FOR INFORMATION ON THE TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES AWAITING YOU AND YOUR CHILDREN IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRIES Send an E-mail to: info@aneairport.org Blaine Airport Promotional Group
Flying is not by the Seat of Your Pants Memories from Don Uhlenberg: A Pilot: I experienced flight training in the summer of 1957, in Fort Worth, Texas at the American Flyers Flight School with my friend Carl Lipke. Carl instructed me and many others at the U of Minnesota flight school. He later became a well-known FAA flight examiner. “Needle, ball, airspeed,…” I still remember the instructor’s voice in my headphones as I sat under the closed hood of a Link trainer trying desperately to maintain control solely by reference to the turn, bank and airspeed indicators. By keeping the needle centered with the rudders, the ball in the middle with the ailerons, and the nose level with the elevators, I was able to maintain some semblance of level flight. Soon I “advanced” enough to use the altimeter for holding altitude, the turn needle and compass to make turns and prescribed headings, I even used instruments to recover from spins. After acquiring these basic skills, I was introduced to the low frequency four-course range. Earlier in aviation this transmission of letters in Morse code (dots and dashes) was interpreted while heard through headphones, and it provided pilots with enough information to orient themselves if lost, to navigate from one station to another, it even helped them perform approaches to airports. Finally, toward the end of the 6 week course, I was introduced to the VOR and ADF, two visually presented navigation systems. Eventually my training was mixed with flight in an aircraft until completion. Since then I have had the opportunity to “fly” several simulators including a B-52 simulator at Grand Forks Air Force Base. No, I was not a military pilot, and yes, I crashed on landing. Fort Worth, Texas had one of the last Link Trainers in the U.S. and I never saw one again. Much has changed, yet much has remained. Here is how it started: Edwin Albert Link had developed a strong interest in aviation as a young man but was unable to afford the high cost of flying lessons in the 1920's. So, in 1927, at the age of 24, he decided to build a simulator to teach himself the basic rudiments of flight. He called it the “Pilot Trainer”. The project took 18 months to complete and a patent was
acquired soon after in 1931. Edwin worked in the family business, which manufactured player pianos and organs. He not only demonstrated an aptitude for science and mechanics but also acquired knowledge about bellows, valves and air pumps, all critical in the design of his stationary trainer. His development of these devices into the trainer actually allowed it to pitch, roll, and turn through movement of standard cockpit controls. Later models included the addition of navigation and radio aids and gradually more sophisticated flight instruments. Link trainers also came equipped with a desk and included a device called a Crab that tracked the pilot’s flight progress in red ink on a map or approach chart. This allowed the operator to play the role of an FAA Controller, and provided a useful visual tool for debriefing. The original Link trainers, with a short stubby fuselage and wings, looked more like toys than an airplane, and, in fact, many of the first sales were to amusement parks. Things improved though when Ed and his brother opened the Link Flying School. Operating from the family plant after hours, and offering a guaranteed course in flying for $85, the school did well until the great depression. This put a damper on the general public’s interest in flying and trainer sales stagnated ...then a very significant and rather historical event happened. In 1934, the Army Air Corps was awarded the contract to carry the U. S. Mail (Airmail). Back then, pilots were still trained to fly airplanes visually, by looking at the ground (seat of your pants kinda thing). Flying with reliance solely on instruments had been demonstrated a few years back by the famous James Doolittle (he led the first air raid on Tokyo Japan in 1942); however, Army pilots were not trained to fly by instruments. Consequently, flying the mail around in any weather was a deadly risk, in fact, in this case it was a disaster. During the first 78 day period of making sure the mail got through, 12 Army pilots were killed attempting to fly in hazardous weather conditions. This tragic loss of life in such a short period prompted Army officials to take a closer look at solutions, including Link’s Pilot Trainer and convincing evidence was about to emerge. One day in 1934 at Newark, New Jersey, when a group of Army officers were waiting for Edwin Link to fly in for a meeting. They were about to leave
because the weather was foggy and misty when they heard the sound of an aircraft approaching. It was Edwin Link flying totally by instrumentation and making a safe landing. As a result, the Air Corps immediately ordered the first six Pilot Trainers at $3,500 each. As word spread regarding the usefulness of Edwin Link’s simulator in preparing pilots for instrument flight, Link Aviation Devices Inc. was formed. Demand increased tremendously. The initial version known as the C-3 Pilot Trainer, saw improvements during the 30’s, and by the time WW II started, it became known as the ANY-18 (Army Navy Trainer model 18). It was now not merely a Basic Instrument Trainer but also incorporated advanced features and training abilities such as retractable landing gear, pre-stall buffeting, and spin capability. (great for aerial combat). The ANT-18 became standard equipment to every military training school in the U. S. and its allies. It introduced tens of thousands of fledgling pilots to the basics of instrument flight. During the war years, Link manufactured over 10,000 units, turning out one every 45 minutes. Link trainers, as they were quite inexpensive, were used well into the sixties and did a pretty good job of introducing pilots to instrument flying and helping them to maintain currency after attaining an instrument rating. The University of Minnesota had its flight school in the 1960’s at the Blaine Airport. Time in a Link trainer was added as a part of their private pilot course to give students primary training in VOR navigation (very high frequency omnidirectional radio range) or Hood UP, as well as an introduction to instrument flying, or Hood Down . Today, instrumentation allows a pilot and their aircraft to fly a precision GPS approach. No more “dive and drive”. WAAS GPS approaches, allow a pilot to fly down a glide path at a vast majority of airports, in similar fashion to the industry standard, ILS. (ILS is a highly accurate Instrument Landing System that provides a radio signal navigation aid used by pilots landing at an airport when there is poor weather and/or low visibility.) Most new airplanes, and retrofitted older planes, are equipped with an all glass cockpit. A flight simulator is a wonderful place to learn how to fly with this technology. The old 2½” artificial horizon has quadrupled in size to 10” giving a pilot the feeling
A Wilderness Experience
of looking out the front window. This has made flying an airplane easier while in the clouds, but it has created new challenges; such as how to operate the new system, which button to push and when, learning the auto pilot and flight director, programming the GPS…….. There are pages and pages of electronic information to be found in these systems, all demanding the pilot’s attention. Flying an airplane is fun, challenging, exciting, and satisfying. While some pilots may shy away from simulator training because they just want to fly an airplane, often nothing beats a simulator for learning how to fly on instruments or as an effective tool in becoming a more proficient pilot. We should especially remember two very important features of a simulator: 1. The freeze button. We have yet to find one of these in an airplane even though every pilot would love to have one. 2. The ability to “backup” the simulator and redo something you just did incorrectly. Like number 1, we have yet……… From its humble beginnings, Edwin Link’s efforts with the Link Pilot Trainer launched a company that dominated the military and civilian simulation industry well into the 80’s and 90’s. Truly, Edwin Link must be considered the “Father of Aircraft Simulation.” Many surviving ANT-18’s have been restored and are on display in various museums including the Golden Wings Museum at Anoka County Blaine Airport. 500,000 US pilots were trained on Link Flight simulators, as were pilots of nations as diverse as Australia, Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, Israel, Japan, Pakistan, and the USSR. It has been designated as a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The Link Company, now the Link Simulation & Training division of L-3 Communications, continues to make aerospace simulators. When comparing the original Link Trainer to today’s flight simulator, one has to wonder....what will the flight simulators of 2050 be like? If you want to know more about Aviation today and the fulfillment needs of tomorrow, contact your local airport public relations department, Anoka County Airport in Blaine or call the Blaine Airport Promotion Group.
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▲ On Feb. 19, 1878, the technology that made the modern music business possible was born in the New Jersey laboratory where Thomas Alva Edison created the first device to both record sound and play it back -- the phonograph. ▲ On Feb. 18, 1885, Mark Twain publishes his famous -- and controversial -- novel “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” Its satirical look at racism, religion and other social attitudes of the time led libraries to ban the book. ▲ On Feb. 21, 1948, NASCAR -- the National Association for Stock Car Racing -- is officially incorporated. NASCAR held its first Strictly Stock race in 1949 at Charlotte Speedway in
• Milk was originally sold by the dipperful from open cans. Henry Thatcher was standing in line one day in 1883 to buy some milk. The little girl ahead of him accidentally dropped her filthy rag doll into the open can of milk. The milk man fished the doll out, then turned to Mr. Thatcher to serve him. Thatcher decided he didn't need any milk that day after all. The following year he patented the first milk bottle with a sanitary seal. Soon all milk was sold in bottles. • An official in the Coca-Cola company wanted the design of the bottles to be so distinctive that a bottle could be recognized in the dark, or if it was broken. In 1913 the prototype of the shapely bottle we still use was introduced. It was patterned after a cola nut: bulging at the sides with ridges. • Early soda pop bottlers had trouble finding bottles that wouldn’t explode. They had to wait for heavy mass produced bottles to be invented. • A man named Colonel Taylor wanted to raise the popularity of his bourbon, named Old Taylor. He hired men to collect empty bottles of Old Taylor, and shipped three freight car loads to New York City. Another crew set up the empty bottles on mantels and shelves in bars, restaurants, and clubs all across town. Having rows of empties gave the impression the Old Taylor was the most popular drink in the town, and New Yorkers began to order. PLASTIC • In the mid-1970s, Portugal over-cut their cork oak forests and failed to replant. The result was a worldwide cork shortage, leading to the development of plastic stoppers for wine bottles. • Plastic bottles were first used commercially in 1947 but did not become widespread in the industry until polyethylene (PET) was invented in the 1960s. Manufacturers flocked to plastic not only because it weighs less than glass thereby saving on shipping costs, but also because it doesn’t shatter during shipping. • In 1976, the average American consumed 1.5 gallons (2.6 l) of bottled water each year. By 2008, the number had grown to about 30 gallons (113 l) of bottled water per person in the U.S. It takes about 2 quarts (1.9 l) of water to produce a single plastic bottle. • In the U.S., 24% of bottled water sold is either Pepsi’s Aquafina or Coke’s Dasani. Both brands are bottled, purified municipal tap water. LEAD CRYSTAL • Lead crystal is valued because of its brilliancy and clarity. However, when beverages are stored in lead crystal bottles, glasses, or decanters, the lead passes into the liquid and then into the bloodstream of the consumer. Many people assume that if you store your beverage in the leaded container only for the duration of the dinner, no harm will be done. Studies have shown that some room-temperature
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North Carolina.
the beginning of the city’s Mardi Gras celebrations. Though early French ▲ On Feb. 15, 1961, the entire 18- settlers had brought the tradition of member U.S. figure skating team is Mardi Gras, Spanish governors later killed in a plane crash in Belgium. banned the celebrations. The team was on its way to the 1961 World Figure Skating Championships ▲ On Feb. 25, 1870, Hiram Rhoades in Czechoslovakia. After the crash, an Revels, a Republican from Natchez, American woman (Peggy Fleming) Mississippi, is sworn into the U.S. would not capture Olympic gold until Senate, becoming the first black 1968, while a U.S. man (Scott Hamilton) American ever to sit in Congress. During would not do so until 1984. the Civil War, Revels, a college-educated minister, served as a chaplain for the ▲ On Feb. 16, 1997, Jeff Gordon claims Union army. his first Daytona 500 victory, becoming at age 25 the youngest winner in the ▲ On Feb. 26, 1935, Nazi leader Adolf history of the 500-mile NASCAR race, Hitler signs a secret decree authorizing dubbed the “Super Bowl of stock car the founding of the Reich Luftwaffe as racing.” a third German military service. The Versailles Treaty that ended World War ▲ On Feb. 27, 1827, a group of masked I had prohibited military aviation in and costumed students dance through Germany. the streets of New Orleans, marking liquids can increase from 1 microgram of lead per liter to 166 micrograms per liter in just 15 minutes. (The EPA guidelines for water are 50 micrograms per liter, with recent recommendations for lowering it to 20.) Wine will double its lead content in only an hour. ANCIENT BOTTLES • In 1954, 18 liquor bottles were salvaged from a ship that had gone down 250 years earlier off the English coast. The bottles were good as new, but the corks had deteriorated and there was no longer any liquor in the bottles. OOPS… • In 1982 a Coca-Cola bottler in Tennessee began a new contest, whereby consumers had to spell out "home run" with letters in the bottle tops to win $100,000. The odds were supposed to be a million to one because very few bottle caps with the letter R were supposed to be produced. However, due to an error at the bottling plant, 18,000 extra Rs went out and people started popping up all over wanting their money. The bottler backed out of the contest. • In 1945, First Lady Bess Truman was asked to christen a new plane, but someone forgot to score the champagne bottle so it would shatter. When she hit the plane with the bottle, it dented the plane but the bottle remained intact. Again and again she swung the bottle, but succeeded only in enlarging the dent. Finally a workman grabbed the bottle, held it against the plane, and smashed it with his wrench, drenching Bess. • The Heublein food company once came out with an upscale TV dinner that came with a small bottle of wine which was supposed to be poured on the food before cooking. People drank the wine instead of cooking with it and the product flopped. • Minor league umpire Steamboat Johnson once noted, "I have rendered about one million decisions since I began umpiring. Something like four thousand bottles have been thrown at me in my day but only about 20 ever hit me. That does not speak very well for the accuracy of the fans' throwing."
▲ On Feb. 23, 1958, five-time Formula One champion Juan Manuel Fangio of Argentina is kidnapped in Cuba by a group of Fidel Castro’s rebels. Fangio was released the next day after the Cuba Grand Prix ended. ▲ On Feb. 28, 1964, Thelonious Monk makes the cover of Time magazine. Beatlemania was at its peak, but contemporary jazz music had captured the imagination of a significant number of American music fans. ▲ On Feb. 24, 1988, the U.S. Supreme Court votes 8-0 to overturn the $200,000 settlement awarded to the Reverend Jerry Falwell for his emotional distress at being parodied in Hustler magazine. The court ruled that Hustler’s parody, although in poor taste, fell within the First Amendment’s protection of freedom of speech and the press.
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Do you have common warts? Volunteers, ages 18-50 years of age are wanted for a research study that will compare investigational topical study medications for common warts. If you have a common wart on the top of your hands or feet (excluding the soles) please call for a free study evaluation. • All participants are seen by a board certified Dermatologis • Qualified participants will be reimbursed for time and travel
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• Pigs are among the most intelligent of the domesticated animals. Their IQ is comparable to a dog’s. • Technically speaking, a pig is an animal less than 10 weeks old, and a hog is a mature pig. Piglets weaned off their mother’s milk are called shoats. A female pig is called a gilt until she has given birth, when she is called a sow. An adult male is called a boar. A castrated male is called a barrow. • From birth to the age of six months, a typical piglet will increase its size by 7,000 percent. • Pigs can live up to 15 years. • Like humans, pigs are omnivores, meaning they eat both plants and other animals. They prefer to eat slowly and savor their food. • There are 16 species of pigs including wild boars, pygmy hogs, and domestic pigs. Domestic pigs have curly tails; wild pigs have straight tails. • Pig skin has no sweat glands. To keep cool, pigs prefer a dip in cool, clean water. If that is not available, mud will do. Mud also protects them from lice and other parasites as well as preventing sunburn. • Pigs prefer clean pens, and will always relieve themselves in the corner furthest from where they sleep. • The pig’s snout is very sensitive to touch. Some pig farmers put rings in pigs’ noses to prevent them from rooting around in the dirt with their snouts, causing damage to crops. • Pigs consume half the corn supply of the U.S., and 75 million of them each year are slaughtered to provide Americans with the 65 pounds (29 kg) of pork eaten per capita. • About 65% of a pig is edible. (continued) • Bacon is one of the oldest processed meats in history. The Chinese began salting pork bellies as early as 1500 BC. Today, 38% of meat consumed worldwide is pork. • Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto brought pigs with him in the year 1539 when he came to explore the southeastern region of North America. They were the first pigs on the continent. Pigs that escaped from his herd
became and ancestors of razorback pigs. • Pigs are important in medicine, because their skin is used for treating burns, their insulin is used for diabetics, their thyroxine is used to treat underactive thyroids, and a compound from their pituitary gland is used to relieve arthritis. About 40 different medications are made from pigs, and their heart valves have been used to replace human heart valves. • Because of their thick skin, pigs can withstand the bite of venomous snakes far better than other animals. • "Porcus" is Latin for pig, giving us the word pork. • The world’s largest pig was Big Bill, a hog who was five feet tall (1.5 m) at the shoulder, nine feet long (2.7 m), and weighed 2,552 pounds (1,157 kg) in 1933. He was scheduled to be exhibited at the World’s Fair but broke a leg and had to be put down. • Because young pigs grow so fast, a total of 48 piglets were used during the filming of the movie “Babe.â€? • The reason pigs are used to sniff out truffles below the ground is because truffles exude a scent that imitates the pig's sexual chemical messengers. • Winston Churchill famously said that, “Dogs look up to man. Cats look down to man. Pigs look us straight in the eye and see an equal.â€?
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Strong Legs Boost Brainpower A 10-year British study out of Kings College found an interesting correlation between leg strength and brainpower. In the first-of-its-kind study, strong legs equated to cognitive strength down the road. Female twins between the ages of 43 and 73 (average age 55) were recruited for baseline testing, with adjustments made for various parameters such as socioeconomic status, alcohol drinking, blood pressure, level of exercise and more. Memory and learning were measured at the start of the study, as were the strength of leg muscles of both twins. Brain scans also were taken. Ten years later the tests were repeated. Those who’d started and ended with more muscular legs
showed the best results in memory and cognitive tests and more brain volume. The researchers still don’t know for certain why they saw these results. More studies need to be done, they said, to understand how aerobics, brain function and leg muscle power all come together, and whether muscle-building chemicals somehow make their way to the brain. While scientists didn’t predict the outcome, it was not surprising because they’ve long known that general exercise can help with cognitive function. Until they figure out the specifics, one thing is clear: adding more walking or doing exercises designed to increase leg strength can help with memory and thinking. We can run, take dance classes, lengthen our daily walk and spend time on a treadmill or rowing machine at the gym. Even yoga can help strengthen leg muscles. For those who aren’t mobile, seated rowing exercises with a resistance band can help, as can a recumbent bicycle. Consider asking your doctor for an exercise plan that concentrates on the leg muscles. (c) 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.
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â&#x2122;Ś Snowflakes are one of natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most fragile things, but just look what they do when they stick together. â&#x2122;Ś Death has a tendency to encourage a depressing view of war. Donald Rumsfeld â&#x2122;Ś The opposite of talking isn't listening; the opposite of talking is waiting. â&#x2122;Ś "One kind word can warm three winter months."-Japanese proverb â&#x2122;Ś I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones. It's time to Albert Einstein learn â&#x2122;Ś If you are not too long, I will wait here a few things f g for you all my life. Oscar Wilde â&#x2122;Ś "Winter, a lingering season, is a time to gather golden moments, embark upon a sentimental journey, and enjoy every idle hour. " â&#x2122;Ś It's negative to think about blowing each other up. George W Bush
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Five challenges of buying used – and how to overcome them Buying used takes a little more work and patience. But the rewards can be great. Undeniably, there are drawbacks. Sure, you get a nice bargain, but no purchase is a perfect one. Whenever your hear talk about buying things used some of the same topics come up time and time again. Used stuff smells funny or isn’t clean, used books can sometimes smell musty, used clothes sometimes don’t seem perfectly clean - Even though most used thrift stores take pride in making sure used clothing is thoroughly inspected for damage and most importantly, cleanliness. The same goes with used dishes and countless other items. Regardless, the amazing thing is that things can actually be cleaned really easily. It doesn’t take that long and isn’t that hard – really! It takes too much time to buy used stuff - Compared to just running down to Wal-Mart and picking up whatever $3 shirts they have freshly imported from China, buying used does take more time than buying new. However, if you normally invest at least some time listing and selecting the items you need, it’s not particularly more time effective to go to a “name” retailer than it is to buy used. If you expect that you’re going to go out for a day of shopping and come home with two outfits, period, then you’re missing the point. The point of buying used is to slowly make a list of the stuff you need. “I sure could replace that lawnmower … and I do need some new shirts … and maybe I could use a few cheap books, too.” That’s the attitude to take when you’re shopping used. I feel cheap buying used stuff - In one day you will see over 30,000 ads and commercials with some type of visual or audio enticement (yes, we have them in Tidbits too). Most are for new and enchanting products and
marketers must make new, fresh and their interpretation of fashionable look as hip and sexy as possible. We need new things to be sure, for a sense of moving forward, for learning, for new ways of entertainment and exploration, and sometimes just for fun. But, too often personal status is measured in our lives from having the latest and greatest. It rears its ugly head every day and is one of the most overrated and brainwashed concepts of civilization. The idea that something “new” is inherently better than something “used” is most often just plain wrong. Here’s a similarity to consider. We are all used, but we still hope the best of what we have left is yet to come for ourselves and particularly for others to enjoy. A good used item often has most of its lifetime left as well. In fact, and most often, a used item’s useful life is ahead of it - as it should also be felt for yours. In truth, buying used merely means you’re finding a new home for something that was great when new, and can easily be great again. Used stores and sales simply don’t have the specific item I need Specificity has a price. If you must have a blue striped shirt made with at least 80% cotton, you’re going to have to search more, and likely have to pay more than if you simply need a new dress shirt for work. If you go to a used sale with a highly specific item in mind, you’re likely going to be disappointed. The more general your desire, the more likely you are to find success, and there is always the fun chance you may get specifically lucky. So instead of looking for a very specific shirt while thrift shopping, go in with the mindset that you simply need a shirt that fits. Instead of looking for a specific kind of dish, go in with a general idea of dishes you might buy. You’re much more likely to find just what you need if you’re a little less specific in your desires. Used stuff is junk; no one else wants it - Over the years, people take a lot of high quality items to thrift stores. Barely-worn clothes that just didn’t fit and were missing tags and gift receipts, countless gifts, gifted without receipts. Piles of barely watched DVDs and barely listened to CDs. Toys kids simply don’t get played with and are practically new. Tools someone never needed anyway or just doesn’t need any longer. The list goes on and on… No doubt there’s an awful lot of good stuff at secondhand stores and yes, there’s some dreadful junk, too. But that’s easy enough to handle – just ignore it and look for stuff you actually want. And think of this reality the next time you feel you just wanna shop, or need that something with a specific purpose without needing to be a status or fashion statement… You may not have any interest in 95% of what you see at an average thrift sale. But most probably you also have no interest in 95% of the junk you see at your typical department store. So what’s the difference? It’s recycling and good consumer stewardship. It’s good for everyone and your world will love you for it.
-WHERE TO MEET FOR LUNCH-
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● You might be surprised to learn that the person who has been nominated for more Academy Awards than any other living person is neither an actor nor a director. American composer John Williams -- who created scores for such memorable films as the “Star Wars” series, “Jaws,” “Schindler’s List,” “Jurassic Park,” the “Indiana Jones” series, “Fiddler on the Roof” and the first three “Harry Potter” movies -- has (so far) been nominated for a whopping 50 Oscars, and he has taken home five of the statuettes. He’s also received three Emmy Awards, four Golden Globes and 22 Grammy Awards -- with an astounding 65 Grammy nominations to his name. * It’s not clear why, but the incidence of left-handedness in twins is significantly higher than it is in the general population.
● Those who study such things say that your brain takes about 0.0004 seconds to retrieve a memory.
● The first volume of the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was published in 1884, 30 years after the Philological Society of London came up with the idea for a dictionary that traced the way the language had developed from Anglo-Saxon times. It was estimated that the entire project would take 10 years, but in half that time they’d completed just a single volume, covering A to Ant.
● Clyde Barrow was already a notorious criminal when he wrote a letter to Henry Ford in 1934 complimenting him on the “dandy” automobile he’d made. The Ford V-8 was Barrow’s preferred getaway car. Just a month later, Bonnie and Clyde were killed in a stolen Ford Deluxe V-8 in a shootout with police.
● If you’re traveling in China and propose a toast in someone’s honor, be sure you’re holding the glass with both hands; only rude people -- and unenlightened foreigners -- use just one hand.
● If you’re a fan of James Bond, you may be surprised to learn that Ian Fleming, the creator of that notorious character, also wrote the beloved children’s book “ChittyChitty-Bang-Bang,” based on bedtime stories the author made up for his young son.
● Those who study such things report that beloved British author Charles Dickens was adamant that he always sleep with his head pointing north. He even carried a compass with him everywhere to ensure proper positioning.
● The declarations that the physical book is dead have been overstated (as I’ve always maintained). In a recent survey of college students, 72 percent of respondents made known their preference for print textbooks over ebooks; only 27 percent of this youthful, tech-savvy demographic said they preferred the electronic version.
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In honor of the fact that William Painter patented the first bottle cap on February 2, 1892, Tidbits will be drinking from bottles this week! A NEW INVENTION • One of Napoleon's biggest problems during war was food. No matter how much food his soldiers took with them, it spoiled. Finally, Napoleon offered a prize to anyone who could invent a way to preserve food. • Nicholas Appert had grown up working in his father's wine cellars. He was intrigued with the idea that wine would never go bad if it was bottled correctly. He wondered what would happen to other foods if they were bottled. He tried soups and stews, then fruits and vegetables and milk. When the bottles were sterilized, filled, corked, and heated, the results were excellent. • He took his discovery to Napoleon, and was awarded 12,000 francs. Appert had invented canning, although it was years before cans were used instead of bottles. It was years after that before the can opener was invented. Before that, it took a hammer and chisel to open a can. In fact, some people believe that the bayonet (invented in the French town of Bayonne) was developed not to spear people, but merely to open cans! MORE BOTTLE FACTS • Before bottle caps were invented, bottles were sealed with corks. Often bottles would blow their tops if the substance inside was fizzy such as wine or beer. William Painter – a prolific inventor – solved the problem by inventing the ‘crown’ bottle cap, the design still used today. It is called the crown cap because it looks like a tiny crown. A year later, Painter also invented the bottle opener.
BY JANET
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