EXECUTION EVALUATION OF A HEAT EXCHANGER BY USING C-FACTOR WITH WILSON PLOT SYSTEM BY COMPUTING EXER

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN(P): 2249–6890; ISSN(E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 87–96 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

EXECUTION EVALUATION OF A HEAT EXCHANGER BY USING C-FACTOR WITH WILSON PLOT SYSTEM BY COMPUTING EXERGY LOSS SOBHANADRI ANANTHA1 & Dr. G. SENTHILKUMAR2 1

Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

2

Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT The exergy of a framework is a property which quantifies the capability of a framework to cause change. Exergy is explicitly characterized as the most extreme work which can be acquired from a framework. Some exergy is reduced in all genuine procedure: this is the substance of the second law of thermodynamics. The destruction of exergy is the irreversibility. Heat exchangers are fundamental parts in complex planning systems related to power generation and power transformations. Fouling is the declaration of unwanted materials onto the heat surfaces of a heat exchanger causing an extension in heat restriction and resulting decline in heat productivity. This paper presents a proficient and outputs. An outstanding representation for hot disseminations in an exchanger is adjusted, and is utilized to recognize the commitments of the three significant reasons for the all out exergetic loss: transfer of heat, fluid friction and energy dispersal to the environment. In this proposed work, an effective technique has been exhibited for execution evaluation of a heat exchanger by using C-factor with Wilson plot system by computing exergy loss which takes out the use of exaggerated assumptions. The C-factor is a parameter which offers the indication of fouling improvement on heat exchange surfaces and its effects on the heat transfer presentations of a heat exchanger. The Wilson plot method

Original Article

strategy for assessing exergy destruction in a heat exchanger, requiring information of the exchanger's sources of inputs

considers the speculative connections close by test recognitions to consider the heat exchange displays of a heat exchanger presented to fouling. The proposed technique displays better execution when contrasted with conventional strategies.

KEYWORDS: Exergy Analysis, Heat Transfer, Exergetic loss, Fluid Friction, Wilson plot strategy & C-factor

Received: Mar 12, 2020; Accepted: Apr 02, 2020; Published: Apr 23, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN20208

1. INTRODUCTION Heat exchangers are utilized to transfer heat between two procedure streams. Diverse heat exchangers are named by their application [1] [2]. For instance, heat exchangers being utilized to condense is known as condensers, likewise heat exchanger for boiling reasons for existing are called boilers. Execution and proficiency of heat exchangers are estimated through the measure of heat exchange utilizing least territory of heat exchange and drop of pressure [3] [4]. An all the more better introduction of its productivity is finished by ascertaining over all heat exchange coefficient.

Various sorts of heat exchangers are utilized in numerous fields of industry. Customary heat exchangers are made of metals; the most generally utilized are copper, aluminum and steel [5]. Be that as it may, some uncommon applications require heat exchangers which are impervious to synthetic mixtures and consumption so plastics were

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picked as an advantageous material [6]. They are light, artificially safe and less expensive than consumption safe composites [7]. But destructive applications, plastic heat exchangers are additionally utilized in a few different fields, for example, low-temperature water warming, handling industry, biotechnology, and so on. Specialty utilization of plastics can be clarified by the way that metal heat exchangers have long history of use, generation advances are well-planned; in addition, organizations would prefer not to withdraw from settled practices [8] [9].

Connections become significant. Notwithstanding, numerous specialists utilizing adjusted Wilson-Plot systems don't report vulnerabilities in the extricated heat exchange coefficients, rather they just report estimation vulnerabilities and power balance inequalities [10]. This circumstance is somewhat because of the way that basic, judicious ways to deal with vulnerability investigation for Wilson-Plot information reduction methods [24] [25]. The Wilson-Plot technique and its variations are broadly utilized for removing heat exchange coefficients and types for heat exchange connections, and this paper delivers vulnerability issues relating to the adjusted Wilson Plot when contrasted with more straightforward methodologies for separating the heat exchange coefficient [11].

A heat exchanger is utilized to distribute energy from one fluid that is hot to another, cool, which will get it. The energy is passed as heat, which, because of the temperature contrast between the two fluids, will spill out of one to the next unexpectedly [12] [13]. The temperature of the fluids will be, as a rule, diverse to that of the surroundings of the exchanger, so a heat exchange among them and the outside of the exchanger is unavoidable [14].

The energy exchanges convey exergy, with the goal that hot fluid discharges exergy to cold one which assimilates it, and afterward out into the earth, where it is squandered. During the developments of the fluids over the containers of the exchanger, some portion of fluid contact consumes some exergy [15].

The exergetic loss and destruction in a heat exchanger can along these lines be outlined as 

Exergy is passed from hot to cool fluid, however some is devastated in this procedure because of temperature contrast among fluids [16].



The development of fluids along the medium of exchanger involves some level of exergy destruction [17].



The heat exchange among exchanger and its surroundings likewise involves an exergy exchange.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY Mehdizadeh-Fard et. al. (2018) proposed a method to comprehend the regular issue of fouling of cooling heat exchangers in flying machine applications. This method moreover evaluated the statement portion and the elements that impact it. The essential center was a scientific model of affidavit in a cutting edge and cylinder heat exchanger that represented strong impaction, energy settling and Brownian dispersion. The phenomenon of fouling has a critical impact in the operational productivity of a procedure place including heat exchangers.

Ahmadi et al (2017) proposed the Wilson technique to create cylinder and shell-side heat exchange coefficient connections for concentric direct heat exchangers. The alteration for the most part comprised of presenting the Sieder and Tate condition as paired to Wilson's dimensional utilization of Dittus-Boelter and separating the two constants from the slant and ordinate block of the Wilson Plot for the outside and inside heat exchange coefficients, separately. Subsequently, this methodology permitted estimation of two obscure parameters contrasted with one in the first strategy.

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Ahmadi et al. (2016) found that the changed Wilson-Plot strategy predicts the gathering side heat exchange coefficients by 11.5– 30% for various fluids contrasted with particular trial estimations; anyway the vulnerability examination was not introduced. As of late, Bejan (2002) further enhanced the impact of heat estimation accuracy on Wilson-Plot results and introduced general rules for evaluating the precision of information followed by certain instances of assessing vulnerability of the gathering coefficient on an inside cooled flat cylinder. As of late, Esen et al (2007) proposed the Wilson plot technique with inserted vulnerability investigation to calculate four obscure parameters of the Nusselt relationships for both fluid of a heat exchanger alongside their related vulnerabilities.

Mehdizadeh-Fard et al (2018) built up a unique numerical model equipped for portraying tube-side unrefined petroleum fouling in shell-and-cylinder heat exchangers as an element of nearby conditions all through the unit. This model had the option to devise a method to efficiently dissect plant information and measure fundamental model parameters utilizing essential plant estimations, for example, temperatures and stream rates as opposed to determined fouling protections. The model was approved with estimations and tried for its prescient capacities against essential amounts that can be straightforwardly estimated.

Mehrpooya et al (2016) explored the steam cycle of a power plant utilizing energy and exergy examinations. They determined the estimations of heat loss, exergy loss, and energy and exergy efficiencies for the hardware. The consequences of the energy examination demonstrated that 69.8% of the all out lost energy happened in the condenser, while exergy investigation indicated that 85.66% of the all out exergy entering the cycle was lost in the kettle.

Sayyaadi et al. (2011) utilized the progressed exergy and exergoeconomic investigations for a hydrogen liquefaction process. Their investigations gave helpful data about the beginning of the irreversibility and the measure of avoidable irreversibility of the framework. It was demonstrated that the vast majority of the exergy demolition in the parts was unavoidable and endogeneous, however there was as yet significant potential to improve the framework execution. At last, an affectability investigation was performed on the key parameters of the framework to show their consequences for the exergy economic execution of the plant.

3. PROPOSED METHOD The exergy of a material stream is the most extreme possible measure of shaft work (or electrical energy) when this stream is brought with structure real conditions (T,S) to thermo mechanical balance at encompassing conditions (T0,S0) by reversible procedures and heat being just exchanged with nature at T0 [18]. The fundamental Exergy condition for one kg substance in streaming open frameworks, ignoring active and potential exergy terms is as per the following: EX=(H−H0)− T0(S−S0) So as to examine the exergy load delivery in a heat exchanger, comprising of the hot, cold fluid streams, the second law of thermodynamics is applied to the exchange of heat process among hot, cold streams [19]. For an exergy equalization of the exchanger, the stream exergy of all entering and leaving streams must be registered by well-created physical exergy relationships in the consistent state stream framework [20].

The exergy loss in heat exchanger happens mostly because of heat exchange among hot, cold streams. The exergy demolition is because of the heat exchange among cold and hot fluid streams in a heat exchanger that is determined by applying the second law examination on the stream framework. Exergy destruction is because of the temperature

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distinction among hot and cold media with temperatures S1 and S2 separately and resultant irreversibility can be determined by:

where H is the heat obligation or all out heat exchanged by the stream.

The exergy destruction is because of drop in temperature, I S ; the second, the aftereffect of head loss, I

R. The

heat exchange to nature doesn't really imply as exergy is ruined, yet slightly that it surrenders the heat exchanger, indicated by ∆E. Coming about because all things considered a specific measure of exergy is lost in exchanger, F

Where

=

and

=

.

denotes entropic generation.

A total exergetic investigation of a heat exchanger implies ascertaining each of the four terms freely, however this may demonstrate troublesome, in any event, when exploratory information about the real temperatures inside the heat exchanger are accessible. Much of the time, the exchanger is just at the structure arrangement, so no information really exists with the exception of the rough information and results states of the two fluids. It in this way it gets important to plan a discovery technique so as to describe the exergy.

The all out exergy loss in the exchanger, F, that can be grown, considering the exergy of the approaching and active fluids. These, thusly, could be communicated as an element of the temperature of the environment, explicit enthalpy and entropy as calculated as

.

The Improved Wilson-Plot strategy basically comprises of deciding individual heat exchange protections from a general obstruction by extrapolating the protection from zero. In this strategy, the air-side opposition, Sas is re exchanged in an alternate way. Information is gathered by holding the air-side conditions fixed, while the cylinder side conditions are differed. The subsequent information is then plotted and by extrapolating to 1/Buref = 0, Sas is resolved. This strategy apparently expels vulnerabilities related with Buref by extrapolating the cylinder side protection from zero. It is clear for an irrelevant conduction opposition, the deliberate 1/UAT = Sas after extrapolating to Bref = 0.

The differential heat loss to surroundings, Fsurr, temperature discharged, T, for each purpose of heat exchanger.

Energy of heat exchanger streams in two different ways: the primary stream happens between the fluids, while optional energy streams among the exchanger itself and its environment. It is important to recognize both, which we have meant, separately by Fexch and Fsurr. This should be possible with the energy balance that is calculated as

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Note that Hd is positive while Hg is negative, in light of the fact that the cold fluid retains heat and the hot fluid discharges it.

With respect to loss of heat to the environment, we may see that it is the contrast between the heat truly being discharged by the hot stream and that being consumed by the cool one at every level g g, so a sensible estimation would be given by:

Where

represents the real approximation to the average specific heat of the hot stream, given by

=

.

The C- Factor method refers extremely exact and explicit information about the fluids, just as proposing various speculations. It is along these lines progressively dependable, when all is said in done, to work this term.. By utilizing the two outrageous estimations of T0, the accompanying articulations give as far as possible for

:

= =

4. RESULTS Parallel stream setup of exergy loss identification has found to have less when contrasted with the arrangement stream design [21] [22]. Thus, the energy required to deliver a similar cold impact is low in parallel stream design of exergy loss identification [23].

Table 1: Exergy Destruction of Components (kW) Components of Energy Loss Series flow Parallel flow Exd-gh 8.56 10.22 Exd-gl 3.11 1.15 Exd-cond 0.98 4.12 Exd-evp 4.26 6.32 Exd-ab 12.66 11.08 Exd-HX-1 5.21 4.29 Exd-HX-2 6.85 3.66 Exd-Value-01 0.64 1.24 Exd-Value-02 0.12 1.36 Exd-Value-03 0.21 1.24 Exd-Value-04 2.64 0.00 Exd-Value-05 0.15 0.58 Total Exd 51.32 41.96 35.64% 38.73% The Exergy loss rate in the proposed method is depicted in Figure-1. The proposed method clearly illustrates the process in calculating exergy loss in fluids. The exergy loss in kjh is depicted in Figure-1.

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Figure 1: Exergy Loss Rate in kjh.

The Exergy loss rate in the proposed method is depicted in Figure-1. The proposed method clearly illustrates the process in calculating exergy loss in fluids. The exergy loss in W is depicted in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Exergy Loss Levels in W. The exergy efficiency is depicted in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Exergy Efficiency.

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Figure 4: Exergy Loss Levels from Cold and Hot Streams.

The Figure 4 illustrates the loss of exergy levels among cold and hot streams.

5. CONCLUSIONS The exergetic estimation exchanger heat delivers to surroundings is normally ignored, because of the way that it for the most part is generally little in terms i.e <10%. What might be compared to heat distribution may get noteworthy where two streams are separated from T0. There are two explanations behind this that the C-factor at the exergy loss will in general zero, and that the Improved Wilson-Plot strategy heat exchange among exchanger and condition is slower because of their temperatures being nearer. By accepting sensible speculations and having fundamental, discovery information of an exchanger, it is conceivable to deliver a sensible representation of its exergetic execution, helpful for breaking down and advancing cycles and procedures. The precision of the assessment will rely upon how well the theoretical temperature dispersions acclimate to the genuine ones out of a particular exchanger, in spite of the fact that the procedure proposed here should be illustrative of a request for greatness.

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AUTHORS PROFILE

Sobhanadri Anantha, is Research scholar in Sathyabama institute of Technology, Chennai, India. He obtained M.Tech.in Mechanical Engineering from Acharya Nagarjuna University, A.P, India. His research areas are Heat transfer, exergy, refrigerants etc. He has 10 years of teaching experience in various subjects of Mechanical Engineering. He has 07 publications in various National & international journals &conference proceedings.

Dr. G. Senthilkumar, is an Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamilnadu, India. He completed Ph.D in the field of Thermal and Fluid Science. His research interests are nano bubbles synthesis and characterization, volume fraction of binary mixtures, Bubble size in multi phase components. His present areas of Research include CFD simulation in nano bubbles and multiphase heat transfer.

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