EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF NANO LUBRICATION IN A VCR SYSTEM USING R410A REFRIGERANT WIT

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 1761-1768 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF NANO LUBRICATION IN A VCR SYSTEM USING R410A REFRIGERANT WITH AL 2 O 3 NANO PARTICLES ANUSHA PEYYALA1*, M. NAGA SWAPNA SRI2, N.V.V.S. SUDHEER3 & K. CH. KISHOR KUMAR4 1,2

Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, P V P Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

3

Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, R V R & JC College of Engineering, Guntur, India

4

Associte Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, India

ABSTRACT Refrigerationisdefined as reducing the temperature of a consideredspace by removingheat. Domestic, Commercial, Inustrial and Trasportrefrigeration are some of the applications. Phase change phenomena of the refrigerantwillprouce the coolingeffect in vapour compression refrigeration system and the coefficient of performance of the VCR system canbeincreased by using water cooled condenser, and by introducingshell &coilheatexchanger at the end of the compressor,

and

by

sub-coolingusingheatexchanger

at

condenser

inlet.

Otherthanthese

techniques,

Fromliteratureitwasfound that Nano fluids have high heattransferpotential, increased thermal properties in conuctivity when compared to conventional refrigerants.Thispaperinvolvesexperimental investigation of introduction of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the lubricationoilknown as Nano-lubricant. The COP iscalculated at the different volume fractions and iscomparedwiththat of the base VCR system using R410a as refrigerant. The Nano-particles in lubricant improved the tribological characteristics whenintroduced in compressorVCR system which in turnreduced the compressorwork.

Original Article

comparisonwith the abovediscussedmethods. It was also observed that Nano lubrication will provide higher thermal

KEYWORDS: Nano Lubrication, R410aRefrigerant, R68 Lubricant, Surfactant & VCR system

Received: Mar 25, 2020; Accepted: Jun 15, 2020; Published: Jun 30, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN2020161

INTRODUCTION In vapour compression refrigeration [VCR] system, the refrigerantprovidescooling by unergoing phase changes for air-conditioning of buildings and automobiles. Many authors are working on nano lubrication concept in different fiedls of engineering out of which VCRS is one of the intrestingconcepts. In NileshS.Desai et.al [1] work, to improve the VCR compressor performance, they have used the SiO2 nano oil instead of pure oil.R. Krishna Sabareesh et.al [2] experimentally observed an increase in COP of the considered system when TiO2 was added to lubricant.R KAdyansheePattanayak et.al [3] work presented a detailed R134a domestic refrigerators performance when using PAG oil and Mineraloil with different Al2O3 nano particle mass fractions.R.Saidur et.al [4] paper, shows a etailedreviewabout performance of refrigerating systems when nano-particles were added to either refrigerant or Lubricationgoil.Coumaressin et.al [5]experimentally identified an improvement in the heat transfer constant of an evaporator when nanoCuO was used in the system.

In Kanjirakatet.al [6] paper, the performance of compression cycle is assessed like mechanical device discharge temperature, pressure quantitative relation, volumetrically cooling capability, volumetrically potency and mass rate of flow area unit.Kristenet al. [7]paper provided a comparison between constant pressure and constant www.tjprc.org

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Anusha Peyyala, M. Naga Swapna Sri, N.V.V.S. Sudheer & K. CH. Kishor Kumar

space model exploitation using R-1270 as a refrigerant, where the pressure variation is found to be higher for constant space ejector model when compared to constant pressure model. InAkhavanet al.[8]work Experimental analysis on VCR system with R134A refrigerant was done and their results were analysed through CFD simulation. HailongLi et.al [9] explained that the modes of heat transfer like conduction and convection can be increased by using nano- particles/ metals/oxides/carbides &carbon nanotubes.I.M. Mahbubulet.al[10] observed an increase in thermal-conductivity of theconsidered nanorefrigerant by varying the concenterations and temperatures of particles.Authors [11-15] have presented different experimental results which helped us in carrying our research effectively.

REFRIGERANT & NANO PARTICLES Out of somanyrefrigerants and nano particles, R410a and Al2O3 nano power mixed to lubricantwereselected as refrigerant and

nano

lubricant.

Because

of

the

idea

to

unerstand

the

performance

of

the

system

using

the

abovesaidcombination.Innanotechnology, a particleisdefined as a smallobjectsbetween 1 and 100 nanometres in size.

In HVAC research, below are the typesofnanofluids, Nanolubricant = [Nanoparticles –Added to – Lubricant] – ImprovesCompressor Performance.

Nanorefrigerant = [Nanoparticles – Added to – Refrigerant] – ImprovesRefrigeratingeffect.

Nanolubricant-refrigerant = Nanolubricant – Added to – Refrigerant.

Presence of nanoparticleswillalwaysimprovestherefrigerant /oilsolubilityin compressor.

EXPERIMENTAL WORK In thispaper, we have selected a few nanoparticlesavailable in the marketwhichcanbe mixed with certain lubricatingoilswhich are used in the compressor. Based on the literaturesurveydonewe have selected Al2O3 Nano powder, whichwillbe effective whenitis mixed with the lubricatingoil (MineralOil) whichisused in the compressorfilledwith the refrigerant R410a. Fig 1 shows the experimental setup of the projectwhichconsists of indoor and outdoor unit. The major project deals with the outdoor unit whichmajorlyconsists of the compressor and condensercoils. The lubricatingoilisused to providelubrication in the compressor and preventclogging in the condenser pipes by providing free passage of refrigerantthrough the condenser lines.

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Experimental Investigation on Effect of Nano Lubrication in a VCR System using R410a Refrigerant with Al 2 O 3 Nano Particles

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Figure 1: Vacuumising the gas, Filling the Lubricant Oil &Taking the Pressure Readings.

EXPERIMENTAL READINGS Table of condenser and evaporatortemperatures Temperatures Condenser temperature Evaporatortemperature Degree of superheat Degree of subcooling

SP1 39oC 12oC 10oC 10oC

SP2 35oC 9oC 10oC 10oC

SP3 36oC 10oC 10oC 10oC

SP4 38oC 11oC 10oC 10oC

Table of compressor pressures Compressor pressures Suction Discharge

SP1

SP2

SP3

SP4

130 bar 250 bar

128bar 248 bar

125 bar 246 bar

127 bar 247 bar

Formula For eachsample of readings, enthalpies and pressure values are obtainedfrom R410a P-h chart. By usingthese values, COP,EER and Pressure ratios are calculated by using the below formulas,

a)

Coefficient-of -Performance,

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b)

Anusha Peyyala, M. Naga Swapna Sri, N.V.V.S. Sudheer & K. CH. Kishor Kumar

Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) =5.83 * COP = 31.598.

Where Capacity of the system = 1.5 TR = (336*1500) / (24*60) = 5.83 KW

c)

Pressure ratio = ( PC / Pe ).

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Refrigeration system with plain mineraloil, SP1 h-1 440 kJ per kg h-2 475 kJ per kg h-3=h-4 250 kJ per kg COP 5.42 EER 31.598 Pressure ratio 1.78

Readings of the Refrigeration system with plain mineraloilwith 0.1% volume concentration of nano lubricant (weight of nanoparticles = 1.16 grams).

SP2 h-1 430 kJ per kg h-2 462 kJ per kg h-3=h-4 244 kJ per kg COP 5.81 EER 33.87 Pressure ratio 1.91

Readings of the Refrigeration system with plain mineraloilwith 0.15% volume concentration of nano lubricant (weight of nanoparticles = 1.74 grams).

SP3 h-1 430 kJ per kg h-2 460 kJ per kg h-3=h-4 243 kJ per kg COP 6.23 EER 36.32 Pressure ratio 1.95

Readings of the Refrigeration system with plain mineraloilwith, 0.2% volume concentration of nano lubricant (weight of nanoparticles = 2.32 grams).

SP4 h-1 430 kJ per kg h-2 455 kJ per kg h-3=h-4 240 kJ per kg COP 7.6 EER 44.424 Pressure ratio 2

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Increasingpercentage of COP % of Cop SP1 0 SP2 7.19 SP3 14.94 SP4 40

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS In this study, 3 different concentrations of nanoparticles were tested and the results were presented here.

Graph 5.1: Variation of the exit temperature of compressor with increase in Nanoparticles Concentration.

Above Graph 5.1 shows the variation of outlet temperatures at the compressor for different concentrations of nanoparticles.We can observe that by increasing the nanoparticleconcentrations, reuction in compressor exit temperature is occurring and at 0.2% volume concentration of Al2O3, the outlet temperature is lowest,24OC.

Graph 5.2: Variation of Coefficient of Performancewith increase in Nanoparticles Concentration.

From the above Graph 5.2, we can observe an increase in COP value withpercentage increase in nanoparticle concentrations and the maximum value was observed to be at 0.2% Al2O3.

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Anusha Peyyala, M. Naga Swapna Sri, N.V.V.S. Sudheer & K. CH. Kishor Kumar

Graph 5.3: Variation of Energy Efficiency Ratio with increase in Nanoparticles Concentration.

Graph 5.4: Enhancement of Pressure Ratio withpercentage of Al2O3 concentration From Graph 5.3 and 5.4, we can observe an improvement inEER and pressure ratio of the system for different concentrationsof nanoparticles.

Graph 5.5: Increase in percentage of performance improvementwithNanoparticle concentrations From Graph 5.5, wecanunerstoodthatwithincrease in nanoparticle concentrations the percentage of performance wasalsoincreassingwith a maximum of 40% at 0.2% Al2O3 concentration.

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CONCLUSIONS Based on the experimentation done, the following are the conclusions regarding the project: 

Addition of Al2O3nanopowerto the compressor lubricating oilshowed an improvementin the COP of the system.



Reduction in Compressor exit temperature, Improvement in COP, EER, Pressure ratio were clearly unerstood from the calculations when the percentage of nano particles concentarions were inproved.



Results like Reduction in energy consumption, frictional losses and an improvement in Heat transfer were observed from the experimental values.



From this study, we can unerstoo that, with increase in nanoparticles concentration the percentage of performance was also increased upto maximum of 40 percent.



For better performance, further experimentation is needed with suitable lubricating oils and nanoparticles. The nanoparticles concentration has to be increased and more tests have to be conducted.

FUTURE SCOPE One can Investigate the same work with different nanoparticles combined with different fluid combinations to find out the suitable combinations for better compressor performance.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to thank SAGTE, Convener of PVP Siddhartha Institute of technology, Principal of PVP Siddhartha Institute of technology for supporting us to carry out this work academically and financially.

NOMENCLATURE SP

- Sample

h-1

-Enthalpy of Refrigerant at compressorinlet.

h-2

- Enthalpy of Refrigerant at compressoroutlet.

h-3

-Enthalpy of Refrigerant at Expansion valve inlet.

h-4

- Enthalpy of Refrigerant at Expansion valve outlet.

Pc

-Condenser pressure in bar.

Pe

-Evaporator pressure in bar.

Suffix 1-

One

2-

Two

3-

Three

4-

Four

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REFERENCES 1.

NileshS.Desai,P.R.Patil, “Application of SiO2 Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additive in VCRS: An Experimental Investigation”, AsianReview of Mechanical Engineering,Vol.4, 2015.pp.1-6.

2.

R.KrishnaSabareesh, N.Gobinath, V.Sajith, SumiteshD,C.B.Sobhan, “Application of TiO2 nanoparticles as a lubricantadditive for vapour compression refrigerationsystems - An experimental investigation” International Journal for Refrigeration,Vol 35,Issue7,Nov 2012

3.

RKAdyansheePattanayak, PrasheetMishra, AmitavaSarkar “Comparison of Performance of a DomesticRefrigeratorusing Al2O3 Nanoparticleswith PAG Oil and MineralOil as Lubricant”, International journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering& Management, Vol 5, Issue7, july2016.

4.

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5.

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6.

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8.

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Hailong Li, Wenyan Yang, ZhixinYu, Li Zhao “The performance of a heatpumpusingnanofluid (R22+TiO2) as the workingfluid-An experimentalstudy” EnergyProcedia, Vol 75.Aug 2015.

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15. O. Lottina, P. Guillemet, Jean-Marc Lebreton “Effects of syntheticoil in a compression refrigeration system using R410A. PartI: modeling of the whole system and analysis of itsresponse to an increase in the amount of circulatingoil” International Institute of Refrigeration.

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