CHARACTERIZATION OF MECHANICAL AND FRACTURAL BEHAVIOR IN TAILORED MADE AL (8081) NANO METAL MATRIX C

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 1091–1106 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

CHARACTERIZATION OF MECHANICAL AND FRACTURAL BEHAVIOR IN TAILORED MADE AL (8081) NANO METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH Zr/Mg/TiO2 KARAKA. V.V.N.R. CHANDRA MOULI1, BALLA SRINIVASA PRASAD2* & A.V. SRIDHAR3 1 2*

Ph.D. Scholar, Mechanical Engineering, GIT, GITAM, Visakhapatnam, India

Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, GIT, GITAM, Visakhapatnam, India 3

Ph.D. Scholar, Mechanical Engineering, GIT, GITAM, Visakhapatnam, India

ABSTRACT Prejudiced by the notion of metal matrix composites being the most advanced inventions in the present era, an approach in manufacturing that of tailored made Nano metal matrix composites has been carried out and investigated in the present paper. This interpretation is done with tailoring the mixture of non-prevalent nano particles of Zr/Mg/TiO2 with 15% and 47% weight ratios into the existing Al (8081) alloy composition. Ensuing investigation of the structural and mechanical behavior of the Nano metal matrix composite (NMMC) samples, the characterization is reimbursed from the tests of hardness, tensile, compressive and fatigue failure analysis. Since, the work mainly signifies the importance of

and microstructure. The tailored composition gave an audacious impression in creating astonishing merchandise which is discussed ornately. Therefore, the experimental investigation is based on achieving the goal for advancement and progress of the material mechanical behavior.

KEYWORDS: Metal Matrix Nanocomposites, Oxidized Zirconium, Nano-reinforcement & Aluminium Hybrid Composites

Original Article

reinforcing nano particles of Zr/Mg/TiO2 into the metal matrix, it thereby estimates the improved mechanical properties

Received: Mar 07, 2020; Accepted: Mar 27, 2020; Published: Jun 13, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN202094

1. INTRODUCTION These days, requests for creating metal matrix composites for usage in elite applications have been fundamentally expanded. Different sorts of artistic materials, for example SiC, Al, Mg etc., are widely used to fortify aluminum compound grids [1]. The main properties of hardness [2], compression [3], tensile [4] etc. are put together by the study of matrix composites [5] based on categories of metal alloys. In spite of the intense research carried out on MMC’s, yet it couldn’t fulfill the broad applications of predominate properties of these materials because of their low-cost effectiveness [6] and difficulty in attaining properties standardization. In any case, low wettability with liquid metals and thickness contrasts increment their propensity toward agglomeration, which crumble mechanical properties. MMC’s which join metallic properties of framework combinations (malleability and sturdiness) with ceramic properties of high quality and high modulus, prompt more noteworthy quality [7] , along with shear, compression and higher help temperature [8] capacities. Among these composites, aluminum compound framework composites [9] draw a lot of consideration because of their daintiness, high warm conductivity [10], moderate throwing temperature. In this manner, various endeavors have been made to beat the referenced shortcoming.

Sometimes, these composites are exposed to resulting age solidifying for improving mechanical properties [11].

www.tjprc.org

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

editor@tjprc.org

1092

Karaka. V.V.N.R. Chandra Mouli, Balla Srinivasa Prasad & A.V. Sridhar

Nano composites has been created as a solution for improved microstructures [12]. Nanocomposites lead to high improved properties when combined with aluminum trioxide nano particles into the aluminum matrix [13] resulting in high strength, corrosion resistive, lighter materials. Being invasion to that of aluminum nano composites, it is expected to reveal outstanding properties when arranged by alloying of powder particles [14]. With the innovation of nano metal matrix composites being embedded with fine particles [15], it speaks out to parade high higher propensity toward agglomerations into the matrix. In this way, every possible support for resolving possible lattice affinities for the advanced MMC’s will be in a row by the approach it developed. Moreover, this approach can prompt nanosized microstructure with improved properties [16] contrasted with their traditional microcrystalline structures. Hard sustenance nano particulates [17], [18] can be delivered by mechanochemical prepartion, in which high-vitality processing advances the response in a blend of receptive powders. High-vitality processing can build the reactivity of the framework and, thus can prompt concoction responses in powder blends at room temperature or else at much lower temperatures upon no activity. Nevertheless, a crucial research in the study of effect of reinforcements on to the enhanced property reasoning of the nano metal matrix composites has not been done till date.

Therefore, the present work aims at characterizing the Nano metal matrix composites Al (8081) reinforced with nano particles of Mg, TiO2 along with Zr which is tailored into the matrix, creating a new era of NMMC’s. This is virtue of its economical advancements in alloying materialistic microstructural, mechanical and fatigue behavioral properties owing to the fortuning in nano metal matrix era.

Methodology

Figure 1(a): Methodology Overview.

Methodology in the present work as shown in the Figure 1(a) involves the characterizing and analyzing the prepared tailored made nano metal matrix composites in order to attain a new era of development in materials and manufacturing. The article reveals the mechanical and material strength resulting in the outcomes based on less weight to density ratio. Elaborately, the specimen is prepared, dimensioned, characterized and observations are obtained which is shown in graphical abstract above.

Material Manufacture and Tailoring The present work integrated with nano powders of Zr, Mg and TiO2 is of 60nm-70nm scale are individual particles having nanometre scale ranging from 1nm to 100nm formed by bonding of large number of molecules and atoms with one another. Nano metal matrix composite is prepared embedding into taken Al (8081) metal matrix having peripeties which is having lighter weight when alloyed with stronger compositions like zirconium and magnesium. The chemical composition and properties of Al (8081) is shown in the Table 1 and Table 2.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

NAAS Rating: 3.11

Characterization of Mechanical and Fractural Behavior in Tailored Made Al (8081) Nano Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Zr/Mg/TiO2

1093

Table 1: Chemical Composition Eleme nt

Al

Li

Cu

Mg

Fe

Zn

Si

Ti

Cr

Mn

Zr

Other (each)

Conte nt (%)

93 96.2

2.2 2.7

11.6

0.60 1.3

≤ 0.30

≤ 0.25

≤ 0.20

≤ 0.10

≤ 0.10

≤ 0.10

0.040 0.16

≤ 0.050

Othe r (total ) ≤ 0.15

Table 2: Physical Properties Properties Metric Imperial Density 2.54 g/cm³ 0.0918 lb/in³ Melting point 600 - 655°C 1110 - 1210°F 1.1.

Fabrication Methodology in Tailoring of NMMC

The tailoring of nano particles of Zr, Mg and TiO2 is of 70nm scale proportional wt. ratio of 15% and 47% are agglomerated into the Al (8081) metal matrix through preheated advanced stir casting technique. The overall process is carried out at a temperature of above 6600C resulting in fine quality Nano metal matrix composite, which are obtained from the moulds having dimensions 150mm×150mm×50mm carried out by the process of casting technique. The moulds are left for proper solidification time up to 40 minutes and thereby obtaining fine tailored made NMMC’s which is as shown in the Figure 2. The main aim of the present work is to characterize the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of the Al-8081 reinforced with tailored Nano particles that gave a boon in broadly creating a material ratio with less weight to density. In order to investigate, the samples are dimensioned to 5mm×10mm×100mmas per ASTM standards using a ULTRACUT-843, Electronica Automatic CNC Wire cut EDM which is shown in the Figure 3. WCEDM is a controlled metal removal process having accuracy of repeated positioning with 0.001mm thickness and best surface finish of 0.001mm with a wire feed rate of 500 mm/rev.

Figure 2: NMMC Sample

Fig. 3: Specimen Dimensioning using WCEDM

Fig.4: Dimensioned Specimens (5mm×10mm×100mm).

The dimensioning of test work pieces is done by utilizing ATH grade material wire of 0.25mm diameter, run by ELPULS 50 S CNC controller. Subsequently, the NMMC of Al-Zr/Mg/TiO2 (15%) and Al-Zr/Mg/TiO2 47% with required measurements are set up as appeared in the Figure 4, in order to execute the further trademark examinations.

www.tjprc.org

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

editor@tjprc.org

1094

Karaka. V.V.N.R. Chandra Mouli, Balla Srinivasa Prasad & A.V. Sridhar

2. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION The experimental investigation is carried out for characterizing prepared samples of Al-Zr/Mg/TiO2 (15%) and AlZr/Mg/TiO2 47% under pressurized conditions of Hardness, Fatigue, Tensile and compression.

Figure 4(a): Graphical Representation of the Experimental Investigation.

This graphical representation of the Experimentation in turn reveal the overall complete mechanical characteristics and fatigue failure analysis which are discussed based on the materialistic upgradations using NMMC, as shown in the Figure 4(a) clearly.

1.2.

Hardness Test

The prepared samples of (15%) wt., and (47%) wt., ratios having dimensions of 5mm×10mm×100mm are measured for hardness using SHIMADZU HMV-GMicro Vickers Hardness Testeras per ASTM standards are shown the Figure 5.The average mean of five times the measuring accuracy is maintained during intonation of the specimen applying 1kg load at 1 s dwell time.

Figure 5: Micro Vickers Hardness.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

Figure 6: Sample VHN Reading of 47% wt.

NMMC.

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

NAAS Rating: 3.11

Characterization of Mechanical and Fractural Behavior in Tailored Made Al (8081) Nano Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Zr/Mg/TiO2

1095

The micro Vickers hardness readings are obtained for one of the samples of 47% wt. ratio which is as shown in the Figure 6.

1.3.

Fatigue Test

The fatigue test was performed for both the specimens of 15% wt. and 47% wt. having dimensions 5mm×10mm×100mm on and INSTRON 8011 with an epicyclic loading up to 100000 cycles at a room temperature of 32°C. The specimens as shown in the Figure 7 were tested for failure analysis maintaining 4 hours duration time each, determining the stress bared by the graphical plots obtained which is as shown in the Figure 8.

Figure 7: Fatigue Testing of 15% sample Fatigue Test on Universal Testing Machine (8801)

Figure 8: Fatigue Testing of 15% Sample

HPU configurated typical vertical motor is used in the investigation of fatigue machine. The data for the stress cyclic observations are collected by extensometer sensor. The elongation of the specimen is measured plotting mini tower, maximum and minimum load conditions though a PC console.

1.4.

Tensile Test

Uniaxial tractable testing is the most regularly utilized for getting the mechanical attributes of isotropic materials utilizing biaxial elastic testing process, the anxiety in sample materials having dimensions of 5mm×10mm×100mm are examined on an INSTRON 8801 as per ASTN standards, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10. Therefore, the ductile trademark properties of the NMMC's are investigated resulting in tensile stress-strain graphically plots obtained graphically connected to a PC console.

www.tjprc.org

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

editor@tjprc.org

1096

Karaka. V.V.N.R. Chandra Mouli, Balla Srinivasa Prasad & A.V. Sridhar

Figure 9: Tensile Testing of 47% Sample

1.5.

Figure 10: Tensile Testing of 47% Sample

Compression Test

The fabricated NMMC’s specimen samples required dimensions 30mm diameter and 10mm length are prepared. The compressive strength of the samples is tested on and INSTRON 8801 as per ASTM E9 Standards which are as shown in the Figure 11. During the test, the specimen tends to destruct and results are obtained using a PC Console.

Figure 11: Compression Testing

Figure 12: Graphical Plots of Compression.

The graphical plots are obtained for the compressive analysis of the specimens determining the compressive load (N) with respect to the compressive extension (mm) which is as shown in the Figure 12.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS From experimental investigations, results obtained as per ASTN standards in finding out the mechanical properties, microstructure and fatigue failure by the following discussions of microstructure, hardness, tensile, compression and fatigue behavior.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

NAAS Rating: 3.11

Characterization of Mechanical and Fractural Behavior in Tailored Made Al (8081) Nano Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Zr/Mg/TiO2

1.6.

1097

X-ray Spectroscopy Analysis

From the EDS analysis Al 8081- with percentage composition of Zr/Mg/TiO2 nano particles identifying the pattern of peaks of Ti, Zr, Mg and Al in NMMC alloy prepared which are as shown in the Figure 13. Components are expected to weld with matrix materials, the crystalline size of the nano powder materials having 70mm with weight ratio embedded into the metal matrix with 15% and 47%. The EDS microstructures are observed at 10 microns and 100 microns for the samples which are as shown in the Figure 11 and 12.

Figure 11: Microstructure at 10µm.

Figure 12: EDS Report at 100µm.

Figure 13: Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS).

The EDS analysis on the prepared NMMC samples is carried out at different magnifications, as discussed earlier.

The microstructural elements present in the specimen sample are assessed, which are Zr, Mg, Ti and Al along with the microstructural grain elements resembling additional composition by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) as shown in Figure 13. The elements present are clearly analyzed for its microstructure where Ti is observed higher in specimen with 47% along with the Zr. The depths in the fields are observed for the breakage and cracks, as shown in the figure represents the carbon content in the microstructural area, as shown in the Figure 12 and Figure 13. This reasonably recommends for higher strength study.

1.7 Hardness The hardness of the Nano metal matrix composite samples we tested on a Micro Vickers Hardness (HMV-G) (G20 Series)

www.tjprc.org

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

editor@tjprc.org

1098

Karaka. V.V.N.R. Chandra Mouli, Balla Srinivasa Prasad & A.V. Sridhar

ISO6507-1, -2 as per ASTN standards. The hardness observed for the prepared specimens of Al-Zr/Mg/Ti 15% and 47% are obtained, as shown in the Table 3.

S. No

Table 3: Hardness of Al (8081)-Ti (15%) and Al (8081)-Ti (47%) wt.

Average Length Percentage of L2=Length of Hardness L1=Length of of Diagonal Nano Second value first Diagonal = mm Compositions Diagonal

1.

2.

15 % 47 %

169.2 143.26

155.58 164.01

70.2 78.5

162.39 153.63

VHN= 0.007170888 0.008011451

Calculating Micro Vickers Hardness (VHN) Parameters L1= Length of first diagonal L2= Length of second diagonal Average length of diagonal = (

) mm

(1)

Average length of diagonal (Al-Ti) 9%wt = (

) = 162.39mm

Average length of diagonal = (

) mm

Average length of diagonal (Al-Ti) 47%wt = (

) = 153.63mm

Vickers Hardness = (

)

(2)

Force = Load (N) = 1KN = 1000Newton d = Average length of diagonal Vickers Hardness of Al-Ti (15%) wt. = ( Vickers Hardness = (

) = 0.007170888

)

Vickers Hardness of Al-Ti (47%) wt. = (

) = 0.008011451

Through calculating the mean diagonals (1), the micro Vickers hardness (2) is observed to be 0.07170 for NMMC with 15% wt. and 0.00801 for 47% wt. ratio. Graphs are plotted based on the observations from the Table 3. The theoretical and measurement are proved to be exact giving the proof of fact, as shown in figure 6.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

NAAS Rating: 3.11

Characterization of Mechanical and Fractural Behavior in Tailored Made Al (8081) Nano Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Zr/Mg/TiO2

1099

Wt. % Vs HARDNESS 0.0080114

0.0082

51

Micro Vickers Hardness (VHN)

0.008 0.0078 0.0076 0.0074

0.0071708 88

0.0072

0.007

0%

10%

20%

30%

wt. %

40%

50%

Figure 14: Micro Vickers hardness (VHN) Vs wt. % of NMMC. From the Figure 14, it clearly evident that the NMMC of 47% wt. of Zr/Mg/TiO2 obtained greater Micro Vickers hardness of 0.008011 when compared to that of 15% wt. composition having 0.007170 VHN. The study came across a proof of fact that, with the increase in the weight percentage of nano particles, the hardness of the NMMC increases.

1.7.

Tensile Strength

The tensile strength observations for the prepared NMMC samples of 15% wt. and 47% wt. ratio are obtained at maximum loads applied of 9.47kN and 10.32kN, as shown in the Table 4.

Specimen Al6061/Zr/Mg /Ti 15% Al6061/Zr/Mg /Ti 47%

Table 4: Tensile Strength of NMMC Sample of 15% wt. and 47% wt.

Maximum Load Load at Break UTS Tensile Stress at Yield (Offset 0.2 (kN) (kN) (MPa) %) (MPa) 9.47

5.83

118.36

100.23

10.32

6.76

129.02

116.87

Figure 15: Comparative Tensile Strength of NMMC 15% and 47%.

From the Table 4, the graphs are plotted, as shown in the Figure 15 which compares the tensile strength of NMMC samples. From the Figure 15, it is observed that the sample with 15% wt. maximum tensile strength is 118.36kN at a maximum load at 9.47 kN, whereas the 47% wt. sample has a tensile strength at 129.02 kN at maximum load at 10.32kN, thereby resulting in NMMC sample with 47% wt. ratio showing higher ultimate tensile strength with breaking load when

www.tjprc.org

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

editor@tjprc.org

1100

Karaka. V.V.N.R. Chandra Mouli, Balla Srinivasa Prasad & A.V. Sridhar

compared to 15% wt. sample.

1.8.

Compression Strength

From the investigation results, the compression strength value is obtained, as shown in the Table 5.

Table 5: Compression Strength of Al/Zr/Mg/TiO2 (15%) wt. Vs Al/Zr/Mg/TiO2(47%) Specimen label Maximum Load (kN) Compressive Strength (MPa) Al/Zr/Mg/Ti 15% 80.77028 401.72 Al/Zr/Mg/Ti 47% 102.20015 508.3 From the Table 5, the comparative compressive analysis of the samples prepared is plotted for the values which are shown in the Figure 16.

COMPRESSION STRENGTH (MPa) of Al-Zr/Mg/TiO2 (15%) Vs (47%) 508.3 401.72

600 400

102.20015

80.77028

200 0 Al-Zr/Mg/Ti 15%

Al-Zr/Mg/Ti 47%

Load Vs Compressive Strength Maximum Load (kN)

Compressive Strength (Mpa)

Figure 16: Compressive Strength of NMMC sample.

From the Figure 16, the NMMC sample with 15% wt. which is compared to 47% wt. sample reveal the fact that the specimen with 47% wt. ratio exhibits higher compressive strength i.e., 508.3 MPa when compared to 15% wt. ratio baring 401.72 MPa oppressiveness. The maximum load withstanding capability of sample with 47% is 102 kN which is greater when compared to that of 15% wt. NMMC sample having capability of 80.77kN. 1.9.

Fatigue Analysis

The fatigue failure analysis is carried out for samples of NMMC (15%) wt. and observations are obtained which are as shown in the Table 6.

Table 6: Fatigue of Al (8081)-TiO2 (15%) wt.: Load (8800 Position (8800 Minitower: Total Cycles Minitower: Position): Load): Maximum (mm) Maximum (kN) 1 -57.2143278 3.037729114 10000 -57.14027012 4.990731832 40000 -57.1375518 4.990477581 62000 -57.12264291 5.003212392 100000 -57.0969493 4.97853104 Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

NAAS Rating: 3.11

Characterization of Mechanical and Fractural Behavior in Tailored Made Al (8081) Nano Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Zr/Mg/TiO2

1101

From the Table 6, the values of baring maximum load capability of the specimen with 15% wt. is calculated based on 100000 total cycles elapsed at an average and graphs are plotted, as shown in the Figure 17.

FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF Al-Zr/Mg/TiO2 (15%)

6

[VALUE]

[VALUE]

[VALUE]

44000

62000

5.097853104

Load (88800 Mini Tower

5 4

[VALUE]

3 2 1 0 1

9000

Cycle Elapsed (n) Linear (Load)

100000

Load

Figure 17: Fatigue analysis of NMMC of 15% wt. sample with Load (kN) Vs Cycles Elapsed (n) From the Figure 17, it is observed that the maximum load of 5.097 kN bared at 10000 cycles. Similarly, the fatigue analysis of NMMC with 47% wt. sample is observed and tabulated, as shown in the Table 7.

Table 7: Fatigue of Al (8081)-TiO2 (47%) wt.: Position (8800 Minitower: Position): Maximum Load (8800 Minitower: Load): (mm) Maximum (kN) -57.14377026 4.040809348 -57.03430882 6.006122939 -57.02809336 6.00406481 -57.01214155 6.003107969 -56.97911413 6.006577145

Total Cycles 1 10000 40000 62000 100000

Load (88800 Mini Tower

7

FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF Al-Zr/Mg/TiO2 (47%) [VALUE]

[VALUE]

[VALUE] 6.006577145

6 [VALUE] 5 4 3 2 1 0 1

9000

Cycle Load

44000 62000 Elapsed Linear(n) (Load)

100000

Figure 18: Fatigue analysis of NMMC of 47% wt. sample with Load(kN) Vs Cycles elapsed (n) www.tjprc.org

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

editor@tjprc.org

1102

Karaka. V.V.N.R. Chandra Mouli, Balla Srinivasa Prasad & A.V. Sridhar Figure 18 shows the incremental graph with elapsed cycles of 10000 at which the load bearing capability is

observed at 6.0065 kN, thereby resulting in the increased strength of the NMMC with 47% wt. The prime moto of the study is to investigate the mechanical and fatigue failure of the NMMC with increased wt. composition. Since, it is necessary to comparatively study the fatigue failure of NMMC with 15% wt. and 47% wt. thereby tabulating the comparative load bear ability of samples, as shown in the Table 8.

Total Cycles 1 10000

Table 8: Fatigue of Al (8081)-TiO2 (15%) wt. Vs Fatigue of Al (8081)-TiO2 (47%) wt.

Load (8800 Minitower: Load): Maximum (kN) Load (8800 Minitower: Load): Maximum 15 % (kN) 47 % 3.037729114 4.040809348 4.990731832 6.006122939

40000 62000 100000

4.990477581 5.003212392 4.97853104

6.00406481 6.003107969 6.006577145

Load(8800 MiniTower:Load):Maximum (kN)

From the observation in the Table 8, the graphs for comparative analysis is plotted and is shown in the Figure 19.

FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF 15% wt. Vs 47% wt.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1

10000

40000

62000

100000

Cycles Elapsed (n) Sample-1/(15%) wt.

Sample-2/(47%) wt.

Figure 19: Comparative Fatigue Analysis of 15% wt. sample Vs. 47% wt. sample.

Graphs plotted in the Figure 19 show comparative fatigue failure analysis of the samples, it clearly defines that that NMMC sample with 47% wt. shows improved life than that of 15% wt. at elapsed cycles of 10000 with maximum load applied being 6.006577145 kN. Hence, it is clearly observed that the life of the NMMC is increased with the increased wt. % of Nano composition, proving the estimation of improved mechanical properties and fatigue behaviour.

6. CRITICAL DISCUSSIONS From the results obtained, it is clearly evident based on the factors, hardness of the materials is defined to be higher with respect to the increased nano particle percentage, that is, 0.00801145 VHN in 47% composition when compared to 15% composition. This gives a resilient detail of interest from the microstructure of specimens, wherein Ti is observed higher, taking EDS report at 10 microns magnifications from Figures 11,12 and 13. From Figure 4, which is analysed by the results obtained in the table 4, it clearly observed that the tensile property of the specimen with higher composition is more

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

NAAS Rating: 3.11

Characterization of Mechanical and Fractural Behavior in Tailored Made Al (8081) Nano Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Zr/Mg/TiO2

1103

having116.87 MPa when compared to specimen with 15% which is having 100.23 MPa. The compressive strength of the specimen with 47% is observed to be 508.3 MPa when compared to 15% composition specimen having 401.72 MPa. This shows increased compressive strength with an increased nano composition which is observed from that of Table 5.

Similarly, the fatigue strength of the specimen with NMMC 47% stands higher bearing capability of 6.006577145 kN than 15% having 5.003212392 kN from the figure 19. Therefore, the overall mechanical characteristics of the NMMC’s prepared is observed to be gradually increased with an overall strength of 47% composition, giving the proof of fact obtained from microstructural observations as shown in the Energy-Dispersive (EDS) graph in Figure 13. Microstructure, if the tailored NMMC was investigated reveal that particles bonding into the matrix material led to improved hardness with increased mechanical properties of fatigue, compression and tension. Traces of Mg is observed at a cross sectional area of the NMMC which is as shown in the Figure 20. A void/pit is observed for porosity and revealed that the cause is due to quicker coolant factor at the material bonding interface that led a way near filed which is traced with Mg along with Al being Matrix, as shown in the Figure 21. Similarly, the investigation shows that groves observed in the microstructure is shown in the Figure 22, where Mg is improperly bonded caused due to slower cooling. rate.

a) b) Figure 20:(a) SEM Micrograph of material at cross sectional area (b) EDS Analysis of NMMC.

a)

b) Figure 21: (a) SEM Micrograph Investigating Void/Poreb)EDS composition of NMMC.

www.tjprc.org

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

editor@tjprc.org

1104

Karaka. V.V.N.R. Chandra Mouli, Balla Srinivasa Prasad & A.V. Sridhar

(a) (b) Figure 22:a) SEM micrograph of traces of Mg b) EDS composition alaysis at the nearest trace

CONCLUSIONS The important aspect of the investigation was to develop a tailored made nano metal matrix composite with improved mechanical characteristics. This empowerss a boon to broadly classify era in materialistic upgradations, reinforcing non prevailed non-predominant elemental material composition in a metal matrix such as zirconium particles (Zr). The experimental investigation which is based on characterization of tailored made NMMC’s gave a path for enabling economically new advancement in NMMC’s. Results reveal that the Al (8081)-Zr/Mg/TiO2 47% wt. ratio exhibited higher mechanical characteristics when compared to that of NMMC with 15% wt. ratio upon external forces applied. Thus, it proved the fact of developed winning material with enhanced mechanical properties.

The study from the experimental investigation signifies that: •

The Tailored made NMMC appears to be a key composite with improved mechanical properties following ratio of greatly reduced weight to density.

•

Overall compressive strength of the NMMC with 47% wt. ratio is 508.3 MPa which is significantly improved when compared to that of composite with 15% wt. having 401.72 MPa and base Al alloy.

•

The life cycle of the tailored NMMC with 47% wt. ratio observed to progressively increased i.e.,6.006 kN at 100000 cycles to that of NMMC with 15% wt. ratio5.0032 kNat 100000 cycles load elapsed and to that of wrought Al alloy.

•

The higher the percentage of nano reinforcements in Al (8081) metal matrix, the higher the exhibition of mechanical properties and better fatigue behavior.

•

The tailored made NMMC successfully exhibited advanced materialistic properties through the EDS report showing seamless agglomeration of nano powders into the matrix.

On conclusion, results reveal that Al (8081)-Zr/Mg/TiO2 47% wt. exhibited higher mechanical characteristics when compared to that of NMMC with 15% wt. ratio thus proving the fact of developed winning material with enhanced mechanical properties and fatigue behaviour.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

NAAS Rating: 3.11

Characterization of Mechanical and Fractural Behavior in Tailored Made Al (8081) Nano Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Zr/Mg/TiO2

1105

Applications Tailored made nano metal matrix composites are applicable in high strength with lighter weight materials in automotive, aerospace, biomedical engineering, etc., These materials also provide sustainability to increased temperatures and corrosion. Bonded build of nano metal matrix composites provided outstanding material mechanical characteristics owing to less weight to density ratio.

REFERENCES 1.

Choi, H., Jones, M., Konishi, H. and Li, X., 2012. Effect of combined addition of Cu and aluminum oxide nanoparticles on mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-7Si-0.3 Mg alloy. Metallurgical and materials Transactions A, 43(2), pp.738746.

2.

El Mahallawi, I., Shash, Y., Rashad, R.M., Abdelaziz, M.H., Mayer, J. and Schwedt, A., 2014. Hardness and wear behaviour of semi-solid cast A390 alloy reinforced with Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(6), pp.5171-5184.

3.

Guo, W., Wang, Q., Ye, B., Li, X., Liu, X. and Zhou, H., 2012. Microstructural refinement and homogenization of Mg–SiC nanocomposites by cyclic extrusion compression. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 556, pp.267-270.

4.

Cao, G., Kobliska, J., Konishi, H. and Li, X., 2008. Tensile properties and microstructure of SiC nanoparticle–reinforced Mg4Zn alloy fabricated by ultrasonic cavitation–based solidification processing. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 39(4), pp.880-886.

5.

Witte, F., Feyerabend, F., Maier, P., Fischer, J., Störmer, M., Blawert, C., Dietzel, W. and Hort, N., 2007. Biodegradable magnesium–hydroxyapatite metal matrix composites. Biomaterials, 28(13), pp.2163-2174.

6.

Rosso, M., 2006. Ceramic and metal matrix composites: Routes and properties. Journal of materials processing technology, 175(1-3), pp.364-375.

7.

Basavarajappa, S., Chandramohan, G. and Davim, J.P., 2007. Application of Taguchi techniques to study dry sliding wear behaviour of metal matrix composites. Materials & design, 28(4), pp.1393-1398.

8.

Schoutens, J.E., 1982. Introduction to Metal Matrix Composite Materials (No. MMCIAC-272). Metal Matrix Composites Information Analysis Center Santa Barbara Ca.

9.

Su, H., Gao, W., Feng, Z. and Lu, Z., 2012. Processing, microstructure and tensile properties of nano-sized Al2O3 particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 36, pp.590-596.

10. Cui, Y., 2002. Aerospace applications of silicon carbide particulate reinforced aluminium matrix composites. Journal of Materials Engineering, 6, pp.3-6.

11. Hassan, S.F. and Gupta, M., 2005. Development of high-performance magnesium nano-composites using nano-Al2O3 as reinforcement. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 392(1-2), pp.163-168.

12. Yar, A.A., Montazerian, M., Abdizadeh, H. and Baharvandi, H.R., 2009. Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy matrix composite reinforced with nano-particle MgO. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 484(1-2), pp.400404.

13. Sharifi, E.M. and Karimzadeh, F., 2011. Wear behavior of aluminum matrix hybrid nanocomposites fabricated by powder metallurgy. Wear, 271(7-8), pp.1072-1079.

14. Jeyasimman, D., Sivasankaran, S., Sivaprasad, K., Narayanasamy, R. and Kambali, R.S., 2014. An investigation of the www.tjprc.org

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

editor@tjprc.org

1106

Karaka. V.V.N.R. Chandra Mouli, Balla Srinivasa Prasad & A.V. Sridhar synthesis, consolidation and mechanical behaviour of Al 6061 nanocomposites reinforced by TiC via mechanical alloying. Materials & Design, 57, pp.394-404.

15. Abdizadeh, H. and Baghchesara, M.A., 2013. Investigation on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of A356 aluminum alloy based ZrO2 particle reinforced metal-matrix composites. Ceramics International, 39(2), pp.2045-2050.

16. Kumar, T.S., Shalini, S., Ramu, M. and Thankachan, T., 2020. Characterization of ZrC reinforced AA6061 alloy composites produced using stir casting process. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 34(1), pp.143-147.

17. Tabandeh-Khorshid, M., Kumar, A., Omrani, E., Kim, C. and Rohatgi, P., 2020. Synthesis, characterization, and properties of graphene reinforced metal-matrix nanocomposites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 183, p.107664.

18. Ayodele, O.O., Awotunde, M.A., Shongwe, M.B., Obadele, B.A., Babalola, B.J. and Olubambi, P.A., 2020. Densification and microstructures of hybrid sintering of titanium alloy. Materials Today: Proceedings.

19. AWATE, P. P., & BARVE, S. B. (2015). FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX NANOCOMPOSITES. Technology, 64(557).

20. Oleiwi, J. K., Anaee, R. A., & Radhi, S. H. (2018). Roughness wear and thermal analysis of UHMWPE Nanocomposites as Acetabular Cup in Hip Joint Replacement. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 8(6), 855-864.

21. REDDY, A. C. (2017). Low and High Temperature Micromechanical Behavior of BN/3003 Aluminum Alloy Nanocomposites.

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 6(4), 27-34.

22. Eneh, A. E. (2015). Application of Recycled Plastics And Its Composites In The Built Environment. Best International Journal of Management, Information Technology and Engineering, 3 (3), 9, 16.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

NAAS Rating: 3.11