EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECT INJECTION COMPRESSED IGNITION ENGINE USING WASTE PLA

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 2085-2094 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECT INJECTION COMPRESSED IGNITION ENGINE USING WASTE PLASTIC OIL AND BIODIESEL BLENDS JATADHARA. G. S1, DR. T.K. CHANDRASHEKAR2, KEERTHI KUMAR. N3 1

Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, India 2

Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RNS Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

3

Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

ABSTRACT Natural concern and quick exhausting of oil powers have caused interest for substitute fuel for mankind. Plastics are non-biodegradable polymer for the most part containing carbon, hydrogen and other different components in small proportions. The use of substitute fuels are intended to decrease ozone depleting substances, which includes water vapors, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. In this regard the plastic oil obtained from waste plastic demand problem, but also we know that the plastic disposal is a greater challenge and is huge environmental concern.

The processing of waste plastic in to plastic oil will lead to solution for plastic disposal. The plastic oil is derived from the waste plastics through the chemical pyrolysis process. The plastic oil obtained from the waste plastic have characteristics similar to conventional fuel and has calorific valve near to diesel. The blended of the plastic along with biodiesel B20 has been tested on engine and found to have better emission characteristics.

KEYWORDS: Plastic Oil, Biodiesel & Chemical Pyrolysis

Original Article

could be possible alternate fuels for internal combustion engines. This will not only provide solution to the fuel supply

Received: Jun 04, 2020; Accepted: Jun 24, 2020; Published: Jul 03, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN2020196

1. INTRODUCTION Diesel engines are most preferred prime movers in view of their higher thermal efficiency and extraordinary drive limit. The neat WPO can be used as fuel for an engine without any modification. It is also made sense of that oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide were more for plastic oil diverged from diesel fuel [1].

It is seen that when diverged from standard injection timing of 230 BTDC the decreased timing of 140 reduces emission and has higher efficiency[2]. It was demonstrated that use of emission reduction techniques along with plastic oil diminishes Nox emission. The emission characteristics will be compared with waste plastic oil and its blends. The exhaust characteristics will be study with respect Nox, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and level of smoke. The present work of using waste plastic oil with biodiesel may improve the emission characteristics of the engine. [3] A conversion process in presence of catalyst of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) polymer was done in a fixed-bed reactor at 4000C utilizing two sulphate adjusted Zirconium impetuses with point of getting important and recyclable fluid items The quality of waste plastic oil acquired from plastic is having properties like that of diesel[5]. It is the measure of output delivered to energy consumed. The brake thermal efficiency of diesel and

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Jatadhara. G. S, Dr. T.K. Chandrashekar, Keerthi Kumar. N

biodiesel are near one another [6].

The foundations for Nox arrangement are increase temperature of exhaust and fuel mechanism. It has been seen that there is increment in Nox because of longer start delay, however LDPE900 delivers low No x. It has been noticed that carbon monoxide diminishes for input energy as load is increased and it is sign of stable ignition [7].

The brake thermal efficiency reduces for all loads up with increase in load. More plastic oil is consumed than diesel for a comparable output. The performance of the compressed ignition engine with the waste plastic oil and diesel blends of B10, B20, B30 will be compared with the present work of experimental investigation of the engine with plastic oil with the blending of proper biodiesel, which will improve the properties of the plastic oil and its influence on the performance parameters of the engine will be studied [8].

Ioannis Kalargaris, etal [9] It very well may be seen that the NOX releases of the PPO900 are a lot higher than those of diesel and PPO700. PPO900 makes twofold the UHC emanations appeared differently in relation to diesel, while PPO700 has half higher UHC releases. The expansion of diesel basically diminishes the UHC discharges, which could be explained by the expanded ignition execution related with the lower aromatic substance of diesel. The high UHC outflows of the oils can be credited to their extended aromatic substance and longer start delay, which realizes shorter burning span.Ioannis Kalargaris, etal [10,11]. The foundations for Nox development are increase heat release, mechanism of fuel combustion. It has been seen that there is increment in Nox because of longer start delay, however LDPE900 delivers low Nox . Fuel properties of waste polyethylene mixes are practically identical with those of diesel fuel aside from the Cetane number and pour point estimations of WPE100 and CPE100.Power output with blends increased most extreme by 1.63% with WPE5 mix contrasted and diesel fuel. Torque yield of mixes diminished by 2.73% with WPE5 contrasted with diesel fuel particularly at higher speed. While CO discharge is diminished by 20.63% with WPE5 mix and CO2 emanation is expanded by 3.34% with WPE5 mix. NOx emanation is expanded by 9.17% with WPE5 contrasted with diesel fuel [11, 12]. The diesel-WPO fuel mixes at different loads are found to have consequences on CO, NOx, HC, and smoke. The NOx emanation is seen as lower by mixing diesel with WPO. The diminished NOx emanation is because of the lessening of the in-chamber temperature as the impact of non-homogeneity of WPO. The convergence of HC of WPO-diesel mixes is higher than that of diesel. The higher HC discharge in WPO-diesel mixes contrasted with diesel might be credited with the explanation that the fuel shower doesn't engender further into the copying chamber. The expanded CO emanation is because of deficient burning as the impact of diminished in-chamber temperature, poor blend planning, and neighbourhood rich area. At long last, the smoke is practically comparative at lower loads. In any case, the smoke for WPO-diesel mixes is higher at a higher load. A higher smoke delivered in WPO-diesel mixes might be because of the poor atomization of WPO. The bigger size of fuel particles contained in WPO is considered to bring about poor atomization [13, 14].

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Experimental Study on Characteristics of Direct Injection Compressed Ignition Engine using Waste Plastic Oil and Biodiesel Blends

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2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Figure 2.1: Waste Plastic Bottles Used

Figure 2.2: Crushed Plastic Bottles

Figure 2.3: Plastic Oil Extraction Unit

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Figure 2.4: Engine setup Table 2.1: Specification of the Engine Engine Parameter Specification Model Kriloskar Tv1 Engine Single cylinder four stroke water cooled diesel engine Bore in mm 87.5 Stroke in mm 110 Rated power in Kw 5.2 Speed in rpm 1500 Compression ratio 17.5:1 The waste plastic oil is extracted from plastic glucose bottles, which is waste disposal from hospitals. First the bottles are crushed on to small pieces. The crushed plastic is mixed thoroughly with fly ash which acts as catalyst and the mixture is put in to the reactor and start heating the mixture. After some time sufficient temperature has been reached, the distillation of oil takes place which is collected in the measuring flask.

The amount of plastic put in to the reactor is 5kg to which 250 g of fly ash is mixed and heated. When the temperature reached to 2000C there is no distillation of oil, only gaseous product comes out. When the reaches around 2700C the distillation of plastic oil stats and continues up to the temperature of 350 0C. After 3500C oil distillation decreases and finally stops distillation of oil above 4000C. The amount of plastic oil collected is around 2.5 litres for 5 kg of plastic for a time period of 5 hours. The distillation unit consists of reactor completely sealed to which condenser is collected for the condensing vapours to liquid and provision for heating and for measuring temperature.

The engine is run at rated speed for different loads as 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The different fuel used for testing are base diesel fuel, 100% waste plastic oil (WPO), 25%WPO, 50%WOP and 50%WOP mixed with Biodiesel 20%.

For the above said blends performance, combustion and emission characteristics are determined.

Properties/Fuel Specific gravity Flash point 0C Fire point 0C Kinematic viscosity cst Impact Factor (JCC): 9.6246

Table 2.2: Properties of Fuel and its Blends Diesel 100WPO 25WPO 50WPO 0.840 0.8 0.8 0.80 50 Below 25 Below 25 65 56 Below 25 Below 25 72 2.0

1.62

1.3

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50WPO+B20 0.80 45 55 1.69

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Experimental Study on Characteristics of Direct Injection Compressed Ignition Engine using Waste Plastic Oil and Biodiesel Blends

Gross Calorific oil MJ/kg Cetane number Cloud point 0C Pour point 0C Sulphur Content %w/w Carbon residue% w/w

2089

46.5

45.54

44.680

43.923

40.435

55 -

51 -2 -10

15 5

-4 -8

10 0

-

-

-

0.72

0.14

0.045

-

-

0.02

-

2.1 Combustion Characteristics

Diesel 100WPO 25WPO 50WPO B20

60

Pressure in bar

50

40

30

20

10

0 -30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Crank angle in degrees

Figure 2.1.1: Pressure Crank Angle Diagram The engine that was used to test the WPO and its mixes with diesel and biodiesel is a water-cooled diesel motor.

The particulars of the motor are appeared in Table 6.1; the sensors are introduced so as to screen the motor's presentation.

The test were performed at an evaluated speed of 1500 rpm and five different conditions as 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of load. As per the test technique, at first the engine was running on diesel for 30 min to heat up and achieve consistent coolant — oil temperatures before it was changed to the chose oil mix. The assessment of the information was beginning 5 min after the engine was changed to the fuel blends. The connection between engine pressure crank angles is as appeared in figure for the different blends contrasted with base diesel fuel. The greatest pressure is recorded for diesel is 60.152 bar and for various of plastic oil the pressure is around 58 bar. At full load WPO100 delineates comparable profile to diesel with possibly lower profile, while WPO25 and WPO50 present somewhat longer ignition delay period and lower top chamber pressure. The B20 has comparative pattern with different mixes of WPO.

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Jatadhara. G. S, Dr. T.K. Chandrashekar, Keerthi Kumar. N

180

Diesel 100WPO 25WPO 50WPO B20

160

120

3

Heat release rate in kJ/m deg

140

100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Crank angle in degrees

Figure 2.1.2: Heat Release Diagram The heat release rate (HRR) for diesel, WPO, WPO25, WPO50, B20 is shown in Fig. 6.6. It can be observed that the there is an increase release rate for WOP25 compared with diesel at 100% loading. The heat release rate for the 50WPO is found similar to the diesel fuel. For B20 at lower loads its has better heat release rate with increasing loading the heat release rate decreases.

2.2 Performance Characteristics

50

Diesel 100WPO 25WPO 50WPO B20

45

Brake thermal efficiency

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0

20

40

60

80

100

load in %

Figure 2.2.1: Variation of Brake Thermal Efficiency Versus Load The variation of brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for diesel and fuel blends with brake power is presented in Fig 6.7. At lower loads brake thermal efficiency has better compared to diesel. But with increasing loading diesel has better efficiency than oil blends. The blended B20 has better thermal efficiency compared to other blends.

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Experimental Study on Characteristics of Direct Injection Compressed Ignition Engine using Waste Plastic Oil and Biodiesel Blends

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0.6

Diesel 100 WPO 25WPO 50WPO B20

Bsfc in kg/kwhr

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0 0

20

40

60

80

100

load in %

Figure 2.2.2: Variation of Brake Specific Fuel Consumption Versus Load The variation of brake specific fuel consumption (Bsfc) for diesel and fuel blends with brake power is presented in Fig 6.8. At lower loads diesel has higher fuel consumption compared to other blends at higher loads 100WPO and 25 WPO have less fuel consumption compared to diesel.

2.3 Emission Characteristics

280

Diesel 100WPO 25WPO 50WPO B20

270

250

0

Exhaust gas Temperature in C

260

240 230 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 20

40

60

80

100

load in %

Figure 2.3.1: Variation of Exhaust Gas Temperature Consumption versus load All the blends at lower loads have low exhaust gas temperature compared to diesel. Other blends of WOP expect B20 have low exhaust temperature compared to diesel fuel.

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40

Diesel 100WPO 25WPO 50WPO B20

35

HC in PPM

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 20

40

60

80

100

Load in %

Figure 2.3.2: Variation of Hydrocarbon versus load It is seen that there is in increase in unconsumed hydrocarbons for with increase in level of blends ratio.

Regardless, for same blending extent, unconsumed hydrocarbon diminishes with increment in load. The clarification behind addition in unconsumed hydrocarbon is because of plastic oil properties which need to be addressed.

5.5

Diesel 100WPO 25WPO 50WPO B20

5.0

Carbon dioxide in % Volume

4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 20

40

60

80

100

Load in %

Figure 2.3.3: Variation of Carbon dioxide versus load For all the blends carbon dioxide has been increased for the all the blends of WPO. In order to reduce the Carbondioxide fuel properties are modified with proper biodiesel and enhance the quality of blend fuel.

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Experimental Study on Characteristics of Direct Injection Compressed Ignition Engine using Waste Plastic Oil and Biodiesel Blends

Diesel 100WPO 25WPO 50WPO B20

1000

800

Nox in PPM

2093

600

400

200

0 20

40

60

80

100

Load in %

Figure 2.3.4: Variation of Oxides of Nitrogen versus Load At lower loads Nox are less for WPO blends compared to diesel but for increase loading Nox also increase. At 100% loading blends have reduce Nox emissions.

3. CONCLUSIONS 

Plastic oil and its blends have properties like diesel and have better burning qualities.



2.100% WPO and its blends have increment in exhaust gas temperature and increment in Nox at higher loads.



WPO mixed with biodiesel has upgraded the properties of fuel and emission for found to be less for B20 running at 100% load.

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