SMART MOVING AERATOR FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AQUA FARMING

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 623-632 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

SMART MOVING AERATOR FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AQUA FARMING CHINTHAMREDDY HARSHAVARDHANREDDY 1 & SEERAM SREENIVASARAO2 1

Research Scholar, Robotics and Mechatronics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF, Deemed to be University), Green Fields, Andhra Pradesh, India 2

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF, Deemed to be University), Green Fields, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the development of smart moving aerator that can move without continuous human assistance. The smart moving aerator consists of low power consuming electrical components, and it can operate at very low power. This smart moving aerator moves and covers the entire range of pond and enhances the oxygen level to solve suffocation problems in aqua farming. The functioning of aerator could be controlled using remote transmitter, they are controlled by the microcontroller, which receives information from various sensors that collect data from the operating environment (in

action (require less attention from operators).

KEYWORDS: Aeration, Aerator, Sensors & Microcontroller

Received: Mar 28, 2020; Accepted: Apr 18, 2020; Published: May 21, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN202057

1. INTRODUCTION

Original Article

the air and under the water).This idea mainly concentrates on energy saving, manual operation, Budget saving and Smart

As the world population increases, the demand for the sea food also increases, because the people have taken sea food as a part of their diet. In aqua farming like production of fish in ponds, pond aeration is of greater importance.

In addition to food, the dissolved oxygen is one of the major parameters, which influences the growth of the fish, as oxygen is vitally needed for all the aquatic animals.

Solubility of oxygen can be enhanced by several methods, but in the fish farming ponds, aeration is the traditional methods used by the farmers from the long time back. Normally, general aerators are mechanical type and they are fixed at a particular place which requires manual operation, and also requires a lot of energy to perform aeration. In case of large farms, it requires more number of aerators, as the size of the pond increases the number of aerators also increases. Automatic devices to control aeration in response to the persistent changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are now more advanced, but they are more expensive and not fully reliable. In order to overcome the above problems, we proposed smart moving aerator, which consists of various functions and features that current products do not have. These functions and features include 

Capable of moving around, covering the entire range of fish pond



Avoiding collision with objects and edges of the pond.



Measures the amount of dissolved oxygen and performs aeration accordingly.

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

Device can turn ON and OFF Automatically.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW S.J.YOEH et.al. [1] developed an Automatic Feeding Machine for Aquaculture Industry. This feeding machine is controlled by digital timer, which feeds the fish according to pre-settled time schedule without any supervision of human operator. This machine is feeding at a rate of 250g/min.

Ogunlela AO and Adebayo AA [2], designed, constructed and evaluated an automatic fish feeder Using hopper (stainless steel), bi-directional motor, feed platform and electrical control box. Use of automatic feeder increases efficiency which is higher in automatic feeding (20.9%) than in manual feeding (18.6%).These results were based on feed conversion ratio (FCR) and efficiency of feeding.

Detailed investigation on Modeling and Control Fish Feeder System was carried out by Muhammad Hazwan Md Jamal et.al. [3].This research suggests the easy ways to feed the fish at the right cycle time. And also, reduces the more number of labor and time required for the farming person, who depends upon more on labor to handle the feeding operations in aqua farming Dileep kumar appana et.al. [4] developed a Feeder System for Shrimp Farming Using timer, spreading motor and 2 type of feed dispenser depend on type of feed. Based on the hourly reports and day-by-day reports they concluded that it improves the feed conversion by 30% and growth rate up to 30%.This system reduces the amount of food fed by 30%, which is a great reduction in labor size by 80% and increase the farming size of the aqua shrimp by30%, and finally prevented leaching of nutrients.

S.E.Abdallah et.al. [5] in their work evaluated An Automatic Feeder with Two Different Control Systems for Intensive Mirror Carp Production; Using Two ways control food provisions. Depends on water temperature, shrimp age, weight and the amount of oxygen consumed, An opened control system, based on the microcontroller (ATM89c51) controlled the exact work based on the tank requirements according to the carp cycle, and the other closed loop control system was determined by the above specified conditions

3. PROPOSED DESIGN

Figure 1: Overall Block Diagram of Moving Aerator.

Detailed explanation of each block is presented below.

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Power Supply Lead acid battery,which acts as a heart of the proposed system was used to supply power to the whole system. Total power supply to the device including motor, controller board andsensors is given by the 12v 4.5H battery. Power source also can be depends on the usage time.

Controller Board A controller is stand alone device that interfaces with other devices, controller acts as a brain of the aerator. During this method, Atmega 2560 microcontroller is employed. Microcontroller receives and interprets signals from the sensors mentioned. When the microcontroller receives a signal from the oxygen sensor that indicates low oxygen level, it’ll be programmed to turn on the aerator, likewise, if it receives that indicates high oxygen level, it’ll be programmed to turn off, automatically.

Oxygen Sensor EZO-DO circuit is employed as an oxygen sensor. It is installed at the top of the aerator. It is connected to a probe, which is merged in to water. The probe reads the data from the water and sends it to the sensor. The reading data is dissolved oxygen level, measured in mg/L. Reads

Dissolved oxygen (DO)

Range

-0.01 to 100 mg/L, 0.1 to 400+ %saturation

Accuracy

- +/-0.5mg/L

Time for response

- 1reading per second

Probes Supported

- Any galvanic probes

Temp. Compensation

- Yes

Salinity compensation

- Yes

Pressure compensation

- Yes

voltage

- 3.3v to 5v

Figure 2: EZO-DO Circuit [8].

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Figure 3: DO Probe [8].

Software Design In this, the probe can measure the two terms. The first is “% saturation”, which measures the actual amount of oxygen dissolved in water. The second term is “mg/L”, which measures the ability to hold oxygen.In this project, “mg/L” the ability to hold oxygen, is what we take in account to decide whether the aeration is needed or not. Finding out the “%saturation” straight forward, since the probe is designed to have an embedded multimeter to test the voltage when it is under water. “%saturation” can be calculated through the following equation.

Infrared Sensor We use Infrared sensor TSOP38238, which receives commands from transmitter during this project. It is installed on the top of the aerator. It is paired with an infrared transmitter and connected on to microcontroller. The user can send signal to turn on and off the aerator using the remote controller.

Software Design We first decode the value received by the IR sensor and send relative instructions to microcontroller. Specifically, Hex10EFD827 represents the ON /OFF button of the microcontroller.

Ultrasonic Sensor The ultrasonic sensor used is LV-Maxsonar-EZ. It is installed at the front of the aerator, so it can continuously measure the gap between the aerator and any obstacle in the pond.

Software Design The output waveform shape of the LV-Maxsonar sensor is in an exceedingly pulse shape. We use pulse width modulation to live distance. The fundamental quantity when the voltage is high is named as Time of Flight (TOF).The manufactured provides the scaling factor as 147us/inch. Also, 1inch=2.54 cm.The below equation summarizes the pwm method for distance measurement.

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Humidity Sensor In this we use DHT22, which could be a basic low cost and humidity sensor. It is installed on the top of the aerator, which might detect the temperature and humidity level within the air. It is connected with arduino mega 2560 and will send signal to turn on the device when temperature and humidity reach the programmed level.

Software Design Humidity level is calculated through the below equation.

RH = Relative Humidity =Sensor read out ,

,

are the conversion coefficients given within the data sheet. They’re determined by the quantity of bits of

.

4. METHODOLOGY OF PROPOSED SYSTEM The basic data flow starts from beginning, then does the sensor check and sends instructions to motor.

Figure 4: Flow Chart 1.

Initially, the microcontroller checks whether there is a signal from remote controller or not. If the IR sensor gets a “NO” signal, indicates that the aerator runs in manual mode. As long as the aerator is in manual mode, the working of aerator is totally depends upon the remote controller. If the IR sensor gets a “YES” signal, then microcontroller will begin to try to do the sensor check before sending instructions to motors.

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Figure 5: Flow Chart 2.

The microcontroller needs to check the readouts from oxygen sensor, humidity sensor and distance sensor separately. If the dissolved oxygen is a smaller amount than 7mg/L or temperature is larger than

c, the aerator is about

to “ON” mode. If neither of those two conditions is, it dictates that there’s an object within 10cm, only one motor are going to be powered on to create a turn and avoid collision. If nothing is present with in 10cm, both motors are turned on. After distance check, the microcontroller starts from the start to do the entire process again and again.

5. HARDWARE RESULTS The uniqueness of our project makes it hard to shop for the base and impeller fitting directly our design also, the time.

Hence we opted 3D printing, since such method enables us to customize the mechanical parts supported our will.

Figure 6: Top &Side View of PCB.

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Figure 7: Impeller.

In order to verify the functioning of whole system For Humidity & Temperature Sensor, we first record room humidity and temperature. Then, we blow hot air towards the sensor using blower and record the humidity and temperature level. After we blow hot air towards the sensor, the humidity level is 16.6% and also the temperature turns to 61.2 Celsius. To verify the temperature reading, we use thermometer to find the temperature again and shows that the temperature is 62.6 Celsius, which is pretty near to the reading from the humidity sensor. Also, we observe that as we blow hot air towards the humidity sensor, our device was automatically turned on since the humidity level is below the edge value we set.

For Infrared Sensor, we push specific button on the remote controller and so obverse how the impeller aerator responds. We observe that, within range of two meters, our device responds quickly and accurately as per the signal from remote controller. Figure below shows the status of our device, before and after we push the button.

Figure: 8 Before Pushing ON Button.

Figure 9: After Pushing ON Button For Ultrasonic Sensor, we placed an obstacle at the space of 5 inches (12.7 cm) prior the ultrasonic sensor. The sensor measurement matched the live distance during this case. Accuracy discussion: however, due to some manufacturing

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problem, supported several experiments, we found that the sensor readout for the gap less than 6 centimeters became inaccurate, particularly, fairly large. As an examplewhen the measured distance was set to be 3 centimeters, the readout was surprisingly around 27 centimeters, this will be also the reason that we set the turning distance 10 centimeters.

Figure 10: Ultrasonic Test Setup.

For oxygen Sensor, two experiments with specific conditions are performed. Hot water tends to carry less oxygen, because the gas evaporates faster with a higher water temperature. In other words, the sensor should output a lower readout in hot water then in cold water. Within the first experiment, we place the probe into two beakers of water.

One amongst them has cold water of 24°C and also the other has warm water of 55°C. When both readings reaches stable, the reading from the warm water indeed is smaller than that from cold water. The readouts of the sensor and setup of the experiment are shown below.

Even though promising results are found supported the above experiment, one must show that the water temperature doesn’t affect the reading additionally. After doing research, we discover that salt water tends to carry less oxygen than normal water. Within the second experiment, we place the probe into two beakers of water. One has salt water while the other has normal water. Both of the beakers of water have the identical temperature. After the readings become stable, the readout from the one with salt water is slightly smaller than that from normal water. The readouts of the sensor and setup of experiment two are shown below.

Figure 11: Experiment one of Oxygen Sensor [9].

6. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the proposed smart moving aerator system obtained very good results showing that multisensory strategy integrated to a remote control is a best approach to overcome the aeration problems in aqua farming.The power consumption required is greatly less and hence the operating cost is also very low. The aqua farmers would be highly benifitable with these types of automatic aeration devices, which reduces the human work and gives more yielding when compared to the present day aeration devices.

In further research, additional features may be added in smart moving aerator that are automatic food feeding, Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

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cleaning of pond etc.., the more advanced sensors can be used for the more precise data measurements, thus improving the performance of the system. By implementing the fuzzy logic in smart moving aerator, we can enable artificial intelligence in aeration.

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S. J. Yeoh, F. S. Taip, J. Endan, R. A. Talib, and M. K. S. Mazlina, “Development of automatic feeding machine for aquaculture industry,” Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 105-110, 2010.

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AUTHOR’S PROFILE

Mr.Chinthamreddy Harshavardhanreddy received his Bachelor’s Degree in Technology (ME) from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Ananthapur in 2018. Currently, pursuing Master of Technology in Mechanical Engineering with specialization Robotics & Mechatronics at Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF, Deemed to be University).Have been working as an apprentice researcher in Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited (TAFE) at Chennai.

Areas of research interests include Mechatronics, Automation, Artificial intelligence and prosthetics.

Dr.SeeramSreenivasarao received his B.Tech. in Mechanical engineering from Kakatiya University, Warangal in 1995, an Masters degree in CAD/CAM, Mechanical Engineering from Andhra University College of Engineering in 2003 and a Ph.D. in Mechanical engineering from Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India in 2012. His current research interests include CAD/CAM, Feature Recognition, Process Planning, NC part programming, Robotics and Mechatronics.

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