Contents Curriculum Vitae (CV)
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01_G.H.O.S.T.
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02_Efficient City
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03_Overhanging Experiment
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04_Cubes
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05_Wrapped House
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06_ĂŚther
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07_Inflatability x Tensegrity
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Additional Videos
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Curriculum Vitae PROFILE Name Date of birth Gender Nationality
Lai Kuan-Ting 27/06/1989 Male Taiwan
CONTACT INFORMATIONS Address 4F, NO.20, Aly.6, Ln.335, Fuxing Rd., Shulin Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan Phone +886-953-261-028 E-mail tim_lai627@hotmail.com
EDUCATION 2004-2007 2007-2012
National Hsin Tien Senior High School, Taiwan Dept. of Architecture, Tamkang University, Taiwan
WORK EXPERIENCES 2009, 2010 2010-2011 FEB/2012 2012 SEP/2013-DEC/2013
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Internship, Project assistant, Processing teaching assistant, Project Designer, X_Site Project Manager,
YES DESIGN NSC(National Science Council) Actuating Geometry in Design(AGD) workshop GT Consulting Planners GT Consulting Planners
ADDTIONAL WORKSHOPS 2009 2010 2011 2012, 2013 2013
Zhuwei Housing Workshop, TKU/JWU Habitat City, Tamkang Landscape Urbanism Workshop GECO Computational Design Workshop AGD Workshop ARM ADDITIVE ROBOTIC MATERIALIZATION
2008, 2009 2010 2012
Dept. Archi. Tamkang University exhibition URS(Urban Regeneration Station) Opening exhibition ‘Re Archi-tetris’ Thesis Design exhibition
EXHIBITIONS
COMPETITIONS 2011 2011 2013 2013 2013
Kaosiung Port Station Urban Design, Urban Development Bureau, Kaohsiung City Government, How AR you?, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tower Design Competition, Taiwan Institute of Steel Construction, Furniture Awards, Nan Chang Rd. Furniture Market, X_Site Landscape Installation Scheme, Taipei Fine Arts Museum,
Judge’s Award Winning Award Finalist Honorable Mention Exhibition Selected
SKILLS Modeling Rendering Scripting Animation making Layout Collaging
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G. H. O. S. T.
GENERATE. HYBRIDIZE. OPERATE. STRUCTURE. TRANSFORM. Project Time : 08/2011 - 05/2012 Advisor : Yu-Hua Chung Category : Thesis Design
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G.H.O.S.T. was a project aiming at developing a dynamic, multi-funtional and compactible spacial system which involved a swarm of mechanical units. Urban development is a slow process, whereas the urban space gradually expands its capacity to meet the demand of space either horizontally or vertically and excepts other factors. The rate of urban expanding can be affected by any factor, including large-scale events. World fair and Olympic Games, as international activities are the good examples to explain the scale of large events. Apparently, to hold those events requires huge space and area to make sure the events go well. To be specific, events of international scale can attract hundreds of thousands of people to visit the city, in order to accommodate these tourist, it is necessary to start lots of constructions. However, not all public amenities left behind following large-scale events really meet the needs of local residents. With respect to the above mentioned disadvantage, here comes the assumption that space should vary with differing needs.
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Space
Space
occupied occupied
occupied
one space for one program
Time
vacant
occupied
occupied
vacant
Normal Space Plan
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vacant
occupied
occupied
vacant
Multi-Use Space divide space for programs
occupied
Time
Space
G.H.O.S.T. x Function
occupied
occupied occupied
occupied
occupied occupied occupied
GHOST space will fit with programs
Time
Generally, while architects are designing their buildings, the function of a space is usually designed for a single purpose. On one hand, it is good to make the space much useful with the program, but sometimes, the space becomes so specific that it could not cope with other functions. Multi-functional space could be another choice to make space much more useful. Nevertheless, neitheir way cannot escape the fact that buildings we built normally exist in the city for a long period, and not all of them are always being used. Thus, as far as I am concerned, I suggest that there should be another concept to develope the space. G.H.O.S.T. is a new system which is capable of adapt to any programs and vanish when the programs are no longer nedded.
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G.H.O.S.T. x Concept With regard to the above-mentioned argument, my thesis design aimed at developing a system with three capacities to deal with the problem we were facing. Those abilities are :
After several researches, the development started with this single unit which constitutes the system which was able to achieve those three capacities.
1. be able to compact itself to a tranportable scale
Basically, this single unit is composed of foldable panels; thus, the transformation of the system depends on those. As a result, it is essential to analyze this unit thoroughly, and it can be divided into three aspects to describe its characteristics :
2. be able to increase its capacity
1. direction while system is folded, it reveals a significant direction 2. volume its transformation also creates different volume
3. be able to optimize itself to fulfill the event
3. angle creates the capacities of optimization Despite the fact that the ability of one unit is limited, gathering all together could make a striking range of transformation.
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G.H.O.S.T. x Prototype As showed below, a basic unit is consisted with six connecting points and eight arms.
ARM CONNECTING POINT
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Analysis x Ranges The diagram below gives a detailed breakdown of action ranges of a single side of a unit, which provides a reference of possible formations when units connected together.
180°
0°
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0°
-45°
90°
135째
90째
45째
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Analysis x Volume The occupation of space from a unit can be various within the transforming process. Moreover, the quantity can be extreme contrast when numbers of units connected together, which is indicated aside.
b a
Analysis x Ratio Given below are line graphs illustrating different proportions in seven processes of changing with regard to three types of units which are varied from the ratio between the length of an arm and a connecting point.
a : b
1:5
11
10
10
10
08
08
08
06
06
06
04
04
04
02
02
02
00
00
00
1:3
1:1
Length
Area
Volume
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Study Models To understand the possibilities of the system thoroughly, the best way to do is to study through physical models. Given are selected works.
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Module The standard module is consist of two scales of unit. As figure 1. indicated, the large one is used to construct the frame of space, while the small one is used to create platforms for users. Figure 2. illustrated the process and movement of the small units which are not limited in the large unit.
figure 1.
figure 3.
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figure 2.
Laser Cut Model
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Programs To test this system, scenario is required, I suggested two type of programs to perform the GHOST. While one is offering a snowboarding field to fulfill the need of Winter Olympic Games, the other one is to provide basic accommodations for spectators when large event is take place. The transformation of this system is based on an idea of bottom up collabroation originated from swarm intelligence, every unit of this system contents its own calculator, and used to coordinate with the rest. It is expected that GHOST will optimize itself to achieve the needs of user.
Transforming Process
Mode for Accommodation
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Mode for Snowboarding
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Mode for Accommodation
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Plan ( +4m)
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Section
0 1
5
10 m
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Mode for Snowboarding
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Plan ( +30m)
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Section
0 1
5
10 m
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Digital Fabrication The basic idea to generate an adjustable simulation of the system in the Grasshopper is to use a surface to control it. Evaluating the surface to get anchor points which can define the units’ position. While scale up or down the surface in the Rhino, the distances between each anchor points will be used to modifiy the form of the units.
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1
3
Z
SS (Side Square) R (Rectangle) TS (Top Square)
x
5
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
XY
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
Evaluate the ratio between the length of Z axis and that of X(Y) axis.
2
Calculate the central point of SS
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x x
6
x x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Use known X and Y vectors to evaluate the Z vector by cross product
x x
x
x x
x
x x x
x
x x
x
x x x
x
x
x
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Divide the surface into points
Evaluate the vectors of X and Y axis
Generate central points of each square
x
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9
x x
x x
x
x x x xx x x x
x
x
x
x xx x x x
x
x x
x xx x x
x xx x x
Using each central point to evaluate the corner points of each square
8 x
x x x
x x x
xx x
x
x x x
x xx
These boxes will be references to input detail models made outside the grasshopper
In this step, the prototype is accomplished
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x
xxx x x x xx x xx x
x
11
x
12
x xx
x
x
Using known points to finish every rectangle
Using known surface to create boxes
Accomplished
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Efficient City Proto Architecture
Project Time : 02/2011 - 06/2011 Advisor : Shin-Yuan Wang Collaboration : Kuan-Ting Lai, Tung-Yu Chou, Chi-Peng Chao
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For centuries, people living in urban area have benefited from the city which provides diverse opportunities to enrich people’s life. We, as citizens, need housing for living, works for money, trades for daily supplies, education for growth and a system to organize all of these. Our urban planners might organize the city well, but not the society, which cause a lot of issues to be solve, for instance, general public take countless time to travel around the city from a place to another place, leading to the issue of traffic. In order to take out these issues, the government trigers more constructions of transportation, but it is a problem will never end. Instead of the method of adding, is there any way better to discuss with these issues?
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Definition of Efficient City
Scripting
Efficient City, the network of this city is connected directly and efficently, to be clear, for instance, where a person lives and where he works are located in the vicinity, and as a result, this man would not have to spend a lot of time travelling around the city. The comparmison of two kind of situation is illustrated below. In this project, what we tried was to explore the relation between different functions of a city and reorder it into a efficiently collaborative city or community.
In the begining, we defined six prototype of significant functions of a typical city, as given above, housing representing the residents of a city that domain the major activity and reltionship of the rest of those functions.the Government will be place first at central of area, following by creating population(Housing) in to the area. The next step is to provide work opportunity for those resident, installing in between the Housings in order to shorten the time to commute. Then, school will be scattered separately and scaled by the population around it. Open space also take into account as to increase the quality of living. Finally, economic activity shoud be inset into the city to support the operation of the city. To make Commerce feasible, occupying the highly dense place is indispensible.
network of cities nowadays
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network of efficinet city
Overall, this project was a prototypy which provide a basic platform in discussing the relationship in a city, yet still way to far to practice it in reality.
Cross References & Processes
Definitions of Relation & Quantities
Define various functions of a city.
Government
Housing
Office
Education
OpenSpace
Commerce
R
- locating at central point
Q
- one - scaled by population
R
- scattered on the site - Government as the center
Q
- input population
R
- shortest distence
Q
- 3/5 of total population - scaled by residents in vicinity
R
- shortest distence
Q
- 1/5 of total population - scaled by residents in vicinity
R
- shortest distence
Q
- 1/2 of total population
R
- ground floor of Housing or Office
Q
- 1/5 of Building’s scale
- scaled by settings
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Low Population Density x Low Building Density Population High Density
Low Density
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Buildings
Total Population : 1137 Workforce : 427 Student : 222 Residential Building : 100 Office Building : 39 Education Building : 9 Open Space : 15 Commercial Scale : 25
Low Population Density x High Building Density Population High Density
Low Density
Buildings
Total Population : 403 Workforce : 125 Student : 166 Residential Building : 100 Office Building : 35 Education Building : 9 Open Space : 6 Commercial Scale : 0
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High Population Density x Low Building Density Population High Density
Low Density
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Buildings
Total Population : 2048 Workforce : 784 Student : 413 Residential Building : 100 Office Building : 39 Education Building : 17 Open Space : 22 Commercial Scale : 103
High Population Density x High Building Density Population High Density
Low Density
Buildings
Total Population : 917 Workforce : 332 Student : 175 Residential Building : 100 Office Building : 37 Education Building : 8 Open Space : 13 Commercial Scale : 10
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Overhanging Experiment
AGD Workshop - ARM Additive Robotic Materialization
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Project Time : 08/2013 Advisor : [uto] Ursula Frick | Thomas Grabner, Shin Yuan-Wang, Tsung-Hsien Wang Category : Workshop Collaboration : Kuan-Ting Lai, Hsiao-Wei Cheng, Po-Yuan Cheng, Yu June Di
Within the ten-day workshop, it was quite a challenge to understand the materiality of sodium acetate and use it to create a form. After few tests of the material, it showed an unpredictable and fragile characteristic which turned out to be most difficult to form a striking overhang. We soon decided to solely use this material to create several archs with extreme long spans. Again, it is almost impossible to generate a long-span arch with single and linear pillar. Our solution to this challenge was to design a multi-pillar arc using various length of arcs sorted from short(inside) to long(outside). Each arc overlaped on the other, and only the outer one will form an arch. The rest of arcs will remain as support materials. Despite the fact that our first prototype did not successfully form any arch, but it still showed a great feasibility of producing strike-overhanged structure. With this method, our idea were honored to be selected to attend second phase of large-scale work which showed aside.
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Overhang x Support
Path Division & Order x Time for Dry Out
As using single pillar to overhang a long distance is nearly impossible, we adopted the way of using supports which are arc-shaped that makes the form still breathtaking.
The material is crystallized from liquid sodium acetate, so it needs time to dry out so as to strengthen the structure. Order is also an important factor that involved in the whole process. Unlike 3D printing, which is a two-dimensional route in one layer, sodium acetate dripping involves three dimensions movement. The result may be out of control if the order is not sensible. As the diagram displayed, the numbers indicated the order that robotic arm has to follow, and that will ensure the outcome is correct,
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13 12
10 11
9 5 6 1 2
7 8 3 4
8 7 1 2
6 5 3 4
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figure 1.
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figure 2.
Dripping Velocity x Moving Velocity x Moving Path There are different ways to control the shape of accumulated model. The three major factors are sodium acetate dripping velocity and robotic arm moving path and velocity. Under the same speed and path of a robotic arm, the first figure illustrated that the variation of dripping velocity controls the result which might differ from the shape showed on the computer screen. The slow dripping speed will turn out to be lower than expectation, as the material uses less than required. Figure 2 makes a comparison between straight path and arc path. Both can reach the same outcome with the control of dripping speed. On the left diagram, the dripping equipment moves horizontally from right to left, while the dripping speed gets slower. It is reasonable that the bottom of arc-shaped pillar needs more substance to go up than that of the top. figure 3.
The third diagram indicating the different kinds of product that detered by moving speed. With the same dripping velocity and moving route, the left one started from slow to fast that made an arc pillar, whereas the right one that moved constantly formed a inclined pillar.
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Dripping Process
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Cubes
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Project Time : 03/2008 Advisor : Zsumin Kuo
The Cubes Project was a design that we have to make twelve 10cm3 cubes by using 1mm thick cardboard. The point is that each cube shoud be connected by the mortise and tenon joint which should be designed in a module of 2cm3 cell and every cube should not be the same.
10 centimeter
2 centimeter
2 cm as a standard interval to develope the design.
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Rules In this project, shape “ L ” was chosen as the core concept to form the tenon and mortise. The fascinating part is that when the tenon of cube A joins to the mortise of cube B, and cube C which will join to cube B will seal the chink of cube A and cubeB. That makes you won’t see any clue from the appearance when you try to disconnect them. The shape “ L ” also provides a tough conection to each cube as a hook.
cubeC cubeC
cubeA
cubeA
cubeA cubeB
cubeB
cubeB
the cube is movable chink between A&B is appeared
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cubeA cubeB
the cube is stuck chink between A&B is sealed by C
Combining Process
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Warpped House Social Space
Project Time : 12/2008 - 01/2009 Advisor : Chung-Yei Sheng Category : Housing
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Warpped house is a project that has to develope a housing scale space for a couple. Basicly, the idea of this design is to concretize the timeline of each member in this house into two belts warpping and forming the space. Accroding to the two users’ habit, the space is separated into two different circulations. Some part of the timeline will overlap in space, due to the fact that there is still some part of life they have to live together, but some part of that does not.
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Belt A
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Belt B
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Perspective Section
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+100
+330 UP
UP
UP
+305
+305
+20
+0
+260
DN
1F PLAN
2F PLAN 0
1
2
5 (m)
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ĂŚther
X_Site Landscape Installation Scheme Competition Project Time : 08/2013 - 12/2013 Collaboration : Kuan-Ting Lai, Yi-Chang Tsai, Yu-Hua Chung, Yu-Shan Wei, Chen-An Li, Sin-Huei Huang
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This project aimed at developing a tmeporary pavilion with an interactive and dynamic installation which can also define division of space. The approach to achieve that is to use numbers of controllable helium balloons combined with mechanicl system so as to move itself and response to human reactions. Helium provides the balloon with floating ability, and make sure that the wheel of mechanical system on the top of a balloon can move on a ceiling. The bottom part of a balloon is equiped with a control system which sense human actions and respones by moving or descending. The major challenge of this project is to ensure that the tube-like balloon can stand vertically, and it is important to control the weight distribution very precisely as any imbalance will triger the balloon to incline.
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aerocraft
Prototype As the given diagram indicated, a basic prototype consists of helium balloon, aerocraft and control system. An aerocraft is equipped with a pair of wheels, support points and a brushless motor. When a helium balloon pushes the aerocraft to a ceilling, the wheels of the aerocraft are able to move the whole unit. While the control system of a helium balloon senses human actions, the fan of the aerocraft will start and push the balloon toward ground.
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helium balloon
control system
Thrust_P
Weight_A
Weight Control
Thrust_P
The critical part of this project was how to use weight control to make a floating tube act at lowest cost. Firstly, as the aerocraft should be always on the top of the balloon, the control system should be heavier than that. Secondly, the whole unit must be as light as possible, and the usage of helium which remains the unit floating will be decreased. Finally, the aerocraft gives a thrust to push the balloon down, but this strength should be larger than buoyancy.
Weight_B Weight_A Weight_B Buoyancy _He Weight_C
2
He Helium 4.0026
helium -density : 0.1786 g/L -buoyancy(air): 1.114 g/L
Buoyancy_He
Weight_C
Weight_C > Weight_A Buoyancy of He > Weight _A+B+C Buoyancy of He < Weight_A+B+C + Thrust_P
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Perspective
Support Point
Fan
Wheel
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Three-view Drawing
Model
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Interactive Schemes
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Balloons respone to human nearby by
Balloons will evade when people approach.
descending itself.
A track can be seen after a while.
All the balloons will move to the border,
All the balloons will gather on one side,
and leave central area clean.
allowing activities.
Set up
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Test
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Pavillion for Floating Tubes
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Plan
Sections
13 m 10 m
Section AA’ (with balloons)
13 m
10 m
A’
A
0
1
2
5m
Section AA’
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Inflatability x Tensegrity Ongoing Research
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My recent research plan involves inflatability, tensegrity and materiality which have involved in projects that I have researched or participated before. Prior to introduce the new idea, two relevant projects will be briefly presented first.
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Project 1 : Inflatable Cloud Project Time : 12/2013 Play Together Exhibition 12/2013 Collaboration : Kuan-Ting Lai, Yi-Chang Tsai, Yu-Hua Chung, Yu-Shan Wei, Chen-An Li, Sin-Huei Huang
In comparison to the project Aether, this case adopted the idea that using inflatable tubes to define the space and interact with people, The inflatable tube is equiped with a air blower which gives this prototype the ability to inflate itselt. Within the initial research of this case, the unit is not only workable by fixing on the wall but also feasible to stand up by itself which is a very potentail ability for a further development. For instance, as the inflated tube is quite rigid, an array of stood tubes is possible to deflate some of thoes tubes and remain stood; thus, a track passing through the array can be created by deflating tubes randomly.
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Air Blower Air Container (buffer zone)
Inflatable Tube
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Project 2 : Tensegrity
Project Time : 06/2011 - 09/2011
My research in tensegrity initiated in 2011 as a pre-thesis design. It involved using sticks to turn soft materials into a self-supportable composite material. The variables of those experiments showed aside involve different kind of sticksâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; pattern and three types of soft material which are Lycra Fabrics (stretchable in any direction), elastic bandages (stretchable in one direction) and inflexible plastics.
Patterns 1
2
3
4
5
6
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With the same pattern of sticks, the first type using Lycra Fabrics as base material turned out to be rather plastic and structural, while third one using plastics revealed the toughest structural behavior in comparison to others. Different kinds of sticks pattern also contribute to various formations. Within the tested patterns, the third one can generate structural behavior in any direction as any straight line will cut through sticks. If a straight line goes through without intersecting with any sticks(the left one below), it means that the composite material remains soft along the line.
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Lycra Fabrics
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Elastic Bandages
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Inflexible Plastics
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Lycra Fabrics After introduction of three cases, the start-up project is an innovative idea of combining inflatability and tensegrity. Both elements are not new within the architectural area, but the combination of inflatability and tensegrity is definitely worth a discussion. This project aims at developing a light-weight, compactible, interactable and transformable pavilion. Inflatability can be soft, structural and compact, on the other hand, tensegrity uses minimum material to form a structure. Basically, we need both compressed members and tensioned members to build a tensegrity model. What I suggest is that replacing the compression members with inflatabe tubes, and that will provide an alternative way to re-think tensegrity structures. Despite the fact that inflatable tubes are not as rigid as metal sticks, it is undeniable that with the given inflatability, tensegrity models will have the possibility in transformation between inflated and deflated and have interact abilities. Finally, what learned from the first project was how to use material to minimize the involvement of mechanical system and maximize the self-organized behavior of materials. For instance, using different gas to fill inflatable tubes could be an opportunity to control the system with the variation of tubes. Or, is it possible to use temperature to manipulate the movement or behavior of any tubes? Anyway, as it is a start-up research, there are still many experiments to do.
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Some tubes are inflated
All tubes are inflated and formed
Some tubes are deflated
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Additional Videos
Efficient City Processing Studio
Given are videos that I made before. In addition, the contents and materials in the videos were collaboration. Most videos were introduced before.
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06/2011
ReArchiTeris Promotion Video for Graduation Exhibition 2012
06/2012
P3 Tower Steel Tower Design Competition
03/2013
ĂŚther Landscape Installation Scheme Competition
12/2013
Inflatable Clouds
12/2013
Play Together Exhibition
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