PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS ON CI ENGINE USING NEEM OIL BASED BIODIESEL

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 717-726 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS ON CI ENGINE USING NEEM OIL BASED BIODIESEL V. KUMAR1, PARTHA SARATHI CHAKRABORTY 2 & DULAL KRISHNA MANDAL3 1

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Vadapalani, India 2

Department of Adult, Continuing Education & Extension, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India 3

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

ABSTRACT Currently, the biggest threat to an environment and public health is air pollution, which is caused by emission of hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur oxide by burning of fossil fuel. Thus, it is essential to discover elective fuel, which can be manufactured in our own nation. Neem oil can be alternative requirement for diesel oil which is the real oil-based goods that are utilized as a part of transport and Nu bit farming segments in India. The fundamental favourable position of utilizing Neem oil is that a large number of their properties are perfect alternative to diesel oil and they can be developed and handled in country regions. In any case, motor execution is second rate compared to diesel because of their high consistency and their inclination to shape high smoke and particulate outflows. This can be

the execution and emanation qualities of Compression Ignition motor utilizing Neem oil, methanol, by mixing with diesel.

The different impacts of motor parameters on high productivity, smoke and the particular vitality utilization were analyzed and considered. Tests were directed on a Compression Ignition motor. The motor was worked utilizing diesel and Neem oil, methanol at various proportions. In all the above cases, the execution and the discharge attributes are to be investigated and the outcomes are acquired utilizing Engine Software.

Original Article

overwhelmed by blending the Neem oil with KOH, methanol. In this proposed work, it is intended to consider tentatively

KEYWORDS: CI Engine, Neem Oil, Biodiesel & Gas Emission

Received: Jan 18, 2020; Accepted: Feb 28, 2020; Published: May 22, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN202066

1. INTRODUCTION Diesel engines normally reveal higher thermal efficiency in automotive applications, due to their better fuel economy compared to gasoline engines. On the other hand, the combustion of diesel fuel emits more hazardous pollutants such as NOx and particulate matter than gasoline engines. The transportation segment is the single biggest customer of oil determined vitality. Generally, fluid hydrocarbons have developed as the essential transportation fuel in light of their high vitality content per unit volume and as a result of the effortlessness of fluid fuel dealing with and conveyance frameworks rather than those required for strong or vaporous energizes. In addition, energy sources such as these could partially replace the use of those fuels which are responsible for environmental pollution and may be scarce in the future. For these reasons they are known as alternative fuels”.

Vegetable oil cannot be directly used in the diesel engine for its high viscosity, high density, high flash point and lower calorific value.

1.1 Business Driving Factors of Alternative Fuels Many factors are driving factors of market alternative fuels. However, not all the factors are related to the

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environment. The factors that discussed below are the main reason why alternative fuels make significant inroads into the market for new vehicles.

1.1.1 Greenhouse Gas Emission In general, the climate change will refer to long term prediction of rise in temperature, wind, monsoon etc. Natural process such as solar radiation is changing the earth's orbital parameters and volcanic disasters may change earth's temperature. An impact of fuels on global warming depends on production of fuels.

1.1.2 Air Quality Every year in the world 1000 million tons of pollutants emits through industrial operations and transportation. This may lead to cause a breathing difficulty, forms urban smog, impair visibility and effected eco-system. Alternative fuels will make clean environment when compared to the conventional fuel.

1.1.3 Depletion of Fossil Fuels The fossil fuels were formed over millions of years ago under pressure and heat of the dead organic matter through anaerobic process. In 2003, utilization of fossil fuel raise to 1.4 million barrels per day across the world. For industrial purpose, it increases by 0.7% day by day and demand of fossil fuel tends to rise by 55% per year. So, to compensate this demand, we are supposed to find an alternative fuel, through which we may reach the demand by 45-50% by 2030.

1.2 Interest in Neem Oil Neem oil contains steroids and an over abundance of tri-torpedoed.

1.3 Biodiesel Production Biodiesel can be produced through various methods such as blending, emulsification, transesterification, thermal cracking.

These, Transesterification of vegetable oils seeds, by all accounts, to be more appropriate Transesterification is the synthetic response between triglycerides, furthermore, liquor within the sight of impetus to deliver monoesters. The long and expanded chain triglyceride particles are changed to monoesters and glycerine.

2 METHODOLOGIES For creating biodiesel from non-consumable neem oil, the procedure comprises of two stages in particular, acidic esterification and alkaline esterification.

Acidic Esterification The firsts step diminishes the FFA estimation of unrefined neem oil to around 2% utilizing corrosive impetus.

Alkaline Esterification Subsequent to evacuating the pollutions of the result of first step, it is Transeterified to mono-esters of unsaturated fats utilizing antacid impetus. The parameters influencing the procedure, for example, liquor to oil molar proportion, impetus sum, response temperature and length are investigated.

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3. ESTERIFICATION SETUP

Figure 3.1: Esterification Setup.

A round base cup is utilized as lab scale reactor for these trial purposes. A hot plate with attractive stirrer course of action is utilized for warming the blend in the cup. The blend is mixed at a similar speed for all trials. The temperature scope of 50 – 60°C is maintained amid this test.

3.1 Two-Step Reaction Process Tests have shown that the oil with FFA with 20-40% FFA after pre-treatment gets reduced to below 1% of FFA. An acid catalysed technique has a much faster reaction rate and it gives more yields. It usually requires a temperature of 60°C and atmospheric pressure. The product from this method can be used to perform alkaline for the highest yield of methyl esters.

Once the Transesterification is completed, the next step is to purify it. The raw products in the separation funnel are a mixture of excess alcohol, free fatty acids, catalyst and the unimportant by-product glycerol. These are to be separated as only pure methyl ester is required.

3.2 Removal of Glycerol Glycerol is washed from the ester fluid by either washing the entire compound formed or by secondary reaction. Washing is done by using water or a mild acid. The ester loses the excess glycerol in the biodiesel layer which can be removed using the reaction with an alkaline catalyst instead of water washing. Catalysts is added after the methanol is removed which gets converted into the tri-glycerides. Once the tri-glycerides are removed, they can be again added to the raw feed oil and can re-enter the process. After this process, they can be converted in usable methyl esters.

3.3 Removal of Methanol Excess methanol must be removed as it is not really necessary. So, the ester phase must be purified. Heating the ester solution will remove the excess methanol present in the methyl ester layer. This must be performed before any stages of washing or treatment, in-order to avoid extra processing of methanol separation from water.

3.4 Removal of Free Fatty Acids If the Free Fatty Acids are left behind in the oil produced, it will cause problems related to the fuel’s efficiency. These www.tjprc.org

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FFA’s can be removed after the Transesterification reaction by adding some acid. As mentioned before in acid catalysed method, a small amount of acid can be added to react with excess FFA’s. The acids must be washed out of the solution before further processes.

3.5 Removal of Catalysts Catalysts can be eliminated from the bio-diesel by washing with water. Mixture can then let to settle and the two layers separate.

3.6 Washing Procedures Water is used as a washing element as it dissolves the catalysts and methanol which helps in getting separated from the oil after being mixed. The biodiesel layer is usually washed three times. This technique is quite common which is used by mixing and separating the water.

3.7 Drying Procedures The biodiesel is washed for purification of the products and to remove the unnecessary compounds in the biodiesel. The bio-diesel, after washing is quite wet and it has to be dried as the bio-diesel must be free from water content so as to use as a fuel alternative. Drying water in biodiesel requires one simple process that is, heating the mixture to a temperature. The water is hence separated, and the bio-diesel is free from water content in the fuel.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Performance Analysis The experiments were conducted on a kirloskar made four stroke single cylinder diesel water cooled direct inject compression ignition engine without any hardware modification. Neem biodiesel blends and diesel was used to test the conventional engine. The engine was coupled with an eddy current dynamometer.

Table 4.1: BTE vs B20, B10

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Figure 4.1: BTE vs BMEP The Brake Mean Effective Pressure is considered as independent variable and the dependent variable of Brake Thermal Efficiency in percentage is constructed.

4.1 Indicated Thermal Efficiency The variation of indicated thermal efficiency with brake mean pressure for the biodiesel blends and diesel is shown in figure 5.3.Indicated thermal efficiency is slightly lower at part, but at full pressure, they are comparable with the diesel.

Table 4.2: BMEP vs ITE

Figure 4.2: Indicated Thermal Efficiency vs BMEP

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4.3 Mechanical Efficiency Table 4.3: Mechanical Efficiency vs BMEP

Figure 4.3: Mechanical Efficiency vs BMEP 4.4 Volumetric Efficiency The variation of volumetric efficiency with brake mean pressure for the Neem biodiesel blends and diesel is shown in figure 5.4. The volumetric efficiency is slightly higher at part, but at full pressure, they are comparable with the diesel.

Table 4.4: Volumetric Efficiency vs BMEP

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Figure 4.4: Volumetric Efficiency vs BMEP 4.5 Specific Fuel Consumption The variation of specific fuel consumption with brake mean pressure for the Neem biodiesel blends and diesel is shown in Figure 5.5 The specific fuel consumption is slightly higher at part, but at full pressure, they are comparable with the diesel.

Table 4.5: SFC vs BMEP

Figure 4.5: SFC vs BMEP. 4.6 Exhaust Gas Temperature The variation of exhaust gas temperature with brake mean pressure for the Neem biodiesel blends with diesel is shown in www.tjprc.org

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figure 4.6. The exhaust gas temperature is slightly higher at part, but at full pressure, they are comparable with the diesel.

Table 4.6: Exhaust Gas Temperature vs BMEP

Figure 4.6: Exhaust Gas Temperature vs BMEP.

5. CONCLUSIONS 

A single cylinder water cooled compression ignition engine was operated successfully using Neem oil biodiesel, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends.



Neem oil biodiesel, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends results in a slight increase of 40 % brake thermal efficiency, as compared to diesel.

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Neem oil biodiesel, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends results in a slight decrease of 13 % indicated thermal efficiency, as compared to diesel.

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Neem oil biodiesel, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends results in a slight increase of 17 % mechanical efficiency as compared to the diesel.

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Neem oil biodiesel, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends results in a slight decrease of 0.1 % specific fuel consumption as compared to diesel.

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Neem oil biodiesel, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends B10 results in a slight increase of

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15OC exhaust gas temperature, as compared to diesel. 

Combustion parameters for Neem oil, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends such as ignition delay and peak pressure were nearly close to those observed for diesel oil combustion at the same load, speed and nozzle diameter.



Neem oil biodiesel, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends results in a slight decrease of 2 % CO emission, as compared to the diesel. Neem oil biodiesel, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends results in a slight decrease of 2.16 % NOx emission, as compared to diesel.

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Neem oil biodiesel, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends results in a slight increase of 0.12 % HC emission as compared to diesel.

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Neem oil biodiesel, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends results in a slight decrease of 0.4 % CO2 emission, as compared to diesel.

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Neem oil biodiesel, methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends results in an increase with 3.56 % O2 emission, as compared to diesel.

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Filter smoke number for the Neem oil methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends was lower than the diesel.

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On the whole, it is concluded that the Neem oil methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends and diesel blend will be good alternative fuel for the diesel engine.

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Efficiency and Emission of to B20 blends is equal and lesser when compared to Diesel.

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Performance and emission test on compression ignition engine using Neem oil methanol, with and without nickel oxide and diesel blends is done.

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The mechanical efficiency of the butane and diesel blend is more.

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