DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC SEED SOWING ROBOTIC VEHICLE

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 1741-1750 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC SEED SOWING ROBOTIC VEHICLE G. VIJAY KUMAR1 & M. V. RAMESH2 1 2

Professor, ME Department, PVP Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Kanuru, India

Associate Professor, EEE Department, PVP Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Kanuru, India

ABSTRACT Due to the “Green Revolution” farming has witnessed various modern techniques to reduce human labor, conserve the time and execute the task more efficiently resulting in higher productivity. This paper describes the design and fabrication of an automatic seed sowing robotic vehicle which will help the farmers in sowing the seeds. The designed vehicle is equipped with the Rocker Bogie Suspension system so as to ensure stability during the operation in the field.

This vehicle is designed with two separate chambers so as to accommodate two different seeds and sow them alternatively with pre determined spacing using MatLab programming and a special mechancism to control the opening/closing of seed hopper The proposed vechicle can be controlled remotely by zig-bee control.

Received: May 25, 2020; Accepted: Jun 15, 2020; Published: Jun 30, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN2020159

1. INTRODUCTION In the course of recent decades, India's record of progress in farming is great. With regards to rising interest for nourishment, the commitment of rural development by and large advancement has been far reaching. Expanded

Original Article

KEYWORDS: Seed Sowing Machine & Rocker Bogie Suspension

efficiency has assisted with taking care of people and gave chances to circuitous work. In regions where 'Green Revolution' innovations had a significant effect, development has now eased back. New innovations are expected to push out yield wildernesses, use inputs all the more productively and enhance to increasingly feasible and higher worth trimming designs. Simultaneously, there is a desperation to more readily misuse the capability of rainfed and different less blessed territories. Given the wide scope of agro-environmental settings and makers, Indian farming is confronted with an extraordinary decent variety of requirements, openings, and possibilities. Future development should be increasingly fast, more generally appropriated and better focused on.

From one perspective, rural research will progressively be required to address area explicit issues confronting the networks on the other the frameworks should situate themselves in an undeniably serious condition to produce and embrace bleeding edge advances to tolerate upon the arrangements confronting a lion's share of asset poor ranchers. The automated frameworks assume a huge job in all segments of social orders, association, and modern units. Agribusiness originates from two Latin words: Ager which implies a field. Culturia which implies development, because of customary strategies for rural procedure the Indian rancher faces numerous issues about efficiency of rural item than others. It is because of unbalance taking care of compost without knowing the real prerequisite of supplement to a specific yield. Advanced models of natural articles have demonstrated to convey new offices for the examination of basic and useful interrelationships just as formative procedures in a spatial or spatio worldly setting.We are progressing in the direction of the age of a summed up 3-D anatomical map book of

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creating grain (Hordeum vulgare) grains at various formative stages. Filling in as reference structure for the coordination, perception, and investigation of different information modalities, such entomb singular chart books fundamentally advance the examination of formative angles and elements. So it's an opportunity to mechanize the area to beat this issue. In India there are 70% individuals reliant on farming. The manor of seeds is consequently done by utilizing DC engine. The separation between the two seeds are controlled and shifted by utilizing Microcontroller. It is likewise conceivable to develop various types of seeds with various separation. At the point when the Robot arrives at the finish of the field we can alter the course with the assistance of remote switches. The entire procedure is constrained by Microcontroller. Seed estate is our everyday life is finished by tractor in ranches.

The customary strategy for seed sowing is the manual. In any case, it takes additional time and labor deficiency is confronted persistently. India is agrarian economies and a large portion of country populaces rely upon agribusiness to procure their occupation. Agribusiness is the biggest vocation given in India for the most part in the provincial territories.

The ranchers are needing seeds for stopping and development. The seeds are accessible in parcels and numerous ventures bargain in assembling of such seed bundles. In Modern world, Automation robot is utilized in a significant number of the fields, for example, guard, observation, clinical field enterprises, etc. Right now, robot framework is utilized to build up the way toward developing agrarian land without the utilization of labor. The point of the paper is to lessen the labor, time and increment the efficiency rate. The whole fundamental mechanization robot works like weeding, collecting, etc. In India, there are 70% individuals reliant on farming. So we have to consider the horticulture. Imaginative thought of our undertaking is to mechanize the way toward planting yields, for example, groundnut, sunflower, and infant corn, etc.

The cultivating framework like furrowing, developing, weeding, collecting, and so forth is the distinctive procedure. All procedures involve changing the instrument in cultivating which operates naturally without the labor necessity. Likewise vitality require to this machine is less as contrasted and tractors or any rural instrument. Seeding readiness is our everyday life we use tractor in ranches. Be that as it may, it requires additional time and the man lack is confronted constantly. Presently a day soil is tried in research center and legitimate examination of soil is done and measure of different contains and their proportion are estimated however labs are ordinarily in area spots and it is smidgen tedious procedure.

LITERATURE REVIEW Different systems have been concocted to check out individual seeds at definite interims. the investigation of various wordings included, kinds of existing hardware was examined (1). Structure and improvement of utilization explicit automaton machine for seed planting was accounted for (2). convoluted rigging framework was swap by lobby impact sensor for simpler and costlier seed planting was demonstrated(3). Seed planting machine framework with battery fueled wheels, dc engine inbuilt in these haggles Uno is utilized for control the all framework process(4). a control component which expects to drop seeds at specific situation with determined separation between two seeds and lines while sowing(5). machine for little scope trimming, they ought to be reasonable for little ranches, straightforward in structure and innovation and flexible for use in various homestead operations(6). Machine to develop the homestead by considering specific lines and explicit section at fixed separation relying upon various seeds and obstruction recognition detected by infrared sensor was proposed (7). Machine which develops the ranch by considering specific lines and explicit segments at fixed separation relying upon trim and can be controlled through Bluetooth medium utilizing an Android advanced mobile phone was developed(8). An arrangement of-frameworks way to deal with plan and advancement of a portable automated stage Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

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for farming application was presented(9). The seed planting activity is performed by the framework utilizing servomotor instrument constrained by ARDUINO controller and robot movement is constrained by Internet of Things (IoT) was created (10). PIC Microcontroller is utilized which controls the machine for wanted planting activity and a Bluetooth interface is utilized to explore the machine(11). Advancement of a machine to limit the working expense and time for burrowing just as to work it on clean vitality. Here, Arduino is utilized for robotization reason (12). Machine utilizes Solar Energy as an eco-accommodating vitality asset. Sun based Panel is utilized to change over sun oriented vitality into electrical vitality and a DC Motor believers this electrical vitality into mechanical vitality to turn a shaper for burrowing operation(13). Configuration is proposed so modest and usable for little scope ranchers, worked physically and has expanded proficiently and accuracy(14). Endeavor has been made for decrease in cost of machine and building up the multifunctional planting machine which can perform synchronous operations.(15) model of a self-governing Agriculture Robot is introduced which is explicitly intended for seed planting task (16) Automatic seed sowing requires great accuracy for dropping the seeds in the holes along a linear path.

Considering the uneven surface of farmland, this calls for a robust suspension system, high ground clearance and high torque at slow speed, all of which we took a great care in adding to the robot. The speed of the DC motor can be controlled by using a delay in the source coding. an autonomous agricultural based machine has two separate chambers so as to accommodate two different seeds and sow them alternatively with pre determined spacing using MatLab programming and a special mechancism to control the opening/closing of seed hopper. The proposed vechicle can be controlled remotely by zig-bee control.

2. DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC SEED SOWING ROBOT The important components of the seed sowing robot are frame,wheel axle,shaft,susspension link. following are the dimesnsions chosen to design the vehicle.

FRAME :- Dimensions : Length – 520mm, Width – 400 mm, Thickness – 40 mm WHEEL AXLE :- Dimensions: Length of Horizontal part - 600 mm, Angle of Inclination - 130 mm SHAFT :- Dimensions: Length – 440 mm, Diameter – 20 mm SUSPENSION LINK :- Dimensions : length - 488.4 mm, Diameter of large hole – 10 mm Diameter of small hole – 7.5 mm

Figure 2.1: Frame

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Figure 2.2: Wheel Axle

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Figure 2.3: Shaft

Figure 2.4: Suspension Link

Figure 2.5: Final Assembly of Seed Sowing Vehicle The part drawings are made in the catia software as shown in figures 2.1 to 2.4 and final assembly of the seed sowing vehicle is as shown in the Figure 2.5.

3. FABRICATION OF ROBOT 3.1 Frame First the frame is fabricated as per the dimensions as shown in Figure 3.1. It is a strategy where a different body is mounted on a moderately inflexible vehicle casing or body conveying the force train (the motor and drive train). The technique for building vehicles body-on-outline development is currently utilized fundamentally for trucks.

Figure 3.1: Frame

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Figure 3.2: Swing Axle

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3.2 Swing Axle A swing pivot is a basic kind of autonomous (back wheel) suspension structure. This was a progressive innovation, permitting wheels to respond to abnormalities of street surfaces freely, and empower the vehicle to keep up a solid street holding. swing axles have all inclusive joints associating the drive shafts to the differential, which is appended to the frame. Swing axles don't have all inclusive joints at the wheels the wheels are constantly opposite to the drive shafts; the structure is along these lines not appropriate for a vehicle's front wheels, which require controlling movement..

3.3 Central Connecting Rod The central connecting rod is placed under the center of the body of the vehicle and welded to the frame at both sides. The two ends of the shaft are reduced in diameter to some extent by performing turning operation. This reduction in diameter is done at the ends to accommodate the swing axles at both ends of the shaft. It balances the whole weight of the robot body and transfers this weight to the wheels through the swing axles attached to the ends of the shaft. It is made up of steel to withstand the shock loads transferred to the rod from the body while travelling on uneven surfaces. At both the ends of the connecting rod, ball bearings are attached, on top of which, swing axles are mounted. There is some free play between the shaft and the swing axles which is intentionally provided to prevent the damage of bearings or swing axle when the robot is moved on uneven surfaces.

Figure 3.3: Central Connecting Rod

Figure 3.4: Wheel

3.4 Wheels Robots has four wheels, two wheels in the front and two on the back side for static and dynamic parity. The wheels are selected in such a way that they can be utlised in the actual field conditions wehre it involves moving the vechile in all sort of environments (dry land, semi wet land and wet land).

3.5 Seed Hoppers A container is an enormous, pyramidal molded compartment utilized in mechanical procedures to hold particulate issue that has been gathered from ousted air. Containers are normally introduced in gatherings to take into consideration a more prominent assortment amount. They are utilized in mechanical procedures that utilization air contamination control gadgets, for example, dust gatherers, electrostatic precipitators, and baghouses/texture channels. Most containers are made of steel. The enormous compartment in the body of the robot comprises of two containers of equivalent size. Every container is made by welding mellow steel sheets together in which the cross segment gets diminished from square shape and finishes at roundabout cross segment. These containers are intended to oblige two distinct sorts of seeds, which can be planted at once in elective lines or at ordinary interims of decision.

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3.6 Body of the Robot The body of robot is a rectangular enclosure made up of mild steel sheets by welding them together at the corners. The body consists of two compartments, one of large size and the other of small size. The large compartment is made to accommodate two seed hoppers and the small compartment houses the electronic components including the battery. Both the compartments are covered on the top by separate doors. The whole weight of body of the robot is balanced on the central connecting rod which transmits the weight further to the wheels.

Figure 3.5: Seed Hopper

Figure 3.6: Body of the Robot

A differentially controlled robot is like the differential apparatuses utilized in vehicles in that both the wheels can have various paces of turns, however dissimilar to the differential outfitting framework, a differentially guided framework will have both the wheels fueled.

3.7 Rocker Bogie Suspension Mechanism The rocker-bogie framework is the suspension course of action created in 1988 for use in NASA's Mars meanderer Sojourner, and which has since become NASA's supported plan for wanderers. Wanderer missionrobots Spirit and Opportunity, on the 2012 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) crucial's Curiosity, and is scheduled for use in the Mars 2020 meanderer. The "rocker" some portion of the term originates from the shaking part of the bigger, forward leg on each side of the suspension framework. One finish of a rocker is fitted with a drive wheel, and the opposite end is turned to the bogie.

Figure 3.7: Rocker Bogie Suspension Mechanism The "bogie" some portion of the term alludes to the littler, rearward leg that turns to the rocker in the center and which has a drive wheel at each end.

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3.8 Power Supply The block diagram provides a clear view of the overall system.

Figure 3.8: Block Diagram of Power Supply to Motor The main heart of this agricultural robot is NI MyRIO to which each and every module is being connected and interfaced. A servo motor, two motor driver circuits are connected to it. And the robot is driven through the hot-spot that is produced by the MyRIO. Using this application we are going to control our robot through system by reducing human interactions. For motor drivers the supply is taken from an external battery source of capacity 12V, 8AH.

Figure 3.9: Flowchart

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3.9 Fabrication After assembling all the components the final fabricated autonomous seed sowing vechicle is as shown in the figure 3.10.

Figure 3.10: The Seed Sowing Robotic Vechicle

4. CONCLUSIONS An automatic seed sowing robotic vechicle is fabricated. The fundamental point of this framework is its automatic method for planting the seeds and furthermore preparing the field. The seeds have been planted in an appropriate grouping which brings about legitimate germination of seeds. This programmed method for planting seeds utilizing a robot lessens the work prerequisite. This seed sowing robot minimizes the the wastage of seeds. This framework has been created for the planting of seeds in a programmed manner. Here with the assistance of a robot the seeds are been administered in the dirt in a legitimate arrangement thusly lessening the wastage of seeds The planting procedure of the onion crop just has been executed by utilizing this seed sowing robot self-rulingly.

This robot will assist the framers in implementing cultivation procedure effectively. The undertaking can be upgraded to some other sorts of yield, for example, organic products, paddy, sugarcane and so forth. Subsequently, it tends to be relevant to the constant agrarian field. Right now attempted to conquer the issues looked by the rancher in his/her everyday daily schedule. The regular technique for cultivating requires more individuals and still exactness is less.

Utilizing this framework the precision is increments with less/no labor. The time required with framework to accomplish the work done is less contrasted with traditional technique. The estimated speed of the robot is 30kmph, and all out weight of the robot is 22kgs.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

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NAAS Rating: 3.11

Design and Fabrication of Automatic Seed Sowing Robotic Vehicle

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