Land Issues [Idam Kadam Denamuthukam] - Sinhala by Transparency International Sri Lanka

bv誰 lv誰 oekuq;=l誰 wkq.%yh

hqfrdamd ix.uh

m<uq uqøKh 2012

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld fkd 6" 37 jk mgqu. /ðK mdr" fld<U 03 ÿrl;kh *elaia B fï,a

011 4369781 0112506419 tisl@tisrilanka.org

ISBN: 978-955-1281-52-6 iïm;a odhl;ajh wd¾. tï. tia. î. r;akdhl uy;d ^Y%S ,xld mßmd,k fiajh& wd¾. ta. ;s,lr;ak uy;d ^Y%S ,xld mßmd,k fiajh& tia. jdy,j;a; uy;d ^Y%S ,xld mßmd,k fiajh& B. tï. tï. taalkdhl uy;d ^Y%S ,xld mßmd,k fiajh& Ô. ã. lS¾;s .uf.a uy;d ^Y%S ,xld mßmd,k fiajh& ã. ta. wika; .=Kfialr uy;d ^Y%S%s ,xld mßmd,k fiajh&

ldgQka - msh,a Woh iurùr uy;d msgq ieleiau - yß; oykdhl iïnkaëlrKh - .hdka ,shkf.a fufyhùu yd iïmdokh - Ydka; l=,;=x. © ish¿u ysñlï weúßKs' fuys wka;¾.; jk lreKq Wmfhda.S lr.ekSfï§$ m%ldYkh lsÍfï§ ta i|yd g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kfhka ,sÅ; wjirh ,ndf.k ;sìh hq;=h' fuu fmd; hqfrdamSh ix.ufha (E U) wkq.%yh we;sj m%ldYhg m;alr we;' fuu m%ldYkfha wvx.= lreKq ms<sn| iïmQ¾K j.lSu g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld wdh;kh úiska ork w;r ta ;=<ska lsisfia;au hqfrdamSh ix.ufha woyia ms<sìUq fkdfõ' Disclaimer:

“This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Transparency International Sri Lanka and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.”

bv誰 lv誰 oekuq;=l誰

mgqk wka;¾.;h bvï flduidßia ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh

msgqj

iNdm;s;=udf.a mKssúvh 2 1. wms bvï y`ÿkd .ksuq 3 2. uyck;djg iy wdh;kj,g bvï fnod§ug wod< lr.kq ,nk mk;a fudkjdo @

3. rcfha bvï i|yd ksl=;a lrk ,shú,s ^n,m;%$ Tmamq&

4. n,m;% u; iy §ukd m;% u; ,enQ bvï ixj¾Okh lsÍu 24 5. n,m;% msgm;a ,nd.ekSu 30 6. bvï mejÍu yqjudrej ^úlsKSu& Wlia ;eîu

7. Ôú; N=la;sh 43 8. bvï uekSu 50 9. bvï wdrdjq,a 56 weuqKqï 63

bvï flduidßia ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh rcfha bvï jeä jYfhka mßyrKh lrkq ,nkafka úh<s l<dmSh ÿIalr m%foaY j, .%dóh ck;djhs' Tjqkaf.a Ôjfkdamdh i,id .ekSug uQ,sl jkafka fndfyda úg rcfhka ,ndfok bvï fldgils' tfy;a fujeks mqoa.,hskag ixlS¾K bvï kS;s" fr.=,dis yd l%shdmámdá ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhla ke;' tu ksidu ;ukag wjYH bvula ,nd.ekSfï§;a" ;uka fj; ,nd§ we;s bvï mßyrKh lsÍfï§;a fuu wkjfndaOh ksid .eg¨ j,g uqyqKmdkq ,nhs' fï ksidu kS;sÍ;s j,g mgyeksj lghq;= lsÍu ;=,ska úi£ug ÿIalr buy;a .eg¨ldÍ ;;ajhka fuu lafIa;%h ;=< we;sù ;sfnk nj wmf.a w;aoelSuhs' ixksfõokfha ÈhqKqj ksid j¾;udkfha ck;djg b;d myiqfjka f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSug yelshdj ;snqKo ÿIalr m<d;a j, kQ.;a ÿmam;a .eñ ck;dj tjeks udOH ;=,ska f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSu ;ju;a by< uÜgug ,Õdù ke;' tjeks udOH ;=,ska f;dr;=re iemhSu w;skao fuu bvï mßmd,k lafIa;%h wfkl=;a lafIa;% yd ii|k l, ;ju;a miqmiska isák nj ms<s.ekSug isÿfõ' tu ksid fuu b,lal lKavdhïj,g f;areï.; yels ir, f,i bÈßm;a lr we;s rcfha bvï mßmd,khg wod, fiajdjka ,nd.kakd wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrk fuu w;afmd; b;d jeo.;a ld,Sk wjYH;djhla imqrd,Sula nj lsj yel' we;eï cd;Hka;r iafõÉPd ixúOdk wm rfÜ rdcH ;ka;%fha ÿ¾j,;d u;= lrñka úfõpkh lsÍug;a tjka wvqmdvq wkqj rfÜ ;;ajh j¾. lsÍug ,lalr ;ukaf.a wruqKq bgqlr.ekSug;a W;aidy lrk hq.hl —w÷rg idmlrkjdg jvd tla mykla oe,aùu jgfkah˜ hk jok idlaId;a lrñka g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kh hqfrdamd ix.ufha ldreKsl wkq.%yfhka bgqlrk ,o fuu fufyjr b;d m%YxikShhs' fuu w;afmd; ilia lsÍu i|yd oekqu iy w;aoelSï weiqfrka odhl;ajh iemhQ Y%S ,xld mßmd,k fiajfha m<mqreÿ ks,OdÍka ih fokdgo udf.a m%Kduh mqo lrñ' fuu w;afmdf;a fou< NdIdfjka mßj¾;khla t<s oelaùug lghq;= lr ;sîu fou< NdIdj Ndú;d lrk ck;djg uy;a rel=,la jkq we;' fujka W;=ï l¾;jHhla bgq lsÍu i|yd, óg odhl jQ ish¨ fokdg fujka l¾;jHhka i|yd ;j;j;a Yla;sh yd Èßh ,efíjdhs uu m%d¾:kd lrñ'

wd¾. mS. wd¾. rdcmlaI bvï flduidßia ckrd,a

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

iNdm;s;=udf.a mKssúvh fï fmd; ieliqfõ wehs@ Y%S ,dxlslhska jk wmg ;sfhkafka fndfydu mqxÑ rgla' rfÜ ck.ykh;a tlal n,k úg wmsg bvï fndfydau jákjd' wfma ixialD;shg wkqj bvu lshkafka Ôjfkdamdh ud¾.hla ú;rla fkfjhs¦ th wmg iudc .re;ajhla ms<s.ekSula ,eîug;a fya;=fjkjd' ta;a wfma rfÜ ck;djf.ka fndfyda fofkl=g bvï iïnkaOfhka mj;akd úêúOdk" kS;sÍ;s ms<sn|j t;rï ksjerÈ wjfndaOhla keye' úfYaIfhka wfma rfÜ W;=reueo" W!j iy kef.kysr jf.a m<d;aj, jeä jYfhka ;sfhkafka rcfha bvï' rcfha bvï l<ukdlrKhg úúO wKmk;a ;sfhkjd' fï mk;a weiqfrka uyck;djg ;u bvï rdcldÍ bgq lrjd .ekSug wjYH oekqu fkdue;sùu ksid ta wh .eg¨ /ilg uqyqKq fokjd' g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kh miq.sh ldf,a mj;ajkq ,enQ —uyck uKavm˜ jevigyka lsysmhl§u;a ck;dj uqyqKfok m%Odk .eg¨jla f,i bvï m%Yak .ek u;=jqKd' tfiau ta iïnkaOfhka ck;dj oekqïj;a lrk f,i úúO wdh;k" ixúOdk yd mqoa.,hska b,a,Sï l<d' óg wu;rj m%dfoaYSh mßmd,khg wod,j bvï .eg¨ .ek wm l< ióËKj,§;a uyck;dj f;dr;=re fkdoek isàu ksid ;ukaf.a m%Yak j,g úi`ÿï fidhd.kak lShla yß w;ñg fud,jkak isÿjqK wjia:d .ek;a jd¾;d jqKd' fï w;afmd; by; .eg¨ lsysmhgu úi÷ï ,nd.ekSu myiq lrùug wm oerE W;aidyfha m%;sM,hla' fï bvï m%Yakj,g uqyqK§ isák fndfyda fofkla .%dóh m%foaYj, Ôj;ajk idudkH ck;dj ksid fï fmd; yels;dla ir,j bÈßm;a lrkakg wm W;aidy l<d' g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kh fjkqfjka fuu w;afmd; iïmdokh lsÍfï§ nqoaêuh odhl;ajh iemhQ Y%S ,xld mßmd,k fiajfha ks,OdÍjreka jk Ô. ã. lS¾;s .uf.a" wd¾. tï. tia. î. r;akdhl" B. tï. tï. taalkdhl" ã. ta. wika; .=Kfialr, tia. jdy,j;a;" wd¾. ta. ;s,lr;ak uy;ajrekag;a" w.kd ldgqka fm<la ks¾udKh lrÿka msh,a Woh iurùr uy;dg;a fuu ld¾hh i|yd odhl jQ wmf.a ld¾h uKav,fha ish¨ fokdg;a ia;+;shs'

tï. ã. ta. yer,aâ iNdm;s g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld

2 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

1. wms bvï y`ÿkd .ksuq

bvï wm yefudagu jákd fohla' Ôú;h yereKdu wm jeä fofkl=g fnfyúkau jeo.;a jkafka bvï' ta jdf.au bvï lshkafka ljodj;a jeäfjkafka ke;s osfkka osk jákdlu jeäjk iïm;la' ta ksidu bvï yd tajdg n,mdk kS;s Í;s y÷kd.ekSu b;d jeo.;a' m<uqj wms bvï j, iajNdjh y÷kd .ekSug W;aidy lruq'

iskaklalr bvï fïjdg m%fõKss ^mrfõKs& bvï, mqoa.,sl bvï, ikakia bvï, kskao.ï lsh,;a lshkjd' óg wu;rj úydr.ï, foajd,.ï bvï lsh,;a bvï j¾.hla ;sfhkjd

rcfha bvï ta lshkafka Y%S ,xld ckrch ^wdKavqj& i;=j mj;sk bvï

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

bvï fï úoshg fldgia follg fnÿfka uqvqìï wd{d mkf;ka yd bka miqj mekjqK bvï ksrjq,a lsÍfï wd{dmk; ksihs' iqoaokaf.a ld,fhaoS y÷kajd ÿka fï mk;a j,ska rfÜ ;snqKq bvï ms<sn|j mÍlaIK mj;aj,d ck;djg ;ukaf.a whs;sh Tmamq lrkak mq¨jka jqKq bvï iskaklalr bvï úosyg;a b;sß bvï rcfha bvï úoshg;a y÷kajkq ,enqjd'

—bvu hkakg N+ñh;aa" ta ;=< msysá .yfld< yd boslsÍï ish,a,;a we;=,;a'˜ fï fmd;a msxfp§ wms jeämqr wjOdkh fhduq lrkafka rcfha bvï ms<sn|jhs'

1'1

fï bvï fjka lr, y÷kd .kafka fldfyduo @

t;kÈ ;uhs wmsg ñkskafodare fomd¾;fïka;=j iy ta wh i;=j we;s is;shï (Plan) jeo.;a jkafka'

bvula iskaklalr bvulao, rcfha bvulao lsh, yßhgu y÷kd .kak kï Bg wod< is;shu mÍlaId lr, n,kak fjkjd' is;shïj, rcfha bvï iy fm!oa.,sl bvï fjka fjka jYfhka olaj, ;sfhkjd' is;shfï tla tla bvï lÜá ms<sn|j úia;r olaj, ;sfhkafka mßmQrl ,ehsia;=fõ ke;skï mx.=lrejkaf.a ,ehsia;=fõ (Tenement List)' yenehs iuyr .ï j,g fuu is;shï ;ju yo, keye'

4 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

1.2 rcfha bvï iy fm!oa.,sl bvï fjkalr y÷kd .kafka flfiao@

by;ska úia;r l< wdldrhg rcfha bvï iy fm!oa.,sl bvï fjkalr y÷kd.ekSug ñkqïm;sjrhdf.a is;shï Wmfhda.S lr.kakjd' is;shï u.ska ;yjqre jkafka bvu rcfhao iskaklalro hkak muKhs' bvfï whs;sh mj;skafka ldygo hkak oek.ekSug kï wod, Tmamqj$ n,m;%h mÍlaId lr, n,kak fjkjd' iskaklalr fm!oa.,sl bvulg kï ta i|yd fkd;dßiajrhl= úiska ,shd iy;sl lrk ,o Tmamqjla ;ssìh hq;=hs' tu whs;sh ksrjq,ao hkak ;yjqre lr.kafka jir 30 l tu bvfï meálsßh (Pedigree) mÍlaId lsÍfuka' ta i|yd iqÿiqlï ,;a fkd;dßiajrhl=f.a fyda kS;s{hl=f.a iyh wjYH fjkjd' óg wod< kS;Hdkql+, f,aLk bvï ysñhd i;=j ;sìh hq;= w;r th Èia;%sla bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,fha ,shdmÈxÑ lr ;sìh hq;=uhs'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

´kEu whl=g wjYH;djh u; bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,fha§ fuu m;abre mÍlaId lr ne,sh yelshs' tfia m;abre mÍlaId l< yelafla ;uka i;= bvï j, f,aLk j, muKhs' whs;slre fkdjk wjia:djl§ kS;s{hl=f.a fyda fkd;dßiajrhl=f.a iyh wjYH fjkjd' m;a bre msgm;a ,nd.ekSu i|yd Èia;%sla frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,hg uqoaor .dia;= f.úh hq;=hs' m;abre fidhd.; yelskï tla ojilska ,nd.kak mq¨jka' ;uka i;= Tmamqjl msgm;la jqj;a uqoaor .dia;= f.jd bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,fhka ,nd.kak mq¨jka'

1.3 rcfha bvï rcfha bvï fldgia lsysmhlg fnokak mq¨jka 1. fnodÈh yels bvï 2. fnodÈh fkdyels bvï fnod Èh yels bvï lshkafka fudkjo@ fjk;a úfYaaI lghq;a;la i|yd fjka lr fkdue;s fnod§ug iqÿiq bvï ;uhs fï f,i y÷kajkafka' fïjd ;sfhkafka m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd Ndrfhahs' ^fïjdg biair lSfõ Èidm;sf.a bvï lsh,hs& fï fnodÈh yels bvï j,ska jeä m%udKhla fï jk úg fnod§ wjika' fnodfokak mq¨jka bvï ;j iq¨ m%udKhla b;sß fj,d ;sfhkjd' rch fjkqfjka fï bvï fnodfokak wdh;k .Kkdjla ;sfhkjd' ta w;r bvï flduidßia ckrd,a fomd¾;fïka;=j" m<d;a bvï flduidßia" m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h" Y%S ,xld uyje,s wêldßh" ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh" kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh" bvï m%;sixialrK fldñIka iNdj jf.a wdh;k ;sfhkjd' yenehs fï iEu wdh;khlau fyda ks,Odßfhlau bvï fnod fokafka Bg wod< mk;lg" kS;shlg wkqjhs' Bg mßNdysrj ys;=uf;ag

bvï fnod fokak ldgj;au neye'

6 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

1.4 fmdÿ bvï y÷kd.ekSu fmdÿ bvula lshkafka fmdÿ uyck;djf.a hym; fjkqfjka fjkalr ;nk ,o bvï fldgila' fïjd wkjirfhka w,a,d .ekSu fyda mqoa.,slj mßyrKh lsÍu iudc úfrdaê lghq;a;laa' tjeks wjia:djloS Bg úreoaOùu mqrjeis whs;shla fukau hq;=lula o fjkjd' wod< is;shï mÍCId lsÍfuka iy bvï ms<sn| lghq;= lrk ks,OdÍkaf.ka ^ckmo ks,OdÍ, .%du ks,OdÍ, tall yd fldÜGdY l<ukdlrejka& úuiSfuka lsishï bvula fmdÿ bvula o hkak oek.kak mq¨jka

fmdÿ bvï wdrlaId lr.ekSu i|yd Tfnka ,eìh hq;= odhl;ajh 1. wkjirlrejkaf.ka wdrlaId lr.ekSu i|yd wemlemùu 2. wkjirlrejka w,a,df.k we;akï Tjqka bj;a lsÍu i|yd rcfha ks,OdÍkag iyh ùu 3. fmdÿ bvï wdrlaId lr.ekSu i|yd rcfha ks,OdÍkag iyhùu

1'5 fudkjo fï fnodosh fkdyels bvï @ fnodÈh fkdyels bvï f,i fláfhka y÷kajkafka rlaIs; bvï' ta lshkafka wdrlaId lr.;hq;=" ñksiqkaf.a mqoa.,sl mßyrKhg ,ndÈh fkdyels fyda ,nd fkdÈh hq;= bvï' fnodÈh fkdyels rlaIs; bvï my; oelafjk wdldrhg j¾. l< yelshs' 1. jk cSù rlaIs; ^wNh N+ñ$ jkÔù l,dm& 2. jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j i;= bvï ^le,E bvï& 3. mqrd úoHd rlaIs;$ mQcd N+ñ 4. jdßud¾. rlaIs; yd c, rlaIs; ^.x.d" we<" fod<" jeõ& 5. uyd ud¾. yd ÿïßh ud¾. rlaIs; 6. fjr< yd jrdh rlaIs; 7. iajNdúl rlaIs; ^o< nEjqï iys; bvï& 8. fmdÿ bvï ^;sia nUh$ lS%vd msá$ iqidk N+ñ$ .sks lfmd¨$ iq<x lfmd¨& g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

2.uyck;djg iy wdh;kj,g bvï fnod§ug wod< lr.kq ,nk mk;a fudkjdo @ rch i;= bvï uyck;djg fyda wdh;k fj; kS;Hdkql+,j ,nd§u i|yd n,mj;akd wK mk;a lsysmhla ;sfnkjd' 1. bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d mk; (L.D.O.) 2. rcfha bvï wd{d mk; (C.L.O.) 3. bvï m%Odk ^úfYaI úêúOdk& mk; 4. bvï m%;sixialrK fldñIka iNd mk; 5. cd;sl ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh mk; 6. kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh mk; 7. m<d;a bvï m%{ma;s fï tla tla mk;a úêúOdk yd ksfhda. yd fr.=,dis j, ta ta wdh;k uyck;djg bvï mejeÍug wod< úêúOdk iúia;rj olajd ;sfnkjd' ta wkqj ta ta wdh;k bvï neyer l< hq;= jkafka wod< wK mk;aj, oelafjk úêúOdk wkqjhs'

2'1 rch fjkqfjka bvïj, Ndrldr;ajh orK wdh;k *1. bvï flduidßia ckr,a fomd¾;fïka;=j$ m<d;a bvï flduidßia fomd¾;fïka;=j *2. m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h *3. Y%S ,xld uyje,s wêldßh *4. bvï m%;sixialrK fldñIka iNdj *5. cd;sl ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh *6. kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh 7. jk Ôù ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j 8. jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j 9. mqrd úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j 8 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

10. bvï ksrjq,a lsÍfï fomd¾;fïka;=j 11. fjr< ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j 12. ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j 13. jdßud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=j 14. uydud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=j 15. ;%súO yuqodj 16. Y%S ,xld jrdh wêldßh 17. Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h fïjd w;ßka ck;dj i|yd bvï fnod§ug n,;, we;af;a by; f,aLkfha —;re˜ ,l=Kq oud we;s wdh;kj,g muKhs' wfkla wdh;k j,g ysñlu we;af;a Tjqka fj; mejeÍ we;s j.lSu bgqq lsÍu i|yd bvï mßyrKh lsÍug muKhs'

2'2 mqoa.,fhl=g$ wdh;khlg bvï ,nd.; yels wruqKq 1. mÈxÑhg 2. j.djg 3. jdKsc lghq;=j,g 4. ld¾ñl lghq;=j,g 5. fmdÿ lghq;= i|yd 6. wd.ñl lghq;= i|yd 7. uyd mßudk jHdmD;s i|yd 8. wdfhdack uKav,fha wkqu; jHdmD;s i|yd ^mqoa.,fhl=g by; tla wruqKlg bvï fldgila ,ndoS ;snqk;a fjk;a wruqKlg bvï fldgila b,a,d isàug mq¨jka&

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

2'3 rcfhka bvï fldgila ,nd.kak ;sìh hq;= iqÿiqlï fudkjdoehs fidhd n,uq 1. mÈxÑhg fyda j.djg ;uka i;=j bvula fkdue;sùu mosxÑh i|yd kï rcfhka bvï fldgila ,nd.; yelafla tla jrla muKhs 2. Tn újdylfhla kï tfukau ¥orejka isá kï bvï lÉfÉßfhka mosxÑh i|yd bvï fldgi;a ,eîug úfYaI iqÿiqlula fjkjd 3. rcfha bvï wd{d mk; hgf;a bvï ,nd.ekSfï§ wd¾Ól jYfhka yelshdjla fukau wod< ld¾hh ms<sn|j m%udKj;a oekqulao ;sìh hq;=h'

2'4 rcfhka bvï fldgila ,nd.kafka fldfyduo@

Tn rcfha bvï fldgila ,nd.kak n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd kï m<uqj m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdg fyda wod< n,OdÍkag b,a¨ï m;%hla bÈßm;a l< hq;=hs' 10 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

m%dfoaYSh f,alï tlS b,a¨ïlrejka ,shdmosxÑ lr.ekSfuka wk;=rej bvï lÉfÉßhg le|jkjd' kuq;a fï i|yd fnod§ug iqÿiq bvï ;sfnkakg ´kEuhs. ta jdf.au fldfya yß bvï fnod fok nj oek.kak ,enqfkd;a Tng;a ta i|yd b,a¨ï m;%hla bÈßm;a lrkak mq¨jka' biair kï ñksiaiq lf<a ,Õmd; ;sfhk ysia bvï lene,a,la w,a, .kak tlhs' Bg miafia ks,OdÍkag lsh, talg n,m;%hla yod.kakjd' oeka tfyu ysia bvï fydhkjd lshk tl ÿIalrhs' oekg bvï b;sß fj,d ;sfhkjd kï ;sfhkafka b;d ÿIalr m<d;aj,hs' tajdf.a fmdÿ myiqlï lsisjla ke;s ksid ñksiaiq tajg leue;s keye' myiqlï ;sfnk m%foaYj, msysgd ;sfnk w;HdjYH rlaIs; bvï fldgia ;sfnkjd' kuq;a fïjd w,a, .;a; whg kS;sh bÈßhg hkak isÿjqKd' fï ksid Tng kS;Hdkql+,j bvï lene,a,la .kak ´kE kï ysia bvï msysgd ;sfnk m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYhla y÷kdf.k b,a¨ï m;%hla ilia lr m%dfoaYSh f,alï;=udg fokak ´kE' m%dfoaYSh f,alï;=ud fï ld¾hh lrkafka my; oelafjk wdldrhghs' 1. Tnf.a b,a¨ï m;%h Ndr .kakjd' 2. .%du ks,OdÍ fyda bvï lafIa;% WmfoaYl uy;d u.ska lafIa;% mÍlaIKhla mj;ajkjd' 3. uQQ,sl bvï mÍlaIKhg Tnj le|jkjd' 4. uQ,sl bvï mÍlaIKfhka f;arekq wh bvï flduidßia ckrd,ag fyda m<d;a bvï flduidßia ;=udg fyda fhduq lr wkqu; lrf.k bvï lÉfÉßhla mj;ajkjd' 5. bvï lÉfÉßfha§ f;aÍï ,ehsia;=j m%o¾Ykh lrkjd' 6. úfrdaO;d yd wNshdpkd úNd. lr wjika f;aÍï ,ehsia;=j m%isoaO lrkjd 7. n,m;% ksl=;a lrkjd'

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fï wdldrhg f.dú mx;sfha fyda jeä wdodhï mka;sfha flfkl=g n,m;%hla ksl=;a lrkafka • • • •

mÈxÑhg kï m¾pia 20 lg j.djg yd mÈxÑhg kï wlalr nd.hla ^m¾pia 80 lg& j¾Id fmdaIs; l=Uqrla kï wlalr 1 lg jdß myiqlï we;s l=Uqrla kï wlalr 1 1$2 g

2'5 bvï lÉfÉßhla lshkafka fudllao @ bvï lÉfÉßhla lshkafka rcfha bvï fnod§u i|yd isÿlrk m%isoaO mÍlaIKhla' bvï lÉfÉßfhka f;dard.;a whf.a kdu f,aLkh" úfrdaO;d iy wNshdpkd bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd m%isoaO ia:dkj, oekaùï m<lrkjd' fuu oekaùï mÍlaId lr, hï kqiqÿiq wfhla f;aÍ we;skï Bg úfrdaO;d ,smshla fyda ;ukag wjYH ish¨ iqÿiqlï ;sìh§ f;aÍ fkdue;skï wNshdpkhlaa bÈßm;a lrkak mq¨jka' bkamiqj wNshdpkd yd úfrdaO;d mÍlaIK mj;aj,d wjidk f;aÍï ,ehsia;=j kej; m%isoaO lrkjd' tu ,ehsia;=fõ isák mqoa.,hskag m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska n,m;% ksl=;a lrkq ,nkjd'

12 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

2'6 bvï lÉfÉß meje;aùu 1. by; uQ,sl iqÿiqlï iys; mqoa.,hska ;u f;dr;=re we;=<;a b,a¨ïm;%hla ilia lr m%dfoaYSh f,alï fj; Ndr§ ,shdmÈxÑ ùu ks;suh wjYH;djhls' fufia ,shdmosxÑùu uE;loS y÷kajdÿka l%uhla' 2. m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska mj;ajk bvï lÉfÉßhg bÈßm;a ùu Tfí j.lSuhs ' 3. bvï lÉfÉß u.ska f;aÍ we;s mqqoa.,hskaf.a kï we;=<;a uQ,sl f;aÍï ,ehsia;=j m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska m%isoaO lrkq ,nkjd' f;dardf.k we;s mqoa.,hska i|yd úfrdaO;djla fyda wNshdpkhla we;akï Èk 14 la we;=<; m<d;a bvï flduidßia fyda bvï flduidßia ckrd,a fj; bÈßm;a lsÍug mq¨jka' 4. bka wk;=rej úfrdaO;d mÍlaIK mj;ajd wjika f;aÍï ,ehsia;=j m%isoaO lrkjd' wjika f;aÍï ,ehsia;=fõ i|yka mqoa.,hska fj; §ukd m;% ^kshdok idOk m;%& ,nd§u isÿlrkq lrkjd'

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3.rcfha bvï i|yd ksl=;a lrk ,shú,s ^n,m;%$ Tmamq&

rcfha bvï i|yd lSm wdldrhl kS;Hdkql+, f,aLk ksl=;a lrkjd tajd kï 1. jd¾Isl wjir m;% ^rcfha bvï wd{d mk;& 2. n,m;% fyda wjir m;% ^b ix wd n,m;%$L. D. O. n,m;%&

jd¾Isl wjir m;%hla lsh, lshkafka tla j¾Ihla i|yd muKla ksl=;a lrk wjir m;%hla' fuh ksl=;a lrkafka rcfha bvï wd{d mk; hgf;ahs' fï i|yd iaÓr Tmamqjla b,a,d isàfï whs;shla nÿlreg keye' fujeks jd¾Isl wjir m;%hla ksl=;a lrkafka iaÓrj mjrdÈh fkdyels bvï i|ydhs'

14 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

fïjd ;djld,sl f,aLk jk w;r tlS n,m;% ,nd.kakd mqoa.,hska fldkafoais lvlr we;skï n,m;%lreg l,ska oekaùfuka miqj wj,x.= lrkak mq¨jka' fuu n,m;% w;aika lrkafka m%dfoaYSh f,alï' n,m;%j, msgm;a yd f,c¾ msgm;a m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,fha f.dkqlr ;sfnkjd' uyje,s n, m%foaYj, msysá bvï i|yd n,m;% ksl=;a lrkafka fkajdisl jHdmdr l<uKdlre jk w;r tajdfha msgm;a fldÜGdi ld¾hd,fha ;sfnkjd' n,m;%fha i|yka fldkafoais iïmQ¾K l< miq rch úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk iskaklalr Tmamqjla ^§ukd m;%hla& ,nd.ekSfï whs;sh tu n,m;% lrejkag$ Wreulrejkag ysñfjkjd' fï Tmamqj ksl=;a lsÍfñ§ bvug udhsï .,a oud udhsï msysgqjd ;sìh hq;=hs' n,m;%j, ;udf.ka miqj whs;sh i|yd miq Wreuh kï l< yelshs'

3'1 ìï iúh jevigyk Tn i;= ´kEu bvul ysñlï iúu;a lsÍu rcfha fuu jev igykska isÿfjkjd' fuu jevigykska ksl=;a lrk Tmamqj ysñlï iy;slh f,i y÷kajkjd' ysñlï iy;slhla ,nd.kak kï Tng my; i|yka Tmamqjla ;sfhkak ´kE • iskaklalr Tmamqjla • ksoyia Tmamqjla • iaj¾KN+ñ$ chN+ñ$ biqreN+ñ$ rkaìu Tmamqjla

ìïiúh jevigykska Tng ,efnk m%fhdack 1. Tn N=la;s ú¢k bvfï uekqï lghq;= isÿù is;shï ieliSu 2. bvug n,m;% ksl=;a ùu 3. f.dúmka;sfha kï Tng blaukska Tmamqj ksl=;a ùu 4. Tn i;= bvug wdrdjq,la we;skï thg úi÷ï ,eîu 5. Tng ysñlï iy;slhla ,eîu

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ysñlï iy;slhlska we;s m%fhdack 1. ksrjq,a bvula njg m;aùu 2. mejereula myiqfjka l< yels ùu 3. nexl=jlska myiqfjka Khla ,nd.ekSug yelsùu 4. ,xldfõ ´kEu bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,hlska Tnf.a bvu ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd.; yelsjk whqßka o;a; moaO;shla l%shd;aulùu 5. jxpksl whqßka Tnf.a bvug Tmamq idod.; fkdyelsùu

3'2 n,m;% ysñhl= §ukd m;%hla ^iskaklalr Tmamqjla& ,nd.kafka flfiao@ n,m;%fha we;s fldkafoais Tn úiska bgqlr we;akï §ukd m;%hla$ iskaklalr Tmamqjla ,nd.ekSug m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdf.ka b,a,Sula lrkak mq¨jka' fujeks wjia:djl m%dfoaYSh f,alï;=ud osia;%sla ñkqï wêldÍjrhdg uekqï ksfhda.hla lr bvï ál uek,d udhsï.,a oeñh hq;=hs' m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdg ñkqïfodare wêldßfhka uekqï is;shï weiqfrka f¾Ld Ñ;% ,enqKdg miq §ukd m;% ilia lrkak mq¨jka'

3'3 §ukd m;% ^iskaklalr Tmamq& fïjd ksl=;a lrkafka bvï ixj¾Ok wd{dmk; hgf;a fyda rcfha bvï wd{dmk; hgf;a fyda bvï m%Odk ^úfYaI úêúOdk mk;& hgf;ahs' §ukdm;% hkq ckdêm;sjrhd úiska mqrjeishl=g msßkuk Tmamqjls' §ukd m;%hla ksl=;a lrkq ,nkafka bvï ixj¾Ok wd{dmk; hgf;a uq,ska ksl=;a l< n, m;%fha fldkafoais iïmQ¾K l< mqoa.,hska i|yd muKhs' fuu Tmamqjla ksl=;a lsÍug m<uqj ñkqïm;sf.ka f¾Ld Ñ;%hla ,nd.; hq;=hs' tkï bvï uek udhsï.,a oud is;shula ;sìh hq;=h' tu f¾Ld Ñ;%h §ukd m;%hg weñKsh hq;=h' is;shu wkqj bvfï udhsï yd m%udK Wm f,aLKfha úia;r lr oelafjkjd'

16 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

^l,lg by;§ ksl=;a l< fndfyduhla chN+ñ §ukdm;% j,g tod meje;s kS;s wkqj f¾Ld Ñ;%hla wuqKd ke;&' oSukdm;% j,o fldkafoais lsysmhla yd rlaIs; j.ka;s folla we;' fuu fldkafoais j,g wkqj bvu fldgia l< yels l=vdu m%udKh olajd we;' fuu §ukdm;%fha ckdêm;s;=udf.a m%;srEm w;aik fhdod r;=mdáka rdcH uqødj ;nd ;sfnkjd' fuu §ukdm;%h ,nk mqoa.,hdf.ka miq Tyqf.a l,;%hdg ^ìß| $iajdñhd& bvfï N=la;sh ysñfjkjd' th csú; N=la;sh hkqfjka y÷kajkjd' §ukdm;%lreg fuu bvu i|yd miq Wreulrejl= fyda Wreulrejka kï lrkak mq¨jka' fufia miq Wreulrejl= kï fkdl<fyd;a bvu l,;%hdf.a ^ìß| fyda iajdñhd& Ôú; N=la;sfhka miq jeäuy,a msßñ orejdg Wreufjkjd' m%dfoaYSh f,alï f.ka ,nd.;a wjirhlska miqj fujeks bvï mejÍu fyda úlsKSu lrkak mq¨jka' fufia lrkq ,nk mejÍï bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,fha ,shdmosxÑ l< hq;=h' uq,a msgm; ke;sjqjfyd;a fyda úkdY jqjfyd;a tu ld¾hd,fhka iy;sl l< msgm;la ,nd.; yelsh' whs;sfha fjkila lrk iEu wjia:djlu th ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu wjYHhss'

3'4 rch úiska ksl=;a lrk wfkl=;a ffk;sl ,shú,s my; oelafõ 1. §¾> ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqj ^rcfha bvï wd{d mk;& 2. §ukd m;% ^m%odk m;%$ iskaklalr Tmamqj& fïjd ksl=;a lrkqfha bvï ixj¾Ok wd{dmk; hgf;ah' ^fïjd iaj¾KN+ñ$ chN+ñ$r;akN+ñ$ biqrN+ñ$ rkaìu jYfhka ld,fhka ld,hg úúO kï j,ska y÷kajd § we;& 3. ksoyia §ukd m;%h ^rcfha bvï wd{d mk; hgf;a& 4. kshdok idOk m;%h ^bvï m%Odk úfYAI úêúOdk mk; hgf;a& 5. ysñlï iy;slh ^ysñlï ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï mk; hgf;a& 6. mQcd Tmamqj ^úydria:dk i|yd rcfha bvï wd{dmk; hgf;a& 7. mejereï ksfhda. ^rcfha bvï wd{d mk; hgf;a m<d;a md,k wdh;k i|yd&

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yß mdf¾ .shd kï iqNisxy uy;d yßu m%Yakhl meg,s,d bkafka' nexl=jg Wlia ;shmq bvu iskak fjkak hkjd' tfyu Wfkd;a oekg iqNisxy uy;a;hhhs fkdakhs orefjdhs tlal mÈxÑ fj,d bkak f.or;a Tjqkag ke;s fjkjd' l=,S f.orl mÈxÑ fjkak hkj lsh, ys;kfldg mmqj msÉÑ, hkj jf.a iqNisxy uy;a;hg oekqk' ;uka iudcfha Ôj;afjk úÈyg fuÉpr myiqlï ;sfhk ksjila w;wer, hk tl ;ukag fldfydu fj;;a ;ukaf.a orejkag kï fldfyduj;a ord.kak mq¨jka lula keye lsh, iqNisxy uy;a;hdg ys;=k' iqNisxy uy;a;hd w;S;h u;la l,d' ;uka fï bvu ñ<g .;a yeá;a talg Tmamqj yod.kak m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,hg .sh yeá;a Tyqg u;la Wkd' m%foaYfha ljqre;a okak yÿKk flfkla yeáhg m%dfoaYsh f,alï ld¾hd,fha§ tys ks,OdÍkq;a iqNisxy uy;a;hg ys;j;a lula olajñka ;ukaf.a rdcldÍ lghq;=;a läkñka lr, ÿkakq yeá Tyqg u;la Wkd' rcfhka jegqmla ,nk wd¾Ól jYfhka Yla;su;aj isá ;ukag ks,OdÍka tl;=fj,d chN+ñ Tmamqjla yo, ÿkak yeá;a u;la Wkd' ta;a ;ukaf.a wdodhu wkqj ;ukag chN+ñ Tmamqjla ,eìh fkdyels nj fyda chN+ñ Tmamq fokafka wvq wdodhï ,dNskag lsh, Tyq oekf.k isáfha keye. ks,OdÍka lsh, ÿkafka;a keye' taa;a ;ukaf.a iqÿiqlu wkqj rcfha bvï wd{d mk; hgf;a bvu .kak l,a hkj lsh, lshmq yskaohs nÿ f.jkak lsh, lshmq yskaohs ;ukq;a chN+ñhla .kak leue;s Wkq yeá Ñ;%máhl rEm fm<la jf.a u;lhg wdjd'

18 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

ta;a oeka uqyqKmd, ;sfhk nrm;< .eg¨j úi|d .kafka flfyduo lsh, ys;d .kak nE' WmfoaYhla .kak j;a ;ukag Tmamqj yo.kak Woõ l< ys;j;a ks,OdÍkq;a oeka ld¾hd,fha keye' chN+ñ Tmamqj ,enqkg miafia tal nexl=jg Wlia ;sh, ta bvfï úYd, f.hla yo, ;ukq;a mÈxÑ fj,d bkak .uka ixpdrl ksjdvq ksfla;khla bÈlr, mj;ajdf.k .sh yeá;a Tyqg u;la Wkd' kuq;a meje;s hqO ;;ajh ksid .;a; Kh uqof,a jdßl f.jd.kak neßj ;ukaf.a bvu fjkafoais lrkak nexl=j lghq;= l< yeá;a Tyqf.a u;lhg ke.=kd' nexl=fjka ;uka .;a; Kh uqo,g jvd bvfï jákdlu jeä ksid y;a wgfofklau bvu ñ<§ .kak wdj;a bvug ;sfhkafka chN+ñ Tmamqjla ksid ta wh wdmiq yeß, .sh yeá Tyq isysm;a l<d' yenehs iqNisxy uy;a;hg t;fldg ;uhs oek.;af;a ;ukaf.a wdodhu wkqj §¾> ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqjla bvug wrf.k ;snqK kï tal ´kEu flfkl=g mjrkak mq¨jka nj' tfyu Wkdkï fï bvu ldg yß mjr,d nexl=fõ Kh uqo,;a f.j, mÈxÑhg fjk ;eklska bvï lE,a,la .kak;a ;snqK nj' ta;a oeka b;ska lrkak b;sßfj,d ;sfhkafka nexl=fjka bvu fjkafoais lr, nexl=fõ ish¨ úhoï iu. Kh uqo, mshj .;a;g miafia b;sß fj,d .sfhk uqo,la .kak tl ú;rhs' tal;a b;ska ljo ;uka w;g ,efnhso lsh,hs iqNisxy uy;a;h l,amkd lrkafka'

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3'5 §¾. ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqj ,nd fokafka ldgo @ ´kEu mqoa.,fhl=g fyda wdh;khlg ,nd.; yelshs' by, wdodhï ,dNSkag" uOHu mdx;slhskag" rcfha fiajlhskag fuu nÿ Tmamq ,nd.; yelshs' tfukau kd.ßl iSudjka ;=< msysgd we;s rcfha ljr bvulg jqjo ksl=;a lrkqfha §¾> ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqh' fuu Tmamq ksl=;a lrkafka • • • • • •

fkajdisl bvïj,g jdKsc bvïj,g ld¾ñl bvïj,g lDIs ld¾ñl bvïj,g iñ;s iud.ïj,g wfkl=;a wdh;kj,g

3'6 §¾>ld,Sk nÿlrhla y÷kd .kafka fldfyduo @ 1. fuh rch iy nÿlre w;r we;sjk .súiquls' 2. nÿlre úiska ms<smeÈh hq;= fldkafoais lsysmhla olajd ;sfnkjd' 3. f.úh hq;= Èkh yd nÿ uqo,a olajd we;' 4. ñkqïm;s úiska iy;sl lrk ,o ma,Ekla ^nÿ f¾Ld Ñ;%hla& Tmamqjg wuqKd we;' 5. ñkqïm;s úiska ^i¾fõ ckrd,a& úiska ilialr we;s nÿ f¾Ld Ñ;%h weiqßka bvfï udhsï yd m%udK olajd ;sfnkjd' 6. nÿlrhla ksl=;a lrkafka idudkHfhka jir 30 l ld,hla i|ydhs' ^wjYH;djh mßÈ nÿld,h fjkia jk w;r fmr ld,fhao wkQkj wjqreÿ nÿlr ksl=;a lf<a fï hgf;ah& 7. fuh fomd¾Yjhla w;r jk .súiqula neúka nÿlref.a iy ckdêm;sjrhdf.a w;aik fhdod we;' óg wu;rj uq,a msgmf;a r;=mdáka rdcH uqødj ;nd we; (Embossed Seal). 8. fuu nÿ Tmamq bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,fha ,shdmÈxÑ l< hq;=hs

20 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

3'7 ksoyia §ukd m;% lshkafka fudkjdo @ ksoyia §ukdm;% ksl=;a lrkafka fkajdisl lghq;= i|yd ksl=;a lr we;s §¾>ld,Sk nÿlr ^nÿ Tmamq i|yd& muKhs' fjk;a wruqKq fjkqfjka ksl=;al< oS¾>ld,Sk nÿ Tmamq i|yd ksoyia oSukd m;% ksl=;a lsÍula isÿflfrkafka keye' 1. tfyu Wk;a ckdêm;sjrhdf.a wNsu;h mßÈ fjk;a wjYH;d i|yd ,ndÿka bvï j,g ksoyia §ukd m;%hla ,ndfokak mq¨jka' tfy;a tjeks wjia:d úr,hs' 2. fuu ksoyia §ukdm;%j, lsisÿ fldkafoaishla we;=<;a jkafka keye' bvu ,nkakdg rfÜ wfkl=;a kS;s j,g hg;aj ksoyfia mßyrKh l< yelsh' 3. fulS bvï mejeÍug" fldgia lsÍug" Wlia lsÍug mq¨jka 4. ñkqïm;s úiska ksl=;a l< “ O ” f¾Ld Ñ;%hla (Outright Diagram) §ukd m;%hg wuqKd ;sìh hq;=hs' 5. ckdêm;sjrhdf.a m%;srEm w;aik fhdod r;=mdáka rdcH uqødj ;nd we;'

6. fuu §ukd m;%h bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,fha ,shdmÈxÑ l< hq;=h' fuhg wu;rj rch i;= bvï ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßhg fyda kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßhg ^bvï fldgia uyck;djg fnod§u i|yd& ksoyia §ukd m;%hla u.ska mjrdÈh yelsh' tfia mjrdÿka miq tu wdh;kj,g fkd;dßia Tmamq u.ska tlS bvï fldgia uyck;djg ,ndÈh yelsh'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

3'8 fmdÿlghq;= i|yd fjka lrkq ,nk bvï i|yd fokq ,nk ,shú,s úydrhla$ mqKH wdh;khla$ iñ;s iud.ula fyda ixúOdkhla fj; bvula ,nd.ekSu úúO fmdÿ lghq;= i|yd bvï ,nd.ekSug wjYHjQ úg ta i|yd .;hqq;= l%shdud¾.hla ;sfhkjd' m<uqfjkau ta i|yd fhdod.; yels iqÿiq bvï fldgila y÷kd.; hq;=hs' ta i|yd wod< ixúOdkfha fyda wdh;kfha b,a,Su m%dfoaYSh f,alï fyda wod< n,Odßhd fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;=h' m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska wod< bvu mÍlaIdlr n,d b,a,d we;s ldrKh i|yd tu bvu iqÿiq kï rcfha bvï wd{dmk; hgf;a kdñl nÿ uqo,la ^iq¨ nÿ uqo,la& muKla whlr §¾> ld,Sk nÿlrhla ,nd§ug wjYH wkque;sh .re wud;Hjrhd fj;ska ,nd.ekSug lghq;= lrkjd'

3'9 bvï m%;sixialrK fldñIka iNdj i;= bvï ^L.R.C. bvï& bvï m%;sixialrK fldñIka iNdj i;= bvï rcfha bvï fkdjk neúka fnod§ug iqÿiq bvï y÷kdf.k tajd rcfha bvï njg m%ldYhg m;alrkq ,nhs' my; i|yka iqÿiqlï imqrk mqoa.,hska fj; fuu bvï lsisÿ whlsÍulska f;drj ,nd§u isÿ lrkq ,efí' 1. Y%S ,xld mqrjeishka úh hq;=h 2. bvï fkdue;s mqoa.,hska úh hq;=h 3. jhi wjqreÿ 18 iïmQ¾K lr ;sìh hq;=h 4. bvu msysgd we;s .%du ks,OdÍ fldÜGdYh ;=< wju jYfhka jir 7 l wLKav iaÓr mÈxÑhla ;sìh hq;=h 5. wvq wdodhï,dNSka úh hq;=h

22 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

3'10 ksshdok idOk m;%hla u.ska bvula ,o Tnf.a j.lSï iy hq;=lï • w;s.re ckdêm;s;=ud úiska w;aika lr Tn fj; ,nd§ we;s fuu §ukd m;%h b;du jákd ,shú,a,la neúka th wdrlaId lr .ekSu Tnf.a m%Odk j.lSula fõ' • Tng ,nd§ we;s §ukd m;%h fyd¢ka lshjd f;areï .;hq;=hs' • Tnf.a kfï fyda bvfï udhsïj, fyda m%udKfha fjkila we;akï §ukd m;%h m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd fj; ,nd§ ksjerÈ lrjd .; hq;=hs' • Tn fj; ,eî we;s bvu fyd¢ka ixj¾Okh lsÍu' • Tnf.a bvu i|yd miq Wreulrejl= fyda lsysmfofkl= kï lsÍug mq¨jks' Wreulrejka f,i kïl< yelafla Tnf.a ìß|$ iajdñ mqreIhd fyda f,a {d;shl= muKlss' • Tnf.ka miq bvfï iïmQ¾K whs;sh Tnf.a ìß|g$ iajdñhdg ysñfõ' • ìß|$ iajdñhdf.ka miqj bvfï whss;sh ysñjkafka Tn úiska kï l< miq Wreulreg fyda miq Wreulrejkaghs' • Tn miq Wreulrejka kï fkdlrkafka kï Tnf.ka - ìß|$ iajdñmqreIhdf.ka miq bvu ysñjkafka Tnf.a jeäuy,a msßñ orejdghs' msßñ orejka fkdue;s kï jeäuy,a .eyeKq orejdg whs;sh ysñfõ' f,a {d;shl= fj; fuu bvu mejeÍug wjYH kï m%dfoaYSh f,alï u.ska m<d;a bvï flduidßia$ bvï flduidßia ckrd,a fj; bÈßm;a lr wkque;sh ,nd.; hq;=h'

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4.n,m;% u; iy §ukd m;% u; ,enQ bvï ixj¾Okh lsÍu

rcfhka ,ndÿka bvï fldgi ixj¾Okh lsÍu th ,nkakd úiska wksjd¾hfhkau l<hq;= fohls' fkd tfia kï tjeks bvï m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd úiska wj,x.= lsÍfï wjodkulg uqyqKq mdkak isÿfjkjd' j.dj i|yd ÿka bvula kï tys iaÓr fnda. iy flá ld,Sk fnda. j.d lr tys jeg lfvd¨ fyd¢ka kv;a;= l<hq;= fjkjd' uv bvula kï kshrj,a fhdod wiajeoaÈh hq;=hs' mÈxÑh i|yd ÿka bvula kï tys ksjdih" jeisls<sh" ,s| wdÈh bÈ l< hq;=hs' l¾udka; fyda jHdmdr i|yd ÿka bvula kï tys jHdmdrhla$ l¾udka;hla wdrïN l< hq;=hs' 24 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

mÈxÑh i|yd ,ndÿka bvï ;=< fjku ksjdi lSmhla idokafka kï tu bvï wkq fldgia j,g fnÈh hq;=hs' ta i|yd ñkqï ie,eiaula wod< m<d;a md,k wdh;kfhka wkqu; lr.ekSug isÿfjkjd' bka miqj bÈlrkq ,nk f.dvke.s,af,a ie,iquo wod< m<d;a md,k wdh;kh úiska wkqu; lr.;hq;= fjkjd' wkqu; fkdlr idok ,o f.dvke.s,s lvd bj;a lsÍug m<d;a md,k wdh;k j,g n,h we;s w;r miqj wkqu; lr.ekSug hdfïoS ta i|yd ov uqo,la f.ùug isÿfõ' we;eï m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, jßmkï nÿ iSudfjka msg; msysá m%foaY j, bÈlrkq ,nk f.dvke.s,s i|yd ie,iqu wkqu; lsÍula isÿfkdfõ'

4'1 rcfha bvula ,o Tnf.a hq;=lï yd j.lSï 1. Tn bvu fyd¢ka ixj¾Okh lr cd;sl ksIAmdokhg odhl úh hq;=h' 2. bvfï mfia .=Kd;aulNdjh wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd fidaodmd¨j j<lajd thg ldnksl øjH tlal< hq;=h' 3. bvu ;=< we;s .iafld,ka" me,Eá iy laIqø Ôùka úkdYjk whqßka .sks;eîï isÿ lsÍfuka je<lsh hq;=h' 4. wêl f,i lDñkdYl" j,akdYl yd ridhksl fmdfydr fh§fuka je<lsh hq;=h' 5. mßir iu;=,;;djh iq/flk whqßka bvu mj;ajdf.k hdhq;=hs 6. jegudhsï, lvq¨ iy udhsï.,a fyd¢ka kv;a;= l<hq;=h 7. Tn n,m;%hla ,ndf.k mosxÑù fyda j.d lrk bvug Tmamqjla .ekSug lghq;= lrkjd kï y;r udhsu ñkskafodarejka úiska .,a msysgqjd ,l=Kq l< hq;=hs' fufia hï m%foaYhl udhsñ .,a msysgqjd ilia lrk is;shu wjidk .ï is;shuhs' (FVP) .,a msysgqjd we;s bvï j, iuyr wjia:dj, iajNdúl fya;= u; .,a .e,ùhdu yd .,a ys;d u;du bj;alsÍu olskakg mq¨jka' fujeks wjia:dj, kej; udhsï i,l=Kq lrkakehs

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdf.ka b,a,d isákak mq¨jka' fï i|yd lghq;= lrk wh lÉfÉß ñkskafodarejka lshd y`ÿkajkjd' iuyr wjia:dj, fuu ld¾hh rcfha ñkskafodarejkq;a bgq lrkjd' Tng blaukskau fï ld¾hh lr.; hq;= kï m%dfoaYSh f,alïf.a wkque;sfhka mqoa.,sl ñkskafodarejl= ,jd uqo,a f.jd lr.kak;a mq¨jka'

4'2 Tn i;= bvfï ;sfnk oej m%fhdackhg .kak mq¨jkao @ Tn i;= n,m;% fyda osukdm;% iys; bvï j, Tn úiska j.d l< oej iy iajNdúlj jevqqkq oej m%fhdackhg .kak bvlv ;sfhkjd' yenehs fuu l%shdj,sh fndfyda ie,ls,af,ka hq;=j l, hq;a;la' n,m;%hla fyda Tmamqjla ke;s bvï j, oej bj;alr .kak fldfydugj;a neye' oej bj;a lr.kak kï Tn m,uqfjkau .%du ks,Odß u.ska m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdf.ka b,a,Sula l< hq;= fjkjd' Bg miqj m%dfoaYSh f,alï fyda iyldr m%dfoaYSh f,alï tu ia:dkhg weú;a fidhdn,d bosß lghq;= lr .ia lemSu i|yd wjir m;%hla Tng ,ndosug lghq;= lrkjd' fï wjirh ke;sj .ia lmd fyda ,Õ ;nd.; fyd;a jk ixrlaIK ks,OdÍka$ .%du ks,Odß fyda ckmo ks,OdÍ fyda fmd,Sish meñK Tn iy oej w;awvx.=jg .kak mq¨jka' Tn fufia lmk oej bvfuka neyerg f.kshkak úfYaI oej m%jdyk n,m;%hla ,nd.kak fjkjd' fï úÈyg oej bvfuka neyerg f.kshkak wjir .kak jk ks,Odßhdf.a ks¾foaY ,smsh m%dfoaYSh f,aalïg bÈßm;a lrkak ´kE' ;ykï oej j¾. bvfuka neyerg f.khdu i|yd kï ^l¨jr" nqre;" ñ,a," m¨" l=Uqla" fldfydU" yqß udr hkd§& jk ks,OdÍkaf.ka, m%dfoaYSh f,alïf.ka iy osid jk ks,Odßf.a (DFO) wkque;sh ,eî ;sìh hq;=hs'

26 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

4'3 rcfha bvï ;lafiare lsÍu yd bvï nÿ whlsÍu rcfha bvï fldgila hï mqoa.,fhla fj; rcfha bvï wd{d mk; hgf;a ,nd§fï§ ta i|yd jd¾Islj nÿ whlsÍula flfrkjd' bvu ,ndfok uq,a wjia:dfõ§ m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska tu bvu ms<sn| o< ;lafiarejla isÿ lr tu jákdlfuka 4] l m%udKhla jd¾Isl bvï nÿ f,i wh lrkjd' tfia kuq;a bvu nÿ§u .re bvï wud;H;=ud úiska wkqu; l< miq fuu bvu i|yd úêu;a mßÈ ;lafiarejla ,nd.; hq;=fjkjd' fï i|yd m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska ;lafiare l<hq;= j¾Ih iy bvfï ksYaÑ; m%udKh iy ma,Efka msgm;la m<d;a ;lafiarelre fj; hjkjd' bka miqj m%Odk ;lafiare ks<OdÍka wod< bvug meñK ;lafiarefú§ i,ld ne,sh hq;= lreKq ie,ls,a,g f.k bvfï ÈhqqKq jákdlu iy fkdÈhqKq jákdlu m%dfoaYSh f,alï fj; okajd hjkjd' bka wk;=rej m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska .re weu;s;=ud úiska wkqu; lr we;s mßÈ nÿ uqo,a iy ov uqo,la fyda jdr uqo,la fõ kï th nÿlre fj; okajd hjkq ,nkjd' nÿ whlr .ekSfï§ bvu Ndú;d lrk wruqK wkqj ;lafiare jákdlfuka whlrk m%;sY;h fjkia fjkjd' ksoiqkla f,i fkajdisl lghq;= i|yd ;lafiare jákdlfuka 4] la f,i whl<;a mqKH lghq;= i|yd whlrkafka ;lafiare jákdlñka 0.5 ] muKhs' fï yer ;j;a úúO lghq;= i|yd ;lafiare fomd¾;fïka;=j fj;ska bvï j, fyda f.dvke.s,s j, ;lafiarej ,nd.kakd wjia:d ;sfnkjd' ;lafiare fomd¾;fïka;=j fj;ska ;lafiarejla ,nd.ekSu m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska isÿ lrk ks, lghq;a;la jk w;r fm!oa.,slj rcfha bvï i|yd ;lafiarejla ,nd.ekSfï yelsshdjla keye' ta jdf.au ;lafiarelref.a tu ;lafiarej ms<sn|j iEySug m;afkdjk flfkl=g ta ms<sn|j wNshdpkhla m%Odk ;lafiarelreg fya;= idOl iys;j bÈßm;a lrkak mq¨jka' fuu wNshdpkho bÈßm;a l< yelsjkafka m%dfoaYSh f,alï u.ska muKhss'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

óg wu;rj m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiskao bvï jákdlu ;lafiare lrk wjia:d ;sfnkjd' tfia lrkafka jákdlï iy;sl iy wdodhï iy;sl ksl=;a lsÍfï§hs' mqoa.,hskaf.a úúO wjYH;d fjkqfjka m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska j;alï iy wdodhï iy;sl ksl=;a lrkq ,nkjd' úfYaIfhkau wdodhï iy;sl lsÍu i|yd" Widúhg wem ;eîu i|yd j;alï iy;sl ksl=;a lrkjd' fujeks wjia:djl bvï ;lafiare lsÍfï§ m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska bvfï m%udKh" tys udhsï bvu ;=, isÿlr we;s ixj¾Okhka" bvfï msysàu bvu i|yd we;s m%fõY ud¾." c,h" ÿrl;k úÿ,sh wd§ há;, myiqlï ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a fjñka ;uhs bvu ;lafiarej isÿ lrkq ,nkafka'

4'4 bvï iïnkaOfhka f.úh hq;= nÿ uqo,a fudkjdo @ jd¾Isl nÿ uqo, - jd¾Isl n,m;% i|yd nÿ uqo,la jd¾Islj f.úh hq;=hs' fuh m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,hg fyda bvï ks,OdÍg f.úh yelsh'

§¾> ld,Sk nÿ Tmamq i|yd f.jk nÿ - iEu §¾> ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqjla i|ydu jd¾Islj f.úh hq;= nÿ m%udKh tu nÿ Tmamqfõ i|yka lr ;sfnkjd' tys i|yka Èkhg m%:u tu nÿ uqo, m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,hg$ ksfhdacH bvï flduidßia ld¾hd,hg f.úh hq;=h' kshñ; mßÈ nÿ uqo,a fkdf.õjfyd;a ov uqo,lao f.ùug isÿjkjd' • bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d mk; hgf;a f.dú mx;sfha fkdjk whg .ekqï ñ< whlr n,m;% ,nd§u isÿ lrkjd' tys§ ;lafiare lrk ,o bvfï fkdÈhqKq jákdlu jdßl 10 lska jir 10 la ;=< f.úh hq;=hs' • óg wu;rj bvï i|yd m<d;a md,k wdh;k j,g jßmkï nÿ uqo,a f.úh hq;=hs' fndfyda fofkla fuu jßmkï nÿ iy rchg f.úh hq;= by; i|yka bvï nÿ uqo,a yd jrojd jgyd .kakd wjia:d ;sfnkjd' meyeÈ,sju jßmkï nÿ yd bvï nÿ lshkafka foj¾.hla'

28 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

• ta jdf.au bvï yd iïnkaOj f.dúck fiajd fomd¾;fïka;=jg f.úh hq;= wlalr nÿ lsh, j¾.hla ;sfhkjd' tajd f.úh hq;= jkafka lDIsld¾ñl bvï i|ydhs' fïjd whlr .kq ,nkafka lDIs m¾fhaIK yd ksIamdok iyldr fyda f.dúck fiajd m%dfoaYSh ks,Odß úiskqhs' • flfia fj;;a fuu ljr nÿ uqo,la f.jqj;a th whlr .kakd ks,Odß úiska ta i|yd ,ÿ m;la$ ßisÜ m;la ksl=;a l< hq;=uhs'

by; lS kS;Hdkql+, nÿ uqo,a yer lsisu nÿ uqo,la fjk;a lsisÿ wdh;khlg fyda mqoa.,fhl=g f.ùug wjYH jkafka ke;'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

5.n,m;% msgm;a ,nd.ekSu n,m;%hla lshkafka iaÓr Tmamqjla ,nd.ekSu i|yd wjYH uQ,sl ,shú,a,hs' we;eïúg ld¾hd, j, m%udo fodaI fya;=fldgf.k fïjdfha msgm;a ld¾hd,fha fkd;sfnkak;a ^l<d;=rlska& bv ;sfhkjd' fldfydujqk;a Tng n,m;%fha msgm;la ,nd.ekSu wjYH kï my; i|yka f;dr;=re Tn ,Õ ;sfhkak ´kE' 1. n,m;%fha Pdhd msgm;la $n,m;%fha wxlh yd ksl=;a l< Èkh 2. n,m;%lref.a ku 3. n,m;%fha i|yka bvu whs;s .u 4. bvfï lÜá wxlh, m%udKh yd y;rudhsï 5. okafka kï hdno bvï lÜáj, úia;r fïjd u;lfha ;sfnkjdkï tajd we;=<;a lr .%du ks,OdÍ $ckmo ks,OdÍ u.ska m%dfoaYSh f,alï fj; ,smshla bÈßm;a l<hq;=hs' bka miqj msgm;a ,nd.ekSu i|yd jk .dia;=jg iß,k uqoaor .eiSfuka msgm;la ,nd.kak mq¨jka' n,m;%j, msgm;la jf.au Bg wod< f,crfha msgm;ao iEu m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,hlu f.dKqlr ;sfnkjd' ta ksid n,m;%hl uq,a msgm; wia:dk .; jqjfyd;a fyda úkdY jqjfyd;a tys whs;slre fyda miq Wreulrefjl=g iy;sl l< msgm;la by; lS wdldrhg ,nd.kak mq¨jka'

wia:dk .;jQ fyda úkdYjQ n,m;%hl$ Tmamqjl msgm;la ,nd.kafka fldfyduo @ n,m;%hla $Tmamqjla lshkafka b;du jeo.;a ,shú,a,la' fïjd ke;sjqkdg miafia msgm;a .kak W;aidy lrkjdg jvd ;uka ,Õ ;sfnk uq,a msgm; wdrlaId lr.kak tl ;uhs fyd|u foa' fï i|yd;

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bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

1. yelshdjla we;skï §ukd m;%h$ n,m;%h bá wdjrKhla fhdod ^,eñfkaÜ& wdrlaId lr.ekSu 2. Pdhd msgm;a fyda iy;sl l< msgm;a lSmhla ,ndf.k fjk fjku ;nd.ekSu 3. tla tla Tmamqj$ n,m;%h i|yd fjk fjku iqrlaIs; wdldrfha f.dKqjl nyd ne| ;eîu 4. tfiau f.dKqfõ úia;r igyka lr ;eîu 5. fujeks f,aLk w.=,a oeñh yels ;ekl fyda iqrlaIs; ;ekl ;ekam;a lr ;eîu isÿ lrkak mq¨jkakï jvd fyd|hs'

5.1 §¾> ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqjl$ m%odk m;%hl$ ksoyia §ukd m;%hl$ iskaklalr Tmamqjl ^fkd;dßia Tmamqjl& msgm;la ,nd.kafka fldfyduo @ by;lS f,aLkj, ^iskaklalr$ fkd;dßia Tmamqj, yer& msgm;la m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd, j, ;snqK;a jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka Èia;%sla bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,fha we;s msgm; wdY%fhka Èia;%sla bvï frðiagd¾jrhd úiska iy;sl lrk ,o msgm;la ,nd.ekSuhs' by; lS iEu f,aLkhlau bvï ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï ld¾hd,fha ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfuka wk;=rej tys iEu msgm;lu rn¾ uqødjla ;nd tu Tmamqj fyda ,shú,a, ,shdmÈxÑ lr ;sfnkafka l=uk fj¨fï l=uk msgqfõo ^m;a;srefõo& lsh, igyka lr ;sfhkjd' tfiau by; Tmamq fyda ,shú,s mokï lrf.k ;uhs fkd;dßia Tmamq ,shkafka ^mejÍul§" úlsKsul§" Wlia ;eîul§&' iEu fkd;dßia Tmamqjlu fmr ,shdmÈxÑhla lr, ;sfhkjd kï tu Tmamqfõ by,skau th igyka lr, ;sfnkjd'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

ta wkqj bvï frcsiagd¾ ld¾hd,h fj;ska ,nd.; yels kshñ; whÿï m;%fha ,shdmÈxÑh ms<sn| úia;r igyka lr kshñ; uqoaor b,a¨qï m;%hg we,ùfuka ;ukaf.a Tmamqfõ$ ,shú,af,a iy;sl l< msgm;la ,nd.kak mq¨jka' kuq;a fï b,a¨ï m;%h w;aika lr b,a¨ï l< yelafla bvfï whs;slreg fyda ks;s{ uyf;la fyda fkd;dßia uyf;l=g muKhs' fï ms<sn| jeä úia;r wjYH kï Èia;%sla bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,fhka ,nd.kak mq¨jka'

5'2 Tmamqj, iy n,m;%j, jrola ksjeros lr.kafka fldfyduo@ bvï ixj¾Ok wd{dmk; hgf;a n,m;%h LDO

Tfí n,m;%h lshjd n,kúg my; oelafjk fodaI olskakg ,enqk fyd;a th ksjeros lrjd .; hq;=hs' 1. kfï fodaI 2. bvï lÜá wxlfha fodaI 3. udhsï j, fodaI 4. bvfï m%udKfha fodaI fï i|yd ckmo ks,Odß fyda .%du ks,OdÍ jd¾;dj iu. m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd yuqù lreKq meyeos,s l<hq;= fjkjd' by; fodaI ksjeros lsÍug m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdg mq¨jka'

32 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

6.bvï mejÍu yqjudrej ^úlsKSu& Wlia ;eîu fm!oa.,sl$ iskaklalr bvï whs;slref.a leue;a; yd b,a,Su u; fkd;dßiajrhl= u.ska mjrkak mq¨jka' bvï mejÍu isÿl, yelafla wod< m<d;a md,k wdh;kh wkqu; lr we;s wju iSudj ;=< muKhs' ^iuyr wjia:dj, osukd m;%" n,m;% fjkqjg iuyreka jeros úÈyg fkd;dßia Tmamq ,shkjd' fndfyda wh fïjd ,Õ ;ndf.k úúO rdcldÍ j,g rcfha ld¾hd, j,g tkjd' tfyu tk whf.a wjYH;d bgq lrkak tu ks,OdÍkag yelshdjla keye' ta ksid ;uka ,nd.kakd n,m;% Tmamq ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;aj fidhd n,kak ´kE&' tfiau rcfha bvï i|yd ,nd§ we;s §ukd m;% $§¾>ld,Sk nÿ lr mejÍfï§ úfYaI l%shdud¾. wkq.ukh lsÍug isÿ fjkjd'

ms<sfj<la lr,u ;sífnd;a fyd|hs fkao @ ú,aika uqo,d,s ldf,lg biair fndfydau chgu ìiakia lrf.k .shd' oekakï jhi ksid Tyq tajdhska wE;a fj,d ksoyia Ôú;hla .; lrkjd' ta ldf, uqo,d,sf.a kug wdKavqfjka ,enqk bvug uqo,d,s uykais fj,d nÿ f.j,d Tmamqjla wrf.k ;snqk tl wo uqo,d,sf.a ys;g yß iekiSula' oeka uqo,d,sf.a leue;a; orejka w;r ta bvu fno, §, ksoyia fjkak' ta ksid bvug f.úh hq;= noao f.jkakhs uqo,d,s m%dfoaYsh f,alï yuqfjkak .sfha' ta .shdu ;uhs uqo,d,s oek.;af;a §¾> ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqjla ;sfhk bvula fjk fjku lE,s lv, fjk

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

fjku Tmamq ,shkak neye lsh,' tal uqo,d,sf.a ys;g johla Wk ksid fïl lr.kak úÈyla we;af;u ke;ao lsh, wymq m%Yafkg m%dfoaYSh f,alï;=ud ÿkak W;a;frka miafia ;uhs uqo,d,sg iykhla oekqfKa' ú,aika uqo,d,s m%dfoaYSh f,alï;=ud lshmq úÈyg ñkskafodare uy;aufhla f.ke,a, bvu iudk fldgia 4 lg uek, fnÿï Tmamq yokak ´kE úÈy;a meyeÈ,s lrk ,shqul=;a tlal uq,a nÿ Tmamqj rchg ndr §," rchg Tmamqjla Ndrfok fmda¾uhla mqrj,d ÿkafk blaukgu orejka y;r fokdg fjk fjku Tmamq y;rla yo, bvu mjr, fokakhs' ta ldf, m¾pia 40 la lshkafka f,dl= bvula fkdjqk;a wo ;uka orejkag fok m¾pia 10 todg;a jvd jákj fkao lsh, ú,aika uqo,d,sg ys;=k' bvu msysg, ;sfhkafka lv uKaäh ,`. ksid fyd| jHdmdrhla wdrïN lrkak;a mq¨jka' ta jf.au ;u ;ukag fjk fjku Tmamq ;sfhk ksid nexl=jlska Khla wrf.k jHdmdf¾ ÈhqKq lrkak mq¨jka lsh, ú,aika uqo,d,s;a tlal ta ojia j, b|,u ìiakia lrmq fâúâ uqo,d,s lsõj'

6'1 §ukd m;% ^Tmamq & mejeÍu ^bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d mk; hgf;a ksl=;a l<& bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d mk; hgf;a fuu §ukd m;% ksl=;a lrkjd' tu uq¨ bvu fyda fldgila mejeÍu my; i|yka whqßka isÿ lrkak mq¨jks' bvfuka fldgila mejeÍug woyia lrkafka kï bvfï wju Nd.h" wju fnÿï tallh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka Bg wkql+,j ;u mejÍfï b,a,Su m%dfoaYSh f,alï fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;=hs' ta i|yd

34 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

.%duks,OdÍ jd¾;dj$ ckmo ks,OdÍ jd¾;djo wjYH fjkjd' n,m;% j, fyda oSukdm;% j, tu bvu fnosh yels wju m%udKh fldmuKo lsh, igykaj ;sfhkjd' biair kï ta m%udKh wlalr nd.h" wlalr ld, lsh, igyka lr, ;snqkd' wo ld,fha bvï ys. ksid fuu m%udKh m¾pia 10 olajd lÜá lrkak mq¨jka njg by, ks,OdÍka ;Skaÿ lr, ;sfhkjd' os¾> ld,Sk nÿ n,m;%hl kï m¾pia fol yudr olajd l=vd lrkak mq¨jka' b,a,Su .ek m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd .%du ks,OdÍ yd ckmo ks,OdÍ f.a ks¾foaYh ms<sn|j iEySug m;ajQfha kï kS;s{ uyf;l= ,jd mejereï Tmamq flgqïm;la ilia lrf.k bÈßm;a lrk f,i whs;slreg oekqï fokq ,nkjd' wod< flgqïm; m%dfoaYSh f,alï fj; bÈßm;ajQ miq th úêu;aj ilialr bÈßm;a lr we;s ^§ukd m;%fha i|yka fldkafoais flgqï m;g o we;=<;aj we;skï yd kshñ; wju Nd.h, wju fnÿï tallhg .e,fma kï muKla& flgqï m;g wkque;sh ,smshla u.ska wod< kS;s{jrhdf.a kug ,ndfokjd' I. m%dfoaYSh f,alïf.a tlS wkqu; ,smsh iu. fkd;dßia Tmamqj msgm;a 3 lska ilia lr Èia;%sla bvï frðiagd¾jrhd fj; bÈßm;a lr ,shdmÈxÑ lrjd.; hq;=h' II. ,shdmÈxÑ lrk ,o fkd;dßia mejereïlrfha uq,a msgm; §ukdm;%lre$ mejereï,dNshd fj;o" fojk msgm; m%dfoaYSh f,alï fj;o, ;=kajk msgm; bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,fhao ;nd.kakjd' miql,loS wmg wkqmsgm;la ,nd.ekSu wjYH kï th ,nd.eksug bvï frcsiagd¾ ld¾hd,fha we;s fï ;=kajk msgm; jeo.;afjkjd' yenehs ta i|yd fkd;dßia Tmamqj ,shk ,o fkd;dßia$ kS;s{jrhdf.a ku" Tmamqfõ wxlh yd ,shdmosxÑ l< oskh wjYH fjkjd' ta ksid tu f;dr;=re u;l ysák ;ekl igyka lr ;eîu jeo.;a' bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o §ukd m;%j, w;=re fnÿï tallh iy wju Nd.h hkqfjka ldrKd folla §ukd m;%fha fldkafoais j, i|yka fjkjd' th f;areï .kak tl wmg m%fhdackj;a' w;=re fnÿï tallh lsh, lshkafka §ukd m;%h u.ska g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

,nd§ we;s bvu fldgia lrkak mq¨jka lE,s .Kkhs' WodyrK úÈyg w;=re fnÿï tallh m¾pia 40 kï §ukd m;%h wlalr 1 la i|yd kï w;=re fnÿï tallh jkafka wlalr 1$4 ls' tkï m¾pia 40 hs' wju Nd.h lsh, lshkafka thu Nd.hla f,i oelaùuhs' by; WodyrKh wkqj wlalr 1 la jQ bvfï wju fnÿï tallh m¾pia 40 kï wju Nd.h jkafka wlalr 1$4 hs.

6'2 §¾>ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqjla mejeÍu fï i|yd uQ,sl fldkafoais folla iïmQ¾K lr ;sìh hq;=h. 1. bvu nÿÿka wruqK fjkqfjkau fhdojd f.k ;sìh hq;=h' 2. nÿ uqo,a ys`.hlska f;drj f.jd ksrjq,aj N=la;s ú| ;sìh hq;=h I. by; lreKq iïmQ¾K lr we;akï kS;s{ uyf;l= ,jd ilia lrjd.;a mejereï Tmamq flgqïm; iu. nÿlref.a b,a,Su .%du ks,OdÍ iy ckmo ks,OdÍ ks¾foaYh iys;j wod< m%dfoaYSh f,alï fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;=fjkjd' II. tlS mejereï Tmamq flgqïm; mj;akd j¾Ih olajd nÿf.jd we;s nj ikd: lrk iy;slhla yd m%dfoaYSh f,alïf.a ks¾foaYh m<d;a bvï flduidßia$ ksfhdacH bvï flduidßia u.ska bvï flduidßia ckrd,a fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;=hs' III. bvï flduidßia fj; wod< ,sms f,aLk ,o miq lr we;s mejereï Tmamq flgqï m; uq,a nÿ i|yka fldkafoais ish,a, we;=<;aj ilialr ,sÅ; wkque;sh kshñ; wdlD;sh u.ska msgm;a m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd fj; tjkq ,nkjd'

36 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

bÈßm;a Tmamqfõ we;akï ;=klska

IV. m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska bvï flduidßiaf.a ,sÅ; wkque;sh wod< kS;s{ uy;dg$ fkd;dßiajrhdg ,ndÿka miq Tyq úiska wkqu; flgqï m; mßÈ Tmamqj ilia lr bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,fha ,shdmÈxÑ lr msgm;la m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd fj;o uq,a msgm; mejreï,dNshd fj;o oshhq;= fjkjd' tfy;a §¾>ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqjlska bvfuka fldgila muKla mjrdÈh fkdyelshs.

6'3 ksoyia §ukd m;%hla mjrd §u ^rcfha bvï wd{d mk; hgf;a ksl=;a l<& ksoyia §ukd m;%hla hkq rchg lsisÿ ne¢ula fkdue;sju ish¨ whs;sjdislï iys;j iskaklalrj mjrd ÿka bvuls' ta wkqj fujeks bvula mejeÍug rcfha wjirhla wjYH jkafka ke;' ta;a fldgia lr úl=Kkjd kï tu fldgil wju m%udKh wod, m<d;a md,k wdh;kh úiska wkqu; lr we;s m%udKhg jvd l=vd fkdúh hq;=hs' fkd;dßiajrhl= bÈßfha mejereï Tmamqjlg w;aika ;eîfuka fujeks bvula mjrd§ug yelshdj ,efnkjd'

6'4 rcfhka ,enqKq Tmamqjla nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k fj; Wlia lsÍu i|yd l<hq;=foa 6'4'1 §ukdm;% ^chN+ñ" iaj¾K N+ñ" r;akN+ñ" biqreN+ñ" rkaìu& mk;ska wjir ,eî we;s nexl=jla$ uQ,H wdh;kh fj;ska Wlia Tmamq flgqïm;la ilia lrjdf.k ta i|yd m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd ,nd fok ,sÅ; wkque;sh u; Wlialrhla ilialr ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfuka nexl=jla$ uQ,H wdh;khla fj; §ukd m;%hla Wlia lrkak mq¨jka'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

6'4'2 §¾>ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqj wod< uQ,H wdh;kh fj;ska Wlia Tmamq flgqïm;la ilia lrjdf.k th m%dfoaYSh f,alï yd m<d;a bvï flduidßia$ ksfhdacH bvï flduidßia u.ska bvï flduidßia ckrd,a fj; bÈßm;a lr ,sÅ; wkque;sh ,nd.; hq;=h' bvï flduidßia ckrd,af.a ,sÅ; wkque;sh u; Wlia Tmamqj ,shdmosxÑ lrjd.; yelshs'

fï i|yd wod< ìï fldgi kshñ; ld¾hhg fhdodf.k ;sìh hq;= w;r ys.hlska f;drj nÿuqo,a f.jd ;sìh hq;=h. 6'4'3 ksoyia §ukdm;% ksoyia §ukd m;%hla Wlia ;eîug rcfha lsisÿ ks,Odßhl=f.ka wkque;shla ,nd.ekSu wjYH fkdfõ' uQ,H wdh;khla u.ska ilia lrkq ,nk Wlia Tmamqjla u.ska idudkH kS;sh hgf;a Wlia ;eìh yelsh'

6'5 bvï §ukd m;% yd n,m;% wj,x.= lsÍu bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d mk; hgf;a m%odk m;%hla ksl=;a lr we;akï th wj,x.= lsÍfï yelshdjla keye' tfy;a m%odk m;%fha whs;slreg ;ukaf.a leue;af;ka bvu rchg Ndr§fuka wj,x.= lrkak mq¨jka' ta jdf.au m%odk m;%fha whs;slre fyda Tyqf.a Wreulrejl= fidhd.; fkdyels kï ta jdf.a wjia:djl §ukdm;%hla wj,x.= lsÍug n,h ;sfnkjd' n,m;%hla kï m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdg wj,x.= lrkak mq¨jka' ta my; i|yka fya;= u; muKhs' 1. mÈxÑ fkdùu 2. ixj¾Okh fkdlsÍu 3. kS;shg mgyeks wdldrfhka wkai;= lsÍu tfyu wj,x.= lrkjd kï ta i|yd m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd úiska kshñ; wdlD;s m;%fhka n,m;%lreg oekaúh hq;=hs' tys§

38 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

n,m;%lreg n,m;%h wj,x.= fkdlrkak fya;= olajkak whs;sh ;sfnkjd' fï ms<sn|j Tnf.a úfYaI wjOdkh jf.au wjosfhka isàu Tfí bvfï whs;sh wdrlaId lr.ekSug Wmldr fjkjd' ta jdf.au n,m;%hla iys; bvulg oSukd m;%hla ,nd.ekSug whs;sh ,efnkafka;a bvu fyd¢ka ixj¾Okh lr we;skï muKhs' th;a Tnf.a úfYaI wjOdkhg fhduqúh hq;= lreKla'

6'6 rchg bvï mjrd .ekSu$ w;am;a lr .ekSu rchg bvï mjrd.ekSu foúÈhlg isÿ fjkjd' 1. rch i;= bvula hï mqoa.,fhla wkjirfhka w,a,df.k we;súg wkjirlre fkrmdyer N=la;sh kej; rchg mjrd .kafka rcfha bvï ika;lh wdmiq .ekSfï mkf;a úêúOdk hgf;ah' 2. rch úiska n,m;% fyda §ukd m;% u; ÿka bvï wdmiq rchg mjrd .ekSu - th isÿlrkafka bvï w;am;a lr.ekSfï mk; hgf;ahs' fï hgf;a mqoa.,hd úiska lrkq ,en we;s ixj¾Okh i|yd yd bvu i|yd rchg Tyq úiska f.jd we;s uqo,la fõ kï ta i|ydo bvu w;am;a lr.kakd wdh;kh úiska jkaos uqo,la f.úh hq;=hs' ta jdf.au fufia bvï w;am;a lr.ekSu i|yd mqj;am;a oekaùï" .eiÜ ksfõok m< lsÍï" jkaos iy ysñlï mÍlaIK meje;aùu wdoS oSS¾> l%shdj,shla isÿl< hqq;= fjkjd' 3. mqoa.,hska i;= iskaklalr bvï rdcH wjYH;djh u; rchg mjrd .ekSu;a bvï w;am;a lr.ekSfï mk; hgf;au isÿlrkjd' fï i|yd o by; fþoh hgf;a oelajQ mßos bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï mkf;a úêúOdk mßos isÿl< hq;= ld¾hhka rdYshla mj;skjd'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

6'7

bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrkq ,nk §ukd m;%h iy rcfha bvï wd{d mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrk §¾>ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqj w;r fjkialï iy m%fhdack

lreK

bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d rcfha bvï wd{d mk; mk;

bvï fnodfok wdldrh

bvï lÉfÉß l%uh ;=,ska iy wkjir bvï kshudkql+, lsÍfuka

bvï lÉfÉß l%uh bvï fjkafoaish fgkav¾ lsÍu yd wkjir kshudkql+, lsÍu i|yd .re weu;s;=udf.a wkque;sfhks

bvï ,ndfok wruqK

mÈxÑhg yd j.djg

´kEu wruqKla i|yd j.djg, mÈxÑhg, jdKsc, ld¾ñl lghq;=, wd.ñl, fmdÿ, l%Svd yd úfYaI jHdmD;s i|yd

,ndfokafka ld i|ydo@

f.dúhkag wvq wdodhï,dNskag, W.;a ;reKhskag, yd jeä wdodhï,dNskag Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishkag

mqoa.,hska yd wdh;k fj;, rcfha fiajlhska, uOHu mdx;slhska, by< wdodhï,dNskag, iñ;s iud.ï, jHjia:dms; uKav,, m<d;a md,k wdh;k wd§ ´kEu mqoa.,hl= fj; fyda wdh;k fj; Y%s ,dxlsl mqrjeishka fkdjk whgo ,nd.; yelsh

bvï ,ndÈh yels m%foaYh yd m%udKh

40 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

kd.ßl m%foaYj, ´kEu m%foaYhl msysá bvï jdKsc bvï fï mk; fï hgf;a ,ndÈh yel hgf;a ,ndÈh fkdyel ,ndfok m%udKfha iSudjla úYd, m%udKfha bvï ke; lÜá neyer l< fkdyel

,ndfok f,aLk$Tmamqj

m<uqj n,m;% ,nd§ tys i|yka fldkafoais bgq l< miq fojkqj §ukd m;% ^iskaklalr Tmamq& ,ndfoa

m<uqj nÿ ,smshla ^wjirh& ,nd§ miqj §¾> ld,Ska nÿ Tmamqj ksl=;a lrhs. fkajdisl lghq;= i|yd ,ndÿka bvï i|yd muKla ksoyia §ukd m;% ^iskaklalr Tmamqj& ,ndfoa

fjk;a úfYaI ,laIK

n,m;%h w;aika lrkq ,nkafka m%dfoaYSh f,alï úisks

Tmamqjg w;aika lrkqfha ckdêm;sjrhd úisks

fldkafoais lvlsÍu u; fuh fomd¾Yjhla tkï n,m;%h wj,x.= l< ckdêm;sjrhd yd nÿlre yelsh w;r jk .súiquls nÿ whlsÍu;a isÿ fkdflf¾

jd¾Isl nÿ uqo,a f.úh hq;=h Tmamqjg f¾Ld Ñ;%hla wuqKkq ,efí

fkdñf,a ,ndfoa §ukd m;%h ,ndfok wjia:dfõ§u bvu i|yd udhsu .,a oud Tmamqjg f¾Ld Ñ;%hla weñKsh hq;=hs

bvï ,shd mÈxÑ lsÍfï ld¾hd,fha ,shd mÈxÑ flf¾

§ukd m;%hg w;aika lrkq ,nkafka ckdêm;sjrhd úisks §ukd m;%hla ish leue;af;ka rchg NdrÈh yelssh wj,x.= lsÍug §ukdm;% lref.a leue;a; wjYHfõ

.súiqu tal md¾Yslj wj,x.= l< fkdyelsh mejÍug fyda Wlia lsÍug yelsh bvfuka fldgi mjrd Èh fkdyel msgm;a ,nd.; yelsh miq Wreuh kï lsÍug ksYaÑ; m%;smdok fkdue;

§¾> ld,Sk Tmamq fyda ksoyia §ukd m;% iys; bvï j,g mejeÍu l< yels rfÜ idudkH kS;sh mßÈ kuq;a th mkf;a olajd lghq;= flf¾ we;s iSudjkag hg;aj isÿl< hq;=hs

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

fjk;a úfYaI ,laIK

;=kajk Wmf,aLkfha {d;sfhl=g fyda f.dú jHdmD;sfha wfhl=f.ka msgia;r wfhl=g mejeßh fkdyel wkqu; uQ,H wdh;k j,g Wlia l< yelsh urKska miqj ìß|g ðú; N=la;sh ysñfõ miq Wreuh kï l< yelsh miq Wreuh kï fkdl< úg jeäu,a mq;dg whs;sh ,efí msgm;a ,nd.; yelsh bvï ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï ld¾hd,fha ,shdmÈxÑ flf¾

by; ixikaokhg wkqj jeä wdodhï,dNSkag$ uOHu mdx;slhskag rcfha bvula fjkqfjka ,nd.; yelafla §¾>ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqjla muKs' ta i|yd rchg nÿ uqo,la f.ùug isÿjqjo jvd;a M,odhl jkafka rcfha bvï wd{dmk; hgf;a §¾>ld,sk nÿ Tmamqjla ,nd.ekSuhs' tho ,nd.kqfha fkajdisl lghq;= i|yd kï ksoyia §ukd m;%hla ,nd.ekSfï whs;sh Tng we;'

42 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

7.Ôú; N=la;sh Ôú; N=la;sh hkq bvï ixj¾Ok wd{dmk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrk n,m;%hl fyda §ukd m;%hl whs;slre ñh.shdhska miqj tu bvu N=la;s ú£ug ,efnk ysñluhs' fuys§ whs;slre iajdñhd kï Ôsú; N=la;slre jkafka Nd¾hdjhs' bvfï whs;slre Nd¾hdj kï Ôú; N=la;slre jkafka iajdñhdhs' miq Wreulrejl= kïlr isáho fkdisáho" Ôú; N=la;shg ndOdjla we;s fkdfõ' n,m;% wjia:dfõ§ n,m;%lre ñh.sh úg Ôú; N=la;slre kñka §ukd m;%hla ksl=;a l< yelsjqjo Ôú; N=la;slre jk Tyqg fyda wehg miq Wreulrejl= kï lsÍu fyda ;uka leue;s wfhl= fj; mjrd §fï whs;sh ysñ jkafka keye' bvu úlsKSu, fldgia lsÍu fyda úlD;s lsÍu yer fjk;a ´kEu wdldrhlska N=la;s ú¢h yelsh' bvu ixj¾Okh lsÍfï whs;sho Tyqg we;'

7'1 bvula iïnkaOfhka lshefjk mrjY;djh hkqfjka woyia jkafka l=ulao@ mrjY;djh lsh, lshkafka bvula u; ;j;a flfkl=g N=la;s ú¢ug we;s lsishï ysñluls' WodyrKhla úÈyg ud¾. mrjY;djh lsh, lshkafka ud¾.hla Ndú;d l<d kï th È.gu Ndú;d lsÍug we;s whs;shhs'

7'2 uq,a Wreuh miq Wreuh wkqm%dma;sh lshkafka fudllao@ fuu ldrKd wod, jkafka bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrkq ,nk n,m;% yd §ukd m;% ^iaj¾K N+ñ" chN+ñ" r;ak N+ñ" biqre N+ñ yd rka ìu& i|yd iy bvï m%odk ^úfYaI úêúOdk& mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrKq ,nk kshdok idOk m;% i|ydhs' g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

§ukd m;%hl$ n,m;%hl whs;slre uq,a Wreulre jYfhka jHjydrfha mj;S' n,m;%hl fyda §ukd m;% i|yd miq Wreuh kïl< yelsh' uq,a n,m;%lre fyda §ukdlre ñh.sh miqj miq Wreulre f,i kï lr we;s whg$ whj¨kag uq,a whs;sh ,nd§u isÿflfrkjd' fuys§ n,m;%hloS kï n,m;%lref.a ku ixfYdaOkh lsÍfuka fyda §ukd m;%hl kï m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd úiska bvï frðiagd¾ fj; hjkq ,nk iïmQ¾K lrk ,o wdlD;s m;%hla u.ska miq Wreulre fj; uq,a Wreuh ,ndoSu isÿlrkjd'

jro ldf.o @ isßmd, oeka ojia lSmhl b|,d oy wf;a l,amkd lrkjd' f.or wh tlal jeä l;dnyl=;a keye' jev lghq;=;a w;miq fjkjd' fjkod ks;ru j;af;a jevl fhÿk isßmd, oeka ìujegqKq fmd,a w;a;la j;a lm,d odkak Wkkaÿjla keye' isßmd,f.a ysf;a ;sfhk m%Yak lgla wer, f.or orejl=g yß lshkak yhshla isßmd,g keye' isßmd,f.a f.or wh ta lshkafka isßmd,f.a wïuhs ;d;a;hs whshhs wlalhs .fï fndfydau i;=áka iu.sfhka cSj;a jqKq mjq,la' isßmd,f.a whsh rcfha /lshdjla ,eì, .fuka msgjqfka oekg wjqreÿ lsysmhlg l,ska' thd oeka tfya iaÓrju mÈxÑ fj,d' wlal;a újdy fj,d w,a,mq .fï bkafka' wka;sug uyf.or b;sß jqfka wïuhs ;d;a;hs isßmd,hs' mjqf,a nd,hd ksid uyf.or mÈxÑ jqk isßmd, oreu,a,ka iu. fuf;la l,a i;=áka Ôj;a jqkd'

44 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

ta;a Th w;frÈ ;uhs yÈis wk;==rlska tla ;eka jqkq isßmd,f.a ;d;a;d ke;sjqfka' ;d;a;f.a urKska miafia wïu;a f,v .dfkaa' ;d;a;f.a wjqreoafoa odfkg biair, f.or w¨;ajeähd lrkak Khla .kak ys;=j isßmd, f.or bvfï Tmamqj ;d;a;f.a kñka ;snqK ksid tal yrjd .kak m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,hg .shdu ;uhs fï m%Yafka u;=jqfka' ks,Odßka lshk úÈyg oeka wïug bvfï whs;shla keye' wïug ;sfhkafka Ôú; N=la;sh ú;r¨' wïu bvu isßmd,f.a kug ,shkak leue;s jqj;a talg kS;sfhka bvla ke;s¨' ta ksihs isßmd, wE; m<d;l bkak whshg ÿrl:kfhka l;d lf,a' ta fj,dfõ whshd f.or fkdisá ksid isßmd, ldrKh kEkg lsõj' wlald lsõfõ u,a,sfha wms;a fï ;sfhk foaj,a orejkag §, ,`.§u .fï mÈxÑhg tkakhs ys;df.k bkafka. wmg ;sfhkafk;a Th wlalr ndf.a ú;rhs lsh,d' isßmd,f.a wïuhs ;d;a;hs fokaku lsh lshd ysáfha wfmka miafia fï bvuhs f.hhs isßmd,g ;uhs lsh,hs' wïuhs ;d;a;jhs ;kshu od, hkak neß ksihs isßmd, uyje,sfhka bvï fok fj,dfõ tajg j;a b,a¨ï lf¾ ke;af;a' ta ú;rla fkfjhs Khla wrf.k uykaisfj,d j;af;a fmd,a j.d lf,a fï bvu ;uqkag ysñjk ksihs' ta;a wïuhs ;d;a;hs fokaku isßmd,g fokak ys;df.k ysáh bvu oeka whshg ´kE fj,d' ;d;a; Ôj;=ka w;r bkak ldf,a fï bvfï Tmamqjg miq Wreuh kïlrkak mq¨jka lu ;sì, ;sfhkjd' ke;akï wka;su leue;s m;%fhka yß isßmd,g ,shkak mq¨qjka lu ;sì, ;sfhkjd' ta .fï, m<d;a Èk .Kkdjla ;snqK;a tajdfha§ fï foaj,a .ek yßhg oekqj;a flrefka keye' oeka isßmd, wirK fj,d lr lshd .kak fohla keye'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d mk; hgf;a Tn fj; ksl=;a lr we;s n,m;% fyda §ukd m;% bvug Tfnka miqj fuu bvu ,eìh hq;af;a ldgo lsh,d l,a fõ,d we;sj ;SrKh lr,d miq Wreuh fyda miq Wreu lrejka kï lrkak mq¨jka' tfyu miq Wreulrefjla fyda miq Wreulrejka kï lsÍu Tfí j.lSula hq;=lula' isßmd,f.a ;d;a; ta foa lr, ;snqK kï isßmd, wo m%Yakhla fjkafka keye' rcfha ks,OdÍkaf.a j.lSu ;uhs fï .ek ck;dj oekqj;a lsÍu '

7'3 miq Wreulre hkqfjka ye|skafjkafka ljfrlao @ bvfï n,m;%lre$ §ukdm;%lref.a leue;a; mßÈ Tyqf.ka miqj tlS bvï fldgia i|yd ,efnk ysñlu miq Wreuhhs' ^wkqm%dma;shhs& n,m;%lreg fyda §ukd m;%lreg ;udf.ka miqj bvu Wreuúh hq;af;a ldg oehs hkak l,a we;sj kïlr ;eîug bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d mk; hgf;a bvlv i,id ;sfnkjd' fï wkqj n,m;%hl kï m%dfoaYSh f,alï fj; lrkq ,nk b,a,Sulg wkqj n,m;%fha miq Wreuh kï lsÍu fyda fjkia lsÍu isÿlrkak mq¨jka' fï i|yd ckmo ks,OdÍ$ .%du ks,OdÍf.a ks¾foaYh ,nd.kakjd' bvfï m%udKh yd n,m;%fha fldkafoais wkqj miq Wreulrefjl= fyda Wreulrejka lsysm fofkl= kï l< yelsh' n,m;%fha" tys ld¾hd, msgmf;a iy f,crfha hk f,aLk ;=fkau miq Wreuh igyka fldg wdod< n,Odßhd úiska w;aika lr Èkh yd ks, uqødj fhÈh hq;=h' th tfia isÿjkafkaoehs wjOdkfhka isàu jvd;a iqÿiqhs' fï ms<sn|j n,OdÍkaf.ka úuid ne,Sug Tng whs;shla ;sfhkjd' Tfí §ukdm;%hl kï miq Wreuh kï lsÍu fyda fjkia lsÍu bvï flduidßiaf.a —155˜ wdlD;sh u.ska isÿl< hq;= fjkjd' tu wdlD;s 46 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

m;%h mqrjd iduodk úksYaphlrefjl= u.ska iy;sl lrjdf.k m%dfoaYSh f,alï u.ska bvï frðiagd¾ ld¾hd,hg hjd ,shdmÈxÑ lrjd.; hq;=hs' miq Wreuh kï lsÍu fyda ixfYdaOkh lsÍu bvï frcsiagd¾ ld¾hd,fha ,shdmosxÑ lsÍu n,m;%lref.a$ §ukdm;%lref.a urKhg fmr isÿù ke;akï th kS;Hdkql+, jkafka keye' iuyr wjia:dj, bvï ysñlï ;sfnk wfma jeäysáhkag, tajdfha miq Wreu ^fojeks Wreuh& igyka lrkak neß fjkjd' fï jdf.au fjk;a Tmamq j¾. we;s bvï j, whs;sh;a wka;su leue;s m;%hlska u.ska mjrd fokak mq¨jka' bvï ysñlrefjl=g wka;su leue;s m;% lsysmhla Wk;a ,shkak mq¨jka' ta;a j,x.= fjkafka wjidkhgu ,shmq ,shú,a,hs' fulS ,shú,a, bvï ysñlref.a urKfhka udi 3 la .; jkakg fmr wêlrKhg bosßm;a lr n,.kajd .; hq;=hs' fufia n,.kajd ksl=;a lrk ,shú,a, —fm%dfíÜ˜ n,m;%h jYfhka y÷kajkq ,nkjd' Widú frcsiagd¾f.a ,shqu iy fuu n,m;%h Tnf.a ks;S{hd u.ska bvï frcsiagd¾g bosßm;a lsÍfuka ,shdmosxÑ lr.kak mq¨jka' • miq Wreulrejl=$ lrejka kï lsÍu n,m;%lref.a$ §ukdm;%lref.a leue;a; mßÈ ´kEu jdr.Kkla isÿlrkak mq¨qjka' • miq Wreulrejl= f,i kïl< yelafla n,m;%lref.a $§ukdm;%lref.a l,;%hd ^iajdñhd fyda Nd¾hdj& fyda f,a {d;sfhla muKhs' bvï ixj¾Ok wd{dmkf;a ;=kajk Wmf,aLkfha fuu f,a {d;Ska ljqrekaoehs my;ska i|yka lr ;sfnkjd' bka mßNdysr wfhl= kï l< fkdyelshs'

7'4 ;=kajk Wmf,aLkhg wh;a {d;Ska* 1. mq;%hka 2. ÈhKshka 3. uqKqmqrka 5. mshd 6. uj 7. ifydaorhka 9. udu,d 10. kekao,d 11. nEk,d

4. ñKsìßhka 8. ifydaoßhka 12. f,a,s,d

* (bvï ixj¾Ok wd{d mkf;a 51 yd 72 j.ka;s - ;=kajk Wmf,aLkh bvï ld¾hh ix.%yfha 35 msgqj& g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

hïlsis n,m;%lrefjla fyda §ukdm;%lrefjla fyda ;ukaf.a n,m;%hg fyda §ukd m;%hg miq Wreulalrefjl= kï fkdlr ñh.shfyd;a Tyqf.a$ wehf.a l,;%hdg ^iajdñhdg$ Nd¾hdjg& ta bvfï Ôú; N=la;sh ysñfjkjd' bvï lghq;= j,oS l,;%hd lsh, lshkafka whs;slref.a iajdñhd fyda Nd¾hdjhs' ´kEu bvul whs;slref.a urKfhka miqj miq Wreulrejkag n,h mejfrkafka l,;%hdf.a urKfhka miqjh' fï ksid Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a cSú;h wjika jk ;=reu fï bvu N=la;s ú£fï jru ,efnkjd' yenehs l,;%hd kej; újdyhla lr.;af;d;a Tyqg fyda wehg ta whs;sh wysñ fjkjd' l,;%hdf.a urKfhka miqj tu bvfï Wreuh ,efnkafka fï f,aLkfha i|yka wkqms<sfj<g jeäu,au flkdg muKhs' ta lshkafka miq Wreuhka kï lr fkdue;s kï bvu fld;rï úYd, jqj;a ,efnkafka tla wfhl=g muKhs' ÿfjl=g uq,a Wreuh ,efnkafka mqf;la ke;skï ú;rhs' ÿj,d mq;d, fof.d,af,du ke;skï ;uhs ;=kajk Wmf,aLkfha {d;Ska f,i bkak uqKqmqfrl=g ,efnkafka' by;ska i|yka l, ldKavj,g wh;a {d;Ska ke;akï mshd uj wd§ jYfhka bka bÈßhg ;=kajk Wmf,aaLKfha i|yka {d;shl=g uq,a Wreuh ysñfjkjd' yenehs fï ;=kajk Wmf,aLkh wkqj jeäuy,a msßñ orejdg muKla bvfï whs;sh ,eîu fya;=fjka iudc .eg¨ /ila j¾;udkfha we;sfj,d ;sfhkjd' fï Wmf,aLkh wkqj .eyeKq orefjl=g ,efnkafka fojeks ;ek' ta lshkafka mq;d, ke;skï ú;rhs ;uhs ÿfjl=g uq,a Wreuh ,efnkafka' ta jdf.au hï nd, orefjla bvu ixj¾Okh lrf.k mÈxÑfj,d ysáh;a ;=kajk Wmf,aLkh n,d;aulùu fya;=fjka ;ukaf.a jeäuy,a whshg bvu Wreu fjk ksid bvfuka msgfjkak fjkjd' fukak fï widOdrKh ksid oeka fï ;=kajk Wmf,aLkh lshk tl ixfYdaOkh lrkak fhdackd fj,d ;sfhkjd'

48 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

n,m;%lre$ §ukdlre Ôj;aj isáh§ miq Wreulrejl= fyda lrejka kï lsÍfuka fuu .eg¨ iy.; ;;ajhka wju lrjd .; yelshs' wms fï fmdf;a úúO ;ekaj, lsh, ;sfhkjd wkqm%dma;sh" miqWreuh" uq,a Wreuh" cSú; N=la;sh jeks jpk' Tng fïjd ms<sn|j jeä úia;r hï hï wjia:d j,os wksjd¾hfhkau oek.;hq;= fjkjd' ta fj,djg .%du ks,OdÍ fyda ckmo ks,OdÍ fyda wod< m%dfoaYSh f,alï yuqùu jvd;a iqÿiqhs'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

8.bvï uekSu

bvï uekSu ta i|yd úfYaI mqyqKqjla ,enQ mqoa.,fhl= ^ñkqïfodarejl=& úiska bgql< hq;= ld¾hhls' bvula uekSfï§ lghq;= folla isÿl< hq;=hs' 1. bvï uek l=ØaØ .eiSu fyda udhsï.,a oeóu 2. lrk ,o uekSu is;shï.; (Plan) lsÍu

bvï uksk ñkskafodarejka j¾. 3 ls • rcfha ñkqïfodarejka ^ñkqïm;s hgf;a isák& • lÉfÉß ñkqïfodarejka • n,h,;a ñkqïfodarejka ^fm!oa.,sl ñkqïfodarejka&

50 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

8'1 rcfha ñkqïfodarejka rcfha bvï ñkqï l< yelafla ñkqïm;sjrhd hgf;a isák fuu ñkqïfodarejkag muKs' bvï uekSfï mQ¾K n,Odßhd ñkqïm;sjrhdhs' merKsu fomd¾;fïka;=jla jk ñkqïfodare fomd¾;fïka;=j bx.%Siskaf.a wjêfha isg ^1871& Y%s ,xldfõ uekqï lghq;= lr N+ñ is;shï ilia lr we;' fuu is;shï bvï lghq;= j,oS b;d jeo.;a f,aLkhls' ñkqïm;sjrhd iialr we;s is;shï w;r • wjidk .ï is;shï $msUqr - FVP (Final Village Plan) • wjidk k.r is;shu$msUqr - FTP (Final Town Plan) • wjidk ckmo is;shu $msUqr - FCP (Final Colony Plan)

jeo.;a ;ekla .kS' rfÜ úúO ixj¾Ok ld¾hhkays§ fuu is;shï b;d m%fhdackj;ah' ñkqïm;sf.a Èia;%sla m%Odkshd jkafka Èia;%sla ñkqïfodare wêldßjrhdhs'

8'2 lÉfÉß ñkqïfodarefjda udhsï wdrdjq,a$ udhsï kej; ksrdjrKkhka$ Widúh kshu l, uekqula$ lÜá ie,iqula jeks lghq;= fï wh bgq lrkjd' udhsï .,a oeóula fyda uqo,a whlr uekqï lsÍula fyda iskaklalr bvï uekSula lsÍug fudjqkag kS;suh n,hla ke;'

8'3 n,h,;a ñkqïfodarefjda mqoa.,sl ñkqï lghq;= fudjqka úiska isÿ lrkq ,nhs' iskaklalr$ mqoa.,sl bvï ms<sn| uekqï fuu wh úiska lrkjd' fï whgo ñkqïm;sjrhdf.a wkque;sfhka .dia;= whlr rcfha bvï ueksh yelshs' kuq;a tu ñkqï lghq;= Èia;%sla ñkqï wêldßjrhdf.a wëlaIKhg hg;aúh hq;= w;r .dia;=fjka kshñ; m%;sY;hla rchg f.úh hq;=h' tfiau ilial< msUqr ñkqï wêldßjrhd úiska iy;sl lr ;sìh hq;=h'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

8'4 rcfha bvï uekSfï l%shdj,sh fuu l%shdj,sfha§ m<uqj m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd úiska ñkqï ksfhda.hla Èia;%sla ñkqïfodare wêldßjrhd fj; heúh hq;=hs' bkamiqqj Tyqf.a wêlaIKh hgf;a ñkqï ks,OdÍ úiska uekqï lghq;= isÿlrkjd' bka wk;=rej ñkqï wêldÍ ld¾hd,fhka is;shï ilialr msgm;a ;=klska m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd, fj; hjkq ,nkjd' fï msgm;a j,ska tlla m<d;a bvï flduidßia Ndrfha;a wfkl m%dfoaYSh f,alï Ndrfha;a wfkl .%du ks,OdÍ Ndrfha;a ;sfhkjd' uq,a msgm; ñkqïfodare wêldß Ndrfha;a ;sfnkjd'

weúÈk udhsï.,a rxueKsldf.hs iqukdj;sf.hs f.j,a fol ;sfhkafka hdnojhs' §¾>ld,Sk wi,ajeisfhda Wk;a fï mjq,a fol w;f¾ wehs fyd|ehshla fldfydugj;a keye' u.=,a ;=,djl§ ú;rla fkdfjhs miq.sh Èkl rxueKslf.a f.or ;snqKq u< f.orgj;a iqukdj;s, .sfha ke;af;a fï f.org hkak kï neye lsh,hs' wka;sfï§ .fï urKdOdr iñ;sfha whf.ka fífrkak neßu ;ek lk;a;g ú;rla .sys,a, wdjd' fï fof.d,a,kaf.a wßhdÿjg uq, thd,f.a jeg udhsug ;sfhk wdrjq, lshk tl .fï ldgj;a ryila jqfka keye' fof.d,a, ,.u {d;Ska Wk;a fï {d;slu;a wu;l lr, ;sfhkafka fï wdrdjq, ksihs' jeäysáfhda wukdm jqK;a ta f.d,af,d ke;s fj,djg fof.d,a,kaf.u <uhs tlg tl;= fj,d fi,a,ï lrkafka jeäysáhkag;aa hym;a wdo¾Yhla ,ndfoñka lsh,hs .fï wks;a wh lshkafka'"

52 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

iqukdj;Sf.a iajdñmqreIhd .=Kmd, rxueKslf.a mjqf,a wh Èk.Kkl jkaokdfõ .sh fõ,dfõ fï fof.d,a,kaf.u bvu uek, od, ;snqKq udhsñ .,a .,j, bj;a lr, oeka ld,hla .;fj,d' Bg ál ldf,lg miafia ;uhs .=Kmd, jegudhsfñ ;snqKq fldfydU .y lmkak .syska fof.d,a, w;r bvï wdrdjq, mgka .;af;a' ;snqK udhsñ .,a wkqj kï fldfydU .y whs;s rx ueKsl,df.a bvug' ta;a udhsï.,a .,j,d bj;a lr, ;snqK ksid w¨; wdmq .%du ks,OdÍ uy;a;hg;a fldfydU .y whs;s ldf.a j;a;go lsh, ys;d .kak neß Wkd' fï ksid ;uhs .%duks,OdÍ uy;d m%dfoaYSh f,alï;=udg okaj, ta u.ska bvï udhsï kej; msysgq jkak ñkskafodare uy;ajre Bfha bvug wdfõ' ñkskafodare uy;ajre bvu w¨;ska uek,d wdhsu;a udhsï.,a oeïfï .=Kmd, fydfrka udhsñ.,a .,jmq ;ekaj,uhs' tal ms<s.kakjd wefrkak .=Kmd,g;a lrkak fjk fohla keye' yenehs ñkskafodare uy;ajre bvï uek,d udhsï.,a odkfldg ta úia;r Tlafldu lafIa;% igyka fmd;aj, igyka lr.kakd nj;a ta fmd;a ñksiafodare fomd¾;fïka;=fõ iqrlaIs;j ;sfhk nj;a kej; bvï ukskfldg ta lafIa;% fmd;a f.ke,a, ta wkqj ;uhs wdhsu;a ukskafka lsh, .=Kmd, oekf.k ysáh kï ljodjla udhsu .,a .,jkjd jf.a fudav jevla lrk tlla keye'

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

8'5 Tng wjYH úh yels uekqï is;shï j¾. 1. wkqf¾LK (Tracing) fuh ñkqïfodare uy;l= fyda fjk;a iqÿiqlï ,;a ks,Odßhl= úiska ilia l< o< is;shuls' tfiau fuh ;djld,slj ilia lrkq ,nkakls' 2. uekqï is;shï (Survey Plan) tla bvï lÜáhla fyda lÜá rdYshla fjkqfjka ilia lrk is;shuls' fujeks is;shula wksjd¾hfhkau ñkqïm;sjrhd fjkqfjka ñkqï wêldßjrhd úiska iy;sl l<hq;= fjkjd' tfukau ñkqï isÿl< ñkqïfodarejrhd" udhsï fmkajdÿka iy n,d.;a wh" uekSu isÿl< j¾Ih yd Èkh fuys i|yka úh hq;= fjkjd' .dia;= f.jd fujeks is;shul msgm;la osia;%sla ñkqïfodare wêldß ld¾hd,fhka flfkl=g ,nd.; yelshs' is;shu iu. mßmQrl ,ehsia;=jlao (Tenement List) wksjd¾hfhka ilialrkq ,nkjd' mßmQrl ,hsia;=fõ tla tla bvï fldgfia wxlh wkqj tys m%udKh udhsu iy ysñlu wdÈh úia;r flfrkjd' 3. f¾Ld Ñ;% (Diagrams) fïjd j¾. lsysmhls' ñkqïm;sjrhd úiska uksk ,o bvï lÜá w;=ßka úfYaI bvï lÜáhla fmkaùu i|yd f¾Ld Ñ;% 54 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

ilia lrkq ,nkjd' f¾Ld Ñ;% j¾. lsysmhls' I. §ukd m;% i|yd w¢kq ,nk f¾Ld Ñ;% II. nÿ f¾Ld Ñ;% ^nÿ Tmamq i|yd ilia lrkq ,nhs & III. f¾Ld Ñ;% ^ksoyia §ukd m;% i|yd ilia lrkq ,nhs&

8'6 úúO m%udKfha rlaIs; yd tajdfha m%udK* rlaIs; j¾.h

m%udKh

l=vd .x.d iy we<fod< - m;af,a m<, wä 15 g wvq

bjqf¾ isg f.dv foig wä 66 ne.sks. fuh fomigu ;sìh hq;=h

uOHu m%udKfha .x.d iy we< fod< m;af,a m<, wä 15 - 50 w;r

bjqf¾ isg f.dv foig wä 133 ne.sks. fuh fomigu ;sìh hq;=h

m%Odk .x.d m;af,a m<, wä 50 g jeä

bjqf¾ isg f.dv foig wä 198 ne.sks. fuh fomigu ;sìh hq;=h

4. 5.

jdßud¾. rlaIs; I. m;a, wä 10 la fyda Bg jeä II. m;a, wä 10 - 15 w;r III. m;a, wä 5 g wvq

bjqf¾ isg wä 50 ne.sks bjqf¾ isg wä 28 ne.sks bjqf¾ isg wä 10 ne.sks

jeõ lKaäh

jeõ lKaäfha Wi fuka 15 .=Khla

jeõ ;djq,a,

jdka uÜgug jej msreKq miq ta iSudfõ isg wä 100 la msg;g jeõ;djq,a, iy tys rlaIs;hhs

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c, W,am;a rlaIs;

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ud¾. rlaIs; I. A iy B fY%aKsfha ud¾.

ud¾.fha uOH f¾Ldfõ isg - fomig wä 33 ^jeg fyda ;dmam i`oyd& - fomig wä 50 ^f.dvke.s,s i`oyd& uOH f¾Ldfõ isg fomig wä 20 uOH f¾Ldfõ isg fomig wä 15

II. C iy D fY%aKsfha ud¾. III. E fY%aKsfha ud¾.

10. fjr< rlaIs;

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* ^bvï ksfhda. 11 ^wd{dmkf.a 50 j.ka;sh wkqj& bvï ld¾hh ix.%yfha 173 msgqj& g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

9.bvï wdrdjq,a

bvï wdrdjq,a my; mßÈ j¾. lrkak mq¨jka. 1. iskaklalr bvï j, wdrdjq,a 2. rch úiska n,m;%$ §ukd m;% ,ndoS we;s fyda wkjir bvï j, wdrdjq,a I. iskaklalr bvïj, .eg¨ úi|d.; yels jkafka Èid wêlrKfha kvqjla mejÍfuka muKs' fï i|yd kS;s{ uyf;la yuqù Wmfoia ,nd.ekSu m<uqj isÿ lrkak ´kE' II. rcfhka n,m;%hla fyda §ukd m;%hla u; ,ndÿka bvul wdrdjq,la kï .%du ks,OdÍ fyda ckmo ks,OdÍ u.ska m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdg ,smshlska bosßm;a l< hq;=hs' ñka miqj m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhd ld¾hd,Sh fyda ia:dkSh mÍlaIKhla mj;ajd kS;shg wkql+,j ;SrKhla f.k wod, md¾Yjhka oekqïj;a lrkjd' 56 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

wkjir bvula iïnkaOfhka wdrdjq,la kï m%dfoaYSh f,alïjrhdg iqÿiq kS;suh l%shdud¾.hla wkq.ukh lr, úi÷ula ,ndfokak mq¨jka' yenehs l=ul bvul jqj;a uek,d udhsï.,a od, ;sfhkjd kï ksrjq,a lr.kak myiqhs. bvï wdrdjq,la we;s wjia:djl wod< ks,Odßhdf.ka ^m%dfoaYSh f,alï $.%du ks,Odß$ ckmo ks,Odß$ lafIa;% WmfoaYl& Wmfoia ,ndfkdf.k ndysr md¾Yjhkaf.ka Wmfoia ,nd .ekSfuka wdrdjq, È.a.eiafikakjd jf.au ;j;j;a .eg¨ iy.; fjkak mq¨jka' yenehs bvï wdrdjq,a j,lajd .kak f,ais l%uhla ;sfhkjd ta ;uhs bvu ixj¾Okh lr, jeg fyd¢ka kv;a;= lrk tl. miqWreuh kïlr ;sîu;a mjqf,a wh w;r wdrdjq,a wvqlsÍu Wmldrhla fjkjd.

9'1 bvï iïnkaOj mj;sk ffk;sl l%shdud¾. yd úúO wêlrK

9'1'1. m%d:ñl wêlrKh$ ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKh bvï wdrdjq,a fya;=fjka iduh lvùula isÿjk nj wkdjrKh fõ kï tjeks wjia:djl§ fmd,sish úiska tu wdrdjq, wêlrKh ^Widúh fj;& bÈßm;a lrkjd' tjeks wdrdjq,a ms<sn|j bÈßm;a lrkqfha m%d:ñl wêlrKhla fj;hs' tkï ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKh fj;hs' g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

fuys§ fndfydaau ckm%sh jpkhla ;sfnkjd' ta ;uhs —66 j.ka;sh˜ hgf;a wêlrKhg bÈßm;a lrkjd lsh,' ta lshkafka m%d:ñl wêlrK úêúOdk mkf;a 66 jk j.ka;sh' thska lshefjkafka bvï wdrdjq, u; iduh lvùula isÿjkafka hehs fmkS hkafka kï fmd,Sish ‘B’ jd¾;djla u.ska wêlrKhg lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍuhs' fuhska isÿjkafka óg fmr Èk 60 ;=, bvfï N=la;sh oerefõ hehs wkdjrKh jk whj¨ka fj; N=la;sh ,nd§ bvug hï whs;shla we;akï ksis wêlrKhlska ;Skaÿjla .kakd f,i wêlrKh u.ska wfkla md¾Yjhg fyda md¾Yjhkag kshu lsÍuhs' fujeks meñKs,a,la m%d:ñl$ ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKhg mqoa.,hl=g jqj;a lrkak mq¨jka' fuh yqfola wdrdjq, ms<sn|j ;Skaÿjla ñi bvug whs;sh ms<sn|j fokq ,nk kvq ;Skaÿjla fkdjk nj wjOdrKh l< hq;=h' kuq;a tu ;SrKh fjkia lrjd.; hq;= jkafka Bg jvd by< wêlrK ;Skaÿjla ,nd.ekSfuka muKs'

9'1'2. Èid wêlrKh rch úiska mqoa.,hl= fj; ,ndÿka bvï fldgila fõjd ^m%odk m;%hlska" §¾>ld,Sk nÿ Tmamqjlska" ksoyia §ukd m;%hlska" kshdok idOk m;%hlska& iskaklalr bvï fldgil fõjd whs;sh ms<sn| fyda fjk;a lreKla ms<sn| .eg¨jla we;s kï ta mss<sn|j kvq mejeßh yelafla isú,a wêlrKh jk Èid wêlrKfhah'

9'1'3. m<d;ano wNshdpkdêlrKh $wNshdpkdêlrKh by; i|yka osid wêlrKfhka fok ,o ;Skaÿj m<d;a iNdj úiska l<ukdlrKh lrk bvulg wod< fõ kï ta iïnkaOfhka wNshdpkd l< yelafla fuu wêlrKhghs' fuhg wu;rj rcfha ks,Odßhl= kS;shg mgyeksj lghq;= lsÍfuka w.;shla jkafka kï fyda tfia úh yelsnj fmkS hkafka kï fuu wêlrKh u.ska ÍÜ wd{djla ,ndf.k, iykhla ,nd.; yelsh'

9'1'4. fY%aIaGdêlrKh by; i|yka lrk ,o wêlrK u.ska ,ndÿka ;Skaÿ iïnkaOfhka iEySulg m;a fkdjk wfhl=g wjia:dfpdaÑ; mßos wNshdpkdêlrKhg fyda fY%aIaGdêlrKhg wNshdpkhla bosßm;a l< yelshs'

58 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

kvq hkafkda jekfikafkdao @ isßhdj;shs rkanKavhs whshhs kx.shs' fokaku uõmsfhda tlal Ôj;ajqfka tlu f.or' fï fokakf.a ;d;a;d ySka nKavd' ySka nKavd w,a,.;a; wlalr foll bvula ;snqKd' ;d;a;d ;ukaf. hq;=lu lsh, ys;,d n,m;% fkd;snqK;a fï bvu ÿjghs mq;dghs fokakg fno, ÿkakd' miafia ld,fl§ isßhdj;shs rkaanKavhs fï bvï folg fjkfjku n,m;% folla .;a;d' isßhdj;s ;ukaf.a bvfï f.hl=;a yo,d mÈxÑ fj,d ysáfha' ta;a whshd jk rkanKavd mÈxÑ fj,d ysáfha keye' fldfyduyß ld,hla hkfldg whshd fjk .ul mÈxÑ fj,d isáh ksid thdf.a bvï fldgi ,Õmd; uqo,d,s flfkl=g úlald' ta w;f¾ whshd ¥Is; ks,Odßfhl=f.a Woõfjka kx.sf.a bvu;a tlal iïmQ¾K bvug iskaklalr Tmamqjla yod.kak uqo,d,sg Woõ l,d' isßhdj;S ál ojilg ;ukaf.a iajdñhd f.a uyf.org .sh fj,dfjÈ ;uhs bvu ñ<§ .;a; wr uqo,d,s uq¨ bvu i|ydu whs;sjdislï lshkak mgka .;af;a' tlfldg ;uhs isßhdj;Sg oek.kak ,enqfõ ;ukaf.a bvï fldgi;a tlal uq¨ bvuu uqo,d,sg úl=K,d ú;rla fkdfjhs bvu ñ<§ .;a; uqo,d,s uq¨ bvugu iskaklalr Tmamqjla yodf.k we;s ú;a;sh' fï ksid isßhdj;S ;ukag jqkq widOdrKh ksjerÈ lr.kak m%dfoaYsh f,alï;=ud, m<d;a bvï flduidßia;=ud yd bvï flduidßia ckrd,a;=udg;a ,sms u.ska yd .sys,a, uqK .eys, ;ukaf.a ÿl lsõjd' wka;sfï§ ckdêm;s f,alï ld¾hd,h olajd;a .shd. ta;a fï fjkfldg wr bvu uxfld,a,ld .;a uqo,d,s wehj bvfuka fkrmkak wêlrKfha kvq mjr, bjrhs' ;ukag fjk lrkak fohla ke;ss ksid weh;a kvq lsõj;a wehf.a wjdishghs ;Skaÿj ,enqfõ' oeka weh ;ukag jqKq widOdrfKag úreoaOj wNshdpkh lr, n,df.k bkakjd' g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

9'1'5. bvï iïnkaO .eg¨ we;s úg§ fyda Wmfoia wjYH wjia:d j,§ iïnkaOjk ks,OdÍka yd wdh;k m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h .%du ks,Odß lafIa;% WmfoaYl$ckmo ks,Odß$bvï ks,Odß úIhh ,smslrejka m%dfoaYSh f,alï iy iyldr m%dfoaYSh f,alï m<d;a bvï flduidßia ld¾hd,h$ ksfhdacH bvï flduidßia ld¾hd,h m<d;a bvï flduidßia$ksfhdacH bvï flduidßia iyldr bvï flduidßiajre bvï ks,OdÍka lÉfÉß ñkqïfodarejka bvï flduidßia ckrd,a fomd¾;fïka;=j bvï flduidßia ckrd,a bvï flduidßia ixj¾Ok$ bvï ksfhdacH bvï flduidßia jre iyldr bvï flduidßiajre bvï ks,OdÍka ñkskafodare fomd¾;fïka;=j ñkqïm;s ksfhdacH ñkqïm;s osia;%sla ñkskafodare wêldÍ iyldr ñkskafodare wêldÍ ñkskafodarejre ;lafiare fomd¾;fïka;=j m%Odk ;lafiarelre ;lafiarelrejka frðiagd¾ ckrd,a fomd¾;fïka;=j frðiagd¾ ckrd,a w;sf¾l frcsiagd¾ ckrd,a w;sf¾l osia;%sla frcsiagd¾ 60 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï

m<d;a md,k wdh;k k.rdêm;s$ iNdm;s kd.ßl flduidßia$ f,alï ld¾ñl ks,Odß bvï mßyrK m%;sm;a;s ie,iqï fomd¾;fïka;=j wOHlaI osia;%sla bvï mßyrK ks,Odß ysñlï ksrjq,a lsÍfï fomd¾;fïka;=j ysñlï ksrjq,a lsÍfï flduidßia ckrd,a ysñlï ksrjq,a lsÍfï flduidßia iyldr ysñlï ksrjq,a lsÍfï flduidßia bvï yd bvï ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh f,alï w;sf¾l f,alïjre wOHlaIljre ckdêm;s f,alï ld¾hd,h ckdêm;s f,alï w;sf¾l f,alï iyldr f,alïjre bvï m%;sixialrK fldñIka iNdj iNdm;s wOHlaIljre osia;%sla wOHlaIljre Y%S ,xld uyje,s wêldßh wOHlaI ckrd,a fkajdisl jHdmdr l<uKdlrejka fldÜGdY l<uKdlrejka tall l<uKdlrejka

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

9'1'6. m<d;a bvï flduidßiajrekaf.a ÿrl;k wxl m<d;

flduidßia

ld¾hd,h

*elaia

W;=reueo m<d;

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fjí wvúh - www.landcommdept.gov.lk

62 |

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64 |

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g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

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bv誰 lv誰 - oekuq;=l誰

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a YS% ,xld |

bvï lvï oekuq;=lï g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld hkq ¥IKh uev,Su uQ,sl wruqK lr.ksñka l%shd;aul jk m%uqL;u cd;Hka;r ixúOdkhla jk g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,ays Y%s ,dxlSh ksfhdacs;dh;khs' f,djmqrd rgj,a /il YdLd ishhlg wêl m%udKhla msysgqjd we;s g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a cd,h úksúoNdjh" j.ùu yd hymd,k m%;sm;a;Ska m%j¾Okh msKsi lemù isà' g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%s ,xld wdh;kh 2002 jif¾ isg Y%S ,xldj iqms<smka foaYhla njg m;alsÍfï wruqK we;sj iajdëkj l%shd;aul fõ' md,kh flfrys ck;djf.a wjfndaOh by< kexùu;a Tjqkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh Èß.ekaùug;a" mqyqKqj" yelshdjka j¾Okh fukau oekqu ;=<ska .=Kd;aul uÜgñka by< fiajdjka we;slsßu yd ¥IKhg tfrysùu ;=<ska iqms<smka rgla ìyslsÍu;a wmf.a b,lal fõ'

Delegation of the European Union to Sri Lanka and the Maldives 26, Sir Marcus Fernando Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka Tel: (94 11) 2674413/4 Fax: (94 11) 2678860 Email: delegation-sri-lanka@eeas.europa.eu Web: www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/sri_lanka Transparency International Sri Lanka 6, 37th Lane, Queen’s Road, Colombo 3 Phone: 011 4369781 - 3 Fax: 011 2506419 Email: tisl@tisrilanka.org Web: www.tisrilanka.org

ISBN: 978-955-1281-52-6

72 |

bvï lvï - oekuq;=lï