Contents_ Section One: Project Introduction 4_ 5_ 6_ 7_ 8_ 9_ 10_ Environmental Influences 11_ 12_ 13_ 14_ 15_ 16_ Section Two: Integrated Technology 18_ 20_ 22_ 21_ 22_ 23_ 24_ 25_ 26_
Section Three: Professional Practice
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Unit Brief Response to Brief Site Map The Site Site Photos Site Analysis and Context Conceptual Strategies Geology Flooding Wind Conditions Temperatures Site Pollutions Animal and Plant Habitation
Geology Lab Case Study Geology Museum Case Study Schedule of Accommodation
Project Introduction
Section One:
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Unit Brief_
Site Constraints And Mobile Horizons_
“Imagine our colossal landfills in the UK as sensible resource sheds to build our future urban space, where eventually the future of architecture and design can make no distinction between waste and supply.� The world we know today is changing due to the reliance on fossil fuels and irreplaceable materials, with this comes global warming, increased geological activity and endangering weather conditions. Future architectural projects will require us to craft our living environments from the ground in which our buildings sit. Materials will have to be exhumed from the ground to construct unique styles of design as nature shaped the terrain that we rest upon. We need to develop a building that can allow visitors to experience the future of our planet in hope to raise awareness of the dangers we are facing.
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_Response To Brief
_Design for the Future
Designing for the future is the key focus within Unit 7. To overcome the global issue of urban compression, colossal landfills and challenging environments by changing the way we design the future. To approach this brief I have focused on designing an experimental center for testing new styles of architecture that can over come what we may have to face in the future with increased geological shifts. This site is one of three that can be occupied by many people who wish to experience the future by manipulating time scales. The brief focuses on constructing a new positive architecture from the negative geography, by sculpting components of a building from sections of the geology or waste that has been filled into the ground. It is important to construct a program and design through layering different levels of information together, the brief states that it is important to consider the geology through out to maximize the design within the context.
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Site Map_
River Thames
Industrial Yard
River Darrent Flood Barrier
MotorCross Racing
Oil Refinery
Site Location/ Fault Line Clay Pigeon Shooting Range
Wells Fireworks
(Abandoned)
Orchard Military Hospital
(Abandoned)
Power Station
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Building Developments
_The Site
Thames Estuary
Public Pathway
River Bank
Natural Drainage
Site Access Road
North
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Site Photos_ Site Photos_
Power Station: 82m Tower Steam Released 24 hours a day
A
B
C
Array of drainage rivers
Design Challenges: • Incoming wind from river carries salt and moisture lowering life expectancy of untreated materials • Increased protection on the East side with prolong life expectancy • Local drainage needs to be controlled to direct water away from the building • Public pathway needs to remain open and so construction and design need to consider this for access.
Public Pathway A
B
C
Typical Building state: Timber Frame, Steel Cladding, Felt Roof Average lifetime: 20-30 Years before failure 8
• The main fault line the slices through Dartford allows for a unique area to expose the two different levels of geology. • By exposing these different layers we can educate better than any other geological museum currently in existence that locks away and removes any context of rocks. • The rock face on in the fault line would allow for a climbing center that can increase funding for the project. • Because of the large excavations needed this projects presents for a 10+ year project that will continually be developed and expanded.
_Site Analysis & Initial Concept
Fault Lines
Site Plan 1:10000
Site Section Through Fault Line 1:200
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Conceptual Strategies_
Design Challenges: • Cavern Excavations on site need to be over a controlled time frame allowing public access to parts during construction to produce an income for the remaining build. • All of the different layers of geology need to be exposed and made accessible to all. • Clean interior rooms need to be built to host sensitive geological research tools that have access to the open layers. • Lower Chalk needs to be protected from contamination and the excavation needs protection from filling with water from the chalk. • Minor geological shifts on the fault line could affect building stability.
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Design Strategies: • Using the spoils excavated as the main building materials for the majority of the structure including soil, clay and rock • Using the existing forms of naturally recurring elements to design the man made elements. • Casting, Sculpting and recycling geological materials • The building must produce its own utilities including water and power so that it has a zero carbon impact on the terrain • It must be an ecological container that is self sustaining through construction and use.
_Site Geology
The Thanes River Bank is listed as 'Made Ground' which is an artificial deposit made humans as a flood defense for the marsh land, the material used has a variable composition including some hardcore and large local stone and chalk. They have an age rand listed as Holocene Epoch (QH) which is less than 12,000 years old, also considered as created within the most recent ice age.
Geological Composition (Bore hole Records): Thames Water Alluvial Mud Gravel Ballast Upper Chalk Soil Grey Chalk Gravel Ballast Lower Chalk
2.2 Prehistoric 2.2.1 Evidence for activity in the area during the prehistoric period is limited to two finds of Palaeolithic hand axes a pit dating to the late Bronze age or Early Iron Age and an Iron Age urn . 2.3 Roman (AD43- AD409) 2.3.1 Roman activity in the area has been found in the form of burials and pottery, coins and a coin mould of Roman date. Settlement and buildings and a road of Roman date have also been recorded within the area. 2.4 Early medieval (AD 410-AD1065) 2.4.1 An early medieval cemetery and buildings have been identified within the area. 2.5 Medieval (AD1066-1539) 2.5.1 During the medieval period the town developed with the construction of a Dominican priory, the wall of which lies within the site, a leper hospital , trackway, walls , boundary ditch and numerous houses. 2.6 Post-medieval (AD1540 – Present) 2.6.1 During the post-medieval period the town expanded with development of multiple industrial buildings in the area and the development of wharves for transportation of goods along the waterways. From ASE Report No: 2011111 Archaeology South-East
+6.7-0 Made Ground 0-7.62 Alluvial Mud 7.62-12.5 Gravel 12.5-14.00 Ballast 14.4-15.85 Blowing Sand 15.85-16.2 Flint 16.2-21.03 Grey Chalk 21.03-36.57 Chalk with Flint 36.57+ End of Sample
Design Challenges: • Archaeological interests must be considered as there is potential for more historical finds to be found. • Each layer requires a different method for digging and retaining • Lower chalk by law can be dug into but must be protected to prevent contamination .
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Flooding_
Environmental Influences
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The proposal will situate itself within the river bank of the Thames and so the building will have to react to rising sea levels in order to protect Dartford from flooding. The peak of the bank sits at 7m above sea level for added protection.
_Wind Conditions Environmental Influences
metoffice.gov.uk
Dartford along with the south east Is fairly sheltered from higher wind speeds by western and northern Britain. The wind is generated from deep areas of low pressure and is greater over the winter months. Design Challenges: • Off-shore winds come up the river from the sea and bring an extra wind chill • The majority of gusts come from the East or the west
Wind: http://www.xcweather.co.uk/
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Temperatures_
Environmental Influences
Dartford is a stretch of wide open land and so there is little escape from the sun.This also means that in its current state there is very little thermal mass to retain heat making it cooler at night.
Design Challenges: • As the site overlooks the bland Dartford marshes the sun can access the building from very low angles, maximizing the solar gain
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_Site Pollutions
Environmental Influences
The Local Plan Review has incorporated air quality impacts of new developments through the following policies (as per First Deposit Draft, Spring 2000): NR10 Air Quality: Minimization of Pollutants Development proposals will only be permitted where they are sited and designed to minimize the emission of air pollutants and the impact of air pollutants on the local environment. NR11 Air Impact Assessments Development proposals that give rise to a potentially polluting activity, including the emission of dust, will only be permitted where they are accompanied by an assessment of the potential impact of the proposal on local air quality arising either from the operational characteristics of the development or the traffic generated by it. NR12 Development in Air Quality Management Areas Development within an Air Quality Management Area will only be permitted if it can be demonstrated that the resulting long-term air quality situation will be satisfactory, and that short and medium term impacts can be minimized to an acceptable level. The Local Plan Review also contains policies that seek to promote renewable energy sources, and energy efficiency in buildings and building layouts (NR22, NR23). Local Air Quality Management Action Plan for the Borough of Dartford (2002)
In 1998 a new law was posed to improve air quality in dartford. After tests around different area’s the government found that there were abnormally high levels of Nitrogen Dioxide and PM10 from road traffic and also Benzene, 1,3. Butadiene, carbon monoxide, lead and sulphur dioxide from the power station and other sources. To ensure these products were brought back to normal levels many different plans were brought into effect, including in 2002 a Land-Use Planning law stated that any future developments must aim to help towards minimizing the impact of these gases, by utilizing public transport systems and better building design.
Design Challenges: • The building must be able to clean all of the waste it produces so that nothing toxic is released into the air or water.
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Integrated Technology
Section Two:
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Geology Research Laboratory
Design Considerations: • Most Labs require high amperage 3-phase power supplies • Every room has 110-volt power lines surrounding the room, to safely connect mobile apparatus • The plant room has to be 25% of the lab size • Every lab needs to be kept at an exact temperature • Public must be kept away from Labs • The Wet Lab requires the highest security and safety
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Geology Research Laboratory
(U-TH)/He Laboratory (Part of the Jackson School of Geosciences)
Rooms: Central Corridor Plant Room (Air conditioning, Power conditioners, Air Filtration) Plant Control Room He Mass Spectrometry Lab ICP Lab (Inductively Coupled Plasma) Wet Lab Purpose of the Laboratory: To give access to graduate’s to use advanced technologies in mass spectrometry which is a technology allowing us to depict the exact composition of materials found within the earth Funding for construction: Financed through start-up funds by the Jackson School of Geosciences and the State of Texas Stars program
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_Geology Museum
Design Considerations: • A fully open area brings everyone in so they can see the main hall inviting people in. • For security reasons they control access to all exhibitions • A service corridor surrounds all the rooms to allow staff access to all areas • A large storage area is used to keep all items that aren’t on show with labs to prepare and study them, although there is no specialist technology in the labs.
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_Geology Museum Requirements
The geology Museum: (Part of The Natural History Museum)
Rooms: Galleries Library Lecture Theatre Laboratories Offices Purpose of the Museum: “To exhibit the rocks minerals, and organic remains, illlustrating the maps and sections of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom: also to exemplify the applications of the Mineral productions of these Islands to the uses of purposes of use and ornament� Funding in 1834 for construction: Crowd Sourced, in the form of donations.
nhm.ac.uk/visit-us/history-architecture/geological-museum
www.nhm.ac.uk
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Schedule of Accommodation_
Laboratories 500m2
Entrance/Reception area:200m2 Exhibition Space: 1600m2
Staff Area 100m2
Class Room: 300m2 Laboratories: 500m2 Climbing Area: 300m2 Staff Facilities: 100m2
Entrance 200m2
Exhibition Space 1600m2
Total: 3000m2
Class Rooms 300m2
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Climbing Wall/Changing 300m2
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Initial Sketches_
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_Initial Section Stage one design
Separated into three zones, a control zone at the entrance with shock absorbing platforms for zero movement. A vibration zone, that amplifies all geological movement. A calibration zone on the jetty that allows movement but in a controlled motion.
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Granite Extraction_
Process for extracting Granite: 1_ Insert Steel Pillions around granite rock 2_ Excavate around rock in layers at half meter steps 3_ Create a cage to support the rock and transfer weight to steel supports 4_excavate remaining earth
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_Fault Line The Fault line was formed over 10,000 years ago and has sat dormant since, by digging down into the loose earth that has filled the gap we can expose many layers of history that is the best way of teaching people about geology.
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Construction Stages_
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Arrive on site with a Contractor and Civil Engineer to start excavating a primary area, portable site cabins will be placed on site.
The first cavern can be dug to a 10m depth, Geologists and Civil Engineers can study the spoil to ensure it is suitable to be used in creating rammed earth walls, while the Architect can design the entrance structure according to the malleability of the spoil.
Builders can construct the main entrance building to use as a temporary site office, the portable cabins can be sent off saving money.
The second cavern can then be dug up and more buildings and walls made using the rammed earth.
While digging the third cavern other sub contractors can be brought in including landscape architects and mechanical and electrical engineers can be brought in to start designing services and human circulation
Finally the remaining earth can be pulled out and all circulation routes installed.v
Construction Stages_
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Rammed Earth Walls_ Building an Earth Wall All of the buildings on the site will be passive buildings, and will be built mainly from the left over soil and stone in the cavern.
Dual Layer Insulated Earth Wall 100mm Insulation
Wooden Shutters
Therefore all the walls will be built from compacted soil with a layer of insulation, making them extremely efficient. Rammed Earth Walls Building regulations Pass: Part A Structure Load Bearing Part B Fire 300mm = 90 Minutes Part C Moisture resistance Part E Sound Dampening Part L Conservation of Power
Steel Reinforcing bars
2 300mm Reinforced walls
Damp Earth
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modernsustainable.blogspot.com
Finishing Geometries
1.Open Space Office 2.architect Oleg Boreyko. 3.salvador dali museum 4.bozemanboulders
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Showing Geological Shifts_
Resonating Rods in Harmony
Deep underground the earth shifts a few millimeters every year in the UK, It is possible to show this movement through resonance. Tiny steel rods can be inserted deep into the ground and the small movement can be enough to resonate the rod creating a unique sound. A system of these rods could create an installation exposing the hidden shifts.
Axonometric Section 1:200
The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933), Saturday 18 June 1910, page 4
lAHTHQUAIB SHOCKS. SEISMOGRAPH
RECORDS.
LONDON, Thursday. about Shocks 4000 of earthquake, at have been miles recorded distant, also in and Washington, England, Spain, and Italy. LONDON, FridayÂŤ The at St. Louis has! seismograph shocks of earthquake recorded lastfor 69 minutes, the oscillation ing west to east. being from recorded Observations in Italy the earthquake occuitrea suggest that in some part of the Pacific Follow cable earthquake sheels June 17. SYDNEY, The seismograph at the bvdney Observatory was opened to-day, and it waa
'
found sions
waves
the This
19,
such the
laigo dimenof very that a tremor had been recorded on Thursday.Ths were so large that they extended full width of the photographic band. since is_the first instance November 100b, here had which the waves in a The large amplitude of origin distuibance ivas about 2100 nules froDj>
Sydnej.
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^
The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933), Saturday 18 June 1910, page 4
Section 1:500
_Magnetic Resonance
Diagram: Visualizing Magnetic Resonance within the earth
Magnetic resonance is shifts in the magnetic field within the earth. The Greenwich Mean Time Clock uses quartz to react with the magnetic resonance. By inserting a probe into the earth it would be possible to make this visible to us.
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Granite Extraction_
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_Site Pollutions
Environmental Influences
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_Temperatures
Environmental Influences
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_Site Pollutions
Environmental Influences
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_Temperatures
Environmental Influences
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Section Three: Professional Practice
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_Client Brief
Client Brief: With our understanding of geology slowly dropping due to a lack of interest in the subject at schools in the UK, a government initiative has been launched to provide areas that can increase interest in geology in hope of more jobs in geological research being filled. The structure should have an entirely new approach to educating an audience ranging from school groups up to architects and construction engineers who may be testing adventurous idea’s. Funding: Crowd sourced funding Reason, The site will be open to the public to experience conditions 50 years into the future when sustainability is the key to overcoming the forces of nature as they increase with increased geological activity and mass urban compression.
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_Procurement NEC Contact!!!
Client J.C.T Traditional Contract
S.F.A Contract
Architect
Inspect
Contractor Sub Contract
Lead Consultant
Civil Engineer Structural Engineer
Sub Contract
Suppliers
Sub Consultants
Environmental Engineer Landscape Architect Cost Consultant M & E Consultant
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_Architect Role
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_Planning and Finance
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Stage One:
_Bibliography
Site Map Data: Digimaps Geological Bore-Hole Records: British Geology Survey Geological Historical Discoveries: Archaeology South-East site records
Stage Two:
Stage Three:
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