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TIDBITS® REMEMBERS

STEAMBOATS

by Janet Spencer On April 23, 1838, the first steamboat to cross the Atlantic Ocean from England to America arrived in New York City. Come along with Tidbits as we remember the contribution made by steamships.

SIRIUS vs GREAT WESTERN

• The SS Great Western was the first paddlewheel steamship built with the intention of crossing the Atlantic, and it was the largest passenger ship in the world at the time.

Built in Bristol, England, it was launched on March 31, 1838, whereupon a fire broke out in the engine room. Damage was minimal, but fifty passengers cancelled their bookings, leaving only seven passengers to make the trip.

• Taking advantage of the delay, rival steamship Sirius embarked for New York, keen on beating the Great Western across the ocean. The Sirius left on April 4, followed by the Great Western on April 8. Even with the start, the Sirius beat the Great Western by only a single day, arriving on April 23.

• The average speed of the Sirius was 8.03 knots but the Great Western made the trip at 8.66 knots. The Great Western went on to make 45 ocean crossings in the next eight years, averaging 16 days west to New York and 13 days going back to Britain, in a day when the journey usually took 40 days on a sail-powered boat.

cont’d next page

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STEAMSHIP BEGINNINGS

• Before steamships crossed the ocean, they plied the rivers. In 1819 the first steamboat made its way up the Missouri River as far as the site where Omaha sits today. It was called the Western Engineer and carried surveyors. It was shaped like a dragon monster, with the steam of the engines emitted from its mouth. It was hoped this fearful sight would prevent Indians from attacking the boat. Apparently the ploy was successful, as the boat encountered no trouble.

FULTON’S MONOPOLY

• Robert Fulton is remembered as the father of the steamboat, although John Fitch and John Stevens worked on the invention before him. Fulton adapted ideas of others and put steamboats in the public eye. He applied for a monopoly of steam traffic on the nation’s rivers. The state of New York granted him alone the right to operate steam powered boats within its boundaries. Fulton then asked for similar rights from other states. All turned him down except Louisiana. Controlling steam traffic in Louisiana meant that Fulton ultimately controlled much of the traffic on the Mississippi, because he could prevent all other steamships from reaching New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico.

• A man named Shreve was also interested in steamboats. To challenge Fulton’s monopoly, he took a boat called the Enterprise down the Mississippi to New Orleans. He put up bail for the boat as soon as he landed, before deputies had even attached it. He then returned north to build a better steamboat, called the Washington.

• On her maiden voyage, the Washington set a speed record for travel from Louisville to New Orleans. The lawsuit against the Enterprise was still unsettled, and the Washington was quickly impounded. Shreve countered by getting a court order holding Fulton responsible for loss of income.

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FULTON’S MONOPOLY (cont’d)

• By now, people realized it was a mistake to let only one company run steamboats on the river. Public sentiment was against Fulton. Seeing the writing on the wall, lawsuits were dropped and the monopoly was broken.

• Later Shreve was appointed U.S. Superintendent of Western River Improvements. He invented the ‘snag boat’ which cleared some 300 miles of the Mississippi River of obstacles. Shreveport, Louisiana was named after him.

—Fact—

One of Shreve’s tasks was to dismantle a floating, living raft made of logs and live trees, weeds and shrubs. This huge tangled mass of vegetation was 26 miles long. Each time the Mississippi River flooded, the raft would be lifted and moved to some other location, blocking shipping lanes where ever it went. It took Shreve five years and a mere $311,000 to blast a channel through the center of the raft. It wasn’t until some 30 years later when, with the help of a new invention called nitroglycerin, U.S. Engineers were able to blast away the last of the Great Raft.

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BUGS IN THE SYSTEM

• Shreve built many steamboats but his favorite was always the Washington.

When a boiler exploded on June 9, 1819, Shreve was injured and 8 others died. This was the first in a long string of steamboat accidents. Besides exploding boilers, another problem was the incredible heights of the boats. At first steamboats were only double-deckers, then a third and fourth deck were added. These towering boats could not hold their own against crosswinds and were often blown into shoals. Another danger was the fact that the entire boats were made of wood and were extremely flammable.

RAILROADS vs STEAMSHIPS When railroads started crossing the continent, people with vested interests in steamships tried to vilify railroads. In posters and ads, railroads were called the work of the devil. But railroads eventually put steamboats out of business.

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• 70% of the steamboats that were destroyed on the Missouri River met their end by striking snags. Nearly 300 ships were lost this way. Shreve’s snag boats removed 2,245 snags and 1,710 overhanging trees in 300 miles.

A LANDMARK COURT CASE

In 1853 the Rock Island Railroad built a drawbridge over the Mississippi River in order to let trains cross the river. When a steamboat called the Effie Afton smashed against the bridge and sunk with the loss of many lives, the owner hired a young lawyer who argued that the railroad was at fault and should be forced to remove the bridge. Although the steamboat company spent $20,000 on litigation, the case was lost. Soon railroad bridges were popping up along the length of the river. The young lawyer, however, went on to greater things.

His name was Abe Lincoln.

A NEW PORT

In 1851 David Denny and John Low built a cabin on the Puget Sound and started a town. Shortly afterwards the first steamboat arrived, looking for lumber to carry to San Francisco. The pioneers had lots of lumber, but there was no easy place where the logs could be loaded on the ship.

The settlers decided to relocate their town to a “NATIONAL” place whereWORDS boats could more easily (continued): be• loaded unloaded.

The itlocal Indians French:and Chefs know what means to “french” a food item.

It’s a verb that means helped them find a new town site. The new cut into thin strips, like, well, french fries.it’s townto was named for their chief.

Today (And yes, that’s how the finger-friendly pothe largest in beans the Pacific tato dish metropolitan took its name.)area Green are Northwest, and commonly it the 8thprepared largestinport another item this in manner. the U.S. What city is it?

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● It was Benjamin Franklin who made the following sage observation: “It takes many good deeds to build a good reputation, and only one bad one to lose it.”

● If you’re afraid of sharks, you might want to consider this tidbit: Every year, more people are killed by bees than by sharks.

● If you’re like 87 percent of American adults, you use the Internet. The only thing I find surprising about this statistic is that there are 13 percent of adults who [SET ITAL]don’t[END ITAL] use it.

● Those interested in maritime history (and practically everyone else, for that matter) are familiar with the story of the Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on the night of April 15, 1912. It’s interesting to note, though, that in 1898 a book called “Futility,” by Morgan Robertson, described an almost identical scenario: The ship in the novel was called Titan, and, like the Titanic, it was trying to break a speed record for crossing the Atlantic. The Titan was declared to be unsinkable, and it didn’t have enough lifeboats for all the passengers. On its fictional voyage in the month of April, it struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean and sank, resulting in the deaths of almost all the passengers.

● In a recent survey, more Americans said they would have a hard time giving up the Internet than said they’d have a hard time giving up TV. ● In Ireland, the police do not carry firearms. Their only weapons are batons and pepper spray. ● In 1943, then-chairman of IBM, Thomas Watson, went on the record saying, “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.”

(c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

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FAMOUS CANADIANS: SAMUEL CUNARD

• Samuel Cunard was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1787, the son of a successful carpenter. He grew up on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the thriving maritime industries of Halifax.

• At the age of 17, he took over management of his father’s large lumber yard. He then spent three years studying the shipping industry in Boston. When Samuel returned to Halifax from Boston at the age of 21, his father built a wharf and bought a schooner, and together they established the firm of A. Cunard & Son as they engaged in trading up and down the coast of Canada. Soon, a second ship was added in order to engage in river trade.

• When the War of 1812 broke out, A. Cunard & Son was one of the few shipping outfits authorized to operate in American waters while flying a neutral flag. When the war ended, Samuel went to England where he obtained the contract to carry mail from Britain to Bermuda once a month. By 1814, Bermuda enjoyed the most reliable mail delivery of any of the British colonies. In 1816, Samuel Cunard was also granted the contract to carry mail from England to Boston.

• When his father died, the company was re-named S. Cunard & Co as several of Samuel’s brothers joined the firm. By now the company owned thirty ships, all of them powered by sail which was the only option at the time. Next Samuel landed the contract to carry tea for the East India Company of London. Then he bought a coal mine in Nova Scotia and started shipping coal.

• By 1825, the Cunard brothers were becoming interested in a new invention, the steamship.

They commissioned the construction of their first steamer, the Royal William.

• The Royal William ran between Halifax and Quebec. When a cholera outbreak forced the Royal William into quarantine, the company nearly went bankrupt, but Samuel Cunard was convinced that transatlantic steamship service was feasible. To test his theory, in 1833, he took the Royal William across the Atlantic from Canada to England, making the trip in only 17 days. While in England, he sold the ship.

• Five years later, Samuel Cunard was in England when he saw several side-wheel paddle steamships under construction in the race to be the first steamer to travel across the Atlantic from England to America. He followed the story of the race between the Sirius and the Great Western with interest.

• Back in Canada, he saw an ad in the London Times: “Steam vessels required for conveying Her Majesty’s Mails and Dispatches between England and Halifax, N.S., and also between England, Halifax and New York.” Cunard set sail for England at once, where he won the contract. He commissioned the construction of three steamers, knowing that this venture would make or break him. The new firm was called Cunard’s Company, shortened to simply Cunard’s. By 1940, Samuel Cunard had three steamers making regular ocean crossings in only 12 days.

• After establishing an unbeatable reputation for safety, Cunard began investing in ocean liners, dominating the Atlantic passenger trade with ships such as the RMS Queen Mary, the RMS Queen Elizabeth, and the Queen Elizabeth II. • Samual Canard died a wealthy man in 1865. The Cunard line continues to this day, although it now operates as a division of the Carnival Corporation and is based out of the United Kingdom rather than Canada.

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TOOLS 4 LIFE

BY DR. JIM COYLE

Do I Have a Song in my Heart?

Chirpie’s owner was vacuuming his cage one day when the phone rang. As she reached over to answer the phone,” ssschloop”, Chirpie got sucked in. The bird owner gasped, put down the phone, turned off the vacuum, and opened the bag.

There was Chirpie -- still alive, but stunned. She grabbed him and raced to the bathroom, turned on the faucet, and held Chirpie under the running water. As Chirpie was soaked and shivering, the owner reached for the hair dryer and blasted the pet with hot air. Poor Chirpie never knew what hit him.

Chirpie doesn’t sing much anymore, he just sits and stares.

Sucked in, washed up, and blown over, Chirpie lost his song.

Scriptures tell us we are created to worship just like Chirpie.

The traumas of life can stun us and we can lose our voice.

Jesus faced the worst trauma ever known to mankind, His brutal death. “Now my soul is troubled, and what shall I say?

‘Father, save me from this hour’? No, it was for this very reason I came to this hour. Father, glorify your name!” John 12:27-28. No matter how bad it gets, KEEP SINGING!!!!!!

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Hospital Patients Risk Infection

Hospital stays can make you sick. A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discovered that one quarter of patients in hospitals get serious infections.

The study of more than 11,000 patients, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, looked at antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as bacterium clostridium difficile (commonly know as c. diff) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a staph infection, being acquired in hospitals. Devices, such as catheters and ventilators, were included as the sources of infection. The study estimated that more than 700,000 infections were acquired in hospitals in one year alone.

At the root of the massive numbers of antibiotic-resistant infections is the over-prescription of antibiotics, which reduces their effectiveness.

If you’re due for hospitalization, be bold about your own care. The CDC has a poster with these six steps to help avoid hospital infections.

1) Talk to your doctor, ideally before you go into the hospital. Ask what they’ll do to protect you against infections. If you have a catheter, will it be changed every day? How can you prepare in advance to guard against infection?

2) If no relatives or friends are around to represent you in the hospital, speak up!

If you don’t see medical staff washing hands in your room before touching you, assume it wasn’t done and say something.

3) Ask if tests have been done to ensure that the right antibiotic is being used.

4) Know the signs of an infection: redness and pain at a surgical site, as well as fever.

5) If you’ve been taking antibiotics, watch out for diarrhea. Tell your doctor as it could be c. difficile, which can be deadly.

6) Get your flu shots and other vaccinations to prevent infections.

Matilda Charles regrets that she cannot personally answer reader questions, but will incorporate them into her column whenever possible. Send email to columnreply2@gmail.com. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

April 23rd, 2014

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Passengers aboard an elegant cruise yacht were having a great party when a beautiful young girl fell overboard. Immediately there was an 80-yearold man in the water who rescued her. The sailors pulled them both out of the treacherous waters. The captain was grateful as well as astonished that the old man performed such an act of bravery. That night a luxurious banquet was given in honor of the cruise yacht’s elderly hero. He was called forward to receive an award and was asked to say a few words. He said, “First of all, I’d like to know who pushed me!”

p called port? g” is better

” is better

ersion of a

TTTTUUBELCS

p when the ngh Sidhu

This word means: Originally the name for Q: Where does a ship go when it’s sick? a cask of drinking water on a ship, it now refers to the gossip typically exchanged while drinking water, as when office workers gather around the water cooler.

A: To the doc!

onlY $599.99

1. This term for the right side of a ship Passengers aboard an elegant cruise yacht were comes from “steer board” meaning the side having a great party when a beautiful young girl /20/1889 of the ship that the rudder or paddlewheel fell overboard. Immediately there was an 80-year21/1838 MOMENTS IN was located on. old man in theTIME water who rescued her. The sailors l 4/22/1936 2.

Why is the left side of a ship called port? pulled them both out of the treacherous waters. The The History Channel 4/23/1936 “Radio ranging” is better well as1915, astonished that the forces shock Allied soldiers 1. Starboard is3.the rightdetecting side ship. ne 4/24/1934 ● On April 27, 1667, blind poetof aand John Milton sells thecaptain●was Ongrateful Aprilas 22, German The left sideknown of a ship is called the port side old man performed suchWestern an act of bravery.

That night 5/1940 as what? copyright2. to his masterpiece “Paradise Lost” for a mere 10 along the front by firing more than 150 tons of because that’s the side that always pulled up to the banquet was givengas in honoragainst of the cruisetwo French colonial divisions. udubon “Sound Navigation Ranging” is better a port 4. for loading and unloading. pounds. dock Onceinprinted, the poem was immediately hailed asa luxurious lethal chlorine elderly hero. He was called forward to receive 3 “Radio and ranging” is better known as what? a masterpiece of detecting theknown English language.

In 1671, heaswroteyacht’s The Germans, perhaps as shocked as the Allies by the radar. an award and was asked to say a few words. He said, 5.followed “Mayday” isbythe“Samson American of a He devastating “Paradise4. Regained,” Agonistes.”

“Sound Navigation Ranging” is sonar.version “First of all, I’d like to knoweffects who pushedof me!”the poison gas, failed to take full French phrase meaning what?

5.

“Mayday” comes from the French “m’aidez” died in 1674. advantage, and the Allies held most of their positions. prefix “S.S.” before a ship’s namemeaning stands for “help me.” ?

● On April 25, 1859, at Port Said, Egypt, ground is broken

lifornia study showed 90% ofSuez Canal, an artificial waterway intended to forthatthe mboat boiler explosions occurred101 whenmiles the across the isthmus of Suez and connect stretch were engaged in this activity. theunwise Mediterranean and the Red seas. When it opened,

the Suez Canal was only 25 feet deep, 72 feet wide at the bottom, and 200 feet to 300 feet wide at the surface. Fewer in than 500 ships navigated it in its first year of operation.

● On April 23, 1961, Judy Garland plays Carnegie Hall in what has been called “the greatest night in showbiz history.” The concert took place on the one night a week that Broadway performers have off -- Sunday night -- and the audience was therefore a friendly one.

● On April 26, 1977, Studio 54, the most famous nightclub in the world, opens its doors. The venue became famous for openly and shamelessly excluding all but the most chic, famous or beautiful patrons. Studio 54’s golden era lasted soldiers and officers2nd when dealing with Confederate less than threethe years.

This word means: Originally name for Quarter 2014 prisoners and civilians. It became the standard for a cask of drinking water on a ship, it now refers to the gossip typically exchanged Week 17 international military law.

are found an extend the “Anybody can issues pilot a shipGeneral when the Order astic requires ● On April 24, 1863, the Union army is calm.”of--Navjot Singhfor SidhuFederal to create new No. 100, which provided sea a code conduct

while drinking water, as when office(c) 2012 King Features Synd., Inc. workers gather around the water cooler.

The Dutch word “jaght” meant “hunting” “schip” meant “ship” and “jaghtschip” t “fast pirate ship.” In English, a type of k maneuverable ship took its name from utch “jaght” and became a “yacht.” 1.

Adolf Hitler 4/20/1889 John Muir 4/21/1838 “S.S.” stands for “steam ship” or “screw Glen Campbell 4/22/1936 steamer” indicating a ship powered by steam that turns a screw. “P.S.” before a ship’s name Roy Orbison 4/23/1936 The world’s largest port is the Port ofindicated it was a “paddle steame” and “T.S.” meant it was a “turbine steamer.”

Shirley MacLaine 4/24/1934 York / New Jersey. The waterfront is 7552. Most explosions happened when steamboats Pacinoof steamboat4/25/1940 racing. In the first 30Alyears long, and it’s capable of berthing 391were ing, 233 boats were lost; over 1,000 people John James at a time. were killed; and nearly 2,000 people Audubon were injured.

4/26/1785 20% of the steamboats that left St. Louis d for Fort Benton, Montana via the ouri River never made it back. Differences: 1. Lamp is missing. 2. Hat is smaller.

ANSWERS

TTTTUUBELCS

HOCUS-FOCUS 3. Briefcase word is different. 4. Mailbox is missing.

5. Mat is missing. 6. Bill slip is missing.

1. Starboard is the right side of a ship.

2. The left side of a ship is called the port side because that’s the side that always pulled up to the dock in a port for loading and unloading.

3 “Radio detecting and ranging” is better known as radar.

4. “Sound Navigation Ranging” is sonar.

5. “Mayday” comes from the French “m’aidez” meaning “help me.”

foot long, 4 ton paddlewheeler boat— entirely out of half gallon n Lake Winnebago during the Walleye Weekend Festival in 1986.

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