S. Shareef
Building and Environment 194 (2021) 10767
S. Shareef
Building and Environment 194 (2021) 107675 S. Shareef
Building and Environment 194 (2021) 107675
Master Planning Guidelines
Sustainability
C.7.
Sustainability is clearly the main issue due to high temperatures and scarcity of water. There are many papers and case studies that explore the utilisation of passivhaus strategies such as a varied urban morphology which one paper has found to have an average reduction of 0.5 degrees C in temperature. Another study looks at the traditional courtyard designs and the methods used such as ventilation from the front facade through to the courtyard to help cool down the buildings.
Quality of Life & Wellbeing
Base Model - 5 Stories
Other studies have looked at cooling down for human comfort on the streets. They have identified that 50% of existing streets in the Al Ras area of Dubai have the potential to be improved with canopies & trees for shading to reduce temperature from 5 to 8 degrees C. These additions can also aid in reducing desert dust and improving permeability. Dubai faces many climate issues, most coming from heat and lack of water due to high temperatures. In order to reduce temperatures a lot of artificial cooling is implemented which uses a lot of energy and water is imported. However, Dubai does have traditional passive measures to mitigate the temperatures which can be found in the local planning guidelines. These are some principles we will be following in our own designs which can be seen in. There are also methods in place for recycling grey water in order to order vegetation and aid to cool down the citiscapes. However, water collection systems can be put in place in order to collect water from the air. Plans for this are being put in place as the UAE has goals of making 6,700 Litres of Drinking water from air daily using Hyper-Dehumidifiers.
Environment & Nature
Flexibility & Adaptability
Shading
028
The orientation of the urban grid and building massing play a major role in creating spaces with pleasant microclimate and thermal comfort. By assessing the shadow casts in the area at different times of the day, the optimal location, orientation and massing of buildings can be identified.
C.7. Vegetation
Considering the prevailing wind direction and adopting an orientation to optimize the wind capture will support the implementation of a passive cooling system within the master plan. Such systems will support creating pleasant and liveable spaces while reducing the Quality of Life & Wellbeing potential water and energy consumption and associated costs.
Shading Canopy
to provide shade The orientation of the urban gridBuilding and cantilever building massing play a major role in creating spaces with pleasant microclimate and thermal comfort. By assessing the shadow casts in the area at different times of the day, the optimal location, orientation and massing of buildings can be identified.
Considering the provision of other shading features to the building façade design can also improve the Reorganize so open space Considering the prevailing wind direction and adopting quality of open spaces. For instance, façade design that is facing Northern side No shading Shows 0.5 degrees C average supports the shading of pedestrian paths, by integrating an orientation to optimize the wind capture will support Environment Figure C.8: Placement of buildings and elements to elements such building overhang, attached canopies, Viability & cooling compared toasBase Model & Nature the implementation of a passive cooling system within maximize shading Robustness or even colonnades will enhance the viability and utilization of the space. the master plan. Such systems will support creating
Vegetation
Attached canopy shading
Iteration 1 (7:3:3:7) Stories along Y axis
Shows 0.5 degrees C average cooling
Efficient Use of Resources
Flexibility & Adaptability
Shows 0.44 degrees C average cooling compared to Base Model Figure C.6: Urban grid in line with wind direction
Viability & Robustness
Figure C.7:
pleasant and liveable spaces while reducing the potential water and energy consumption and associated costs.
Considering the provision of other shading features to the building façade design can also improve the quality of open spaces. For instance, façade design that supports the shading of pedestrian paths, by integrating elements such as building overhang, attached canopies, or even colonnades will enhanceNothe viability and shading Massing in line with wind direction utilization of the space.
Reorganize so open space is facing Northern side
Figure C.8: Placement of b maximize shading
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Iteration 2 (7:3:3:7) Stories along X axis
Shows 0.5 degrees C average cooling Efficient Use
of Resources Fig. 4. The isometric view of the base case and the developed configurations of the two groups.
URBD7019: Urban Design in Challenging Contexts
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validation consists of 206 semi-attached villas, the villas are designed in 2.3.2.2. Data collection for the validation process. One villa in Dubai/ three types according to bedroom number: two, three, and four (Fig. 8). UAE was selected for the IES-VE software validation. The indoor air Shows 0.47 degrees C average temperature of the villa for one day and 12 h of data is evaluated against cooling compared to Base Model the values obtained from modelling the villa using the IES-VE and 2.3.2.1. The measurement tool. The tool that is used for air temperature running the simulation process for the indoor thermal performance. The measurements is the 4-in-1 Environmental Meter-model 45170. This initial condition set for running the software covers, thermal, and conIteration 3 (7:5:3:3:5:7) Stories X axis point. The parametool allows measuring four parameters at along a specific Shows 0.5 degrees C average cooling struction files. The thermal file contains the internal gain including ters that can be measured using this tool cover: Air Temperature, Figure C.6: Urban grid in line with wind direction occupant and lighting gain, while the construction file contains the Relative Humidity, Airflow, and light level. The tool is an ergonomic material used in the villa envelope. The simulation has been run for one pocket size housing, with an LCD simultaneous display of weather data day, the 3rd of February 2018. However, no indoor air conditioning (Fig. 9). Furthermore, the tool allows to hold the displayed value and system was used during the measurements day. The highest variation records the Min/Max readings. The range of the measured air temperbetween the measured data and simulation results observed is 3.3%. ature by this device is varied between 0 ◦ C and 50 ◦ C, while it can Hence, the validity of the software is acceptable and the software is valid dedicate the wind velocity from 0.3 m/s up to 30 m/s. The accuracy of ◦ as the variation between the measured data and the simulated data is the device for air temperature and air velocity is ±3% and ±1.2 C less than 5% [53]. The data measurements started at 6:00 a.m. and respectively. In this study, the data collected for the software validation continues for 18 h until 11:00 p.m. with a variation between the actual covers the air temperature over18 h between 6:00 a.m. 11:00 p.m. The and case simulated data. This variation is less in the afternoon when the Fig. data 4. The isometric view of and the developed configurations of the two groups. data was compared to the air temperature generated by IES-VE forthe base temperature degree was recorded, however, the highest highest air software validation.
Figure C.7: Massing in lin 160
Hybrid Dubai
