Calculation of the Heat Balance of the Solar Installation for the Thermal Processing of Municipal

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research and Development (IJAERD) ISSN (P): 2250–1584; ISSN (E): 2278–9383 Vol. 10, Issue 1, Jun 2020, 21–30 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

CALCULATION OF THE HEAT BALANCE OF THE SOLAR INSTALLATION FOR THE THERMAL PROCESSING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TOSHMAMATOV B. M1, UZAKOV G. N2, KODIROV I. N3 & KHATAMOV I. A4 1,4

Assistant, Department of Thermal Power Engineering, Karshi Engineering and Economics Institute, Uzbekistan 2

3

Head, Department of Thermal Power Engineering, Karshi Engineering and Economics Institute, Uzbekistan

Professor, Department of Thermal Power Engineering, Karshi Engineering and Economics Institute, Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT A solar installation for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste in order to obtain landfill gas and organic fertilizers is proposed. The parameters of thermal and anaerobic fermentation of the processes occurring in this installation are considered. The analysis of the heat balance of the developed installation is carried out and the energy demand for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste is determined. A substantiated analysis of the formation of energy efficiency and improvement of the sanitary and environmental situation in solid waste processing systems is shown.

Management

Received: Dec 08, 2019; Accepted: Dec 28, 2019; Published: Jan 31, 2020; Paper Id.: IJAERDJUN20203

1. INTRODUCTION

CASE STUDY

KEYWORDS: Municipal Solid Waste, Solar Energy, Solar Installation, Alternative Fuels, Heat Balance & Waste

Municipal solid waste(MSW) is a heterogeneous mixture in which almost all chemical elements in the form of various compounds are present [1,2,3].

Currently, the volume of municipal solid waste is increasing in large cities of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the entire volume of generated solid waste is disposed of and stored without sorting and processing at city landfills. In a hot climate, our country, urban landfills of municipal solid waste can lead to the formation of various hazardous compounds, such as methane and hydrogen sulfide.

2. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SYSTEM In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the content of the constituent parts of municipal solid waste is not constant and varies according to the seasons of the year. In particular, in summer and autumn, the percentage of food waste increases in them, which is associated with a more frequent use of fruits and vegetables by the population during these periods (Figure 1) [2]. In recent years, the content of various products from polyethylene, plastics, and cellophane has sharply increased in solid waste.

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Toshmamatov B. M, Uzakov G. N, Kodirov I. N & Khatamov I. A

Figure 1: The Average Morphological Composition of MSW in Cities Karshi.

Therefore, the problem of solid waste disposal in order to obtain alternative fuels is an urgent scientific and technical task of our time.

3. LITERATURE SURVEY In world practice, thermal, chemical, biological and physio-chemical methods are used for the disposal of solid waste.

When the content in MSW is up to 70% of the organic (combustible) fraction, processing by thermal methods is preferred.

Thermal processing of solid waste is carried out in special installations - thermal reactors.

Recently, there has been growing interest in the world in the development of new designs of energy-saving plants for the thermal processing of solid household waste under conditions of anaerobic digestion, for the production of alternative fuels (landfill gases) and organic fertilizers or composting in the process of methane fermentation of industrial solid waste that compares favorably with other methods [4,5].

One of the main methods of solid waste disposal around the world remains disposal in a subsurface geological environment [6,7]. Under these conditions, municipal solid waste is subjected to intensive anaerobic decomposition with the formation of landfill gas [6].

As a result of anaerobic decomposition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste from the total amount of methane that enters the atmosphere annually, 40-70% is formed as a result of anthropogenic activity, more than 20% of which are landfills for solid waste. It is estimated that about 200 m3 of landfill gas is formed from one ton of MSW [1,2,7,8].

In Uzbekistan, the disposal of solid waste for the purpose of obtaining alternative fuel is also a relevant and promising direction.

Our solar installation for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste(Fig. 2) can be used in a landfill for small settlements to prevent environmental pollution, disturbing the ecological balance, producing alternative fuel (landfill gas) and organic fertilizers [10, 11].

4. METHODOLOGY The experimental solar installation for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste is made of a half-cylinder with a base in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, with dimensions: length 1.2 m, width 1 and height 1 m. The working volume of the reactor is 1.2 m3.

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.9648

NAAS Rating: 2.88

Calculation of the Heat Balance of the Solar Installation for the Thermal Processing of Municipal Solid Waste

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4.1 System Design

1-Receiving hopper, 2-Landfill reactor, 3-Mechanical mixer, 4-Solar air heater, 5-Electric heater, 6 Polycarbonate coating, 7-Absorber, 8-Reflector of solar radiation, 9-Water filter, 10-Valve, 11- Exhaust pipe, 12-Hopper Figure 2: Solar Installation for the Thermal Processing of Municipal Solid Waste.

4.2 Dataset Description The proposed installation works as follows. In the daytime mode, municipal solid waste is loaded through the receiving hopper (1) into the fermentation chamber of the landfill reactor (2) without prior sorting. Every 2-3 hours, the mixing of the loaded municipal solid waste in the landfill reactor occurs using a mechanical stirrer (3), driven manually. Loaded solid waste in the reactor is heated by a solar air heater (SAH) (4) to a temperature of 55-60 ° C. In addition, through the active system of the solar air heater, air heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C through the air channel heats the side and lower parts of the surface of the landfill reactor. The electric heater (5) is a backup heater and supports the creation of a stable temperature regime of anaerobic fermentation of municipal solid waste in the reactor during cloudy days and at night.

This installation is characterized in that the reactor from above is covered with a translucent polycarbonate coating (6), which also provides, as a passive solar installation, the required temperature regime. Thus, the sun's rays passing through the polycarbonate glass (6) flow into the installation and heat the metal sheet, i.e. the absorber (7) and due to thermal conductivity, heat is transferred to the internal volume of the reactor. For more efficient storage of solar energy by a polycarbonate coating, namely, the metal sheet is additionally heated, i.e. absorber (7), on the north side of solar installation for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste it is necessary to install a reflector (solar energy concentrator) (8), which will direct the reflected solar radiation to solar installation for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste at the most sunny, noon, before and afternoon.

Within 15-20 days, the process of fermentation and the release of landfill gas take place, then the landfill gas is finally sucked into the water filter (9) through a receiving hopper (1) for cleaning gases from impurities. Here, the gas is cleaned of dust particles and unnecessary impurities (for example, sulfur and water mixture). Having passed the water filter (9), the landfill gas, through the open valve (10), is directed through the pipeline to consumers. The fermentation process ends within 15-20 days and the spent mass of municipal solid waste is removed from the landfill reactor through the exhaust pipe (11) to the exhaust hopper (12), then the spent mass of municipal solid waste is transferred to the storage facility from where it is partially used as fertilizer or transferred to the solid household landfill waste [11,12,13]. www.tjprc.org

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Toshmamatov B. M, Uzakov G. N, Kodirov I. N & Khatamov I. A

5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS To estimate the energy consumption for the processing process, the heat balance [14.15] of solar installation for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste was calculated in the following order.

The loaded mass of solid waste is determined by the formula: =

∙

, kg

(1)

= 1,2 ∙ 250 = 300 kg The output of landfill gas VPOL, m3, when the solid waste mass is completely decomposed, is determined by the formula: =

where

∙

, м3

(2)

is the output of solid waste from 1 kg MSW,

= 0.2 m3 / kg, then

= = 300 · 0.2 = 60 m3 Draw up the heat balance of the installation in the following form: +

QRE =

−

∑

−

−

,W

(3)

where QRE is the required thermal energy for the thermal processing of solid waste, W; for heating solid waste, W;

∑

- heat consumption

- solar radiant energy passing through the translucent part of the installation, W;

receiver from the Sun through the reflector, W;

− heat flow coming from the SAH, W;

-

- loss of thermal energy

through heat transfer to the environment, W. The amount of heat,

, kJ, required for heating the solid waste mass to the temperature of the fermentation

process: QEFR = mMSW·сMSW(tFER – tMSW) ·3.6 ·10-3, W The amount of heat

(4)

, W, lost in the process of heat transfer through the wall of the reactor to the

environment: QLOS = kFtot (tFER – tAVER), W

(5)

where k is the heat transfer coefficient, W/(m2· 0С); Ftot - total heat transfer area, m2; TAVER - average air temperature, 0С.

The heat transfer coefficient k, W/(m2· 0С), is determined by the formula: = !

Where

'&

# "∑ $ "

, W/(m2· 0С)

(6)

%$ !&

'

is the resistance to heat perception,

- heat transfer resistance,

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.9648

(& ∙℃

(& ∙℃

; [20].

; [20] NAAS Rating: 2.88

Calculation of the Heat Balance of the Solar Installation for the Thermal Processing of Municipal Solid Waste

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δiis the thickness of the i-th layer of the fence element, m; λi is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the i-th layer of the fence element,

(∙℃

.

A concrete reactor with a thickness of 0.1 m was installed, thermal insulation made in the form of glass wool (0.1 m).

The flow of solar energy passing through polycarbonate glass is ∑

∑

:

= *+ ∙ ,-. ∙ /0+ ∙ 1, W

(7)

Where *+ is the average total solar radiation,

(&

; ,-. - absorption coefficient of the receiving surface of solar

radiation, 0.85 - 0.9 [21]; /0+ - transmittance of a translucent coating, with a single glazing is adopted 0.9 [21]; 1 - area of the illuminated surface, m, 1 = 1,884 m5 .

The energy received by the receiver from the Sun through the reflector can be determined by the equation: =6

∙ А-. ∙ Е

where, Е

∙1

, Вт

(8)

is the irradiation of the mirror reflector,

(&

; 1

- surface area reflector, m2;6

is the mirror

reflectance reflector; А-. is the absorption coefficient of the receiver.

Useful thermal energy (heat production) of the ICS is equal to: 7

=

= 89 ∙

-

∙ :р ∙ ;<-5 − <- =, Вт

where, Gw - volumetric air flow,

(> ? @

;

-

(9)

- air density

AB C>

,; :р — specific heat of air,

AD

,; <- and t F5 - air

;AB∙℃=

temperature at the inlet and outlet of the SAH, ºС. +

If we assume that it is +

= ∑

Accept that ∑

−

equal to

@GH?

the total heat consumption, then

@GH? ,

(10)

−

−

−

=

equal to

IH@

then (11)

IH@

The calculation results of the heat balance of the installation are summarized in table 1.

Table 1 ,W 7425

,W 28,33

∑

,W 1009

,W 1048

,W 2266

7

∆Q, W 3157

Based on the analysis of the heat balance of the installation, the following conditions can be considered: •

If,

•

If,

IH@

IH@

<

@GH? then

≥

additional sources are required for heating the MSW.

@GH? then

the consumption of thermal energy is fully covered by the use of low-potential solar

installations.

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Toshmamatov B. M, Uzakov G. N, Kodirov I. N & Khatamov I. A

Thus, to cover the total thermal load on the thermal processing of solid waste in the proposed installation, it is required to design ICS with a minimum area of 10-12 m2.

6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK Solar installation for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste landfill gas generation can ensure the operation of this unit in anaerobic mode, primarily in a country with a hot climate, Uzbekistan, without the cost of producing landfill gas.

The presented option is promising, because for heating and maintaining the temperature of fermentation of the mass of solid waste in solar installation for the thermal processing of municipal solid waste of various sizes, solar energy is used.

Thus, the problem of solid waste disposal is currently really relevant, therefore our solution presented prevents the threat to the health and life of the population, as well as the violation of the ecological balance and makes it possible to obtain alternative fuels and organic fertilizers.

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Okurebia, S. O., & Offiong, E. S. Petroleum Oil, Environmental Pollution and Health Management in Nigeria:(A Case of the Niger Delta Region).

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Impact Factor (JCC): 4.9648

NAAS Rating: 2.88

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13. Muradov I., Toshmamatov B. M., Kurbanova N. M., Baratova S. R., Temirova L. “Development of a Scheme for the Thermal Processing of Solid Household Waste”. “International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology”. India. Vol. 6, Issue 9, September 2019. 1784-1787 pp.

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AUTHOR’S PROFILE

Toshmamatov Bobir Mansurovich, assistant of Department of “Thermal Power Engineering”, Karshi engineering and economics institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan. His Sphere of research in Renewable power and Thermal processing of municipal solid waste. As a result of scientific research work in the sphere of usage unusual renewable energy resources in the system of supplying of thermo cooling he published more than 45 publications including 1 patent.

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Toshmamatov B. M, Uzakov G. N, Kodirov I. N & Khatamov I. A

Uzakov Gulom Norboevich, Head of Department of “Thermal Power Engineering”, Karshi engineering and economics institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan. He holds Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor. In 2016 he was awarded with a medal of “25 years of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan” and in 2017 was awarded with a medal of “25 years of constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan”. Since October 12, 2011 he is a vice rector on scientific affairs of Karshi engineering and economics institute.

Sphere of Research: Renewable power.

Membership at Professional Associations: •

Vice rector on scientific affairs of Karshi engineering and economics institute.

•

Member of international editorial board of international scientific journal “Technology. Technics. Engineering” (Russia).

•

Deputy Editor of head editor of scientific journal “Innovation Technologies”.

•

Member of Scientific board of DSc 27.06. 2017. T. 03. 03 at Tashkent State Technical University.

Achievements: As a result of scientific research work in the sphere of usage unusual renewable energy resources in the system of supplying of thermo cooling he published more than 200 publications including 7 monographs, 2 textbooks, 4 manuals and 6 patents.

Under his management, 3 applied projects and 3 innovative projects on SSTP grants are finished.

Results of scientific research are introduced in educational process, 2 manuals are used in educational process for training of bachelors on the direction 5312400 - "Alternative energy sources".

Under his management more than 20 master dissertations are fulfilled, 4 gifted students have got a grant of “Beruni” and also are prepared for defending of 2 doctoral research work (PhD) in the direction of RES. Uzakov G. N. is a winner of a competition of Fund of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “Iste’dod”.

In 2008, he finished a scientific training in the Sankt-Petersburg state technical university on a grant of “Iste’dod” Fund for the direction “Power”.

Kodirov Ismoil Norkobilovich, Candidate of Technical Sciences, prof., Department of “Thermal Power Engineering”, Karshi engineering and economics institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan.

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.9648

NAAS Rating: 2.88

Calculation of the Heat Balance of the Solar Installation for the Thermal Processing of Municipal Solid Waste

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Sphere of Research: Renewable Energy.

Achievements: As a result of scientific research work in the sphere of usage unusual renewable energy resources in the system of supplying of thermo cooling he published more than 120 publications including 2 monographs, 2 textbooks, 6 manuals and 2 patents.

Under his management, 1 applied projects and 2 innovative projects on SSTP grants are finished.

Khatamov Inomjon Amrulloyevich, Assistant, Department of â&#x20AC;&#x153;Thermal Power Engineeringâ&#x20AC;?, Karshi engineering and economics institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan.

Sphere of Research: Renewable Energy.

Achievements: As a result of scientific research work in the sphere of usage unusual renewable energy resources in the system of supplying of thermo cooling he published more than 15 publications Under his management, 1 applied projects and 1 innovative projects on SSTP grants are finished.

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