0(-'%&$",+")>$5$&'+",$#++.$41,$&1:41,3$V")$ 01%#3+.$1(3>$ 5$ .+)%/#$ ,+)+",&2$ 4,":+V1,<$ %)$ .+*+'10+.$ 31$ .+)%/#$ h)0"3%"'i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b$32+$%)1'"3+.$0(-'%&$ )0"&+)H$32+$.%)1,.+,+.$)3,++3H$&1#&,+3+$&,1))%#/H$%##+,$-'1&<$)0"\

ces, unfinished construction and abandoned buildings, vacancies "#.$32+$&('3(,"'$&1##+&31,>$5''$+#2"#&+$32+$'1&"'$[("'%3%+)$"#.$()+$ 32+$013+#3%"')$14$32+$)0"3%"'$+#*%,1#:+#3>$92+$)0"3%"'$"/+#."$32"3$ defines the strategic themes is integrated in the design interven\ 3%1#)$")$V+''$")$32+$#++.)$14$32+$'1&"'$)1&%+3L>$92+$.+)%/#$)21V+.$ that there are five conditions that contribute to the development 14$ K1.1#"`)$ 0(-'%&$ )0"&+$ #+3V1,<$ N$ [("'%3L$ (,-"#$ .1:"%#b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e+#)2%0$"#.$"&3%*+$0(-'%&\0,%\ vate networks. The feasibility of the interventions has reflected.

R%#"#&%"'$ &"0"&%3L$ 14$ 32+$ :(#%&%0"'%3L$ %)$ '%:%3+.$ "#.$ )01#)1,%#/$ -L$ h%#3+,i\#"3%1#"'$ .1#1,)$ "3$ 32%)$ 01%#3$ %)$ #+&+))",L>$ W#$ "..%3%1#H$ 32+$"&3%*+$0",3%&%0"3%1#$14$%#2"-%3"#3)H$anX`)H$"#.$132+,$)3"<+21'\ .+,)$%)$&,(&%"'$31$32+$0,1Y+&3>$S")3H$32+$&1::%3:+#3$"#.$,+#+V+.$ 0(-'%&$&",$14$32+$0(-'%&$-1.%+)$%)$+))+#3%"'>$92+$0,1Y+&3)$0'"##%#/$ "#.$3%:+$)&"'+$0,101)+)$"$.+3"%'+.$"00,1"&2$31$,+"'%e+$32+$%#3+,\ *+#3%1#)>$]%32$32+$()+$14$0%'13$0,1Y+&3)$41,$+*+,L$%#3+,*+#3%1#H$32+$ 1(3&1:+)$&"#$-+$+*"'("3+.$"#.$-+$&,%3%&%e+.$-L$"''$)3"<+21'.+,)$%#$ 1,.+,$31$%:0,1*+$0+,:"#+#3$"&3%1#)>$W#$"..%3%1#H$321)+$%#3+,*+#3%\ ons can be reflected upon their applicability in different contexts.

M,%)23%#"$2")$*",%1()$#+%/2-1,211.)$32"3$2"*+$-++#$"44+&3+.$-L$ the post conflict processes. The design interventions are tailor made for Dodona, but it is worth reflecting their possible use in 132+,$#+%/2-1,211.)>$W3$)21V)$32"3$%#$#+%/2-1,211.)H$0(-'%&$)0"\ &+)$)21V$)%:%'",$&1#.%3%1#)>$5."03$32+$0(-'%&$"00,1"&2$31$321)+$ )%3("3%1#)$&"#$%:0,1*+$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$&1#.%3%1#)$311>$ 92+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 14$ 32+$ .+)%/#$ %#3+,*+#3%1#)$ )21V$ 32"3$ "$ ,+#+\ V+.$0(-'%&$)0"&+$#+3V1,<$&"#$-+$%#3+/,"3+.$%#$"$#+%/2-1,211.$ affected by post conflict processes. It can contribute to an inte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e+.>

778

7.0 Reflection

7.0 Reflection

92+$310%&$14$32%)$/,".("3%1#$0,1Y+&3$%)$/"%#%#/$%:01,3"#&+$#1V"\ ."L)>$;",%1()$1,/"#%e"3%1#)$"#.$%#)3%3(3%1#)$",+$0(33%#/$0,+))(,+$1#$ 32+$+))+#3%"')$14$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3)$V%32$/'1-"'$,+)+",&2$1#$%#3,%#\ )%&$*"'(+)$14$&%3%+)>$W#$32+)+$,+)+",&2$0,1Y+&3)$32+$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#$ of rebuilding after a civil strife or conflict is pointed as important but neglected in significantly. This project is inspired by the general %#3+,+)3$%#$*",%1()$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3)$"#.$-"&</,1(#.)$14$)1&%+3L$ "#.$ 32+%,$ (,-"#$ 0,%#3$ %#$ &%3%+)>$ c1)1*1$ /13$ V%32%#$ :L$ *%)%1#$ "#.$ 41&()$.(+$31$%3)$*+,L$(#%[(+$&%,&(:)3"#&+)$"#.$'%:%3+.$3%:+$0"))+.$ since the conflict. It could show through research its situations as a post conflict place within the European context, which we know /+#+,"''L$14$32+$)3"3+$0'"##+.$,+&1#)3,(&3%1#$14$41,$+Q":0'+$T13\ terdam as post-conflict rebuilding process. The main context I refer 31$%)$32+$1*+,"''$)%3("3%1#$14$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3)$.+)&,%-+.$")$(,-"#$ areas in transition, accelerated by a conflict. More and more places see figures on p. 16-19 will reach the point of somehow of the post conflict period and the challenges that it brings.

'+*+')$3,%+)$31$,+"''L$31(&2$32+$#+&+))",L$"#.$-")%&$#++.)$14$0(-'%&$ life first. It works as system on multiple levels in order to enhance 0(-'%&$'%4+>$

W$ )3",3+.$ V%32$ "$ '%3+,"3(,+$ )3(.L$ 1#$ 0(-'%&$ '%4+$ "#.$ 0","''+'$ 1#$ post- conflict situations. This combination of understanding both )'1V+.$ .1V#$ 32+$ 0,1Y+&3)$ 0,1&+))>$ J132$ ",+$ +Q3+#)%*+$ 0",3)$ 14$ ,+)+",&2$ "#.$ %#*1'*+$ *",%1()$ 132+,$ .1:"%#)H$ '%<+$ 32+$ )1&%"'$ +#\ *%,1#:+#3H$+&1#1:LH$2%)31,LH$&('3(,+H$%#)3%3(3%1#"'$"#.$%#3+,#"3%1\ #"'$)L)3+:)>$92+$'"&<$14$."3"$"#.$:"0)$V")$%#&,+")%#/$32+$#++.$ 41,$)+'4\1,/"#%e"3%1#>$W#$1,.+,$31$&'+",$:%#.)$"#.$/"%#$-+33+,$.%,+&3$ (#.+,)3"#.%#/H$ )+*+,"'$ )21,3+,$ "#.$ '1#/+,$ 3,%0)$ V+,+$ :".+>$ W#\ 3+,*%+V)$V%32$*",%1()$)3"<+21'.+,)H$,+)+",&2+,)$"#.$0,14+))%1#"')$ slowly made the story clearer. The story of conflict related places %)$143+#$"$&1:0'+Q$1#+H$#13$+*+#$:+#3%1#%#/$32+$0,1&+))$14$(,\ -"#$ .+*+'10:+#3>$ 5)$ )++#$ %#$ 32+$ ,+)+",&2H$ 32+$ (,-"#$ 4"-,%&$ 14$ K1.1#"$#+%/2-1,211.$"#.$32+$'",/+,$(,-"#$&1#3+Q3$&2"#/+.$3,+\ mendously, which indicates so many other issues and conflicts on 92+$:"%#$,+)+",&2$[(+)3%1#$14$32%)$/,".("3%1#$0,1Y+&3$%)b$_1V$&"#$ ",&2%3+&3(,"'H$&1#)3,(&3%1#H$%#4,")3,(&3(,+$"#.$+#*%,1#:+#3"'$'+*+')$ spatial interventions improve the quality of living in post conflict V2%&2$&1('.$#13$"''$-+$"#)V+,+.> K1.1#"$"#.$21V$&1('.$321)+$&1#3,%-(3+$31$"$&12+)%*+$)1&%1\)0"\ 92+$ 0,1Y+&3$ ()+)$ M,%)23%#"$ ")$ "$ &")+$ )3(.L$ %#$ 32+$ 310%&)$ 14$ 01)3$ 3%"'$+#*%,1#:+#3f 92+$[(+)3%1#$%)$.%*%.+.$%#31$)(-$[(+)3%1#)$32"3$%#.%*%.("''L$"#)V+,$ conflict development and public life, and the approach of the so\ elements of the main question. Questions on post-conflict tran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c1)1*1>$ 2+,+$",+$3"%'1,$:".+H$32+)+$",+$"$&1:-%#"3%1#$14$&,+"3%*+$32%#<%#/$ Much written about post conflict, rebuilding its physical, etc. but V%32$<#1V'+./+$14$/+#+,"'$0(-'%&$'%4+$.+)%/#$+Q":0'+)>$92+L$2"*+$ 0,"&3%&"'$(,-"#$%.+")$"-1(3$):"''$%:0,1*+:+#3)O$)3,"3+/%&$.+)%/#) been influenced by the satisfaction and evaluation of the urban "#.$ %#3+/,"3+.$ 0'"#)$ ",+$ #13$ :(&2$ .+*+'10+.$ L+3>$ 92+,+41,+H$ W$ +#*%,1#:+#3$14$32+$'1&"'$010('"3%1#$%#$32+$)(,*+LH$/+#+,"'$Ia\2"\ 32%#<$32"3$32+$0,1Y+&3$,+"''L$&1#3,%-(3+)$31$32+$V%.+,$)1&%"'$&1#3+Q3$ -%3"3$0,%#&%0'+)$1#$0(-'%&$)0"&+)$"#.$)3,++3)>$R(,32+,$"#.$-,1".+,$ 14$)()3"%#"-'+$,+#+V"'$"#.$'%*"-%'%3L$14$01)3$V",$.+*+'10:+#3$0,1\ ,+)+",&2$ &"#$ 0,1*%.+$ 132+,$ )1'(3%1#)$ 4,1:$ V1,'.'L$ .+)%/#)$ +')+\ &+))+)>$_1V+*+,H$32%)$0,1Y+&3$#++.)$)1:+$:1,+$%#$.+032$,+)+",&2$ where in which post conflict processes were tackled. "#.$ 3+)3%#/$ 31$ ,+"''L$ (#.+,)3"#.$ 32+$ %:0"&3$ 14$ 32+$ )1'(3%1#)$ "#.$ 32+$.+)%/#>$J+)%.+)$32"3H$32+$0,1Y+&3$'+"*+)$",+")$(#31(&2+.$V%32%#$ JL$"$'%3+,"3(,+$,+*%+VH$132+,$,+)+",&2$.1&(:+#3"3%1#H$0+,)1#"'$1-\ 32+$ )1&%"'$ +#*%,1#:+#3$ '%<+$ )1&%"'$ 21()%#/$ "#.$ 1,/"#%e"3%1#"'$ "&\ )+,*"3%1#)$"#.$%#3+,*%+V)$V%32$'1&"'$0,14+))%1#"')$"#.$)3"<+21'.+,)$ 3%*%3%+)$ %#$ 32+$ &1::(#%3L$ -(%'.%#/$ "#.$ )1&%"'$ )3(.%+)$ ",+">$ X32+,$ W$41(#.$32+$&2"''+#/+)$%#$.+)%/#%#/$,+#+V+.$0(-'%&$'%4+$%#$K1.1#"$ :1,+$)0"3%"'$%))(+)$32"3$2"*+#`3$-++#$,+)+",&2+.$"3$32+$:1:+#3$%)$ -(3$%#$/+#+,"'$"''$#+%/2-1,211.)$14$M,%)23%#">$92+#$W$*%)%3+.$M,%)2\ 32+$011,'L$0(-'%&$3,"#)01,3$)%3("3%1#H$32+$&1#.%3%1#)$14$32+$*",%1()$ tina again for 2,5 months to do the fieldwork and interviewing. An 21()%#/$)3L'+)$"#.$%3)$01))%-'+$(0/,".+$"#.$%#3+/,"3%1#$V%32%#$32+$ +Q3+#)%*+$0",3$14$32+$,+)+",&2$"#.$"%:$%)$"-1(3$32+$+Q%)3%#/$[("\ )3,++3$"#.$'")3H$32+$0",<%#/$)%3("3%1#$"#.$&",\()+$-+2"*%1,$14$32+$)1\ '%3L$14$32+$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$"#.$)1&%"'$+#*%,1#:+#3H$-(3$0",3%&('",'L$ ciety. The design and the project is focusing firstly on the spatial re\ gaining local knowledge on situations and absorbing specifics of quirements of places and the search for these within the conflicted post conflict characteristics in the local context. In collaboration (,-"#$4"-,%&>$92%)$%)$(#.+,)311.$-L$()%#/$02L)%&"'$%#.%&"31,)$()+.$%#$ with urban research company: PRO Planning and the office for public life studies to reflect the existing situation. They contribute I,-"#$ T+/+#+,"3%1#$ "#.$ c1)1*1`)$ 5,&2%3+&3(,+$ R1(#."3%1#$ #+V$ 31$(#.+,)3"#.%#/$14$32+%,$)1&%"'$%:0"&3$%#$"#$(,-"#$+#*%,1#:+#3>$ #+3V1,<)$ :".+$ %3$ 01))%-'+$ 31$ (#.+,)3"#.$ 32+$ )%3("3%1#$ :1,+$ %#$ 92+$ M,%1,%3L$ &1#&+03$ 14$ :%#%:(:\.+)%,+.\:"Q%:(:$ %#3+,*+#3%1#$ .+032$"#.$:".+$%3$01))%-'+$31$&'1)+'L$"-)1,-$32+$#+%/2-1,211.>

76!

92+$.+)%/#$.+*+'10:+#3$32,1(/2$32+$,+)+",&2$)3",3+.$31$+*1'*+>$ 5$ '%)3$ 14$ &2"''+#/+)$ #++.$ 31$ -+$ 3"&<'+.$ 32,1(/2$ 32+$ .+)%/#$ 4,1:$ 32+$,+)+",&2$0+,)0+&3%*+>$J+)%.+)$32"3H$32+$:%#.$14$32+$%#.%*%.("'$ designer and with that specific aims and ideals chanced the direc\ 3%1#$14$32+$.+)%/#$)1:+21V>$92+$(,-"#$4++'%#/$"#.$)+#)+$14$32+$ 0,1-'+:)$10+#+.$(0$#+V$0",3)$14$32+$#+%/2-1,211.b$32+$2%)31,L$ 14$ 0(-'%&$ '%4+$ %#$ 32+$ 100,+))+.$ 0+,%1.$ %#$ ^Z!)H$ 32+$ (#%[(+#+))$ 14$ the self-organization and the rich street profiles that were created "#.$32+$+#3,+0,+#+(,%"'$"#.$10+#$&2","&3+,%)3%&)$14$32+$010('"3%1#>$ 92+$ .+)%/#$ -+&":+$ :1,+$ 32"#$ Y()3$ 32+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 14$ "$ -+33+,$ )3,++3$1,$)[(",+$%3$/13$"$)+#)+$14$"&3%*%):$"#.$V%32$32"3$)3"3+:+#3)$ "-1(3$ 0'"##%#/$ [(+)3%1#)H$ )3"3+\&1::(#%3L$ ,+'"3%1#)H$ )+'4\1,/"#%\ e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a+V$0(-'%&$0'"&+)$V%32%#$ 32+$ '",/+,$ #+3V1,<$ ",+$ %#&,+")%#/$ 32+$ 0(-'%&\0,%*"3+$ &1::(#%&"\ 3%1#H$ -(3$ :1)3$ %:01,3"#3$ /,1V%#/$ 32+$ )+#)+$ 14$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$ ,+"':b$ )0+#.%#/$ 3%:+$ 1(3)%.+$ "#.$ %#&,+")%#/$ 32+$ )1&%"'$ +#*%,1#:+#3H$ "$ 4++'%#/$14$&%3%e+#)2%0>$W#$"..%3%1#H$%3$%)$%:01,3"#3$41,$32+$&1::(#%3L$ 31$-+$%#*1'*+.$%#$32+$0,1&+))>$5)$.+)&,%-+.$%#$32+$.+)%/#$,+)+",&2H$ :1)3$ %:01,3"#3$ %)$ 32+$ 0",3%&%0"3%1#$ "#.$ &1::(#%&"3%1#$ -+3V++#$ 32+$0(-'%&$"#.$0,%*"3+$0",3)$14$32+$)1&%+3L> W#$/+#+,"'H$32+$"%:$14$32+$0,1Y+&3b$&,+"3%#/$"$)1&%1\)0"3%"'$&1::1#$ /,1(#.$"#.$"$,+#+V+.$0(-'%&$.1:"%#$&1('.$-+$3+)3+.$+')+V2+,+>$$ The case of Dodona, is not unique as a post conflict development process. However, the design interventions are very specific to the '1&"'$ &1#3+Q3$ "#.$ &2"''+#/+)>$ 92+$ *%)%1#$ "#.$ %.+"$ 1#$ 32+$ 132+,$ hand are more general for post conflict situations. It is worth gene\ ,"3%#/$-")%&$0,%#&%0'+)$1(3$14$32%)$0,1Y+&3$32"3$V2%&2$&"#$-+$32+$)3",3$ of strategies for other post conflict situations.

767

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Literture References 5/#+VH$g>$5>$h6!!Bi>$G0"&+b$M'"&+>$W#$M>$P'1<+$N$T>$g12#)31#$hU.)>iH$G0"&+)$14$/+1/,"02%&"'$321(/23b$K+&1#)3,(&3%#/$2(:"#$/+1/,"02L`)$-%#",%+)$h00>$C7\ZAi>$S1#.1#b$G"/+> 5'+Q"#.+,H$P>$h7Z88i>$5$M"33+,#$S"#/("/+b$91V#)H$J(%'.%#/)H$P1#)3,(&3%1#b$XIM$IG5> 5'+Q"#.+,H$P>$h7Z8Zi>$92+$9%:+'+))$]"L$14$J(%'.%#/b$XQ41,.$I#%*+,)%3L$M,+))> 5:%#H$5>$h6!!Ci>$P1''+&3%*+$&('3(,+$"#.$(,-"#$0(-'%&$)0"&+>$P%3LH$76h7iH$B\6E>$ 500'+L",.H$K>$h7ZC7i>$S%*"-'+$G3,++3)b$I#%*+,)%3L$14$P"'%41,#%"$M,+))> 500'+L",.H$K>H$N$g"&1-)H$5>$J>$h7ZC6i>$91V",.$5#$I,-"#$K+)%/#$F"#%4+)31>$g1(,#"'$14$32+$5:+,%&"#$M'"##%#/$5))1&%"3%1#H$@6>$ J+*"#H$T>$h6!!Ai>$92+$.+)3,(&3%1#$14$:+:1,Lb$5,&2%3+&3(,+$"3$V",>$S1#.1#b$T+"<%31#$J11<)> P2",'+)V1,32H$U>$h6!!8i>$5,&2%3+&3)$)21('.$"&3z$;1'(:+$\$P%3%+)$I#-(%'.H$5,&2%)H$76\7B>$ P1::%))%1#H$U>$h6!!@i>$U(,10+"#$P1::1#$W#.%&"31,)>$F%'"#b$5:-%+#3+$W3"'%"$T+)+",&2$W#)3%3(3+> P1##1''LH$]>$h6!!Bi>$M'(,"'%):>$K(,2":b$K(<+$I#%*+,)%3L$M,+))> T+)1'(3%1#$76EEH$GOTUGO76EE$P>R>T>$h7ZZZi> P,+))V+''H$9>$h6!!Ei>$M'"&+b$5$G21,3$W#3,1.(&3%1#b$]%'+L> P(''+#H$n>$h7ZA7i>$92+$P1#&%)+$91V#)&"0+b$5,&2%3+&3(,"'$M,+))> K+'"#."H$F>$h6!!!i>$5$921()"#.$d+",)$14$a1#\S%#+",$_%)31,L>$a+V$d1,<b$t1#+> K1#14,%1H$9>$5>$h6!7!i>$n,1(#.$t+,1$"#.$M'"&+\F"<%#/$5(321,%3Lb$92+$P1#)+,*"3%*+$F+3"021,)$%#$ZO77$R":%'%+)`$j9"<+$J"&<$32+$F+:1,%"'k$T2+31,%&>$]+)3+,#$g1(,#"'$14$P1::(#%&"3%1#H$8Eh6iH$ 7B!\7AZ>$.1%b7!>7!C!O7!B8!@77!!@A7EEZ6 UGW>$h6!!Ai>$I310%"#$*%)%1#)H$n1*+,#"#&+$R"%'(,+)$%#$c1)1*1`)$P"0%3"'>$T+3,%+*+.$4,1:$M,%)23%#"b$2330bOOVVV>+)%V+->1,/O RUG>$h6!7Bi>$92+$c1)1*1$91,,+#3$31$UI$\$M+10'+H$,+")1#)$"#.$V"L)>$M,%)23%#" $ Garstka, G. J. (2010). Post-conflict urban planning: The regularization process of an informal neighborhood in Kosova/o. elsevier, Habitat International(34), 86-95. n+2'H$g>$h7ZC8i>$S%4+$J+3V++#$J(%'.%#/)b$I)%#/$M(-'%&$G0"&+$h)%Q32$+.>i>$a+V$d1,<b$W)'"#.$M,+))> n+2'H$g>H$N$T1/+,)H$T>$h6!7@i>$P%3%+)$41,$M+10'+b$W)'"#.$M,+))> n+2'H$g>H$N$G*",,+H$J>$h6!7@i>$_1V$31$G3(.L$M(-'%&$S%4+>$P10+#2"/+#b$W)'"#.$M,+))> n2"#.1(,H$F>$h6!!6i>$J(%'.%#/$")$)1&%"'$0,"&3%)+>$W#$]>$U>$X`T+%''L$hU.>iH$5,&2%3+&3(,"'$+.(&"3%1#$31."L$\$P,1))$&('3(,"'$0+,)0+&3%*+>$S"()"##+b$P1:0",3:+#3)> $ nY%#1''%H$W>$h6!7Bi>$M(-'%&$G0"&+$%#$c1)1*1$\$9,"#)41,:"3%1#$92,1(/2$_%)31,L>$hK1&31,"'iH$n,"e$I#%*+,)%3L$14$9+&2#1'1/LH$n,"e>$$ $ _":.%H$a>$h6!7!i>$92+$M'"&+:"<+,`)$n(%.+$31$J(%'.%#/$P1::(#%3Lb$U",32)&"#> _")%:Y"H$K>$h6!76i>$M,1-'+:)$.(,%#/$32+$W:0'+:+#3"3%1#$14$32+$I,-"#$T+/('"31,L$M'"#)$%#$c1)1*1>$M"0+,$0,+)+#3+.$"3$32+$7)3$W#3+,#"3%1#"'$P1#4+,+#&+$1#$5,&2%3+&3(,+$N$I,-"#$K+)%/#H$5'-"#%">$ 2330bOOVVV>%&"(.>+01<">+.(>"' _1''1V"LH$S>H$N$_(--",.H$M>$h6!!7i>$M+10'+$"#.$M'"&+b$92+$UQ3,"1,.%#",L$n+1/,"02%+)$14$U*+,L."L$S%4+b$M,+#3%&+$_"''> g"&1-)H$5>$J>$h7ZCBi>$n,+"3$G3,++3)b$F%3$M,+))> g"&1-)H$g>$h7ZA7i>$92+$K+"32$"#.$S%4+$14$n,+"3$5:+,%&"#$P%3%+)b$;%#3"/+$J11<)> g":+)H$]>$h6!!@i>$U))"L)$%#$T".%&"'$U:0%,%&%):>$a+V$d1,<b$K1*+,$M(-'%&"3%1#)> g(."2H$9>$h6!!Ci>$c1)1*1b$]2"3$U*+,L1#+$a++.)$31$c#1VTnb$XQ41,.$I#%*+,)%3L$M,+))> Junne, G. (2011) Junne discusses the immediate and long-term challenges of post-conflict situations/Interviewer: NAI. The Good Cause.

Junne, G., & Verkoren, W. (2005). Postconflict Development: Meeting New Challenges: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

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76B

RFG'B::*18,&*+

APPENDIX 1 Interviews with local based professionals and academics

Proff. Florina Jerliu University of Prishtina Archis Interventions, NGO $

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-72.)8/|$$P%3%+)$%#$.+$J"'<"#)$",+$&%3%+)$%#$3,"#)%3%1#$"#.$3,"#)%3%1#$ %)$32+%,$)3"3+$14$",3$h2%/2+)3$'+*+'$14$.+*+'10:+#3i>$W#$32+$0+,%1.$14$ A!$L+",)$32+,+$2")$"'V"L)$-++#$3,"#)%3%1#$/1%#/$1#>$92+,+$V")$#1$ )3+".L$.+*+'10:+#3$32"3$&1('.$/,1VH$"3$'+")3$41,$6$/+#+,"3%1#)$%#$ "$,1VH$31$,113$%#$32"3$0+,%1.>$_"00L$&%3%+)H$32"3$%)$V2"3$32+$J"'<"#$ &%3%+)$",+H$32+,+$#13$-1,+.$-(3$%#$3,"#)%3%1#>$ Interviewer_ Compared this place to a place that is in conflict out\ )%.+$32+$J"'<"#$V2"3$V1('.$-+$32+$.%44+,+#&+$V%32$M,%)3%#"f$ -72.)8/|$$W3$%)$"$&('3(,"'$.%44+,+#&+H$#13$%#$3+,:)$",&2%3+&3(,"'$14$)0"\ 3%"'$&2","&3+,%)3%&)$-(3$%#$32+$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#H$#13$32+$01'%3%&"'$")\ 0+&3>$W3$%)$()("''L$32+$0$\1'%3%&)$14$V",$32"3$%)$32+$)":+$,+/",.'+))$14$ V2"3$32+$1(3&1:+$"#.$32+$%.+"$-+2%#.$%3$%)>$W$32%#<$%3$.+0+#.)$1#$ 32+$&('3(,+$14$32+$0+10'+H$32"3$)1&%"'$.%:+#)%1#$"#.$.+0+#.)$1#$ 21V$32"3$0",3$14$&%3%e+#)$",+$"-'+$"#.$&"0"-'+$31$,+&"'%-,"3+$"43+,$ 32+$ V",>$ c1)1*1$ "#.$ -+&"()+$ M,%)23%#"$ %#$ 32+$ J"'<"#)$ %)$ "$ &%3L$ %#$ 3,"#)%3%1#$)%#&+$"$'1#/$3%:+$%3$2")$#1$0,1-'+:)$31$,+&"'%-,"3+H$"#.$ 32%)$2"00+#)$%#$'+3$)"L$@$."L)$"43+,$32+$V",> ]+$",+$2"00L$+*+#$%4$V+$2"*+$%''+/"'$-(%'.%#/)$",1(#.$-+&"()+$V+$ find places of complement. Content and aesthetics are not binary 31$"$2"00L$&%3L$'%4+>$921)+$",+$#13$#+&+))",%'L$#++.+.$31/+32+,H$31$ 2"*+$"$2"00L$'%4+$V%32%#$32+$&%3L>$5+)32+3%&)$.1$#13$)"3%)4L$32+$+#3%,+$ V+''\-+%#/> Interviewer_ Can the urban environment be of influence on the V+''\-+%#/$14$32+$M,%)23%#"$&%3%e+#)f -72.)8/_ It can definitely be. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s start from the little things. The 0",<)$ "#.$ 0(-'%&$ /,++#$ V%32%#$ 32+$ &%3L>$ 92%)$ &2"#/+.$ ,+&+#3'L$ 31\ V",.)$ "$ -+33+,$ )%3("3%1#>$ W3$ %)$ 0",3$ 14$ 32+$ 0'"##%#/$ 0,1&+))$ #1V>$ G1$ %#$ /+#+,"'$ 32+)+$ "+)32+3%&$ +'+:+#3)H$ 32+)+$ '%33'+$ +'+:+#3)$ &"#$ :"<+$0+10'+$2"00%+,$-(3$V%''$%3$:"<+$"$&%3L$2"00%+,$")$"$V21'+f$ X#+$32%#/$%)$32"3$#1$V",$41,$32+$(0&1:%#/$.+&".+)$V%''$-+$/11.$ for the city. A time towards more stability. The adjustment of firstly (,/+#3$"#.$%::+.%"3+$#++.)$14$(,-"#$)3,(&3(,+)$"#.$"+)32+3%&)$14$ 32+$-(%'.%#/)>$F"L-+$%#$32+$4(3(,+$32+$".Y()3:+#3$14$(,-"#$3,".%\ 3%1#)H$ #13$ %#4,")3,(&3(,"'$ -(3$ "+)32+3%&)H$ 21V$ -(%'.%#/)$ ",+$ -+%#/$ 0'"##+.$+3&>$S%33'+$:1.+')$",+$)21V%#/$32"3$'1&"'$0+10'+$",+$.1%#/$ V+''$ -L$ '11<%#/$ "3$ 32+$ '%33'+$ 0'"&+)H$ 32+$ &144++21()+)H$ 32+$ -11<\ )210)H$32+$.%44+,+#3$V1,'.$32"3$/1+)$V%32$%3$-+2%#.$32+$V"'')>$92%)$%)$ "$*+,L$L1(#/$/+#+,"3%1#$32"3$%)$0'"&%#/$32+:$)+'4`)$32+,+>$M+,2"0)$ 32+$L1(32$%)$#13$,+"''L$'%<%#/$V2"3$%)$2"00+#%#/$1(3)%.+$"#.$",+$#13$ satisfied in how their outside world looks like. It is designed to suit 32+$ L1(#/+,>$ ]2"3$ "-1(3$ 32+$ 132+,$ /+#+,"3%1#)H$ %3$ %)$ 32+$ 1(3)%.+$ 32"3$V+$2"*+$31$32%#<$"-1(3f Interviewer|$]2"3$%)$5,&2%)$W#3+,*+#3%1#)$.1%#/$#1Vf$ -72.)8/|$G1&%"'$&"0"-%'%3LH$"(.%3H$%))(+)H$&%3%+)$%#$3,"#)%3%1#H$21V$32+$ 0,1&+))$%)$/1%#/H$%3$%)$#1V$0",3$14$32+$#"3%1#"'$'"VH$32+$)1&%"'$&1:\ 01#+#3)$ %)$ 0",3$ #1V$ 31$ -+$ 3"&<'+.$ ,+)01#)%-%'%3L$ 14$ &%3%e+#)>$ a13$ 32"3$2+"*%'L$%#*1'*+.$"#L:1,+>$F1)3$14$32+%,$"%:$%)$.1#+>$92+$)1&%"'$ &1:01#+#3$14$&%3%+)$#1V$2")$31$-+$3"<+#$&",+$14>$92+$,+)01#)%-%'%3L$ 14$&%3%e+#)$31V",.)$0'"##%#/>$

Interviewer|$]2"3$%)$32+$0+,&+03%1#$1#$0'"##%#/$"#.$V2"3$2"0\ 0+#+.$%#$32+$0")3$(#3%'$0,+)+#3$."Lf$ -72.)8/|$$W3$%)$/+33%#/$-+33+,$-(3$32%)$3"<+)$3%:+>$P1:0,+2+#)%1#$ 14$ 32+$ 0'"##%#/$ )L)3+:$ %)$ /,1V%#/H$ V2%&2$ %)$ "$ /11.$ 32%#/>$ K(+$ 31$ 32+$ 4"&3$ 32"3$ c1)1*1$ 2")$ -++#$ %#$ &1#3%#(1()$ 3,"#)%3%1#H$ 4,1:$ G1&%"'%)3$ )3"3+H$ G+,-%"#$ K%&3"31,)2%0$ V%32$ F%'1)+*%&$ 31$ T(/1%):$ which brought democracy. Since 1945 and 1974, difficult periods 14$3,"#)%3%1#$.%.$0(3$0,+))(,+$1#$c1)1*1>$92+)+$@$4"&+)$14$3,"#)%\ 3%1#$#+*+,$"'1(.$41,$,+&1*+,L$1#$32+$)1&%"'$"#.$(,-"#$'+*+'>$]2"3$ 2"00+#+.$ V%32$ 32+$ 02L)%&"'$ )3"3+$ %)$ #13$ )"L%#/$ 32"3$ :(&2H$ V2"3$ V")$-(%'.$%#$d(/1)'"*%"$%#$c1)1*1$V")$*+,L$4,"/:+#3+.$"#.$#13$ ,+'"3+.$1,$&1#&+,#+.$V%32$32+$&1#3+Q3>$F1.+,#$",&2%3+&3(,+$"#.$ (,-"#$0'"##%#/$V")$#13$"'V"L)$*+,L$&1#&+,#+.$V%32$32+$&1#3+Q3>$ Urban blocks were not finished as it happened elsewhere, only the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e+#)$ 31."Lf$ ]"3+,H$ )+V"/+H$ +'+&3,%&%3LH$ %#4,")3,(&3(,+$ "#.$"$'"&<$14$:1#+L$31$&,+"3+$32+)+$:%))%#/$+'+:+#3)>$92+)+$%)\ )(+)$)21('.$-+$)3%''$1#$32+$310$14$32+$31$.1$'%)3$14$32+$/1*+,#:+#3>$ This, with care for the city. Utilize these places first in order for the :"Y1,%3L$31$2"*+$"&&+))>$W#$32%)$3%:+$"43+,$32+$V",$32+$&+#3+,$-+\ &":+$.+#)+,>$92%)$-+&"()+$32+$4(,32+,$"V"L$32+$'%:%3+.$"&&+))$31$ 4"&%'%3%+)>$92+,+$V")$#1$(,-"#$:"#"/+:+#3H$32+$'"&<%#/$&1#.%3%1#)$ "#.$32+$(#.+,)3"#.%#/$14$(,-"#$0'"##%#/$-L$32+$0(-'%&$:".+$32+$ situation very difficult. Little by little, first quantity then more qua\ '%3L$%)$&1:%#/>$W3$%)$32"3$#+V$/+#+,"3%1#)$32"3$V%''$32%#<$14$32+$0(-'%&$ /11.>$J(3$32+$#+V$/+#+,"3%1#)$#++.$"$&1::1#$)+#)+>$92+$1#+$ V21$.1#`3$,+:+:-+,$32+$0")3$V%''$-+$32%#<%#/$14$32+$0(-'%&$/11.> Interviewer|$]2"3$".*%&+$V1('.$L1($/%*+$%#$1,.+,$31$2%3$32+$+)\ )+#&+$14$32+$0,1-'+:$"#.$&2"''+#/+)$%#$"$0,1Y+&3f -72.)8/|$ G++$ 32+$ )%3+$ 4,1:$ "$ 0+,)1#"'$ 0+,&+03%1#>$ P2+&<$ )"3%)\ 4"&3%1#$'+*+')$14$32+$'1&"'$)1&%+3L$"#.$V1,<)$14$anX`)>$]2"3$",+$ 41,$+Q":0'+$32+$0,1:%)+)$14$32+$:"Y1,$"#.$32+$&2+&<$(0$"43+,$A$ :1#32)$"-1(3$'1&"'$)"3%)4"&3%1#>$M,1*%)%1#$14$0(-'%&$)+,*%&+)$%)$#13$ #+&+))",%'L$01'%3%&"'$+'+:+#3$1#'L>$n1$1(3$31$2"*+$"$3"'<$31$0+10'+$ "#.$-+$10+#$31$"$*",%+3L$14$)"3%)4"&3%1#$"#.$32+$0",3$%#$-+3V++#>$ Eventually freezing to death is energy efficient too and running water for 24h ad day is also happiness. Make a stratification of a )1,3$14$*('#+,"-%'%3L$:"0$"-1(3$)1&%"'$%#&'()%1#$"#.$)1&%"'$0",3%&%\ 0"3%1#>$921)+$0",3)$&"#$'+3$L1($,+&,+"3+$1,$".Y()3$31$32+$[("'%3L$14$ V2"3$L1($"..$%#$3+,:)$14$)"3%)4"&3%1#>$U*+,L32%#/$%)$1&&(0%+.$-L$ &",)$1,$)1:+32%#/$+')+$)1$&2%'.,+#$2"*+$#1$32%#/$31$.1$1,$0'"&+$ to play in the neighborhood. How you appreciate life is the first "#.$32+#$32+$)(,,1(#.%#/$"#.$V2+,+$L1($V"#3$31$/1>$R,++.1:$%)$ 32+,+H$-(3$V2"3$2"00+#)$"43+,f$]2"3$%)$%:01,3"#3$"43+,f

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",1(#.$%3$V")$41&()%#/$1#$V2"3$32+L$&"''$%3$2%/2+,$0,%1,%3L$%))(+)H$ '%<+$")02"'3H$0,1*%.+$"&&+))H$+:0'1L:+#3H$"33,"&3%#/$-()%#+))H$%#\ Dukagijn|$ $ 53$ &+#3,"'$ )3"3+$ '+*+'$ 32+,+$ %)$ 32+$ F%#%)3,L$ 14$ +#*%,1#\ *+)3:+#3H$"#.$32"3$V")$32+%,$+Q&()+>$J(%'.$V2"3+*+,$L1($V"#3$V%32$ :+#3$"#.$0'"##%#/$V%32$%3`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rural parts. The plans are not very specific and clear. The urban )%-%'%3L$-+3V++#$'1&"'$"#.$&+#3,"'$/1*+,#:+#3>$92+,+$V+,+$)+*+,"'$ .+*+'10:+#3$0'"#$%#.%&"3+)$32+$)3,"3+/%+)$V%32%#$32+$(,-"#$-1(#\ "33+:03)$31$)310$32+$%#41,:"'$-(%'.%#/)$-+%#/$-(%'.H$32+L$.%.$,+\ .",%+)$"#.$",+$)+0","3+.$%#$):"''+,$,+/('",$0'"#)$41,$+"&2$#+%/2\ &1,.%#/$4,1:$"%,H$"#.$:".+$"$'%#+$4,1:$#1V$1#$L1($&"##13$-(%'.$ -1(,211.>$92"3$(,-"#$.+*+'10:+#3$0'"#$2")$-++#$,+0'"&+.$-L$32+$ "#L$4(,32+,$%''+/"''L$-+&"()+$%3$V%''$#13$-+$'+/"'%)+.>$_1V+*+,H$32"3$ 5:+,%&"#$e1#%#/$:"0$"43+,$32+$6!76$#+V$)0"3%"'$0'"##%#/$'"V>$5$ V")$#+*+,$%:01)+.$"#.$:1,+$,+&+#3'L$%#$6!7B$V+$2"*+$"$'"V$'+\ #+V$)L)3+:$"#.$0'"#)$",+$)3%''$(#.+,$&1#)3,(&3%1#$V2%&2$:"<+)$32+$ /"'%)"3%1#H$V2%&2$%)$"$&+#3,"'$'+*+'$%#%3%"3%*+$%#3+/,"3%#/$+*+,L32%#/$ 32"3$V")$-(%'.$V%32%#$32+$'+/"'$)L)3+:$14$c1)1*1$)1$31$:"<+$32+$ process of development very inefficient these days. %#41,:"'$ 41,:"'>$ _1V+*+,H$ V%32$ )1:+$ -")%&$ &1#.%3%1#)>$ 92+$ 1#'L$ Interviewer_ Informal development happend after the conflict, &1#.%3%1#)$32+L$:".+$V+,+b$L1($2"*+$31$-(%'.$%#$L1(,$1V#$'"#.$ 21V$.%.$32%)$0,1&+))$V1,<f$ "#.$%4$%3$%)$"$0(-'%&$'"#.$L1($2"*+$31$'+/"'%)+$%3H$V2%&2$%)$2",.+,>$W4$ L1($2"*+$"$0,%*"3+$'"#.$32+#$32+$&2"#/+)$",+$*+,L$/11.$31$/+3$%3$ Dukagijn|$$]+$V+,+$0",3$14$G+,-%"$"#.$d(/1)'"*%"$(#3%'$7ZZZH$"43+,$ '+/"'%)+.$*+,L$+")%'L>$ 32"3$c1)1*1$-+&":+$0",3$14$32+$I#%3+.$a"3%1#)$".:%#%)3,"3%1#>$92+$ &1(#3,L$ V")$ 3%,+.$ "#.$ .1#+$ V%32$ "''$ 32+$ '+/%)'"3%1#$ 14$ G+,-%"$ "#.$ 92"3$V")$32+$)%3("3%1#$(0$31$#1V$"#.$#1V$%#$:"Y1,$&%3%+)$'%<+$M,%)2\ d(/1)'"*%"$ "#.$ V"#3+.$ "$ 4,+)2$ )3",3>$ c1)1*1$ +#3+,+.$ V%32$ #1$ '+\ 3%#"$V+$2"*+$)3,1#/$'1&"'$/1*+,#:+#3$"#.$32+L$2"*+$:"#"/+.$31$ gislation in 1999. The United Nations came and the first thing they /+3$ %3$ (#.+,$ &1#3,1'$ "#.$ %#41,:"'$ -(%'.%#/)$ -(%'.$ 2"*+$ )3100+.$ )3",3+.$ V")$ .,"V%#/$ '+/%)'"3%1#H$ 21V$ 31$ :"<+$ %#)3%3(3%1#)H$ V2"3$ )%#&+$)%Q$:1#32)>$92+$&1#&+,#$V")$32"3$%3$'+.$"':1)3$31$)1&%"'$(#\ <%#.$14$'"V)$",+$#++.+.>$ ,+)3$-L$32+$0+10'+$32"3$V1,<+.$%#$32+$&1#)3,(&3%1#$-()%#+))$-+\ &"()+$32+L$V+,+$"&&1::1."3%#/$'1&"'$4":%'%+)$-L$V1,<%#/$%#$32+$ W#$6!!@$c1)1*1$2".$"$'"V$1#$)0"3%"'$0'"##%#/$-+&"()+$%3$2".$0,%\ &1#)3,(&3%1#$)+&31,>$]2+,+$.1$L1($.,"V$32+$'%#+H$V2+#$%3$&1:+)$31$ 1,%3L$.(+$31$32+$'",/+$:%/,"3%1#$4,1:$,(,"'$31$(,-"#$",+")H$"$'13$14$ .+*+'10:+#3H$V2+#$1#$32+$1#+$2"#.$L1($:"<+$0+10'+$011,$"#.$ :1*+:+#3)$%#$32+$01)3$V",>$92+$010('"3%1#$:1*+:+#3)$V+,+$"$,+\ 1#$32+$132+,$2"#.$L1($V"#3$31$&1#3,1'$%3f$ )('3$14$'"&<$14$%#4,")3,(&3(,+$1,$)+V"/+$%#$32+$,(,"'$",+")$"#.$'%:%3+.$ :1-%'%3L>$G1$0+10'+$.+&%.+.$31$:1*+$31$(,-"#$",+")> What you find in the policy documents and in different materials, 92+,+$V+,+$#13$+#1(/2$21()+)$31$"&&1::1."3+$"''$32+)+$0+10\ )21V)$32"3$32+$%:0'+:+#3"3%1#$14$32+$'+/%)'"3%1#$2")$)(44+,+.$"#.$ '+H$)1$0+10'+$)3",3+.$31$-(%'.$%#41,:"''L$"#.$V2+,+*+,$32+L$&1('.$ W$-'":+$:1)3$32+$"-)+#&+$14$2"*%#/$32+$%#)3,(:+#3)$%#$0'"&+$31$ -(%'.>$92"3$&1#3%#(1()$"3$32+$:1:+#3$-(3$%#$"$'+))+,$.":"/%#/$.+\ +#)(,+$32+$%:0'+:+#3"3%1#>$d1($&1('.$#13$.1$"#L32%#/$V,1#/$%4$ /,++>$JL$6!!@$V+$2".$"$'"V$1#$)0"3%"'$0'"##%#/$32"3$/"*+$32+$'1&"'$ L1($V+,+$#13$41''1V%#/$32+$'"VH$%:01,3"#3$0+10'+$&1('.$.1$V2"\ /1*+,#:+#3$32+$"(321,%3L$31$&1#3,1'$32+$.+*+'10:+#3)$%#$32+$",+"> 3+*+,b$%/#1,%#/$32+$'+/%)'"3%1#> _1V+*+,H$ 32+$ .+*+'10:+#3$ 0,1&+))$ V")$ )3%''$ ,%)%#/$ (#3%'$ 6!7!>$ W3$ V")$ )(0+,$ 0,1-'+:"3%&H$ 32+$ '1&"'$ /1*+,#:+#3$ "#.$ "''$ 32+$ 0+10'+$ Interviewer|$]2"3$%)$32+$0'"##%#/)L)3+:$%#$)21,3f

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Interviewer|$ $ ]2"3$ %)$ 32+$ ,1'+$ 14$ 32+$ :(#%&%0"'%3L$ "#.$ %3)$ 0'"&+$ Interviewer|$$$]+,+$0,%*"3+$%#%3%"3%*+)$1,$%#41,:"'$.+*+'10:+#3)$ +*+,LV2+,+$/1%#/$1#f V%32%#$32+$/1*+,#:+#3"'$%#)3%3(3%1#)$"#.$V%32%#$M,%)323%#"f Gearda|$]+$ %:0'+:+#3$ 1(,$ 1V#$ )3,"3+/%+)$ ")$ "$ )+0","3+$ +#3%3L$ 1,$%:0'+:+#3$'"V)$1#$(,-"#$0'"##%#/$4,1:$'",/+,$)&"'+>$]+$V,%3+$ ,+/('"31,L$ 0'"#)$ ")$ %#$ .+)%/#%#/$ .%44+,+#3$ 0",3)$ 14$ M,%)23%#">$ 92%)$ &"#$ -+$ &1:0",+.$ 31$ 32+L$ V"L$ %3$ %)$ .1#+$ %#$ 9%,"#"H$ 5'-"#%">$ ]+$ 2".$77$#+%/2-1,211.)$.(,%#/$32+$(,-"#$0'"##%#/$'"V$14$6!!B$"#.$ +"&2$",+"$2".$%3)$1V#$,+/('"31,L$0'"#)$"#.$#+*+,$-+&":+$1,$V+,+$ 0",3$14$"$V21'+$%.+">$92+L$:".+$,+/('"31,L$0'"#)$)+0","3+'L$"#.$ 4,1:$32"3$"$V21'+$1,$'",/+,$0'"#$V")$:".+>$G1H$%#$32"3$)+#)+$32+,+$ V")$ #+*+,$ "$ /11.$ (,-"#$ 0'"#$ 31$ )3",3$ 4,1:>$ 5$ ,+*+,)+.$ )3,"3+/L>$ Different ideas and needs about the plan made it difficult to make "$/11.$)3,"3+/%&$0'"#>$W#$6!77$32+$-%/$:")3+,$0'"#$41,$32+$&%3L$V")$ :".+$V2%&2$%)$#13$%#$&1''"-1,"3%1#$V%32$32+$1'.$0'"#)>$5$,+#+V+.$ )3,"3+/L$%#$1,.+,$31$,+*%3"'%e+$32+$&%3L>$J(3H$"43+,$32%)$32+$#+V$'"V$ 1#$ (,-"#$ 0'"##%#/$ -+&":+$ %#$ &2",/+$ 4,1:$ 6!7@>$ 5$ #+V$ '"V$ &1\ :+)$ 1(3$ V2%&2$ )3"3+.$ 32"3$ 32+$ 6!77$ (,-"#$ 0'"#$ %)$ #13$ "*"%'"-'+$ "#L:1,+$"#.$32+$e1#%#/$0'"#$)3,"3+/L$V")$%:01)+.$4,1:$IG$")$"$ #+V$%#)3,(:+#3>$92+$0'"#$V")$)(001)+.$31$-+$41,$"$3%:+$0+,%1.$14$ 7B\6!$L+",)$"#.$V%32$32+$#+V$'"V$"#.$32+$%.+"$"-1(3$32+$e1#%#/$ :"0$)3,"3+/L$%3$%)$1#'L$%#$01V+,$(#3%'$32%)$e1#%#/$:"0$%)$,+".L>$92%)$ 0+,%1.$%)$#1V$/1%#/$1#$41,$6$L+",)$%#$.,"43%#/$32%)$1#+>$92%)$)3%''$ didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t start as well for the final voting about this planning strategy.

92+$".:%#%)3,"3+$0",3$%)$#13$1(3$L+3H$%3$%)$"$V1,<$%#$0,1/,+))$)3%''>$53$ 32+$:1:+#3$V+$2"*+$"$F")3+,$0'"#$1,$FKM$"#.$,+/('"31,L$0'"#)>$ 92+)+$ ",+$ "*"%'"-'+$ -(3$ ",+$ )3%''$ *"'%.$ -(3$ 1#'L$ 41,$ "$ 0+,%1.$ 14$ B$ L+",)$V2+#$,+*%)%1#$%)$#++.+.>$5''$14$32+:$",+$#13$*+,L$/11.>$92+$ )%3("3%1#$ %)$ .%44+,+#3$ 4,1:$ 32+$ 0'"#)$ "3$ 32+$ :1:+#3$ "#.$ )1$ %#$ #1$ &")+$*+,L$V1,<"-'+>$d1($2"*+$31$,+*%+V$32+:$"#.$32%)$2")$-(./+3$ #++.+.>$ 92%)$ %)$ #++.+.$ 4,1:$ /1*+,#:+#3$ "#.$ 2")$ 31$ -+$ .1#+>$ I#3%'$32+$e1#%#/$:"0$%)$%#$V1,<$V+$,+*%)+$321)+$,+/('"31,L$0'"#)$ -(3$V%32$0,1-"-'L$#13$"#$+*+#3("'$"&3%1#$V%32%#$%3>$G1$32%)$:+"#)$ )0+#.%#/$:1#+L$1#$)1:+32%#/$V2%&2$V%''$#13$-+$14$"$'+/"'$.1&(\ :+#3$"#L:1,+$'"3+,>$ M","''+'$ V%32$ 32%)$ 0'"##%#/$ )%3("3%1#$ %)$ 32+$ '+/"'%e"3%1#$ 0,1&+))>$ U*+,L32%#/$L1($)++$2+,+$",1(#.$V")$41,:+,$'"#.$V2%&2$2"00+#+.$ %#$32+$0")3$7B$L+",)$V2%&2$%)$#13$#1,:"'$-(3$%3$2"00+#+.$+*+,L\ V2+,+$%#$32+$J"'<"#)$-(3$%#$"$:1,+$+Q3,+:+$&")+$%#$M,%)23%#"H$")$ in Post-Conflict areas. It is not chaos but it is rough. So at this :1:+#3$32+$3%:+$%)$"-1(3$V"%3%#/$(#3%'$"$#+V$)L)3+:$%)$%#$0'"&+$%#$ 1,.+,$31$.+*+'10$#+V$0'"#)$"#.$)3,"3+/%+)$%#$32+$&%3L>$92+$".:%\ nistrative parts of the law. The strategies which clarifiy the law. As )11#$")$32+$e1#%#/$:"0$)3,"3+/L$%)$%#$&2",/+H$32+$41,:+,$FKM$V%''$ change or needs clarification about its purpose and role still. This %)$%#$,+"'%3L$"$'%33'+$:+))L$%#$0'"##%#/$"#.$)3,"3+/%+)> Interviewer|$$]2"3$%)$%#*1'*+.$%#$.,"43%#/$:(#%&%"0'$.+*+'10:+#3$ 0'"#)$1,$)1$&"''+.$FKM)f Gearda|$$P%3%e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a1V$L1($2"*+$31$3"<+$32+:$%#$&1#)%.+,"3%1#$V2+#$ :"<%#/$0'"#)>

Gearda|$W3$.%.$#13$2"00+#$+*+,LV2+,+$%#$32+$&%3L>$92+$V+)3$0",3$ 14$ 32+$ &%3L$ "#.$ -+L1#.$ 32+$ ,"%'V"L$ 3,"&<$ V")$ +:03L$ '"#.>$ 92+,+$ V")$"$&'+",+,$%.+"$"-1(3$%3>$W#$)1:+$",+")$L1($&1('.$-(%'.$V%32$&,%\ 3+,%"`)H$#13$:+#3%1#%#/$"-1(3$32+$/11.$1,$-".$0",3$14$32+$&,%3+,%"`)$ -(3$"3$'+")3$32+,+$V+,+$,('+)$"#.$L1($'%*+.$(0$31$321)+$L1($&1('.$ -(%'.$L1(,$-(%'.%#/>$F1)3$14$32+$3%:+$32+L$2".$"''$32+$,('+)$"#.$ 0+,:%3)$-(3$.(,%#/$32+$&1#)3,(&3%1#$32+L$+#'",/+.$32+$-(%'.%#/$1,$ &2"#/+.$4"&".+)$1,$:".+$+Q3,"$'+*+')>$92"3`)$V2L$32+$&,%3+,%"`)$"#.$ 32+$0+,:%))%1#$V")$32+,+$-(3$32+L$&2"#/+.$%3$"43+,$32%)>$ Interviewer|$$]2L$.%.$32+$%#41,:"'$.+*+'10:+#3$2"00+#+.$+*+#$ 321(/2$+Q%)3%#/$0'"#)$V+,+$%#$&2",/+f Gearda|$a1$ 1#+$ %)$ -(%'.%#/$ V%321(3$ 0+,:%))%1#H$ 41,$ +*+,L$ ):"''$ 32%#/$32+L$",+$&1:%#/$31$")<$"00,1*"'>$G1:+3%:+)$L1($&"#$/%*+$ 32+:$ 0+,:%))%1#$ "&&1,.%#/$ 31$ 32+$ '"V)$ "#.$ ,+/('"3%1#)>$ G1:+\ 3%:+)$L1($Y()3$&"#`3$.1$%3>$92+$)":+$'"V)$",+$)3%''$"#.$V+,+$"&3%*+H$ #132%#/$ &2"#/+.$ :(&2$ "-1(3$ 32"3$ -+)%.+)$ 32%)$ 0",3$ %#$ 32+$ V+)3$ V2+#$,+*%+V%#/$32+$0'"#>$W#$/+#+,"'H$"&&1,.%#/$31$,+/('"3%1#)$"#.$ 0'"#)$32+L$V+,+$#13$:(&2$&2"#/+.$"#.$V+,+$%#$01V+,>$92+$0,1\ -'+:$%)$32"3$321)+$,('+)$"#.$,+/('"3%1#)$V+,+$#13$41''1V+.>$a13$ )3100+.$")$V+''$V2+#$&1#3,1'$V")$32+,+H$%4$32+,+$V")$&1#3,1'>$W#$ some cases, it was not a sufficient enough plan or corruption was /1%#/$ 1#H$ 32+$ %#)0+&3%1#$ .%.#`3$ )310$ V2"3$ V")$ /1%#/$ 1#>$ W3$ %)$ "$ :%Q$V2"3$V")$/1%#/$1#>$W#$"$)+#)+$%3$%)$#1,:"'$%#$"$)%3("3%1#$"43+,$ a conflict or war that you have to reconstruct or build your own 21()+$"/"%#>$K%44+,+#3$,+")1#)$"-1(3$32+$:1*+:+#3)$31V",.)$32+$ city after the conflict that put pressure on the building stock and 32+$":1(#3$14$21()%#/$&1#)3,(&3%1#)>$92%)$%)$"$0'"&+$%#$3,"#)%3%1#>$ At that moment after the conflict there was a need for housing and not an awareness or a sufficient level of responsibility about 32+$+#*%,1#:+#3H$)"4+3L$14$&1#)3,(&3%1#)H$0(-'%&$)0"&+$+3&>$W4$#1$ 1#+$V")$&2+&<%#/$V2"3$L1($.1$L1($&"#$.1$0(,)(+$L1(,$1V#$%.+\ ")H$,+/",.'+))$32+$%.+")$"#.$,('+)$32"3$",+$%#$&2",/+>$J+41,+$32+$ conflict everything was different. Normal permissions and rules V+,+$41''1V+.>$543+,$32+$V",$.%44+,+#3$#++.)$V+,+$(,/+#3$"#.$%#$ 32%)$V"L$#13$,+"''L$3"&<'+.$"3$32+$3%:+$14$+:+,/+#&+>$92+$0,1-'+:$ )1$%4$'"V)$"#.$,+/('"3%1#)$",+$#13$)1$)3,%&3$.%44+,+#3$%#3+,0,+3"3%1#$ %)$2"00+#%#/>$92%)$V1('.$2"00+#$+*+,LV2+,+$%#$32+$V1,'.$%#$32%)$ &")+>$ 5$ :%Q$ 14$ 0+10'+$ V21$ '+".>$ ]21$ 31$ '%)3+#$ "3f$ W::+.%"3+'L$ "43+,$32+$V",$J")<%#$R+:%'$32+$:1.+,#%)3%&$",&2%3+&3$3,%+.$31$:"<+$ "$:")3+,0'"#$41,$32+$(#%*+,)%3L$&":0()>$a132%#/$V")$32+,+$"3$32+$ -+/%##%#/>$W3$%)$32+$)%3("3%1#$%#$"''$c1)1*1$#13$1#'L$M,%)23%#">$92+L$ .%.#`3$ "#"'Le+$ 32+$ )%3("3%1#$ "3$ 32"3$ 3%:+$ "#.$ V2"3$ V")$ #++.+.>$ 5$:%Q3(,+$14$'+".+,)$14$W#3+,#"3%1#"'$1,/"#%e"3%1#)$31/+32+,$V%32$ '1&"'$/1*+,#:+#3$'+.$31$32%)$)%3("3%1#> Interviewer|$$]")$32+%,$"$0'"#$41,$"3$'+")3$-")%&$,+/("'"3%1#)f Gearda|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c1)1*1$2".$#1$)0"3%"'$0'"##%#/$'"V$"#.$)0"\ tial and urban plans. In 2004 this finally came. So there was a gap

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14$E$L+",)$V%321(3$(,-"#$.%,+&3%1#)$"#.$)3,"3+/%+)$-+&"()+$32+$+Q%)\ ting plans from before the war were ignored and insufficient for the #+V$)3"3+$14$c1)1*1>$U*+,L$+Q0+,3$"3$32"3$:1:+#3$2".$"#$10%#%1#$ "-1(3$ 32+$ .%,+&3%1#$ c1)1*1$ #++.+.$ 3"<+>$ 53$ 32+$ 3%:+$ V%32%#$ 32+$ :(#%&%0"'%3L$"#.$%#$32+$I,-"#%):$.+0",3:+#3$32+,+$V+,+$+Q0+,3)$ V1,<%#/$4,1:$1(3)%.+$c1)1*1>$92+L$.,"43+.$V1,<%#/$0'"#)$41,$32+$ moment and no spatial plans with proper visions. The first plan 32+$:(#%&%0"'%3L$:".+$"43+,$32+$V",$V")$32+$)3,"3+/%&$0'"#$6!6!$%#$ 6!!E>$J")+.$1#$32"3$0'"#$32+L$)3",3+.$31$.,"43$32+$,+/('"31,L$0'"#)$ 41,$ 32+$ #+%/2-1,211.)>$ 92+$ 0,1-'+:$ V")$ 32"3$ 32+$ )3,"3+/%&$ 0'"#$ 6!6!$ 2".$ #1$ '+/%)'"3%*+$ -")+H$ %3$ .%.#`3$ .+,%*+$ 4,1:$ "#L$ '"V>$ 92%)$ 0'"#$ V")$ :".+$ -L$ 32+$ :(#%&%0"'%3L$ 14$ M,%)23%#"$ V%32$ )(0+,*%)%1#$ 14$ 1(3)%.+$ +Q0+,3)>$ 543+,$ 32+$ '"V$ "#.$ )1:+$ ,+/('"31,L$ 0'"#)H$ 32+$ (,-"#$.+*+'10:+#3$0'"#$V")$:".+$-(3$32"3$)21('.$2"*+$-++#$32+$ first and most important document for municipalities in the field 14$(,-"#$0'"##%#/$"#.$)3,"3+/L$"#.$&":+$1#'L$%#$6!7@>$92%)$V")$"$ :%)3"<+>$]+$2"*+$.%44+,+#3$0,1-'+:)$#1V$-+&"()+$+*+#$32%)$I,-"#$ .+*+'10:+#3$0'"#$%)$#13$2",:1#%e+.$V%32$"&3("'$)%3("3%1#$"#.$"&3(\ "'$,+/('"31,L$0'"#)$%#$)1:+$0'"&+)>$92%)$%)$32+$)%3("3%1#$#1V$"#.$"3$ 32+$:1:+#3$V+$",+$V"%3%#/$41,$32+$e1#%#/$:"0)$31$2"*+$&'+",$41,:)$ 32"3$.+,%*+.$4,1:$#+V$'"V$1#$)0"3%"'$0'"##%#/$%#$6!76>$92+$e1#%#/$ :"0$&"#$-+$&1:0",+.$31$32+$(,-"#$.+*+'10:+#3$0'"#$1,$FKM>$92+$ :"<%#/$14$32+$e1#%#/$:"0$.+0+#.)$:1)3$1#$32+$+Q0+,3)$4,1:$IG$ "#.$21V$32+L$&"#$-+$"00'%+.$31$32+$c1)1*1$)%3("3%1#>$W3$#++.)$"$ &+,3"%#$'+*+'$14$.+3"%'$%#$1,.+,$31$4(#&3%1#$"#.$2"*+$0(,01)+>$

92%)$3,"#)%3%1#$02")+$M,%)23%#"$2")$-++#$&"3")3,102%&$41,$32+$(,-"#$ .+*+'10:+#3$"#.$[("'%3L$14$'%*%#/$&1#.%3%1#)>$J+41,+$32+$V",H$d(/\ 1)'"*%"$V")$%#$&2",/+$"#.$32+L$:%Q+.$"''$0'"#)>$92%)$:+"#3$32"3$32+$ :")3+,0'"#$ 14$ M,%)23%#"$ V")$ "$ :%Q3(,+$ 14$ "''$ .%44+,+#3$ 0'"#)$ 4,1:$ 132+,$&%3%+)$V%32%#$d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e"3%1#$ 14$32+$)%3("3%1#$V2%&2$:+"#)$32+,+$%)$#13$L+3$"$)0"3%"'$0'"#$1,$"$ &1#.%3%1#)$31$'+/"'%e+>$a1$0,10+,3L$1,$1V#+,)2%0$%)$%#$0'"&+>$W3$%)$ #1V$Y()3$32+$'+/"'%e"3%1#$14$32+$-(%'.%#/>$XV#+,)2%0$0,1-'+:)$",+$ )3%''$32+,+q$32%)$#++.)$31$-+$"..,+))+.>$T+/%)3,"3%1#$"3$32+$&".")3+,$ V%32$32+$'+/"'$1V#+,$14$32+$'"#.$%)$32+$#+Q3$)3+0>$W#$32+$0,+*%1()$ 7B$L+",)$",1(#.$6B>!!!$21()+)$V+,+$%''+/"''L$-(%'.$"#.$32+,+$",+$ 1#'L$7!!!$0+,:%3)$/%*+#$31$-(%'.>

Sadije Kelmendi UN-Habitat Kosovo $

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Interviewer_ What is the socio-spatial structure of a post-conflict &%3Lf I'3)0|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q$32+$ G+,-%"#$&1::(#%3L$%)$%#+Q%)3+#3$%#$M,%)23%#"$"#.$32+$)":+$/1+)$41,$ 32+$T1:"$1#+> Interviewer|$$]2"3$.1$L1($32%#<$%)$+))+#3%"'$V2+#$.+)%/#%#/$%#$"$ post-conflict city?

I'3)0|$ n%*%#/$ :1,+$ %:01,3"#&+$ 31$ 32+$ )1&%"'$ %))(+)H$ ,"32+,$ 32"#$ )0"3%"'H$L1($)21('.#`3$/1$%#31$"$0'"&+$V%32$"$3"-('"\,")"$:+#3"'%3L$ that nothing ever existed before me! Do build a post conflict city 3"<+)$:1,+$32"#$)2++,$#(:-+,$14$)[(",+$:+3+,)> Interviewer_ What is the image of a post conflict city?

,+&+%*+.$"#L$"#)V+,)$,+/",.%#/$32+%,$#++.)$31$,+-(%'.$1,$&1#)3,(&3$ #+V$)3,(&3(,+)H$)1$32+L$Y()3$)3",3+.$-(%'.%#/$V%321(3$"#L$0+,:%)\ )%1#>$ ]2"3$ :".+$ %3$ +*+#$ V1,)+$ V")$ 32+$ 4"&3$ 32"3$ 1#+$ 0",3%&('",$ ,+0,+)+#3"3%*+$ 14$ IaFWc$ V+#3$ 0(-'%&$ "#.$ .+&'",+.$ j32+,+$ %)$ #1$ G+,-%"#$,+/%:+$"#L$:1,+$31$)310$L1($4,1:$-(%'.%#/$L1(,$21:+)zk$$ That basically fuelled construction in Prishtina. The first person 32"3$,+"''L$3,%+.$31$)310$32+$32%#/)$2"00+#%#/$%#$32+$&%3L$V")$32+$ first local appointed head of the planning department Rexhep S(&%H$V21$Y()3$4+V$."L)$"43+,$.+&'",%#/$32+$"''$1(3$V",$31$32+$%''+/"'$ &1#)3,(&3%1#$ V")$ /(##+.$ .1V#$ -L$ "#$ (#<#1V#$ %#.%*%.("'>$ W3$ "''$ ,+3(,#+.$31$)[(",+$e+,1$"#.$0+10'+$"/"%#$)3",3+.$V%32$32+$%''+/"'$ &1#)3,(&3%1#>$W3$V")#`3$,+"''L$(#$3%''$6!7!$V2+#$32+$&%3L$)3",3+.$+#\ 41,&%#/$ &1#)3,(&3%1#$ ,+/('"3%1#)$ "#.$ "/"%#$ L1($ 2".$ 0+10'+$ 32"3$ would bribe the officials and occupy public land. The first person 31$,+"''L$)310$"''$14$32+$%''+/"'$&1#)3,(&3%1#$V")$32+$&(,,+#3$.%,+&31,$ 14$0'"##%#/$S%-(,#$5'%(>$J(3$")$W$)"%.$32+$:"Y1,$.":"/+$31$M,%)2\ 3%#"$ V")$ .1#+$ .(,%#/$ IaFWc$ 3%:+H$ "':1)3$ 7!!$ -(%'.%#/)$ V2%&2$ were protected by the state till 1999 were destroyed in the first 3V1$01)3\V",$L+",)H$:1,+$32"#$BH!!!$)3,(&3(,+)$V+,+$&1#)3,(&3+.$ 1#$0(-'%&$'"#.$3%''$6!!A$"#.$32+,+$",+$:1,+$32"#$@!!H!!!$%''+/"'$ )3,(&3(,+)$Y()3$%#$32+$&%3L$14$M,%)23%#"$32"3$V+,+$,+/%)3+,+.$-L$32+$ 0'"##%#/$.+0",3:+#3$.(,%#/$6!7E\6!7A>$

Interviewer|$92%)$#1#\,+/('"3+.$-(%'.%#/$-11:$31$)2+'3+,$"'$32+$ I'3)0|$$$X#+$ 14$ )(44+,%#/$ "#.$ 210+>$ d1($ .1$ )++$ .+)3,(&3%1#$ h,+3(,#%#/i$&%3%e+#)$14$32+$&%3L$"#.$-+L1#.$V")$"$0,%*"3+$%#%3%"3%*+>$ throughout a post conflict city like Sarajevo, but you also saw hope ]")$ 32+%,$ #1$ &1#&+,#$ 1,$ h%#3+,#"3%1#"'i$ 1,/"#%)"3%1#$ 32"3$ 311<$ %#$0+10'+H$%#$32+$V"L$32+L$3,%+.$31$,+-(%'.$32+%,$21:+)H$#+%/2-1(,\ &2",/+$1*+,$32+$#++.+.$)2+'3+,$#(:-+,)f$ 211.)H$&%3%+)> I'3)0|$ $ d+)$ %3$ V")$ 313"''L$ "$ 0,%*"3+$ %#%3%"3%*+$ "#.$ L+)$ 32+$ %#3+,\ Interviewer|$ $ W#$ 92+$ a+32+,'"#.)H$ 32+$ ,+-(%'.%#/$ V")$ *+,L$ 0,"/\ #"3%1#"'$ 1,/"#%)"3%1#)$ V+,+$ #13$ &1#&+,#+.$ 3%''$ "43+,$ 32+$ -%//+)3$ :"3%&H$0'"##+.$"#.$/1*+,#:+#3$'+.$"43+,$]]mmH$21V$.%.$%3$/1$%#$ .":"/+$V")$.1#+>$W4$L1(`,+$,+4+,,%#/$31$32+$"/+#&%+)$32"3$,+-(%'3$ .+)3,1L+.$21()+)$32"3)$"$.%44+,+#3$)31,LH$"/+#&%+)$)(&2$")$IG5WK$ c1)1*1$"43+,$32+$V",f$ .%.$ ,+-(%'.$ :"#L$ 0,%*"3+$ 21()+)$ -(3$ 32+$ :"Y1,%3L$ 14$ 32+$ .+)3,1\ I'3)0|$$ ]+''$ V2"3$ 2"00+#+.$ %#$ c1)1*1$ )21('.#`3$ 2"00+#$ %#$ L+.$21()+)$V+,+$%#$*%''"/+)H$"#.$32+,+$V+,+$#1$&")+)$14$&1''+&3%*+$ other post conflict cities in the world, and really shouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be left 21()%#/$-'1&<$32"3$V")$,+&1#)3,(&3+.$1,$-(%'3$"43+,$32+$V",>$92+,+$ 31$Ia\_"-%3"3$")$32+L$",+$32+$:"%#$&"()+$14$32+$0,1-'+:>$c1)1*1$ V+,+$ &")+)$ 14$ )1&%"'$ 21()+)$ 32"3$ V+,+$ -(%'3$ -L$ 32+$ /1*+,#:+#3$ ")$L1($<#1V$V")$".:%#%)3+,+.$-L$32+$Ia$F%))%1#$%#$c1)1*1H$)21,3$ 41,+%/#$ "#.$ '1&"'$ "#.$ 32+L$ V+,+$ ,+"''L$ -(%'3$ V%321(3$ 0"L%#/$ "#L$ IaFWc>$$W3)$*+,L$%#3+,+)3%#/$V2"3$2"00+#+.$Y()3$:1#32)$%4$#13$."L)$ "33+#3%1#$31$32+$)1&%"'$%#3+/,"3%1#$14$32+$:",/%#"'%)+.$/,1(0)$32"3$ after the conflict ended. There was no Serbian municipal authority benefited. )1$IaFWc$$:1*+.$%#$31$&1*+,$32+$*"&((:$"#.$Y()3$'%<+$%#$"$<%.)$ /":+$ 1,$ )1:+32%#/$ )%:%'",$ 31$ :1#101'LH$ #":+.$ 0+10'+$ 32"3$ ",+$ Interviewer|$$]2"3$%)$.%44+,+#3$%#$M,%)23%#"$&1:0",+.$31$132+,$%#\ /1%#/$31$,(#$32+$&%3L$.+0",3:+#3)$h1#+$14$32+:$32+$0'"##%#/$1#+i>$ 41,:"''L$-(%'.$(,-"#$",+")$%#$32+$V1,'.f$ W$:()3$#13+$32"3$"''$V+,+$41,+%/#z$$5)$%#$32+$d(/1)'"*$3%:+$"#.$'"3+,$ %#$G+,-%"#$3%:+$L1($,+"''L$&1('.#`3$+*+#$&1#)3,(&3$"$):"''$V11.+#$ I'3)0_ Well fist and foremost, the context. Other than that it )2+.$V%321(3$"$0,10+,$.1&(:+#3"3%1#$"#.$0+,:%))%1#$-L$32+$"(\ .+0+#.)$V%32$V21:$L1($&1:0",+$%3z$W4$%3)$W)3"#-('$32"#$#132%#/$ 321,%3%+)>$ G1$ 0+10'+$ V+#3$ 31$ 32+$ &%3L$ "(321,%3%+)$ "#.$ 32+%,$ #+*+,$ .%44+,)H$%4$L1($&1:0",+$%3$31$F(:-"%$32"#$%3)$0,1-"-'L$&1#)3,(&3%1#$ 7@E

:"3+,%"'H$1,$%4$L1($&1:0",+$%3$31$32+$4"*+'")$32"#$0,1-"-'L$32+$:1,+$ )3,(&3(,+$"#.$)+,*%&+)$32"3$&2","&3+,%)+$&1#3+:01,",L$U(,10+"#$&%\ .+&+#3$&1#)3,(&3%1#$:"3+,%"'$"#.$:1,+$,+)0+&3$41,$'%/23$"#.$3L01\ 3%+)>$5)$L1($0,1-"-'L$)"V$41,$L1(,)+'4$:"#L$#+%/2-1(,211.)$V+,+$ '1/L$+#"-'%#/$:1,+$,"3%1#"'$()+$14$32+$'"#.H$32"3$%)$%#$32+$&%3L$%3)+'4>$ .+*")3"3+.$"43+,$32+$V",$"#.$32+L$'1)3$32+%,$%:"/+$14$0'"#+.$#+%/\ 2-1(,211.)$)1$",&2%3+&3(,+$V%)+$%3$%)#`3$"$j-+"(3%4('k$&%3L$+%32+,>$5$ Interviewer|$$_1V$%)$%3$31$'%*+$%#$M,%)23%#"f$ &%3L$ 32"3$ %)$ &2","&3+,%)+.$ -L$ )%.+V"'<)$ 3"<+#$ -L$ &",)H$ %#".+[("3+$ 0(-'%&$ 3,"#)01,3H$ #1$ -%<+$ '"#+)H$ #1$ &1::(#%3L$ &+#3+,)H$ ,(--%)2H$ I'3)0|$$ W3$.+0+#.)$%#$V2"3$&"0"&%3L$.1$L1($V"#3$:+$31$"#)V+,$ +3&>$921)+$.1#`3$:"<+$%3$"$0'+")"#3$0'"&+$31$'%*+$%#>$J(3$:1,+$32"#$ 32%)$[(+)3%1#H$%4$%3)$%#$:L$&"0"&%3L$")$"#$",&2%3+&3$"#.$(,-"#$.+)%/\ the insufficient physical infrastructure it is the social ones that are #+,$32"#$W$32%#/$32"3$%#$:"#L$%#)3"#&+)$M,%)23%#"$:%))+)$*%3"'$%#4,"\ ,+"''L$:%))%#/>

Eliza Hoxha Urban Planner University of Prishtina $

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Interviewer|$$]2"3$V")$)%3("3%1#$-+41,+$32+$V",f Eliza|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n+,:"#LH$GV%3e+,'"#.H$5()\ 3,%"H$J+'/%(:$"#.$a+32+,'"#.)$&'()3+,+.>$W#$32"3$3%:+H$"':1)3$+*+,L$ 4":%'L$2".$"$,+'"3%*+$"-,1".$V21$V")$)+#.%#/$:1#+L$21:+>$92+L$ 1,/"#%e+.$32%)$0","''+'$)L)3+:$14$+.(&"3%1#$%#$1,.+,$41,$32+%,$4":%'L$ "#.$%3)$&2%'.,+#$31$&1#3%#(+$V%32$"#$+.(&"3%1#>$]2%&2$V")$4(#.+.$ 41,$@o$-L$32+$.%")01,"H$%3$V")$&"''+.$32+$.%")01,"$4(#.$41,$+.(&"\ 3%1#$"#.$2+"'32>$92%)$<+03$32+$5'-"#%"#)$%#$c1)1*1$0,"&3%&"''L$"'%*+$ %#$32%)$0+,%1.>$W$V")$41''1V%#/$:L$+.(&"3%1#$%#$1#+$14$32+$)&211')$ 21)3+.$ %#$ "$ 0,%*"3+$ 21()+$ "#.$ /13$ +.(&"3%1#$ 4,1:$ *1'(#3",L$ 3+"\ &2+,)>$92+$4"&('3%+)$V+,+$%#$32+$.%44+,+#3$0,%*"3+$21()+)$"#.$",+")$ 14$32+$&%3L>$FL$+.(&"3%1#$V")$*+,L$3+&2#%&"''L$"#.$&1:%#/$4,1:$32%)$ 3"-('"$ ,")"$ %.+")H$ .+)%/#%#/$ 32+$ +:03L$ 0",3)$ 14$ 32+$ &%3L$ V%321(3$ &1#)%.+,%#/$ 0"33+,#)H$ 0+10'+$ "#.$ +Q%)3%#/$ .+:1/,"02%&)>$ ]2%&2$ V")$#13$+#1(/2$-L$4",$31$-+&1:+$"$/11.$(,-"#$,+)+",&2+,>$ 92+$ &%3L$ "3$ 32"3$ 3%:+$ 2".$ "$ .%44+,+#3$ :+"#%#/$ 31$ +32#%&%3%+)>$ 92+$ 0(-'%&$%#)3%3(3%1#)$V+,+$#13$-+'1#/%#/$31$32+$0+10'+$"#L:1,+$"#.$ 32+$#+V$0(-'%&$'%4+$V")$3"<%#/$0'"&+$#1V$%#$32+$0,%*"3+$21()+)$%#$ 32+$+./+$",+"$14$32+$&%3L>$ Interviewer|$$]2"3$%)$32+$)%3("3%1#$14$2%)31,%&"'$#+%/2-1,211.)$14$ M,%)23%#"f Eliza|$ R%,)3H$32+$0"33+,#$%)$%.+#3%&"'$31$32+$X331:"#$0+,%1.>$92%)$ 0+,%1.$+#.+.$%#$7Z76>$W#$32"3$3%:+$32+$.%*%)%1#$-+3V++#$0(-'%&$"#.$ 0,%*"3+$V")$)3,%&3'L$.1#+$32,1(/2$V"'')>$F1)3'L$32+$V1:+#$V+,+$-+\ '1#/%#/$31$32+$%#)%.+H$32+$0,%*"3+$'%4+$"#.$32+$0(-'%&$'%4+$V")$:1)3'L$ :+#>$K1.1#"$")$#+%/2-1,211.$V")$0",3$14$32"3$2%)31,%&"'$X331:"#$ 0"33+,#>$G:"''$21()+)$V+,+$)%3("3+.$1#$32+$0'13)$)(,,1(#.+.$V%32$ V"'')$ 31$ .%*%.+$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$ 4,1:$ 32+$ 0,%*"3+$ 21()+)$ "#.$ /",.+#)>$ 92+$)%3("3%1#$-+2%#.$32+$V"'')$V")$"$.%44+,+#3$V1,'.$&1:0",+.$31$ 32+$ 1#+$ 1#$ 32+$ 0(-'%&$ )3,++3)H$ +)0+&%"''L$ 41,$ V1:+#>$ J+2%#.$ 32+$ V"'')H$32+L$'%*+.$4,++'L$1#$32+$0'13)$14$'"#.$"#.$.11,)$/"*+$"&&+))$ 31$#+%/2-1,%#/$0'13)$"#.$21()+)H$:1)3'L$,+'"3%*+)$'%*%#/$#+Q3$.11,>$ 92+$ '%*+$ 1#$ 32+$ )3,++3H$ V2+,+$ 32+,+$ V")$ 3,".+$ "#.$ :1*+:+#3$ 14$ 0+10'+$%3$V")$:1)3'L$:+#>$92"3$V")$32+$)L)3+:$"3$32"3$3%:+>$5$*+,L$ &'1)+.$ 3L01'1/L$ 31V",.)$ 32+$ )3,++3)>$ U*+#$ 321(/2$ 32+$ )%3("3%1#$ 2")$&2"#/+.$)%#&+H$+)0+&%"''L$V%32%#$32+$-'1&<)$"#.$32+$0'13)H$32+$ )3,++3)$)21V$%.+#3%&"'$41,:)$")$%#$X331:"#$3%:+)>$W#$32+$2%)31,%&"'$ 3%:+)H$ 0+10'+$ &",+.$ 41,$ 321)+$ )3,++3)$ :1,+>$ 92+L$ V+,+$ 2"*%#/$ "$ )210$1,$"$3,".%#/$0'"&+$"#.$32+$)3,++3$%#$4,1#3$14$321)+$0'"&+)$V")$ 32+$3,".%#/$",+"$"#.$)1H$%:01,3"#3>$W3$V")$"#$(#V,%33+#$,('+$31$<++0$ L1(,$)0"&+$%#$4,1#3$14$32+$21()+)$3%.L>$92%)$%.+"$)3"L+.$"43+,$32+$V",$

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7@B

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Interviewer|$$]2"3$",+$L1(,$&1#&+,#)$,+/",.%#/$32+$)%3("3%1#f Eliza|$ R1,$32%,3++#$L+",)`$0+10'+$V+,+$3,"%#+.$"#.$+.(&"3+.$"#.$ /+33%#/$4":%'%",$V%32$32%)$#+V$'"V$"#.$+*+#$321(/2$#13$%#$32+$-+)3$ 7@A

APPENDIX 2 Local survey & Questionnaire

THE PUBLIC SURVEY written and visual questionnaire on urban conditions and public needs

Delft University of Technology

Thomas Victor Vink translated in Albanian by Vjollca Podvorica 7@8

What would you like to have in the streets / Dodona neighborhood? Çfarë dëshironi të keni në rrugët/lagjen tuaj Dodona?

Clear street use Qartësi për përdoruesin

Streetcrossing paths Kalim për këmbësorë

Parking spaces Vende parkimi

Community gardens / urban farming Kopshte të komunite t / fermat urbane

7 votes

8 votes

19 votes

10 votes

Places with shading Strehim

Urban greenery Gjelbërim

Pedestrian zones Zonat e këmbësorëve

Places for sitting / relaxing Vende për të ulur / çlodhur

4 votes

15 votes

13 votes

14 votes

Spaces for meeting friends Hapësira për të takuar miq

Places for children Vende për fëmijë

Street markets Tregjet rrugë

Social activities Aktivitete sociale

7 votes

12 votes

2 votes

15 votes

7@C

PYETËSOR: CILËSIA E JETËS DHE JETA SHOQËRORE/PUBLIKE NE KONTEKST URBAN Public survey about the neighborhoods quality of public life and spaces.

Lagjja Dodona / Dodona neighborhood Pyetje të përgjithshme §

1. Cila është gjinia juaj? (What is your gender?)

§

2. Cila është moshta juaj? (What is your age?)

Mënyra e banimit (housing situation) §

3. Numri i njerëzve që jetojnë me ju (What is the number of people living with you?)

§

4. Madhësia e shtëpisë/banesës? (What is the size of the house?) o Më pak se 25m2 (smaller then 25m2) o 25 – 50 m2 o 50 – 100 m2 o Më shumë se 100 m2 (bigger then 100m2)

§

5. Hapësirat e jashtme i keni private apo i ndani me të tjerët. Keni: (Do you have one of the following:) o Ballkon (balcony) o Kopsht privat (Private garden) o Oborr te cilin e ndani me dike (shared courtyard) o Tjetër: (other)

§

6. Lloji i objektit të banimit? (Type of residence)

o o o o

Shtëpi historike (historical house) Shtëpi private e re (private new house) Objekt banesor (shumëkatësh) (apartment building high rise) Tjetër: Other

Përgjigje tjera varësisht nga i/e intervistuara (në marrëdhënie punë, punon në lagje, që sa vite jeton në lagje, grupi social etj.) (What is your employment status?)

Pyetje rreth cilësisë së jetës urbane (questions on the quality of urban life)

7. Cila është rëndësia e karakteristikave të mëposhtme urbane, si dhe kushteve në ambientin që ju rrethon në mënyrë direkte? (What is the importance of the following (urban) properties and conditions in your direct living environment?)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Aspak me Jo dhe aq me Neutral Deri diku me Shumë me rëndësi rëndësi rëndësi rëndësi Not Rather not Rather important Very important important important at all Shumëllojshmëria e programit & funksioneve Variety of program Pamjet e këndshme të rrugëve dhe ndërtesave §

7@Z

Visual pleasant streets Gjendja e ndërtesave përreth Conditions of buildings Afërsia e hapësirave pubike Close proximity to public space Sasia e hapësirave publike të gjelbëruara Amount of public green spaces Përzierja e kulturave & njerëzve (etni, të moshuar, fëmijë, etj) Mix of cultures Siguria në rrugë Street safety Numri i njerëzve me të cilët mund të ketë bashkëveprim Amount of people living close to interact with Shërbimet publike & ndërtesat e dedikuara për komunitet Public services & community buildings Vende për ndërveprim social Places for social interaction Qasje në këmbë Accessibility by foot Qasje me veturë Accessibility by car Qasje me transport publik Accessibility by public transport Tjetër: Other:

8. Sa të kënaqur jeni në përgjithësi, në shkallën 0 deri 10, me vendin ku aktualisht jetoni How satisfied would you say you are on a scale from 0-10 with your current place of living?

Shumë i/e pakënaqur Shumë i/e kënaqur 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 §

Vlerësimi i të qenurit i/e kënaqur me kontekstin fizik (evaluations of the satisfaction with the physical context)

§

9. Ju lutem tregoni/shënoni se sa pajtoheni me deklarimet e mëposhtme. Niveli juaj i kënaqshmërisë lidhur me gjendjen fizike urbane në ambientin që ju rrethon në mënyrë direkte, në Dodona. (please indicate to what extend you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. Your satisfaction level in relation to the urban physical situations in your direct living environment, Dodona.

7E!

(1) Nuk pajtohem aspak Disagree strongly

(2) Nuk pajtohem disagree

(3) Neutral

Kushtet e jetesës janë të një standardi të mirë Living conditions are up to good standards Balans i mirë mes zonave të hapura dhe atyre të ndërtuara Open and build-up areas are wellbalanced Hapësirë shumë e vogël mes ndërtesave There is too little space between buildings Organizimi i hapësirës krijon rehati The organization of space is comforatable Nganjëherë ndërtesat kanë madhësi të tepruar The size of buildings is too excessive at some point Lëvizja në këmbë është e këndshme It is pleasant to move around on foot Pamja e ndërtesavë është e këndshme The look of builings is pleasent Mundësitë për të shfrytëzuar hapësirat e gjelbruara janë të mira Opportunities to use green space are good Mundësitë për të shfrytëzuar hapësirat publike janë të mira Opportunities to use public space are good Ecja është e këndshme Walking is a pleasant activity in Dodona Mundësitë e socializimit janë të mira Social interaction possibilities are good Hapësira të mjaftueshme në rrugë për të kaluar kohën jashtë Enough space in the street to spend time outside Hapësira cilësore për të zhvilluar aktivitete jashtë Quality space is provided to pursue your choice of activities outside

Nëse keni elemente tjera me të cilat nuk jeni të kënaqur në lagjen tuaj, ju lutem shënoni: Other elements you are not satisfied with in your neighborhood please indicated:

7E7

(4) Pajtohem agree

(5) Pajtohem plotësisht Agree strongly

Hulumtim i jetës shoqërore lokale, socializimi me të tjerët (Exploration of local public life)

§

10. I njoh fqinjët në rrugën time. (I know my neighbors)

o o o o

§

Pothuajse të gjithë (most of them) Disa (a few) Asnjë (none)

11. Më pëlqen jeta shoqërore dhe atmosfera në lagjen time. (I like the public life and atmosphere in my neighborhood)

o o o o

§

Po, të gjithë (yes all of them)

Po, gjithnjë (yes, always) Po, mirëpo konteksti nuk ofron hapësirë (yes, but the context does not provide adequate spaces) Kaloj më shumë kohë jashtë lagjes (I spend more time outside the neighborhood) Nuk ndihem i/e lidhur me lagjen (I don’t feel attached to it)

12. Pyetje lidhur me sjelljen tuaj në jetën shoqërore/publike në lagje. (Questions on your behaviour in the public life of the neighborhood) (1) Asnjëherë never

(2) Ndonjëherë sometimes

Ndihem pjesë e komunitetit në lagjen time I feel part of a community in my neighborhood E kaloj kohën e lirë jashtë në lagje I spend free time outside in the neighborhood Marrë pjesë në aktivitete sociale I engage in social activities Mundohem të kontaktoj/socializohem me të tjerët kur jam jashtë I try to make contact when am outside Takohem me shokë në hapësira publike I meet with friends in public places I takoj shokët & familjen jashtë lagjes I meet with friends & family outside the neighborhood I ftoj shokët & familjen të vijnë në lagjen time I invite friends & familiy to come to my neighborhood Jam i/e interesuar të bëj shokë të ri në lagje I am interested in making new friends in the neighborhood Marrë pjesë në tubime publike I participate in public gatherings

7E6

(3) Herë pas here occasionally

(4) Shumicën e kohës Most of the time

(5) Gjithmonë always

§

13. Cilat janë arsyet e mundshme, lidhur me jetën shoqërore/publike, për shkak të cilave do të largoheshit nga Dodona? (mund të ketë më shumë së një përgjigje) (What are possible reasons for leaving Dodona related to the public life (more answers possible)) o Niveli i sigurisë rrugore (aksidente, krim, trotuare të dëmtuara, etj.) (level of street safety) o Niveli i kushteve të banimit (Level of housing conditions) o Hapësira publike të pakta (scares facilitation of public spaces) o Sasi e paktë e elementeve dhe hapësirave të gjelbëruara (scares amounts of green amenities) o Mundësitë e ndërveprimit me fqinjët (opportunities to interact with neighbors) o Qasje në këmbë nëpër lagje (accessibility by foot) o Qasje me veturë (accessibility by car) o Mbipopullim i lagjes (the crowdedness of the neighborhood) o Tjetër: ___________________________ Other: 14. Pyetjet e mëposhtme kanë të bëjnë me pikëpamjet personale për të ardhmen (The following questions are about personal views towards the future)

§

Do të kaloja më shumë kohë jashtë në qoftë se do të kishtë hapësira cilësore? (I would spend more time outside if quality spaces were provided)

§

Është me rëndësi të ketë një komunitetit të bashkuar në lagje (It is important to have some form of a cohesive neighborhood community)

§

Familja ime janë shokët e mi, apo lagjja ime është familja ime? (My family are my friends rather than my neighborhood is my family)

§

Vendtakime të reja në lagje do të më inkurajonin për të kaluar më shumë kohë jashtë (New meeting places in the neighborhood would encourage me to go out more in the street)

§

Do të dëshiroja të jem pjesë e jetës sociale në lagje (I would like to be part of the neighborhoods social life)

§

Hapësirat publike janë të nevojshme për një jetë më të mirë shoqërore/publike në lagje (Public spaces are needed for a better neighborhood public life)

§

Pikëpamje tjera për një të ardhme me të mirë lidhur me jetën shoqërore/publike në lagjen tuaj? (other views towards a better future in your neighborhood public life)

7E@

APPENDIX 3

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