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Gydha;T Clfj; Jiwf;fhd ts E}y;;

Gydha;T Clfj; Jiwf;fhd ts E}y; ,uz;lhtJ gjpg;G - 2012 brk;gH

jpl;lkply; FO: jpU. yf;\;kd; FzNrfu> jpU. ehky; ngNuuh> jpU. rQ;rdh `j;Njhl;Lt> jpU.yre;j WFZNf> jpU. n[arpwp NgJW Muha;r;rp> jpU. uhFy; n`l;bahuha;r;rp> jpU. mry gl;lNf> jpU. kq;fsdj; ypadhuha;r;rp> jpU. mNrhf Nrdhuj;d> jpU. up. vk; [Dh; fpr;rpyd; kjpg;gply; FO: jpUkjp. \h;kpdp ngha;y;> jpUkjp. kdpf; nkd;b];> jpU. yre;j UFZNf> jpU. rp. njhl;ltj;j> jpU. fky; ypadhuha;r;rp gpuhe;jpa kjpg;gply; FOf;fs; tpNrl gq;fspg;Gf;fs; ,yj;jpudpay; jlaq;fs; mj;jpahaj;jpw;fhf> jpU. rQ;rdh `j;njhl;Lt> gjpg;ghrpupah; http://www.groundviews.org Ma;Tfspd; njhFg;gpw;fhf> jpU. yre;j UFZNf> nra;jp Mrpupah; uhta TISL ,d; Gydha;T gj;jpupifj;Jiw FO: hp. fiykfs; by;Wf;\p `e;Jd;nej;jp \hd; tp[aJq;f Mde;j jh;kg;gpupa [aNrfu `upj j`ehaf;f

ISBN: 978-955-1281-49-6

midj;Jk; gjpg;Gupikf;Fl;gl;lit. l;uhd;];gud;rp ,d;uh;e\dy; =yq;fhtpdJk; (TISL)> gpnul;wpr;; ,Ngl; ];upt;uq;fpdJk; (FES) vOj;J %ykhd Kd;dDkjpAlNdNa kPs;gjpT nra;ayhk;.

Gydha;T Clfj; Jiwf;fhd ts E}y;

nghUslf;fk; cs;slf;fk;

gf;fk;

Kd;Diu 1 ed;wpAiu 3 ,t;tsj;Jiz E}iy vt;thW gad;gLj;JtJ? 5

ghfk; xd;W mj;jpahak; xd;W: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;ly; : Vd; - vjw;fhf ?

8 mj;jpahak; ,uz;L: njhopy; jifik - xOf;f newp 16

ghfk; ,uz;L mj;jpahak; %d;W: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfs; gw;wpa rpy Nahridfs; 24 mj;jpahak; ehd;F: Nkk;ghl;Lld; nra;jpia epiyg;gLj;jy; 31 mj;jpahak; Ie;J: kdpj jfty; %yq;fs; 36 mj;jpahak; MW: gj;jphpif jlaq;fs; 47 mj;jpahak; VO: ,yj;jpudpay; jlaq;fs; 56 mj;jpahak; vl;L: nra;jpiaj; jahhpj;jy; 63 mj;jpahak; xd;gJ: Kuz;ghlhd Ngl;b 70 mj;jpahak; gj;J: nrk;ikg;gLj;jYk; jfty;fis rhpghHj;jYk; 76

ghfk; %d;W mj;jpahak; gjpndhd;W: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw nraw;jpl;lq;fis epHtfpj;jy; 82 mj;jpahak; gd;dpnud;L: ghJfhg;G 87

gpw;Nru;f;if 01 Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwapd; tiutpyf;fzq;fs; ii 02 Clfj;Jiwapd; gj;Jf;fl;lisfs; iii 03 Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;lYf;fhd VO mbg;gil tpjpKiwfs; iv 04 njhopy;rhH eilKiwf;fhd ,yq;if gj;jphpifahrphpaH

Fohj;jpd; xOf;ftpjpfs; vi 05 ClftpayhsHfspd; nraw;ghL Fwpj;j rHtNjr

ClftpayhsH rk;Nksdj;jpd; xOf;ftpjpfspd; gpufldk; xi 06 ,yq;if gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOTf;F

vt;thW Kiwg;ghnlhd;iwr; nra;tJ xiii 07 PCCSL Kiwg;ghl;L tpz;zg;gk; xix 08 cjLfis ,yFgLj;jy; xx 09 ru;tNjr nra;jpg;ghJfhg;G epWtdk; (INSI) xxvi

ClftpayhsUf;fhd ghJfhg;G tpjpKiwfs; 10 Resource List (ts gl;bay;> epWtdq;fspd; gl;bay;fs;) xxxiii 11 Related Web Sites (,izaj;jsq;fs;) xxxv 12 Bibliography (Jiz E}y;gl;bay;) xxxvii

Kd;Diu murhq;f epWtdq;fisr; NrHe;j Kg;gjpw;Fkjpfkhd mYtyHfshy; xU fpuhkj;Jf;fhd Nritfs; ,d;W Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. me;j mYtyHfs; vd;d nra;fpwhHfs;? mtHfspd; Nrit kf;fspd; Njitfis epiwT nra;fpd;wjh? ,JNghd;w mjpfkhd Nrit epWtdq;fs; mtrpakhdjh? ,jw;fhd NtW rpwe;j khw;Wj;jpl;lq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wdth? rHtNjr hPjpahf ngwg;gLfpd;w cjtpfs; Fwpj;J vLf;fg;gLfpd;w jPHkhdq;fshy; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifapy; Vw;gLfpd;w jhf;fq;fs; vg;gbapUf;Fk;? fhyhtjpahd my;yJ fhyhtjpahFk; jpdj;ij mz;kpj;jjhd czT kw;Wk; kUe;Jg;nghUl;fs; vt;thW tpahghu epiyaq;fspy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;f KbAk;? vd;git Nghd;w E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Nfl;fg;glhj kw;Wk; tpil fhzg;glhj tplaq;fs; Nfs;tpfSf;Fs; mlq;Ffpd;wd. ,e;epiyapy; murpay;> tHj;jf> r%f> fyhrhu cwTfisf; nfhz;Ls;s cyfg;gpd;dzpapy;> vJ rhp> vJ gpio> vJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glf;$baJ vJ Vw;fg;glKbahjJ Nghd;w tplaq;fs; ePjp> kw;Wk; chpikfs; mbg;gilapYk;> gfpuq;f fye;Jiuahly;fSlDk; njhlh;r;rpahf fhyj;Jf;Nfw;g tiuaiw nra;ag;gl Ntz;baitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. vdNt MNuhf;fpakhd tpkHrdq;fNshL $ba tpthjq;fs;> rpe;jidfs; vd;git ey;y juj;jpyhd epHthfk;> epahahjpf;fk; Nghd;wtw;iw Nehf;fp kf;fis topelj;Jgitahf mikAk;. vjpYk; gq;nfLf;fhj> Cf;fkw;w kf;fs; CoYld; $ba murhq;fq;fs; tsHr;rp ngWtjw;fhd ce;Jrf;jpahf ,Uf;fpd;wdH. xd;iwg;gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; MtYk; MHtKk; kf;fsplkpUe;J kbe;Jtpl;l epiyapy; khj;jpuNk ,j;jifa xU epiy Vw;gl KbAk;. kf;fs; eyd;fspy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; mk;rq;fs; rk;ge;jkhf fLik ahd ciog;Gld; Muha;e;J mwpaj;jUk; Mw;wyyhdJ njhopy; hPjpahd xOq;fikg;ghd Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwf;Nf cupaJ. Mjhuq;fSld; $ba nra;jp mwpf;ifaplYf;F fLk; ciog;Gld; $ba> Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;fjhd tplaq;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. mg;NghJjhd; ,t;tplaq;fs; cs;thq;fg;gl;L thrfh;fs; Neah;fs; MfpNahhpd; KbTf;F tplg;glKbAk;. ,j;jifa XH Cl;lrf;jpapd;wp [dehaf nraw;ghL tYtpoe;jjhfptpLk;. ,e;epiyapy;jhd; Clfj;Jiw %ykhd mZFKiwfs; kf;fSf;F mtHfsJ eyd;fisg;ghJfhf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; mwpt+l;LtdthfTk;> gf;fgykhfTk; ,Uf;Fk; tifapy; mike;jpUf;f KbAk;. ,jidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;Nl Aj;jj;Jf;Fg;gpd;duhd #o;epiyapy; [dehaf eilKiwfisg; gyg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; buhd;];ngud;]p ,d;lHe\dy; =yq;fh (TISL)> gpnul;wpr; <NgHl; ];bt;lq; =yq;fh (FES) Mfpad xd;wpize;J Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwia Cf;Ftpf;f Kd;te;Js;sd. buhd;];ngud;]p ,d;lH e\dy; =yq;fh kw;Wk; ngul;wpf; <NgHl; ];bt;lq; Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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=yq;fh Mfpad xd;wpize;J Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd nraw;jpl;lnkhd;iw 2011-2015 Mfpa fhyg;gFjpf;fSf;nfd tbtikj;J Coy; eltbf;iffis ntw;wpfukhf Kwpabf;Fk; gapw;rpj;jpl;lj;jpid Nkw;nfhs;s Kd;te;Js;sd.

Gydha;T nra;jpj;Jiw MNuhf;fpakhd fye;JiuahlYf;F toptFj;J juk; tha;e;j ey;yhl;rpf;F ,yq;ifapy; tha;g;gspf;Fk; mNjNtis ,t;tplak; njhlh;gpy; ,yq;if r%fq;fSf;fpilNa tpopg;Gzh;itAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;W FES epWtdk; vjph;ghh;fpd;wJ. ,f;$l;L Kaw;rpapd; ntw;wpnad;gJ> Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw rhHe;j gapw;rpj;jpl;lj;jpy; gapw;wg;gl;ltHfshy; Nrfhpf;fg;gLfpd;w jukhd nra;jpj;jfty;fspNyNa nghpJk; jq;fpAs;sJ. ,j;jukhd kw;Wk; Mf;fg+Htkhd gq;fspg;Ng Coy;> Nkhrbf;nfjpuhf midj;Jg; gpui[fisAk; xd;wpizj;Jg; gykila itg;gJld;> ey;y jukhd eph;thfj;Jf;Fk; topaikf;Fnkd Fwpg;gplKbAk;.

MNuhf;fpakhd Ntiyj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhfTk;> njhopy; hPjpahd tpkHrdj;NjhL $ba gpujpgyDld; njhopy; El;g xj;Jiog;ig ey;Fk;tpjj;jpy; XH Mf;fj;jpwid cUthf;f mzp ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. %d;W Kf;fpa Mf;fq;fshtd: (1) Gydha;Tr;nra;jpj;Jiwapd; tsj;Jiz E}y;.

(11) Gydha;Tr; nra;jp;j;Jiwapd; ifE}y;.

(111) gapw;Wtpg;ghsHfSf;fhd gapw;rp. ,tw;wpd;%yk; ClftpayhsHfSf;F Njitahd mwpTiufs; toq;;fg;gLtNjhL me;j mwpTiufis mtHfsJ njw;fhrpa rfhf;fSld; gfpHe;J jkJ cd;djkhd gzpia Kd;ndLf;f cjTtNj ,q;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vkJ ,e;j Mf;fq;fisg; gad;gLj;JNthiu ehk; tho;j;JtNjhL> thrfh;fsplkpUe;J ,J Fwpj;j MNuhf;fpakhd tpkHrdj;ijAk; vjpHfhyg;gjpg;Gf;fis NkYk; tsg;gLj;Jk; tiapy;; vjpHghHf;fpNwhk;. tp[a [ajpyf;f PhD N[hfpk; \;Yl;lH epHthf ,af;FeH> tjptplg;gpujpepjp> buhd;];ngud;]p ,d;lH e\dy;> gpnul;wpr; <NgHl; ];bt;lq;> =yq;fh. =yq;fh. [_iy 2011> nfhOk;G.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

ed;wpAiu ,yq;ifapy; Kjy;jlitahf Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw rhHe;j ,e;j tsj;Jiz E}y; ,yq;if ClftpayhsUf;fhf ntspaplg;gLfpwJ. ,yq;ifr; nra;jpahsHfs;> gj;jphpif MrphpaHfs;> 2011 Mk; Mz;L [dthp kw;Wk; Vg;uy; khjq;fspy; elj;jg;gl;l fUj;juq;Ffspy; gq;Fgw;wpapUe;jdH. ,tHfs; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw rk;ge;jkhd gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fis gfpHe;J nfhz;ldH. ,jd;%yk; ,t;tsj;Jiz E}y; ,Wjp tbtk; ngw;Ws;sJ. vdNt jkJ gq;fspg;ig toq;fpa ,yq;ifr; nra;jpahsHfs;> gj;jphpifahrphpaHfSf;F vdJ ed;wpiaj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;. jpUkjp \hkpdp ngha;y;> jpUkjp nkdpf;nkd;b];> jpUthsHfs;: yf;\;kd; FzNrfu> ehky; ngNuuh> [a= NgJWMuhr;rp> uhFy; n`l;bahuhr;rp> mNryh ngj;jNf> kq;fsehj; ypadhuhr;rp> ID}H fpr;rpyhd;> mNrhf;fh Nrdul;d MfpNahUf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpiaj; njhptpf;fpNwd;.

Mgphpf;fh> fk;Nghbah> kj;jpa fpof;F kw;Wk; ghy;fd; ehLfspy; Aj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dH mq;Fs;s r%fq;fisr; NrHe;j nra;jpahsHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;l jfty;fs;> tplaq;fis cs;slf;fpajhfTk; ,e;j Ehy; mike;Js;sJ. muhgpa nra;jpahsHfshy; jfty;fis ikakhff; nfhz;L Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwf;nfd jahuhd topfhl;b Ehy; kpfTk; gaDs;sjhf mike;jpUe;jij Rl;bf;fhl;lNtz;Lk;. ,j;jifa gjpg;Gfs; Gydha;Tj;Jiw nra;jpahsHfSf;F Jzpr;riyf; nfhLg;gNjhL XH ce;Jrf;jpahfTk; mike;Js;sd. http;//groundviews.org ];jhgfUk;> mjd; MrphpaUkhd jpU. rQ;[d `j;njhl;Lttpd; gq;fspg;Gf;Fk; ed;wp $Wfpd;Nwd;. mtH ,yj;jpudpay; Gydha;T rk;ge;jkhd RUf;fkhd xU tbtj;ij vjpHfhyg; ghtidf;nfdj; je;jpUe;jhH. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwj; jfty;fs; gw;wp ,yq;ifapy; fpilf;ff;$ba rpy tplaq;fisj; NjHe;njLj;Jje;jikf;fhf jpU. y]e;j UFzNfTf;Fk; tpNrl ed;wpiaj; njhptpf;fpNwd;. ,j;jpl;lj;Jf;F topfhl;baNjhL xj;Jiog;G ey;fpa ,yq;if buhd;];ngud;]p ,d;lH e\dy; (TISL) epHthf ,af;FeH fyhepjp tp[a [ajpyf;fTf;Fk; ghuhl;Ljy;fis njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;. mj;Jld; FOtpduhd nry;tp.up.fiykfs;> jpUthsu;fs;. \hd; tpN[Jq;f> Mde;j [aNrfu MfpNahUf;Fk; ed;wp $WfpNwd;.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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,t;tsj;Jiz E}ypd; vz;zf;fU cUthf;fj;Jf;F cjtpaNjhL epjpAjtpAk; Ghpe;j gpnul;wpf; <NgHl; ]bt;uq; (FES) epWtdj;jpd; ,yq;if tjptplgpujpepjp jpU. N[hfpk; \;Yl;lH ed;wpiaj; njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;. ,e;E}iy tbtikg;gjpy; cWJizahf epd;W xj;Jioj;j (TISL) epWtd ghpe;Jiu ,af;FeUk;> Njrpa Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l MNyhrfUk;> rd;NlyPlH gj;jphpifapd; Kd;dhs; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw MrphpaUkhd by;Uf;\p `e;Jd;nej;jp mtHfSf;Fj; kpfg;ngUk; ed;wpia njhptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwd;. kdpj nra;jp %yq;fs; vd;w mj;jpahaj;Jf;nfd Mf;fg+Htkhd gq;fspg;ig toq;fpaNjhL nghJthf midj;JNk rpwg;ghf mikTw mtH nghpJk; xj;Jioj;jpUe;jhH. ,yq;ifapy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; gyUk; jkJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfs; %ykhf cz;ikia ntspapl ngUk; rpukq;fis vjpHnfhz;ldH. rpyH jkJ capHfisAk; jpahfk; nra;jdH. mtHfspd; epidTf;F ,t;tsj;JizE}iy rkh;g;gpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

uhy;g;t; gpuk;nkhypNdh> Kd;dhs; nyh]; VQ;ry;]; ilk;]; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH> Clf MNyhrfH. nfhOk;G> =yq;fh Mf];l; 2011

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

,t;tsj;Jiz E}iy vt;thW gad;gLj;JtJ? ,t;tsj;Jiz E}y;> Gydha;T nra;jpahsHfSf;F Fwpg;ghf gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; gzpGhpgtHfSf;F Muk;gk; Kjy; ,Wjptiu xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jp njhlHghfTk;> mJ gw;wpa jpl;lkply; Fwpj;Jk; topfhl;Lk; tpjj;jpy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xt;nthU mj;jpahaq;fis thrpf;Fk; NghJ nra;jpahsHfSk;> gj;jphpifahrphpaHfSk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj; jpul;ly; vd;gJ vt;tsT Jhuk; nghJthd nra;jpr; Nrfhpg;gpypUe;Jk; NtWgl;Ls;snjd;gij mwpaKbtNjhL> XH caHe;j juj;jpyhd nra;jp mwpf;ifia vt;thW jahhpf;f KbAnkd;gijAk; mwpa KbAk;.

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpnahd;Wf;fhd Nahridiaj; juf;$ba toptiffis njhpT nra;jy;> %yj;jlaq;fis gpd;njhlHjy; - khdpl> gj;jphpif> kw;Wk; ,yj;jpudpay; - njhlHGfSld; ,Wjp vOj;J%y mwpf;ifia gy;NtW muq;FfSf;Fk; toq;Fjy; gw;wpa tpguq;fs; ,t;tsj;Jiz E}ypy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. nghpJk; nghUl;gLj;jg;glhj Kf;fpa tplaq;fs; gw;wpAk;> Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;Lk; eltbf;iffis vt;thW ifahStJ vd;gJ gw;wpAk; ,e;Ehy; tpsf;fkspf;fpwJ. ,t;tsj;Jiz E}y; Gydha;T nra;jpj;Jiw njhlh;ghd ,yq;ifapYk;> NtW njw;fhrpa ehLfspYk; ep[ - tho;f;if cjhuzq;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Vida topfhl;ly;fs;> jfty;fs;> juTfs; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa XH ml;ltiziaAk; ,t;tsj;Jiz E}y; Gydha;Tr;nra;jpj;Jiw njhlHghff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,t;tsj;Jiz E}y;> ifalf;fkhd ifEhy; xd;iwAk; fsj;jpy; cs;s nra;jp Nrfhpg;ghsH ed;ikfUjp Nkyjpfkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,f;if E}y; Xh; eilKiwr;rhj;jpakhd topfhl;bahf nraw;gl;L tsj;Jiz Ehypy; cs;s Kf;fpa tplaq;fis Kd;Djhuzg;gLj;jp nra;jpahsHfis mtHfsJ Gydha;Tg;gzpapy; KOf;ftdj;NjhL <Lgl itg;gjhf mike;Js;sJ. ghy; epiy tpj;jpahrq;fs; gw;wpf;Fwpg;gpLifapy;> mtd; - mts; vd;w nrhw;gpuNahfq;fs; jtph;f;fg;gl;L ,yq;ifapd; nra;jpahsHfs;> gj;jphpifahrphpaHfs; njhlHgpy; Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghy; rhHe;j nghJthd nrhw;gpuNahfq;fis ,t;tsj;JizE}y; gad;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

ghfk; xd;W Gydha;Tr; nra;jp Nrfupg;G gw;wpa xOq;Fk; nraw;ghLk;

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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mj;jpahak; xd;W

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj; Jiw: vd;d? vjw;fhf? kdpj ehfhpfk; tsHr;rpngw Muk;gpj;jJk; r%f mikg;Gf;fs; kl;lj;jpy; chpikfs;> [dehafk; vd;git gw;wpa tpopg;GzHNthL jfty;fis mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk; NjitAk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw Muk;gpj;jJ. khdpltpay; Ma;thsHfs; kf;fspd; ,e;j mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk; Mtiy njhd;iktha;e;j fyhrhuq;fSld; njhlHG gLj;Jfpd;wdH. goq;Fbkf;fs; czT> ePH kw;Wk; ciwAs; Nghd;wdtw;iw NjLtjpy; nfhz;bUe;j Mtiyg;Nghd;W jk;ikr;Rw;wp eilngWtdtw;iwAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;s Mty; nfhz;bUe;jdH. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; r%fq;fs; cupikfs; rk;ge;jkhfTk;> Jiwfspy; gq;fspg;gpd; mtrpak; gw;wpAk; kw;Wk; [dehafk; gw;wpAk; Mh;tk; nrYj;j Muk;gpj;j NghJ “mwptjd; mtrpak;” gw;wpa Mh;tk; nkd;NkYk; mjpfupj;jJ.

Ml;rp epHthfk;> [dehafk; vd;w Nfhl;ghLfs; njd;dhrpahTf;Fg; Gjpjhditay;y. murpay; tpQ;Qhdj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu mHj;jrh];jpuk; vd;w gpufldk; fpwp];JTf;F Kd;dH 4 Mk; Ehw;whz;by; nfsby;ahtpdhy; mwpKfk;; nra;Jitf;fg;gl;lJ. rhzf;fpah> tp\;ZFg;jh vd;w ngaHfshYk; ,tH miof;fg;gl;lhH. KjyhtJ kAurf;futHj;jp re;jpuFg;jd; murhl;rp> nghUshjhuk; njhlHghd xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l gpufldq;fis ntspapl;lNghJ> mr;rf;futHj;jpapd; MNyhrfuhf nfsjpy;ah Nritahw;wpdhH. murpay; tpQ;Qhdj;jpy; nfsby;ah xU Kd;Ndhbahff; fUjg;gLfpwhH. mj;Jld; mtuJ fhyk; khf;fpaty;yp vd;w murpay; tpQ;QhdpAila fhyg;gFjpiatpl 1200 Mz;Lfs; Kw;gl;ljhfNt mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mHj;jrh];jpuk; murhl;rpapd; midj;J mk;rq;fisAk; ifahStjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy; jHkj;jpd; fhtydhf murd; rpj;jhpf;fg;gLfpwhd;.

MapDk; jHkj;jpd; KOtbtkhf murd; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. mj;Jld; gy kjj;jd;ikiaAk;> kjj;ijAk; murhl;rpiaAk; gphpj;Jf;fhz;gpg;gJld; xU gy;tifj;jd;ikia Ml;rpajpfhu tplaj;jpy; nfhz;bUg;gjhfTk; mHj;jrh];jpuk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;if 1931 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; xU [dehaf ehlhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 1970 Mk; Mz;Lfhyg;gFjpapypUe;J fpof;F INuhg;ghtpd; gyehLfspYk;> Mrpahtpy; gy ghfq;fspYk; 60f;Fk; mjpfkhfkhd ehLfspy;

8 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

[dehafk; tpahgpj;Js;sij mtjhdpf;f KbAk;. ,izaj;jpd; nry;thf;Ff; fhuzkhf ,];yhkpa ehLfshd vfpg;J> LdPrpah> Nakd;> gh`;nua;d; Mfpa ehLfspYk; [dehaf mikg;Gfs; capNuhl;lk; ngw Muk;gpj;Js;sd. [dehafj;jpd; xt;nthU jpUg;G KidfspYk;> jkJ murpay; vjpHfhyk; Fwpj;J njsptw;wpUe;j kf;fs;;> jw;NghJ murhq;f jiytHfis thf;fspg;G %ykhf njhpT nra;Ak; rf;jpiaf; nfhz;ltHfshf ,Uf;fpd;wdH. ,t;thW nra;tjw;F mtHfSf;F fr;rpjkhd> fhykwpe;j md;whlj; jfty;fs; fpilf;fg;ngw Ntz;baJ mtrpakhdjhfpd;wJ. ,t; mj;jpahtrpaj; Njitia Clfj;Jiw g+Hj;jp nra;tjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Clfj;Jiwapd; fhuzpfs; vd;W tpghpf;fg;gl;ltw;wpy; Rje;jpukhfTk;> RakhfTk; gpuiIfs; Msg;gLtjw;fhd jfty;fis toq;FtNj Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. kuGKiw Clfj;Jiw vd;gJ ngUk;ghYk; kdpj mtyq;fs;> ,aw;if mdHj;jq;fs;> toikahd cj;jpNahfg+Ht mwpf;iffs; vd;gtw;iw Gjpa nra;jpfshf njhptpg;gij tof;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mj;Jld; rl;lq;fs; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lik gw;wpAk;> [dhjpgjp> ghuhSkd;wk; njhptpg;gtw;iwAk; ntspapLfpd;wd. kuGKiw Clfj;Jiw vd;gJ mj;Jiw rhHe;j mjpfhhpfspd; xU epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,aq;Ffpd;wJ. ngUk;ghyhd gj;jphpif kw;Wk; ,yj;jpudpay; Clfq;fs; vd;git kuGKiw Clfj;Jiw rhHe;jitahfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd.

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw tpj;jpahrkhdjhFk; 1900 Mk; Mz;L mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,lk;ngw;w r%f ,af;f eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhf cUg;ngw;w Gydha;Tr; nra;jp jpul;Lk; nraw;ghL, rf;jpAk;> RWRWg;Gk; kpf;fjha; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. nry;thf;Fs;stHfs; Ghpfpd;w jtWfis ntspg;gLj;Jtjd;%yk;> [dehaf hPjpahd r%f mikg;nghd;wpy; murhq;f mYtyHfspd; mj;JkPwpa nraw;ghLfisf; fistjhf Gydha;Tr;nra;jp jpul;Lk; eltbf;if mike;Js;sJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwia xU “fhty; eha;”> “mRj;jq;fis mfw;Wk; gzp”> “fLk; Nghf;fhd Clf eltbf;if” vd;Wk;; Fwpg;gpLtJz;L. nghJthd Clfj;Jiw jw;NghJ [dehaf ehLfs;; midj;jpYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;JiwAk; ,t;thW Vida ehLfspYk; tpiutpy; ,t;thW tphptilAk; vd;gjpy; Mr;rhpag;gLtjw;F vJTkpy;iy.

Kd;G mjpfhuq;fspy; ,Ug;Nghhpd; ifg;nghk;ikfshf ,Ue;j nra;jpahsHfSk;> gj;jphpifahrphpaHfSk; jw;NghJ mt;thwd;wp nray;gl Muk;gpg;gij mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ. ngUksT Ngl;bfis fz;L Fw;wtpay; kw;Wk; Nkhrbfs; Fwpj;j jtwhd eltbf;iffis ntspf;nfhzHtjpy; MHtj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk; Nghf;F fhzg;gLfpwJ. VidatHfs; ,ufrpakhf itj;Js;s jfty;fis gfpuq;fg;gLj;jp r%f mikg;gpy; fhzg;gLk; gpur;rpidfisf; fistjpy; MHtk; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| 9

tpNrl jd;ikfs;: gy;NtWgl;l ,ay;Gfs; fhuzkhf Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw kuGKiw Clfj;JiwapypUe;Jk; NtWgl;bUf;fpd;wJ. mitahtd tUkhW:

Daily reporting is like hunting

• nraw;jpwd; gilj;jJ: kuGKiw nra;jpr;Nrfhpg;ngd;gJ xU epfo;r;rp epuypd; mbg;gilapy; mike;jJ. Mdhy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw vd;gJ jfty;fis Nkhg;gk; gpbj;Jr; nrhy;tjhf mike;Js;sJ. ,jdhy; “rthYld; $ba nra;jpj;jpul;ly;” vd;Wk; ,jidf; Fwpg;gpl KbfpwJ. • jtWfis ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw ahdJ> gpujhdkhf Coy;> J\;gpuNahfk;> nghJr; nrhj;Jf;fis tpuakhf;Fjy; vd;gtw;iw fise;njwptij Nehf;fhff;nfhz;lJ. murhq;f kw;Wk; jdpahH epWtdq;fSf;Fs; CLUtp ntspg;gilj; jd;ikf;F toptFg;gjhfTk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw mike;Js;sJ.

Investigative reporting is like farming

• nghWg;ig czHj;JtJ: jtWfis fz;lwpAk; mNjrkak; kWrPuikg;ig Nkw;nfhs;sf; $batHfisAk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw ,dq;fhZfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; mjpfhhpfSf;F mtHfsJ nghWg;igAk; ,g;Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw czHj;jpitf;fpd;wJ. • gpujpgyd; fUjpaJ: jtwhd eltbf;iffis kf;fs; ftdj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;LtUk; mNjrkak;> kf;fspd; mgpg;gpuhaq;fis khWjy;fis Nehf;fpajhf jpir jpUg;GtJk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwapd; gq;fspg;ghf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. • fhyNeuk; NjitahdJ: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpr;Nrfhpg;ig FWfpa fhy vy;iyapy; Nkw;nfhs;sKbahJ. ,g; gzp fbdkhdJk;> fbd Kaw;rpiaf; nfhz;ljh fTkpUf;fpwJ. ,jd;fhuzkhf Gydha;Tr; nra;jpr; Nrfhpf;Fk; gzpnad;gJ njd; MrpahtpNyh my;yJ ,yq;ifapd; nra;jp epWtdq;fspNyh nghpJk; ,lk; ngWtjpy;iy. ,q;nfy;yhk; nra;jpahsHfs; jpdKk; gy;NtW nra;jpfis rhjhuz Kiwapy; toq;Fk; tpjj;jpNyNa gzpahw;WfpwhHfs;.

• MokhdJk;>gue;Jgl;lJk;: kuGKiw nra;jp Nrfhpf; Fk; gzpiag;Nghyd;wp Gydha;Tr;nra;jpr; Nrfhpg;G eltbf;iffs;> gyjug;gl;l nra;jp %yq;fis Ntz;b epw;gNjhL> Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l jfty;fis cW jpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Mtzq;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;bajhfpd;wJ.

10 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

• gy;NtW fhy tiuaiwfs;: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpr; Nrfhpg;G vd;w tplak; Fwpg;gpl;l fhytiuaiwf;Fl;gl;ljy;y. Fwpg;gpl;l fhy mtfhrj;Jf;Fs; epr;rag;gLj;jp Gydha;Tj; jfty;fis jpul;l KbahJ. Muk;gk; Kjy; ,Wjptiu vjidAk; tiuaiw nra;a KbahJ. vg;NghJ ,Wjpf;fl;lj;ij milfpwNjh mg;NghNj mjid epiwTw;wjhff; nfhs;sKbAk;.

• kPsikg;gJ: rpyrkaq;fspy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpr;Nrfhpg;gpy; Kf;fpaj;J tkpf;f rpy jfty;fs; Gjpa tbtj;jpy; ,il eLtpy; Njhd;wyhk;. mtw;iwAk; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sNtz;ba Njit Vw;glyhk;. ghy;fd; gpuNjr Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfSf;nfdj; jahuhd “Mokhf CLUtpr;nry;tJ” vd;w topfhl;b E}ypy; (2009) vjidg; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpr;Nrfhpg;ghff; nfhs;sKbahJ vd;w jfty; cs;slq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. mitahtd: • ehshe;j nra;jp Nrfhpg;G my;yJ gpuj;jpNafr;nra;jp: ehshe;j nra;jpnahd;iw jahHgLj;Jtjw;fhd Neuj;ijtpl Gydha;Tr; nra;jpr; Nrfhpg;G ePz;l fhy Neuj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. ,d;DnkhU tifapy; $Wtjhdhy; ehshe;j nra;jpr; Nrfhpg;ghdJ xU Ntl;ilahliyg; Nghd;wJ. jdJ nra;jp epWtdj;Jf;nfd xU nra;jpahsH ntspNa nrd;W xU nra;jpiaf; nfhz;LtUfpwhH. Mdhy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;ly; vd;gJ tptrhak; nra;tijg; Nghd;wJ. jdJ mWtilf;fhf gapHfis ePz;lfhyk; tsHj;Jg;ghJfhg;gJ Nghy Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsUk; xU ey;y nra;jp mWtilf;fhf gy thuq;fs;> khjq;fs; vd;W jdJ Kaw;rpia njhlh;e;J Nkw;nfhs;fpwhH. • xw;iwr; nra;jp %yk;: Gydha;T nra;jp Nrfhpg;gpy; nra;jp %yq;fs; gyjug;gl;litahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. kdpjHfs; %ykhfTk; Mtzq;fs; Nfhg;Gfs; vd;git %ykhfTk; cz;ikj;jfty;fs; jpul;lg;gLfpd;wd.

• nra;jpf;frpT: jfty;fs; frptjd; %yk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jfty;fis jpul;lKbAk;. mur kw;Wk; tHj;jf epWtdq;fSf;Fs;NsapUe;J nra;jpf;frpT Vw;glyhk;. Mdhy; KOikahd Gydha;Tr; nra;jpr; Nrfhpg;ngd;gJ NeHj;jpahd jfty; Nrfhpg;gpNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. Vnddpy; jkJ eyd; fUjpAk;> nra;jpahsiuj; jkf;Nfw;wthW gad;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpYk; nra;jpfisf; frpar; nra;NthH ngUk;ghYk; nraw;glKbAk;. vdNt jfty; frpTf;F mg;ghYk; nrd;W Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;ly; mike;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

• “gg;guh]p” Clfk;: gpugyq;fs; kw;Wk; jdte;jHfisr; Rw;wpj;jphpe;J jfty; Nrfhpg;gJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;lyhf ,Uf;fKbahJ. nghJeyd; fUjpajhfNt Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;ly; mikaKbAk;. mj;Jld; jdpg;gl;NlhH jfty;fis nghJ eyid ikag;gLj;jpajhf kl;LNk Nrfhpf;f Ntz;bajhfpd;wJ. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwf;fhd ehd;F Kf;fpa epiyg;ghLfs; vj;jifa xU jftyhf ,Ug;gpDk;> Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;ly; vd;gJ gpd;tUk; xU ,yFthd fzpg;gPl;bd; fPo; mikaKbAk;.

XH mjpfhuepiy> nghJepWtdk;> $l;Lj;jhgdk; my;yJ XH milahsk; fhzg;gl;l jdpegH vd;git gw;wpa Ghpe;JzHjy;> Nfhl;ghLfs;> thf;FWjpfs; vd;git cz;ikahd nraw;ghLfSf;F vjpuhf mikAk; NghJ Gydha;Tr;nra;jpj;Jiw mitgw;wp xg;gPl;L hPjpahf kjpg;gPL nra;fpd;wJ.

Perception Gupe;Jzu;T

  

Principles

Promises

Nfhl;ghLfs;

thf;FWjpfs;

Performance nraw;ghL

ehk; xt;nthU mk;rj;ijAk; Muha;Nthk;: Nfhl;ghLfs; vd;gd XH murpay;thjp> murhq;f mYtyH my;yJ epWtdk; Mfpatw;wpd; Fwpf;Nfhs; kw;Wk; nray;ghLfspy; jq;fpapUf;fpd;wd. ,JNt nghJg;gilahd jd;ikahFk;. cjhuzkhf cs;@H ghlrhiy eilKiw vd;gJ ,d> kj> nghUshjhu NtWghLfspd;wp khztHfSf;F fy;tpia toq;Ftjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. tuT nryT jpl;l nryitf; Fiwg;gJ my;yJ xOf;fnewpia Nkk;gLj;JtJ vd;w hPjpapy; murpay;thjp xUtH NjHjypYk; cj;jpNahfg+Ht gpuRuq;fspy; Fwpg;gpLtJ my;yJ murhq;f epWtdnkhd;wpd; rl;ljpl;lq;fspy; fhzg;glf;$baitahFk;. Nfhl;ghLfSk; mitFwpj;j nghJkf;fspd; Ghpe;JzHTk; xd;Wld; xd;W epr;rakhf njhlHGilaitahFk;.

Ghpe;JzHjy; vd;gJ XH mYtyH my;yJ epWtdj;jpd; Ratbtj;Jld; njhlHGilajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf ed;F jahuhd xUtH> nghJkf;fis jl;bf;nfhLg;gJld; mtHfSila ek;gpf;ifiag;ngWk; Nehf;fj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;fKbAk;. ehk; ,j;jifa jd;ikia murpay;thjpfsplj;jpYk; mtHfsJ gpurhu eltbf;iffspd;NghJk; mtjhdpf;fKbAk;. mj;Jld; murepWtdq;fs;> $l;Lj;jhgdq;fs; kw;Wk; 12 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

r%f mikg;GfSf;Fk; ,j;jd;ik nghUe;Jtjhf ,Uf;Fk;. Ghpe;JzHjy; vd;gJ> ciufs;> tpsk;guk;> kf;fs; njhlHG Kd;Djhuzkhd eltbf;if my;yJ cj;jpNahfg+Ht eltbf;if vd;gtw;wpd; %ykhf ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. thf;FWjpfs; vd;gJ nghJkf;fshy; my;yJ epWtd hPjpahff; Fwpg;gpl;L ntspaplg;gLfpd;w mwpf;iffisf; Fwpg;gjhf mike;Js;sJ. ,yq;ifapy; 2004 Mk; Mz;L Rdhkpg;Nguiy mdHj;jj;ijaLj;J epthuz cjtpfs; toq;FtJ rk;ge;jkhf epiwaNt thf;FWjpfs; mur mjpfhupfshy; toq;fg;gl;ld. MapDk; epthuz cjtpfis ntspg;gilj; jd;ikNahL rkkhd Kiwapy; gfpHe;jspg;gij epr;rag;gLj;j muR jtwpajd; fhuzkhfTk; Rdhkpf;Fg;gpd;duhd Gduikg;Gg;gzpfspy; Coy; Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fSk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;lYf;F topaikj;jpUe;jJ. vdNt Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;l ehd;F mk;rq;fSk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;lYf;F mbg;gilahf mike;Js;sd. ,Jgw;wpa jfty; Nrfhpg;Gfs; fbdkhd ciog;NghL Ngl;bfs; kw;Wk; Mtzq;fs; %ykhf Njlg;glNtz;baitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd.

xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahshpd; eilKiwfs; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;ly; rpy eilKiwfisf; nfhz;bUg;gJNghyNt ePz;lfhy mDgtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfSk; rpy eilKiwfisg; nghJthff; nfhz;Ls;sdH. • tpkHrd rpe;jid: jkf;Ff;fpilf;fg;ngWk; ,d;Ndhud;d jfty;fis xOq;FgLj;jp mtw;wpypUe;J jtWfs;> khWghlhd eltbf;ifs; rk;ge;jkhf MuhaNtz;baNjhL> NeHikaw;w kw;Wk; jtwhd tpthjq;fis Muha;e;jwpe;J cz;ikfis fz;Lgpbf;ff;$ba nray;jpwidAk; Gydha;T ClftpayhsH nfhz;bUf;fNtz;Lk;.

• ce;jg;gLjy;: cj;jpNahfg+Ht tpsf;fq;fs; %yk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; jpUg;jpailtjpy;iy. jhkhfNt jfty;fisj; Njb mwpa Ntz;Lnkd;gjpNyNa MHtq;fhl;b mwpf;iffis Mokhf Muha;fpd;wdH. ,e;eltbf;ifia jhk; jpUg;jpailAk; tiu mtHfs; epWj;Jtjpy;iy. mtHfs; Mty;nfhz;ltHfsha;; ,Ug;gH. MapDk; mtHfspd; ,e;j Mty; mtHfsJ rpe;jidiaNah my;yJ njhopy;rhHe;j jPHkhdq;fisNah kOq;fr;nra;tjpy;iy.

• r%f kdg;ghq;F: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw ftHr;rpfukhdjhf ,Uf;fyhk;. MapDk; ,g;gzp; 95 rjtPjk; fbdkhdjhFk;. fhupahya thrypNyNa Raeyj;ijf; fow;wp tpLfpd;wdH. nghJ ed;ik fUjpajhfNt Gydha;T nra;jpahsHfs; fLikahfTk;> MokhfTk; nraw;gLfpwhHfs;. ghuhl;Ljy;fisNah tpUJfisNah mtHfs; vjpHghHg;gjpy;iy. ePjpia epiyehl;lNtz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpy; jtWfs; jpUj;jg;gl;L> Coy;fs; Kwpabf;fg;gl;L> Fw;wkpioj;j mjpfhhpfs; mtHfsJ J\;gpuNahfq;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;tiu Gydha;Tr;nra;jpahsHfs; Xa;e;JtpLtjpy;iy. [dehafk; gyk; Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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gilj;NjhUilajhf ,y;yhky;> kf;fs; eyd; fUjpajhfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w gue;j vjpHghHg;ig Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; nfhz;Ls;sdH. • Jzpr;rNyhL kjpa+fkhdJ: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; gyjug;gl;l neUf;fbfSf;F cs;shf NehpLk;. mtHfs; mjpfhhpfshy; Xuq;fl;lg;glKbAk;. rl;leltbf;if %yk; mr;RWj;jg;glKbAk;. jhf;FjYf;Fs;shfKbAk;. mePjpahd jLg;Gf;fhty;> jiykiwT> Mfpatw;NwhL kuzj;ijf; $l re;jpf;fNehpLk;. ,e;j Mgj;Jf;fis mtHfs; mwpe;jpUe;jNghJk; mtw;wpd; ghjpg;Gf;fis $Lkhdtiu Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdH. ve;jnthU nra;jpAk; capUf;F <lhfhJ vd;gijAk; mwpe;jpUe;jtHfshfNt mtHfs; ,Uf;fpd;wdH. • xOq;fikj;jy;: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; ftdf;Fiwthdth;fshf ,Uf;fKbahJ. jkJ nraw;ghLfisg; nghWj;jtiu NeHj;jpahTk; jpl;lkpl;Lk; ,aq;FgtHfshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jfty;fis rhpahd Kiwapy; rkHg;gpg;gjw;F ,J cjtpaha; mikAk; vd;gijAk; mtHfs; mwptH. • epahak;: re;Njff; fz;NzhL tplaq;fisj; NjLfpd;wNghJ cz;ikj; jd;ikfisNa Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;ly; Nehf;Ffpd;wNj jtpu> jtwhd vz;zf;fUj;Jf;fshy; nfhz;l ce;Jjypdhy; my;y. jkJ jfty;fs; ahiu ,yf;F itj;Js;sNjh mtHfs; gjpYiug;gjw;fhf NghJkhdsT tha;g;Gf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sjhf Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH fUJfpd;wdH. Gydha;Tfs; XH MAjk;Nghy rpyiu fhag;gLj;jyhk;. MfNt ,e;j Clf MAjj;ij mtHfs; mtjhdkhfg; ghtpf;f Ntz;Lnkd muG Gydha;T nra;jpahsh;fSf;fhd ntspaPL xd;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,yq;ifapy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw mgptpUj;jpaile;JtUk; ehLfs; gytw;wpYk;Nghy> Fwpg;ghf Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;duhd r%f mikg;Gf;fspy; ,Uf;fpd;w epytuj;ijnahj;jjhf ,yq;ifapYk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jp Nrfhpj;jy; gy;NtW rthy;fisr; re;jpj;jjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba Rje;jpuk; ,d;ik> nghJ Mtzq;fis Muha Kbahik Nghd; wd gj;jphpifahsHfSf;Fg; ngUk; rthyhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. mjpfhuj; jpYs;NshUf;F vjpuhf nra;jpahsHfs;> gj;jphpifahrphpaHfs; kw;Wk; nra;jp epWtdq;fs; ,aq;Ftjw;F r%f mikg;igr; NrHe;NjhH epWtd hPjpahd Mjuit toq;Ftjpy; gytPdkhf cs;sdH. 30 tUlfhy Aj;jk; gy gj;jphpifahsHfs; nfhy;yg;gLtjw;Fk;> Clfj;JiwapdH kPjhd gif czHT mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mike;Js;sJ. Clfj;JiwapdH gyH murhq;fj;jpd; Aj;jeltbf;iffis tpkHrpj;jjd; fhuzkhf rpiwapyplg;gl;ldH. mj;Jld; ehl;iltpl;L ntspNa Gfyplk; NfhUk; epiyf;Fk; js;sg;gl;bUe;jdH.

14 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

Clf epWtdq;fspy; gzpahsHfs; Fiwthf ,Uf;fpd;wdH. mj;Jld; gj;jphpiffis gf;fq;fq;fis epug;gTk;> thndhyp - njhiyf;fhl;rp topahf nra;jpfis ntspaplTk; nghJg;gilahd nra;jpfspNyNa gj;jphpifahsHfs; jq;fpAs;sdH. ,J jtpu nra;jpfs; $l ngUk;ghYk; nfhOk;ig ikag;gLj;jpajhfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd. mr;RWj;jy;fs; fhuzkhf nra;jpahsHfSk;> gj;jphpifahrphpaHfSk; Rajzpf;if eilKiwiaf; ifahs;tNjhL> Mokhd Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfisj; jpul;Lk; gzpapypUe;Jk; xJq;fpapUf;fpd;wdH. mj;Jld; Nghjpa trjpapy;yhj nra;jp epWtdq;fs;> jFe;j Cjpakpd;ik Nghd;witAk; jilf;fw;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,J jtpu thrfHfSk;> NeaHfSk; $l jkJ tho;f;ifapy; khw;wq;fisf; nfhz;Ltuf;$ba Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfis mwpe;Jnfhs;tjpy; ngUk; MHtkpd;wpAk; ,Uf;fpd;wdH. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpr; Nrfhpg;igg; nghWj;jtiu gpuhe;jpa nra;jpahsHfs; ngUk; rpukj;ij vjpHnfhs;fpd;wdH. ,tHfSf;fhd Cjpak; FiwthfNt ,Ug;gNjhL> gy;NtW nra;jp epWtdq;fisAk; mtHfs; jq;fpapUf;fNtz;bAkpUf;fpd;wJ. ,tHfspy; gyH gFjp Neu nra;jpahsHfshfNt ,Uf;fpd;wdH. ,jd;fhuzkhf Gydha;Tr; nra;jpNrfhpg;gpy; mtHfshy; mjpfsT Neuj;ijr; nrytplKbtjpy;iy. ,izaj;js trjpNah my;yJ etPd Kiwapy; nra;jpfis mDg;Gk; trjpfisNah mtHfs; nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy. mj;Jld; nfhOk;igNa ikag;gLj;Jk; gj;jphpifahrphpaHfNshL jkJ nra;jpfis ntsptur; nra;tjpy; ngUk; rpukq;fis vjpHNehf;fpatHfshf gpuhe;jpar; nra;jpahsHfs; cs;sdh;. gpuhe;jpar; nra;jpahsHfs; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpr; Nrfhpg;NghL rk;ge;j kpy;yhjtHfshfTk;> mJgw;wp njhopy; jpwid tsHj;Jf; nfhs;shNjhuhAk; ,Uf;fpd;wdH. Vnddpy; jkJ gpuhe;jpar; nra;jpfisNa mtHfs; jUfpd;wdH. mj;Jld; rHr;irf;Fhpa nra;jpfis ntspf;nfhzUk;NghJ jhf;Fjy;fSf;Fk; mtHfs; cs;shfpd;wdH. jhkhfNt Kd;te;J Kf;fpa rHr;irf;Fhpa nra;jpfis mtHfs; jUtjw;F Kd;te;jhYk; mtHfsJ gj;jphpifahrphpaHfs; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfis Xuq;fl;btpLfpd;wdH. rpy rkaq;fspy; nfhOk;gpYs;s NtnwhU Kf;fpa nra;jpahsUf;F mjid toq;fptpLfpd;wdH. ,t;thwhd fl;Lg;ghLfs; ,Uf;fpd;wNghjpYk; rpy nra;jpahsHfs; rthy;fis vjpHnfhz;L Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfisj; jUfpd;wdH. mj;Jld; ,yq;ifapYs;s nra;jp epWtdq;fs; jkJ Gydha;Tj; jfty;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj gl;rj;jpy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; jkJ jfty;fis ,yq;iff;F ntspNa ,aq;Ffpd;w ,izaj;jsq;fSf;F toq;fptpLfpd;wdH.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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,uz;lhk; mj;jpahak;

njhopy; jifik - xOf;f newp Gydha;T nra;jpj;Jiw tpNrl jd;ikiaf; nfhz;Ls;sjhy; Gydha;T nra;jpahsHfs; caHe;j juj;jpyhd xOf;f newpiaf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;batHfshfpd;wdH. xU gyk;kpf;f cj;jpNahfj;jH my;yJ epWtdnkhd;W njhlHghf Fw;wq;fhz Kw;gLk; xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsUk; mtuJ nra;jp epWtdKk; mg;gOf;fw;w fiwgbahj fuq;fNshL ek;gfj; jd;ikAilajhfTk; mike;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. jdJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;lYf;F vt;tsT Jhuk; Kf;fpakspf;fg;gLfpwNjh mNjasT Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij jdJ Clfj;Jiw rhHe;j ,yf;Ffis miltjpYk; toq;fNtz;Lk;. njhopy; hPjpahd xOf;ff;Nfhit> ,yq;if gj;jphpifahrphpaH Fohj; jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;ljhFk;. mj;Jld; ,yq;if Clf Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpdhYk; ,e;j xOf;ff; Nfhit Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. gj;jphpifj;JiwapdH ,e;j xOf;f newpf;Nfhitia jkJ eltbf;iffspd; NghJ kpfTk; Vw;ff;$banjdj; njhptpf;fpd;wdH. ,e;j xOf;ff;Nfhitia ,yq;ifapy; ,izaj;jsq;fis itj;jpUg;NghUf;F topfhl;bahf toq;fTk; jpl;lkplg;gLfpwJ. rpy Clf epWtdq;fs; jhkhfNt jkf;Fhpa xOf;ff;Nfhitia jahhpj;Js;sd. rpq;fsg; gj;jphpifahd 'uhta" jdJ mYtyfj;jpw;nfd xOf;f tpjpKiwfisj; jahhpj;jpUg;gNjhL gj;jphpiff;nfd FiwNfs; mjpfhhp xUtiuAk; epakpj;Js;sJ. md;gspg;Gfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ rk;ge;jkhfTk; rpy Clf epWtdq;fs; tpjpKiwifis mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sd.

MapDk; gpuhe;jpa kl;lq;fspy; ClftpayhsHfs; kw;Wk; gFjpNeu nra;jpahsHfshf ,Ug;NghH kj;jpapy; jtwhd mZFKiwfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtHfSf;F njhopy;jd;ik> xOf;fnewp vd;git gw;wp mwpaj;ju Ntz;bAs;sJ. rpy rkaq;fspy; yQ;rk; ngWtNjhL> mr;RWj;jpAk; nraypy; ,wq;Fk; jd;ik ,tHfsplk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf tHj;jfj; JiwapypUg;Nghhplk; ey;yKiwapy; vOJtjw;fhf mtHfsplk; gzk;ngWk; epiyAk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. rpy tHj;jfj;Jiwr; nra;jpahsHfs; jdpahH epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J jkJ NjitfSf;fhf mDruizfisAk; ngWfpd;wdH. ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrp Nghd;wtw;iwAk; ngWfpd;wdH. ClftpayhsH xUtH Ie;J el;rj;jpu N`hl;ly; xd;wpy; jkf;Fk; jkJ FLk;g cWg;gpdHfs; 25 NgUf;Fk; ,ytrkhf tpUe;jspf;FkhWk; Nfl;Ls;shH. 16 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

,NjNtis gj;jphpifahsHfspy; rpyH murpay;thjpfspd; jait ehb jkJ gps;isfSf;F ghlrhiy mDkjpiag; ngw KaYfpd;whHfs;. cwtpdHfSf;F njhopy; ngw;Wj;jUkhW Nfl;fpwhHfs;. mj;Jld; murpay;thjpfspd; njhiyefy; fUtpiag; gad;gLj;jp nra;jpfisAk; jkJ epWtdq;fSf;F mDg;gpitf;fpwhHfs;. gpuhe;jpa Clf ,izg;ghsHfshf murpay;thjpfsplk; gzpGhpNthH jkJ murpay; jiytiug;gw;wp nra;jpahsHfs; nra;jpfis gpuRhpf;Fk;NghJ mjw;fhd rYiffis ,ul;bg;ghf;fpf; nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,j;jifa eilKiwfs; Clfj;Jiwapd; ew;ngaUf;Ff; fsq;fNkw;gLj;JtNjhL nghJthfNt ClftpayhsH gw;wp epyTk; jg;ggpg;gpuhaq;fisAk; tYtila itf;fpd;wJ. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH gzp vd;gJ Coiy ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. vdNt mtHfs; jkJ xOf;f newpapypUe;J tOthjpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;epiyapy; midj;J jtpHf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ClftpayhsHfSk;

fPNo

Fwpg;gplg;gLgtw;iwj;

• nrhe;j eyDf;fhf nra;jp vOJtJ: nghJeyidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;ljhfNt Gydha;T nra;jpg;gzp mike;Js;sJ. vdNt jhd; mwpe;J nfhz;l xU Kf;fpa nra;jpia gpuRhpg;gJ Fwpj;J Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH xUtH yQ;rk; ngWk; tpjj;jpNyh mr;RWj;Jk; tpjj;jpNyh ele;J nfhs;sf;$lhJ. jdpg;gl;l Njitfisg; g+Hj;jp nra;aNth> tpUe;Jgrhuq;fisg; ngwNth> md;gspg;Gfisg; ngwNth Kayf;$lhJ. ,j;jifa eltbf;iffs; xU nra;jpahshpdJk; mtH rhHe;j Clf epWtdj;jpdJk; ek;gfj;jd;ikiag; ghjpg;gjhf mikAk;.

• murpay; epfo;r;rp epuy;;: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfs; ClftpayhsH xUthpd; murpay; fz;Nzhl;lj;ijg; nghWj;J tphpthf mike;jpUf;f KbAk;.

Mdhy; ,J tplaj;jpy; jfty;fs; njhlHghf gf;fr;rhHGlNdh> NtW fhuzq;fSf;fhf jfty;fis kiwj;JtpLtjhfNth ,Uf;fyhfhJ. jfty;fs; jfty;fNsahFk;. vdNt cz;ikahdtw;wpNyNa nra;jpahsHfs; ftdnkLf;f Ntz;LNk jtpu jkJ jdpg;gl;l fhuzq;fis Kjd;ikg;gLj;jf;$lhJ. • Kuz;ghlhd fhpridfs;: ve;jnthU tHj;jf cld;ghNlh> jdpg;gl;l cwNth nry;thf;Nfh nra;jp %yq;fs;> nra;jp ,yf;Ffs; njhlHghf ,Uf;fyhfhJ. xU nra;jpahshpd; FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk;> ez;gHfSf;Fk; $l ,J nghUe;Jtjhf ,Uf;Fk;. jhk; Ma;T nra;fpd;w egHfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; njhlHgpy; Rje;jpukhf nra;jpahsHfs; ,aq;fNtz;Lk;.

• rhjfg;Nghf;F: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH jdJ gzpia Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ ,yq;if Nghd;w rpwpa ehnlhd;wpy; jdf;F ez;guhf ,Ug;gtH njhlHghfTk; nra;jp Nrfhpf;f NehpLk;. ,J tplaj;jpy; jdJ gzpia Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ jdJ cWjpg;ghl;il ,of;fhJ jaT jhl;rz;akpd;wp elf;fNtz;Lk;.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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• gugug;ghdjd;ik: Gydha;T nra;jpfs; rypg;Gj;jl;lhjitahf ,Uf;Fk; mNjrkak;> jphpGg;gLj;jg;gLtijAk;> mjPj tpsk;gug;gLj;jg;gLtijAk; jtpHf;f Ntz;bajhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. • fsthly;: Gydha;T nra;jpahsH Mtzq;fis jpUlh jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. jdf;fhf NtnuhUthplk; mtw;iw jpUbj; juNtz;LnkdTk; Nfl;fyhfhJ. Fwpj;j Mtzq;fs; cs;Ns ,Ug;Nghuhy; frpatplg;gl;bUe;jhy; mJgw;wp ghprPypf;f KbAk;. jpULtjw;Fk; frpe;jij cgNahfpg;gjw;Fkpilapy; xU rpwpa ,ilntspNa ,Ug;gpDk; rl;lhPjpahfTk;> xOf;f hPjpahfTk; ,e;j eilKiw gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mgfhpj;jy; kw;Wk; jphpGg;gLj;jy; ,;d;DnkhU Clftpayhshpd; jftiy my;yJ nkhopg;gputhfj;ij jpULjy; my;yJ njhptpf;fg;gLfpd;w jftiy vq;fpUe;J ngw;Nwhk; vd;w gpd;dzpia juhjpUg;gJ gj;jphpifj;Jiwapy; kpfTk; Nkhrkhd eltbf;ifahFk;. NtnwhU tplaj;jpy; ,Ue;J jfty;fis Nrfhpg;gJ kw;Wk; ,izaj;jsq;fspd; cjtpNahL nray;gLtjd; fhuzkhf Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l jtwhd eltbf;iffs; jq;Fjilapd;wp ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapy; gy gpuhe;jpa nra;jpahsHfs; ,JNghd;w nra;jp jpULk; nraiy Nghl;bj;jd;ik fhuzkhf Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. nra;jpj;jfty;fs; jpUly; vd;gJ NeHikaw;wJ kl;Lky;y Mgj;jhdJk; $l. A v]; V UNl> nyh]; VQ;ry;]; ilk;]; kw;Wk; epa+NahHf; ilk;]; Nghd;w gj;jphpiffspd; nra;jpahsHfs; nra;jpfs; kw;Wk; Kf;fpa nrhw; gpuNahfq;fis NtW jfty;fspypUe;J jpUbaikf;fhf gzp ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdH. ,JNghd;w eltbf;iffspy; <LgLk; nra;jpahsHfspd; jfty;fspy; fr;rpjkw;w jd;ikAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; NtW nra;jp %yq;fspypUe;J jfty; fisg; ngw KidAk; NghJ mit rhpahditjhdh vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jNtz;Lk;. mg;gb Kbahtpl;lhy; mj;jfty;fis mtHfs; gad;gLj;jyhfhJ. Clfj;Jiwapd; mbg;gilj;jd;ik ahnjdpy; ClftpayhsHfs; ghjpg;Gf;fis vjpHNehf;fpdhYk; jkJ RaKaw;rpapNyNa jq;fpapUf;fNtz;Lk;. jfty;fs; kw;Wk; $w;Wf;fis ngWk; mtrpak; Vw;gl;lhy; mit vq;fpUe;J ngwg;gl;ld vd;W Fwpg;gplj; jtwf;$lhJ. ,t;tplaj;jpy; Gydha;Tr;nra;jpahsH kpf mtjhdkhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. ,e;epiyapy; jtWfs; Vw;gl;lhy; thrfNuh my;yJ NeaNuh mj;jtWf;F Fwpj;j nra;jpahsH nghWg;gy;y vd;W czHe;Jnfhs;tH. rpy ClftpayhsHfs; jpULtJkl;Lky;yhky; mijtpl fPo;j;jukhf cz;ikj;jfty;fisAk;> $w;Wf;fisAk; jphpGg;gLj;jNthuhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wdH. Kf;fpa cjhuzkhf j epA hpgg;ypf; vd;w kpfTk; kjpf;fj;jf;f mnkhpf;f rQ;rpifnahd;wpd; nra;jpahsH ];Bgd;fpsh]; gzp ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lijf; Fwp;g;gplKbAk;. gy tUlq;fshf mtuhy; vOjg;gl;l 27 fl;Liufspy; jphpGg;gLj;jg;gl;l jfty;fs; ,Ue;jij 18 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

mtuJ MrphpaH fz;lwpe;jikNa ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. ,r;rk;gtk; Fwpj;j rQ;rpifapdJk;> mjd; gzpahsH kPjhd ek;gfj;jd;ikia kpfTk; ghjpj;Jtpl;lJ. xU nra;jpiaj; jahhpg;gjw;fhf jtwhd topfspy; jfty;fisr; Nrfhpg;gJk;> cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghf nra;jpfis jUtJk; mbg;gilj;jd;ikaw;w Clfg;gzpahFk;. kf;fs; eyd;fUjpa nra;jpr;Nrfhpg;Ng Clfj;JiwahFk;. jphpGgLj;Jtnjd;gJ fl;Lf;fijahf khj;jpuky;y cz;ikj;jfty;fis khw;wpaikj;Jk; tpLtjhf mike;JtpLfpwJ. mjpfhhp xUtH jdJ ez;gUf;F xg;ge;jnkhd;iw NjHjYf;F Kd;ghf toq;fpdhH vd nra;jp jug;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; cz;ik vd;dntdpy; NjHjYf;Fg;gpd;dNu mtH Fwpj;j xg;ge;jj;ij toq;fpdhH vd;gNj. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; fl;Lf;fijfisNah my;yJ jphpGgLj;jg;gl;l jfty;fisNah xUNghJk; toq;f Kd;tukhl;lhHfs;.

kiwKf Clfj;Jiw Coy; kw;Wk; jtwhd eltbf;iffisf; fz;lwpa kiwKfkhf ,aq;FtJ Gydha;Tr; nraj;jpj;jpul;lypy; rHr;irf;Fhpajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. kiwKf ClftpayhsHfs; kjpf;fg;gl;LkpUe;jdH. 1880 Mk; Mz;L epANahHf; efiur; NrHe;j ney;ypgpis vd;gtH jd;id xU rpj;jg;gpuik gpbj;jtH Nghy ghrhq;F nra;J me;efhpd; kpfg;nghpa kdNeha; kUj;Jtkidapy; ,lk;ngw;wjhff; $wg;gLk; gyjug;gl;l KiwNfLfisAk; fz;lwpe;J vOj Kd;te;jpUe;jhH. njd;dhrpahtpy; njn`y;fh vd;w GJby;ypia ikakhff; nfhz;l Clf ,izaj;jsk; elj;jpa Gydha;tpd; %yk; kiwKf ClftpayhsHfs; gpugykhdhHfs;. fphpf;nfl; ge;ja epHzaj;Jf;fhf fphpf;nfl; tPuHfSf;F yQ;rk; toq;fg;gl;lik> tPbNah fnkuhf;fs; %yk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ. ,uz;lhtJ eltbf;ifapy; ,U njn`y;fh nra;jpahsHfs; mjpetPd fnkuhf;fSld; xU rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;l ghJfhg;G epWtdnkhd;wpd; gpujpepjpfs; Nghy ghrhq;F nra;jpUe;jdH. ,tHfs; xU ghJfhg;G epWtdnkhd;wpd; gpuepjpfs;Nghy; ebj;J ghujpa [djh fl;rpj;jiytH gq;fhU yf;\;kd; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpy; xU rpNu\;l mjpfhhpahd n[ah n[a;l;yp kw;Wk; rkjhfl;rp nghJr;nrayhsUk;> ghJfhg;gikr;rUkhd N[hH[; ngHdhz;l]; MfpNahUf;F yQ;rk; nfhLf;f Kd;te;jdH. mt;tpU nra;jpahsHfSk; gy;NtW mur mjpfhhpfs;> md;iwa ghJfhg;gikr;rH N[hH[; ngHdhz;l]; MfpNahH yQ;rk; thq;FtijAk; tpgr;rhhpfspd; Nritiaf; Nfl;gijAk; jkJ fnkuhf;fspy; gjpT nra;jpUe;jdH. ,e;j kiwKf eltbf;if ghJfhg;gikr;rH N[hH[; ngHdhz;li] ,uh[pdhkh nra;aitj;jJ. mj;Jld; Vida mjpfhhpfis gjtp ePf;fQ; nra;aitj;jNjhL mtHfs; kPJ Fw;wtpay; tprhuizfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;sj; Jhz;bapUe;jJ.

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,jd;%yk; njn`y;fh ,izaj;jsj;ij> ehnshd;Wf;F 30 kpy;ypad; NgH mZfpapUe;jdH. mj;Jld; ,izaj;js ];jhgfHfshd jUz; nj[;ghy;> mdpUj;jh g`y; MfpNahH Clfj;Jiw ehafHfshfTk; gpugykile;jdH. g`y; www.corbrapost.com vd;w ,izaj;jsj;ij Muk;gpj;J jdJ kiwKf nra;jpg; gzpiaj; njhlHe;jhH. mj;Jld; 11 ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfs; Nyhf;rghtpy; Nfs;tp Nfl;gjw;fhf yQ;rk; ngw;wijAk; glkhf;fp mJgw;wp mwpaj;je;jpUe;jhH. ,jdhy; mtHfs; midtUk; gjtpapypUe;J tpyf Nehpl;lJ. ,j;jifa kiwKfg; Gydha;Tg;gzp ed;F gadspj;jJ. MapDk; ,g;gzpiag; nghWj;jtiu ,Ushd kWgf;fnkhd;WkpUf;fpwJ. ,k;kiwKfg;gzpapy; <LgLNthUf;Fk; ntspapLk; epWtdj;Jf;Fk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; Vw;gLk; rhj;jpak; cz;L.

PRO

“My ends more than justify the means.”

--Aniruddha Bahal, Editor, Cobrapost.com, and prominent “sting” journalist.

mnkhpf;fhtpy; v.gp.]p njhiyf;fhl;rp Nrit me;juq;fkhf fnkuhf;fisg; gad;gLj;jp #g;gH khHf;fl; xd;wpDs; fhyhtjpahd> Rfhjhuf;Nflhd czT tiffs; tpw;gidf;F AGAINST itf;fg;gl;bUe;jikia gw;wp fhz;gpj;jpUe;jJ. “I don’t think mJ njhlHghd tof;fpy; gpu];jhg #g;gH reporters should khHf;nfl; ngUksT gzj;ij e\;l <lhfg;ngw;Wf; misrepresent nfhz;lJld; mjd; CopaHfSk; Coy; njhlHghf Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gl;bUe;jdH. ,k;kiwKf themselves. eltbf;ifapy; nra;jpahsHfs; elj;jpa Period.”

Ms;khwhl;lNk mtHfSf;Fj; Njhy;tp iaj; je;jJ. ,NjNghy; njn`y;fhTk; mjDila jft nyhd;W njhlHgpy; ePjpkd;w tprhuizia vjpHnfhz;lJ. gj;jphpifahsuhd g`y; ifjh dhH. gpd;dH gpizapy; tpLjiyahdhH. ,e;j ,izaj;jsj;Jf;F epjpg;gpd;dzpia toq;fpNahUk; tUkhdthp nrYj;jhikahy; gpur;rpidf;Fs;shfpdH. ,UtUlq;fs; njn`y;fh %lg;gl;L gpd;dH xh; mr;R rQ;rpif ahf mJ ntspte;jJ. ,JNghd;w rl;l nghUshjhu mOj;jq;fs; gpur;rpidiaf;fpsg;gp ClftpayhsHfspd; MHtj;Jf;Fk; rthy; tpLf;fpd;wd.

20 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

--Ben Bradleee, former Executive Editor, The Washington Post

vdNt njhopy; hPjpahfTk; xOf;f tpjpKiwfs; njhlHghfTk; kiwKf Clf eltbf;iffs; gpur;rpidfis vjpH Nehf;Ffpd;wd. cz;ikiaf; fz;lwpa kiwKfkhf ClftpayhsH fs; khW Ntlkpl;L ,aq;FtJ ek;gfj;jd;ikf;Fg; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jtjdhy; ehsiltpy; xU Njhw;Wg;NghFk; mZFKiwahfNt gy ClftpayhsHfs; ,jid fUJfpd;wdH. ,Njrkak; xUtUila jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; gpuj;jpNaf tho;f;if njhlHgpYk; ,JNghd;w kiwKf Clfg;gzp rHr;iriaf;fpsg;GfpwJ. ,Njrkak; gy Nrhk;Ngwpj;jdkhd Clfg;gzpia Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH.

gj;jphpifahsHfs;

kiwKf

,jd;%yk; Kd;gf;fr; nra;jpfis jk;khy; nfhz;Ltu KbAnkdf; fUJfpd;wdH. vdNt fLikahf ciof;Fk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jp eltbf;ifiatpl kiwKf Clfg;gzp FWf;Ftopfisf; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. kiwKf Clfg;gzp Kw;wpYk; Clf eltbf;iffs; njhlHghf epuhfhpf;fg;gltpy;iy. MapDk; mjid xU Fwpj;j fl;Lg;ghl;by; itg;gJNt Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. vg;NghJ kiwKf Clfg;gzpia Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;Lnkd;gijAk;> thrfHfSf;Fk;> NeaHfSf;Fk; mjidj; njhptpf;f Ntz;baJ gw;wpAk; ,e;Ehy; %d;W tplaq;fis $wp epw;fpd;wJ. mitahtd: • kf;fs; eyd;fUjp nra;jpnahd;iw ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F NtWkhHf;fkpy;yhj epiyapNyNa kiwKf Clfg;gzpia Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

• kiwKf eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lijAk; Fwpj;j nra;jpapy; njhptpf;fNtz;Lk;.

• thrfHfSf;Fk;> NeaHfSf;Fk; kiwKf eltbf;if mtrpak; vd;gijAk; tpsf;fg;gLj;jNtz;Lk;.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

Vd;

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22 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

ghfk; ,uz;L

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfis vOJjy; my;yJ cUthf;Fjy;

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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%d;whk; mj;jpahak;

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfs; gw;wpa rpy Nahridfs; 2006 Mk; Mz;L mNrhfh Nrdhuj;d vd;w mEuhjGuj;ijr; NrHe;j gpuhe;jpa nra;jpahsH> fpuhk kf;fSf;F fwitg; gRf;fis murhq;fk; toq;Ftjpy; jtwhd eilKiw gpd;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sikia mtjhdpj;jhH. ,f;fwitg; gRf;fs; gytPdkhditahfTk;> tajhdjhfTk; epiwFiw thditahfTk; ,Ue;jNjhL ghy; toq;f KbahjitahfTk; fhzg; gl;ld. rpy fwitg;gRf;fs; mit toq;fg;gl;l rpy ehl;fspy; ,we;jpUe;jd. ,J Fwpj;J rpy Nkhrbfisf; fz;L vOJtijtpl Nrdhuj;d Mokhf ,t;tplak; njhlHghf MuhaKw;gl;lhH. ,NjNghy murhq;fk; MLfis toq;fpaNghJk; ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jij mwpe;jpUe;jhH. fpuhkkf;fSf;F thf;FWjpaspf;fg;gl;lJ Nghy jplfhj;jpukhd fhy;eilfSf;Fg; gjpyhf Neha;tha;g;gl;l fhy;eilfs; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd. ,J xU ngUk; gpur;rpid vd;gijAk;> murhq;fk; ,Jgw;wp mwpe;jpUe;jjh vd;gJ gw;wpAk; mtH Nahrpf;fyhdhH. fzf;fha;thsH ehafj;jpd; mYtyfj;ijr; NrHe;j jfty; %ynkhd;wpD}lhf mtH Ma;it Nkw;nfhz;lhH. ,g;gpur;rpid tphpthf Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;L ehlshtpa hPjpapy; ,Jgw;wp Muhag;gl;bUe;jJ. me;j Mtz mwpf;ifia gpu];jhg nra;jpahsH ngw;Wf;nfhz;L Njrpa rpq;fs ehNslhd jpdkpdtpy; mJgw;wp vOjpapUe;jhH. ,jd; tpisthf mEuhjGug; gpuhe;jpa fhy;eil jpizf;fs ,af;FeH mtuJ gjtpapypUe;Jk; ePf;fg;gl;lhH. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; vt;thW Gjpa jfty;fNshL ,aq;FfpwhHfs? jkJ Rw;whly; gw;wpa FiwghLfis mth;fs; kpf mtjhdkhf mtjhdpf;fpwhHfs;. mj;Jld; jkJ nghJ mwpitg; gad;gLj;JtNjhL tplaq;fis kpf epjhdkhf nrtpkLj;Jr; nrayhw;WfpwhHfs; vd;gjw;F Nrduj;dtpd; fij ey;y cjhuzkhFk;.

• mtjhdq;fs; jtpu NtWtifapyhd Gydha;Tr; nra;jp %yq;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd: gpugy mnkhpf;f eifr;Ritahsuhd t+b mnyd; 90 rjtPjkhd ntw;wp vd;gJ ntWk; gfl;Lj;jdNk vd;fpwhH. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jfty;fisg; ngWtjpYk; $l ,J Vw;GilaNj. tof;fkhf gzpfspy; <LgLk; nra;jpahsHfs; jhk; gj;jphpiffspy; 24 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

gpuRhpg;gijtpl Vuhskhdtw;iw mtjhdpf;fpwhHfs;. my;yJ nrtpkLf;fpwhHfs;. ,t;tifapy; md;whl nra;jp jpul;Lk;gzp vd;gJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;liy nghWj;jtiu rpwe;j tha;g;Gfis toq;Ftjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. • nra;jpfisg; gpd;njhlHjy;: nra;jpfis gpd;njhlHjy; vd;gJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj; jpul;lYf;F xU ghykpLtijg; NghypUf;fpd;wJ. xU Gjpa tPjp MW khjq;fSf;F gpd;dH kPsikf;fg;gLk;NghJ gy Nfs;tpfs; vOfpd;wd. NtW vt;tsT jtwhd tPjpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd? ,tw;iw mikg;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;l %yg;nghUl;fs; vd;d? ,tw;iwg; ghtpf;f mDkjpj;jJ ahH? ahH ,g;gzpia Vw;wJ? • Jg;Gj;jUNthH: “tpkHrfHfs;” ,tHfs; vg;NghJk; Gwf;fzpf;fg; gLfpwhHfs;. mjpfhhpfs; - jtwpiog;gjhy; mLj;j kl;lj;jpy; cs;s th;fs; Fok;gp NghapUf;fpwhh;fs;. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfisg; nghWj;jtiu ,e;j ,Ujug;gpdUk; ey;y nra;jp %yq;fshFk;.

• fs Ma;T: mjpfhhpfs; thf;FWjpfis my;yJ mwpf;iffis tpLf;Fk;NghJ> mit gw;wp Vida Mtzq;fs;> jfty;fNshL Gydha;T nra;jpahsh; xg;gpl;Lg; ghHf;fNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJ Kuz;ghlhd tplaq;fs; NknyOk;NghJ> my;yJ Fwpg;gpl;l mjpfhhp njhptpj;jit jtnwd mwpAk; gl;rj;jpy; ehshe;j nra;jpfs; ntsptUtjw;fhd topgpwf;fpwJ. gpd;dH mJNt rpwe;j Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfSf;Fk; topfhl;Ltjhf mikfpwJ. • jdpg;gl;l mDgtk;: nra;jpahsHfSk; kf;fNsahtH. mtHfSk; thpfl;Lfpd;wdH. fk;gdpfSld; njhlHG nfhs;fpd;wdH. mur NritfisAk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. XH mjpfhhpAld; nra;jpahsH xUtH itj;Js;s njhlHG ey;yNjhH Gydha;Tr; nra;jpf;F toptFg;gjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. jd;idr;Rw;wp elf;Fk; khw;wq;fs; gw;wp xU nra;jpahsd; mwpaNtz;batdhfpwhd;. mj;Jld; 'Vd;"; vd;w Nfs;tpiaAk; Nfl;f Ntz;batdhfpwhd;.

• $Lkplq;fs;: nghJthd rpe;jidfisf; fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;stHfs; xd;W $bg; NgRfpwhHfs;. ghuhSkd;w Nfl;NghH $lk; ,jw;F ey;y cjhuzkhFk;. ,q;F Ngrg;gLk; tplaq;fs; gy Gydha;Tr; nra;jpf;fhd ey;y tha;g;Gf;fisj; jUfpd;wJ. • cs;@H $l;lq;fs;: gfpuq;ff; $l;lq;fspy; fye;Jiuahlg;g LgitapypUe;J Gydha;Tr;nra;jpf;fhd gy jfty;fs; fpilf;fpd;wd. gpuhe;jpar; nra;jpahsHfs; gy;NtWgl;l $l;lq;fis jkf;Fhpa jfty;fisg; ngw ehl KbAk;.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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mitahtd: khfhzrig> efurig> gpuNjr rigf;$l;lq;fs;. cs;@H mur rhHgw;w epWtdf;$l;lq;fs;. khtl;l hPjpahf ,UghyhiuAk; ikakhff; nfhz;l td;Kiw jtpHg;Gf; fkpl;bf; $l;lq;fs;. khtl;l mgptpUj;jprigf; $l;lq;fs; Nghd;wd.

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpf;fhd nghJtplaq;fs; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;ly; vg;NghJk; nghJ epjpia jtwhff; ifahStJ gw;wpa jfty;fisr; Nrfhpg;gjhf ,Ug;gjhy;> murhq;f epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; jfty;fisg; ngWtjw;fhd ngUksT tha;g;Gf;fis jUgdthf ,Uf;fpd;wd. nra;jpahsH Nrduj;dtpd; mDgtk; xU ey;y Kd;DjhuzkhFk;. mj;Jld; khfhzq;fspy; mgptpUj;jp vd;w hPjpapy; ,lk;ngWk; Nkhrbfs;> jtwhd jpl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;iwAk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfs; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. rpy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ rpwe;j nra;jpfSf;fhd fsk; fpilf;fpd;wJ. mitahtd.:

Gydha;Tr;

• nghJ Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;: tPjp> tha;f;fhy;> fopTePH Nghf;fpfSf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; xg;ge;jq;fs; nghJthfNt Coy; Nkhrbfs; epiwe;jjhf cs;sd.

• Rfhjhuj;Jiw: Neha; guTjy;> ey;y FbePHtrjpapd;ik> gzpahl;fs; Fiwthd cs;@H itj;jparhiyfs; vd;git Gydha;Tr; nra;jpKaw;rpfSf;F ey;y tha;g;gpiid mspf;fpd;wd.

• NjHjy;fs;: thf;FNkhrb> Ms;khwhl;lk;> mr;RWj;jy;> NjHjy; td;Kiw vd;gitAk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfSf;F tha;g;Gf;fshFk;;.

• fy;tp: ghlrhiy Neuq;fspy; gzpGhpahj MrphpaHfs;> ghlrhiy mDkjpf;fhf ngw;Nwhhplk; yQ;rk; ngWjy;> ghlrhiy Neuk; jtpu NtW Neuq;fspy; jdpahH fy;tpia Cf;Ftpj;J gadilAk; MrphpaHfs; Nghd;wit gw;wpAk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; ftdQ;nrYj;jKbAk;.

• mur nraw;ghLfs;: RUf;fkhff; $wg;Nghdhy;> nghJr;Nrit thf;FWjpfs;;> KjyPl;L Cf;Ftpg;G> kf;fSf;fhd czT kw;Wk; gzf;nfhLg;gdTfs; Nghd;wit Kd;dH Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Nfhl;ghLfs;> thf;FWjpfs;> nraw;ghLfs;> Ghpe;JzHjy; Mfpa ehd;F mk;rq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;lypy; Muhag;glKbAk;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

gpur;rpid: Coy; midj;J Gydha;T nra;jpj;jpul;lYk; nghJj; jd;ikia ikakhff; nfhz;lit. Coiy ntspg;gLj;jy; vd;w Gydha;T nra;jpahsHfs; Coy; gw;wpa rupahd tpsf;fj;ij ngw;wpUf;fNtz;Lk;. nghJj; jPHkhdq;fis nfhr;irg;gLj;Jk; fhuzpfs;> thpg;gz tpuaq;fs;> jpBH mgptpUj;jpj;jpl;lq;fs;> capuhgj;Jf;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; jpl;lq;fs;> nghJeyidg; ghjpj;J [dehafj;Jf;F CWtpistpf;Fk; fhuzpfs; Nghd;wd gw;wpa njspthd Ghpe;JzHitf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. nghJthff; Fwpg;gpLtjhdhy; Coy; vd;gJ xUtH Raeyk; fUjpNah my;yJ jdJ FLk;g> kw;Wk; ez;gHfs; eyd; fUjpNah jdJ gjtpiaNah my;yJ jdJ nraw;ghLfisNah J\;gpuNahfk; nra;tijNa Fwpf;Fk;. ,t;thwhdth;fs; nghJeyidf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;shky; Coy; mjpfhhpfs;> nghJkf;fspd; gzj;ij Nkhrb nra;jy;> kf;fis tQ;rpj;jy;> my;yJ mur ,ae;jpuj;ij jkJ nrhe;j eyd;fSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;JNthuhf ,Uf;fpd;wdH. gy;NtW Kuz;gLepiy: ,J vd;dntd;why; XH mjpfhhp jdpg;gl;l eyd; xd;iwf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ epahakhf flikiar; nra;tJ njhlHghfTk;> rkj;JtkhfTk;> kf;fs; eyd;fUjpajhfTk; Mf;fg+Htkhdjhf nray;gLtJ rk;ge;jkhfTk; Kuz;gl;l epiyia vjpHNehf;Ffpd;whH. cjhuzkhf xU nghJNtiy mjpfhhp xU r%fj;Jf;fhfg; ghynkhd;iw mikg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf Coy;jdj;NjhL jdJ tPl;Lf;F ghijaikf;fpwhH. my;yJ mjpfhhp xUtH twpatHfSf;F mhprp thq;Ftjw;fhf xJf;fg;gl;l gzj;ij jdJ Njitf;fhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhH. ,y;iyNay; twpatHfSf;fhd mhprpia xU jdpahH tHj;jfUf;F toq;fp mt;tHj;jfiu gj;Jklq;F fWg;Gr; re;ijapy; yhgkilaitj;J> mjd; %ykhf jhDk; gadilfpwhH. ,t;thW Coypy; gy;NtW tbtq;fs; cz;L. ngUksT Ml;rpajpfhu tplaq;fs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l ehnlhd;wpy; Coy; ,yFthf Nt&d;wptpLk;. Coiy rhjfkhf elf;Fk;Nghf;F my;yJ tise;J nfhLf;Fk; epiyahf xU fyhrhukhf ghHf;Fk; r%fq;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. cjhuzkhfg; ghHj;jhy;> xU nghJNtiy mjpfhhp ed;F juhjuk;kpf;ftHfSf;F xU Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij toq;fhJ jdJ FLk;gj;jpdhy; elj;jg;gLk; fk;gdpf;F me;j Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij toq;FfpwhH. ,t;thW toq;Ftjd; %yk; jdJ KOf;fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; midj;ijAk; nra;J Kbf;fKbAnkd me;j mjpfhhp thjplyhk;. kf;fspy; rpyH mur CopaHfs; kPJ mDjhgg;gLtJKz;L. Fwpg;ghf nghyp]hH kpff;Fiwthd Ntjdj;Jld; gzpGhptjhy; jkJ tho;f;ifr; Rikfisf; Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;s kl;lufkhd eltbf;iffspy; ,wq;Ffpd;wdH. ,t;thW mDjhgg;gl;L rpe;jpg;gJ jtwhdjhFk;. ,J Nghd;w eltbf;iffs; [dehaf mikg;nghd;wpNy kpfj;jtwhdjhf ,Ug;gNjhL eLj;ju kw;Wk; trjpgilj;NjhUf;fhf Nritahw;Wk; xU

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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eltbf;ifahfNt yQ;rk;> Coiy fUjKbAk;. ,e;j eltbf;if twpatHfSf;nfjpuhd xU Fw;wr;nrayhf miktNjhL> yQ;rk; nfhLf;fNtz;ba epiy fhuzkhf jkJ gps;isfSf;F czT> cil> fy;tp toq;f KbahjpUg;gNjhL kpd;rhuk;> FbePH> nghyp]; ghJfhg;G> mur czT midj;Jf;FNk yQ;rk; toq;FtJ vd;w epiyAk; Vw;gl;LtpLfpwJ. Coy; trjpgilj;NjhUf;Fk; twpatHfSf;Fkpilapyhd ,ilntspia mjpfupj;J tWikiaAk; mjpfupf;fr; nra;fpwJ. mJkl;Lky;yhky; nghJr;Nritfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij kOq;fbj;J kdpj mgptpUj;jp ghijapy; jilfisAk; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.

Coypd; tiffs; If;fpa ehLfs; ];jhgdj;jpd; Nghijt];J kw;Wk; Fw;wtpay; gphptpdhy; Coy; njhlHghf tiuaiw nra;ag;gl;l mk;rq;fs; tUkhW:• ghhpa Coy;: Ml;rpajpfhu epiyfspy; Njrpa murhq;f kl;lq;fspy; ,lk;ngWtNj ghhpa CoyhFk;. ey;yhl;rpapy; ek;gpf;ifaw;w jd;ikia Vw;gLj;JtNjhL> rl;lk; xOq;F> nghUshjhu cWjpg;ghl;ilAk; ,t; Coy; Ml;lq;fhz itf;fpwJ.

• rpwastpyhd Coy;: rpwpastpy; gzk; toq;FjiyNa ,t;Coy; Fwpf;Fk;. mj;Jld; FLk;gj;jpdH> ez;gHfSf;F rYiffis toq;fp rpwpa njhopy;fspy; mkHj;JtJk; ,t; Coypy; rk;ge;jg;gl;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;.

• nraY}f;f/nrayw;w Coy;: nraY}f;f Coy; vd;gJ yQ;rj;ij xUtUf;F toq;Ftijf; Fwpg;gjhFk;. nrayw;w Coy; vd;gJ yQ;rj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;tijf; Fwpg;gjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. • murpay; Coy;: flikfisAk; mjpfhuq;fisAk; %ytsq;fisAk; nghJr; nrhj;Jf;fisAk; mur mjpfhhpfs; my;yJ CopaHfs; jkJ nrhe;j eyd;fSf;fhf J\;gpuNahfk; nra;tijNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;. gyhj;fhuj;ij gpuNahfpg;gjhfTk; yQ;rk; Nfl;gjhfTk; my;yJ yQ;rk; nfhLg;gjhfTk; ,J mike;jpUf;f KbAk;.

• epWtd Coy;: cs;spUe;Njh my;yJ ntspNa ,Ue;Njh epWtdj;ij rhHe;NjhH GhpAk; mjpfhu J\;gpuNahfq;fisNa ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

Coy; eltbf;iffs; • yQ;rk;: xU gad;fUjp epahakw;w Kiwapy; xU tplak; rk;ge;jkhf> my;yJ jPHkhdk; rk;ge;jkhf KiwNflhf nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jjy;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

• tQ;rfk;: ek;gfj;jd;ikNahL xUtH ghJfhg;gpd; nghUl;L toq;fpapUe;j gzk;> nrhj;J vd;gtw;iw jdJ gjtp> me;j];J %ykhf tQ;rfkhf mgfupj;jy;.

• Nkhrb: Nghypahd Kiwapy; nrhy;yhYk;> nrayhYk; nray;gl;L je;jpNuhghaq;fs; %ykhf mePjpahfTk;> NeHikaw;w KiwapYk; gad;ghLfisg; ngWtJ.

• fg;gk;: gaKWj;jpAk;> ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jf;$ba me;juq;ftplaq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf kpul;bAk; gzj;ijNah my;yJ NritfisNah ngWtJ.

• rhHghf ele;Jnfhs;sy;: xU jdpegUf;Nfh my;yJ FOTf;Nfh gjtp> mjpfhuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tpNrl rYiffis toq;Fjy;.

• nrhe;j eyd; Ngzy;: FLk;gj;jtUf;F rYiffis toq;Ftjpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jjy;.

• Kiwaw;w epakdq;fs;: jifik> juhjuk; vd;gtw;iw fUj;jpy; nfhs;shJ ez;gh;fs;> eyd; tpUk;gpfSf;F Kiwaw;w epakdq;fis toq;Fjy;.

• nry;thf;ifg; gpuNahfpj;jy;: murhq;f kw;Wk; murpay; jdpahH Jiwfisr; NrHe;NjhH jkJ cj;jpNahfg+Ht nry;thf;if (,r;nry;thf;F VidNahUf;Ff; fpilg;gjpy;iy) nrhe;jeyd;fSf;fhf gpuNahfpj;jy;.

• cs;shHe;j njhlHghly;: jhk; rhHe;j epWtdj;jpd; me;juq;f jfty;fis cs;NsapUe;jthNw jkJ yhgk; fUjp ntspNa tpw;Wtply;.

• gpuj;jpNafj;jd;ikapd; J\;gpuNahfk;: xUtUf;F toq;fg;gl;l mtuJ me;j];j;Jf;Fhpa gpuj;jpNaf mjpfhuj;ij nrhe;j eyDf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

,Wjp thHj;ij: rpwpajhfr; rpe;jpAq;fs; gpuhe;jpar; nra;jpahsHfs; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj; JiwapypUe;J jk;ik tpyf;fp itj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. Vnddpy; mjid xU nghpa fhupak; vd;W vz;ZfpwhHfs;. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfs; [dhjpgjp my;yJ mtuJ FLk;gk;> mtuJ murpay; rfhf;fs;> caHkl;l mur mjpfhhpfs; gw;wpajhfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd mtHfs; fUJfpwhHfs;. vy;NyhUk; mnkhpf;f th\pq;ld; Ngh];l; nra;jpahsHfshd nghg;t+l;thHl; my;yJ fhHy; ngHd;];Bd; Nghy ,Uf;fKbahJ. ,e;j ,U nra;jpahsHfSk; 1970 Mk; Mz;L mnkhpf;fhtpy; thHl;lH Nfl; Coiy mwpaj;je;jtHfs;. ,jd;%yk; md;iwa mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjp hpr;rHl; epf;]d; jdJ gjtpia ,uh[pdhkhr; nra;a Nehpl;lJ. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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,yq;ifr; nra;jpahsh;fsplk; jkJ gzpfs; Fwpj;J ek;gpf;if apy;yhjpUg;gNjhL> caHkl;lj;jpy; Gydha;T nra;tjw;fhd tsg;gw;whf; Fiw> nray;jpwd; ,y;yhjpUg;gJkl;Lky;yhky; gykpf;ftHfis mZFtJ njhlHgpYk; mr;rKilNahuhf ,Uf;fpd;wdH. mjdhy; jkf;Nfw;glg;NghFk; tpisTfs; gw;wpAk; rpe;jpf;fpd;wdH. ,g;Gj;jfj;jpy; ghJfhg;Gg; gw;wpa mj;jpahaj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJNghy;> nra;jpahsHfs; ghuJ}ukhd nra;jpfis mZFk;NghJ> mr;RWj;jg;gLtJ> jhf;fg;gLtJ> fhzhky;NghtJ> rpiwitf;fg;gLtJ kl;Lky;yhJ nfhy;yg;gLk; mghaj;Jf;FKs;shfpAs;sdH. ,J jtpu> fpuhkg;Gw thrfHfSk; NeaHfSk; ,Jtplakhf mf;fiwf; nfhz;ltHfshf ,y;iy. mtHfs; jkJ tho;thjhu tplaq; fspy; kl;lNk mf;fiw nrYj;JfpwhHfs;. tPjpaikg;G> ghyq;fs;> fy;tpf;$lq;fs; epHkhzpj;jy;> czT tpepNahfk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,lk;ngWk; Coy; fspdhNyNa mtHfs; Neubahf ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdH vd;gijAk; mtHfs; czHtjpy;iy. ,JNghd;w Coy;fs; ,yFthfNt mwpag;gl;L Mtzg;gLj;jg;glf;$bait vd;gJ kl;Lky;yhky; ngUk; Nkhrbfspd; mwpFwpahff; $l ,Uf;fyhk;. ,g;gpur;rpidfs; cupanjhlHGfisf; nfhz;l nfhOk;ig ikakhf itj;J nray;gLk; nry;thf;Fg;gilj;j gj;jphpifahsHfSld; ,ize;J Nkyjpf tpguq;fisj; jpul;lTk; cjtpaspg;gjhfTkpUf;Fk;. ,e;epiyapy; ,yq;ifr; nra;jpahsHfs; mwpaNtz;baJ ahnjdpy; rpwpa jfty;fs; ftHr;rpfukhdit. ,r;rpwpastpyhd Gydha;Tj;jfty;fs; %yk; mtHfs; jkJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jp jpul;Lk; jpwid $Hikg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sKbAk;. mj;Jld; jhk; rhHe;j r%fj;Jf;Fk; cld; gyd;fpl;lf;$ba NritiaAk; nra;aKbAk;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

ehd;fhk; mj;jpahak;

nra;jpf;fhd fsk; mikj;jYk; nkU$l;lYk; gpd;dzpaikj;jy; XU Gydha;Tr; nra;jp gw;wpa jfty; fpilf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; nra;jpahsH xUtH mJgw;wpj; jdJ gj;jphpifahrphpaiu mZFtjw;F Kd;gjhf> mj;jfty; gw;wpa gpd;dzp gw;wp tpiuthf mwpa Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb nra;Ak; NghJ kpf mtjhdkhfTk; kiwKfkhfTk; mjid nra;aNtz;Lk;.

Muk;gj;jpNyNa rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfsplk; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;gJk; Ngl;bfs; fhz Kaw;rpg;gJk; $lhJ. rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhupfs; Rjhupj;Jf;nfhz;L cupa Mtzq;fis my;yJ jtWfis kiwg;gjw;Fk; re;jHg;gk; toq;ff;$lhJ. ,jw;Fg; gjpyhf nra;jpahsH> ,uz;lhk; epiy jfty; %yj;jpd; Clhf jdJ ,yf;if milaKbAk;. ngUk;ghyhd jfty;fis nra;jpahsH gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ciufs;> Ma;Tf;fl;Liufs;> murhq;f> epWtd mwpf;iffs; tpjpKiwfs; Nghd;w gfpuq;f Mtzq;fs; %ykhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

Muk;g gpd;dzpaikj;jy;: ,yf;F itf;fg;gl;l mjpfhhp my;yJ epWtdk; my;yJ Kd;dH ntspahd jfty;fs; vd;git gw;wpr; nra;jpahsUf;F nghJthd xU cj;Njrj;ij ngWtjw;fhd Neuj;ijg; ngWtjhf ,J mike;jpUf;Fk;. ,J Nghd;w gpd;dzpaikf;Fk; eltbf;ifia mYtyfj;jpy; NtWgzpfsw;w Xa;T Neuj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.

Vida topKiwfshtd: • gj;jpupif fhg;gfq;fs;: “#hpaDf;Ff; fPNo vJTk; Gjpajhf ,y;iy" vd;gJ gonkhopahFk;. MuhatpUf;fpd;w tplak; my;yJ mjpfhup njhlHghf xU nra;jp epWtdkhapDk; rpy tplaq;fisahtJ vOjpapUf;ff;$ba tha;g;Gfs; ,Uf;fNt nra;Ak;. vdNt nra;jpahsH jdJ jfty; Fwpj;J Vw;fdNt mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Lk; gpd;njhlug;gl;buhj tplaq;fis Njbg;ngWtNjhL mtw;iw ed;F myrp MuhaNtz;Lk;.

• fk;gpa+l;lH %ykhd Njly;: mnkhpf;fhtpy; nyf;]p]; - nef;]p]; (Lexis-Nexis) vd;w fk;gpa+l;lH epWtdk; rl;l kw;Wk; Mtzf;fhg;gf Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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Nritfis toq;Ffpd;wJ. nra;jpahsHfs; gy;NtW fhg;gfq;fis jw;NghJ ,izaj;jsq;fs; %ykhf mZfKbAk;. 2006 Mk; Mz;by; nyf;]p]; - nef;]p]; epWtdk; cyfpy; mjpfstpyhd fzzpkag;gLj;jg;gl;l rl;l kw;Wk; Vida nghJthd Mtzq;fis gjpT nra;J itj;jpUe;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. • ,yq;if Njrpa nghJE}yf rig: mZfg;gLfpd;w epWtdnkhd;wplk; chpa jfty;fisg; ngwKbahjtplj;J> nra;jpahsHfs; tphpthd jfty;fisg; ngWtjw;F gw;wp nghJ E}yfq;fis mZfKbAk;.

• $fps; ,izaj;jsk;: $fps; %ykhf jfty;fisj; NjLtJ kpfTk; ,yFthd KiwahFk;. ,jd;%yk; Kjy; ,U my;yJ %d;W gf;fq;fisg; ghHj;J gpd;dzpj; jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sKbAk;.

Mokhd gpd;dzpiaj; NjLjy;: jdJ nra;jp gw;wp Muha;tjw;fhd mDkjp fpilj;jJk;> nra;jpahsH MuhaTs;s tplaj;jpd; gpd;dzpia NjlKw;gLfpwhH. jdJ jfty; ,yf;Fgw;wpa rl;lg;gpur;rpid> Nfhl; ghLfs; kw;Wk; mJ gw;wpa topj;njhlHGfs; vd;gtw;NwhL jdJ Njly; Fwpj;J nra;jpahsH ghpr;rakhf Kw;gLfpwhH. FWfpa fhyg;gFjpapy; jdJ gpd;dzpj;jfty;fSf;Fhpa mYtyH my;yJ epWtdk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l rl;ljpl;lq;fs;> eilKiwfs; vd;git gw;wpr; nra;jpahsH mwpe;Jnfhs;fpwhH. vjw;fhf ,t;tsT ePz;l J}uk; nry;yNtz;Lk;? Vnddpy;> Mokhd gpd;dzp Fwpj;J Muha;jyhdJ gy ed;ikfisf;nfhz;Ls;sJ. mjd; nraw;ghLfs; nra;jpj;jpul;lYld; gy mk;rq;fis ,izj;jjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. • xU gykhd epiyapy; ,Ue;J nra;jp Nrfhpg;ig Nkw;nfhs;s nra;jpahsUf;F toptpLfpwJ. • jdf;F ngha;ahd jfty;fs; fpilg;gij nra;jpahsUf;F mwpa jUfpd;wJ. • xU nra;jpahsH Kl;lhshf;fg;gLtijj; jLf;fpd;wJ. • jdf;F fpilf;fpd;w Fwpj;j Mtzq;fs; Kf;fpa tplaq;fisj; jUfpd;wd.

• Coy;fs; rk;ge;jkhf fz;fis jpwf;fitf;fpwJ. mj;Jld; rl;lepajpfspypUe;J tpyfpr;nry;Yk; NghJ vr;rhpf;ifiaAk; tpLf;fpd;wJ.

mDkhdk; xU nra;jpahsH jdJ mtjhdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ> nra;jpnahd;W gw;wp mjd; epHkhzk; Fwpj;Jk; gpd;dzpj;jfty;fNshL ntw;wplq;fis epug;g jahuhfpwhH. ,J tplaj;jpy; jdf;Fhpa jftYf;fhd njhdpg;nghUis> vz;zf;fUit my;yJ Njlypd; mbg;gilia mDkhdpf;fpd;whH. ,jidNa ,q;F mDkhdk; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;Nwhk;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

tpQ;Qhdpfs; Kjypy; mDkhdpf;fpd;wdH. mjd;gpd; fl;Lg;ghlhd ghpNrhjidfs; %yk; cz;ikfis mwpa Kidfpd;wdH. ,J Nghd;Nw Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfSk; mDkhdpf;fpd;wdH. cz;ikia mwpa tphpthd Kiwapy;> Mtzq;fisAk;> NeHfhzy;fisAk; mtjhdkhf ifahSfpd;wdH. mDkhdpg;gjw;fhd ,yF Kiw vd;dntdpy; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;l 4-p vd;w mZFKiwia gad;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,e;j mDkhdk; vd;gJ nra;jpahsH ahiu ,yf;fhf fUJfpwhNuh mtupd;; Nfhl;ghL> jd;ik> thf;FWjpfs; vd;gitAld; mtupd; nraw;ghLfs;> Mtzq;fs; kw;Wk; mtUldhd NeHfhzy;fs; vd;gdtw;wpD}lhf mtiu ghPl;rpf;fpd;whH. gRkhLfs; tplaj;jpy; nra;jpahsH Nrdhuj;d cj;jpNahfg+Htkhf tpthpf;fg;gl;l epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ,e;j mDkhdj;ij nfhz;bUf;fyhk;. mJ ,t;thwhd KiwapYk; mike;jpUf;fKbAk;. mDkhdk;: gRkhl;Lj;jpl;lk; xU MNuhf;fpakhd 100 fpNyh fpuhk; vilAs;s gRit xt;nthU fpuhkpa FLk;gj;Jf;Fk; rpW fldbg;gilapy; gz;izfis mgptpUj;jp nra;a toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 20 fpNyh fpuhk; vilf;Ff;Fiwahj> MNuhf;fpakhd MLfisAk; ,iwr;rpf;fhf tpw;gid nra;tjw;nfd tsHg;gjw;Fk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. nra;jpahsH jdJ ftdj;ij nrYj;jpdhH. Fwpj;j fhy;eilfis mtjhdpj;jNjhL> gz;izahsHfSlDk; ciuahbapUe;jhH. mg;NghJ jhd; mDkhdpj;jij (nraw;ghL kw;Wk; thf;FWjp) vd;gtw;Wld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghh;j;jhh;. Gjpa jfty;fis mwpe;jNghJ jdJ mDkhdj;ij mtH khw;wpf;nfhz;lhH. mtH gpur;rpid fwit khL rk;ge;jg;gl;ljhfTk; MLfNshL rk;ge;jg;gltpy;iy vd mwpe;jpUe;jhy; fPo;fz;lthW mtH jdJ mDkhdj;ij nfhz;bUf;fKbAk;. gz;gl;l mDkhdk;: cWjpaspj;jJNghy MNuhf;fpakhd MLfis muR toq;fpapUe;jNghjpYk; fpuhkj;jtUf;F mEuhjGuj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;l ngUkstpyhd gRf;fs; thf;FWjpaspf;fg;gl;ljw;F khwhf 100 fpNyh fpuhKf;Fk; Fiwthditahf> Neha;tha;g;gl;Lk;> tajhdjhAk; ghy; juKbahjitahfTk; ,Ue;jd. mDkhdk;; vd;w ,e;j mZFKiw xU Gjpa mk;rkhf fhzg; gl;lhYk;> mJ mg;gbahdjy;y. gy tUlfhykhf gpujhd gj;jphpif fs; jkJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfsplk; mtHfs; ,Jtiu mwpa te;Js;sdtw;iwAk; kw;Wk; vjid fz;lwpag;NghfpwhH vd;gJ gw;wpAk; Fwpg;Gfis jUk;gbAk; RUf;fkhf tpsf;fkspf;Fk;gbAk; Nfl;Fk; tof;fj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sd. ve;j ngahpy; miof;fg;gl;lNghjpYk; mDkhd mZFKiw Nrfhpf;fg;glNtz;ba jfty; rk;ge;jkhf xU RUf;fkhd mwpf;ifiaf; nfhz;bUf;fNtz;baJ mtrpak;. v MH I. N[ mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy mDkhdk; vd;gJ nra;jpahsupd; Fwpg;gpy; mlq;Fk; tplak; kpfr;rupahdjhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lnkd;gjy;y. ,q;F vjpHghHf;fg;gLtnjy;yhk; nra;jpahsH NeHikahfTk; jdJ tplaq;fs;

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gw;wp jpl;ltl;lkhfTk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lnkd;gNj. mj;Jld; ,J nra;jpahsH mtuJ ,Wjp nra;jp mwpf;ifapid xg;gilf;Fk;NghJ tpQ;Qhd Ma;T Nghd;w Ma;tpd; mbg;gilapy; jahhpj;Js;sijAk; cWjpnra;fpd;wJ.

nra;jpf;fhd fskikj;jy; nra;jpahsHfs; rupahd Kiwapy; fskikj;jpuhj fhuzj;jpdhy; Kf;fpakhd gy Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfs; ,ileLtpNyNa iftplg;gLfpd;wd. my;yJ jkJ NkyhsHfs; Vw;ff;$bla Kiwapy; mtw;iw toq;f KbahJs;sd. ,J Clfj;Jiwapy; Kf;fpakhdNjhH mk;rkhFk;.

Gydha;T nra;jp ntspaPl;by; mDgtk;tha;e;j gpugykhd epWtdq;fs; gytw;wpYk;$l nra;jpahsHfs; jhk; Gydha;T nra;aTs;s tplak; gaDs;sJ vd;W jkJ Nkyjpfhupfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;sr; nra;aNtz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. xU nra;jpapid Gydha fskikg;gnjd;gJ nra;jpahsH xUtH jdJ MrphpaUld; nfhz;Ls;s cwitg; nghWj;jtplak;. gpuhe;jpa nra;jpahsUf;F ,J ,yFthd tplaky;y.

Vnddpy; mtH njhiytpYs;s gpuhe;jpaj;jpypUe;J nray;gLtjhy; nghWg;ghrphpaNuhL NeUf;FNeH njhlHG nfhs;sKbahJs;shH. mjp$bajhf> xU gpuhe;jpa nra;jpahsupdhy; gpuhe;jpa nra;jpfSf;F nghWg;ghsiu kl;LNk re;jpf;f KbAk;. jdJ Gydha;T nra;jpf;F mDkjpaspf;ff;$ba rpNu\;l MrphpaUldhd njhlHG mr;nra;jpahsUf;F kpf mG+Htkhf fpilf;fpwJ. nrhe;j eyidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L jdJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpia mJFwpj;j murpay;thjpf;Nfh my;yJ epWtdj;Jf;Nfh mg;nghWg;ghrphpaH njhptpj;J jkf;F gpur;rpidia cz;L gz;ZthNuh vd;w mr;rKk; nra;jpahsUf;Fz;L. MapDk; xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jptplak; njhlHghf jdJ Mrphpahpd; cjtp xU gpuhe;jpar; nra;jpahsUf;F epr;rak; Njit. rpyNeuq;fspy; xU Kf;fpa egUldhd Ngl;bia MrphpaH jdJ nra;jpahsUf;F Vw;ghL nra;a KbAk;. my;yJ xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsUf;F nra;jp mYtyfj;jpYs;s neUf;Fjypy; ,Ue;J fhg;ghw;Wtjw;fhf Gydha;tpypUe;J mfw;wp md;whl nra;jpf;fhf epakpf;f KbAk;. vJ vg;gbahapDk;> xU nra;jpahsUf;F mtuJ Gydha;T nra;jpf;fhf nra;jpaiwapy; xU ey;y cWjpahd Nkyhshpd; cjtp Njitg;gLtjhfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ. xU gpuhe;jpa nra;jpahsH Kaw;rpAs;stuhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; Fwpj;j Gydha;Tr;nra;jp nghJ ed;ik fUjpajhf mike;jpUf;fpd;wnjd;gij ed;F tpsf;fp> Fwpj;j nra;jp ];jhgdj;jplk; mjd; ftdj;ijAk;> Neuj;ijAk; mr;nra;jpapd; gf;fk; jpUg;gitg;gjhfTk; mike;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpf;fhd mDkjpiag; ngWtjw;fhd topKiwfs; vd;W tpNrlkhff; Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;tjw;F vJTk; ,y;yhjNghjpYk; gpd;tUk; topKiwfs; cjtf; $Lk; : 34 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

• czuitj;jy;: nra;jpahshpd; NkyhsUk; mDkjpiag; ngwNtz;ba Nkyjpfhupfs; cs;sdH. vdNt jdJ eltbf;if rk;ge;jkhf njspthd jpl;ltl;lkhd Fwpg;Gfs;> jfty;fis jdJ MrphpaUf;F GhpAk; tpjj;jpy; cWjpahd tifapy; toq;fNtz;Lk;.

• Kd; mwpf;if: jhd; Nrfhpf;Fk; jfty;fs; njhlHghf jdJ MrphpaH tpdTk; Nfs;tpfSf;F cWjpahd gjpiy toq;Fk; gpd;Gyk; nra;jpahsUf;F Njit.

• fl;Lf;Fs;shd vjpHghHg;G: nra;jpahsHfs; gy rkaq;fspy; jkJ nra;jp rk;ge;jkhf mjpfkhf tu;zpg;gjhy;> jhk; vjpHghHj;j gyd; fpilf;fhj gl;rj;jpy;> Mgj;Jf;fis vjpHnfhs;tJz;L. Mdhy; rhJhpak; kpf;f nra;jpahsHfs; rpwpjhdhYk; epiwaNt tplajhdq;fSld; jdJ Nkyjpfhhpf;F tpsf;fk; mspj;JtpLth;. nra;jpahsH Fiwe;jgl;rk; x vd;w ghj;jpuk; njhlHghd fijis vjpHghHf;f KbAk; vd;Wk; midj;JNk ed;F nraw;gl;lhy;> x kw;Wk; y $lNt z gw;wpa nra;jpfisAk; ngwKbAk; vdTk; njhptpg;ghH. ,e;j eilKiwrhj;jpakhd mZFKiwia mtuJ NkyhsUk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tNjhL nra;jpahsiu myl;rpak; nra;a KbahjtuhfTk; fUJthH. • fhytiuaiwia tFj;jy;: ntWkNd xU tplaj;ij Muk;gpf;fhJ fhytiuaiwnahd;iw tFj;Jr; nraw;gLtNj gadspg;gjhf mikAk;. jpfjpnahd;iw ,yf;F itj;J mjw;fikthf ,aq;f Ntz;Lk;.

• cs;thq;Fjy;: ePq;fs; njhpT nra;Js;s Gydha;T nra;ag; NghFk; tplak; rpwe;jjhf ,Ug;gpd; cq;fSf;F cjtpahf Nkyhsh; kw;nwhutiu epakpj;jhy; mjw;F mDkjp mspAq;fs; gpuhe;jpar; nra;jpahsUf;F cjtpahf nfhOk;G nra;jp $lj;jpy; xUtiu Nkyhsh; epakpj;jhy; mDkjpAq;fs;. ,jd;%yk; mDgtkpf;f nfhOk;Gr; nra;jpahsUld; ,ize;J Mf;fg+Htkhf gzpahw;w KbAk;. nghJeyNd Kf;fpakhf fUjg;gLtjhy; nra;jpapy; vtH ngaH Kd;epiyg;ngw;why; vd;d vd;w gue;j kdg;ghd;ikapd; fhuzkhf nra;jp mytyfj;jpDs; nra;jpahsH jdJ rpwg;gpidAk; nfsutj;jpidAk; tsHj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

• glf;fhl;rpfs;: nra;jpfs; jug;gLk;NghJ Gifg;glq;fs;> tPbNah fhl;rpfs;> juTfs; vd;gtw;iw toq;Fk; nra;jpahsH jkJ eltbf;ifapy; ntw;wpngWfpwhH.

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Ie;jhk; mj;jpahak;

kdpj nra;jp %yq;fs; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfspd; Muk;gKk; KbTk; kdpj jfty; %yq;fspNyNa jq;fpAs;sd. kdpj %yq;fs; murhq;fJiw my;yJ nghJ mjpfhhp xUtuJ J\;gpuNahfk; njhlHghfj; jUk; Jg;G %ykhfNt Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahshpd; gzp Muk;gkhfpwJ. Vuhskhd kf;fs;> epGzHfs;> rhl;rpfs;> eltbf;ifahsHfs;> ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhhplkpUe;J fpilf;Fk; jfty;fs; %yNk ,Wjp mwpf;iffs; KbTWfpd;wd. ,e;j cz;ikahd kdpj Kfq;fSk; Fuy;fSNk Coypd; cz;ik epiyia vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wd.

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpNrfhpg;Gf;F gyjug;gl;l %yq;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. gyjug;gl;l jfty;fspd; cz;ikj;jd;ikapid cWjpnra;a kdpj %yq;fis kpff; ftdkhd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jjy; Gydha;T nra;jp Nrfupg;gpy; mDgt uPjpahf ngwg;gl;l kughFk;. xU Gydha;T nra;jpahsH Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd;NghJ xUtH ,UtuplkpUe;J kl;Lky;yhky; gyjug;gl;ltNuhL MNyhrpf;fNtz;bAs;sJ. jdJ nra;jpia ed;F tbtikf;fTk;> cz;ikj; jfty;fis ntspg;gLj;jTk;> tphpthd Kiwapy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jTk; gyjug;gl;l %yq;fs; cWJizahfpd;wd. xU rpwe;j Gydha;Tr; nra;jp jFe;j Mtz Mjhuq;fis kl;Lky;yhJ Nkyjpf Mjhuq;fis nfhz;bUe;jNghJk; mjw;F Fiwe;jgl;rk; ehd;F ey;y ngWkhdKs;s kdpj %yq;fs; mtrpak; vd;gJ epajpahFk;. cs;spUg;NghH: Jg;Gj;jUNthNu cs;spUg;NghH vdf; $wg;gLfpd;wdH. ,tHfs; mur epWtdq;fSf;Fs;Sk; mur mjpfhhpfSlDk; neUf;fkhf ,Ug;gtHfshFk;. nra;jpahsHfSld; NgRtjw;F gy fhuzq;fspd; epkpj;jk; ,tHfs; J}z;lg;glyhk;. mtHfs; xU epHthfj;Jiw vjpuhspia ghjpg;Gwr;nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; jfty;fisf; frpatpl KbAk;. jkf;F fpilf;fNtz;ba gjtp caHT kw;Wk; Vida rYifs; fpilf;fhikahNyh my;yJ eilngWk; jtwpid rfpf;f KbahJ fUj;Jf;fs; ntspapl;ljd; fhuzkhf gjtpapwf;fk; nra;ag;gl;ljhNyh tQ;rk; jPHg;gjw;fhfTk; mtHfs; ,t;thW jtWfis Rl;bf;fhl;lKbAk;. ngUk;ghyhNdhH jkJ kdr;rhl;rpapd; epkpj;jk; elf;fpd;wdH. jk;ikr; #o elf;Fk; Coy;> mJFwpj;J gyte;jkhf jhk; rk;ge;jg;glNtz;ba epiy fhuzkhf mtHfs; cz;ikahfNt Fok;gpg;NghAs;sdH. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; jkJ tho;f;ifg; gpur;rpid fhuzkhfTk;> ntspg;gilahf vjidAk; mur Gydha;thsHfSf;F njhptpg;gjpy;iy. murpay; midj;ijAk; ,Wjpapy; %bkiwj;JtpLk; vd;ij mtHfs; mwptH. vdNt ,j;jifatHfs; Clfg;Gydha;thsHfs; %ykhf

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

Coy;gw;wp mwpaj;je;J mjd; %yk; Gjpa khw;wq;fis nfhz;Ltu tpUk;Gfpd;wdH. Nehf;fk; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wp nghUl;gLj;j Ntz;Lkh? Mk;/ ,y;iy vd;w gjpy;fs; ,uz;LNk ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.

Mk; vd;w gjpy; Vnddpy; xUtH jfty; xd;iw jphpGg;gLj;jNth my;yJ gf;fr;rhHghdjhf njuptpf;fNth Kidaf;$Lk;. xU nra;jpahsH jhd; cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLtijNah> Ml;Ltpf;fg;gLtijNah tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. ,jd;fhuzkhf xUtH frpatpLk; jftiy kl;Lk; ek;gpapuhJ mJgw;wpa gyjug;gl;l %yq;fis xU nra;jpahsH mZFfpwhH. frpatplg;gLk; jfty;fs; rpy rkaq;fspy; Mgj;jhdit. Vnddpy;> kf;fSf;F mwpaj;ju Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;Jldy;yhky;> jdpg;gl;l gifikfSf;fhfg; gopjPHf;f jfty;fs; frpatplg;glyhk;. ,jd; tpisT jphpGg;gLj;jg;gl;l jftypd; fhuzkhf mjd; ngWkjpia ,of;fpd;wJ. ,y;iy vnddpy; xU Jg;igj;jUgtH toq;Ffpd;w jftypd; juj;Jf;F Kd;dhy; mtH Nehf;fk; Kf;fpakhdjy;y. ,e;j tifapy;> Jg;Gj;jUgthpd; eltbf;if xU nra;jpahsUf;F rhpahd ek;gfj;jd;ikahd jfty;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;s topaikf;Fkhapd; mtuJ Nehf;fk; vj;jifajhfpDk; nghUl;gLj;Jtjw;fpy;iy. vg;gbahdNghJk; jdf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; jfty;fis rhpahd tifapy;> chpa Mtzq;fs;> juTfs; %yq;fSld; Muha;e;J ey;y fr;rpjkhd> ek;gfj;jd;ikahd jftiy Rje;jpukhd nra;jp %yq;fs;> Ngl;bfs; %ykhf toq;FtJ nra;jpahshpd; flikahFk;. ntWkNd nra;jpf;fhd cs;spUg;NghuplkpUe;J NtW KbAk;.

jfty;fis ngWtJkl;Lky;yhJ> gy tplaq;fisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

• tuyhW: Fwpj;j nra;jp gw;wpa tuyhw;Wj; jfty;fs; cl;gl rkhr;rhuq;fspy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l egHfs;> mtHfsJ nraw;ghLfs; vd;gitgw;wp mwpaj;jUtjpy; cs;spUg;NghH ey;y %yq;fshtH. • tiuglk;;: nra;jpahsUf;F xU epWtdj;jpd; gpujhdpfs; gw;wpAk;> mjd; Mtzq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida gj;jpuq;fs; ahuplkpUe;J vtUf;F nry;fpwJ Nghd;w tplaq;fis mwpa cjt KbAk;.

• topfhl;b: xU Fwpj;j gpur;rpid> mjid ifahSNthiu ,dq;fhZtJ> nra;jpahsuhy; ve;j Mtzk; Ntz;lg;gl Ntz;Lk; Nghd;w jfty;fspd; %yk; cs;spUg;NghH cjtKbAk;.

• ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;: cs;Ns ,Uf;Fk; Mtzq;fis cs;spUg;NghH ngw;Wf;nfhLf;f KbAk;. ,jpy; ,Wjp mk;rk; Kf;fpakhdJ. Vnddpy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;lypy; Coy; rk;ge;jkhf cWjpahd Mjhuq;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. jkf;Fj;

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Njitahd Mtzq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sNt kdpj %yq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; mit fpilj;jJk; %yq;fs; mHj;jkw;W tpLfpd;wd. ,Ug;gpDk;> jpul;lg;gl;l Gydha;Tj;jfty; Clfq;fspy; ntspahFk;NghJ mk;kdpjr; nra;jp %yq;fspd; me;juq;fj;jd;ikia ghJfhg;gJk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahshpd; flikahFk;. cs;spUg;NghH %ykhf jfty;fisg; ngWtjpYk; mtjhdk; Njit jdf;Fj; Njitahd jfty;fisg; ngWk;NghJ kpfkpf vr;rupf;ifahf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. rl;ltpNuhjkhd KiwapYk;> jpULk;; tpjj;jpYk; jdJ nra;jp%yj;ij xU nra;jpahsH ngwyhfJ. mj;Jld; jfty;fisg; ngw nra;jp %yj;Jf;F nra;jpahsH gzNkh md;gspg;Ngh toq;fyhfhJ. kPbah NfhHgNu\dpd; ntha;];nka;y; Jz;lhlg;gl;lJ njhlHghd Gusp ‘j epA]; xg; j NtHy;l;’ Clf epWtdk; %lg;gLtjw;fhd fhuzkhf mike;jJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,jid rl;l eilKiw> xOq;F tpjpKiwfs; kPwg;gLtjhy; Vw;glf;$ba tpisT gw;wpa XH vr;rhpf;ifahfTk; nfhs;sKbAk;. ntspapypUg;NghH: ,tHfs; ngUk;ghYk; xU epWtdj;jpd; Kd;dhs; CopaHfshfNth my;yJ mJNghd;w epWtdq;fspd; mjpfhupfshfNth my;yJ fy;tpkhd;fshfNth my;yJ ntspthup JiwrhH epGzHfshfNth ,Uf;f KbAk;. Kd;dhs; FLk;g cWg;gpduhff;$l ,Uf;fyhk;. mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;l epWtdj;JlNdh my;yJ mjd; mjpfhupfSlNdh Neub rk;ge;jkw;wpUg;gpDk;> mJtplakhf tpNrl jfty;fisAk; epGzj;Jt mwptpidAk; nfhz;bUf;ff;$Lk;. eilngWk; Coy;fs; njhlHghf tpsf;fkspj;J mHj;jk; nfhLf;f mtHfshy; KbAk;. kf;fisg; Ngritg;gJ: kuGKiw nra;jpj;Jiwapy; cj;jpNahfG+Ht mjpfhupfs; jfty;fis RakhfNt nra;jpahsUf;F toq;Ffpd;wdH. ,it mNefkhf mtHfspd; jpl;lq;fs;> nraw;ghLfs;> ,yf;Ffs; njhlHghd gpurhuq;fshfNt ,Uf;Fk;. jfty;fspypUe;J nra;jpfis kpf ,yFthfNt ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdH. Nfs;tpfSk; Ntz;lg;gLk; tpsf;fq;fSk; murpd; gpurhuj;Jf;F rhHgha; ,Ug;gpd; vt;tpj gpur;rpidAkpd;wp gjpy;fSk; tpsf;fq;fSk; fpilf;Fk;. nra;jpahsHfSk; nrhy;yg;gl;lij mg;gbNa vLj;Jf;nfhs;tH. MapDk;> Gydha;T nra;jpahsH mg;gb nra;akhl;lhH. nra;jpahsH khehnlhd;wpy; gfpuq;fkhff; fUj;Jf;$wpa XH mjpfhhp Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH; XUth; nra;jpahsh;fs; kj;jpapy; ,Ug;gij mwpe;jJk; mikjpaile;JtpLfpwhH. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH xUNtis mq;fpUe;J ntspNaw;wg;glTk;$Lk;. njd;dhrpag; gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; Vida ehLfisg;Nghy; ,yq;ifapYk; ,j;jfty; jpul;Lk; Kiw rpukkhdjhFk;. Vnddpy; gy mur epWtdq;fspd; nraw;ghLfs; kf;fs; fz;fSf;F kiwf;fg;gl;L> jpiukiwtpy;> me;juq;fkhfNt eilngWfpd;wd. xU epWtdj;jpd; mjpKf;fpa jfty;fs; me;epWtdj;jpd; caHkl;lj;jpd; ,ilepiyapy; ,Ug;gij Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; mwptH. ,e;j ,ilepiy mjpfhhpfs; jkf;F fPNo cs;NshH gw;wpAk;> mNjrkak;

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

jkf;F NkYs;NshH gw;wpAk; vd;d nra;fpwhHfs; vd;gij mwpe;J itj;Js;sdH. jkf;F ghjpg;G Vw;glyhk; vd;w gaj;jpdhy; Coy; kw;Wk; jtwhd eltbf;iffis Rl;bf;fhl;l kf;fs; Kd;tUtjpy;iy. ,ilepiy mjpfhhpfis Ngritg;gJk; rpukkhd eltbf;ifahFk;. Vnddpy; mtHfs; jkJ gjtpfSf;F Mgj;J Vw;glhjthW ele;J nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,jid ClWj;J mjD}lhf jfty;fisg; ngWtjpy; fhyNeuj;jpid mjpfkhf nrytpl NehpLk;. mj;Jld; tpNrl jpwDk; Njitg;gLfpwJ. mnkhpf;f Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsuhd vhpf; ey;jhH vd;gtH> “cjLfis ,yFgLj;JtJ” vd;w tptuzj;jpy; (gpw;NrHf;ifapy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ) rpy topKiwfis njhptpf;fpd;whH. ntw;wpfukhf nra;jp jpul;LNthH jkJ jfty;fs; njhlHghf gy;NtW topKiwfisf; ifahSfpd;wdH. • $fps;: xUtiu Ngl;b fhzr;nry;YKd; mtH rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fis $fpspy; Njbg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAkh vd;W ghUq;fs;. mtH vOjpa tplaq;fs; VjhtJ gj;jpupiffspy; te;Js;sdth> mtH FLk;g mq;fj;jtupd; kuzr;nra;jp vjhtJ gpuRukhfpAs;sdth my;yJ mtH vOjpa epGzj;Jt fl;Liu VjhtJ ntspahfpAs;sjh vd;gij mwpe;J nry;Yq;fs;. ,J Ngl;bapd; Muk;gj;Jf;fhd ey;yNjhH mbj;jskha; mikAk;.

• Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kidjy;: Nyhud;]; iul; vd;w vOj;jhsH Ghpe;JzHjiy tpl ve;jnthU cstpay; rf;jpAk; Nkk;gl;ljy;y vd;W $WfpwhH. xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH jdJ nra;jp %yj;ij fLikahd njhdpapy; mZfKw;gl;lhy; ey;ygyidg; ngwKbahJ. Mdhy; mikjpahfTk;> mtjhdj;NjhLk; jfty; jUk; xUtiu ehLk;NghJ mtH Mw mku jdJ Nehf;fk;> mDgtk; Fwpj;J kdk; jpwe;J NgRthH. “Vd; ,g;gb ele;jnjd cz;ikapy; ehd; mwpa tpUk;GfpNwd;" vd;W $Wk;NghJ mtuplkpUe;J ngWkjptha;e;j gy jfty;fisg; ngwKbAk;.

• gr;ir - rptg;G tpsf;Ffs;: fNdba Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsUk;> vOj;jhsUk; Ngl;b fhz;gjpy; epGzUkhd N[hd; rtw;];fp vd;gtH jkJ nra;jp %yq;fis Ngl;bfhZk; tpjj;jpNyNa nra;jpahsHfs; jj;jkf;F ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wdH vd;W ek;Gfpd;whH. rptg;G> gr;ir tpsf;F Nfs;tpfs; vd;gJ nra;jpahsuJ Nfs;tp Nfl;Fk; mZFKiw rhHe;jJ. rptg;G tpsf;F Nfs;tpfs; vd;gJ gjpYiug;gtiu Mk;> ,y;iy vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs; khj;jpuk; itj;JtpLfpwJ. rptg;G tpsf;FKiw NeubahfNt mg;gzj;ij ePq;fs; vLj;jJ cz;ikah vdf; Nfl;gij Fwpf;fpwJ. “,y;iy” vd;W xNu thHj;ijapy; gjpy; tUfpwJ. Mdhy; gr;irtpsf;F Kiwapy;> Nfl;gJ Ngl;bfhzg;gLgtiu tphpthf> njspthf gjpyspf;f Jhz;LfpwJ. ,j;jifa Nfs;tpfs; vt;thW? Vd;? vg;gb? vd;w hPjpapy;> mg;gzk; vt;thW kiwe;jJ? cq;fSf;F ,J vg;gbj; njhpAk; vdf;Nfl;Fk;NghJ mtiu tpsf;fkhf gjpyspf;fj; Jhz;LfpwJ.

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• nkJthf mZfy;: mtrug;glNtz;lhk;. vLj;j vLg;gpNyNa jdJ Ngl;bia Muk;gpf;fNtz;Lnkd;w epajp nra;jpahsUf;F ,y;iy. xUtH nry;thf;Filatuhf my;yJ czHr;rptrg;gLgtuhf ,Ue;jhy; nkJthf> epjhdkhf mtiu mZfTk;. Ngl;bapd; Kjy;ghfj;ij Fryk; tprhhpg;gNjhL MWjyhf Ngl;b jUgtiu Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy; Muk;gpf;fTk;. Ngl;b jUgtiu cw;rhfg;gLj;j XhpU Ngl;bfs; $l rpy rkaq;fspy; Njitg;glyhk;.

• Kjypy; neUf;fk; gpd;dH tplaq;fs;: Kjypy; nra;jp %yj;Jldhd njhlHG Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. njhlHgpid Vw;gLj;JtPHfshdhy; jfty;fs; jhNd tUk;. rpyNeuq;fspy;> Kf;fpakhdnjhU nra;jp %yj;jpd; ek;gpf;ifiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kjypy; rpy Ngl;bfis elj;jNtz;ba epiyAk; Vw;glyhk;.

• thalf;fk;: rpy nra;jpahsHfs; csWthaHfshfTk;> jkf;F ahTNk njhpe;jijg;Nghy epiwaNt NgRfpd;wdH. ,J jtwhd mZFKiwahFk;. xU Nfs;tpiaf; Nfl;lgpd;dH gjpYf;fhf mikjp ahf fhj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. ,ijtpLj;J ntWkNd Ngrf;$lhJ.

• nra;jpfis nfhz;LtuTk;: ehshe;j nra;jpnahd;wpid xU Gydha;Tr;nra;jpahsH gpd;njhlUk; gl;rj;jpy; mjDila nra;jp %yj;NjhL mJgw;wp fye;jhNyhrpf;fNtz;Lk;.

• thHj;ijfistplNkyhdit: Njf mirTf;Fwpfs;> Fuy;njhdp Mfpatw;wpypUe;J epiwa tplaq;fis fpufpf;f KbAk;. xU nra;jp%ykhdtH vt;thW ,Uf;ifapy; mkHe;J nfhs;fpwhH> fz;re;jpg;ig jtpHg;gJ> nrhd;d tplaj;ijNa kPl;LtJ> epjhdj;ij ,of;Fk;NghJ Fuy; njhdpapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; xU Ngl;bahsH mtjhdpf;fpd;whH. nra;jp%ykhdtH ntspf;fhl;Lk; czHr;rpfisAk; nra;jpahsH Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;fpwhH. mitAk; ntspf;nfhzuNtz;ba jfty;fNsahFk;.

• Ngl;bfis xypg;gjpT nra;jy;: Ngl;bia vLf;Fk; NghJ xh; Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfj;ij ghtpg;gijtpl xypg;gjpTf; fUtpia ghtpf;fTk;. ,jd; %yk; Ngl;b fhz;gtUk;> fhzg;gLgtUk; epjhdkhf ele;J nfhs;s KbAk;. mj;Jld; Ngl;bapd; gpd;dH ,Ujug;gpdUk; rhjhuzkhd Kiwapy; NgrTk; KbAk;.

• xypg;gjpit epWj;jNtz;lhk;: Ngl;b Kbe;jJk; xypg;gjpit epWj;jp aJk; rpy rkaq;fspy; gy Kf;fpa tplaq;fs; njhlUfpd;w ciu ahlypy; ntsptUtJz;L. vdNt mt;thW nra;ahJ Ngl;b Kbe;j gpd;dUk; xypg;gjpT fUtpia epWj;jptplhJ mthplkpUe;J tpil ngWk; tiu mjid ,af;fTk;.

• xypg;gjpit kPsf;Nfl;ly;: fr;rpjkhd Ngl;bia cWjpnra;aTk; Ngl;b je;jtuJ ek;gpf;ifiag; ngwTk; mtH ghtpj;j rhpahd nrhw;gpuNahfq;fis kPsTk; xypg;gjptpy; Nfl;Lg;ghtpg;gJ mtrpak;. mj;Jld; Ngl;bia gpuRhpf;f Kd;dH mjpYs;s thHj;ijg; 40 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

gpuNahfq;fis Ngl;b je;jtNuhL rhpghHj;Jf; nfhs;tJ mtrpak;. ,jd;%yk; jdJ nra;jp %yj;jpd; kdepiyia epjhdg;gLj;j KbAk;. $lNt Ngl;b je;jtH jhd; $wpatw;iw kPsTk; khw;wpaikj;Jf; $w mDkjpf;fyhfhJ. mj;Jld; NtW nra;jp %yq;fs; %ykhfg; ngwg;gl;l Ez;ikahd $w;Wf;fisg; gfpHe;Jnfhs;sTk; $lhJ. gpugykhd ,WjpthHj;ijfs;: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH jdJ Ngl;bapd; ,Wjpapy; ghtpf;f Ntz;ba %d;W Kf;fpa Nfs;tpfs;.

• cq;fSf;F mJ vg;gbj; njhpAk; ?

• ehd; vjidAk; jtwtpl;Nldh ?

• NtW ahNuhL ehd; NgrNtz;Lk; ?

NrHj;Jf;nfhs;sYk; milahsk; fhzYk; : NrHj;Jf;nfhs;sy; vd;gJ %d;W fl;lq;fspy; ,Ug;gNjhL xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH mjidj;jdJ Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; NghJ gad;gLj;JfpwhH. xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH jdJ nra;jp%yk; Fwpj;J njspthfTk; mjd; gpd;dzpj; jd;ikfs; gw;wpAk; KOikahf mwpe;J itj;jpUg;ghH. nra;jpahsH ntWkNd jdJ Ngl;b gpd;dzp rhh;e;jJ vd;W $wp Nfs;tpfis Muk;gpj;JtplKbahJ. gpd;dzp vd;Dk;NghJ gyUf;F gyjug;gl;l tplaq;fis mHj;jg;gLj;Jtjhf ,Uf;Fk;. tpNrlkhf gj;jphpifahsHfsJ gzp tpjpKiwfs; tplaj;jpy; ghpr;rakpy;yhjtHfs; ,j;jifaNjhhpy; mlq;FtH. %d;W fl;lq;fspyhd NrHj;Jf;nfhs;sy;: Fwpg;ngLf;fg;glkhl;lhJ: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;ly; ngUk;ghYk; rHr;irf;Fhpa jftNyhL nra;jp %yj;Jf;F ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jtjhf mikayhk;. jdJ Ngl;b gw;wp nra;jp %yj;ij rpe;jpf;fTk; itj;JtpLk; . ,jdhy; nra;jp %yj;Jld; ey;y Ngl;bia Muk;gpf;f Fwpg;ngLf;fkhl;lhJ vd;w hPjpapy; tplaq;fis Muk;gpf;fyhk;. Fwpg;ngLf;fg;glhjJ vd;Dk; NghJ nra;jpahsH nra;jp%yk; Fwpg;gpLk; ve;jnthU jftiyNah> $w;iwNah gad;gLj;jyhfhJ. mj;Jld; VidNahUf;Fk; $wyhfhJ. ,J tplaj;jpy; VidNahhplk; Fwpj;j jfty; gw;wp Muha;e;jwpe;J nfhs;sKbAk;. jdJ fye;Jiuahly; gw;wpAk;> nra;jp%yj;jpd; milahsk;; gw;wpAk; jdJ Nkyjpfhhpf;F mwptpg;gJ gw;wpa jfty;fis nra;jpahsh; jd;NdhL itj;jpUf;Fk; chpikiaAk; nfhz;Ls;shH. Fwpg;ngLf;fkhl;lhj epiy vd;gJ xU tpjptpyf;fhdJ kl;LNk jtpu epajp my;y. mehkNjak; vd;gJ xU Kf;fpa cwTepiy, rpy ehLfspy; ,jid xU tha;%y xg;ge;jkhf fUjp nra;jp %yk; jdJ milahsk; njhpAk; gl;rj;jpy; ePjpkd;w cjtpiaAk; ehlKbAk;. nra;jp %yk; Fwpg;ngLf;fkhl;lhj epiyf;F ,zq;fpaJk;> jug;gLk; jfty; rpiwj;jz;lidtiu nfhz;L nry;Ykh vd;gijAk; nra;jpahsh; rpe;jpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,j;jftiy NtWtopapy; ngwKbAkh vd;gijAk; Nahrpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,yq;ifapy; ngUk;ghYk; Fwpg;ngLf;fg;gl KbahjJ gw;wp cWjpaspf;

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fpd;wdH. MapDk; mt;tplaj;ij Neubahf ,y;yhky; #rfkhf Fwpg;gpl;LtpLfpd;wdH. ,J tplaj;jpy; jkJ nra;jp %yj;ij jftywpe;j kw;Wk; ek;gj;jFe;j tl;;lhuq;fs; vd mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;L tpLfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; ,J tplaj;jpy; xU epiyahd Ghpe;JzHtw;w jd;ik Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa #o;epiy gw;wpa gj;jphpiffs; rpytw;wpd; Kd;Djhuzq;fSk; cz;L. nra;jp%yq;fspd; milahsk; kw;Wk; mjd; me;juq;fj;jd;ik xOq;fhf Ngzg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1995 Mk; Mz;L j rz;Nl ilk;]; gj;jphpif MrphpaH jdJ nra;jp%yj;ij ePjpkd;w tprhuiz xd;wpd; NghJ ghJfhj;jhH. jdJ gj;jphpifapd; mul;ilg;gFjp xd;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lit Kd;dhs;; [dhjpgjp re;jphpfh FkhuJq;fit ghjpg;gitahf mike;jpUe;jd. ,jdhy; Fwpj;j gj;jphpif MrphpaH nfhOk;G Nky;ePjpkd;wj;jpy; epWj;jg;gl;lhH. me;j mul;ilg;gFjpapy; ntspahd jftYf;F jhk; mjid vOjhjNghjpYk; mjw;fhd nghWg;ig mtH Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhH. MapDk; mtH mjid vOjpatiu ahH vdf; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. ,j;jifa eltbf;if Clf Rje;jpuj;ij nghWj;jtiu kpf cd;djkhd epiyahFk;. gpd;dzp gw;wpaJ: ,jd; mHj;jk; vd;dntdpy; jfty;fisAk;> $w;Wf;fisAk; gad;gLj;jKbAk;. Mdhy; mtw;wpd; nra;jp%ykhdtH ngahpdhy; milahsk; fhzg;glkhl;lhH. nra;jp%yk; gw;wpa kiwKf tpguj;ij ntspapl nra;jpahsH Kidayhk;. mNjhL jdJ nra;jpapd; fhj;jpuj;jd;ikiag; Ngz jdJ nra;jp %yk; mjpfhug+HtkhdtH my;yJ ek;gj;jFe;jtH vdj; njhptpf;fKbAk;. cs;Jiw mikr;rpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tplak; Fwpj;j tpguq;fis mwpe;jtH vd nra;jp %yj;ij cjhuzj;jpw;F Fwpg;gplyhk;.

Fwpg;ngLj;jy;: ,jd;NghJ jfty;fSk; $w;Wf;fSk; jilapd;wp nra;jp %yj;jpd; Clf Neubahf milahsg;gLj;jg;gl KbAk;.

NrHj;Jf;nfhs;sYf;fhd gbKiw: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;lYf;Nfh my;yJ NtW nra;jpfSf;Nfh nra;jp%yq;fspdJ ngaH> gjtp vd;git thrfHfspd; ek;gfj;jd;ikf;fhf Fwpg;gpLtJ mtrpakhdjhFk;. ,jidf; $WtJ ,yF. Mdhy; nra;tJ fbdkhFk;. Mgj;jpy;yhj jfty;fs; $l mehkNjaf; $w;Wf;fshfNt njd;dhrpa Clfq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd. mur mjpfhhpfs; jk;ik nghpJk; milahsg;gLj;j tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. nra;jpahsUk; jkJ rpwe;j nra;jp %yq;fis xJf;fpf; nfhs;s tpUk;GtJkpy;iy. jkJ ghJfhg;Gf;fUjp gyH Gydha;Tj;jfty;fspy; jk;ik KOikahf ntspf;fhl;Ltjpy;iy. mj;Jld; jkf;F nra;jpahsH kPJs;s nry;thf;fpD}lhf jkJ me;juq;fj;jd;ikia NgZkhWk; nra;jp%yq;fs; Nfl;gJz;L.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

,jid vg;NghJk; kdjpy; itj;Jf;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

Fwpg;ngLf;fj;jfhjthW Ngl;bnahd;iw vLf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; Ngl;b je;jthplk; nrd;W mjd; gpd;dzpj; jftiy kPsTk; Nfl;Lj;njhpa KidtJz;L. ,J tplaj;jpy; nra;jpahsH mtjhdkhf ele;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;. nra;jp%yj;jpd; me;juq;fj;jd;ikia ghJfhg;gNjhL jdJ NeHikia Ak; fUj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ngLf;f ,yFthd tpjj;jpy; nra;jp %yq;fs; NgRtjpy;iy. Vnddpy; jkJ fUj;Jf;fs; njhlHghf mtHfs; fl;Lg;ghlw;wtHfshf ,Uf;fKbAk;. ,jd;fhuzkhf jhk; KOikahf milahsk; fhzg;gLtij mtHfs; tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. mtHfs; $wpatw;iw nra;jpahsHfs; gj;jphpiffspy; my;yJ miythpirfspy; vt;thW ntspapLthHfs; vd;W mtHfSf;Fj; njhptjpy;iy. ,e;epiyapy; ,g;gaj;ij nra;jp %yq;fsplkpUe;J ePf;Fk;NghJ mtHfs; rhtfhrkhf jkJ fUj;Jf;fis Fwpg;ngLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy; mDkjpg;ghHfs;.

Fwpg;ngLj;jy;

gpd;dzpgw;wpaJ

Fwpg;ngLf;fg;glkhl;lhJ

Image by Ron Leishman at http://ClipartOf.com/439457

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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rpWtHfSk; NtW ghjpf;fg;glf;$batHfSk; rpWtHfSf;F Vw;gLk; Jauq;fs;> NtW ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shNdhuhd ,lk; ngaHe;NjhH> Aj;jk;> ,aw;if mdHj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhH> njhlh;ghd mur eltbf;iffis jkf;F Vw;wthW gad;gLj;j njd;dhrpa nra;jpahsh;fSk; Kd;tUtJz;L. cjhuzkhf gq;fshNj\py; nra;jpahsHfSk;> glg;gpbg;ghsHfSk; itj;jparhiynahd;wpd; mtru rpfpr;irg;gphpTf;Fs; jpBnud GFe;J gugug;ghd nra;jpnahd;iwg; gjpTnra;a Kw;gl;ldH. jkJ fztUf;F ,uz;lhtJ kidtp xUtH ,Ug;gij mwpe;j ngz;nzhUtH jdJ ,U gps;isfSld; jPf;Fspj;J jw;nfhiy nra;a Kw;gl;Ls;shH . ,jpy; mg;ngz;zpd; ,U gps;isfSk; ,we;jdH. mtHfspd; cUf;Fiye;j cly;fs; Clfq;fs; thapyhf ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;ld. lhf;fhtpd; kpfg;gpugykhd j nla;yp ];uhH vd;w Mq;fpyg; gj;jphpifAk; mg;glq;fis gpuRhpj;jJ. xU jlitay;y. %d;W jlitfs; mg;glq;fSk; mr;rk;gtk; Fwpj;j Vida tplaq;fSk; Mrphpa jiyaq;fKk; ntspahfpd. rpyH ,r;rk;gtk; njhlHghf gytpjkhd tpkh;rdq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;f KbAk;. ,j;Jau rk;gtj;ij mwpaj;juNtz;LnkdTk;> ,J Clf newpKiwfis kPWfpd;wnjdTk; jukw;w urid vdTk; rpy tpkh;rdq;fisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. mg;gugug;ghd nra;jp mZFKiw vd;gJ rpWtHfisg; ghjpg;gjhf mike;Js;sJ. Vnddpy; mth;fs; ngw;Nwhy; Cw;wg;gl;L jPaplg;gl;Ls;sdH. Ngl;baspf;fTk; Kbahj epiy. ,J njhlHghf nra;jpahsHfs; tpNrl ftdj;Jld; rpWtHfs; Fwpj;J mZfNtz;Lk;. mth;fs; rl;lhPjpahf jkJ mDkjpia toq;fKbahjtHfs;. ,e;epiyapy; rpWtHfspd; ngw;NwhhplkpUe;J mtHfsJ glq;fisNah $w;Wf;fisNah gpuRhpf;f mDkjp ngwNtz;Lk;. mj;NjhL mg;gps;isapd; Kjy;ngah; my;yJ GidngaiuNa ghtpf;f Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. Vnddpy; thrfHfs;> NeaHfsplkpUe;J vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Ug;gjw;fhf. mj;Jld; mr;rpWtHfs; tho;e;j ,lj;ijAk; rhpahf njhptpf;fhJ mtHfsJ milahsj;ijg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t; mZFKiw> ghypay; ty;YwT> FLk;g td;Kiwfs; Aj;j kw;Wk; mur eltbf;if vd;gtw;Wf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs; jkJ ngaiu ntspapl tpUk;gpdhy; mjdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfs; gw;wp mtHfSf;F njhptpf;fNtz;Lk;. xU nra;jpahsH Fwpj;j egiug; ngaH %yk; Fwpg;gpLtjhy; mtH xu; ,yf;fhf my;yJ mehtrpakhf mtkhdj;Jf;Fs;shthuh vd;gij jdf;Fj;jhNd Nfl;fNtz;Lk;. njhopy;rhH Clftpayhshpd; mikg;nghd;W VidNahUf;F kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;baJ gw;wpa xOf;ff;Nfhit xd;iw jahhpj;Js;sJ. ,jpy; me;juq;fj;jd;ikia ghJfhj;jy;> cl;gl jdpegH ghJfhg;G Fwpj;j midj;J mk;rq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd . ,jid ,e;j ,izaj;jsj;jpy; ghHitapl KbAk;. http://www.spj.org/pdf/ethicscode.pdf.

44 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

kdpj%yk; xu; ,yq;if Ma;T rpwe;j Gydha;T nra;jpahf;fj;jpw;F jfty; %yq;fisf; nfhd;l tiyaikg;G vg;gb cjtpaJ vd;gjw;fhd rpwe;j cjhuzj;ij 2008k; Mz;L rz;Nl yPlh; gj;jphpifapy; gy khjq;fs; njhlh;r;rpahf ntspahd nra;jpf; fl;Liufspy; fhzKbAk; nfhOk;ig ikakhff; nfhz;l FOnthd;W jkpo; tHj;jfHfis flj;jp mtHfsplk; fg;gk; ngWtJ gw;wpa jfty;fis ,r; nra;jp Nrfhpf;Fk; eltbf;if ju Muk;gpj;jpUe;jJ. mikr;rH xUtH jdJ njhFjpapYs;s rpWghd;ikapdiu ghJfhf;f murhq;fk; jtwpAs;sjhf [dhjpgjpf;F mwptpj;jpUe;jjd; %ykhf mehkNjakhd Kiwapy; ,r;nra;jpf;fhd jfty; %yk; fpilj;jpUe;jJ. vtiuAk; Neubahf Fwpg;gplhJ ,r;nra;jp mwpf;if Kjypy; ntspahdJ. ,j;jfty; cz;ikahdJ. ,jw;F Mjhukhf rpy tq;fpf;fzf;Ffs; fg;gk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lij vLj;Jf;fhl;bd. ,e;j Muk;g jftypd; gpd;dH ghjpf;fg;gl;Nlhhpd; cwtpdHfs;> me;juq;fj; jfty;fs; rfpjk; jkJ nghyp]; Kiwg;ghL gpujpfNshL nghyp]; epiyak; te;jdH. ,jd;fhuzkhf rz;Nl yPlH gj;jphpifAk; NtW nra;jp epWtdq;fSk; ,yq;ifapd; Nky;khfhzj;jpYk;> Ntwplq;fspYk; ,lk;ngWk; flj;jy;fs;> fg;gk; ngWjy; gw;wpa jfty;fis ntspapl Muk;gpj;jd. rpy khjq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dH ,e;j Ml;flj;jy;> fg;gk; ngWk; eltbf;iffspy; eltbf;iffspd; gpd;dzpapy; xU Xa;Tngw;w tpkhdg;gil mjpfhhp ,Ug;gijAk; mtUf;F nry;thf;Fg; gilj;j gyuJ cjtp ,Ue;jikAk; njhpate;jJ. ehl;fs; nry;y nry;y Kf;fpa #j;jpujhhpapd; milahsk; ed;F ep&gzkhdJ. ed;F Muha;e;jjd; %yKk;> gyjug;gl;l nra;jp%yq;fs; thapyhfTk;> ghjpf;fg;gl;Nlhhpd; FLk;gj;jtH murpay;thjpfs; vdg; gyjug;glNlhH %ykhfTk; me;egH ahH vd;W mwpag;gl;lhH. ,Ug;gpDk; mr;#j;jpujhhp N`hl;ly; xd;wpy; jq;fpAs;s tpguk; mehkNja jfty; %yk; rz;Nl yPlH gj;jphpiff;F fpilf;Fk;tiu cWjpahftpy;iy. ,U nra;jpahsHfs; Fwpj;j N`hl;lYf;Fr; nrd;W mq;F mtH jq;fpapUe;j miwf;F ntspNa epd;W mtH ntsptUk;NghJ mtiug; glk; gpbj;jdH. xh; vjpHf;fl;rp cWg;gpdH ,e;j eghpd; milahsj;ij ntspg;gLj;jp #lhd tpthjnkhd;iw ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; elj;jp Fwpj;j N`hl;lypy; NjLjy; elj;jp mr;#j;jpujhhpiaf; ifJ nra;Ak;gb Nfl;bUe;jhH. ,t;tpthjj;jpd; ,U jpdq;fspd; gpd;dH rz;Nl yPlH gj;jphpif Fwpj;j nra;jpia ntspapl;bUe;J. murhq;fk; mr;#j;jpujhhp gw;wpAk;> mtuJ kiwtplk; gw;wpAk; vJTk; njhpahnjd kWj;jJ. mjd;gpd;dH mjpfhhpfs; mr;#j;jpujhhpia ifJ nra;J Fw;wg;Gydha;Tg; nghyp]; gphptpy; jLj;J itj;jdH. ,f;ifijaLj;J nfhOk;gpy; Ml;flj;jy; eltbf;iff;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itf;fg;gl;lnjd xU rpNu\;l mikr;rH mwpf;ifnahd;iw ntspapl;bUe;jhH. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| 45

nra;jp%yq;fs; ,g;gb ,Uj;jyhfhJ: ,yq;if Clfj;Jiwapy; cs;s Kf;fpa gpur;rpid vd;dntdpy; nry;thf;F kpf;f nra;jp%yq;fs; vij vOjNtz;Lk;> vOjf;$lhJ vd nra;jpahsUf;F $wptpLfpd; wd . ,jw;F Kf;fpa fhuznkd;dntdpy; nra;jpahsHfs; mDgtkw;wtHfsh fTk;> jd;dk;gpf;ifaw;NwhuhfTk; ,Ug;gNjahFk;. mtHfs; nra;jp %yq;fSld; gak; fhuzkhf giff;f tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. nra;jpfis gpuRukhfKd;dH nrk;ikg;gLj;Jk; nraiy murpay;thjpfs; kl;Lk; nra;tjpy;iy. jdpahH epWtd Kf;fpa];jHfSk; tPbNahf;fis mit xspgug;Gr; nra;ag;gLKd;dH nrk;ikg;gLj;j Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdH. ,e;epiyapy; ,g;gzp nra;jpahsUilaJ. ,jpy; ve;jnthU nra;jp%yKk; jiyaplyhfhnjd;gij epidt+l;l Ntz;bajhfTkpUf;fpd;wJ. rl;l kw;Wk; xOf;f nra;jp %yq;fspd; tplaq;fs;: ,yq;ifapy; Gydha;T nra;Ak; nra;jpahsiug; ghJfhf;Fk; rl;lq;fs; ,y;iy. ,jdhy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; mbf;fb Fw;wg;Gydha;Tg; gphptpduhy; tprhhpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH. mg;NghJ nra;jp %yq;fspd; ngaH> tpguq;fs; Nfl;fg;gLfpd;wd. mj;Jld; nra;jpahsUk; ePjpkd;wk; %ykhf nra;jp%yq;fspd; ngaHfs;> Fwpg;Gg;Gj;jfq;fis xg;gilf;Fk;gbAk; Nfhug;gLfpd;wdH. ,yq;ifapy; nra;jp%yq;fSf;fhd rl;l ghJfhg;G gytPdkhf cs;sJ. MapDk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;kpf;f re;jphpfh FkhuJq;f vjpH yf;gpk vd;w tof;fpy; ,yq;if ePjpj;Jiw nra;jp%yj;jpd; ghJfhg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,t;tof;fpy; yf;gpk vd;w rpq;fs thug;gj;jphpif MrphpaUf;F [dhjpgjp re;jphpfhit fsq;fg;gLj;Jk; Fw;wNehf;fk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd nfhOk;G Nky; ePjpkd;wk; Vw;wpUe;jJ. mj;Jld; Fwpj;j Kf;fpa nra;jp%yj;ij yf;gpk MrphpaH ghJfhj;jijAk; ePjpkd;wk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lNjhL gj;jphpifahrphpaHfisNah gjpg;ghsHfisNah nra;jp %yq;fis ntspapLtJ gw;wp fl;lhag;gLj;j KbahnjdTk; ePjpkd;wk; typAWj;jpapUe;jJ. ,yq;ifg; gj;jphpifahsHfs; chpa ghJfhg;G tiuaiwf;Fs; ,y;yhj NghjpYk; rpyH jkJ nra;jp%yq;fs; gw;wpa tpguq;fis Gydha;Tg; nghyp]hhplKk; ePjpkd;wplKk; ntspapl kWj;Js;sdH. ,yq;ifg; gj;jphpifahrphpaHfs; Fohj;jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l njhopy; hPjpahd eilKiwfs; Fwpj;j gphpT 5.1 vd;w tiuG njspthff; Fwpg;gpLtJ vd;dntdpy; nra;jp%yk; jdJ mDkjpia juhjtiu mjid ntspg;gLj;j Kbahj chpikia nra;jpahsHfs; nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,J xU nghd;dhd epajp. ,jid midj;J nra;jpj; nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSk; mDrhpf;fNtz;bAs;sJ.

46 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

mj;jpahak; MW

gj;jphpif jlaq;fs; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; Njitahd Mtzq;fisg; ngWk; tpjj;jpy; kdpj %yq;fis gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. Mtzq;fSld; ghpr;rakhfpj; jahuhjy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsiu Vida nghJg;gilahd nra;jpahsHfsplkpUe;J NtWgLj;JfpwJ. Mokhfj; jfty;fisg; ngWtJk;> fpilf;fg;ngWfpd;w mwpf;iffspd; vz;zpf;ifANk xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsiu NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;LfpwJ vd;W XH mnkhpf;f ClftpayhsH Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH. vt;tsTf;F vt;tsT Mtzq;fis xU nra;jpahsH Nrfhpf;fpwhNuh> mt;tsT Jhuk; mtH kdpj nra;jp%yq;fspy; jq;fpapUf;fj;Njitapy;iy.

Vnddpy; Mtzq;fs; fr;rpjkhf jfty;fis khw;wkpd;wpj; jUfpd;wd.

Mdhy; kdpj %yq;fs; jkJ epiyg;ghLfis khw;wKbAk;. ,e;j ey;y fhuzj;Jf;fhfNt Mtzq;fs; Kf;fpak; ngWfpd;wd. Coy;> jtwpiog;gJ rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fspy; Mtzq;fs; ey;y Mjhu khfpd;wd. mj;Jld; Ma;T nra;jy; cl;gl gy;NtW epiyfspy; Muha;tJ Fwpj;jjhf mit ,Uf;fpd;wd. Mtzq;fs; gykhd Clf MAjq;fshFk;. jfty; mwpAk; chpikr;rl;lk; Mtzq;fis mZFtjw;Fk; ntspg;gilj;jd;ik> nghWg;Gf;$Wk; chpik vd;git rk;ge;jg;gl;ljhf ClftpayhsUf;Fk;> Vida gpuiIfSf;Fk; epiwaNt tha;g;igf; nfhLf;fpd;wJ. MapDk; Mtzq;fs; Fwpj;j ePz;l ghuk;ghpaq;fs; cs;s ehLfspYk; nra;jpahsHfs; jkf;F Ntz;ba Mtzq;fisg; ngw rpukq;fis vjpHNehf;Ffpd;wdH. ,tw;iw toq;Ftjpy; nra;jpahsHfSf;F rypg;Gj;jd;ikia cz;Lgz;Zk; tpjj;jpy; mjpfhhpfs; ele;J nfhs;fpd;wdH. nyh]; VQ;ry;i]r; NrHe;j nra;jpahsH xUtH> MW Mz;Lfs; jkf;F Ntz;ba Mtzj;ijg; ngw fhj;jpUe;jNjhL> mz;ikapNyNa gy Ntz;LNfhs;fSf;Fg; gpd;dH vt;.gp.I vd;w mnkhpf;f rk\;bg; Gydha;T epWtdj;jpd; rHr;irf;Fhpa nfhiy njhlHghd mwpf;ifia ngw;wpUe;jhH. ,f;nfhiy 1970 Mk; Mz;L ele;jpUe;jJ. j epA+NahHf; ilk;]; xU tUlj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhf mnkhpf;f ghJfhg;G jpizf;fs mwpf;ifia ngw Kide;jNjhL> ,Wjpahf Nkd;KiwaPl;L ePjpkd;w%lhf mjidg; ngw;wpUe;jJ. ,e;j eltbf;if 2009 Mk; Mz;L Gypw;]H ghpRf;Fkhd tha;g;igAk; Njbj;je;jJ. ,yq;ifapy; jfty; chpikr;rl;lk; ,y;iy. ,jdhy; Kf;fpa mur Mtzq;fisg; ngwTk; mjd; me;juq;fj;jd;ikiag; NgzTk; ,yq;ifr; nra;jpahsHfs; fLikahf ciof;fNtz;bAs;sJ. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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MapDk; Kf;fpa Mtzq;fisg; ngWtjw;fhd nra;jpj;Jiwf;F tha;g;ghd epWtdq;fSk; cs;sd.

Gydha;Tr;

• ghuhSkd;wk;: `d;rhHl; Mtzk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; tha;%y mwpf;ifahFk;. ,jpy; ghuhSkd;w eilKiwfis mwpaKbAk;.

MapDk; gy;NtW fkpl;b mwpf;iffs; me;juq;fkhdit. rpytw;iw kf;fs; mZfKbAk;. tuTnryTj;jpl;l Kd;fzpg;gPLfis nra;jpahsHfSk; ngwKbAk;.

• Fbrdkjpg;gPL Gs;sptpgutpay; jpizf;fsk;: rdj;njhif ghpkhzk; kw;Wk; mJFwpj;j jfty;fs;.

• fk;gdpfs; gjpthsH: ,af;FeH rig mwpf;iffs;> gq;FKjyPL> epWtd \uj;Jfs;.

• ,yq;if kj;jpatq;fp: khje;NjhWk; Kf;fpa juTfs;> Gs;sptpguq;fs;> mwpf;iffs;> nghUshjhu Ma;Tfs;> ciufs; vd;git mlq;fpa rQ;rpif ntspaPL. • rHtNjr epWtdq;fs; / fld; toq;Fk; Vn[d;]pfs;: cyftq;fp> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> If;fpa Njrpa mgptpUj;jpjpl;lk; Mfpait cl;gl gy;NtW epWtdq;fs; ,yq;if gw;wpa Ma;twpf;iffis ntspapLfpd;wd.

• cs;@uhl;rp mjpfhurigfs;: gl;[l; Mtzq;fs; tUlhe;j mgptpUj;jpj;jpl;l mwpf;iffs; vd;git ngwg;glKbAk;.

• khtl;l nrayfq;fs;: ,q;F fpilf;fg;ngWk; jfty;fs;> Mtzq ;fisg; ngw nghpJk; cjTfpd;wd.

• murhq;f gjpg;gfk;: ,q;F rfy murhq;f gjpg;GfisAk; mZfKbAk;.

Mtzq;fis ifahSjy;: Mtzq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJk; mjd;%yg; gpujpia Nfhitf;Fs; itj;jgpd;dH mjd; efy; gpujpiag; ghtpj;Nj tplaq;fs; Fwpj;J Fwpg;ngLj;J epjhdkhf mwpe;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

Mokhf xU nra;jpahsH Mtzq;fis MuhAk;NghJ epiwaNt tplaq;fis tphpthfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

Mtzq;fis xOq;FgLj;Jjy;: Mapuf;fzf;fpy; Mtzq;fs; ,Uf;fyhk; my;yJ rhjhuz jfty;fNshL Fwpg;gpl;l rpythf fhzg;glyhk;. vg;gbapUe;jNghjpYk; Mtzq;fs;> jfty;fis xOq;fikj;jy; xU ey;y nra;jpahsUf;Fhpa tpNrl mk;rkhFk;. ,jd;%yk; jdf;Fj; Njitahd tplaq;fis ,yFthfTk;> xOq;fhfTk; xU nra;jpahsuhy; ngwKbAk;.

XH Mf;fKs;s Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH gy;NtW tplaq;fspd; nghUl;L gy;NtW Mtzq;fis xOq;FgLj;jpf; nfhs;tJz;L. ele;j rk;gtq;fis xU Nfhitg;gLj;jyhf Mtzq;fs; %ykhf mZFtjd; %yk; mjpfsT ngWkjpkpf;f jfty;fis xU nra;jpahsH mwpa KbAk;. Coy;gw;wpa Ma;T> mJ gw;wpa tpguq;fs;> vq;F> vtH> vg;NghJ Nghd;w jfty;fisAk; ngwKbAk;. KO Mtzq;fisAk; ghtpf;f Ntz;ba Njitapy;yhtpbDk;> xU fhy mDkhdj;jpDs; mtw;iw mlf;fKbAk;. ,J kpfg;gpuNahrdkhdJ.

48 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

capnuOj;J thpirapy; Mtzq;fis xOq;FgLj;JtJk; kw;WnkhU KiwahFk;. ,Wjpahf ghHf;Fkplj;J Mtzq;fs; gaDs;sditahf mikaNtz;Lk;.

XH murhq;f ghlrhiyapy; gps;isia NrHg;gjw;F vt;thW ngw;NwhH yQ;rk; toq;fpdH. xU nra;jpahsH Ie;J Muk;g ghlrhiyfspy; mDkjp ngw;w gps;isfspd; 30 ngw;NwhHfis Ngl;b fhz;gjd; %yk; xt;nthU Ngl;biaAk; njhFj;J ,Wjpapy; Mtzkhf;f KbfpwJ. Mtzq;fs; ngw;NwhHfsJ ngaHfspd; mbg;gilapYk; xOq;FgLj;jKbAk;. xt;nthU ghlrhiyf;Fnkd jdpj;jdpahf Nfhitfis jahhpj;J mtw;Ws; mt;tg;ghlrhiyf;Fhpa Mtzq;fis itf;fKbAk;. ,jd;%yk; ,yFthf midj;ijAk; xOq;FgLj;jp nra;jpahsuhy; MuhaKbfpwJ. mj;Jld; Xt;nthU NfhitapYk; cs;s Kf;fpa tplaq;fis Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;iw jdJ nra;jpapy; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;. ghlrhiy Mtzq;fis NfhitapLtJ NtWtplaq;fSf;Fk; gadspf;Fk;. ,Ughlrhiyfisr; NrHe;j ngw;NwhHfs; jhk; Mapuk;&gh yQ;rk; nfhLj;jjhf $wpapUf;fyhk; . NtW %d;W ghlrhiyfisr; NrHe;j ngw;NwhH jhk; Ik;gJ &ghit toq;fpajhf $wpapUf;fyhk;. vdNt ,e;j NtWghLfs;> kw;Wk; vjw;fhf ngUe;njhif yQ;rk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. xU khtl;lj;jpy; mg;ghlrhiyfs; xNu mjpfhhpapd; fPo; ,Ug;gjhfTk; MapDk; $Ljy; trjpfisf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; mtw;Wf;fhd yQ;rg;gzk; $Ljyhfg; ngwg;gl;bUf;fyhk; vdf;fUjKbAk;. ,y;iyNay; ,t;tplak; NtW tpjkhf Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. capnuOj;Jfs;

fhyg;gjpT

A

July 30, 2011 (recent most)

C

December 1, 2010

B

June 3, 2011

juT mwpf;if: kpfTk; rpwe;j kw;Wk; njspthf mwpe;Jnfhs;sf;$ba tpjj;jpy; juT mwpf;iffis xOq;FgLj;jNtz;Lk;. my;yJ ekf;Fhpaij jahhpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,j;juT mwpf;if Gydha;Tj; jfty;fisj;jpul;b tplaq;fis Muha;tjpy; kpf Kf;fpakhdit . xU juT mwpf;ifia jahhpg;gJ> gy;NtW tplaq;fis gyjug;gl;l Nfhzq;fspypUe;J ngw;W xUq;fpizg;gjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 'vf;n]y;" Nghd;w fzzp nkd;nghUs; tbtikg;Gf;fs; ,JNghd;w juT mwpf;ifia jahhpf;f cjTfpd;wd. ,jd;%yk; gy;NtW gad;fis rypg;gpd;wpg; ngwKbAk;.

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yQ;rk; ngw;wJ rk;ge;jkhd Ngl;bfs; ,j;juTfs; %ykhf fzzpapy; cs;slf;fg;glKbAk;. ,jd;%yk; nra;jpahsuhy; ,e;j KiwNfL Fwpj;j jd;ikfisAk;> tpguq;fisAk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngw;NwhHfs;> kw;Wk; yQ;rk; ngw;w ghlrhiyfs;> yQ;rk; toq;fg;gl;ljh? gps;isfs; ghlrhiyfspy; NrHf;fg;gl;lduh? Nghd;w tpguq;fisAk; ,e;j juT mwpf;if %yk; mwpa KbAk;.

Name

Anishka

Aravinda

Ariyadasa Ariyapala

Ariyaratna Ariyasiri Arjuna

Asanka Ashan

Athula

Hashini Hemi

Hasarangani Chandrika Bambi

Mahindra

School

Town

Bribe

4

Jaffna

400

1

2

5

3

3

2

6

5

1

1

1

2

4

2

3

Galle

Kandy

Matale

Kegalle

Kegalle Kandy

Anuradhapura Matale Galle

Galle

Galle

Kandy Jaffna

Kandy

Kegalle

500

Paid?

Y

Y

Admitted Y

Y

1000

N

N

200

Y

Y

350

200

800

Y

Y

Y

150

N

500

Y

300

500

500

1000 400

1000 200

N Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N Y

Xt;nthU gFjpahf tFj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;NghJ nra;jpahsu; xt;nthU Nfhzj;jpYk; Muhaf; $bajhfTk; NkYk; jfty;fSld; ey;yNjhh; nra;jpiaAk; toq;fKbAk;. toq;fg;gl;l yQ;rj;njhif gw;wpg; ghu;g;Nghk;:

50 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

Name

Ariyadasa

Hasarangani Bambi

Arjuna

Anishka Athula

Hashini Hemi

Aravinda

Chandrika Ariyapala Ashan

Ariyaratna Ariyasiri

Mahindra Asanka

School

Town

Bribe

2

Kandy

1000

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

4

4

5

5

3

3

3

6

Kandy

1000

Kandy

Kandy Galle

Y

Y

400

Jaffna

400

Matale

350

Matale

300

Kegalle

200

Kegalle

Kegalle

500

500

Jaffna

200

Anuradhapura

Y

N

500

Galle

Y

N

N

500

Galle

N

Admitted

1000 800

Galle

Paid?

200

150

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N Y

Y

Y

,j;jfty; ve;nje;j efuq;fspy; fy;tp mjpfhupfs; NguhirNahL ,Ue;Js;shu;fs; vd;gij tpsf;FfpwJ. fzpj mbg;gilapy; ,e;j ml;ltiz jahuhfpAs;sijaLj;J xt;nthU efupYk; ruhrupahfg; ngwg;gl;l yQ;rj;njhifia nra;jpahsu; mwpa KbAk;. fz;bapy; ruhrupj;njhif Ugh 950 MFk;. ,J gy;NtW Nfs;tpfSf;Fupajhfpd;wJ. ,JNghd;w ml;ltizj;njhFjp nra;jpahsUf;F xU tpQ;Qhdpf;Fg;Nghy jdJ jfty;fis tpupthf cupa mDkhdj;NjhL jahupf;f cjTfpwJ. jd;idj;jhNd Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;L ,Jgw;wpr; nra;jpahsu;fs; MuhaKbAk;. yQ;rk; toq;fpaTlNdNa cq;fs; gps;isf;F mDkjp fpilf;fpwjh? vd;w Nfs;tpAk; vOfpwJ.

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Name

School

Town

Bribe

Bambi

2

Kandy

1000

Ariyadasa Ariyapala Ashan

Hasarangani Arjuna

Anishka Athula

Hashini Hemi

Aravinda

Chandrika

Ariyaratna Ariyasiri

Mahindra Asanka

2

5

5

2

2

1

1

1

1

4

4

3

3

3

6

Kandy

Matale

Matale

Kandy

Kandy Galle

Galle

Galle

Galle

Jaffna

Jaffna

Kegalle

Kegalle

Kegalle

Anuradhapura

1000 350

300

1000 800

500

500

500

500

400

400

200

200

200

150

Paid?

N

N Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Admitted N

N

N

N Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

vjpu;ghu;j;jijg;NghyNt fz;bapy; yQ;rk; toq;fhj ,U ngw;Nwhupd; gps;isfsJ mDkjpfs; uj;jhfpd. khj;jisapypUe;J te;j ,U ngw;Nwhu;fs;> yQ;rk; nfhLj;j NghjpYk; mtu;fSf;F mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtu;fs; ,Ujlitfs; tQ;rpf;fg;gl;lij ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,t;tplak; jdJ Fwpg;Gg;Gj;jfj;jpy; vLj;j Ngl;bfs; ClhfNth fzzpf;Nfhitfs; ClhfNth nra;jpahshpd; fz;fspy; gl;bUf;fKbahJ. kw;nwhU gf;fk;: ,t; ml;ltiz mEuhjGuj;ijr;Nru;e;j ngw;Nwhu; xUtu; yQ;rk; nfhLf;ftpy;iy vdTk; mtuplk; Nfl;fg;gl;l yQ;rj;njhif & 150 kl;LNk vdTk; njupate;Js;sJ. ,U tpjj;jpyhd mZFKiwfis ,j;jfty; njhlu;ghf ,t;tplak; toq;fp epw;fpwJ.

52 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

ml;ltizj; njhFg;ig Nrhjpf;Fk; NghJ me;j ml;ltiz Fwpg;gplhj kw;nwhU tplak; gw;wpAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. ,jd; Clhf kw;nwhU ml;ltizf; Nfhitiaj; Njl KbAk;. mjpYk; jfty;fs; fpilf;fhj gl;rj;jpy; jdf;Ff; fpilj;j jfty;fSld; nra;jpia RUf;fkhf vOjNtz;Lk;. nghJthfNt midj;J ngw;Nwhu;fSk; jkJ gps;isfis mDkjpf;f yQ;rk; toq;f Ntz;Lnkd tphpthd Kiwapy mwpKfnkhd;iw nra;jpahsu; vOj NeupLk;. (,J Xu; Cfkhf ,Uf;fyhk;). ek;gj;jFe;j tplaq;fs; vkJ ml;ltizj;njhFjpapy; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

mghafukhd g]; rhujpfs; : XH Ma;T ,e;jpa Clf fy;tp epWtdnkhd;wpd; (IIJNM) khztHfs; ,yj;jpudpay; juT mwpf;ifia kpfr;rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jp ngq;f@hpy; cs;s g]; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiw gw;wp Muha;e;jdH. mg;NghJ ghjrhhpfs;> irf;fps; Xl;LgtHfis Nkhjpg;gypnaLf;Fk; g];rhujpfSf;F vd;d elf;fpd;wnjd;gJ gw;wp ngq;f@h; g]; eilKiwfs; kf;fSf;F jtwhd jfty;fis toq;Ffpd;wd vd;W me;j Clf khztHfs; jhk; Nrfhpj;j jfty;fs; Kyk; mwpaj;je;jpUe;jdH. khztHfSf;F gjpyspj;j mjpfhhpfs; rhujpfNs tpgj;jpy; <LgLtjhfTk; Fw;wthspfshff; fhzg;gLk; rhujpfs; gzpePf;fk; nra;ag;gLtjhfTk; g]; tz;bfis Nghf;Ftuj;jpy; <LgLj;Jgth;fs; my;yh; vd;Wk; $wpapUe;jdH. ,J gw;wp NkYk; MuhatpUk;gpa khztHfs; ,e;jpa jfty; mwpAk; chpikr;rl;lj;jpd; fPo; tpgj;Jf;fs; gw;wpa tpgu mwpf;ifiag; ngw;wdH. ,jd; gpd;dH mk;khztHfs; juT mwpf;if xd;iw jahhpj;jdH. mjpy; g];tz;b fk;gdpfs;> mtw;wpd; chpikahsHfs>; g];rhujpfs;> mtHfsJ ,yf;fq;fs;> re;jpj;j tpgj;Jf;fs;> Ghpe;j jtWfs; Nghd;wit me;j mwpf;ifapy; NrHf;fg;gl;ld. fle;j 8 tUl fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w 650 tpgj;Jf;fs; gw;wpa tpguq;fs; mk;khztHfshy; NrHf;fg;gl;ld. me;j mwpf;iffspd; mbg;gilapy; ghHf;Fk;NghJ mjpfhhpfs; kf;fSf;Ff; $wpatw;Wf;F khwhf NtW gy jfty;fSk; ntspahfpapUe;jd. Gs;sp tpguq;fs; 75 rjtPjkhd kuzj;ij cz;Lgz;Zk; tpgj;Jf;fs; g]; rhujpfshy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lik njspthfpapUe;jJ. ,r;rhujpfspy; 9 rjtPjkhdtHfs; kl;LNk jz;bf;fg;gl;ldH. VidNahH kPJ nkj;jdg; Nghf;fhf ele;J nfhz;bUg;gJ njhpate;jJ. rk;gsj;NjhL kPsTk; rhujpfs; gzpf;F mkHj;jg;gl;ldH. ,jpy; mjph;r;rp jUk; jfty; vd;dntdpy; gzp ePf;fk; nra;ag;gLk; Kd;Ng 28 g]; rhujpfs; ,uz;L my;yJ %d;Wf;F Nkw;gl;ltHfis gypnaLj;jpUe;jdH. kw;WnkhU jftypy; rhujp xUtH xU khjj;jpy; ,Utiu tpgj;jpy; nfhd;wpUe;jhH.

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Mtzq;fis gFjpahf kiwj;jy;: cq;fsJ nrhe;j juT mwpf;ifia mbg;gilapypUe;J cUthf;fNtz;Lnkd;w epiy ,y;iy. Vw;fdNt ,Uf;Fk; ,U tpjj;jpyhd juT mwpf;iffs; %yk; mtw;iw ngwKbAk;.

Gjpa Clf njhopy;El;g fUtpfs; %ykhd ,e;j mZFKiw Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfSf;F nghpJk; cjTfpd;wJ. tpNrlkhf tiuglq;fs; kw;Wk; NtT ghHf;ff;$ba jfty;fs; %ykhf ,jid mZfKbAk;. cjhuzkhf 2010 Mk; Mz;L gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; gutyhf ele;j td;Kiwfis ,yq;if Clfq;fs; ntspg;gLj;jpd. ,j;jfty;fs; toikahdit Nghd;W midj;J Clfq;fs; thapyhfTk; rpyfhyk; ntspahfpapUe;jd. MapDk; cz;ikapy; gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; ele;jit gw;wp rpy jfty;fis http://groundviews.org vd;w gpui[fs; Clf ,izaj;jsk; $fps; %ykhf ntspg;gLj;Jk; tiu njhpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ,j;jfty;fs; ClftpayhsHfshy;; jtwtplg;gl;litahf ,Ue;jd. td;Kiwfs; Vwj;jho midj;J ,yq;ifg; gy;fiyf;fofq;fisAk; ghjpj;Jtpl;bUe;jd. mj;Jld; Mapuf;fzf;fhd khztHfisAk;> gpf;FkhztHfisAk; ,t;td;Kiwfs; cs;slf;fpapUe;jd. ,J xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;lyhf gy;NtW jfty;fis cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH Mzpj;jukhd Mtzq;fspNyNa jq;fpapUf;fNtz;Lk;. ,y;iyNay; Mgj;ij vjpHNehf;f NehpLk;.

Mtzq;fis Muha;tjw;fhd mbg;gil epajpfs; rpy: • nra;jp %yj;ij ghprPypf;fTk;: Mtzq;fs; vq;fpUe;J vg;gb te;jd vd;W mwpaTk;. Mtzj;ijj; je;jtH mjid mZff;$batuh?

Fwpj;j tplaj;jpy; mtH epGzj;JtKilatuh?

Fwpj;j nra;jp%yj;jplk; ngha;$Wk; gof;fKs;sjh? NtnwhU kdpj nra;jp %yk; Fwpj;j Mtzj;jpw;F cWjpaspf;fpwjh? Nghd;wtw;iw cWjp nra;aNtz;Lk;.

• jftiy ghprPypf;fTk;: Fwpj;j Mtzk; mz;ikapy; ntspahdjh? mjd; cs;slf;fk; Muhag;glf;$bajh?

• cs;shHe;j FWe;jfty;fs;: xU jtwhd Mtzj;ij ePq;fs; Mr;rhpaj;NjhL Nehf;Fk; NghJ ePq;fs; rpy Kuz;ghLfis fhzyhk;. nrhw;gpiofs;> tpNehjkhd thHj;ijfs; vd mtw;wpy; mlq;fyhk;. vdNt KbAkhdhy; me;j Mtzj;jpd; xU ntWikahd gf;fj;ij vLj;J mjid xg;gpl;L Nehf;fp jtWfis mwpayhk;.

• xU epGzhplk; fhz;gpj;jy;: ,it rHr;irf;Fhpa Mtzq;fshapd;> Gydha;Tg;gzp epiwNtWk;tiu nghWj;jpUf;f Ntz;lhk;. me;j Mtzj;NjhL ghpr;rakhd gf;fr;rhHgw;w epGzhplk; fhz;gpg;gjd; %yk; mJ rhpahdjh vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jKbAk;.

54 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

• rk;ge;jg;gl;lthplk; fhz;gpj;jy;: Fwpj;j Mtzj;ij cWjpg;gLj; Jtjw;F mjid vOjpathplk; Ngl;bfhZk; NghJ fhl;bf; Nfl;f KbAk;. ,y;iyNay; mjid jahhpj;jspj;j epWtd jiythplk; Nfl;f KbAk;. Fwpj;j Mtzj;ij ,dq;fhz Kbfpwjh? vd rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhhpaplk; NfSq;fs; mg;NghJ mtH ele;J nfhs; Sk; KiwapypUe;J me;j Mtzj;jpd; cz;ikj;jd;ik gw;wp mwpaKbAk;.

• eLepiyia Nrhjpj;jy;: tpQ;Qhdpfs; jkJ fz;Lgpbg;gpd; eLepiyj;jd;ikf;fhfg; ghLgLtJz;L. gj;jphpifahsH> Fwpg;ghf Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsUk; mt;thNw nraw;glNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; ,e;j eLepiyj;jd;ik cq;fsJ Mtzq;fis Mrphpahplk; fhz;gpf;FksTf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yhjij cWjpg;gLj;jTk;.

• rhpahd Neuk;: rHr;irf;Fhpa Mtznkhd;W jpBnud rhpahd Neuj;jpy; ntspg;gLkhdhy; me;j Mtzk; rpy rkaq;fspy; xU Nghypj;jd;ikahdjhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. rl;l gpur;rpidfs; my;yJ tplaq;fs;. ,Wjpahf Mtzq;fs; vd;gJ xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahshpd; rl;lg;ghJfhg;Gf;FhpaitahFk;. jdJ nra;jp ntspahd gpd;dH Fiwe;j gl;rk; ,UtUlq;fshtJ Fwpj;j midj;J Mtzq;fisAk; nra;jpahsH jk;trk; itj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. rpy rkaq;fspy; e\;l<l;L tof;Ffs; $l njhlug;glyhk;. Fwpj;j Mtzq;fs; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhditahapd; nra;jp epWtd rl;lg;gphptpd; ghJfhg;gpYk; itf;fKbAk;.

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mj;jpahak; VO

,yj;jpudpay; RtLfs; gj;jphpif Mtzq;fs; xU Fwpj;j Neuj;jpy; my;yJ xU Fwpj;j ,lj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. Mdhy; mjprapf;fj;jf;f njhopy;El;gk; fhuzkhf Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; Neuk;> fhyk;> ,lk;> rHtNjr tiuaiwfisf;fle;J ngUksT jfty;fisg; ngwKbAk;.

Gjpa Clfk; / xd;iyd; Njly;fs;: 'Gjpa Clfk; " vd;w nrhw;gpuNahfk; fk;a+l;lH kakhd nraw;ghLfs;> glq;fs;> tPbNahf;fs;> xyptbtq;fs;> tiuglq;fs;> kw;Wk; Vida tbtikg;GfisNa Fwpg;gjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,g;Gjpa nrhw;gpuNahfk;> njhiyf;fhl;rp> jpiug;glq;fs;> rQ;rpiffs;> gj;jphpiffs;> E}y;fs; vd;gtw;iwf; Fwpj;J epw;ftpy;iy. nra;jpahsHfs; gpugykhd $fps; (Google) kw;Wk; mJNghd;w Njly; ,ae;jpuk; thapyhf jkf;F Ntz;ba Kf;fpa jfty;fs;> nra;jp %yq;fs; vd;gtw;iw Njl Kidfpd;wdH. ,j;jifa Njly;fSf;F ,izaj;jsq;fs;> ,d;lHnel; vd;gtw;iw ifahSk; mwpNthL kpd;dQ;ry; gw;wpa mwpTk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; Njitg;gLtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. xd;iyd; Njly;fSf;Fg; gapw;rpAk; kpf;f mtjhdKk;> nghWikAk; mtrpakhFk;. irf;fps; XLtJ, ePr;rybg;gJ Nghd;wtw;iw gapw;rp nra;tjd; %yNk gapy KbAk; vd;gJ Nghy Gjpa Clf NjlYf;Fk; gapw;rp mtrpak;. mj;Jld; ,j;jifa Gjpa r%f Clf nraw;ghLfs;> mtw;wpd; El;gq;fs; vd;git gw;wp Muk;gj;jpNyNa mwpe;jpUj;jy; ed;ikahdJk;> mtrpakhdJk; $l Vnddpy; Gjpjhf mwpKfkhfptUk; njhopy;El;gq;fs; fzzp kag;gLj;jg;gl;l Clfj;Jiwapy; mbf;fb khw;wk; ngWgitahfTk;> khw;wQ; nra;ag;gLgitahfTk;> Gjpa Gul;rpfu njhopy;El;g khw;wq;fSf;Nfw;wthW mike;jpUf;ff; $baitahfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,izaj;jsj; NjlYf;fhd

mbg;gil mk;rq;fs;:

• Njitahdit : ,izaj;jsj;ij ifahStjw;F rpy fUtpfSk; (`hl;ntaH) gpuNahfq;fSk; (nrhg;l;ntaH) Njitg;gLfpd;wd. `hHl;ntaH vd;gJ kbf;fzzp> my;yJ Nkirf;fzzp vd;gitAld; rpwe;j ,d;lHnel; (,izak;) trjpNahL (GNuhl;ghd;l; tpUk;gj;jf;fJ) ,Uf;fNtz;bajhfpd;wJ. mNjrkak; nrhg;l;ntaH (,jpy; gy tifAz;L) vd;gJ fzzpia ,af;Ftjw;F mtrpakhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. kw;Wk; ,izaj;jpy; ,iztjw;Fk; jfty;fisg; ngWtjw;Fkhd nraiy ,J Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ.

56 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

• Njly;: fzzpia ,af;fp ,izaj;jpy; ,ize;jJk;> nra;jpahsH jhk; NjLk; tplaj;ij rhpahd nrhw;fis gpuNahfpj;J jdf;Fj; Njitahd jfty;fisj; Njl Muk;gpf;fpd;whH. cjhuzkhf nra;jpahsH xUtH cs;@H Fbjz;zPhpy; GNshiul; vd;w ,urhazf; fyit fhzg;gLtjd; fhuzkhf rpWePuf Neha; Vw;gLfpd;wJ vd;w tplaj;ij Muha Kw;gLifapy;> ,izaj;jsk; %ykhf rpWePufg;ghjpg;G> kw;Wk; GNshiul; ,urhazk; Mfpaitgw;wp mwpaKw;gLfpwhH. ,J njhlHghfTk; jdf;Fj; Njitahd tplaq;fis mr;nra;jpahsH gl;baypl;L GNshiul; ,urhazk; jz;zPUlhf vt;thW rpWePufj;ijg; ghjpf;fpd;wnjd;gJ gw;wpa Ma;Tf; fl;Liu gytw;iw Muha;e;J nra;jpj; jfty;fisj; jpul;LfpwhH. • ghprPypj;jy;: jfty;fs; rupahditjhdh vd;W Mtzq;fisg; ghprPypg;gJ NghyNt ,izaj;jsk; Clhf ngw;w tplaq;fisg; ghprPypj;jYk; nra;jpahsUf;F rthyhdnjhd;whfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,izaj;jsk; Clhf gjpthfpapUg;git ghugl;rkw;wit> fr;rp jkhdit> goikahd topKiwfistpl NeHj;jpahdit vdg; ngUk;ghYk; fUjg;gLtJz;L. MapDk; ,izaj;jsk; %ykhfg; ngwg;gl;l jfty;fs; nghpJk; ghugl;rkhditahfTk; toikahd jfty;fisf; nfhz;litahfTk; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. Fwpg;ghf tpf;fpgPbah Nghd;w ,izaj;jsq;fs; gfpuq;f nra;jp %yq;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jpy; vtUk; jfty;fis NrHf;ff;$bajhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,j;jifa epiyapy; nra;jpahsH Neubahf mtw;iw ek;gfj;jd;ikAs;s tplaq;fshf vLj;Jtpl KbahJ. ,izaj;jsg;glq;fs; $l cUkhw;wg;gl;litahf ,Uf;fyhk;. vdNt nra;jpahsHfs; Vida nra;jp %yq;fSf;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk; mZFKiwiaNa fzzp ,izaj;jsq;fSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jNtz;Lk;. xU jftiy rhpahf ghprPypf;f Kbahtpl;lhy; mjidg; gad;gLj;jyhfhJ.

• $fps;: jfty;fisg; ngWtJ njhlHghf ,izaj;jsq;fisg; nghWj;jtiu $fps; (www.google.com) kf;fs; kj;jpapy; kpfg;gpugyk; ngw;wjhf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,J ve;j msTf;nfdpy; “$fps; Nrh;r;” vd;W tpidr; nrhy;yhfNt ,g;NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. re;jpg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Kd;gjhf re;jpf;ftpUf;Fk; egH rk;ge;jkhd gpd;dzp tpguq;fs;> Nkyjpf jfty;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;fhfTk; nghJ Mtzq;fs;> nra;jpj;jfty;fs; vd;gtw;iw mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhfTk; $fps; ,izaj;jsj;ij kf;fs; ehLfpd;wdH. $fps; gad;gLj;Jk; nray;KiwahdJ xt;nthU jftYk; vj;jid jlit mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;w tpguj;ijAk; jUtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mj;Jld; mjd; gpugyk;> Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;git gww;pa tpguq;fSk; Kjypy; jug;gLfpd;wd. $fpspy; tplaq;fis mZFgtHfs;> ek;gKbahjsT Ntfkhf jkf;F Ntz;batw;iw mZFtNjhL tpaf;fj;jf;f ngWNgWfisAk; ngWfpd;wdH. cjhuzj;Jf;Ff; Fwpg;gpLtjhdhy; k`pe;j uhIgf;\it $fpspy; mZFk; gl;rj;jpy;> mtH gw;wpa Njly;fis nra;J 0.06 nrf;fd;fspy; 5>560>000f;Fk; mjpfkhd tpguq;fisg; ngwKbAk;.

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xU Fwpj;j tplak; gw;wp tphpthf Muha;tjw;F $fps; ,izaj;jpd; caHthd (Advanced Search) Njly; topKiwfs; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsUf;F kpfTk; cjtpahftpUf;fpd;wd. cq;fsJ Njly; Fwpj;J rupahd thHj;ijg; gpuNahfj;jpd; %ykhf ey;y gad; fpilf;Fk;. ve;jnthU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsUk; jdJ nraw;jpl;lj;ij Muk;gpf;f $fps; ,izak; jtpHf;f Kbahjnjd;whFk;. xUtH jk;kplk; gpuj;jpNaf ,d;lHnel; trjp ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy; irgH epiyaq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W jkf;F Ntz;baij $fps; nra;a KbAk;. $batiu jdJ Neuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp Muk;gj;jpy; jug;gl;Ls;s xU rpy gf;fq;fis kl;Lky;yhJ rfy Kf;fpa gf;fq;fisAk; xU nra;jpahsH ghHitapl Ntz;Lk;. ,Wjpapy; jug;gl;Ls;s mjpFiwe;j msT ghHitaplg;gl;l gf;fq;fs;> mjp$ba jfty;fisf;nfhz;ljha; ,Uf;Fk;. tiuglq;fs;> glq;fs;;> tPbNah fhnzhspfs;> kw;Wk; Gyikrhh; fl;Liufs; vd;gtw;iw mZfTk; $fps; topaikf;fpd;wJ. ngUkstpyhd jfty; Fwpg;Gf;Ftpaypy; ,Ue;J jkf;Fhpaij NtWgLj;jpg;ghHf;Fk; tifapy; caHthd Njly; mZFKiwfisAk; $fps; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ngaHfs;> ,lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; rhpahd nrhw;fs; vd;gtw;iw kPsTk; rhpghHj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; rpwg;ghf cjTfpd;wJ. $fps; xt;nthU ,y;yk; tiu jd;id neUq;fp tuitj;Js;sJ. $fps; ,izaj;ij jw;NghJ jkpo;> rpq;fsk; nkhopfspd; ClhfTk; mZfKbAk;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

tpf;fpgPbah: tPf;fpgPbah vd;gJ XU fzzpf; fiyf;fsQ;rpakhFk;. xU egHgw;wpNah my;yJ tplak;gw;wpa jfty; tpf;fpgPbah %ykhfNt Kjypy; ,izf;fg;gLtjhf ,Uf;Fk;. fzzpf;fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vd;gJ xU jpwe;j gf;fkhf ,Ug;gNjhL mq;F vtUk; jkJ jfty;fis vOjTk;> nrk;ikg;gLj;jTk; KbAk;. “rdj;jpd; $Hkjp" vd;w hPjpapy; midtUf;Fk; mwpitg; ngw;Wj;jUk; XH mk;rkhf ,J tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. MapDk; ,jpy; gq;fspg;NghH jtWfis nra;jpUg;gNjhL rHtNjr hPjpahf jtwhd jfty;fisAk; je;Js;sdH. vdNt tpf;fpgPbahit xU tplak; Fwpj;JnghJthd jfty;fSf;fhf cgNahfpf;Fk; nra;jpahsHfs; mjpy; ntspahFk; midj;ijANk ek;gfj;jd;ikahdjhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhfhJ. ed;F ghprPypj;Jg; ghHj;j gpd;dNu cz;ikj;jd;ikia mtHfs; cWjpnra;aNtz;Lk;. gy nra;jpahsHfs; rhpahd %y tplaq;fis mbf;Fwpg;Gfis mOj;Jtjd; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kaw;rpg;gH. cj;jpNahfg+Ht ,izaj;jsq;fs;: cj;jpNahfg+Ht ,izaj;jsq;fspd; ngWkhdq;fis Gwe;js;sptplyhfhJ. njd; GNshhplhitr; NrHe;j rd;nrd;bney; vd;w gj;jphpifapd; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; rk\;b mtrufhy epHthf V[d;]papd; ,izaj;jskhd (http;//www.fema.gov) Clhf #whtsp; epthuz Nkhrbnahd;W njhlH ghd kpf Kf;fpakhd tpaf;fitf;Fk; jfty;fis ngw;wpUe;jdH. ,yq;ifapYk; NtW njd;dhrpa ehLfspYk; V[d;]p ,izaj;jsq;fs; mtw;wpd; epHthff; fl;likg;G gw;wpa tpguj;ij ngUk;ghYk; jUfpd;wd. ,jd;%ykhf mZfg;glf;$ba epHthfj;jpd; kj;jpapypUg;gtiu mwpa KbfpwJ. ,e;j tpguj;jpul;L> rk;gsq;fs;> xOq;Ftpjpfs;> Kd;ida eltbf;iffs;> njhopy;fs; jifikfs; vd;git gw;wp mwpaj;jUfpd;wd. ntspehl;L ,izaj;jsq;fs;: ,e;j ,izaj;jsq;fisj; NjLtjd; %yk; ,yq;ifapy; tHj;jf eltbf;iffspy; <LgLk; ntspehl;Lf;fk;gdpfs;> jdpegHfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis njspTw mwpaKbAk;. mnkhpf;fhtpy; XH ,yq;if fk;gdp tHj;jf eltbf;ifapy; <Lgl;bUf;FNkahdhy;> xU nra;jpahsH mJgw;wpa kpfg;gaDs;s jfty;fis mnkhpf;f gq;Fr;re;ij kw;Wk; ehza Mizf;FOtpd; vl;fhH tpguf;nfhj;J %ykhfg; ngwKbAk;. (http;//www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/webusers.htm). ,izaj;jsq;fspd; cz;ikj;jd;ik: gj;jphpif Mtzq;fspd; cz;ikj;jd;ikia nra;jpahsHfs; mwpaKw;gLtJNghy> ,izaj;jsq;fspd; jfty;fspd; ek;gfj;jd;ikiaAk; mtHfs; cWjpnra;aNtz;Lk;.

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,izaj;js cz;ikawpjy; cupkk;: Fwpj;j ,izaj;jsk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba epGzuhy; my;yJ kjpf;fg;glf;$ba epWtdnkhd;wpdhy; ,af;fg;gl;ljh? fr;rpjk;: vOj;Jg;gpiofs; jtwhd jfty; cs;s ,izaj;jsq;fs; jtpu;f;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

Njhw;wk;: ,izaj;jsk; ed;F eph;khzpf;fg;gl;ljh? rhr;irf;Fhpa njhopy; uPjpaw;w mZFKiw Fog;gkhditahFk;.

Nehf;fk;: Fwpj;j ,izaj;jsk; mjd;; Nehf;fj;ij G+h;j;jpnra;fpwjh? ehzak;: jfty;fs; Neu;j;jpahditah? rpghu;Rfs;: ek;gj;jFe;j epGzu;fs;> epWtdq;fshy;; rpghupRnra;ag;gl;ldth? ,izg;G: Fwpj;j ,izaj;jsk; NtW ek;gfkhd kjpf;fg;glf;$ba ,izaj;jsq;fSld; njhlu;Ggl;ljh?

Mok;: xU tplaj;ij kpf Neu;j;jpahf mZfpAs;sjh?

Gupe;Jnfhs;sy;: tplaq;fs; Vw;fg;glf;$baitah?

Neubahditahf ,Uf;fpd;wdth? ek;gfj;jd;ik: jfty;fs; mwpTG+u;tkhditah? mtw;wpy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lit gyg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sdth?;

tiyg;gpd;dy; njhlHGila ez;gHfsplkpUe;J xU rpW cjtp: r%f Clfk;: “r%f Clfk;" vd;gjd; tiutpyf;fzk; nghJthd tpUg;gq;fs;> tplaq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s kf;fs; jk;kpilNa xyp> xsp %ykhd njhlHGfis ,izaj;jsq;fs; %ykhff; nfhz;bUj;jiyf; Fwpg;gjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 'Kfg;Gj;jfk;" (Ng];Gf;) vd;gJ kpfTk; nry;thf;Fila ,izaj;jskhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Vidait Ltpl;lH> gpypf;fH> NtHl;gpu];> Gnshf;fH> A++bAg; vd;gdthFk;

60 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

r%f Clfj;Jiw gj;jphpifj;Jiwia nghpJk; khw;wp tUfpd;wJ. r%f Clfj;Jiw cUthFKd;dH nghJthd Clfj;Jiw vd;gJ xUtopg;ghq;fhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. nra;jpahsHfs;> gj;jphpif MrphpaHfs; MfpNahH nra;jpfisj; jahhpj;J> mtw;iw Neubahf thrfHfs; kw;Wk; NeaHfSf;Fr; NrHg;gpj;jdH.

Mdhy; r%f Clfj;Jiwapd; mwpKfj;NjhL> Clfj;Jiw vd;gJ gytopfisf; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy; jfty;fs; gytopfspYk; ghpkhwg;gLtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jid Clfj;Jiwapd;; [dehafg; Nghf;F vd tHzpf;f Kbfpd;wJ.

Clfj;Jiwapd; jd;dhjpf;fj;jd;ikia tphpthf;fptpl;Ls;sJ.

khw;wp

mjid

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Gjpa r%f Clfj;Jiw> “gpui[fs; Clfj;Jiw" vd;w Gjpa cUthf;fj;Jf;Fk; topaikj;Js;sJ. ,jd;%yk; rhjhuz gpui[fSk; jhk; mwpAk; FWe;jfty;fs;> glq;fs; vd;gtw;iw xUtNuhnlhUtH ghpkhwpf; nfhs;sKbAk;. ,jd; %yk; nra;jpr; Nrfhpg;ngd;gJ gpuj;jpNafkhf ,dpNkYk; gapw;wg;gl;l njhopy;rhH gj;jphpifahsHfSf;Nf chpj;JilaJ vd;w vz;zf;fU khw;wkile;Js;sJ. Kd;ngy;yhk; Xbr;nrd;W Ngl;bfisf;fz;l nra;jpahsHfs; jw;NghJ ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrp %ykhfNt gyijAk; ifahSfpd;wdH. njhlHghly;> glq;fis vLj;jy;> glq;fis mDg;Gjy;> FWe;jfty; Nrit Nghd;wit ,tw;wpy; mlq;Fk;. mz;ikapy; vfpg;J> ypgpah. rphpah Nghd;w ehLfspy; rhjhuz gpui[fs; jfty;fis gputhfnkLf;f tpl;lij ed;fwpaKbAk;. njhopy; hPjpahd nra;jpahsHfSf;F fl;Lg;ghLfs;> jilfs; tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Nghnjy;yhk;> rhjhuz gpui[fNs r%f Clfj;Jiw thapyhf gyjug;gl;l jfty;fisf; nfhz;L te;jpUe;jij mwpaKbe;jJ. ,e;epiyapy;> nra;jpahsHfs; ,g;Gjpa gpui[fs; r%f Clftpay; %ykhf frpatplg;gLk; nra;jpj;jfty;fshy; gadila Kw;gLfpd;wdH. ,g;Gjpa r%f Clftpay; cUthf;fj;ij jkJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw rhHe;j eltbf;iffspy; KOikahfg; gad;gLj;j nra;jpahsHfs; Kd;tuNtz;bajhfpd;wJ.

62 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

mj;jpahak; vl;L

nra;jpiaj; jahhpj;jy; gpiotplyhfhJ: xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahshplk; mt;tUlj;jpw;fhd kpfr;rpwe;j Gydha;Tr; nra;jp xd;W ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mjd; tpguq;fs; Fwpg;Gg;Gj;jfq;fspYk;> tpguf;nfhj;jhfTk;> NfhitfspYk; ,Ue;jhy; mHj;jkw;wjhfptpLk;. mj;Jld; gj;jphpiffspYk;> miythpirfspYk; mr;nra;jp Fog;gkhd jfty;fNshL tUkhapd; mjdhy; vt;tpj gaDk; ,Uf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. vdNt xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpia rhpahd tpjj;jpy; thrfHfSk;> NeaHfSk; KOikahd <Lghl;Lld; mwpAk;tpjj;jpy; njhptpg;gNj xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahshpd; flikahFk;. ey;y jfty;fNshLk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;kpf;fjhf ,Uf;Fk; mr;nra;jp uridaw;wjhf ntsptuyhfhJ. xU nra;jpia toq;FtJ rk;ge;jkhfNt Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH vg;NghJk; rpe;jpf;fNtz;batuhfpd;whH. rpyH jhk; nra;jp Nrfhpf;f Muk;gpj;j Neuk; Kjy; xU efy; gpujpia Kjyhtjhf vOJfpd;wdH. ,jd; %yk; jkf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; Gjpa jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy; jkJ nra;jpia mtHfs; ed;F tbtikf;f KbfpwJ. ,t;thW nraw;glhtpl;lhy;> nra;jpahsH jk;kplKs;s mjpf jfty;fSld; jiyiaf; Fok;gpagb ntWk; gf;fnkhd;iwNa itj;jpUf;fKbfpwJ. vdNt Fwpj;j nra;jpahshpd; mYtyf Nkw;ghHitahsH xU ey;y nra;jp Fwpj;J epiwaNt vjpHghHg;NghL ,Uf;ifapy; nra;jpahsH ];jk;gpjkilAk; epiyAk; Vw;gl;LtpLk;.

Clfj;Jiw “cj;juthjk;": efy; nra;jpia vOJtjw;F kw;WnkhU fhuzKk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. nra;jpahsH jdJ fijapd; fUg;nghUSf;Fhpa egiuNah my;yJ epWtdj;ijNah ufrpakhd Kiwapy; ntspNaapUe;Nj mZfNtz;bajhfpd;wJ. ,e;epiyapy; Gydha;Tj;jfty; jpul;lg;gLtJ njhlHghd tplak; frpe;J Fwpj;j nra;jpf;Fhpa egH c\huilAk; tha;g;Gk; cs;sJ. ,jdhy; me;egH jtWfis %bkiwf;Fk; tpjj;jpYk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpf;Fs; jd;id cl;gLj;jhjtpjj;jpy; gj;jphpifahsH khehnlhd;Wf;F Vw;ghL nra;J jdJ Gjpa eltbf;iffs; gw;wp mwptpf;f Kayf;$Lk;. nra;jpahsUf;F Nghl;bahapUf;Fk; kw;nwhU nra;jpahsUf;F xNu tplaj;ij NtnwhU Nfhzj;jpy; toq;fp tplaj;ij jpirjpUg;gTk; KbAk;. ,y;iyNay; Fwpj;j Clf epWtdj;jpw;nfjpuhf rl;l eltbf;if vLf;f KidaTk; $Lk;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt nra;jpahsH jdJ ,yf;Ff;Fhpa egiu mZf Kd;G jdJ tplak; gw;wpa jfty; Fwpg;nghd;iw vOjpitg;gJ mtrpakhdjhfpd;wJ. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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mf;Fwpg;ngd;gJ RUf;fkhdjhfTk;> NkNyhl;lkhdjhfTk; ,Ug;gijtplf; fhj;jpukhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; Fwpj;j tplaj;ij kWf;fKw;gLk; egiuNah epWtdj;ijNah Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; tpjj;jpy; gj;jphpif thapyhfNth> miythpirfs; thapyhfNth ntspg;gLj;jf; $bajhfTk; mf;Fwpg;G mikaNtz;Lk;. ,t;thW cj;juthjg;gLj;jp vOJtnjd;gJ nra;jpapy;; Fiwfs; ,Ug;gpd; vLj;Jf;fhl;LtNjhL> jdJ ,yf;Ff;Fhpa eghplk; Fwpg;ghf Nfl;fg;gl Ntz;batw;iw epr;rag;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; cjTtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. xU cj;juthj efiy vOJtJ my;yhJ cj;juthj mwpf;ifia vOJtnjd;gJ vjpHtpisTfis jUtNjhL epahakw;wjhfTk; Njhd;wyhk;. xU nra;jpia Kf;fpa jfty; xd;wpy;yhky; vt;thW vOjKbAk;? nra;jp Nrfhpg;G epiwtilAk; Kd;gjhf Fwpj;j nra;jp gw;wpa ghjfkhd tplaq;fis Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;tJ epahakh Nghd;w Nfs;tpfs; Njhd;wyhk;. cz;ikapy;> mg;gb ,y;iy. Nkhl;lhHthfd cw;gj;jpahsHfs; jkJ jahhpg;Gf;fis tpw;gidf;F Kd;dH ghPl;rpg;gJ NghyNt> nra;jpahsUk; jdJ nra;jpiag; ghPl;rpg;gNj Nkw;Fwpj;j eltbf;ifahFk;. vdNt jkJ epiyg;ghL; jtW vd;W tUk;NghJ nra;jpahsH mf;fijia khw;wpaikf;fyhk;. my;yJ Kw;wpYkhf ePf;fpAk; tplyhk;. vdpDk;> mJ gw;wp xj;jpif ghHg;gJ mtrpak;. gpdtUtdtw;iwAk; ifahsyhk;: • NgRjy;: xU fijiag; gw;wpj; jdJ NkyjpfhhpAld; my;yJ jdJ rfghbAld; NgRtJ $l mf;fijia vOJtjw;F cjtpahf mikAk;. ,f;fijia nrtpkLg;gtH mjid NkYk; nrk;ikg;gLj;JtJ gw;wpa MNyhridia toq;fKbAk;. Gypl;] h; tpUJ vd;w gj;jphpifj;Jiwf;fhd ghprpid %d;W jlitfs; ntd;w Nthy;l; nghf;lhdpf; vd;w epA+NahHf; ilk;]; gj;jphpifapy; gzpahw;Wk; gj;jphpifahsH> jdJ nra;jp gw;wpj; jdJ rfhf;fSld; mbf;fb jhd; NgRtjhf $wpapUe;jhH. mr;nra;jpia Mr;rhpaj;NjhL mtHfs; Nfl;fhtpl;lhy;> mjidj; jhd; rhptug; ngwtpy;iy vd;W fUjpajhfTk; $wpAs;shH.

• mk;khTf;Ff; $WtJ: jkJ KjyhtJ nra;jpia vOJk;NghJ> nra;jpahsH jhahUld; jkJ rhg;ghl;L Nkirapy; mkHe;jthW mJgw;wpg; NgRtJNghy vz;zNtz;Lk;. rpNefg+HtkhfTk;> xj;Jiog;ghd Kfghtj;JlDk; nra;jpahsH rq;flg;glhJ fijnrhy;tJ Nghy xU rhjhuz thrfH mwpAk;gbahf jdJ nra;jpiar; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.

• Muk;gk;: mtuJ fijf;F xU ey;y Muk;gj;ij nfhLg;gjw;fhf Muk;g trdq;fis vOjNtz;Lk;. XH cgNahfkhd nrhw;gpuNahfk; vd;dntdpy; “,j;jfty; vdJ thrfHfs; / NeaHfSf;F ……………… mwpaj;jUk;” vd;w trdk; ,ilntsp epug;gg;gLk;NghJ nra;jpf;fhd mwpKfkha; mike;JtpLfpwJ. cjhuzk;: vdJ thrfHfs; / NeaHfSf;F ,j;jfty; mwpaj;jUtJ ahnjdpy; 64 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

Njrpa ePHtoq;fy; tbfhyikg;Gr;rig fz;bg;gpuNjrj;ijr; #oTs;s ePiug; ghpNrhjpj;jNghJ mjpy; GNshiul; msT Ie;J klq;F mjpfkhf ,Ug;gij mwpe;Js;sJ. vdpDk;> tpQ;Qhdpfs; me;ePH kdpjg;ghtidf;F cfe;jjhFk; vd;W $WfpwhHfs;.

• ftHr;rpahd thHj;ij: xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpf;F ftHr;rpfukhd thHj;ijg; gpuNahfk; xU ey;y Muk;gj;ijj; jUk;. Coy;> J\;gpuNahfk;> mur ghugl;rk; vd;gtw;why; ghjpf;fg;gl;lthpd; epiyikiaAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gLtjpdhy; rpf;fyhd xU tplak; RKfkhfptpLfpwJ.

• ,ay;ghf vOJjy;: kdk; vd;gJ gyk; tha;e;jJ. MapDk; jkJ kdk; vt;tsT Jhuk; fpufpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wnjd;gJ gw;wp xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH Fiwj;Nj kjpg;gpLtJz;L. vdNt kdjhy; fpufpj;J xU nra;jpia vOJtJ xU KiwikahFk;. kdjpy; gjpaitj;J vOJtjd; %yk; nra;jpnahd;iw fhl;rpg;gLj;jp vOJtNjhL> jfty;fs; gpd;dH khw;wg;glNtz;Lk; my;yJ cWjp nra;ag;glNtz;ba epiy te;jhYk; mtw;iwr; nra;aTk; KbfpwJ. vOJk; tpjk;: Gjpjhf nra;jpfs; ntspf;nfhz;Ltug;gLk;NghJ> Fwpg;ghf NeHj;jpahfTk; NeubahfTk; vOjg;gLk; NghJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfs; rpwg;Gw mike;JtpLfpd;wd.

• ,yFeil: kpfTk; ,ay;ghf ,yF eilapy; trdq;fs; mikf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. rpf;fyhd trdk; kw;Wk; nrhw;gpuNahfq;fs; xU ey;ynkhopg; gputhfj;ij ghohf;fptpLk;.

• mirT: trdq;fis mikf;Fk;NghJ nrag;ghl;L tpid jtpHf;fg;gl;L nra;tpid nrhw;gpuNahfq;fisNa ghtpf;fNtz;Lk;.

• njhdp: cq;fsplk; ey;y tplaq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ gugug;ghf jfty;fisj; njhptpf;f Ntz;ba Njit ,y;iy. xU rpW mwpf;if gj;jphpifj;Jiwapy; $Ljy; njhdpAld; ntsptuKbAk;. nraw;ghl;Ltpid Nghd;wit xU nra;jpia mjd; cz;ikj;jd;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghf tHzpf;ff;$bait. mj;Jld; nganur;rk; kw;Wk; tpidnar;rk; Nghd;wd nra;jpahsUf;Fk; gpur;rpidia cz;Lgz;zf;$Lnkd;gjhy; mtw;iw tpyf;FtJ ey;yJ. tpNrl nrhw;fs;: rhjhuz - ,yFeilahd nrhw;fsd;wp kaf;fk; jUk; tpNrl nrhw;fis jtpHf;fNtz;Lk;. epGzj;Jtk;kpf;ftHfs; tpNrl nrhw;fisg; ghtpj;Jg; Ngryhk;. Mdhy; Clfq;fspy; ,tw;iwg; ghtpf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; thrfHfSk; NeaHfSk; rypg;gila NehpLk;. uha;l;lH nra;jpr;Nritapd; nra;jpfis vOJtjw;fhd topfhl;lypy; mHj;jk;Ghpahj kaf;fkspf;Fk; nrhw;fs;> trdq;fisg; ghtpf;f Ntz;lhnkd njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. KbAkhdtiu cq;fsJ ghl;bkhUk; mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy; vOjNtz;Lnkd;Nw mt;topfhl;lypy; njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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,uj;jpdf;fw;fs;: nrhw;gpuNahfq;fs;> cjhuzq;fs;> glq;fs; vd;git xU fijapd; njhdpg;nghUis efHj;jpr; nry;Ygitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. tuz;LNghd jfty;fisf;$l capNuhl;lk; ngwr; nra;gitahf mit mikfpd;wd. vdNt ngWkjpahd ,uj;jpdf;fw;fisg;Nghy msNthL> mtjhdkhf> cz;ikia myq;fhpg;gitahf trd eil mikaNtz;Lk;. gpui[fs; Clf ,izaj;jsk;: [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uhIgf;\tpd; ,uz;lhtJ gjtpf;fhyj;ij nfhz;lhLk; tpjj;jpy; 12 Mapuk; fpNyhfpuhk; ghw;NrhW jahhpf;fg;gl;lij groundviews.org ,izaj;jsk; moFwj;je;jpUe;jJ. mg;ghw;NrhW jahuhdJ gw;wp cyf czTjpl;l juTfis Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;b me;j ,izaj;jsk; je;jpUe;j jftypy; XH mfjpf;F 165 tUlq;fs; cztspf;f mg;ghw;NrhW NghJkhdjhf ,Ue;jnjd Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jJ. mj;Jld; Ie;J Ngulq;fpa XH mfjpf;FLk;gj;J 41 tUlq;fs; cztspf;f mg;ghw;NrhW NghJkhdnjdTk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jJ. (http;//groundviews.org/2010/11/19/record-breaking-rice-cakes-butat-what-cost/) fijtbtk;: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfisj; jUk; tpjj;jpy; ePz;lfhykhf Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; rpy fij mikg;G tbtq;fis ifahz;bUe;jdH. gpugykhdJk;> gaDs;sJkhd ,Utif mZFKiwfs;: Kd;Fwpfs;: ,JNt kpfg; nghJthd gj;jphpifg; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpnahd;wpw;fhd fl;likg;ghFk;. ,jpy; cs;s rpwg;ngd;dntdpy;> ,k;Kd;Fwpfis njhpTnra;jJk; mjid mf;fijapd; gpd;dzpahd gy;NtW fl;lq;fspYk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. xt;nthU FwpAk; xU Kf;fpa ghfj;ij nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,it xt;nthd;iwAk; Nkyjpf tpguq;fNshL kPsg;ghHf;fTk; KbAk;. ,jw;fhd epak mk;rq;fs;: • xU RUf;fkhd Muk;gk;.

• thrfHfSf;F MHtj;ijj; J}z;b fijapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Fwpg;gpLk; tpjj;jpy; XhpU gj;jpfs;.

• gpur;rpidapy; epGzj;Jtkpf;fthplkpUe;J xU $w;W. • tplaj;Jf;FhpathplkpUe;J gjpy; - gpu];jhg fijapy; ,J Kf;fpakdjhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

• kf;fSila MHtk; gw;wpa Nfhzj;jpyhd xU tpsf;fk;.

• Gydha;tpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lit gw;wp Kd;Fwpfs; vd;w mZFKiw %ykhd ntspg;ghLfs;. fPo;tUtJ Fog;gkhdjhf ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mjd; Nghf;F ,ay;ghdjhfNt mike;Js;sJ. Neha;tha;g;gl;l fwitg;gRf;fspd; gioa fijia XH cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

Muk;gk;: xU tptrha jpizf;fs epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; ,ytrkhf fwitg;gRf;fs;> MLfs; vd;gtw;iw fpuhkpa kf;fSf;Fj; jUtjhf cWjpaspj;jpUe;jJ. khwhf Neha;tha;g;gl;l> gytPdkhd fhy;eilfNs toq;fg;gl;lij nfhOk;igr; NrHe;j Gydha;thsHfs; fz;lwpe;jpUe;jdH. ntspaply;: fle;j ,U tUlfhykhf tptrha jpizf;fsk; Mapuk; Nfhb&ghit jdJ MNuhf;fpakhd fwitg;gR> MLtsHg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpw;nfd nrytpl;L ghy;jUk; KjpHr;rpahd gRitAk; ,iwr;rpf;fhf MLfisAk; nfhOk;Gf;F ntspNa cs;s ehd;F yl;rk; fpuhkpa FLk;gq;fSf;F toq;f Kd;te;jij Ngl;bfSk; mwpf;iffSk; njhptpj;jd. ntspaply;: Mdhy; gytPdkhd Neha;tha;g;gl;l fhy;eilfs; mjpf tpiyapy; thq;fg;gl;L mit gpd;dH gadw;w Kiwapy; fpuhkpa kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;lik ghpNrhjidfspd;NghJ njhpate;jJ. mj;Jld; mf;fhy; eilfis toq;fpa Vf tpepNahf];jUf;Fk; ,e;j jpl;lj;ij Nkw;ghHit nra;j epHthf mjpfhhpf;Fk; gzhPjpahd njhlHGfs; ,Ue;jikiaAk; mwpf;iffs; Rl;bf;fhl;bd. ghjpf;fg;gl;lthpd; $w;W: Nrhkghy N`tNf vd;w fz;biar; NrHe;j twpa tptrhap xUtH Fwpj;j fhy;eilj;jpl;lk; FWfpa fld; mbg;gilapy; jpl;lkplg;gl;ljhfTk;> Mdhy; jkf;F ,j;jpl;lk; mjpf nrytPdj;ij Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jjhfTk; njhptpj;jpUe;jhH. mj;Jld; Neha;tha;g;gl;l gRkhnlhd;iwNa jkf;Fj; je;jjd;%yk; murhq;fk; jdf;Fg; ngUQ;Rikia Vw;gLj;jptpl;ljhfTk; mg;gRit capUld; itj;jpUf;fNt jhk; gy E}W &gha;fis nrytpl;ljhfTk; mtH njhptpj;jpUe;jhH. “xU gytPdkhd> epw;fNt Kbahj gRkhnlhd;iw Nghl;Ltpl;L mur mYtyHfs; rphpj;jgb nrd;Wtpl;ldH." vdTk; n`tNf njhptpj;jhH. NkYk; mtH njhptpf;ifapy; ' Neha;tha;g;gl;l mg;gRitg; ngw;wjpypUe;J mjw;F nghpJk; kUe;Jr;nryit Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;bapUe;jJ. ,jdhy; gps;isfSf;F ghlrhiy rPUilfis thq;f KbahjpUe;jJ. mj;Jld; mtHfs; ey;y czitAk; cz;z Kbatp;y;iy. mg;gRkhL kpfTk; nkypthdjhy; tpw;gid nra;aTk; Kbatpy;iy." fpuhkpa mgptpUj;jp vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; 2009 Mk; Mz;L Nfhyhfykhd Kiwapy; ,jid [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\ mwpKfg;gLj;jp tWikia 20 rjtPjj;jhy; Fiwf;fg;Nghtjhf njhptpj;jpUe;jhH. ,j;jpl;lk; [dhjpgjpapd; nry;thf;if fpuhkpag;gFjpapy; mjpfhpf;fr; nra;jjhf epGzHfs; $wpaNjhL kPsTk; mtUf;F NjHjypy; mjpfstpyhd thf;Ffisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jjhfTk; njhptpj;jdH. njhpe;J nfhz;lit: ,j;jpl;lk; vt;thW nraw;gLfpwJ vd;gij Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; mwpa Kw;gl;ldH. mtHfs; ngUksT mur Mtzq;fis ghprPypj;jdH. mjpfsT fpuhkpa kf;fisg; Ngl;bfz;ldH. njhz;lH kpUfitj;jpaHfs; Clhf 100 gRf;fisAk;> 100 MLfisAk; ghprPypf;fitj;jdH.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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,g;Gydha;Tfs; fz;lwpe;jit: 80 tPjj;Jf;fjpfkhd gRf;fs; kpf tNahjpgkile;jitahfTk; ghy; Ruf;f KbahJkpUe;jd. 75 rjtPjkhd MLfs; Neha;tha;g;gl;L ,iwr;rpf;F cjthjitahf ,Ue;jd. midj;J fhy;eilfspdJk; vil murhq;f epHza msTf;Ff; Fiwthditahf ,Ue;jd. murhq;fk; fhy; eil xd;Wf;F ruhrhp 500 &ghitr; nrYj;jpapUe;jJ. ,J fhy;eilf;fhd re;ij tpiyia tpl ,ul;bg;ghdjhFk;. ,e;j fhy;eilfspd; Vf tpepNahf];jH nfhOk;G rPnke;J Miy elj;JduhtH. ,tUf;F xU njhlHkhbf;fl;blkpUe;jJ. mq;NfNa ,f;fhy;eilj;jpl;lj;jpd; epHthfpahd gPl;lH rpy;th ,Ue;J tUfpwhH. gjpy; tpisT: kWj;jpUe;jhH. ,j;jpl;lj;ij “vf;FiwAkw;w

rpy;th Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahshpd; ,f;fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fis [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;\tpd; murpay; vjphpfNs tpkHrpg;gjd; gpd;dzpapy; ,Ug;gjhfTk;> ,JNthH ntw;wpj;jpl;lk;" vdTk; mtH $wpapUe;jhH.

gjpy;tpisT: mtH NkYk; $Wifapy; jdJ njhlHkhbr; nrhe;jf;fhuNu VftpepNahf];jH vdTk; 15 fk;gdpfs; Vyj;jpy; ,e;j jpl;lj;ij Vw;f Kd;te;jNghjpYk; Fwpj;j nfhOk;G rPnke;Jf; fk;gdp Kf;fpa];jNu Fiwe;j Vyj;jpy; toq;f Kd;te;jjhfTk; rpy;th Fwpg;gpl;lhH. Neubj;jfty;: ,JnthU Gydha;Tj;jfty; Mifahy; gpur;rpidia tpghpf;ff;$ba tpjj;jpy; ,jd; Muk;gk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. ,jd; gpd;dH mg;gpur;rpidia njspTgLj;Jk; tpguq;fs; mike;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. ,Jtplaj;jpy; Kd;Fwp mZFKiwia gad;gLj;jKbahJ. Vnddpy; ,J ,Wf;fkhdjy;y. mj;Jld; nghpJk; myrg;glf;$bajhfpd;wJ. fPo;tUk; jz;zPH GNshiul; gpur;rpid XH cjhuzkhFk;.

Neubj;jfty;: xd;gJ tajhd rpWkp Nrghspfh NtjidNahL gLj;jpUf;fpwhs;. jdJ rpWePuf gpur;rpidf;fhd layp]py; rpfpr;irf;fhf cly; tpaHj;jthW> rpyhgj;jpd; fpuhkpa itj;jparhiynahd;wpy; mtH fhj;jpUf;fpwhH. mt;itj;jparhiy cl;gFjpapy; xt;nthU thuKk; mg;ngz; fhj;jpUg;gJ tof;fkhFk;.

Neubj;jfty;: Nrghspfhtpd; rpWePufq;fs; tho;ehs; KOtJk; Fzg;gLj;j Kbahj epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;;. ,JNghyNt gy rpWtHfsJ rpWePufq;fSk; gOjhfp mtHfs; rpWePuf ,af;fj;Jf;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; layp]py; rpfpr;irf;Fs;shf Ntz;bAs;sdH. ,jw;fhd Kf;fpa fhuzk; mtHfs; mUe;Jk; jz;zPuhFk;. tpgur; NrHf;if: Mdhy; epGzHfs; mUe;Jtjw;F cfe;jnjdf; $wpAs;s epak msittpl jz;z;Phpy; Ie;J klq;F GNshiul; fye;Js;sik ghpNrhjidfspy; njhpate;Js;sJ. mj;Jld; ,Jgw;wpa Njrpa ePH tsq;fs; tbfhyikg;G rigapd; tprhuizapypUe;J njupatUtjhtJ……….

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

epiwT: Muk;gj;ijg;NghyNt nra;jpapd; epiwTk; Kf;fpakhdJ. Fwpj;j Gydha;Tj; jfty; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWk; epiyapy; mj;jfty; rhHe;j tplaq;fis xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf nfhz;L nry;tJ xU Kbit Nehf;fp efUtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mf;fijak;rj;NjhL mjidj;jUk; nra;jpahsUld; mtuJ thrfHfs; / NeaHfs; ,Ug;ghHfNsahdhy; mtHfSf;F ey;yKiwapy; jdJ tplaq;fis mtH njhptpf;f Ntz;batuhfpwhH. ,jid XH czHTg+Htkhd mZFKiw %yk; thrfH kdjpy; ed;F gjpAk; tpjj;jpy; mtH nra;aNtz;batuhfpwhH. ,J ngUk;ghYk; Fwpj;j fijapd; Muk;g epiyNahL njhlHGgl;L gpd;dH epiwTf;F tUtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. glj;jfty;fs;: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; ngUk;ghYk; jkJ tplaq;fis glq;fs;> tPbNahf;fs;> kw;Wk; xyptbtq;fNshL nfhLg;gJ gw;wp vz;zNtz;Lk;. ,jw;F gpuhe;jpar; nra;jpahsHfSk; tpjptpyf;fy;y. ,yq;if rk;ge;jg;gl;l ,izaj;jsq;fspy; cs;s glq;fs; kw;Wk; tPbNahf;fs; %ykhf jkJ nra;jpia ed;F tsHj;Jr; nry;yKbAk;. glq;fis ed;F jpl;lkpl;L njhpT nra;aNtz;bAs;sJ. jkJ Nkw;ghHitahshpd; cjtpNahL rpy Mzpj;jukhd glq;fis jkJ fijfNshL ,izf;fKbAk;. mitahtd: • tiuglq;fs;: xU gpur;rpidapd; Gtpapay; gpd;dzpia tpsf;fTk;> mj;Jld; rk;gtq;fSf;Fhpa gFjpfis fhz;gpf;fTk; $fps; tiuglq;fs; cjtpahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf jz;zPH khriljy; gw;wp vOj;jpy; tpghpg;gijtpl tiugl tpsf;fq;fspdhy; mwpaj;juyhk;. mj;NjhL gj;jphpif epWtdq;fSk; gltpsf;fq;fNshL Gjpa jfty;fisj; jUgitahf mikfpd;wd.

• ml;ltizfSk; tiuGfSk;: ,itfNs fzpj mbg;gilapy; Gs;sptpguq;fNshL tpsf;fkspf;fpd;wd. ,y;iyNay; tiuGfsw;w thndhyp miythpirfs; Nghd;W> tplaq;fspy; chpa tpsf;fq;fisf; nfhLf;fKbahJ.

• glq;fs;: xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH jkJ Ngl;bfs;> jfty;fSf;Fhpa glq;fis vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy; xU glg;gpbg;ghsiu jk;NkhL Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj itj;Jf; nfhs;tJz;L;. jk; ,yf;fhdtiu Ngl;bfhZk;NghJk; glg;gpbg;ghsH cld; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Gifg;glg;gpbg;ghsH mtuJ gzpNahL kl;Lk; epd;WtplhJ nra;jpahsUld; ,ize;J ifahSfpd;w tplaq;fSf;F mtw;wpd; fr;rpjjd;ikgw;wp Nfs;tp vOk;NghJ rhl;rpahfTk; ,Uf;f KbfpwJ. XH mdHj;jj;jpd; Kd;duhd kw;Wk; gpd;duhd tplaq;fis njspTwj; jUtjpy; Gifg;glq;fs; $l Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wd.

• ,izaj;js gq;fspg;Gfs;: xyp kw;Wk; glq;fis xUq;fpizg;gjpy; ,izaj;jsq;fs; rpwe;j fskhf ,Uf;fpd;wd. xU fijia tPbNah glnkhd;wpd; %ykhfr; nrhy;yKbAk;. [g;ghdpy; 2011 Rdhkp Nguiyj;jhf;fk; gw;wp ntspahd tPbNah jfty;fs; ,jw;F ey;y cjhuzkhFk;.

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mj;jpahak; xd;gJ

Kuz;ghlhd Ngl;b ,Wjpahf Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH gy;NtWgl;l nra;jp %yq;fisAk; re;jpj;j gpd;dH> jkf;F Ntz;ba Mtzq;fis Nrfhpj;Jk;> mtw;iw Muha;e;Jk; cj;juthjg;gLj;jpa gpd;dH> mLj;jfl;lkhf Kuz;ghlhd Ngl;bia Nehf;fp efu KbfpwJ. ,j;jUzj;jpNyNa jdJ tplaj;NjhL rk;ge;jg;gl;lthplk; NeUf;FNeH jhd; mwpe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;ltw;iw Kd;itf;fpwhH. ,jid xU Kuz;ghlhd Ngl;b vd Vd; miog;gnjdpy; ,f;fl;lj;jpy; nra;jpahsH xU tof;Fj; njhLeH Nghy jdJ Mjhuq;fis Kd;itj;J Nfs;tpf;FhpathplkpUe;J fhj;jpukhd gjpy;fisg; ngwKaYfpwhH. ,e;j mZFKiw ,Ujug;Gf;Fk; Nrhjidaspf;Fk; > tpuf;jpaspf;Fk; jd;ikahdjhf ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; xU Kuz;ghlhd Ngl;b Kuz;gl;ljhfNt ,Uf;fNtz;Lnkd;gjpy;iy. ,j;jifa nray;Kiw Clfj;Jiwapd; epahakhd - fr;rpjkhd Nehf;fq;fis nfsutkhf g+Hj;jp nra;fpwJ . ,e;epiyapy; czHr;rptrkhd jd;ikf;F ,lkspf;fhJ> Mjhuq;fis fhz;gpj;J NeHikahd MHtj;ij ntspg;gLj;jp Nfs;tpf;FhpathplkpUe;J mtH $w Ntz;baij mwpayhk;. ,d;Wq;$l njd;dhrpahtpy; cs;s Clf epWtdq;fs; mehkNja %yq;fis mbg;gilahfitj;J nra;jpfisj; jUfpd;wd . ,jp;y; Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gl;l jdpeghplkpUe;Njh my;yJ epWtdj;jplkpUe;Njh vt;tpj fUj;Jf;fSk; vLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. mjpfhuk; nfhz;l xUtiu Neubahf vjpHnfhs;s Kbahikahy; nra;jpahsH xUtH mtuJ fUj;Jf;fis vLf;f Kd;tUtjpy;iy. mj;Jld; rhjhuz KWfy; epiy$l fyhrhu gpd;dzpNahL ,Uf;fpd;w mNjrkak;> tajhdtHfSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;> nry;thf;Fg;gilj;NjhH kPjhd mZFKiw Nghd;wit xU nra;jpahsUf;F mtuJ nfsutj;ij ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w czHitf; nfhLf;fpwJ. gaKWj;jy;> td;Kiw> rl;leltbf;if> Mj;jpuntspg;ghL Nghd;wit $l nra;jpahsiug; Ngl;bfis vLg;gjpypUe;Jk; jtpHj;JtpLfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; Kuz;ghlhd Ngl;bfis tpyf;fpf; nfhs;tJ Clfj;njhopypy; xU jtwhFk;. ,jdhy; Fwpj;j nra;jp g+uzj;Jtkpy;yhjpUg;gNjhL mjidf; ifahz;l nra;jpahsH midj;ijAk; mwpe;jtH vd;w khiaiaAk; Vw;gLj;jp tpLfpd;wJ. Gydhuhag;gLk; Coy;gw;wp rhjhuz mwpf;ifnahd;W ntspahdij nra;jpahsH mwpahjpUf;fyhk;. mj;Jld; Ntz;lg;gLgtH nra;jpahshpdhy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ltw;iw cWjp nra;J ghuJ}ukhd fUj;Jf;fisAk; mJ gw;wpf; $wyhk;.

70 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

MapDk; ngUksT fhyNeuj;ijAk;> cly; gyj;ijAk; tpuak; nra;jgpd;dH Kuz;gl;l Ngl;bnahd;iw vLf;fhjpUg;gJ nra;jpahsiug; nghWj;jtiu njhopy;hPjpahd gpd;dilthf ,Uf;fyhk;. gyk;tha;e;jtHfSila jtWfs; gw;wp Kuz;gLtjpy; ,yq;ifr; nra;jpahsHfs; neLe; Jhuk; nrd;Ws;sdH. ,jd; %yk; tha;%ykhd cly;hPjpahd mr;RWj;jy;fs;> tp\kj;jdkhd rl;leltbf;if> rpiwthrk; vd;gtw;iwAk; re;jpj;Js;sdH.

Maj;jkhjy; xU ntw;wpfukhd Kuz;gl;l Ngl;bia elj;Jtnjd;gJ mJ rk;ge;jkhd Maj;jk;> njhopy; EZf;fk; vd;gtw;wpNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. Maj;jg;gLj;jy;: ntWkNd Qhgfj;ij epiyepWj;jhky;> rfy Mtzq;fisAk; Muha;e;J Fwpg;gplg;glhj NeHj;jpahd Kf;fpa Mtzg;gpujpfis ghprPyid nra;aTk; rpy gykhd Mtzq;fspd; gpujpfs; nra;jpahsH ed;F mtw;iwg; ghprPypj;Js;sijAk;> mtiu Vkhw;w Kbahnjd;gijAk; rHr;irf;FhpatUf;Fg; Ghpaitg;gjhf ,Uf;Fk;. gpujpahf;fk;: jkf;F Ntz;bathplkpUe;J xNu re;jpg;gpy; gjpy;fis vLf;fKbahnjd;W Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfSf;Fj; njhpAk;. Ngl;b toq;Fgth; Ngl;bia ve;NeuKk; epWj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;. my;yJ njhlh;r;rpahd njhiyNgrp ciuahly;fis mtH jtpHf;fyhk;. ve;jnthU tplaj;ijAk; nra;jpahsHfs; kwf;fKbahJ . jkJ Nfs;tpfs; gw;wp mtHfs; kpfj; njspthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdNt nra;jpahsHfs; Nfs;tpfis vOjpf;nfhz;L jkJ Ngl;bia vLj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdH. mj;Jld; jkf;F Ntz;lg;gLgtH $wf;$baitgw;wpa Nfs;tpfisAk; jahH nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Nfs;tpfis xOq;fhf Fwpj;J mjid jdpahfNth my;yJ jkJ rfhf;fSlNdh rhpghHj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; KbAk;. ngUk; Clf epWtdq;fspy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; xj;jpifghHj;J jhk; vjidAk; jtwtplhjpUj;jiy cWjpnra;aNtz;Lk;. njhpe;Jk; njhpahkYk;: ,J xU nghJthd mZFKiw. Fw;wtpay; Gydha;thshuhYk; ,J gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Ngl;bapd; Muk;gepiyapy; nra;jpahsH jkJ fijf;Fg;ghjpg;gpy;yhj gy Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;fpd;whH. Mdhy; mf;Nfs;tpfSf;fhd tpilfis nra;jpahsH njhpe;J itj;jpUg;ghH. MapDk; mf;Nfs;tpfs; xU ek;gfj;jd;ikia fhl;LtJ Nghy ,Uf;Fk;.

Ntz;lg;gl;ltH ngha; $WthNuahdhy; nra;jpahsH c\huile;J mtuJ gjpy;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;syhfhJ. cjhuzkhf xU fpuhkj;jpd; ePH tpepNahfk; gw;wp mk;khtl;lg; nghwpapayhsH jkf;Ff; fpilj;j ghpNrhjid mwpf;iffspy; ifnahg;gkpl;bUf;fyhk;.

Mdhy; Ngl;bapd;NghJ mg;nghwpapayhshplk; ePhpd; juk; gw;wpa mwpf;ifia xOq;fhf mg;nghwpapayhsH ngw;wpUe;jhuh? vd;W nra;jpahsH Nfl;fNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJ ,y;iy vd;w gjpy; fpilf;Fkhdhy;

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mg;nghwpapayhsH ngha;$WfpwhH NeubahfNt tuKbAk;.

vd;w

KbTf;F

nra;jpahsH

fstpjpKiwfs;: Ngl;b jUgtH Fwpj;j Ngl;bahdJ gjpT nra;ag;glNtz;baJ vd;gij Kd;dNu mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;batuhfpwhH. ,jdhy; gpd;dzp tpguk; my;yJ gjpa Ntz;lhk; Nghd;W Fwpg;gpLgit Kuz;gl;l Nfs;tpfSf;F Vw;Gilaitay;y. gjpa Ntz;lhk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLtjd; %yk; rpy rkaq;fspy; Ngl;bf;FhpatH nra;jpahsHfis rkhspf;f Kw;glyhk;. Mdhy; ,jw;F cz;ikapy; ,le;juyhfhJ. cWjpahf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. Ritahf xd;iwf;$wptpl;L> mjidg;gjpa Ntz;lhk; vdf;Fwpg;gplyhk;. mg;NghJ "kd;dpf;fTk; ehd; mjidg;gad;gLj;JNtd;" vd;W cWjpglf;$wNtz;Lk;. xypg;gjpTf;fUtpfs;: thndhypr; nra;jpahshplk; vg;NghJk; xypg;gjpTf; fUtp ,Uf;Fk; . Mdhy; Ngl;bfis vLf;Fk;NghJ nra;jpahsHfs; vg;NghJk; xypg;gjpTf;fUtpia gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

Ngl;b xd;W xypg;gjpT nra;ag;gl gy fhuzq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

• ep&gpj;jy;: vJ vg;gbr; nrhy;yg;gl;lnjd;gij cWjpahf ep&gpf;f KbAk;. ,y;iyNay; Ngl;b je;jtH jhk; $wpatw;iw kWf;fKbAk;. jphpTgLj;jKbAk; . NjitNaw;gbd; nra;jpahsuJ nra;jp epWtdk; kPsTk; me;j Ngl;bia ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;lKbAk;.

• Rje;jpuk;: Ngl;b jUgtiuAk;> nra;jpahsiuAk; ftdf;Fiwthf ,y;yhkYk;> iffshy; Fwpg;ngLf;f Ntz;ba mtrpaj;ij Vw;gLj;jhkYk; xypg;gjpTf; fUtp cjtp GhpfpwJ. • ,izg;G: xypg;gjpT nra;tjd;%yk; vk;. gp 3 NfhitfSlhf thndhyp kw;Wk; ,izaj;jsq;fSf;Fk; Ngl;bia ,izf;fKbAk;. mj;Jld; Ngl;bapd;NghJ cgNahfpf;fg;gLk; xypg;gjpTf;fUtp ey;yepiyapy;> J}R gbahjpUg;gijAk; cWjpnra;aNtz;Lk;.

90 epkplq;fs; tiu gjpT nra;ag;glf;$ba xypg;gjpTf; fUtpfis nra;jpahsHfs; ghtpf;f Ntz;Lnkd rpghHR nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. rpwpastpyhd xypg;gjpT ehlhf;fs; gpur;rpidia cz;Lgz;Zk;.

Kf;fpakhd jfty;fis Kuz;ghlhd Ngl;bfspd; NghJ gjpT nra;j gpd;dH mit tPzhfr; nry;y mDkjpf;fyhfhJ. Ngl;bapd;NghJ xypg;gjpTf;fUtp ed;whf ,aq;Ffpwjh vd;gij rhpghHj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. mj;Jld; Nkyjpfkhf XH xypg;gjpTf;fUtpia Kd;Ndw;ghlhf itj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

njhopy; rhHe;jik xypg;gjpT: mDkjp Nfl;fNtz;lhk;. Ngl;b jUgthplk; ePq;fs; Ngl;bia xypg;gjpT nra;tjhff; Fwpg;gplTk;. mjd; gpd;dH xypg;gjpTf;fUtpia ntspNa itf;fTk;. rhpahf ,aq;Ffpd;wjh vd;gij cWjpnra;aTk;.

Ngl;b eilngWk; NghJ$l ,ijr; nra;aTk;. Ngl;b jUgtH xypg;gjpTf;fUtpiaf; ifahs ,lkspf;fNtz;lhk;. mtH mjid ifahsKw;gl;lhy; 'ehd; cq;fsJ fUtpfis ifahstpy;iy. vdNt vdJ fUtpia ifahsNtz;lhk;" vdf;$wKbAk;. fUkNk fz;zhapUj;jy;: Ngl;bapd;NghJ thjplNth> nghpjhff; fhl;bf;nfhs;sNth Ntz;lhk;. czh;r;rp trg;glf; $lhJ Ngl;b jUgtH gy;NtW tpjj;jpYk; cq;fis top elj;j Kw;glyhk;. rphpf;fyhk;> Mj;jpukila itf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mtw;Wf;Fs; rpf;fptplyhfhJ. fUkj;jpy; mtjhdkhf ,Ue;J> Ngl;bjUgtH epiwa tplaq;fisj; njhptpf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; ele;Jnfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. thHj;ijfSf;F Gwk;ghf: mq;f mirTfs; %ykhfTk; gy jfty;fs; ntspg;glyhk;. czHTfs;> mirTfs; mj;Jld; jtWjyhf cjpUk; rpy cz;ikfs; vd Ngl;b jUgthplkpUe;J gyjug;gl;litAk; ntspg;glyhk;.

Ngl;bia gjpT nra;Ak; mNjrkak; czHT ntspg;ghLfSk; jfty;fisj; juf;$bait Ngl;b jUgtH Fuiy caHj;JtJ? Nkirapy; mbg;gJ? mOtJ? epWj;JtJ? fj;JtJ? Nghd;w nraw;ghLfisAk; $l nra;jpahsh; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

Fwpg;ngLj;jy;: xypg;gjpTf;fUtpia gad; gLj;Jk; mNj Ntis nra;jpahsH Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk; %ykhfTk; Nkyjpfkhf czHTfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l Fwpg;Gfis vL;f;fyhk;. mj;Jld; rpy Nfs;tpfisAk; jahhpf;fyhk;. Fiwe;j gl;r mstpNyNa Fwpg;ngLj;jy; mike;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Ngl;bjUgtH vijahtJ Ritahff; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ mjid ntspg;gilahfNt Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;tJ Nghy nra;jpahsH mtrug;gl;Ltpl;lhy; Ngl;b jUgtH jhd; $wpajpypUe;J gpd;thq;fptpl KbAk;. mikjp: Ngl;b jUgtH fijg;gij jpBnud epWj;jp tpl;L cd;dpg;ghf ghHf;fyhk;. mikjp vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghUe;jp tuhJ. mg;NghJ nra;jpahsH nghWikapoe;J VjhtJ $w vj;jdpf;fyhk;. Mdhy; xUNghJk; mg;gbr; nra;ayhfhJ. mikjpia rhpahfg; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ Ngl;b jUgtiu NkYk; Ngritf;fyhk;. mj;Jld; VjhtJ KOikaw;w fUj;ijf;$w Ngl;bjUgtH Kw;gLk;NghJ rw;W nghWj;J nraw;glNtz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; 'vdf;Fg;Ghpatpy;iy" my;yJ 'vijf;fUJfpwPHfs;?" vd;W Nfl;fyhk;. mjpy; VjhtJ jhkjkhapd; mLj;j Nfs;tpf;F efuyhk;. gpujpgypg;Gfs;: Clfg;Ngr;rhsHfs; Ngl;b jUgtH rhHghf gjpyspf;f Kaw;rpf;fyhk;. mg;NghJ Ngl;b jUgtiu Nehf;fp mikjpahf Nfs;tpia jpirjpUg;gTk;. ',Jth cq;fs; gjpy;?" my;yJ ',g;gbah fUJfpwPHfs;?" vd;W Nfl;fyhk;.

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Clfg;Ngr;rhsHfs;: caH mur mjpfhhpfs; my;yJ mur epWtdq;fs; jkf;nfd Ngr;rhsHfs; my;yJ nghJrdj;njhlHG mjpfhhpfis jkf;Fk;> Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfSf;FkpilNa itj;jpUg;gJz;L. ,tHfs; Kf;fpaj;Jtkpy;yhj gjpy;fis toq;fyhk;.

Mdhy; Ngl;bf;FhpatHfSf;Fg; gjpyhf my;yJ rkkhf ,tHfis Nehf;fyhfhJ. nra;jpahsiu re;jpf;ftpUf;fpd;w gpuKfiu mtH vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;batw;Wf;F Vw;wthW jahHgLj;JtNj Clfg;Ngr;rhshpd; flikahFk;. ,jpy; ed;ikAk; cz;L. Vnddpy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsUf;F Ntz;ba Mtzq;fisAk; NtW jfty;fisAk; ,e;j Ngr;rhsHfshy; toq;f KbAk;. Clfg;Ngr;rhsHfs; nra;jpahsHfsplk; vOj;J %ykhd Nfs;tpfis Nfl;gJz;L. ,jd; gpd;dH Ngl;b jUgthpd; gjpiy vOJtNjhL> Nkhrkhd fijiaf;$l Nfs;tpfspd; mbg;gilapy; juKbAk;. ,e;epiyapy; rhpahd jfty;fisg; ngWtjpy; rq;flq;fs; Vw;glyhk;.

Kuz;ghlhd Ngl;bapd;NghJ mZfg;glNtz;ba tplaq;fs; gw;wpAk;> Nfs;tpfs; gw;wpAk; Ngl;b jUgthplk; Fwpg;gpLtJ jtpHf;fKbahjJ. mj;Jld; jkf;F Ngl;b %yk; ngwg;glf;$bait gw;wp Vw;fdNt nra;jpahsH mDkhdpj;Jk; itj;jpUf;fKbAk;. ,yq;if Nghd;w kpf neUf;fkhd r%f mikg;gpy; ,J rhj;jpag;glf;$baJ. Mdhy; ,jd;%yk; jdJ JzpitNah my;yJ jhd; mwpe;jtw;iwNah Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd;w fl;lhak; ,y;iy. ey;nyz;z mbg;gilapy; rpy Nfs;tpfis nra;jpahsh; njhpag;gLj;jyhk;.

Mdhy; Kf;fpakhdtw;iw jk;NkhL itj;jpUf;fKbAk; . vdNt Clfg;Ngr;rhsUf;F Ngl;bapd;NghJ mZfg;glg;NghFk; tplak;gw;wp Fwpg;gpLtJ rpwe;jjhFk;.

mjd;gpd;dH jiyr;Rikia ePf;fy;: rpy nra;jpahsh;fSf;F cldbahfNt fhhpahyak; jpUk;gp xypg;gjpTf;fUtpia ,af;FkhW nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ. MapDk; rw;W Mw mkur;rpe;jpg;gNj ey;yJ. Vnddpy; Kuz;ghlhd Ngl;bfspd;NghJ rpy tplaq;fs; gw;wp re;Njfq;fs; Vw;glyhk; . Ngl;b je;jtH khWghlhd tpilfisj; je;jpUf;fyhk;. mj;Jld; Nfs;tpfs; fhuzkhf mtjhdpg;Gfs; tpilfs; vd nra;jpahshpd; kdk; Fok;gp;g;NghapUf;fyhk;. ,jdhy; gy Kf;fpa tpilfs; rk;ge;jkhfTk; kdjpy; Fog;gq;fs; Vw;glyhk;. vdNt Neuk; ,le;jUNkahdhy; XhpU jpdq;fSf;F jhd; vLj;Jf;nfhz;l Ngl;bapd; mOj;jj;jpypUe;J kdij tpLtpj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. mt;Ntisapy; NtnwhU tplaj;ij mtH mZfyhk;. cUthf;fy;: nra;jpahsH jhk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;l Ngl;bapd; xt;nthU thHj;ijiaAk; gjpT nra;jy; Kf;fpakhFk;. Kf;fpakhd $w;Wf;fs; nghpjhd vOj;Jf;fspy; vOjg;glNtz;Lk;. Ngl;bapd;NghJ iffspdhy; Fwpg;ngLf;fg;gl;ltw;iwAk; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; NrHf;fKbAk;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

fUj;Jf;$wtpy;iy midj;J Ngl;b jUNthUk; Kuz;gl;l Ngl;bf;F ,zq;Ftjpy;iy. cz;ikapy; rpyH Kd;tUtjpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; njhopy;rhHe;j kw;Wk; rl;lhPjpahd fhuzq;fis Kjd;ikg;gLj;jp ek;gfj;jd;ikNahL jhd; mwpe;jtw;NwhL> fUj;Jf;fisg; ngw Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. vOJtjw;F my;yJ xypgug;g Kd;dH nra;jpahsH Fiwe;j gl;rk; %d;W cz;ikahd Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. cz;ikj;jd;ik vd;gJ ntWkNd njhiyNgrp miog;Gld; kl;Lky;yhJ> vOj;J%ykhf Neuk; / jpfjp vd;git Mtzj;jpy; Fwpf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. Ngl;biag; ngw ,Ug;gthpd; nrayhshplk; Ngl;bf;fhd mDkjpia ,jd;%yk; ngwKbAk;. mj;NjhL kpd;mQ;ry; %ykhfTk; ,e;j Mtzj;ij NrHg;gpj;J mjd; gpujpia nra;jpahsH jd;dplk; itj;jpUf;fKbAk;. ,jd; %yk; Ngl;b jUgtH jhk; $wpa tplaq;fs; gj;jphpiffs; kw;Wk; Clf rhjdq;fs; %ykhf ntspahdJk; jhd; njhlHG nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy vd;W kWg;ngjidAk; $wKbahJ.

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mj;jpahak; gj;J

nrk;ikg;gLj;jYk; jfty;fis rhpghHj;jYk; Gydha;T nra;jpahsHfs; rkNahrpjkhdth;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. gpioahdtw;iwj; jUk;NghJ rpf;fypy; khl;lg;glNehpLk; vd;gij nra;jpahsHfs; mwpthHfs;. nrhw;gpio> jtwhd jpfjp> Fog;gkhd $w;Wf;fs;> jphpGg;gLj;jg;gl;l tplaq;fs; vd;git xU gj;jphpifahsUf;F njhopy;; hPjpahd ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jyhk;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt Gydha;Tr; nra;jpapd; xt;nthU mk;rKk; gpioapd;wp rPuhf ,Uf;fNtz;baJ mtrpakhFk; . ,UjlitfSf;F Nky; mtw;iwg; ghprPypf;fTk; Ntz;Lk;. vt;tpjj;jpYk; $wg;gl;ltw;Wf;F khwhf my;yJ Cfq;fs; vd;git NrHf;fg;glyhfhJ. vLj;Jf;nfhz;l tplaq;fis ed;F ghprPypg;gjd; %yKk; jPtpukhd nrk;ikg;gLj;jy; %yKk; ,j;jifa juf;fl;L;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. Kf;fpa mnkhpf;f nra;jp epWtdq;fspy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tplaq;fs;> gy;NtW juj;jpYkhd gj;jphpifahrphpaHfs; ClhfTk; nry;tNjhL kPs rPHnra;ag;glNtz;bait> rhptu vOjg;gl;L nrk;ikg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,J tplaj;jpy; epA+NahHf;fH rQ;rpifapd; mZFKiw gpugykhdJ. mr; rQ;rpif juTfs;> jfty;fs;> $w;Wf;fs; vd;gtw;iw rhpghHj;J cWjp nra;tjw;F rpwe;j tsthsHfisAk; epakpg;gJz;L. ,tHfs; xt;nthU tplaq;fs; $w;Wf;fs; juTfs; vd;git gw;wp Nfs;tpfis vOg;gp ntspahf Ntz;ba jfty;fis nrk;ikg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. ,yq;ifapYk; rpy gjpg;ghsHfs; gzpapykHj;jpapUe;jdH.

,JNghd;w

tsthsHfis

EZf;fkhd nrk;ikg;gLj;jy; vd;gJ rypg;gila itg;gJk; ePz;l NtiyAkhFk;. Kjy; Rw;wpy; nra;jpahshpd; cldb Nkw;ghHit MrphpaH Fwpj;j nra;jpapd; xt;nthU tplaj;ijAk; Muha;thH. 'vg;gb mJ cdf;Fj; njhpAk;?" vd;w Nfs;tpNahL mjid cWjpg;gLj;j Fwpg;Gfs;> xypg;gjpT Mtzq;fs; vd;gtw;iwAk; mtH NfhUthH. jftypd; juj;ij ghprPypf;Fk; tifapy; ngaH Fwpg;gplg;glhj nra;jp %yq;fspd; milahsq;fisAk; MrphpaH NfhUthH. Fwpj;j nra;jp xt;nthU fl;lkhf nra;jp mYtyfj;jpy; xt;nthU juj;jpYk; ,Uf;fpd;w MrphpaHfs; Clhfr; nry;Yk;NghJ mtHfs; jkJ Nahridfs;> mtjhdpg;Gfs; vd;gtw;iw toq;f Kd;tUthHfs;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

,Wjp tbtk; ngWk; Fwpj;j nra;jpia gpioapd;wp nrk;ikahf toq;FtNj ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ,Wjpahf nra;jp epWtdj;jpd; rl;lj;juzp Fwpj;j nra;jpapd; rl;lg;gpur;rpid gw;wpAk; tpsf;fp mjw;Fhpa mwpTiufisAk; toq;FthH. Mdhy; gpuhe;jpa nra;jpahsUf;F ,j;jifa nrk;ikg;gLj;Jk; tha;g;Gf;fs; nghpJk; fpilg;gjpy;iy. mtHfs; jhkhfNt jkJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpia cWjp nra;J nrk;ikg;gLj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ. rpy mk;rq;fs; tUkhW: • ngaHfSk; - ,yf;fq;fSk;: ,yf;fq;fs; gw;wp ClftpayhsHfs; nghJthfNt gpiotpLtJz;L. Mdhy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; mj;jtiwtpl KbahJ. xt;nthU ,yf;fKk; gy jlitfs; rhpghHf;fg;gl;L cWjpg;gLj;jg;glNtz;Lk;.

XH mnkhpf;f nra;jpahsH jdJ tplaq;fis vOJk;NghJ> rptg;G ngd;rpypdhy; jdJ tplaj;jpYs;s ,yf;fq;fis tl;lkpLtJz;L. ,t;thW nra;tjd;%yk; mtH mtw;iw kPsTk; cWjpg;gLj;j KbfpwJ. vdNt nra;jpahsHfs; ,yf;fq;fis cWjpg;gLj;JtJ Nghd;Nw ngaHfisAk;> mtw;wpd; vOj;Jf;fisAk; nra;jpapd; ek;gfj;jd;ikiag; NgZk; tpjj;jpy; fr;rpjkhf cWjpnra;aNtz;Lk;.

• njhdp : xU nra;jpapy; cz;ikj;jfty;fNs Kf;fpakhdit. MapDk; mr;nra;jp toq;fg;gLk; njhdpapNyNa nra;jpahsH my;yJ Fwpj;j nra;jp epWtdk; vjpHNehf;Fk; gpur;rpid jq;fpAs;sJ. xU Gydha;T nra;jpahsH jdJ nra;jpia mjd; cz;ikj; jfty;fNshL fr;rpjkhf toq;fKbAk;. Mdhy; gugug;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. 'ghhpa> tpag;ghd> Mr;rahpakhd" vd;w gugug;igAk;> czHr;rpiaAk; Jhz;lf;$ba thHj;ijg; gpuNahfq;fs; jtpHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

• cs;slf;fk;: xU nra;jpapd; KOikahd tplaj;ijj; jUtijtpl mjpYs;s ftHr;rpahd thHj;ijg; gpuNahfq;fis ghtpf;f nra;jp ahsHfs; ce;jg;glKbAk;. ,j;jifa FWf;Ftopiag; gpd;gw;wyhfhJ. vdNt xU Kf;fpa fijia KOikahf jUtNj cfe;jJ. mjpYs;s tpNrlkhdtw;iw kl;Lk; Fwpg;gpLtJ nra;jpapd; KOikaw;w epiyia Vw;gLj;jp rHr;iriaAk; cUthf;fyhk;.

• epahaj;jd;ik: Ngl;bje;jthplkpUe;J rpy tpNrlkhd fUj;Jf;fis nra;jpahsH ngw;wpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mjw;F Kf;fpakspf;fhJ ,Wjpg;ghfj;jpy; mjid ,izj;JtpLtJ epahakw;wjhFk;.

chpa Kf;fpaj;Jtkspj;J mjid fijapd; ikag;gFjpapy; my;yJ Muk;gj;jpy; ,izg;gNj rpwe;jjhFk;.

• kPsg;Nghl;Lf; fhz;gpg;gJ: jkJ jftypd; cz;ikj; jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;j jkJ nra;jp %yq;fsplk; jhk; gjpT nra;jij kPsg;Nghl;Lf; fhz;gpg;gJz;L. ,jid nra;a Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy.

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VjhtJ re;Njfq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk kPsTk; Nghl;Lf; fhz;gpj;J> gpiofis rhpnra;a KbAk;. nra;jp %yq;fs; Kf;fpakhdit.

Mdhy; mtHfs; nra;jpfis jPHkhdpg;gtHfshfptplKbahJ.

• rl;lthsH: rpy rHr;irf;Fhpa tplaq;fis ifahSk; nra;jpahsH> ePjpkd;w tprhuizf;F mJ vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; mjw;fhf jk;ik jahHgLj;j Ntz;batuhfpwhH. jdJ Nfhit> vOjpa gpujpfs;> njhlHGfs; gpd;dzp Mtzq;fs;> Ngl;b Fwpj;j rhpahd jfty;fisAk; xOq;fikj;J itf;f Ntz;batuhfpwhH. kPsvOJjy;: rhpahf vOJtJ fbd ciog;Gf;Fhpa tplakhFk;. gy;NtW tplaq;fs; Clhf ,izj;Jk;> tpyf;fpAk; xJf;fpAk; mNef efy;fSld; kPsrhptu vOjNtz;bAs;sJ. cq;fsJ fij kpfKf;fpakhdJ vd ePq;fs; fUjpdhy; cq;fsJ MrphpaH mjid ePq;fs; ,Ujlitfs; tiu kPs vOjNtz;Lnkd vjpHghHg;ghH. ,jd; gpd;dH Vida Nkw;ghHitahsHfs; Nkyjpf tpsf;fq;fisf; NfhUtH. nyh]; VQ;ry;]; ilk;]; gj;jphpifapd; Kf;fpa nra;jp epHkhzq;fspd;NghJ nra;jpahsHfs; gj;J my;yJ ,UgJ jlitfSf;F Nky;$l jkJ nra;jpfis xOq;fhfj;jUk; tpjj;jpy; vOJtJz;L. ngUk;ghyhd nra;jp epWtdq;fs; fhy mtfhrj;ij fUj;jpw;nfhz;L ,t;thW nra;tjpy;iy. MapDk; XhpU jlitfs; kPs vOJtJ ey;y gaidj; jUtjhf ,Uf;Fk;. fz;fSk; nrtpfSk;: XU nra;jpia mij vOjpa nra;jpahsH ghHf;Fk;NghJ mjpYs;s Fiw> epiwfis mtjhdpf;fKbAk;. ,jd;%yk; jtwhdtw;iw rhpnra;aKbAk;. ,J jtpu jdJ rfhtplk; jhd; vOjpaij cuf;f thrpj;Jf;fhl;Lk; gl;rj;jpy; mjpy; cs;s rPuw;w jd;ikfis eptHj;jp nra;aKbAk;. xU Kf;fpa Gydha;Tr; nra;jp njhlHghf %d;W Nfhbf; fz;fis xU nra;jp epWtdk; nfhz;bUf;fNtz;Lk;. ,f;fz;fs;> nra;jpahshpd; rfhTilajhf Nkw;ghHitahsUilajhf ,Ug;gNjhL MrphpaUilajhfTkpUf;fyhk;. gyH xU nra;jpiag; ghHf;Fk;NghJ mjpYs;s FiwghLfis fz;lwpaKbAk;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt rpy Clf epWtdq;fs; fijfspy; cs;s FiwghLfisf; fz;lwpa rpNu\;l epiyapypUg;gtHfis gzpf;fkHj;JtJz;L. nra;jp ntspahd gpd;dH: xU gyk; tha;e;j mjpfhhp my;yJ epWtdk; xU gj;jphpifahsdpd; Jzpr;rYf;F rthy; tplKbAk;. Gydha;Tr; nra;jpapd; Nehf;fk; khw;wj;ijf; nfhz;LtUtNjahFk;. mJ gyjug;gl;ljhf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,J tplaj;jpy; cz;ikr; nra;jp ntspahdijaLj;J nra;jpahsH Xa;e;JtplyhfhJ. jdJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpia capNuhl;lk; nfhz;ljhf khw;wptpl mij vOjpa nra;jpahsH Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk; mg;Gydha;Tr; nra;jp Kf;fpa epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Kf;fpa khdtH fisr; nrd;wile;J vjpHghHj;j khw;wq;fSf;F topaikj;JtpLk;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpia capNuhl;lKilajhf;Ftjw;fhd eltbf;iffs;: • gpd;njhlUk; nra;jpfs;: xU gpd;njhlUk; nra;jpia Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH xUtuhNyNa ed;F njhlHe;J Nkw;nfhs;sKbAk;. jkf;F Ntz;ba fUg;nghUis gpui[fs; FOf;fs; mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs;> Rfhjhu jpizf;fsq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhH vd;w hPjpapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sKbAk;. my;yJ xU Kf;fpa mjpfhhp xj;J iof;f Kd;tUk; gl;rj;jpy; nra;jpahsH gpd;njhlHe;J vOjyhk;. epWj;jptplhJ ,jidr;nra;a Ntz;Lk;. nra;jpahsUk;> mtuJ epWtdKk; Fwpj;j nra;jpia tsHj;Jf;nfhs;shj gl;rj;jpy; NtnwtuhYk; mjidr; nra;aKbahJ.

• Kd;Ndhb mwptpj;jy;: xU nra;jp ntspahtjw;F XhpU jpdq;fs; Kd;dH gpui[fs; FOf;fs;> rHtNjr mikg;Gfs; my;yJ mur xOq;fikg;ghsHfs; rpy jfty;fisj; juKbAk;. ,it gpd;njhluf;$ba Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfSf;F toptplKbAk;.

• tpsk;guk;: nra;jp epWtdj;Jf;F midj;J tsq;fSk; ,Uf;Fkhapd;> Kf;fpakhd Gydha;Tr;nra;jp my;yJ nra;jpj; njhlHG gw;wp me;epWtdk; tpsk;guq;fisg; gpuRhpf;fKbAk;. ,jd;%yk; me;epW tdk; jdJ gpugyj;ijAk; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;sKbAk;.

• Njitg;gLjy;: xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jp ntspte;jhy; mjid vOjpa nra;jpahsiu Vida nra;jp epWtdq;fs; Ngl;b fz;L NkYk; jfty;fis vOj KbAk;. ,jw;F mr;nra;jpahsUk; jahuhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

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80 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

ghfk; %d;W

MrphpaHfs; kw;Wk; nra;jpahsHfspd; ghJfhg;G

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mj;jpahak; gjpndhd;W

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw nraw;jpl;lq;fis epHtfpj;jy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw vd;gJ XH mzpapd; ge;jakhFk;. xU nra;jp epWtdk; MHtKs;s> rpwe;j Ml;lf;fhuHfis ,g;ge;jaj;jpy; nfhz;bUf;fKbAk;. Mdhy; me;epWtd KfhikahsNuh my;yJ chpikahsNuh jk;ik mg;ge;jaj;jpy; <LgLj;jhjtiu vtUk; nty;yKbahJ. Mifapdhy;jhd; ,yq;ifapy; Clf Nkw;ghHitahsH> MrphpaHfs;> Clf chpikahsH MfpNahH ,r;nra;jpj; Jiwapd; ngWkhdj;jpw;F Cf;fkspf;f Ntz;bNahuhfpd;wdH. Gydha;T nra;jpj; Jiw r%ff; FiwghLfis ePf;FfpwJ. mj;Jld; rpwe;j Clf nraw;ghl;Lf;F topaikg;gNjhL> nra;jpj;Jiw KfhikahsHfsJ epjpj; NjitfisAk; g+Hj;jp nra;fpwJ. Clf epWtd chpikahsHfSk;> Nkw;ghHitahsHfSNk ,yq;ifapd; nra;jp miwf;fyhrhuj;ij khw;wKbAk;. ,yq;ifapYk; Vida mgptpUj;jpaile;JtUk; ehLfs; kw;Wk; Aj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;duhd #o;epiyfisAila ehLfspy; Nghd;W juj;ijtpl njhiff;Nf Kf;fpakspf;fg;gLfpwJ. V. MH. I. N[. rQ;rpiff;fhd jdJ Kd;Diuapy; my;[rPuh Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH nah];wp nghd;lh njhptpj;jhtJ: xU njhopy; rhHe;j Nehf;fpy; ghHf;Fk;NghJ> vkJ Clf epWtdq;fs; gyTk; juj;ijg; NgZtjpYk; ghHf;f njhifiag; NgZtijNa tof;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sd. juj;ijg; NgZjy; vd;gJ ey;y fy;tpawpTs;s Kfhikj;Jtk;> njhlHr;rpahd gapw;rp> xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l FOf;fs; > xOq;fhd tuT - nryT vd;gtw;NwhL Neu Kfhikj;Jtk; Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhz;bUj;jyhFk;. Mokhd nra;jpawpf;ifapid ghuhl;lhj xU KfhikahsNuh my;yJ MrphpaNuh mhpjhfNt ,Uf;fKbAk;. mNjrkak; jkJ ghuhl;il mtHfs; kpf mhpjhfNt cz;ikahd tpjj;jpy; ntspg;gLj;JNthuhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wdH. vdNt mtHfs; gpur;rpidapd; xU gFjpahf cs;sdH. ,e;epiyapy; mtHfis xU jPHtpd; gFjpahf fhz;gNj juj;ijg;NgZk; Clff; fyhrhuj;ij nfhz;bUg;gjw;fhd xU topahFk;. ,yq;ifapy; njhifiatpl juj;ijg; NgzNtz;Lnkd;w epHg;ge;jj;Jf; fhd fhuzq;fs; nra;jp KfhikahsHfs; kj;jpapy; fhzg;gLtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

gu];guk; gpuj;jpNafkhdjy;y: FWfpa fhy mbg;gilapy; ghHf;Fk;NghJ ehshe;j nra;jpfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Gydha;Tr; nra;jp ngw;WtpLnkd;w khia KjyhtJ fhuzkhFk;. cz;ikapy; fle;j fhyq;fspy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpl;lq;fs; nghpJk; gadspj;Js;sNjhL ehshe;j nra;jpfistpl rpwg;ghditahfTk; ,Ue;Js;sd. r%fg; nghWg;G: jdpg;gl;l tpahghuj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;ljhf Clfj;Jiw tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. xU [dehaf mikg;gpy; njhopw;rhiyfs; > ePHj;Njf;fq;fs;> mjd;%ykhd kpd;cw;gj;jp> ePHtoq;fy; vd;git gw;wp mwpaj;jUfpd;wd. nghJ ed;ikf;FhpajhfTk;> r%ftpay; eltbf;iffspy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jp murpay; kw;Wk; fyhrhu ghptHj; jidf;F muq;fpLtjhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Kf;fpakhd jPHkhdq;fs; Fwpj;j jfty;fisAk; nra;jp vd;gjw;F mg;ghy; kf;fSf;F toq;Ftjpy; Clfk; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;WfpwJ. ,j;jifa eltbf;if nra;jpia toq;Ftjw;F mg;ghw;gl;ltpjj;jpy; nra;jpahshpd; gy;NtW nghWg;GzHTfisAk; ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Coiy mfw;wp xU Gjpa r%ff; fl;likg;igg; NgZk; tpjj;jpy; jfty;fis Mokhd nra;jpfshf jUtjpYk; Clfj;Jiwf;F r%ff;flikg;ghL ,Uf;fpd;wJ. rpwe;j Clf nraw;ghL: Gjpa [dehaf mikg;GfspNy tphpTgl;LtUfpd;w Gydha;Tr;nra;jpj;Jiw nraw;ghLfis ,yq;if Clf epWtdq;fSk; iff;nfhs;s Ntz;baitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. Clf Rje;jpuj;ij epiyepWj;JtNjhL nra;jpf;$lq;fspy; njhopy;fs; juj;ijAk; caHj;Jtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. rpwe;j tpahghuk;: nghJthd eilKiwfisg; Nghyd;wpAk;> FWfpafhy Nehf;FlDk; my;yhky; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;ly; XH Clf epWtdj;Jf;F cjTfpwNj jtpu mjid ghjpf;f nra;atpy;iy. mnkhpf;f Clftpay; epGzH gpy;nfhtf; kw;Wk; nuhk;nuhndBy; MfpNahH gj;jphpiffSk;> xyp> xspgug;Gr; NritfSk; tpsk;gujhuHfSf;Nf mjpfsT ,lj;ij xJf;Ftjhff; Fwpg;gpl;L;s;sdH. 'nra;jpahsHfs; jkJ nra;jpfis tpw;gijtpl> jkJ thrfHfSld; ngWkhdq;fs; > jkJ jPHg;Gfs; > Jzpr;ry; > MSik > njhopy;jpwd; r%f mHg;gzk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; cwTfisf; fl;b vOg;Gfpd;wdH. ,j;jifa epiy nghJkf;fSld; XH cwit Vw;gLj;JfpwJ . ,jidNa gpd;dH nra;jp epWtdq;fs; tpsk;gujhuHfSf;F thlifahfj; jUfp;d;wd." ,jid mt;tpU nra;jpahsHfSk;" Clfj;Jiwapd; mk;rq;fs;" vd;w jkJ E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdH. gj;jphpifahsuhftpUe;J r%ftpayhsuhf khwpa gpypg;nkaH vd;gtH Clf fr;rpjj;jd;ik gw;wp Mokhf Muha;e;j gpd;dH> ',y;yhJNghFk; gj;jphpif" vd;w jkJ Ehypy; xU gj;jphpif epWtdj;jpd; vOr;rpAk;> tPo;r;rpAk; me;epWtdk; vt;tsT Jhuk; thrfHfspd; nry;thf;fpw;Fl;gl;ljhf ,Uf;fpd;wnjd;w tpsk;gujhuHfspd; mDkhdj;jpNyNa jq;fpapUg;gjhf njhptpf;fpd;whH.

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mj;Jld; Clf epWtdnkhd;wpd; ek;gfj;jd;ik vd;gJ nghJkf;fs; eyd;fUjpajhf me;epWtdk; vt;thW ,aq;Ffpd;wnjd;gjpNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. rpwe;j Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw vd;gJ caHe;j juj;jpyhd fr;rpjj;jd;ikiag; NgZtNjhL xU nra;jp epWtdk; kf;fs; eydpy; nfhz;Ls;s mHg;gzpg;igAk; ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,j;jifa epiy Clf epWtdnkhd;wpd; nry;thf;if mjpfhpg;gNjhL mjd; ePz;lfhy mbg;gilapyhd nghUshjhu cWjpg;ghl;ilAk; cWjpnra;fpwJ. mj;Jld; Clf chpikahsHfs; gzj;Jf;fhfTk;> murpay; eyDf;fhfTNk ,aq;Ffpd;wdH vd;w njd;dhrpa nra;jp EfHNthH kj;jpapy; epyTk; vz;zj;ijAk; ePf;Ftjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. cjhuzk;:

Credibility ek;gfj;jd;ik

Public Interest nghJ eyd;

  Influence nry;thf;F

mz;ikapy; mnkhpf;f rHtNjr mgptpUj;jpf;fhd epWtdk; gq;fshNj\; jiyefuhd lhf;fhtpy; Nkw;nfhz;l Ma;nthd;wpy;> ngUk;ghyhd gq;fshNj\; kf;fs;> jkJ Clf eltbf;iffs; Fwpf;Nfhs;fSld;> nghWg;GzHit ntspg;gLj;Jgitahf khwptUfpd;w NghjpYk;> mtw;wpd; nra;jpg; gq;fspg;ngd;gJ nghpJk;> murpay;> gzk;> kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l nry;thf;fpw;Fl;gl;ljhf ,Uf;fpd;wnjd mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. vz;gJ rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhNdhH fUJtnjd;dntd;why;> Clf chpikahsHfs; jkJ tHj;jf Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfNt nra;jp epWtdq;fis cUthf;fp gzk; rk;ghjpg;gij Nehf;fkhf nfhz;bUg;g jhfTk;> ek;gj;jFe;j nra;jpfis jUtij tpLj;J jkJ Vida tHj;jf eltbf;iffis tphpTgLj;jNt Clf epWtdj;ijg; gad; gLj;JtjhfTk; fUj;J ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sd. murpay; Nehf;fq;fis Cf;Ftpf;F Ntz;Lnkd;gijNa Clf epWtdq;fs; tpUk;Gtjhf 54 rjtPjkhNdhH fUJfpd;wdH. ,e;epiyapy; gq;fshNj\py; Clfj;Jiw kf;fs; eyd;fUjpajhf mikatpy;iy vd;gijNa ,t;tpU Ma;TfSk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpia vt;thW ghJfhg;gJ? Vida ,lq;fisg; Nghy ,yq;ifapYk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw> Gjpa Ghpe;JzHT> mHg;gzpg;G vd;gtw;iw nra;jpahsUk;> Nkw;ghHitahsUf;FkpilNa Fwpg;ghf khfhzkl;lj;jpy; cUthf;f Ntz;bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. jkJ nra;jpfSf;F nfhOk;ig ikakhff; nfhz;l ClfepWtdq;fs; Kf;fpakspg;gjpy;iy vd;w mgpg;gpuhaj;ij gpuhe;jps nra;jpahsh;fs; nfhz;Ls;sdH. jhk; rpwe;j Gydha;Tr; nra;jp Nahridfisf; gpuhe;jpa nra;jpahsh;fs; nfhz;Lte;jhy; mtw;iw nfhOk;gpYs;s Clf Nkyjpfhupfs; cs;thq;fptpLtNjhL mYtyf nra;jpahsH xUtNuhL ,ize;J nraw;gl itf;fpd;wdH vdTk; njhptpf;fpd;wdH. ,jdhy; mYtyfr; nra;jpahsNu mr;nra;jp %yk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;whH vdTk; fUJfpd;wdH. Gydha;Tr;nra;jp jpul;lYf;fhd epjp cjtpNah my;yJ epWtd hPjpahd cjtpNah jkf;Ff; fpilg;gjpy;iy vdTk; mtHfs; KiwapLfpd;wdH. gpuhe;jpa nra;jpahsH rq;fj;jiytH xUtH mz;ikapy; ntspapl;l Kiwg;ghnlhd;wpy; fpuhkpa gFjpfspy; tpgrhuk; gw;wp jhd; vOjpa nra;jpf;F Fwpj;j Clf epWtdj;jplkpUe;J cjtp fpilf;ftpy;iy vdf;Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. Fwpj;j nra;jp ntspahdijaLj;J rpyH jdJ thfd fz;zhbfis cilj;jNjhL thfd laHfspy; Jthukpl;ljhfTk; mjdhy; jpUj;jNtiyf;F vd jhk; 1>50>000 &ghit nrytpl;ljhfTk; Mdhy; jkJ Clf epWtdk; ve;jnthU cjtpiaAk; jutpy;iy vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH. 'ehd; jdJ gl;rk; mtH

,we;jpUe;jhy; ePq;fs; vd;d nra;jpUg;gPHfs; vd;w Nfs;tpia Nkyjpfhhpaplk; Nfl;ljhf mr;nra;jpahsH njhptpj;jhH." Fiwe;j kyHtisaj;ijahtJ itg;gPHfsh? vd jhk; Nfl;ljhfTk; njhptpj;jhH. Nkyjpfhhp mikjp fhj;jhH.

',jw;nfd xU Fwpj;j cj;jpNahfj;jH ,y;iy" vd;Wk; mr;nra;jpahsH njhptpj;jhH.

gu];gu vjpHghHg;Gfs; MrphpaHfSk; nra;jpahsHfSk; vjpHghHg;Gfis nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;. vdNt ,e;j vjpHghHg;Gfis xg;gPL nra;Ak; ,lkhfNt Clf epWtdk; mike;Js;sJ.

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MrphpaH: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpiaj; juj; jahuhFk; nra;jpahshplkpUe;J nra;jp KfhikahsHfs; vjpHghHg;gJ :

gpuhe;jpa

• XH cz;ikahd ce;Jjy; Fiwe;j gl;rk; my;yJ 'mjpfgl;rk;" xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jp Nrfhpg;G rk;ge;jkhf Vw;gly;.

• nra;jp Nrfhpg;G rk;ge;jkhf ,ilawhJ mwpaj;juy;.

• Clf epWtdj;Jf;Nf gpuj;jpNafkhf jUtNjhL> Gydha;T jfty;fis gq;F Nghl;Lf;nfhs;shik.

• mtrpakhdhy; Vida gpuhe;jpa my;yJ nfhOk;G nra;jpahsHfSld; Fwpj;j nra;jpia tphpthf my;yJ Mokhff; nfhz;Lnry;y xj;Jioj;jy;.

• xOf;ff;Nfhit topKiwfis gpd;gw;Wjy;.

• glq;fs;> tiuglq;fs;> NtW Gyg;gLk; fhuzpfs; gw;wpa MNyhrid fs;.

• rhpahd Kiwapy; nra;jp jug;gLjy;.

• jftypd; ek;gfj;jd;ik. nra;jpahsHfs;: jkJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfis gpuRhpg;gjpy; Kidg;ghf ,Uf;Fk; mNjNtis Clf epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J nra;jpahsHfs; vjpHghHf;fNtz;bait: • • • • • • • •

86 |

nra;jpia gpuRhpg;gjw;fhd mHg;gzpg;G. nra;jpia jUtjw;F Ntz;ba fhyKk;> tsq;fSk;. nra;jpf;$lj;Jf;Fs; midj;Jj;jug;gpypUe;Jkhd xj;jiog;G. nfhOk;G nra;jpahsUld; ,ize;J nra;jpiaj; jUk;NghJ jkJ ngaH ,lk;ngWtij cWjpnra;jy; . jw;fhypfkhf xU nra;jpahsiu Jizf;Fj; jUtJ. Kf;fpa Ngl;bfis mt;tg;NghJ fhz;gjw;fhd xj;Jiog;G. ,izaj;js ghtid> Nghf;Ftuj;J> Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfk;> gpujpgz;zy; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd nryTfis ftdpj;jy;.

Jizr; nra;jpfSf;fhd Nkyjpf nfhLg;gdT. Gydha;Tr; nra;jp njhlh;ghf Clf epWtdnkhd;wpd; cs;NsAk;> ntspNaAk; topfhl;ly;fSld; $ba xj;Jiog;G.

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

mj;jpahak; gd;dpnud;L

ghJfhg;G ve;jnthU ,yq;ifr; nra;jpahsUf;Fk; ghJfhg;G Kjd;ikahdjhfpd;wJ. vy;iyfisf; fle;j nra;jpahsH mikg;G ,yq;ifapy; nra;jpahsuJ ghJfhg;ig mbkl;lj;jpy; my;yJ 158 MtJ ,lj;jpy; jdJ tUlhe;j Fwpg;gpy; fzpg;gpl;L itj;Js;sJ. mz;ikapy; KbTw;w NghH #oypy; Clftpayhsh;fs; jhf;fg;gl;lJk; nfhy;yg;gl;lJNk ,jw;fhd Kf;fpa fhuzq;fshFk;. ehshe;j nra;jp mwpf;ifaply; fhuzkhf mit ele;Njwpd. Mdhy; gyk;kpf;ftHfSld; kw;Wk; nry;thf;fhd tplaq;fs; rk;ge;jkhf rthy; tpLtjd; fhuzkhf Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw mjw;NfAhpa mghafukhd jd;ikfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,yq;if nra;jpahsHfs; mjpfhuk; gilj;NjhUf;F vjpuhf rthy;tpl;ljd; fhuzkhf rpiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ldH. ehl;Lf;F ntspNa Gfyplk; NjlNtz;ba epHg;ge;jj;jpw;Fs;shapdH. mj;Jld; fhzhkYk; NghapUe;jdH. 2009 Mk; Mz;L [dthpapy; kapHf;$r;nrwpAk; rk;gtnkhd;W epfo;e;jpUe;jJ. ,yq;ifapy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwapd; Kd;Ndhbfspy; xUtuhd rz;Nl yPlH gj;jphpifapd; gpujk Mrphpauhd yre;j tpf;fpukJq;f jkJ mYtyfj;Jf;F fhhpy; nrd;wNghJ Rl;Lf;nfhy;yg;gl;lhH. ,r;rk;gtk; rHtNjrf;fz;ldj;Jf;Fs;shdJ . mj;Jld; nfhiy ,lk;ngw;W %d;W jpdq;fspd; gpd;dH mtuJ gj;jphpif tpNrl gj;jp xd;iw ntspapl;lJ. mjpy; tpf;fpukJq;f jdJ kuzj;ij mDkhdpj;jpUe;jJld; jd;idf; nfhd;wtH gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH. mtu; kuzpj;j rpwpJ fhyj;jpd; gpd;dH gjpdhd;F Ngulq;fpa rHtNjr gj;jphpif [_uHfs; Fohnkhd;W> And];Nfhtpd; 2009 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd cyf gj;jphpif Rje;jpu tpUij mtuJ Jzptpw;fhfTk;> jpahfj;jpw;fhfTk; toq;fpapUe;jJ. ,e;j [_uH rigj;jiytUk; njd;dhg;gphpf;f gj;jphpif fTd;]piyr; NrHe;jtUkhd N[hj;Nyh vd;gtH $wpajhtJ: VfkdjhfNt mtiu ,t;tpUJf;F [_uh; rig njhpT nra;Js;sJ. jdJ kuzj;ij njspthf mwpe;jpUe;jNjhL jhd; $wNtz;baij mtH mr;rkpd;wp njhptpj;jpUe;jhH. kuzj;jpd; gpd;dUk; GijFopf;fg;ghYk; mtuJ kdr;rhl;rp xypj;jpUe;jJ. 'kuzj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dH ntspahd yre;j tpf;fpukJq;ftpd; gj;jpiaf;Fwpg;gpl;L mtH ,jidj; njhptpj;jpUe;jhH." yre;j tpf;fpukJq;f rh;tNjr Clftpayhsh;fis njhlHe;Jk; ftHgtuhfNt ,Uf;fpd;whH.

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,r;rk;gtj;jpd; gpd;dzpapy; vOfpd;w Nfs;tp vd;dntdpy;> tpf;fpukJq;f Nkyjpf eltbf;iffis jkJ ghJfhg;Gf;fUjp Nkw;nfhz;bUf;fKbAkh vd;gNjahFk;. Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;duhd Nghy;fd; gpuNjrq;fspy; Nghd;Wk;> u\;ah kw;Wk; ,j;jhypapy; khgpah cl;gl fWg;Gr;re;ijf; Fw;wthspfSf;nfjpuhf rthy;tpLk; nra;jpahsHfs; Nghd;WNk tpf;fpukJq;f cl;gl Vida nra;jpahsHfSk; ,yq;ifapy; Mgj;Jf;fis vjpHNehf;FgtHfshf ,Uf;fpd;wdH. epA+NahHf;if jskhff; nfhz;l gj;jphpifahsHfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd fkpl;bapd; fzpg;gPl;by; 75 rjtPjkhdtHfs; mtHfspd; gzpapd; epkpj;jNk nfhy;yg;gl;Ls;sik njhpate;Js;sJ. ,tHfspy; ngUk;ghyhdtHfs; cs;Sh; Clfq;fisr; NrHe;jtHfs;. nfhiyAz;l gj;jphpifahsHfs; njhlHghd Ma;nthd;wpy; 55 rjtPjkhdtHfs; murpay; nra;jpahsHfs; vdTk;> 27 rjtPjkhNdhH Aj;jr; nra;jpahsHfs; vdTk; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,Nj fzpg;igNa gj;jphpifahsUf;fhd rHtNjr rk;Nksdk; 'Neub nra;jp gj;jphpifahsUf;fhd ghJfhg;G topfhl;b" vd;w Mf;fj;jpy; Rl;bf;fhl;bapUe;jJ. mjd; mwpf;ifnahd;wpy; 1990 f;Fk; 2000 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; gypahd 1200 gj;jphpifahsHfspy; 90 rjtPjkhdtHfs; jhk; gpwe;J tsHe;j kz;zpNyNa nfhy;yg;gl;bUe;jdH. ntspehl;Lr; nra;jpahsHfisAk; Kf;fpakhff; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sNghjpYk; gypahNdhhpy; ngUk;ghyhNdhH cs;@H gj;jphpifahsHfs; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpur;rpidfshy; #og;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; Clfj;JiwapdUf;F cjTk; epWtdq;fs; Fwpj;J gj;jphpifahsHfs; mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. yz;lidj; jskhff; nfhz;lNj rHtNjr nra;jpg;ghJfhg;G epWTdkhFk;. gj;jphpifj;Jiw mikg;Gfs; nra;jpahshpd; ghJfhg;Gf;nfd jk;ikg; gpuj;jpNafkhfNt mHg;gzpj;Jf;nfhz;ltHfs; vd;w tl;lj;NjhL ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;jp ,aq;Fk; xU Kd;Ndhb epWtdkhf ,J tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mghafukhd #oypy; gzpahw;Wk; gj;jphpifahsHfsJ ghJfhg;Gg; gw;wpAk; ,e;j epWtdk; fhprid nfhz;Ls;sJ. yhgk; fUjhJ gj;jphpifahshpd; gzpfSf;F cjTtNj ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;. cyfshtpa hPjpapy; xU ghJfhg;G tiyg;gpd;diy Vw;gLj;jp rHtNjr hPjpahfTk; cs;@hpYk; gzpahw;Wk; gj;jphpifahsUf;F Ntz;ba cjtpfs;> MNyhridfis toq;FtNj ,e;j epWtdj;jpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhFk;.

Mgj;Jf;fisf; Fiwf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mtw;iw KOikahf cs;@H gj;jphpifahsUf;F Vw;gLtij jtpHf;f KbahJ. Nkw;ghHitahsHfs; nra;jpahsHfSldhd Kd;ndr;rhpf;ifAld; $ba xj;Jiog;GlNdNa mghaq;fis jzpf;fyhk;. my;[]Puhtpd; gpujk Gydha;Tj;Jiwr; nra;jpahsH ngh];wp ngslh ,t;thW $Wfpd;whh;.

88 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

gpuj;jpNaf ghJfhg;G vd;w hPjpapy; 'gj;jphpifahsd; vd;gtH gpur;rpidia vjpHNehf;fpapUg;gtH" vd;w $w;W Gydha;Tj;Jiwr; nra;jpahsiuj; jtpu Ntnwe;j nra;jpahsUf;Fk; nghUe;jhJ. mghaj;ij vilNghLtJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwapy; xU Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;. capiuf;nfhLj;J Kaw;rpf;fhjtiu ngwg;gLk; nra;jpapy; Kf;fpaj;JtkpUf;fhJ. vdNt mghafukhd #oypy; ,Ue;J kPs;tjw;fhd gq;fspg;gpy; Clf jpizf;fsq;fs; gapw;rp epiyaq;fs;> epHthfq;fs; Mfpad Kf;fpak; ngWfpd;wd.

MapDk; Kf;fpakhd gq;nfd;gJ gj;jphpifahsuJ Njhs;fspNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. mtNuh my;yJ mtNsh ,Uthpy; xUtNu jkJ capiuj;jPHkhdpf;f Ntz;batuhfpd;wdH. mtHfNs kw;WnkhU fijf;fhf thontz;baijAk; jPHkhdpf;f Ntz;batuhfpd;wdH." 1980 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1990 Mk; Mz;Ltiu Vwj;jho gj;J Mz;Lfs; nygdhdpy; gzaf;ifjpahf mN]h]pNal;ll; gpNu]; nra;jp epWtdj;jpd; nga;&l; nghWg;ghsH nuwp md;lH]d; itf;fg;gl;bUe;jhh; tpNrlkhf Aj;j tyaq;fs; Nghd;w caH mghafukhd gFjpfspy; gzpahw;Wk; nra;jpahsHfsplk; jkf;F Vw;glf;$ba Mgj;Jf;fs; gw;wp ed;F rpe;jid nra;AkhW mth; Nfl;bUe;jhh;. "vg;NghJk; ,ilawhJ xt;nthU epkplKk; mghaq;fisg; gw;wp rpe;jpAq;fs;;. rq;flkhd epiyia czUk;NghJ> ,U epkplj;jpw;Fs; ntspNawptpLq;fs;> njhlHe;jpUg;gJ gpuNahrdkpy;iy. capiu kha;f;Fk; msTf;F xU nra;jpAk; Kf;fpakhdjy;y" vd;W mtH $WfpwhH. ngh];dpa n`h;n]NfhtpdhtpYs;s Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwf;fhd epiyaj;jpd; MrphpaHfSk;> nra;jpahsHfSk; mr;r%l;ly; tuhjNghjpYk; jhk; Mgj;jpypUg;gij ,ay;ghf mwpe;J nfhs;fpwhHfs;. ,jw;fhd fhuzk;: Gs;sp tpguq;fspdbg;gilapy; nfhy;yg;gl;l Kf;fhy;thrp gj;jphpifahsHfSf;F mtHfsJ nra;jpfs; njhlHghf vr;rhpf;if nra;ag;gltpy;iy. ,jd;fhuzkhf me;epWtdk; nfhz;Ls;s ghJfhg;G jpl;lj;jpy; MrphpaHfSf;Fk; nra;jpahsHfSf;FkpilNa $Ljy; xj;Jiog;G Ntz;lg;gLfpwJ. fPo;tUtd Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfSf;Fk;> mtHfsJ nra;jp %yq;fSf;Fkhd ghJfhg;Gf; Fwpj;j nghJ topfhl;lyhFk;. ,e;j topfhl;ly;fs; ngh];dpahtpd; Gydha;T nra;jpj;Jiwf;fhd epWtdj;jpd; ghJfhg;Gf; ifE}ypy; ,Ue;Jk;> ,yq;ifr; nra;jpahsHfSf;nfd 'gj;jphpifahsHfSf;Fk;> Clfg;gzpahsHfSf;Fkhd ghJfhg;G tplaq;fs;" vd;w jiyg;gpy; mz;ikapy; rHtNjr gj;jphpifahsH rk;Nksdk;> ,d;lHepA+];> kw;Wk; aq; Vrpah nlyptp\d; Mfpatw;why; vOjg;gl;l E}ypypUe;Jk; njhFf;fg;gl;litahFk;.

ghJfhg;G eilKiwfs;

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njhopy;rhHG epiy: rpwe;j njhopy;rhHe;j epiyapy; rhpahd epahakhd nra;jpfis jUtNj ve;jnthU nra;jpahsUf;Fkhd rpwe;j ghJfhg;G tpjpKiwahfpwJ. ,jd; mHj;jk; ahnjdpy;: • ghugl;rkpd;ik: nra;jpf;FhpatH cq;fsJ jftiy ed;F Ghpe;Jnfhs;sTk;> gjpyspf;fTk; fhy mtfhrj;ij nfhz;Ls;sij cWjpg;gLj;jTk;. nra;jpf;FhpatH Ngl;b jukWj;jhy; mtNuhL njhlHe;J ,ize;jpUf;f Kaw;rpf;fTk;. kpd;mQ;ry; > fbjk; my;yJ je;jp %ykhf mtiu mZf Kw;glyhk;. fhyf;nfL KbAk;tiu mZf Kw;glTk;. ,j;jUzj;jpy; cq;fs; nra;jp epWtdj;jpd; Vida tplaq;fistpl Fwpj;j nra;jp jUgthpd; tplaNk KO mstpy; epahakhd Kiwapy; mwpag;glNtz;bajhfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; nra;jp jUgtH epahakhfTk; cq;is Vkhw;whjpUg;gijAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

• kPsTk; Nghl;Lg;ghHj;jy;: Kd;G ,f;if E}ypy;> Ngl;bia kPsTk; Nghl;Lf;fhz;gpj;jy; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njhk;. cz;ikj; jd;ikiag; NgZtJk;> Ngl;b je;jthpd; xj;Jiog;Gf;F kjpg;gspg;gJNk ,jd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhFk;. nra;jp jUgtH %Hf;fkhfNth my;yJ khWghlhfNth nra;jp ntspahd gpd;dH ele;Jnfhs;tij jLg;gjhfTk; ,J mikAk;.

• epiyg;ghL: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpjpul;lYk;> Ngl;bfhz;gJk; gzpfNs jtpu> gpuj;jpNaf Kuz;ghly;y. gyj;jnjhdpapy; Kuz;gl;lhy; Ngl;b jUgtUk; mNj njhdpapy; gjpyspf;fKbAk;. cz;ikapy; Ngl;bf;FhpatH kpfTk; MNtrj;Jld; nra;jpahshpd; czHr;rpg+Htkhd epiyf;F rhJthd fye;Jiuahlypd;wp gjpyspf;fKbAk;.

• nra;jp vy;iyfs;: ngUk;ghyhd jUzq;fspy; Fw;wthspfs; cl;gl nra;jpf;FhpatHfs; Clf mtjhdpg;Gf;Fl;gl;ltHfs;. MapDk; jftYf;FhpatHfspd; jdpg;gl;l tho;f;ifia nra;jpahsHfs; rPz;l Muk;gpj;jhy; mjw;fhd gjpybiaAk; vjpHnfhs;s NehpLk;. Coy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;Fs;shNdhH jkJ kidtp> gps;isfs;> FLk;gj;jtH gw;wp nra;jpahsH Fwpg;gpLtJ Fwpj;J fytukile;J tpLtH.

• jdpg;gl;ltw;iwj; jtpHj;jy;: xU rHr;irf;Fhpa nra;jpia vOJk;NghJ> nra;jpahsHfs; jkJ jdpg;gl;l tpguq;fshd FLk;gj;jtHfsJ ngaH> tpguq;fs;> taJ> tPl;L tpyhrk;> njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw toq;fyhfhJ. ,t;thW nra;tjd; %yk; mr;RWj;jy;fSf;Fs;shFjy;> gzak; itf;fg;gLjy; Nghd;w mghaq;fSf;Fs;shf Nehplyhk;. vtuhtJ jdpg;gl;l tpguq;fis mwpa Kw;gl;lhy; mikjpahf mt;thW Nfl;fg;gLtjpypUe;Jk; tpyfpf;nfhs;sTk;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

• FLk;gj;jtiuAk;> ez;gHfisAk; jtpHf;fTk;: VjhtJ Kf;fpa rHr;irf;Fhpa tplaj;ij mZFk;NghJ> mJgw;wpa tpguq;fis FLk;gj;jtNuhL my;yJ ez;gHfNshL NgRtijj; jtpHj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. ,t;thW NgRtjhy; mr;nra;jpapd; me;juq;fj;jd;ik ghjpf;fg;gl;L mJ jtwhd NgHtopfSf;F ntspaplg;glf;$ba #o;epiyAk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mj;Jld; mj;jftiy ntspapl;ltH Mgj;ij vjpHNehf;fTk; KbAk;.

• cq;fsJ nra;jp%yq;fis ghJfhj;jy;: nry;thf;Fg; gilj;jtHfs;> jkf;Fj; njhpe;j my;yJ Coy; NgHtopfshd nra;jpahsHfs; %ykhf nra;jpf;$lq;fSf;Fs; gpuNtrpf;fKbAk;. cq;fsJ Kf;fpakhd jfty;fs; > Mjhuq;fs; vd;gtw;iw fzzpf;Nfhitapy; itj;jpUf;fyhfhJ. mit ,yFthfNt gjpT nra;ag;gLk; my;yJ ntspNa vLf;fg;gLk; #o;epiyfs; mjpfkhfNt cs;sd. midj;J Mtzq;fisAk; rhtpAk;> g+l;Lkhf kpfg;ghJfhg;Gld; itj;jpUf;fTk;. KbAkhdhy; nra;jpf; $lj;Jf;F ntspapYk; mtw;iw itj;jpUf;fTk;. nra;jp%yq;fisr; re;jpf;Fk;NghJ re;jpf;Fk; ,lk; > Neuk; vd;gtw;iw mbf;fb khw;wpf;nfhs;sTk;. ,jd;%yk; ehk; gpd;njhlug;gLtij jtpHf;fKbAk;.

• gpuj;jpNaf ghJfhg;G: vg;NghJk; Nkyjpf fzzp Nfhitapy; my;yJ ,Wtl;nlhd;wpy; Kf;fpa Mtzq;fs;> jfty;fis ghJfhj;J mtw;iw ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpy; itf;fTk;. mjpfhhp xUtiu Mj;jpu%l;Lk; tpjj;jpy; Kf;fpa Mtznkhd;iw mthplk; nfhz;L nry;yNtz;lhk;.

mghafukhdtHfSk;>mr;RWj;jy;fSk; nra;jpahsH ftdj;jpw;F: rpy jUzq;fspy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsHfs; rpy rHr;irf;FhpatHfis njhlHG nfhs;sNehpLk;. mj;jifatHfis vj;jifa ey;yKiwapy; mZfKbe;jhYk; mr;RWj;jiy tpLj;J jfty;fs; frptij jLf;fKw;gLthHfs;. mj;jifa #oypy; ghJfhg;gpw;fhd rpy MNyhridfs;.

• njhiyNgrp mr;RWj;jy;: mr;RWj;jypd; rhpahd thHj;ijfis vOjpf;nfhs;sTk;. njhiyNgrp ciuahliy cldbahfNt gjpT nra;aTk;. njhiyNgrpapy; mioj;jthplkpUe;J NghJkhdsT jfty;fisg;ngw KayTk;. vd;d nra;jp ? cq;fs; Ml;Nrgidfs; vd;d ? vdf;Nfl;fTk;. tpthjpg;gij jtpHf;fTk;. nra;jpahsuy;y> MrphpaNu nra;jpia ifahSfpwhH vd njhiyNgrpapy; NgrpatUf;F $wTk;. MrphpaUf;Fk;> nghyp]hUf;Fk; mr;RWj;jiyg;gw;wp cld; mwptpf;fTk;. mr;RWj;jiy gfpuq;fg;gLj;jTk;. VidatHfis tpopg;gila nra;jhy; mr;RWj;JNthH gpd;thq;fptpLth;.

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• gpd;njhlHjy;: ngh];dpahtpy; rpy ClftpayhsHfs; jhk; gpd;njhlug;gl;ljhff; nfhy;yg;gLtjw;F Kd;gjhf njhptpj;jdH. gpdnjhlug;gLtjhf czug;gLk;NghJ nra;jpahsH mJgw;wp ftdQ;nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. jdJ gzpf;Fg; nghWg;ghd MrphpahplKk; ,J gw;wp njhptpf;fNtz;Lk;. nghyp]hUf;Fk; mwptpj;j gpd;dH ghJfhg;G mwpTWj;jy; fpilf;Fk; tiu ghJfhg;ghd ,lnkhd;iwj; Njbf; nfhs;sTk;.

• ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrpfs;: njhiyNgrp ml;ilfis ,yq;ifapy; ,yFthf thq;fyhk;. mghafukhd NgHtopfs; vdf;fUjg;gLNthUf;F FWe;jfty; mDg;gTk;> ciuahlTk; xU njhiyNgrp ml;ilia thq;fp gad;gLj;jTk;. gpuj;jpNaf kw;Wk; mYtyf njhiyNgrpfis xUNghJk; gad;gLj;jNtz;lhk;.

Nkyjpf gw;whp xd;iw thq;fTk;. xU ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrpia gpd;njhlh;jy; gw;whp %ykhfNt ,lk;ngWfpwJ. Ntz;Lkhdhy; mjid gpd;dH mg;Gwg;gLj;jp tplKbAk;.

• kpd;mQ;ry;: kpd; mQ;ry; ghptHj;jidapYk; ,Njtopiaf; ifahsTk;. ah`{. nfhk; my;yJ $fps; vd;gtw;NwhL Rakhd ,izg;ig jfty;fSf;fhf kl;Lk; itj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. Ntnwjw;Fk; ghtpf;fyhfhJ.

• ghJfhg;ghd ,lk;: xU rHr;irf;Fhpatiu Ngl;b fhz;gjdhy; njhiyNgrp %ykhf my;yJ gyUk; ghHf;ff;$ba nghJthd ,lj;jpy; mg;Ngl;bia elj;jyhk;. g];tz;bapy; my;yJ lhf;]p xd;wpy; nry;yTk;. Ngl;bjUgthpd; fhhpahyaj;jpy; re;jpg;gij jtpHf;fTk;. my;yJ Ngl;bjUgtiu nra;jp mYtyfj;Jf;F $l;b tuTk;. mq;F jfty;fis gj;jphpiffs; gpuj;jpNaf glq;fs; %ykhf ngWtNjhL gpur;rpidaw;w #oypy; Ngl;bia elj;jKbAk;.

• gpd;Gyk;: nra;jpahsH xUtH jdJ Nkyjpfhhpf;F vq;Nf? vtiu? vt;tsT Neuk;? Ngl;b fhz;gJgw;wp mwpaj;juNtz;Lk;. Ngl;b ghJfhg;ghf KbTw;wJk;> jdJ Mrphpaiu nra;jpahsH cldbahf njhlHGnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. kw;WnkhU eltbf;ifahf Ngl;b ,lk;ngWk; ,lj;jpy; jdJ rfh xUtiu epWj;jpitf;fKbAk;. nra;jpahsH VjhtJ rq;flj;jpy; rpf;Fk;NghJ mtuJ rfh mJ gw;wp mjpfhhpfSf;F mwptpf;fKbAk;.

• Ngl;bia ,ilepWj;jy;: nra;jp %yk; Ntbf;ifahff;$l mr;RWj;jpdhy; nra;jpahsH Ngl;bia ,ilepWj;jNtz;Lk;. 'ehd; ,q;F gzpapd; epkpj;jNk te;Njd;. Mdhy; ePq;fs; gaKWj;Jtjhf czHfpNwd;. ehd; Nghf Ntz;Lk" vdf;$wp ntspNawTk;.

• jhkjpf;fTk; Mdhy; iftplNtz;lhk;: gaKWj;jy; fLikahdhy; epiyik rhe;jkilAk;tiu nghWj;jpUf;fTk;. ,jd;%yk; gaKWj;jpatH gpd;njhlHtij jtpHf;fTk;. MapDk; Muk;gpj;j nra;jpia nra;jpahsH my;yJ epWtdj;ijr; NrHe;j NtnwhUtH epiwT nra;aNtz;Lk;. ,y;iyNay; mr;RWj;jy; gadspg;gNjhL gpd;dH NkhrkhdjhfTk; khwf; $Lk;;.

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Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

• MrphpaHfSf;F: xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpjpul;Lk; eltbf;if Muk;gkhd jpdj;jpypUe;J mjid Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nra;jpahshpd; ghJfhg;Gf;F mjp Kf;fpakspf;fg;glNtz;baJ mtuJ Nkw;ghHitahsuJk;> epWtdj;jpdJk; flikahFk;.

jkJ nra;jpahsHfisg; ghJfhf;f MrphpaH ifahsNtz;ba topKiwfs;:

• Kd;gjhfNt fzpg;gplTk;: Gydha;T nra;ag;glg;NghFk; nra;jp vt;tsT J}uk; jkf;Fk; jkJ nra;jpahsUf;Fk; mghafukhdnjd;gij xU MrphpaH mDkhdpf;fNtz;Lk;.

• Kd;djhf jpl;lkplTk;: xU Gydha;Tr; nra;jpg;gzpia Muk;gpf;fKd;dH> ghJfhg;G Kiwikfs; gw;wp XH MrphpaH Kd;ndr;rhpf;ifNahL ele;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. Fwpj;j nra;jp njhlHghd mghafukhd NgHtopfs; gw;wp ntspg;gilahf MrphpaUk; nra;jpahsUk; fye;JiuahlNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; mtrukhd jUzj;jpy; ahiu miof;f Ntz;LnkdTk; KbT nra;aTk;. nra;jpahshpd; FLk;gj;jtUf;Fk; ez;gHfSf;Fk; neUf;fb epiyikfspy; njhlHGnfhs;sf;$ba tpguq;fisAk; njhptpf;fTk;. gpur;rpidapd;NghJ njhlHGnfhs;sf;$ba 'ghJfhg;ghd thHj;ij" iaAk; jPHkhdpf;fNtz;Lk;.

• Nkw;ghHitaply;: xt;nthU nra;jpahsUk; ifalf;fj;njhiyNgrp itj;jpUg;gijAk; mtHfs; jkJ rfhf;fSld; njhlHgpypUg;gijAk; cWjpg;gLj;jTk;. ehshe;j gzp> kw;Wk; mtuJ eltbf;iffs; gw;wp nra;jpahsUld; jpdKk; fhiyapy; njhlHG nfhs;sTk;. VjhtJ re;jpg;ig elj;jKd;dH miof;FkhW nra;jpahsUf;F njhptpf;fTk;. mjw;fhd fhy mtfhrj;ijAk; toq;fTk;. mt;thW nra;jpahsH miof;f jtWk; gl;rj;jpy; MrphpaH mtHfSld; njhlHG nfhz;L mtHfsJ ghJfhg;G gw;wp mwpa Ntz;Lk;.

• gaKWj;jy;fs;: gaKWj;jy; xd;W Vw;gLkhdhy; mJgw;wp mjpfhhpfSf;F mwpaj;jUk; nghWg;G MrphpaUilaJ. mj;Jld; Kd;dNu Vw;ghlhd ghJfhg;ghd ,lnkhd;Wf;F nra;jpahsiu mDg;GtNjhL> mtiu nghyp]; epiyaj;jpYk; Kiwg;ghL nra;aitf;fNtz;Lk;.

Nkyjpf ghJfhg;ig nra;jpahsUf;F toq;FtNjhL> mtuJ FLk;gj;jtiu rpyfhyk; efiutpl;L ntspNa itj;jpUf;fTk; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; gaKWj;jy; mjpfkhdhy; mg;Gydha;Tr; nra;jp jpul;Lk; eltbf;ifia jw;fhypfkhf epiyikfs; rPuhFk;tiu xj;jpitf;fTk;

• gaKWj;jiy Muha;jy;: xt;nthU mr;RWj;jiyAk; mjd;jd;ik> vt;tsTJhuk; mghafukhdJ vd;gJgw;wp xUtH %ykhf mwpe;J nfhs;sTk;. Clf nra;jpawpf;ifnahd;wpd; %ykhfTk;> NtW Clfq;fs; %ykhfTk; mr;RWj;jypd; jd;ikia mwpaj;juTk;.

Fwpj;j mr;RWj;jy;gw;wp nra;jp xd;iwAk; vOjptplTk;.

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• nghWg;Gld; nrk;ikg;gLj;jy;: xU nra;jpia nrk;ikg;gLj;Jk;NghJ nghWg;Gld; elf;fTk;. nra;jpf;FhpatUf;F NghJkhdsT fhy Neuk; gjpyspg;gjw;fhf xJf;fg;gl;lij cWjpg;gLj;jTk;. rl;l gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp epWtdj;jpd; rl;lj;juzpAld; MNyhrpf;fTk;.

• nra;jpf;$l tpUe;jpdHfs;: nra;jpf;$lj;jpw;F tUk; tpUe;jpdHfis mDkjpg;gJ> re;jpg;gJ rk;ge;jkhd nghWg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhs;sTk;. mtHfis nra;jpf;$lk; jtpHe;j xU re;jpf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F mioj;Jr; nry;yTk;. nra;jpahsiuAk;> nray;jpl;lj;ijAk; kl;Lk; mZFk; tpjj;jpy; kl;Lk; mDkjpf;fTk;.

• cWjpahf ,Uf;fTk;: Kd;dNu Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l ghJfhg;G mwpTWj;jy;fSf;F ,zq;f nra;jpahsH kWj;jhy;> mtUf;nfjpuhf xOq;F eltbf;if vLf;fTk;.

nra;jp %yq;fspd; ghJfhg;G ,yq;ifapy; ClftpayhsHfs; vjpHnfhs;Sk; mr;RWj;jy; mtHfsJ nra;jp%yq;fisAk; ghjpf;fpd;wJ. Vw;fdNt jdJ nra;jp %yq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F ,Uf;Fk; "rl;l ftrq;fs;" vdg;gLtjw;F Ntwhf jkJ nra;jp %yq;fis njhptpg;gij kWg;gjw;fhd rl;l Vw;ghLfs; ClftpayhsHfSf;F ,y;iy. rpy ClftpayhsHfs; fle;j fhyq;fspy; jkJ nra;jp %yq;fis njhptpj;J tpLk; tpjj;jpy; gyj;j mOj;jq;fSf;Fs;shfpapUe;jdH. cly; hPjpahd Mgj;Jf;fis jtpHg;gjw;F jhk; ifahSfpd;w mNj topKiwfisNa jkJ nra;jp %yq;fis ghJfhf;fTk; nra;jpahsHfs; ifahsNtz;Lk;. jdJ nra;jp%yk; Clfk; kl;LNkahd rpk; ml;il ,yf;fk; itj;jpUg;gij cWjpg;gLj;jTk;. cq;fSld; mtrukhfNth my;yJ Mgj;J NtisapNyh ciuahLk; tpjj;jpy; ,ufrpa FwpaPL xd;iwAk; cUthf;fTk;. nra;jp%yq;fspd; ghJfhg;G gw;wp MrphpaHfSf;F mwpaj;juTk;. xU nghJ ,lj;jpy; ,U jlitf;FNky; nra;jp %yj;ij re;jpf;fyhfhJ. vg;gbapUg;gpDk; XH ,Uk;Gf;ftrk; jk;ikg; ghJfhf;f ,y;iy vd;gij nra;jp %yKk; nra;jpahsUk; mwpe;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. 2007 Mk; Mz;L ,J kpfj;njspthfj; njhpate;jpUe;jJ. rz;Nl yPlH gj;jphpifapy; ntspahd nra;jpnahd;wpy;> rpy nghyp]; mjpfhhpfs;> Nghijt];;J eltbf;iffis nfhOk;gpy; Kwpabj;jJ njhlHghf jtwhd Kiwapy; Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gl;bUe;jdH. me;j Nghijt];;J eltbf;if rpy nghyp]; Nkw;ghHitahsHfspd; mDkjpAlNdNa ,lk;ngw;Wte;jJ. Fwpj;j rz;Nl yPlH nra;jp ,d;];ngf;lH lf;s]; epkhy; cl;gl jtwhf Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gl;l mjpfhhpfisAk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jJ.

94 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

mr;nra;jp ntspahd kWjpdk; mjid ntspg;gLj;jpa nra;jpahsUf;F ,d;];ngf;lH epkhy; ed;wp njhptpj;jpUe;jhH. jhk; mePjpahf ,ilepWj;jg;gl;likia vjpHj;J caHePjpkd;wpy; mbg;gil chpik kDj;jhf;fy; nra;ag;NghtjhfTk; ,d;];ngf;lH epkhy; njhptpj;jpUe;jhH. gj;jphpif mYtyfj;Jf;F te;J jdJ Nkyjpfhhpfs; Ghpe;j NtW jtwhd eltbf;iffs; gw;wp jfty; jUtjhfTk; mtH njhptpj;jhH. Mdhy; mtH mjidr; nra;aKbatpy;iy. epkhYk; mtuJ kidtpAk; caHePjpkd;wk; nry;Yk; topapy; mj;JUfphpatpy;; nfhy;yg;gl;ldH. ePjpkd;wpy; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;L Coy;fis njhpag;gLj;j Kad;w epkhypd; kiwT> mtNuhL njhlHG itj;jpUe;j nra;jpahsUf;F jdpg;gl;l KiwapYk;> njhopy; hPjpahfTk; XH ,og;ghFk;. ,r;rk;gtk; Gydha;Tr; nra;jp eltbf;ifapy; <LgLk;NghJ xt;nthUtUk; vt;tsT Jhuk; mtjhdkhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gijAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf mike;jpUe;jJ.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| 95

96 |

Gydha;T gj;jpupif Jiwf;fhd - ts Ehy;

gpw;NrHf;if

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| i

gpw;NrHf;if 1

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwapd; tiutpyf;fzq;fs; xU ftdj;Jf;Fhpa tplaj;ij Mokhfj;JUtp Muha;e;J mJgw;wpa jfty;fis nra;jpahsHfs; mwpe;J nfhs;tNj Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;JiwahFk;. Fw;wr;nray;fs;> murpay; Nkhrbfs;> my;yJ epWtd hPjpahd jtWfs; vd;gitNa Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiwapd; ftdj;Jf;F ngUk;ghYk; clgLfpd;wd . nra;jp mwpf;if xd;iwj; jahhpg;gjpy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpahsH xUtH gy khjq;fs; my;yJ tUlq;fisf; $l nrytplyhk;. ngUk;ghyhd Gydha;Tr; nra;jp eltbf;iffs;> gj;jphpiffs;> nra;jp epWtdq;fs;> kw;Wk; Rakhfr; nraw;gLk; nra;jpahsHfshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

Gydha;T Clfj;Jiwia 'fhty; eha; Clfj;Jiw” my;yJ "nghWg;Gtha;e;j nra;jpj;jpul;ly;” vdTk; Fwpg;gpLtJz;L. - tpf;fpgPbah Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw vd;gJ rHr;irf;FhpaJk;> fr;rpjkhdJkhFk;.

- Gydha;Tj;Jiwf;fhd lr;R mikg;G VVOJ

nghJeyd; fUjpajhf jfty;fis mwpe;jpl nra;jpahsHfs; Kw;gLk;NghJ> mtw;iw xUtH kiwj;Jitj;jpUf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; mJgw;wp JUtp Muha;tNj Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;JiwahFk;.

-Nfk;gpwpl;I; ,iza mfuhjp kiwj;J itf;f Kaw;rpf;Fk; jfty;fis mwptJ rk;ge;jkhf nra;jpahsHfs; ngUksT Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;tNj Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;lyhFk;. www.mediadictionary.com Coy;fs; gw;wp my;yJ murhq;fj;jpd; jtwhd epHthf eltbf;iffs; gw;wp nra;jpahsHfs; Muha;e;J cz;ik epytuq;fis ntspapLtJ Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;JiwahFk;. www.publishingdictionary.com

nghJeyd;fUjpa Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;liytpl fhj;jpukhd gq;fspg;ig r%fj;Jf;F ehk; toq;fKbahJ. Mokhf Gije;J kiwthf ,Uf;Fk; jfty;fis Muha;e;jwpe;J cz;ikj;jd;ikfis "Vd;”> "vt;thW" vdj;jUtNj Gydha;Tr; nrajpj;jpul;lyhFk;. vdNt nghJthfNt nra;jpahsHfshy; vOg;gg;gLk; mbg;gilf; Nfs;tpfshd ahH? vJ? vq;Nf? vg;NghJ? vd;gtw;Wf;F mg;ghy; Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;ly; mike;Js;sJ. Nlhdp NgHkd; gpujk MrphpaH - CBC News ii | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

gpw;NrHf;if 2

Clfj;Jiwapd; gj;Jf;fl;lisfs;

• cyfkakhjy; (midtUf;Fk; fpilf;ff;$baJk;> mZfg;glf;$baJk;.)

• <Lglitj;jy; (cs;slf;fkhdJ mZfg;glf;$baJk; > thrfHfs; > NeaHfshy; urpf;ff;$baJk;)

• gy;tifj;jd;ik (xt;nthUtUf;Fk; VNjh xUtplak;)

• gyjug;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; (taJ> ghy;> ,dk;> tHf;f NtWghbd;wp rpWghd;ikapdUf;Fk; gq;fspj;jy;)

• milahsk; (r%f> gpuhe;jpa> Njrpa milahsj;jd;ikfs; kPjhd fhprid> fyhrhu> nkhopg;gy;tifj;jd;ikia NgZjy;> r%f xUq;fpizg;ig fl;bnaOg;Gjy;)

• MrphpagPl Rje;jpuk; ( murhq;f jiyaPL> gf;fr;rhHghd Nghf;fpypUe;J tpLgl;L Rakhf ,aq;Fjy;)

• juk;Ngzy; (cs;slf;fk; kw;Wk; tplajhdq;fspy; caHe;j juj;ijg; NgZjy;)

• Raj;jd;ik (gioadtw;iwNa kPs mZfhJ> tpw;gidg;gz;lk;Nghy; ,Uf;fhJ> Gjpa cs;slf;fj;ij nfhz;bUj;jy;)

• Gj;jhf;fk; (Gjpa mZFKiwAk;> Gjpa fskikj;jYk;)

• rthy;tpLtJ (thrfHfisAk;> NeaHfisAk; rpe;jpf;fitg;gJ)

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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gpw;NrHf;if 3

Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;jpul;lYf;fhd VO mbg;gil tpjpKiwfs; jUgtH : fpshHf; nkhnyd;n`ht;. tpjp - 1: murpay; NtWghLfis jtpHf;fTk;. xU murpay; fl;rpia kl;Lk; Gydha;T nra;tjd;%y%k; my;yJ xU murpay; fl;rp rhHghf Gydha;T nra;tjd; %y%k; cq;fsJ Mf;fj;jpwdpy; 50 rjtPjj;ij ,of;fpwPHfs;. tpjp - 2: jfty;fisAk;> tpilfisAk; ngWfpd;wNghJ cWjpahd mNjrkak; kpf mtjhdj;JlDk; ele;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;. jtwhd nraypy; <Lgl;l mur mYtyHfs; ePq;fs; tpUk;Gfpd;wtuh? my;yJ cq;fSf;F ek;gpf;ifaw;wtuh? vd;gij kpf Mzpj;jukhf jPHkhdpf;fNtz;Lk;. cq;fsJ ez;gUf;F rhjfkhf ,Uf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; fLikahd Neubf;Nfs;tpfis mtH nghWg;Gf;$wNtz;Lk; vd;w tifapy; ePq;fs; Nfl;fNtz;bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. tpjp - 3: cq;fs; tplaj;ijg; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. mt;tplak; xU efuk; gw;wpa gpur;rpid rk;ge;jg;gl;ljh? xU Njrk; my;yJ rk\;b murhq;fk; my;yJ xU ngUk; njhopy;rhHe;j kw;Wk; tpahghuk; rk;ge;jg;gl;ljh? vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk;. ePq;fs; xU kpfTk; njhopy;El;g hPjpahd #oypy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ my;yJ rHr;irf;Fhpa tplak; Fwpj;J nray;gLk;NghJ ePq;fs; mwpe;Jnfhz;lij njspthfg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;shjtplj;J vjpHghuhjtpjkhf jtWfisg; Ghpa KbAk;. tpjp - 4: rl;l epakq;fis jphpGgLj;jNth my;yJ kpifg;gLj;jNth $lhJ. ifahSk; tplaj;ij gugug;ghf;f KidtJ cq;fsJ Gydha;Tg;gzpia ghjpj;JtpLk;.

iv | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

tpjp - 5: Gydha;Tr; nra;jpfis Nrfhpg;gJ njhlHghf mJFwpj;j tplaq;fSlDk;> nra;jp%yq;fSlDk; NeubahfNt mZfTk;. je;jpNuhghaq;fisNah my;yJ khw;W topfisNah ifahsNtz;lhk;. Nghypahd ngaiuNah milahsj;ijNah nfhs;s Ntz;lhk;. my;yJ rl;lj;ij mKyhf;Fk; mjpfhhp xUtiug;Nghy ele;J nfhs;sTk; Ntz;lhk;. NeubahfNt cq;fsJ Gydha;T tplaq;fis ePq;fs; mZfpdhy; mjd;%yk; vjpHfhyj;jpYk; cq;fs; gzpfis ePq;fs; rpwg;Gld; ey;y nra;jp %yq;fSld; Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. tpjp - 6: xUtH kPJ ghjfkhd gpujpgypg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; tplak;gw;wpa Mjhuj;ij NeubahfNt vOJtJld;> Fwpj;j egH mtH kPJ vOg;gg;gl;l Nfs;tp njhlHghf KOikahf gjpyspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; tha;g;igAk; toq;fTk;. Neub rhl;rpak; ngUk;ghYk; ek;gfj;jd;ikaw;wJ. fhl;rp jUgtH vt;tpj gpuj;jpNaf <Lghl;ilf;nfhz;buhj NghjpYk; jtWfSf;fhd tha;g;Gfs; vz;fzpj Kiwapy; mjpfhpj;Jr; nry;Yk;. fhprid nfhz;l ClftpayhsH fkpl;b gjpyspg;gth; KOikahf jkf;Fupa Nfs;tpfSf;fhd gjpiy toq;Fk; tpjj;jpy; Neub Mjhuq;fisg;gad;gLj;jp mtw;iw fLikahf gpujpgypf;f itf;fTk;.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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gpw;NrHf;if 4

njhopy;rhH eilKiwf;fhd ,yq;if gj;jphpifahrphpaH Fohj;jpd; xOf;ftpjpfs; ,yq;if gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpdhy; Vw;wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ 1. Kd;Diu; rHtNjr juj;Jf;fikthf Clf eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; mNjrkak; rfy Clf epWtdq;fisAk;> ClftpayhsHfisAk; xd;wpizf;Fk; xOf;ff;NfhitahdJ thrfHfsJ vjpHghHg;Gf;fis g+Hj;jpnra;fpd;wNjhL> ,yq;ifapy; gj;jphpifj;Jiwapd; Rje;jpuj;ijAk;> nghWg;GzHitAk; cWjpnra;tij Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,j;jifa xOf;f epakq;fs;> fr;rpjkhd Kiwapy; gj;jphpiffs; ,aq;fp njhopy; rhHGilaitahf xUq;fpizg;NghL Gydha;Tr;nra;jpj;Jiwapd; rpwg;ghd ghuk;ghpaq;fis nghJeyd; fUjpajhfTk;> tHj;jf hPjpahf jphpGgLj;jg;glhjjhfTk; ,Ug;gij cWjpnra;fpd;wJ. $lNt Clf Rje;jpuj;ij FWfpa Raeyd; rhHe;j mOj;jq;fs; ghjpf;fhjpUg;gijAk; cWjpnra;fpwJ. ClftpayhsHfSk;> gj;jphpiffSk; jkJ nrhe;jf;fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Rje;jpuj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s mNjrkak; VidNahUila fUj;Jf;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;J> r%fg; nghWg;GzHitAk; ntspg;gLj;j Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. xOf;ff;NfhitahdJ jdpg;gl;ltUila chpikia ghJfhg;gNjhL kf;fSila fUj;jwpAk; chpikiaAk; cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,t; xOf;ff;Nfhitapd; xt;nthU mk;rKk; kjpf;fg;glNtz;bajhf ,Uf;fNtz;ba mNjrkak;> FWfpa Kiwapy; mjid tpahf;fpahdk; nra;J jdpegHfSila chpikfis cjhrPdk; nra;aNth my;yJ nghJeyd; fUjpatw;iw tphpthf ntspapLtijj; jLg;gijNah mDkjpf;fyhfhJ.

vi | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

2. fr;rpjkhd nra;jpawpf;ifaply; 2.1 jphpGgLj;jg;glhjtifapy; glq;fisAk; nra;jpfisAk; fr;rpjkhf ntspapLtij Clfj;Jiw cWjp nra;aNtz;Lk;.

2.2 epahakhd Kiwapy; midj;J Kaw;rpfSk; MrphpaHfspdhYk; nra;jpfspd; fr;rpjj;jd;ikia> mJ ntspaplg;gLtjw;F Kd;gjhf ed;F MuhaNtz;Lk;.

2.3 jtwhd my;yJ cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghdJ vd;W fUjg;gLgtw;iw MrphpaHfs;> mtHfsJ rf mYtyHfs; > ntspNa ,Ue;J gq;fspg;gtHfs; xUNghJk; gpuRhpf;f Kayf;$lhJ. 2.4 Gydha;Tr; nra;jpj;Jiw nghJeyd; fUjpajhf ,Ug;gij cWjp nra;Ak; tpjj;jpy; gj;jphpif epWtdq;fs; ,aq;Ftij Cf;Ftpj;jy;.

3. jpUj;jq;fSk; - kd;dpg;Gf;Nfhuy;fSk; 3.1 nra;jpawpf;ifnahd;W jtwhdjhf gpuRukhfpAs;sij gj;jphpif MrphpaH mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk; gl;rj;jpy; mt;tplak; rhptuj;jpUj;jg;gl;L chpa Kf;fpaj;Jtj;Jld; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdhplk; kd;dpg;Gf;Nfhhpajhf mike;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;.

4. gjpyspg;gjw;fhd re;jHg;gk; 4.1 nra;jpawpf;ifnahd;W jdpg;gl;l xUtuJ my;yJ epWtdj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> nfsutk;> czHTfs;> me;juq;fj;jd;ik vd;gtw;iwg; ghjpj;jpUe;jhy;> mJFwpj;J ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhH tpsf;fkspf;f epahakhd tha;g;gpid mtHfSf;F toq;fNtz;Lk; . ,g;gjpyhdJ Kiwg;ghl;lhsH Fwpg;gpl;Lf;fhl;Lfpd;w jtW fhzg;gLk; jftiy kl;Lk; cs;slf;fpajhf ,Uf;fNtz;LNk jtpu Vidatw;iw KOikahf jpUj;jNtz;ba mtrpakpy;iy.

4.2 gj;jphpiffs; my;yJ ClftpayhsHfs; Kiwg;ghl;lhsHfSf;F jkJ jtW njhlHghf tUj;jk; njhptpj;J kd;dpg;Gf;nfhUk; mNjrkak;> ghjpf;fg;gl;l jug;gpdH gjpyspg;gjw;fhd Gjpa tha;g;igAk; toq;fNtz;Lk;.

5. me;juq;f %yq;fs; 5.1 nra;jp%yq;fs; jk;ik ntspf;fhl;;l tpUk;ghj tiu mtHfspd; me;juq;fj;jd;ikia ghJfhg;gJ xt;nthU ClftpayhsuJk; Kf;fpa nghWg;ghf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| vii

6. nghJthd nra;jpawpf;ifaplYk;> vOJjYk; 6.1 r%f mikg;gpy; fhzg;gLk; gy;NtW gpur;rpidfis nghJeyidg; ghJfhf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; ntspg;gLj;jNtz;baJ Clfj;Jiwapd; flikahFk;. ,J tplaj;jpy; tpNrl ftdj;NjhL Clfj;Jiw jdJ gq;fspg;igj; juNtz;Lk;. tpag;igj;jUtJk; tUj;jj;Jf;FhpaJkhd r%f tpNuhj nray;fshd td;Kiwfs;> mlf;FKiwfs; > Nghijt];j;J ghtid> ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk; Nghd;wtw;iw chpa Mjhuq;fs;> mgpg;gpuhaq;fs;> glq;fs;> tiuglq;fs; vd;gtw;Wld; kf;fs; eyidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L gpuRhpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

6.2 nra;jpawpf;ifapLk; tplaj;jpy; nghWg;GzHT Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. nghJeyd;fUjpajhf rl;lg+Htkhf mDkjpf;fg;glhjgl;rj;jpy; Fw;wr;nray; my;yJ Fw;wtpay; tof;F rk;ge;jkhf fPo;tUtdtw;iw Fwpg;gplyhfhJ: 1. ghypay; J\;gpuNahfj;jpy; ghjpg;Gw;Nwhhpd; ngaHfs;.

2. Kd;G Fw;wkpiof;fhj rpwhHfspd; ngaHfs;.

16

taJf;Ff;Fiwe;j

Fw;wQ;Rkj;jg;gl;l

3. Fw;wthspahff; fhzg;gl;l xUtiu mtuJ cwtpduJ mDkjpapd;wp milahsg;gLj;jy;.

6.3 Ntz;Lnkd;Nwh my;yJ njhpe;Njh ClftpayhsH xUtH kj> ,d td;Kiwfis Jhz;lyhfhJ. 6.4 jdpegUila ,dk;> epwk;> kjk;> ghy; my;yJ mthplk; ,Uf;ff;$ba kdg;ghjpg;G cl;gl Vida mq;ff;FiwghLfis mtUf;Fj; jPq;F my;yJ e\;lk; Vw;gLk; tpjj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLtij Clfj;Jiw jtpHf;fNtz;Lk;. jug;gLk; nra;jpAld; Neubr;rk;ge;jk; ,y;yhjtiu xUtuJ ,dk;> rhjp> kjk;> ghy; NtWghL> kdNeha; my;yJ mq;ff;FiwghL vd;gitgw;wp gpuRhpg;gij jtpHf;fNtz;Lk;.

6.5 1. rl;lk; jLj;jpuhjNghjpYk;> jkJ Raeyd;fUjp ClftpayhsHfs; gpuRhpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;gjhf jkf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; epjp epytuk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l jftiy gad;gLj;jNth my;yJ VidNahH yhgk; fUjp mtw;iw ifkhwNth $lhJ. 2. gq;Fr;re;ij tpguq;fs; rk;ge;jkhf gjpg;ghsH> MrphpaH my;yJ epjpj;Jiw nghWg;ghrphpaH MfpNahUf;F ntspg;gLj;jhJ> xUtuJ gq;Fr;re;ij gq;F tpguq;fs; my;yJ neUq;fpa FLk;gj;jtuJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f epjpf;ifapUg;G vd;gtw;iw vOjyhfhJ.

viii | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

7. me;juq;fj;jd;ik 7.1 jdpegHfsJ jdpg;gl;l tho;f;if> FLk;g tho;f;if> mtuJ tPl;L epytuk;> NjfhNuhf;fpak;> njhlHGfs; vd;git gw;wp kjpg;gspg;gjpy; Clfj;Jiw tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jNtz;Lk;. mDkjpapy;yhky; xUtuJ me;juq;f tplaq;fSf;Fs; gpuNtrpg;gJ> nghJeyid kPWk; nrayhfNt fUjKbAk;.

7.2 nghJeyd; jtpu> jdpg;gl;l my;yJ nghJr;nrhj;Jf;fis mDkjpapd;wp Gifg;gl fUtpapd; ePz;l njhiyNehf;fpr; rhjdk; %ykhf epahakhd me;juq;fj; jd;ikiaAk; kPwpg;glnkLg;gJ Vw;fg;glf;$bajy;y.

7.3 Ntjidf;Fhpait> mjpHr;rpjUgit> tprhuizfs; vd;git rk;ge;jkhd tof;Ffs; gw;wp ifahSk;NghJ kpf mtjhdj;JlDk; tpeaj;JlDk; ftdQ;nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

7.4 mehtrpakw;w jiyaPLfspd;wp rpWguhaj;jpdH mtHfsJ ghlrhiy tUlq;fis epiwT nra;aNtz;Lk; . ghjpg;Gw;w epiy> mtd; my;yJ mts; gw;wpa FLk;gk; > ghJfhtyH kw;Wk; gyuhYk; Ngrg;gLk; epiy jtpHe;j tpjptpyf;fhfg; nghJeyd; fUjpajhfNt xU rpwhH rk;ge;jg;gl;l ve;jnthU tplaKk; gpuRukhtJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glf; $bajhfpd;wJ. 7.5 nghJeyd; fUjpajhftd;wp jdpegHfSila itj;jparhiy my;yJ mijnahj;j epWtdq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; Nghd;w me;juq;f tplaq;fspy; jiyapLtJ fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;bajhfpd;wJ. 8. njhe;juTk;> fglj;jdKk; 8.1 Gifg;gl ClftpayhsHfs; cl;gl Vida ClftpayhsHfs; jkf;Fhpa jfty;fs; kw;Wk; Gifg;glq;fisg; ngWtjw;fhf mr;RWj;jiyNah fglj;jdkhd mZFKiwfisNah Nkw;nfhs;syh fhJ. ePz;lnjhiyNehf;fp Gifg;glf;fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;JtJ> xypg;gjpTf;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;JtJ Nghd;w eltbf;iffisAk; nghJeyd; fUjpajhf Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;LNk jtpu vjidAk; gyhj;fhukhf Nkw;nfhs;syhfhJ. 9. nfsutk; 9.1 xt;nthU NgzNtz;Lk;.

ClftpayhsUk;

jdJ

njhopypd;

nfsutj;ij

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tpahf;fpahdk; nghJeyDf;Fl;gl;lit.

1 . (i) [dehafk;> ey;yhl;rp> fUj;Jr;Rje;jpuk; kf;fspd; mbg;gil chpikfs; vd;gtw;iwg; ghJfhg;gNjhL> ,tw;iw NeubahfNth kiwKfkhfNth Fe;jfk; tpistpg;gJ gw;wp mwpaj;jUtJ Fw;wr;nray;fis fz;lwptJ my;yJ ntspg;gLj;JtJ> rPuw;w epHthfk;> ghjfkhd nray;fis ,dq;fhz;gJ . (i i) nghJr;Rfhjhuk; > r%fg;ghJfhg;G Mfpatw;iwg; ghJfhg;gNjhL fy;tp> fyhrhu tplaq;fspd; juj;ijAk; NgZjy;. (i i i) xU jdpegH my;yJ epWtdj;jpd; mwpf;if my;yJ nraypdhy; nghJkf;fs; jtwhf topelj;jg;gLtjpypUe;J ghJfhj;jy;.

2. nghJeyd; rk;ge;jg;gLkplj;J> gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FO gj;jphpifahrphpaH my;yJ ClftpayhshplkpUe;J tpsf;fj;ijf;Nfhu chpik nfhz;Ls;sJ. kWghprPyid ,yq;if gj;jphpifahrphpah; Fohk; fhyj;Jf;Ff;fhyk; Mdhy; Mz;LNjhWk; xU jlitf;Ff; Fiwahj tifapy; mjd; xOf;ff;Nfhitapd; mk;rq;fis kWghprPyid nra;aKbAk;.

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gpw;NrHf;if 5

ClftpayhsHfspd; nraw;ghL Fwpj;j rHtNjr ClftpayhsH rk;Nksdj;jpd; xOf;ftpjpfspd; gpufldk; ,r;rHtNjr gpufldk; ClftpayhsHfsJ njhopy;rhHe;j nraw;ghL Fwpj;j epajpahf ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJld;> nra;jp Nrfhpj;jy; xsp xypgug;Gjy;> gutr;nra;jy;> rk;gtq;fis tpghpf;Fk;NghJ fUj;Jf;fisj; njhptpj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpd;NghJ gpd;gw;wNtz;ba tpjpKiwfisj; jUtjhfTk; mike;Js;sJ. 1. cz;ikf;F kjpg;gspj;jYk;> nghJkf;fSf;F cz;ikia mwptjw;Fhpa chpikf;F kjpg;gspj;jYNk XH Clftpayhshpd; Kjw;flikahFk;.

2. ClftpayhsHfs; flikfisr; nra;Ak;NghJ> nra;jpfisr; Nrfhpf;Fk;NghJ> Clf Rje;jpuj;jpd; NeHikj;jd;ikia ghJfhj;J epahakhd fUj;Jf;fisAk; tpkHrdq;fisAk; kjpg;gspj;Jg; NgzNtz;Lk;.

3. xU gj;jphpifahsH> xU tplaj;jpd; Muk;gj;ij ed;F mwpe;j epiyapy; rhpahd jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapNyNa nra;jpiaj;juNtz;Lk;.

Kf;fpakhd jfty;fis %bkiwf;fyhfhJ. Mtzq;fis jtwhd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jTk; $lhJ. 4. NeHikahd mZFKiwfs; %yNk nra;jpfs;> glq;fs;> Mtzq; fisg; ngw ClftpayhsHfs; KayNtz;Lk;.

5. ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jf;$ba tifapy;> NeHj;jpaw;w Kiwapy; ,Uf;ff;$ba jfty;fs; Fwpj;J ed;F Muha;e;jwpe;j gpd;dNu gpuRhpf;f gj;jphpifahsHfs; Kd;tuNtz;Lk;.

6. ek;gfj;jd;ikNahL ngw;Wf;nfhz;l jfty;fspd; nra;jp %yq;fsJ me;juq;fj;jd;ikia njhopy;rhH Kiwapy; NgzNtz;Lk;.

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| xi

7. Clfj;Jiw %ykhf NtWghLfis Vw;gLj;Jtjpd; %yk; Vw;gLk; mghaq;fis Clfj;JiwapdH ed;fwpe;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. ,e;epiyapy; ,dk;> kjk;> murpay; ghy; NtWghLfs; fUj;Jf;fs;> mgpg;gpuhaq;fs;> Njrpa> r%f tplaq;fs; vd;gtw;iw ifahStjpy; eLepiyahd NeHikahd Nghf;if ClftpayhsHfs; filg;gpbf;fNtz;Lk;.

8. njhopy; hPjpahd ngUk; jtWfs; ClftpayhsHfs; fUjNtz;Lk;. tp\kj;jdkhd jtwhd tpsf;fkspj;jy;> jfty;fs;> Mjhukw;w Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs;> %bkiwj;jy;.

vd

fPo;tUtdtw;iw

ngha;ahd> mtJ}whf

Mjhukw;w vOJjy;>

9. xOf;ftpjpKiwfs; midj;ijAk; ClftpayhsHfs; NeHikahd Kiwapy; filg;gpbf;fNtz;Lk;. murhq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; VidNahuJ jiyaPLfis jtpHf;Fk; mNjrkak;> xt;nthU ehl;bdJ nghJr;rl;lq;fisAk; ClftpayhsHfs; mwpe;J mtw;Wf;F kjpg;gspf;fNtz;Lk;.

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gpw;NrHf;if 6

,yq;if gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOTf;F vt;thW Kiwg;ghnlhd;iwr; nra;tJ? tpjpKiwfSk; KiwapLjYf;fhd eilKiwfSk; 1. ,yq;ifapYs;s xU gj;jphpif my;yJ xU rQ;rpifapy; ntspahd xU nra;jp> fl;Liu> Gifg;glk; my;yJ tiuglk; vd;gtw;wpdhy; jhd; kpfTk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sij xUtH epahakhf czUthNuahdhy; mJgw;wp gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtplk; KiwaplKbAk;.

2. Kiwg;ghl;lhsH jdJ Kiwg;ghl;il vOj;Jtbtpy; Kiwg;ghl;bw;fhd tpz;zg;gj;jpy; vOjp> mjpy; Kiwahff; ifnahg;gkpl;L mjid NeubahfNth> gjpTj;jghypNyh> kpd; mQ;ry; my;yJ NtW ,yj;jpudpay; khHf;fkhfNth gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtplk; ifaspf;fKbAk;.

3. jdJ Kiwg;ghl;Lld;> jd;id kpfTk; ghjpj;jjhf njhptpj;j gj;jphpifj; jftypd; gpujpiaAk; Kiwg;ghl;Lf;fhuH ,izf;fKbAk; . kpd;mQ;ry; my;yJ NtW ,yj;jpudpay; khHf;fkhf jkJ Kiwg;ghl;il Kiwahff; ifnahg;gkpl;L> jk;ikg;ghjpj;j tplaj;jpd; gpujpiaAk; mjNdhbidj;J gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FO mYtyfj;jpy; VO Ntiy ehl;fSf;Fs; mDg;gpitf;fNtz;Lk;.

4. Kiwg;ghL Kiwahd tpjj;jpy; fpilf;fg;ngw;wJk; gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpd; gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhp mJgw;wpg; ghprPypg;ghH. jk;kplk; fpilf;fg;ngw;w gj;jphpifapy; ntspahd nra;jpj;jfty; ,yq;if gj;jphpif MrphpaH Fohj;jpd; njhopy; newptpjpKiwfis kPwpapUe;jhy; kl;LNk mJFwpj;J nraypy; ,wq;FthH. ,yq;if gj;jphpif epWtdk;> gj;jphpif MrphpaH Fohk; vd;gtw;wpdhy; jw;fhypfkhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lNj njhopy; newptpjpKiwahFk;.

5. gj;jphpifr;nra;jpnahd;W ntspahfp ,U tUlq;fspd; gpd;dH mJgw;wpa Kiwg;ghnlhd;W fpilf;Fkhdhy; mjid gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpd; gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhp Vw;Wf;nfhs;skhl;lhH. 6. Kiwg;ghL Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJk; gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhp xU Ntiy ehSf;Fs; Kiwg;ghl;bd; gpujpia Fwpj;j Kiwg;ghl;Lf;Fhpa gj;jphpifapd; my;yJ rQ;rpifapd; MrphpaUf;F mDg;gpitg;ghH. mj;Jld; mk;Kiwg;ghL Fwpj;j gjpiyAk; Fwpj;j gj;jphpif MrphpahplkpUe;J %d;W Ntiy ehl;fSf;Fs; mDg;gpitf;Fk;gb NfhUthH.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| xiii

7. Fwpf;fg;gl;l jpfjpf;Fs; gj;jphpif my;yJ rQ;rpifapd; MrphpaH gjpy; mDg;gp itf;fhjtplj;J> gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;Lf;FOTf;F Nkw;gb Kiwg;ghL eLtHfspd; ghprPyidf;F rkHg;gpf;fg;gLk;. ,y;iyNay; MrphpaH my;yJ mtH rhHghf xUtH gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhpf;F gjpyspf;f fhy mtfhrj;ijf; NfhUk; gl;rj;jpy; mf;Nfhhpf;if epahakhdjhapd; Nkyjpf fhy mtfhrk; gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhpapdhy; toq;fg;glKbAk;.

8.

Kiwg;ghL fpilf;fg;ngw;wJk; ,Uthuq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj fhyg;gFjpapy; gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhp rHr;irf;Fhpa jug;gpdiu ,zf;fg;ghlhd KiwapYk;> rkurkhfTk; mtHfSf;fpilNaahd gpzf;ifj; jPHf;f rfy Kaw;rpfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;thH. mr;rkurKaw;rp vd;gJ xU jpUj;jj;ij my;yJ kdpg;Gf;Nfhuiy Ntz;LtjhfTk; mikAk;. ,Jjtpu gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhp ,zf;fnkhd;iwj; Njhw;Wtpg;gjw;fhf gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FO cWg;gpdH xUthpd; NritiaAk; ehLthH. 9. gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpd; newpg;gLj;jypd;gb ,zf;fk; fhzg;gl;L jpUj;jk;> kd;dpg;Gf;Nfhuy; my;yJ jtiwj; jpUj;Jtjw;fhd gjpy; gpur;rpidf;Fs;shd gj;jphpif my;yJ rQ;rpifapy; gpuRukhfpapUe;jhy;> mg;gpuRuj;jpy; gpur;rpidf;Fhpa ,zf;fg;ghL gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FO Kd;ghfNt vl;lg;gl;ljhf Fwpg;gplg;glNtz;Lk;.

10. ,zf;fg;ghL kj;jpa];jk; vd;git %ykhf xU jPHT vl;lg;glhj gl;rj;jpy;> jPHT Vw;glhj ehspypUe;J ,Uthufhyj;Jf;Fs; gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FO eLepiyahsH %ykhf ,zf;fg;ghl;il my;yJ kj;jpa];j;j Kaw;rpia Kd;ndLf;Fk;.

11. gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhp jk;khy; Vw;fg;gl;l ve;jnthU Kiwg;ghl;ilAk; gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpd; fTd;]pYf;F kj;jpa];j;jnkhd;iw Kiwg;ghl;lhsH eyd;fUjpajhfTk;> nghJeyd; kw;Wk; gj;jphpifj;Jiw eyd; fUjpajhfTk;; rkHg;gpf;f KbAk;.

12. fl;rpf;fhuHfs; ,yq;if gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FO fTd;]py; cWg;gpdHfs; kj;jpa];j;jj;Jf;F Vw;ghlhtJ gw;wp Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;batHfshfpd;wdH. ,yq;if gj;jphpifKiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FO 13. kj;jpa];j rigf;fhd ,Uf;fNtz;ba mNjrkak; rhuhNjhuhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

cWg;gpdHfsJ vz;zpf;if %d;whf ,jpy; nghUk;ghyhNdhH Clfj;Jiw

14. ,k;kj;jpa];j;j rigapy; ,Uf;Fk; cWg;gpdHfspy; vtuhtJ gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOTf;Ff; fpilj;j tprhuizf;Fhpa Kiwg;ghl;Lld; rk;ge;jg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; mtH mk;kj;jpa];j;j rigapy; ,lk;ngw KbahJ .

xiv | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

Mjhuk; 15. eLtH rigapd; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f> fl;rpf;fhuHfs; jkJ Mjhuq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLtNjhL> jhk; vjid ep&gpf;f Kay;fpd;wdH vd;gijAk; njhptpf;fNtz;Lk;.

16. eLtH rigapd; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb fl;rpf;fhuHfs; jkJ Mjhuq;fis MtzkhfTk; rkHg;gpf;fKbAk;.

17. rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;lit NeHj;jpahf ,Ug;gjhf eLtH rig fUJk; gl;rj;jpy; vOj;J %ykhd thf;F%yj;ij mr;rig NfhUk;.

18 . rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;l Mjhuq;fs; nghUj;jkw;wit my;yJ mehtrpakhdit vd eLtHrig mtw;iw Vw;f kWj;J ep&gpf;fg;glf;$batw;iw ,yFthf NtWtifapy; rkHg;gpf;f KbAnkdTk; vjpHghHf;fyhk;.

19. gpzf;fpy; ,Uf;fpd;w fl;rpf;fhuH rkHg;gpj;j midj;J mwpf;iffSk; tphpthdjhf gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpd; tpjpKiwfis mDrhpj;jjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;Nw eLtH rig vjpHghHf;fpd;wJ. Njitahd tpjj;jpy; midj;Jk; rkHg;gpf;fg;glhj gl;rj;jpy;> tof;fpid js;Sgb nra;JtplTk; KbAk; . mNjNtis rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;l midj;J Mjhuq;fSk; Ntz;lg;gl;l tpjpKiwfSf;Fs; mikahtpl;lhYk; > eLtH rig nraw;ghLfs; njhlHe;J ,lk;ngWtij jLj;Jtplg;Nghtjpy;iy.

20. fl;rpf;fhuHfs; ,zq;fhj gl;rj;jpy; xU Fwpj;j tplak; njhlHghf mgpg;gpuhaj;ij ntspapl epGzH xUtiu eLtH rig epakpf;fKbAk;.

21. tprhuizfspy; xU fl;rp gq;Fngwj; jtWk; gl;rj;jpy; my;yJ cj;junthd;Wf;F cld;glhjtplj;jpy; my;yJ gq;Fgw;whikf;fhd rhpahd fhuzj;ij njhptpf;fhj gl;rj;jpy; eLtHrig eltbf;iffs; jilg;glkhl;lhJ. mj;Jld; mJ ntspg;gLj;Jk; jPHg;Gk; epWj;jg;glkhl;lhJ. 22. eLepiyahsH gw;wp gpzf;fpw;Fs;shfpAs;s fl;rpf;fhuHfs; vOj;Jtbtpy; Ntnwe;j epthuzj;ijAk; toq;FtJ gw;wp jpl;ltl;lkhf Muhahjtplj;J eLepiyahshpd; epthuzk; toq;Fk; mjpfhuk; ve;jnthU epaharig nray;KiwfspYk; xU fl;rpahd gpzf;Ff;Fhpa gpuRuj;Jf;F kd;dpg;ig my;yJ gjpiy my;yJ jpUj;jj;ij Clfk; thapyhf toq;fr; nra;tjpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

23. gpzf;F rk;ge;jg;gl;l epthuzk; NfhUk; mwpf;if rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;l jpfjpapypUe;J xU khjj;Jf;Fk; Fiwthd fhyg;gFjpapy; eLepiyahshpd; jPHg;G toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iyNay; mJgw;wpa jPHkhdk; fTd;]pypdhy; vLf;fg;gLk;.

24. ,zf;fg;ghnlhd;W vl;lg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy;> fl;rpf;fhuHfspd; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f mt; ,zf;fg;ghl;il fTd;]py; cWjpnra;Ak;.

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| xv

25. kpf mtjhdkhf midj;J mk;rq;fisAk; Muha;e;jwpe;j gpd;dUk;> eLtH rig mg;gpzf;Fg;gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ij toq;fpa gpd;dUNk jPHg;G toq;fg;gLk;.

26. mNjrkak; eLtH epahahjpf;f rigahf fTd;]py; mkHe;J nfhs;Sk; gl;rj;jpy; me;epahahjpf;frigapd; ngUk;ghd;ik mgpg;gpuhak; epiyngWk;.

27. gpzf;nfhd;wpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l NtnwhU tplaj;ij xU fl;rp Ntwhdjhf Muha tpUk;gpdhy; mjw;Fhpa KbT gpwpnjhU jPHg;ghf toq;fg;gLk;. VjhtJ xU fl;rp Ml;Nrgpj;jhy;> tpjptpyf;fhd fhuzq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;W eLtH epahahjpf;;frig jPHkhdpf;Fk; gl;rj;jpNyNa mj;jifa jPHg;g toq;fg;gLk;.

28. fl;rpnahd;W xU gFjpahf Nfhhpf;if xd;iw mDkjpj;jhy; eLtH epahahjpf;frig Ntwhd jPHg;nghd;iw Fwpj;j fl;rp tpLj;j Nfhhpf;if njhlHghf toq;Fk;.

29. eLtH rig cs;s ,lj;jpNyNa jPHg;G toq;fg;gLk;. cj;juitAk;> my;yJ gpufldj;ij cs;slf;fpajhf mit gw;wpa fhuzq;fNshL> eLthpdhy; my;yJ midj;J eLtHfshYk; xg;gkplg;gl;ljhf jPHg;G mike;jpUf;Fk;. xU eLthpd; xg;gkpy;yhj ,lj;jpy; $l jPHg;G toq;fg;glKbAk;. ngUk;ghd;ikahd eLtHfs; xg;gkpLk; gl;rj;jpy; ,J rhj;jpakhFk; . mNjrkak; eLtH xUthpd; xg;gk; ,lk;ngwhjpUg;gjw;fhd fhuzKk; tpsf;fKk; toq;fg;gl;bUj;jYk; mtrpakhFk;.

30. nraw;ghLfs; midj;ijAk; KbTf;Ff; nfhz;Lte;j gpd;dH Mizf;FOtplk; midj;Jk; rkHg;gpf;fg;gL;k;. xt;nthU jPHg;gpd; gpujpAk;> midj;J nraw;ghLfSk; ,jpy; mlq;Ftjhf ,Uf;Fk;. jpUj;jk; my;yJ jPHg;ig khw;Wjy; 31 . ntspg;gilahd jtW fzpg;gPl;by; ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jhy; my;yJ jPHg;gpy; fhzg;glf;$ba NtW mYtyf hPjpahd gpiofs; ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; eLtH epahahjpf;f rigapdhy; mf;FiwghLfs; jpUj;jg;glKbAk; .

32. fl;rpnahd;W Nfl;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; jPHg;G fpilf;fg;ngw;w Kg;gJ (30) ehl;fSf;Fs;> eLtH epahahjpf;frig jPHg;gpy; jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;bUf;fg;glNtz;ba> Mdhy; jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;buhj Nfs;tpnahd;W gw;wp jPHkhdpf;Fk;.

33. fl;rpnahd;W Nfl;Lf;nfhs;Sk; gl;rj;jpy; jPHg;nghd;W fpilf;fg;ngw;W Kg;gJ (30) jpdq;fSf;Fs;> eLtH epahahjpf;frig vOj;Jtbtj;jpy; tpahf;fpahdnkhd;iw toq;Fk;.

xvi | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

34. ,j;jifa eltbf;if eLtH epahahjpf;frig vLf;fKd;dH> fl;rpf;fhuHfs; jkJ mgpg;gpuhaq;fis toq;f re;jHg;gk; toq;fg;gly;Ntz;Lk;. mKy;gLj;jy; 35. ,zf;fg;ghL> kj;jpa];jk; my;yJ epahahjpf;f rigapdhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l tplaq;fSf;fikthf gjpg;ghsH elf;fj;jtWk; gl;rj;jpy; > Nky; ePjpkd;wpy; epahahjpf;f rl;l ,y : 11 - 1995 f;Fmikthf ,zf;fg;ghl;by; Vw;Wf;nfhz;l epge;jidfis mKyhf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltiu tof;Fj;jhf;fy; nra;ar; nra;tjpy; fTd;]py; xj;Jiof;Fk;.

36. Nky; ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F tpz;zg;gpj;j gpd;dH xU tUlj;jpDs; epahahjpf;frig jPHg;G> mJ toq;fg;gl;L gjpdhd;F (14) jpdq;fs; Kbtile;j gpd;dH epahahjpf;frig rl;l ,y : 11 1995 f;F mikthf mKyhf;fKbAk;.

37. ,jd; gpd;dH ,yq;ifg; gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FO fTd;]pypd; jPHg;ghdJ KOikahf rk;ge;jg;gl;l gj;jphpif my;yJ rQ;rpifapdhy; $batpiutpy; gjpg;gpf;fKbAk;.

38. ,yq;ifg; gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FO fTd;]pypd; mj;jPHg;ghdJ epahahjpf;frig rl;l ,y: 11 1995 ,y; Fwpg;gpl;ljw;fikthf epahahjpf;f rig jPHg;gpw;Fr; rkkhdjhFk;. mj;Jld; mr;rl;l%yj;jpd; eilKiwfs;> kugpay; mZFKiwfs;> Fwpj;j jPHg;gpid mKyhf;Ftjpy; Ntz;lg;gLk;.

39. gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhpapd; my;yJ ,yq;if gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;Lf; fTd;]pypd; jPH;g;ghdJ midj;J eilKiwfs; njhlh;gpYk; ,WjpAk;> KbTkhdjhFk;. ,J Fwpj;J ePjpkd;wpy; toq;;fhl KbahJ. 40. ,zf;fg;ghL> kj;jpa];jk; kw;Wk; epahahjpf;frig eilKiwfs; Fwpj;j midj;J Kiwg;ghLfs;> jPHkhdq;fs; vd;git gw;wpa mwpf;iffis gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhp nfhz;bUg;ghH. ,it Mizf;FOtpd; tUlhe;j mwpf;ifapy; nghJkf;fspd; mtjhdj;Jf;fhf ntspaplg;gLk;.

41. 2003 Mk; Mz;L mf;NlhgH khjk; 15 Mk; jpfjpf;Fg; gpd;dH gpuRukhd gj;jphpif my;yJ rQ;rpif njhlHgpy; ,e;j eilKiw Vw;GilajhFk;. ,yq;if gj;jphpif Mrpupah;fs; Fohj;jpd; ,yq;if gj;jphpif epWtdj;jpdhy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;l njhopy;rhH newpf;Nfhit.

42. ,yq;if gj;jphpif epWtdj;jpdhYk;> ,yq;if gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpdhYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l gj;jphpifahrphpaH Fohj;jpd; xOf;ff;Nfhit tpahf;fpahdk; fPo;tUk; tpjpKiwfis nray;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mjpfhuj;ij fTd;]pYf;F toq;Ftjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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,yq;if gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpd; Ngr;rhsH 43. ,yq;if gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpd; jiytNu me;epWtdj;jpd; rfy nfhs;if tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghf Ngr;rhsuhf ,Ug;ghH. my;yJ Mizf;FOr;rigapd; mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpdH xUtH mr;rig rhHghf ,Uf;fKbAk;.

44. gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhpNa midj;J Kiwg;ghLfisAk; Vw;gJld; jPHkhdq;fisAk; vLg;ghH. mtrpaNkw;gbd; fTd;]py; jiythplk; gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhp MNyhrid ngwKbAk;.

MapDk; vr;re;jHg;gj;jpYk; elj;jg;gLfpd;w tprhuizfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; gj;jphpiffs; ,yj;jpudpay; Clfk; > my;yJ nghJkf;fsplk; ntspaplg;glkhl;lhJ. fTd;]pypd; eLtHrigj; jPHg;Ngh my;yJ tpahf;fpahdq;fNsh fTd;]pypd; jiytH my;yJ eLtH rigAld; fye;jhNyhrpf;fg;gl;l gpd;dNu gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhpapdhy; ntspg;gLj;jKbAk;.

45. ,yq;ifg; gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpd; ve;jnthU mYtyUk; Mizf;FOtpd; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp gj;jphpiffspy; vOjNth my;yJ ,yj;jpudpay; Clfj;jpy; fUj;Jf;$wNth tpUk;gpdhy; Kd;Ndw;ghlhf vOj;Jtbtpy; gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhpapd; rk;kjj;ijg; ngwNtz;Lk;. vg;gbapUe;jNghjpYk; mj;jifa XH mYtyH rig cWg;gpdHfSf;Nf chpikAila nfhs;if tplaq;fs; gw;wpf; fUj;Jf;$w mDkjpf;fg;glkhl;lhH. 46. gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhpapdhy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;w midj;J nra;jp mwpf;iffSk; ,yq;if gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FOtpd; jiytuJ Kd; mDkjpiag; ngw;W tprhuizfspd; tpguq;fis ntspaplhjpUg;gij cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

47. ,e;j eilKiwfs; tUle;NjhWk; kPsha;T nra;ag;gLtNjhL Njitg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy;> mtrpakhdjhapd; ,k;kPsha;T ,af;FeH xOq;fikg;G fTd;]pyplKk; ,yq;if gj;jphpif Kiwg;ghl;L Mizf;FO ,af;FeHfsplKk; cWjp nra;ag;gLtjw;fhfTk; mKyhf;fg;gLtjw;fhfTk; gpujk epiwNtw;W mjpfhhpapdhy; rkHg;gpf;fg;gLk;.

xviii | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

gpw;NrHf;if 7

Press Complaints Commission of Sri Lanka Complaint Form

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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gpw;NrHf;if 8

cjLfis ,yFgLj;jy; Ngl;bfhZk; fiy vhpf; ey;lhH - rpahl;ly; ilk;]; mikg;G Ma;T: Muha;e;jwpe;j jfty;fNshL Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfNs rpwe;j Nfs;tpfshFk;. Ngl;b fhz Ie;J kzpj;jpahyq;fs; my;yJ Ie;J jpdq;fs; mtfhrkpUe;j NghjpYk;> Vw;fdNt ntspahd jfty;fs;> ePjpkd;w mwpf;iffs; vd;git %ykhf Ngl;bf;Fhpathplk; ey;y jfty;fisg; ngWk; tpjj;jpy; Ngl;b fhz;gtH jd;id jahH nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cj;jpfs;: Ngl;bfhz;gjw;fhd cj;jpfNshL xU jpl;lj;ij tbtikj;J mjid cq;fsJ ez;gH my;yJ rfhTld; fye;jhNyhrpf;fTk;. ehd; vijg;gw;wp vOJfpNwNdh> mjw;F mikthd eltbf;iffspy; <LgLNthiuNa Ngl;b fhz;Ngd;. jtWfs; gw;wpa jfty;fisj; jUgtHfs; kw;Wk; ,Wf;fkhd egHfis ,Uf;Fkplj;jpypUe;jthW njhlHG nfhs;sKbAk;. gjl;lkilAk; Ngl;bf;Fhpa egH xUtiu rhe;jg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; mtNuhL mikjpahf ele;jthW NgrKbAk;. czT tpUe;jspf;Fk;NghJ xUtiu RkhH xU kzpNeuk; tiu Ngritf;fKbAk;.

Vw;ghL: Ngrg;glNtz;ba tplak;> Nfl;fg;glNtz;ba Nfs;tpfs; vd;gtw;iw cq;fsJ Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfj;jpy; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;tjd; %yk; Ngl;bapd;NghJ Fog;gkpd;wp ,Uf;fKbAk;. nkd;ikahd Nfs;tpfSld; Nfs;tpfis Muk;gpf;fTk;. tho;f;ifg; gpd;dzp gw;wp Ngr;ir Muk;gpf;fyhk;. MapDk; Ngl;bapd; midj;J mk;rq;fisAk; cs;slf;Fk; tphpthd Nfs;tpfis jahH nra;aTk;. ,jd;%yk; tpil jug;glhj ,Wf;fkhd epiyAk; Vw;glyhk;. cs;shHe;j Ngl;b: fhiyg;nghOjpy; cq;fisj; jahHgLj;Jk;NghJ ePq;fs; Fspf;Fk;NghJ $l ntw;wpfukhd Ngl;b gw;wp fw;gid nra;Aq;fs;. Ngl;bNah my;yJ jfty;fNsh fpilf;fkhl;lhnjdf; fUJk; nra;jpahsHfs; Njhy;tpaile;J tpLfpd;wdH. jdf;Fj;jhNd NgRtij jtpHf;ff;$lhJ. ,jdhy; gadilaKbAk;.

xx | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

Muk;gk;: cs;shHe;j Ngl;bapd; El;gq;fs; njhlHfpd;wd. Ngl;bf;FhpatH Fog;gkhd epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mtiu mZf Ntz;lhk;. mg;ghtpj;jdkhfTk; rpNefg+HtkhfTk; mr;rkw;wtuhf MHtj;NjhL ,Ug;gtuhf fhl;rpaspAq;fs;. ePq;fs; fLfLg;ghd > jtwhd Kiwfspy; Ngr;Rf;nfhLf;Fk; nra;jpahsuhdhy; cq;fSf;F ebg;Gf;fiyapy; gapw;rpAk; Njit. tplaq;fspy; mtjhdkhf ,Uf;fTk;. ePq;fs; Ngl;bia elj;Jk; miwg;gFjpia Nehl;lkpLq;fs;. RtHfisAk;> Nkirapd; kPJs;s nghUl;fs;> Fwpg;Gfs; kPJk; ftdj;ijr; nrYj;Jq;fs;. ePq;fs; mtjhdpg;git gw;wp Fwpg;ngLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

NtWnra;jp %yq;fisAk; NjLq;fs;: Ngl;b jUgthpd; nrayhsH> rf CopaHfs; MfpNahiur; re;jpAq;fs;. mtHfs; gw;wpa tpguq;fisAk; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,tHfis ePq;fs; nra;jp%yq;fshff; ifahSk; tplaj;jpy; NrHf;fKbAk;.

kWj;J tpLgtHfs; njhlHe;J Kaw;rpf;fTk;: xUtH cq;fis re;jpf;f kWf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> nghJthd xU tplaj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; mtiu mZf Kaw;rpf;fTk;.

‘Mk;> cq;fsplk; xU eha; ,Ug;gij mtjhdpj;Njd;. vd;dplKk; mNj ,d eha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,it mg+Htkhd ,dj;jit” ,t;thW Ngr;ir Muk;gpj;J kWKidapy; ,Ug;gtiu ,yFgLj;jpf;nfhz;lJk;> "ehd; ve;jnthU tplaj;ij ifahSfpNwd; vd;gij tpsf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;. mjid ePq;fs; mwpe;jpUf;fNtz;Lk; "vd;W Ngr;NrhL Ngr;rhf Fwpg;gplyhk;. ehd; vjidr; nra;fpNwd; vd;W $wpaJk; nghJthfNt mtHfs; fUj;Jf;$w Kd;tUthHfs;. xU jlit vjpHghuhjtpjkhf jtwhd jfty; xd;iwg;gw;wp Fwpg;gpl;Nld;. mg;NghJ nghyp];fhuH xUtH mwpf;if xd;iw vLj;J fhz;gpj;J ehd; jtwhdijNa njhptpj;Js;Nsd; vd;gijNa Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH. ePq;fs; tpiuthfTk;> jathfTk;> khpahijNahLk; ,J tplaj;jpy; ele;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. ,J xU nghpa tplaky;y: 'vd;dhy; fUj;Jf;$w KbahJ” vdj;njhptpf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; “ePq;fs; ftiyg;glNtz;bajpy;iy." ,t;tplak; gw;wp gyhplk; fUj;Jf;Nfl;Ls;Nsd;. mjpy; ePq;fSk; xUtH. ,JnthU nghpa tplaky;y. ,Jjhd; ehd; mwpe;Jnfhz;lJ. vdNt ,ijg;gw;wp rw;Wg;NgRNthk; “ vdf;$wp cWjpg;gLj;jNtz;ba tplak;gw;wp Ngr;ir nkJthf Muk;gpf;fyhk;. mtHfs; ehk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w tplak;gw;wpg; NgrKw;gLk;NghJ mtHfSld; mJgw;wp tpthjpg;gij jtpHf;fTk;. mj;jifa tpthjj;jpy; ePq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; Njhy;tpailayhk;. vdNt $batiu Ngr;irj;njhlHe;J vkf;F Ntz;batiu topf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rpf;fTk;. mDjhgk;: 'vdf;Ff; fUj;Jf; $wg; gakhf ,Uf;fpwJ" vdf; $Wk;NghJ rw;W mDjhgj;Jld; mZf Kaw;rpf;fTk;. mj;Jld; mthplk; cWjpg;ghl;il Vw;gLj;jTk;. 'cq;fs; gpur;rpidia ehd; mwpNtd;. cq;fSila epWtdj;Jf;F ,JNthH fbdkhd fhyk;.

MapDk; ,g;gbahd jUzq;fspy; gyH vd;NdhL NgrpAs;shHfs;. ,jpy; cq;fNshL gzpahw;WNthUk; mlq;FtH. rpytw;iw kl;LNk

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cq;fsplkpUe;J mwpatpUk;Gfpnwd;. mit vdf;Fg; ngUk; cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.” vd;W $wp mtHfsJ fUj;Jf;fSf;Fk; kjpg;gspj;J vkJ nra;jpapd; Kf;fpa tplaj;ij mwpAk; tpjj;jpy; ele;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

mur mjpfhhp my;yJ NtW ngUk; Gs;sp : "fUj;Jf;$w tpUk;gtpy;iy” vd;W njhptpf;Fk; xU Kf;fpa eghplk;> "fUj;Jf;$w tpUk;gtpy;iy” vd;W ePq;fs; Fwpg;gpLtij ,r;nra;jpapy; ehd; vOj tpUk;gtpy;iy. Vnddpy; ePq;fs; vijNah kiwf;f Kay;tjhf thrfHfs; epidg;ghHfs;. vdNt ,Jgw;wp ehk; NgRNthk;. Fwpg;ghf ,ijg;gw;wpf; $Wq;fs; ........... vd;W njhptpf;fKbAk;. fjT ,y 1 my;yJ 2 : fUj;Jf;$w kWf;Fk; murmjpfhhp my;yJ xU Kf;fpa Gs;spia ,U tiffspy; mZfKbAk;. ehd; mthplk; $WtJ ',NjhghUq;fs; vd;dplk; ePq;fs; fUj;Jf;$wg;NghfpwPHfNsh> ,y;iyNah ehd; vdJ nra;jpia vOjTs;Nsd;. mg;NghJ ePq;fs; vd;NdhL xj;Jiof;ftpy;iy vd;W mr;nra;jpapy; epahakhf Fwpg;gpLNtd; my;yJ ePq;fs; $Wk; fUj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpa epahakhd nra;jpia vd;dhy; vOjKbAk;. ePq;fs; ,jpy; vij tpUk;GfpwPHfs;?" mr;rkak; mtHfs; ,uz;lhtJ mZFKiwiaNa Vw;Wf;nfhs;thHfs;. khw;Wtop: xUtH Ngr Kd;tuhtpl;lhy; mtNuhL gzpahw;Wk; VidNahhplk; nrd;W Ngrpg; ghHf;fKbAk; . ,jd;%yk; NkYk; jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. mj;Jld; gzpiaAk; ,yFgLj;jyhk; .

Rw;wptisg;G: ''gpd;dzp" gw;wp Ngl;bf;FhpatH NgRtij typAWj;Jk; gl;rj;jpy; mit gw;wp Fwpg;ngLf;fTk;. Ngl;bapd; Kbtpy; mtH Fwpg;gpl;ltw;wpy; xU ghjpg;gpy;yhj tplaj;ij vLj;J> ,Jgw;wp ePq;fs; vd;d $WfpwPHfs; ? ,ij Vd; ePq;fs; mwpf;ifaplj;juf;$lhJ ? vdf; Nfl;f KbAk;. vdNt mjid mwpf;ifapl mtHfs; rk;kjpj;jhy;> kw;nwhU ey;ytplaj;ij vLj;Jf;$wp Mk; ePq;fs; Kd;idaij mwpf;ifaplr; rk;kjpj;jhy;> ,jidAk; Vd; mDkjp;f;f KbahJ ? vdf; Nfl;fKbAk;. ,t;thW midj;Jtplaq;fisAk; ehd; Fwpg;ngLj;Jf;nfhz;Nld; .Ngl;bf;FhpatH jd;id mehkNjakhf itj;Jf;nfhs;s tpUk;gpdhy; mjw;Fk; ehk; kjpg;gspf;fNtz;Lk;. mehkNjak;: "gpd;dzp” gw;wpa jfty;fis tpl;Lf;nfhLg;gpd;wpg; ngw Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Ngl;bf;Fhpathplk; gy jlitfs; nry;y Nehpl;lhYk;> mtHfs; $Wgit mwpf;ifapy; ,lk;ngWtij typAWj;jTk;.

(Fwpg;gplg;gl tpUk;ghj jfty;fs; gadw;wit. vj;jUzj;jpYk; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;j Kbahjikahy; mtw;iwj; jtpHj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;). njspT: rpy jfty;fspd; xU gjpiy kl;LNk rpyH jUthHfs;.

Vidatw;iw kiwj;JtpLthHfs;. ePq;fSk; xU jftiy rpy rkaq;fspy; KOikapy;yhJ> mjd; xU gFjpia kl;LNk ngwKbAk;. mr;rkak; Ngl;b jUgthplk; ‘ePq;fs; Vw;fdNt ,Jgw;wpf; $wptpl;BHfs; (my;yJ vdf;F ,Jgw;wpnjhpAk; vdf;$wyhk;.) vdNt ePq;fs; $wpajd; kpFjpiaAk; $Wq;fs;. ePq;fs; ehd; jtwhf Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$lhJ vd;W fUJfpwPHfs; vdf;$wp> cq;fs; Fwpg;gpy; ,Uf;fpd;w xU tplaj;ijf;fhl;b ,Jgw;wp vd;d $WfpwPHfs; ? vdf; Nfl;fyhk;. xxii | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

njhpe;J nfhz;lijg; Nghy elf;fTk;: Fwpj;j nraiyr; nra;jthplk;> mjid Vd; nra;jjhf Nfl;fhky;> Vd; mtiu Ntiy ePf;fQ; nra;jPHfs; vdf; Nfl;fyhk;. cWjpg;gLj;jhtpl;lhYk; mr;rk;gtk; gw;wp cq;fSf;F njhpAk; vd;gij mf;Nfs;tp ntspg;gLj;Jk;. mg;NghJ mJtplaj;ij kWg;gijtpl mJgw;wp mtHfs; tpsf;fkspf;f Kd;tUthHfs;.

Rje;jpur;rpiy tpisahl;L: ePq;fs; $WtJ cq;fsJ ngaNuhL ntspg;gl;lhy; mjid kf;fs; nghpJk; ek;GthHfs; vd;gij typAWj;jTk;. ,JNthH mnkhpf;f topKiw. cWjpahd xU nghJ tpthjkhFk;. cjtpaw;w nra;jpahsH: Ngl;b jUgthpd; cjtpiaf; NfhUtjpy; ghjpg;gpy;iy. ‘ePq;fs; tpsf;fkspf;fhtpl;lhy; NtWahH ,Jgw;wp vdf;F $wg;NghfpwhHfs; ? vdf; $wyhk;. kPs Kaw;rpf;fTk;: cq;fis re;jpf;f kWj;jhy; XhpU jpdq;fspd; gpd;dH kPsTk; Kaw;rpf;fTk;. mtHfs; jkJ kdij khw;wpf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

midj;J tplaq;fisAk; Nrfhpj;jy; epfo;Tfspd; gl;bay;: jftiyj; jUgthplkpUe;J nra;jpia xOq;fhf epfo;Tfspd; thpirg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhf Nrfhpf;fTk;. ,jd;%yk; $wg;gLk; fijia ePq;fs; ed;F mwpaKbAk;. mj;Jld; Neu ml;ltizapYk;> jj;JthHj;j hPjpahfTk; ,ilntspfis ePq;fs; fz;Lnfhs;syhk;.

Vd; - vg;gb: Kf;fpakhd jftiy xUtH njhptpj;jhy; 'cq;fSf;F vg;gb mjidj;njhpAk;? vd;w gpujhd Nfs;tpia vOg;gTk;. ,f;Nfs;tp ek;gfj;jd;ik gw;wpa njspit Vw;gLj;JfpwJ . mj;Jld; NkYk; tplaq;fSf;F ,lkspf;fpd;wJ. vd;d nra;fpwPHfs; vd;W ntWkNd Nfl;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf Vd; nra;fpwPHfs;? vd;d nra;fpwPHfs;? vdf;Nfl;fyhk;. nkJthfr; nry;yy;: xU fijapd; Kf;fpakhd fl;lj;ij mZFk;NghJ> nkJthfr; nry;yTk;. mg;NghJ mf;fijia tz;z kakhdjhf;f KbAk;. vq;Nf epd;whHfs;? vd;d nra;Jnfhz;bUe;jhHfs;? vij mzpe;J nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;? ntg;gepiy vd;d? mtHfisr; #otu epytpa XirahJ? vdf;Nfl;fTk;. mjd;gpd;dH epfo;fhyj;jpy; Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;fTk;. ,g;Ngh vd;d nra;fpwPHfs;? cq;fs; ez;gH $WtJ vd;d ? ,jd; gpd;dH epfo;tpd; fhl;rpf;Fs; Ngl;b jUgtUk;> ePq;fSk; kPsg;gpuNtrpj;J xd;whf mt;tplaj;ij Nehf;fp efuKbAk;. ,J KbahJ Nghdhy; mtHfsplk; nrhy;yTk;. ,J gadspf;ftpy;iy. ‘ehd; Kaw;rpf;fpNwd;. Mdhy; mJgw;wp kdjpy; epWj;jKbahJs;sJ. mJ vg;gb ,Uf;Fnkd;W czHfpwPHfs;? ” vd;W $wpNa fijia Nrfhpf;fTk;> ,ijtpLj;J NeubahfNt jfty;fis ngw;Wtpl KbahJ. njhiyNgrp: njhiyNgrp %ykhf ciuahLk;NghJ> vk;NkhL ciuahLgthplk; mthpd; tPl;bd; cl;Gwr;#oiy tpghpf;ff;NfhuTk;.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| xxiii

(xUtuJ tPl;Lr;Rthpy; fhzg;gl;l myq;fhug; nghUs; xd;W gw;wpf;Nfl;lNghJ mJgw;wpa tpguk; vdJ jftypy; xU Kf;fpa jftyhfTk; mike;jpUe;jJ.) ciuahLgthplk; mtuJ fijia Kg;ghpkhzkhf Ritgl nkJthfr; nrhy;y itf;fTk;. nrtpkLj;jy;: ehk; Ngl;bnahd;wpd;NghJ epiwaNt NgRfpd;Nwhk;.

Mdhy; mt;thwpy;yhky; epiwaNt nrtpg;Gyd; %ykhf Nfl;f Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;Lk;. vkf;F Ngl;b jUgtiu ehk; epiwaNt Ngr mDkjpf;fNtz;Lk;. ehk; NgRtijf;Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk; . jpwe;j kdj;NjhL vt;tpj ghugl;rKk; ,d;wp nrhy;tijr; nrtpkLf;fTk;. rk;kjj;ijg;ngwy; : Ngl;bf;Fhpathplk; mtiu Mjhpg;Nghhpd; ngaHfisf; Nfl;fTk;. mjd; gpd;dH tpkHrpg;Nghhpd; ngaHfisf; Nfl;fTk;. mj;Jld; tpkHrpg;NghH nrhy;yg;NghtJ gw;wpAk; Nfl;fTk;. ,jd;%yk; rw;W fbdkhd - ,Wf;fkhd Nghf;if jsHj;jp Kf;fpakhd jfty;fis ngwKbAk;. mjd;gpd;dH mtH kPJ xOq;F eltbf;if Ntiyj;jsj;jpy; my;yJ ghlrhiyapy; vLf;fg;gl;ljh vd;gijAk;> mt;NtiyapypUe;J ePf;fg;gl;lhuh? vd;w Nfs;tpfNshL Fw;wnkhd;Wf;fhf jz;bf;fg;gl;lhuh> kJNghijapy; thfdk; nrYj;jpaikf;fhf ifjhdhuh? ePjpkd;wpy; epWj;jg;gl;lhuh? Nghd;wtw;iwf; Nfl;fTk;. ,it gw;wpa jfty;fs; mwpf;ifnahd;wpy; Vw;fdNt ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; ,it gw;wp ngha; $w Kd;tukhl;lhHfs;. ngha;NgRNthH : xUtH ngha;NgRfpwhH vd;wwpe;jhy; mtiuf;FWf;fplhky; ed;F NgrtplTk; . NtW mjpfkhd jfty;fis mthplk; Nfl;gijtpl> FWf;fPL vjidAk; nra;aNtz;lhk;. ngha;$WNthH tphpthf jfty;fis jUtJz;L. ,j;jifa epiy jkJ ek;gfj;jd;ikf;F VJthf ,Uf;Fnkd mtHfs; epidg;gJz;L . mtHfs; $Wtij nrtpkLj;Jf; Fwpg;ngLf;fTk; . mg;ngha;fs; ahTk; KOikahff; $wg;gl;l gpd;dH mtw;iw kPsha;T nra;J rhpahd jfty;fisNa Cfpj;jwpAk; tpjj;jpy; ele;Jnfhs;sTk;. ,Jtplaj;jpy; nghWik ,of;fyhfhJ. tho;f;ifg;gpd;dzp: Ngl;b fhz;gthpd; tho;f;ifg; gpd;dzpia mJ mtrpakw;wjhapDk; njhpe;Jnfhs;s Kw;glTk;. xU tof;Fg;gw;wp rl;lj;juzp xUtiuNah my;yJ murhq;f nfhs;ifgw;wp XU mur mjpfhhpia re;jpf;Fk;NghJ> mtHfsJ tho;f;ifg; gpd;dzp gw;wpAk; NeukpUe;jhy; ehd; mwpaKw;gLtJz;L. ,jd;%yk; gaDs;s jfty;fisg; ngWtNjhL mjd;%ykhf ey;y Nfs;tpfisAk; Nfl;fKbAk; .

NruhjpUj;jy;: jathf ele;Jnfhs;sTk;. MapDk; ePq;fs; Ngl;b fhz;gthpd; gf;fk; rhuhjpUf;fNtz;Lk;. rHr;irf;Fhpa fhq;fpu]; cWg;gpdH xUtH cq;fSld; Ngl;bapd;nghJ ed;F xj;Jiog;gJNghy Njhd;wyhk;. Mdhy; mtH $Wtij cs;thq;fp VkhwyhfhJ. 'ehd; me;egHfsplkpUe;J gzk; ngwNtz;Lnkd;W vz;ztpy;iy" vd;W mtH cq;fsplk; $wyhk;. Mdhy; ePq;fs; mthplk; gjpy; $Wk;NghJ 'mJ cz;ikahf ,Uf;fyhk;. ehd; Nfl;gnjd;dntdpy; gzk; ngWtJ gw;wpa vz;zkpy;iy vd;W ePq;fs; $WtJ gw;wpay;y. ePq;fs; me;eghplk; gzk; ngw;wPHfsh? vd;W kl;LNk Nfl;fpNwd;" vdf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. xxiv | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

kPsf;Nfl;fTk;: rpy rkaq;fspy; xNu tplaj;ij ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W jlitfSf;F Nky; xU eghplk; Nfl;gjd; %yk; gadila KbAk;. mur mjpfhhp xUtH thpnrYj;JNthhpd; nrytpy; gazq;fis Nkw;nfhz;lJ gw;wp ehd;F tpj;jpahrkhd Kuz;gl;l tpsf;fq;fisj; je;jpUe;jhH. kPsha;T: Ngl;bfz;ltHfis cq;fs; Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfj;NjhL kPs mZfTk;.

Fiwahf ,Uf;Fk; tplaq;fis mtHfs; epug;g Kd;tuyhk;. ,jdhy; cq;fSf;F Nkyjpf jfty;fs; fpilf;fKbAk;.

Gjpjhf Nfl;fTk;: xU fLikahd Nfs;tp kdjpy; Njhd;Wkhdhy;> mJ kpfj;jdpg;gl;ljhf ,Ue;jhYk; $l mjidf; Nfl;LtplTk;. rq;flkhd Nfs;tpfs; my;yJ rq;flkhd gjpy;fs; vd;W vJTkpy;iy. cq;fSila $Hikahd Nfs;tpfs; midj;J Nfhzq;fspYk; mike;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. Nfs;tpfSf;fhd tbfhyikj;J Nfs;tpfs; %ykhf Ngl;bf;Fhpatiu ePq;fs; topelj;jNtz;Lk; . xU $il epuk;g jfty;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gtiug;Nghy cq;fsJ Ngl;bf;Fhpatiuf; fUjp mf;$ilia ntWikahf;FtJNghy jfty;fis KOikahf vLf;fTk;.

NeHik: NtnwhUtiug;Nghy ghrhq;F nra;aNth my;yJ ngha;$wNth Ntz;lhk; . vt;tsTf;F vt;tsT ePq;fs; mZFk; fij gw;wpa tpguq;fis njhptpf;fpwPHfNsh mt;tsT Jhuk; cq;fsJ Ngl;bf;FhpatH cq;fSf;F cjTgtuhfTk;> jd;id ,yFgLj;jpatuhfTk; fhzg;gLthH. lhf;luhf ,Uf;fTk;: xU Kf;fpakhd Ngl;b vd;gJ ePz;l ciuahlyhf ,Uf;fyhk; Mdhy; mt;Tiuahly; cq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd jftiy vLg;gjhfNt mikaKbAk;. Ngl;b fhz;gtiu fl;Lg;ghl;by; itj;jpUf;Fk; mNjrkak; fdpthfTk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mjhtJ xU lhf;liug;Nghy . mirahjpUf;f Ntz;lhk;: cq;fSila nra;jp vd;dntd;gJ cq;fSf;Fj; njhpAk;. Mdhy; mjpy; ,Wf;fkhf ,Uf;fNtz;lhk;. xU ey;y Ngl;b cq;fs; nra;jpapy; khw;wq;fisAk; nfhz;Ltuyhk;.

MSik : cq;fsplk; ey;y MSik ,Ue;jhy; mjid gpufhrpf;ftpLq;fs;. xU ntWk;Rtuhf ,Uj;jyhfhJ. Muk;gpj;J: epiwTWk; Nfs;tp : Ngl;bnahd;wpd; ,Wjpapy; Ngl;b fhz;gthplk;> NtW ve;jtplaq;fspy; vkJ thrfHfs; MHtkhf ,Ug;ghHfs; vdf;Nfl;fTk;. rpy rkaq;fspy; xd;Wf;FNkw;gl;l gj;jphpiffis thrfHfs; itj;jpUg;gNjhL ey;y jfty;fSk; mtw;wpy; ,Uf;fKbAk;. ghprPypf;fTk;: nra;jp ntspahdJk; mjid je;jthplk; mJgw;wpf; Nfl;fTk;. Nkyjpf jfty;fisAk; Jg;Gf;fisAk;$l ngwKbAk;.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| xxv

gpw;NrHf;if 9

rHtNjr nra;jpg; ghJfhg;G epWtdj;jpd; (INSI) ClftpayhsUf;fhd ghJfhg;G tpjpKiwfs; rHtNjr nra;jpg;ghJfhg;G epWtdk; (INSI) ClftpayhsHfs; kPjhd Jd;GWj;jy;fs;> mtHfs; kPjhd jhf;Fjy;fs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ capUf;Fk;> clYf;Fk; Vw;glf;$ba mr;RWj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw tpyf;fpg; ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; chpikf;fhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l xU epWtdkhf ,J tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ClftpayhsHfSf;F Vw;glf;$ba rpy mghafukhd #o;epiyfis mwpe;J nfhz;l epiyapy;> mtHfs; KOikahf ghJfhg;Gld; ,Uf;f Kbahnjd;w epiyapy;> mtHfspd; ghJfhg;ig mehtrpakhd mr;RWj;jy;fs; ,d;wp cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; I. vd;. v];. I epWtdk; ghLgLtjhf mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ. rkhjhd kw;Wk; NghHr;#oy;fspy; ,jid me;epWtdk; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ. jdJ cWg;gpdHfsJ mDgtq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida Mjutspf;Fk; epWtdq;fspd; JizAld; I. vd;. v];. I epWtd tpjpKiwfisg; NgZfpd;w njhopy;rhH ClftpayhsHfSf;F cly; kw;Wk; cs hPjpahf Vw;glf;$ba jilfis ePf;fp Rje;jpukhfTk;> ,ila+Wfspd;wpAk; nra;jpfisr; Nrfhpg;gijAk;> ntspapLtijAk; I. vd;. v];. I epWtdk; cWjpnra;fpd;wJ.

I. vd;. v];. I. ghJfhg;G tpjpfs; 1. capiuAk;> ghJfhg;igAk; NgZtJ mjpKf;fpaj;JtkhdjhFk;. epWtd hPjpahd CltpayhsHfSk;> jdp;g;gl;l gj;jphpifahsHfSk; Njitaw;w mghafukhd #o;epiyfSf;F Kfq;nfhLj;J nra;jpfisr; Nrfhp;g;gJk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Kbahnjd;gijAk; mj;jifa Kaw;rpfis kpfTk; Cf;fg;gLj;jYk> mghafukhd #o;epiyfspy; ClftpayhsHfsJ ghJfhg;Ng Nghl;bj;jd;ikahd nra;jpr; Nrfhpg;igtpl Kf;fpakhdnjd;gij Clf epWtdq;fs; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lnkdf; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

2. Aj;jg;gpuNjrq;fs; kw;Wk; mghafukhd Vida ,lq;fSf;F nra;jpNrfhpf;fr; nry;tnjd;gJ xUtH jhkhfNt Kd;te;jjhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; mDgtkpf;f nra;jpahsHfshy; mg;gzpfs; nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;. my;yJ mtHfsJ topfhl;ly;fSld; mg;gzpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;. mghafukhd #o;epiyfspy; gzpahw;w

xxvi | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

kWj;jikf;fhf njhopy; hPjpahd ghjpg;G Vw;glyhfhJ. fhhpahyaj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; gj;jphpifahrphpaH my;yJ fsj;jpYs;s nra;jpahsH MfpNahH xUtNuhnlhUtH fye;jhNyhrpj;j gpd;dH mghafukhd #oypy; nra;jpr; Nrfhpg;igj; jtpHj;Jf;nfhs;sTk; KbAk;.

3 . rfy ClftpayhsHfSk; mghafukhd #oypy; Kfq;nfhLf;fNtz;ba epytuq;fisf; ifahStJ Fwpj;J chpa gapw;rpfisg; ngWtNjhL> ey;y tpopg;GzHitAk; nfhz;bUj;jy; mtrpakhdjhFk;. ,jid njhopy; nfhs;NthUk; fl;lhag;gLj;jNtz;baJ mtrpakhdjhfpd;wJ. 4. ClftpayhsHfis Ntiyf;fkh;j;JNthH mtHfs; gzpahw;w Ntz;ba gFjpfspd; murpay;> r%f> ngsjPftpay; #o;epiyfis rhptu mwpe;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; n[dpth gpufldj;Jf;fikthf rHtNjr hPjpahf MAjNkhjy;fs; ,lk;ngWk; gFjpfspy; cs;s eilKiwfs; Fwpj;Jk; Vida kdpj chpikfs;> rl;l Mtzq;fs; gw;wpAk; mwpe;jpUf;fNtz;baJ mtrpakhdjhfpd;wJ. 5. mghafukhd ,lq;fSf;F ClftpayhsHfis gzpahw;w mDkjpf;Fk;NghJ> mtHfSf;fhd ghJfhg;G cgfuzq;fs;> kUj;Jt kw;Wk; mtHfsJ NjfhNuhf;fpak; rk;ge;jg;gl;l midj;J tplaq;fisAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

6. midj;J ClftpayhsHfSf;Fk; mghafukhd gFjpfspy; mtHfs; gzpahw;Wk;NghJ mtHfsJ ghJfhg;ig> Fwpg;ghf fhakiljy; kuzkiljy; vd;gtw;iwf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L mtHfis fhg;GWjp nra;jy; mtrpakhdjhFk;. ,J tplaj;jpy; epue;ju mYtyf nra;jpahsHfs;> kw;Wk; Rakhf ,aq;Fk; ClftpayhsHfs; vdg;ghFghLfhl;lyhfhJ. 7. kd cisr;riyj; juf;$ba rk;gtq;fisg; gw;wp nra;jp Nrfhpf;Fk; ClftpayhsHfs; Rakhf jkJ kdepiy gw;wp me;juq;f itj;jpa MNyhridfisg; ngWtjw;F mtHfis gzpapykHj;JNthH mDkjpf;fNtz;Lk;. ClftpayhsHfis epHtfpg;NghH> kd cisr;ry;fs; Vw;gLk; #o;epiyfis fz;lwpAk; tpjj;jpy; gapw;rpaspf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; mghafukhd #oepiyfsp;y; gzpGhpAk; ClftpayhsuJ FLk;gj;jtHfSf;F mtHfsJ kdg;gaq;fis ePf;fp fhykwpe;j ghJfhg;igg; gw;wpa MNyhridfis mtHfsJ ghrj;Jf;FhpatHfs; gw;wp toq;fNtz;Lk;.

8. ClftpayhsHfs; eLepiyahdtHfs;. vdNt mtHfs; Mgj;jhd MAjq;fis mtHfs; jhk; gzpahw;wr;nry;Yk; ,lq;fSf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;y mDkjpf;fyhfhJ. 9. murhq;fKk; ghJfhg;Gg; gilapdUk; jj;jkJ eltbf;iffSf;Fhpa gFjpfspy; ClftpayhsHfs; gzpahw;Wk;NghJ mtHfsJ ghJfhg;ig cWjpnra;AkhW Nfl;Lf;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; mehtrpakhdKiwapy; Rakhf nrayhw;wpr; nra;jp Nrfhpg;gij jLf;f mDkjpf;fyhfhJ. mj;Jld; nra;jpfis Nrfhpj;J mtw;iw mDg;gpitg;gjidAk; jLf;fyhfhJ.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| xxvii

10. rl;lg+Htkhd eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;Ls;s nra;jpahsHfis ghJfhg;Gg;gilapdH Jd;GWj;jNth> mr;RWj;jNth my;yJ cly;hPjpahf mtHfis jhf;fNth $lhJ. I. vd;. v];. I tpjpKiwfs;> gy;NtW ClfepWtdq;fsp;d; tpjpKiwfis fUj;jpy;nfhz;ljhfNt jahH nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. tpopg;GzHNthL nrayhw;Wjy; • vg;NghJk; vr;rhpf;ifNahbUj;jy;.

• may;Gwj;NjhL cq;fis neUf;fkilaitj;jy;.

• re;Njfj;Jf;fplkhd egHfs;> thfdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw Fwpg;ngLj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.

• Nkw;Fwpj;jit gw;wp me;juq;fkhfg; Gifg;glq;fis vLj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.

• re;Njfj;Jf;fplkhdtHfs; > thfdq;fs; gw;wp rfhf;fs;> ez;gHfs;> FLk;gj;jpdUf;F mwpaj;juTk;.

• nghyp]py; Kiwg;ghL nra;aTk;.

• Nrhjidr;rhtbfs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J tpsf;F epiyfs;> gugug;ghd Nghf;Ftuj;J #oy;> ghyq;fs; FWfyhd tPjpfspYk; fz;fhzpf;fg;gLtij mwpaKbAk;.

• thfdq;fisr; nrYj;jpr;nry;Yk;NghJ $l Nkhl;lhHfhHfs;> Nkhl;lhH irf;fps;fs; vd;git cq;fisg; gpd;njhlHtijg;gw;wp ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sTk; • Nkhl;lhHfhhpd; [d;dy; fz;zhbfis NkNy caHj;jp fjTfis ,Wf;fkhf g+l;bf;nfhs;sTk;.

• cq;fsJ Nkhl;lhH fhiu rpwe;j epiyapy; Xl;lf;$bajhf itj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. tprhykhd tPjpfspy; fhiu Xl;Lk;NghJ KbAkhdtiu mt;tPjpfspd; eLg;gFjp Clhf fhiur; nrYj;jTk;.

• ,Ushd tPjpfs;> ntwpr;Nrhba ghijfs;> FWfyhd tPjpNahu eilghijfs; vd;gtw;wpd; Clhf ele;J nry;tijj; jLf;fTk;.

• cq;fis vtuhtJ gpd;njhlHtjhf ePq;fs; czHe;jhy; mUfpYs;s nghyp]; epiyaj;ij Nehf;fp ePq;fs; nry;yNtz;Lk;.

• thliff;fkHj;jpa thfdnkhd;wpy; nry;Yk;NghJ> cq;fisg; gpd;njhlUk; thfdq;fs; gw;wp vr;rhp;f;ifahf ,Uf;fTk;. mr;rkak; cq;sJ rhujpaplk; N`hHd; rj;jj;ij nghpjhf mOj;JkhWNfhhp mUfpYs;s nghyp]; epiyaj;jpw;Fr; nry;YkhW $wTk;. kuz mr;RWj;jy;fis ifahs;tJ • cq;fSf;Ff; tpLf;fg;gl;l mr;RWj;jy;fspd; rhpahd thHj;ijfis njspthf Fwpg;ngLf;fTk;. ,jd;%yk; nghyp]hUf;F ePq;fs; NeHj;jpahd mwpf;ifnahd;iw toq;fKbAk;.

• mr;RWj;jy;fis rhkhd;akhf vLf;fyhfhJ. mitgw;wp cq;fsJ Nkyjpfhhpfs;> rfhf;fs; FLk;gj;jpdhplk; cldbahf mwptpf;fNtz;Lk;.

• mr;RWj;jy;fs; gw;wp gutyhf mwpaj;juTk;. ClfepWtdq;fs;> Clf mikg;Gfs; vd;gdtw;wplk; mr;RWj;jy;gw;wp mwpaj;jUtNjhL nra;jp epWtdq;fsplk; mitgw;wp gpuRhpf;FkhW Nfl;Lf;nfhs;sTk;.

xxviii | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

• FWe;jfty;fs; %ykhf tpLf;fg;gLk; mr;RWj;jy;fis cq;fsJ ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrpapy; gjpTnra;J itj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. ,jd;%yk; Kiwg;ghLfs; nra;Ak;NghJ chpa Mtzg;gjpit ePq;fs; itj;jpUf;f KbAk;.

• mr;RWj;jy; mjpfhp;j;jhy;> jw;fhypfkhf NtnwhU ,lj;Jf;F khWtJ gw;wp ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sTk;.

• kpfTk; mtrpag;gl;lhy; kl;LNk nghyp]; ghJfhg;ig NfhuTk;. mj;Jld; cq;fs; gFjpapy; cs;s nghyp]hH ek;gfj;jFe;jth;fshf ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk ,jidf;NfhuTk;. cq;fs; FLk;gj;jpdiug;ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUj;jy; • FLk;g mq;fj;jtHfsplKk;> tPl;bYs;s VidNahhplKk; njhiyNgrpa+lhfNth> NtW tpjj;jpNyh jfty;fs; vjidAk; nfhLf;fNtz;lhnkdf; $wTk;.

• Jg;ghf;fpg;gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; NtW jhf;Fjy;fspypUe;J jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; gapw;rpfis tPl;bypUg;NghUld; mbf;fb Nkw;nfhs;sTk;.

• re;Njfj;jpw;fplkhd egHfs;> thfdq;fs; gw;wp Fwpg;ngLj;Jf; nfhs;SkhW FLk;g cWg;gpdHfsplk; njhptpf;fTk;. tPl;Lf;fjTfs; rhpahdKiwapy; G+l;lg;gLtijAk;> mit fhj;jpukhd g+l;Lf;fis nfhz;Ls;sijAk; cWjpg;gLj;jTk;.

• jhf;Fjy; VJk; elf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; ghJfhg;ghf ,Uf;ff;$bathW XH miwia tPl;by; xJf;fpf;nfhs;sTk;. gykhd fjT> njhiyNgrpj;njhlHG> jz;zPH> czT> NlhHr;iyl; KjYjtp ngl;b Mfpatw;NwhL jg;gpr;nry;yf;$ba xU topiaAk; mt;miw nfhz;bUf;fNtz;Lk;.

• cq;fsJ tPl;L jpwg;Gfis ntspNa nry;y NeHe;jhy; ek;gpf;iff;Fhpa may;tPl;Lf;fhuhplk; mijf;nfhLf;fTk;. thry; fjT tphpg;gpd; fPNoh my;yJ kyHr;rhbapd; fPNoNah itf;fyhfhJ. • KbAkhdhy; fhtYf;F xU ehia itj;jpUf;fTk;.

• ePq;fs; fz;fhzpf;fg;gLtij Nehl;lkpLk; tpjj;jpy; maytHfSf;F mwpaj;juTk;.

Aj;jk; kw;Wk; Nkhjy; gFjpfspy; gzpahw;wy; • mr;RWj;jg;gLk; NghJ tpiuthfNt ntspNawTk;.

• Aj;jg;gpuNjrj;ij FWf;fplNtz;lhk;. mJ Mgj;jdjhf mika KbAk;.

• xU Nkhjypd; NghJ ,Ugf;fq;fspYkpUe;J nra;jp Nrfupg;gjpy; mtjhdk; Njit. Mgj;jhdjhfTk; mJ mikayhk;.

• ghugl;rkpd;wp gf;fk;rhuhjpUf;fNtz;Lk;.

• ,uhZt ikaq;fs; gw;wpa tiuglq;fis cq;fs; Fwpg;Gg;Gj;jfj;jpy; tiuayhfhJ. mj;Jld; Njitaw;w tpjj;jpy; ,uhZt MAjq;fs; Fwpj;J ftdj;ijr;nrYj;jyhfhJ. • gfpuq;fkhf Fwpg;ngLg;gijNah my;yJ Xypg;gjpTf;fUtpia kw;Wk; Fwpg;Gg;Gj;jfj;ijNah mDkjpapd;wp cgNahfpf;fyhfhJ. cq;fis Nehf;fp Rlg;gl;lhy; • ghJfhg;ghf kiwe;;Jnfhs;sTk;. vjidAk; gpufhrkhf mzpayhfhJ. • gpufhrpf;fpd;w cq;fs; fUtpfs; ngupjhf gpujpgypf;fhjthW mRj;j Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| xxix

kile;jitahfTk;>NrWgl;litahfTk; ,Uf;fl;Lk;.

• mUfpypUe;J RLgtu; xUtupd; mUNf epd;W kiwe;J nfhs;s Ntz;lhk;.

• jiuapy; xU Jthuk; my;yJ gs;sk; kiwthf ,Ug;gjw;F VJthdjhf ,Uf;f KbAk;.

• fl;blnkhd;wpDs;> N`hl;ly; FspayiwNghy; ,Uf;Fk; miwnahd;iw kiwe;J nfhs;tjw;F VJthf njupT nra;aTk;.

• kiwtplj;jpypUe;J vl;bg;ghu;f;fyhfhJ. • Rtu; xd;wpd; gpd;dhy; kiwe;jpUe;jhy; $l jiuapy; gLj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.

• kiwe;jpUf;Fk;NghJ mr;R+oiy cldbahfNt Nehl;lkpl;L jg;gp xLtjw;fhd khu;f;fj;ij jpl;lkplTk;.

• jg;gpr;nry;Yk;NghJ jhtuq;fs;> Gju;fs;> flblq;fs; Clhf kiwe;J nrd;W Rlg;gLk; jpirf;F gpbnfhlhJ jg;gpr;nry;yTk;.

• ePq;fs; itj;Js;s fUtpfs; ePq;fs; jg;gpr;nry;y jilahf ,Ue;jhy; mtw;iw iftpl;Lr;nry;yTk;.

Mu;g;ghl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; rptpy; Fog;gq;fspd;NghJ gzpahw;wy; • Kd;$l;bNa jpl;lkplTk;.

• cq;fsJ mzpapypUg;NghuplkpUe;J (glg;gpbg;ghsu;>jahupg;ghsu;) gpupe;J nry;y Neupl;lhy; kPsTk; re;jpj;Jf;nfhs;s Kd;dNuNa Xh; ,lj;ij njupTnra;aTk;.

• Clf milahs ml;ilia vg;NghJk; itj;jpUf;fTk;. MapDk; Njitaw;w tpjj;jpy; mjid fhz;gpf;fyhfhJ. • ifj;njhiyNgrpapy; ,yf;fnkhd;iw mtrukhf miof;Fk;tpjj;jpy; gjpTnra;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

• fz;zPu; Gifg;gpuNahfk; elj;jg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; Gif%l;lk; fz;zpy;glhjthW ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.

• fz;fis ghJfhf;Fk;tpjj;jpy; ePr;ry;jlhf fz;zhbfisNah>my;yJ ifj;njhopy; ikaq;fspy; mzpAk; fz;zhbfisNah ghtpf;fTk;.

• KjYjtpg;ngl;bfis nfhz;Lnry;tNjhL mtw;wpy; ,Ug;gtw;iwAk; ghtpf;fj;njupe;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

• ngl;Nuhy; Fz;Lfs; tPrg;gLk; mghak; vg;NghJk; cz;L. ,jdhy; ,yFtpy; jPg;gpbf;fhj Milfis mzpaTk;.

• KJFg;Gwj;jpy; xUehs;tiu jhf;Fg;gpbf;ff;$bathW czT> ePu; Mfpait mlq;fpa ignahd;iw Rke;J nry;yTk;. gzpahw;Wk; ,lj;jpy; epiyik Nkhrkhdhy; cq;fisr; rkhspj;Jf;nfhs;s ,J cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.

• ePq;fs; xU nra;jpahsuhf ,Ug;gpd; rdf;$l;lk; kj;jpapy; epw;f Neupl;lhy; Fwpj;j rk;gtk; gw;wp mwpe;j gpd;dUk; mt;tplj;jpy; epw;fNtz;bajpy;iy.

• ePq;fs; glg;gpbg;ghsuhf my;yJ fhnzhspg;gjpthsuhf ,Ue;jhy; caukhd Xu; ,lj;jpy; epd;W midj;ijAk; gjpT nra;aTk;.

• cq;fs; mzpapdNuhL Nru;e;J gzpahw;wTk;. epiyik Nkhrkhdhy; jg;gpr;nry;Yk; topiaAk; kdjstpy; jpl;lkplTk;.

• nra;jp Nrfupg;G epiwTw;wJk; mjpy; Vw;gl;l mDgtq;fis gfpe;J nfhs;s khehnlhd;iw $l;lTk;.

• ,aw;if mdHj;jq;fs; gw;wp nra;jp Nrfhpg;gJ. • epiyikfis kjpg;gplTk;.

• ePq;fs; nra;jp Nrfhpf;f nry;yTs;s mdHj;jk; (Rdhkp> g+fk;gk; xxx | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

,urhaz frpT) gw;wp KbAkhdtiu ed;fwpe;Jnfhs;sTk;.

• jFe;j ghJfhg;G Mil mzpfyd;fis mzpe;Jnfhs;sTk;.

• Nghj;jypyilf;fg;gl;l ePiuf;nfhz;Lnry;yTk;.

• mjpfhupfs;>epGzu;fsJ topfhl;ly;fis mDrupj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.

• nghyp]hu; tFj;Js;s vy;iyf;NfhLfis jhz;lyhfhJ. • kPl;Gg;;gzpahsu;fs;> capu;fhf;Fk; gzpahsu;fsJ flikfspy; FWf;fplyhfhJ. • nfhs;fyd;fs;> Ftisfs; Nghd;wtw;iw Efh;e;J ghu;f;fyhfhJ. mit mghafukhd ,urhazq;fis nfhz;bUf;f KbAk;.

• G+fk;gk; Vw;gl;l gFjpfspy; vupthAf; Foha;fs; ntbj;jpUf;fyhk;. vdNt mg;gFjpfspy; Gifj;jiyj; jtpu;f;fTk;.

Nrhjidr;rhtbfspy; ele;J nfhs;Sk;tpjk; • vg;NghJk; gzpthf ,Uf;fTk;.

• thf;Fthjj;ijj;jtpu;f;fTk;.

• cq;fis Clftpayhsh; vd milahsk; fhl;lTk;.

• fhy;eilahf nry;tjhapd; Njitahd Mtzq;fis kl;Lk; Nrhjidr;rhtbf;F vLj;Jr;nry;yTk;. thfdq;fspy; nrd;why; thfd [d;dy;fs;> fjTfis %bf;nfhs;sTk;. fPopwq;FkhW Nfl;Lf;nfhs;sg;gl;lhNy jtpu ePq;fs; thfdj;jpypUe;J fPopwq;fyhfhJ. • mDkjpapd;wp glnkLf;fyhfhJ. • Nrhjidr;rhtbapy; cs;s ,uhZtj;jpdh; my;yJ MAjghzpfs; gugug;ghf my;yJ fLfLg;ghf ,Ue;jhy; mtHfSf;F cq;fsplKs;s rpfnul;Lfs; my;yJ ,dpg;Gfis toq;fTk;.

• cq;fsJ milahs ml;ilia mtHfs; mtjhdpf;Fk;NghJ cq;fs; igapYs;s cq;fs; kidtp> gps;isfspd; Nghl;Nlhf;fisAk; mtHfs; fz;fspy; gLkhW itf;Fk; NghJ cq;fs; kPJ mtHfSf;F mDjhgk; Vw;glTk; KbAk;.

• ePq;fs; vq;fpUf;fpwPHfs; vd;gij kf;fs; mwpe;J itj;Js;shHfs; vd;gijAk;> ePq;fs; jpUk;gp tUtPHfs; vd mtHfs; vjpHghHj;Js;shHfs; vd;gijAk; mtHfs; mwpar; nra;aNtz;Lk;.

• ePq;fs; XH mr;RWj;jy; my;y vd;gijAk; mwpaj;juTk;.

• gzpthfTk; mNjrkak; vr;rhpf;ifNahLk; rpg;gha;fNshL ele;J nfhs;sTk;. mtHfsplk; cq;fsJ ngaH gl;bay; ,Uf;fKbahJ. mj;Jld; cq;fs; fz;izg; ghHj;Jk; mtHfs; fijf;f khl;lhHfs;. ePq;fs; ifjhFk;NghJ nra;aNtz;baJ • cq;fs; chpikfs; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;sTk; mikjpahf ePq;fs; ,Ug;gNjhL jifik tha;e;j cq;fsJ njhpTf;Fs;shd xU rl;lj;juzpahy; ePq;fs; topelj;jg;gl;lNtz;Lk;.

• rpj;jputij kw;Wk; Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;Fs;shfhjthW cq;fisg;ghJfhf;Fk; chpik cq;fSf;F cz;L. • cq;fSf;F ,e;j chpikfs; gw;wp mwpaj;jUk; chpikAs;snjd;gij cq;fSf;F njhpag;gLj;JtNjhL cq;fshy; Fwpg;gplg;gLgit ePjpkd;wj;jpy; cq;fSf;nfjpuhfTk; gad;gLj;jg;glKbAnkd;gijAk; mwpaj;juNtz;Lk;.

• ePq;fs; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;lhy; kdpjhgpkhdj;NjhL elj;jg;gLtJ cWjp nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; mt;thW elj;jg;gLtjw;Fk; chpj;JilNahuhf ,Uf;fpwPHfs; vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| xxxi

Ml;flj;jYf;Fs;shdhy; my;yJ gzaf;ifjpahdhy; • Ml;flj;jypypUe;J kPs;tjw;F cWjpahd kdg;ghq;ifAk; rhjfkhd jd;ikiaAk; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

• cq;fis flj;jpNahiu Mj;jpukila itf;fyhfhJ. mtHfs; nrhy;tijr; nra;aNtz;Lk;.

• kdj;jstpy; cq;fsJ rfh my;yJ ez;gUld; cq;fis MRthrg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s fijj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.

• tPL jpUk;gpaJk; vd;d nra;tPHfs; vd;gJ gw;wpa rhjfkhf epidj;J cq;fis rhe;jg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sTk;.

• xU ehisf;FNky; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; cq;fsJ epiyikia Kd;Ndw;w cjtpfis ehlTk;.

• cq;fsJ FLk;gj;jtHfs; gw;wp ciuahb cq;fisf; flj;jpNahH cq;fs; kPJ ghpT nfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy; ele;J nfhs;sTk;. %Hf;fj;jdkhf ePq;fs; elj;jg;gl;lhy; cshPjpahf cq;fSf;Fg; gphpakhdtUld; my;yJ ePq;fs; tzq;Fk; flTSld; Ngrpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

• ePq;fs; tpiutpy; tpLjiy nra;ag;gLtPHfs; vdf;$wg;gLk; thf;FWjpfis ek;gNtz;lhk;. nra;jpf;$lj;ijg; ghJfhf;fr;nra;a Ntz;bait • cq;fs; MrphpaH my;yJ cldb Nkyjpfhhpaplk; ePq;fs; vq;Nf nry;fpwPHfs;> cq;fs; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;> kw;Wk; ePq;fs; ahiu vq;F ve;Neuk; re;jpf;fpwPHfs; vd;gij mtHfs; mwpe;jpUf;fl;Lk;.

• mghafukhd gzpfspy; <LgLk;NghJ ,ilawhJ nra;jpf;fhhpahyaj;Jld; njhlHG nfhz;L mtHfs; cldbahfNt cq;fis ehlf;$ba topfisf; ifahsTk;.

• kpfTk; El;gkhd Mtzq;fs;> ,Wtl;Lfs;> xyp - xspg;gjpTfs; Mfpait nra;jpf;$lj;Jf;F ntspNa ghJfhg;ghd Kiwapy; ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

• Kf;fpakw;w jfty;fSf;fhf njhiyNgrpa+lhd Ngl;bfis KbAkhdtiu fl;Lg;gLj;jTk;.

xxxii | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

gpw;NrHf;if 10

Resource List (ts gl;bay;> epWtdq;fspd; gl;bay;fs;) Regional and Global Investigative Networks • • • • • • •

Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism (ARIJ) Balkan Investigative Reporting Network(BIRN) Forum for African Investigative Reporters (FAIR) Global Investigative Journalism Network (GIJN) International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) Investigative Reporters Network Europe (IRENE) Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (Southeastern Europe) • SCOOP (East and Southeastern Europe)

Global Investigative Reporting Centers • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Bulgarian Investigative Journalism Center (BIJC) Caucasus Media Investigations Center (CMIC) Center for Investigative Journalism, UK Center for Investigative Reporting, Bosnia & Herzogovina (CIN) Center for Investigative Reporting, Nepal Center for Investigative Reporting, Serbia Centro de Investigation le Information Periodistica (CIPER), Chile Ghana Center for Public Integrity Investigative Journalism Center (IJC), Croatia Investigative Journalism Center of Moldova Investigative Journalists NGO, Armenia Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ) Romanian Center for Investigative Journalism (CRJI) The Canadian Centre for Investigative Reporting (CCIR)

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| xxxiii

Investigative Reporting Centers in the US • • • • • • • • • • •

Center for Investigative Reporting(CIR) Center for Public Integrity(CPI) Investigate West Investigative Reporting Workshop, American University New England Center for Investigative Reporting at Boston University ProPublica Rocky Mountain Investigative News Network Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism, Brandeis University Stabile Center for Investigative Journalism, Columbia University Texas Watchdog Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism

xxxiv | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

gpw;NrHf;if 11

Related websites (,izaj;jsq;fs;) • Article 19 - http//www.gn.apc.org/article 19

• Canadian Journalists for Free Expression - http//www.cjfe.org • Cobrapost - http://www.cobrapost.com/

• Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)- http//www.cpj.org

• Commonwealth Press Union - http//www.compressu.co.uk/ • European Journalism Centre - http//www.ejc.nl

• European Journalism Network - http//www.ejn.org • FACSNET - www.facsnet.org

• Freedom Forum - http//www.freedomforum.org • Groundviews - http//www. groundviews.org

• Independent Journalism Foundation - http//www.ijf-cij.org • International Federation of Journalists - http//www.ifj.org

• International Freedom of Expression Exchange - http//www.ifex.org • International Institute for Journalism -http//www.scripps.ohiou.edu • International Journalists Network - http//www.ijnet.org • International Media Support- http//www.i-m-s.dk

• International PEN - http//www.internationalpen.org.uk

• International Press Institute- http//www.freemedia.at/

• International Women’s Media Foundation- http//www.iwmf.org

• Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas -http//www.knightcenter. utexas.edu

• Malaysiakini - http://www.malaysiakini.com/ • Online Journalism Review - www.ojr.org

• Panos South Asia - http://www.panossouthasia.org • Poynter Institute- www.poynter.org

• Press Foundation of Asia -http//www.pressasia.org Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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• Reporters San Frontiers(RSF) -http//www.rsf.fr

• Salzburg Seminar- http//www.salzburgseminar.org

• Society of Professional Journalists in the United States - www.spj.org/ ethics.asp

• Tehelka.org - http://www.tehelka.com

• The Freedom Forum -http//www.freedomforum.org

• The Reporters’ Committee for Freedom of the Press- www.rcfp.org • The Thomson Foundation -http//www.Thomfound.ac.uk • UNESCO - http//www.unesco.org/webworld

• World Association of Newspapers -http//www.wan-press.org • World Press Freedom Committee-http//www.wpfc.org • World Press Photo -http//www.worldpressphoto.nl

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gpw;NrHf;if 12

Bibliography (Jiz E}y;gl;bay;) • Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism - http://arij.net/ en/?cat=13 • Arthasastra by Kautilya

• The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and What the Public Should Expect by Bill Kovach and Tom Resenstiel (2007)

• Story-Based Inquiry: A Manual for Investigative Journalists by Mark Lee Hunter, Nils Hanson, Rana Sabbagh, Luuk Sengers, Drew Sullivan and Pia Thordsen - http://www.arij.net/look/englishmanual.pdf

• Digging Deeper: A Guide for Investigative Journalists in the Balkans by Sheila Coronel (2009) • http://groundviews.org

• Investigative Editors and Reporters - http://www.ire.org/

• The Code of Professional Practice (Code of Ethics) of the Editors Guild of Sri Lanka – http://www.fojo.se/polopoly_fs/1.1900!Code%20 of%20Ethics-%20English.pdf • Complaint Form of the Sri Lanka Press Complaints Commission http://www.pccsl.lk/how to make complain.php

• International Federation of Journalists: Declaration of Principles on the Conduct of Journalists- http://asiapacific.ifj.org/en • Tehelka - http://www.tehelka.com

• Cobrapost - http://www.cobrapost.com/ Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

| xxxvii

• ABC Television Network, US- http://abc.go.com/

• Definitions of Corruption - http://www.unodc.org/pdf/crime/ corruption/Handbook.pdf • Lexis-Nexis - http://www.lexisnexis.com/

• Loosening Lips (The Art of the Interview) by Eric Nader - http:// home.earthlink.net/~cassidyny/naldertip.htm

• The Society of Professional Journalists - http://www.spj.org/pdf/ ethicscode.pdf.

• Attacks on the Press 1999: Sri Lanka by the Committee to Protect Journalists - http://cpj.org/2000/03/attacks-on-the-press-1999-srilanka.php • http://www.article19.org/data/files/pdfs/publications/sri-lankafifty-years-on.pdf • Section 5.1 of The Code of Professional Practice (Code of Ethics) of the Editors Guild of Sri Lanka – http://www.fojo.se/polopoly_ fs/1.1900!Code%20of%20Ethics-%20English.pdf • http://groundviews.org/2010/11/04/a-turn-for-the-worseundergraduate-protests-and-unrest-in-sri-lanka/ • Google - http://www.google.com/

• Wikipedia - http://www.wikipedia.org/

• South Florida Hurricane Relief Fraud Report - http://www.sunsentinel.com/news/local/southflorida/sfl-femacoverage,0,3866065. storygallery • Edgar Database at the US Securities and Exchange Commission http://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/webusers.htm

• http://groundviews.org/2010/11/19/record-breaking-rice-cakesbut-at-what-cost/ xxxviii | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

• Press Freedom Index by Reporters Sans Frontiers 2010 - http:// en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2010,1034.html • 2009 UNESCO Press Freedom Prize Awarded to Lasantha Wickrematunge - http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ ID=28500&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

• Getting Away with Murder: Impunity Index by the Committee to Protect Journalists - http://www.cpj.org/reports/2010/04/cpj-2010impunity-index-getting-away-with-murder.php • Live News: A Survival Guide for Journalists by the International Federation of Journalists - http://www.ifj.org/assets/ docs/091/223/51c565b-ee6f6df.pdf

• Safety Code by the International News Safety institute - http://www.newssafety.org/index.php?option=com_ content&view=article&id=165:insi-safety-code&catid=166:safetycode&Itemid=100066 • http://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v2_rul_rule34 • Safety Matters - For Journalists and Media Workers by the International Federation of Journalists, Free Media Movement, Internews and Young Asia Television (2009)

• International Media Support on Safety of Journalists - http://www.im-s.dk/page/introduction-ims • Accuracy Checklist - http://www.scribd.com/doc/31924802/ Checklist-Craig-Silverman-Regret-the-error • Safety Case Study - http://www.thesundayleader.lk/ archive/20060423/spotlight.htm

• The Seven Basic Rules for Investigative Reporting by Clark Mollenhoff - http://www.concernedjournalists.org/seven-basic-rulesinvestigative-reporting

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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xl | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung | Transparency International Sri Lanka

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Gydha;T Clfj; Jiwf;fhd ts Ehy;

Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung No.4, Adams Avenue, Colombo - 4.

Phone: +94 112502710/1 Fax: +94 112502727 Email: office@fessrilanka.org Web: http://www.fessrilanka.org

Transparency International Sri Lanka 6, 37th Lane, Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Road, Colombo 3 Phone: 011 4369781 - 3 Fax: 011 2506419 Email: tisl@tisrilanka.org Web: www.tisrilanka.org xlii | Resource Book on Investigative Journalism

ISBN: 978-955-1281-49-6