APPRAISAL OF STORM WATER RUNOFF IN INDUSTRIAL AREA-AUTONAGAR VIJAYAWADA, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 2307-2324 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

APPRAISAL OF STORM WATER RUNOFF IN INDUSTRIAL AREA-AUTONAGAR VIJAYAWADA, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA Dr. SRIKONDA RAMESH1, RNS MURTHY 2 & MONOGNA SAI3 1 Professor, 2Assistant

School of Planning and Architecture Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

Professor, School of Planning and Architecture Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

3Associates,

Environmental Planner LEE Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT Auto spare parts manufacturing, assembling and fabrication is an essential part of the Industrial area of Vijayawada.

Such material handling and storage, equipment maintenance, cleaning, and other activities at industrial facilities are often exposed to the ‘ Hot and Humid’- climatic conditions of Vijayawada region, India, as the precipitation occurs in the form of rainfall, the runoff from rainfall that comes in contact with these stacked auto mobile equipments / parts, can pick up the pollutants especially petroleum, grease, diesel, sulphur, nitrates, chlorine, ferrom, and carry further directly to nearby water body or indirectly via a storm sewer and degrade underground water quality. Such polluted

factories, workshops, retail units and residences in Auto-nagar are facing a harrowing time due to insufficient drinking water supply from Vijayawada Municipal Corporation (VMC) and contaminated underground water.

The objectives of this paper to assess the water quality and workout to utilize the storm water runoff by developing a framework to rain water harvestation and to avoid flooding at low laying areas. The runoff of minimum conditions(2mm/h) to maximum down pore conditions ( 50mm/hr – 10 years return period) have been assessed and The run off normal monsoon rains 4mm/hrs to 8mm/hr also evaluated and appreciate with respect to the terrain conditions.

Original Article

runoff can kill aquatic life, and make our waterways unhealthy. People working and living at the automobile

The Industrial area of 190.69 hectors can accumulate / generate 251.57m 3/s runoff for 6mm/hr rain fall intercity of normal monsoon conditions from paved areas and non paved areas. It has been assessed and designed to have macro and micro level clean development mechanism to avoid flooding and drive to underground water table by filtering the pollutants and to use the same water to reduce the gap between the demand and supply of water.

KEYWORDS: Runoff, Water Pollution, Terrain Modeling, Rainwater Harvesting & Spatial Planning

Received: Jan 24, 2020; Accepted: Feb 04, 2020; Published: Jul 04, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN2020215

INTRODUCTION Auto Nagar Industrial Area, one of Asia’s largest industrial hub with 116 acres, (Report of Jawahar Autonagar development authority-2011) containing many engineering and mechanical workshops. Established in 1966, it was the first automobile infrastructure service with 80,000 persons employed in 3,080 micro and small enterprises, the annual turnover is more than 750crs. New Auto-nagar at Kanuru was developed from the year 2000 as an extension of Jawahar Auto-nagar, which is likely to be increased to 150 acres. In the present area of 116 acres, net usable area for automobile industries and service centers is 83.2 acres and the remaining 32.8 acres of land is covers the common facilities like roads, parking lots and the open storm water drainage network. As the location of the auto-nagar area is one among the low lying areas of Vijayawada, the inundation activity is taking place during the monsoon season and the water quality also getting affected due to the contact of rain water runoff with the

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pollutants of industrial area as there is no separate industrial drainage system exists. The contaminated water peculating to underground water table and the use of such water by habitants due to insufficient supply of water by Local body has creating unhealthy conditions. Hence it is essential and crucial to assess and understand the pollutants and floodable areas so as to work out policy frame work to create healthy and livable environment.

The most comprehensive method has been emphasized by Randall Arendt 1996 for Conservation of open spaces in urban areas. Specially, Water Sensitive Urban Design is one of the opportunities to generating successful and resilient conditions (Celeste 2013). The Sediment and Storm Water Regulations place heavy emphasis on structural storm water management practices to mitigate, to some extent, the adverse impacts of urban storm water runoff (EMC 1997). Regions of high water stress are growing as well as their population - it is predicted that in 2030 about half of the world’s population will be living in regions with high water stress (UN WWDR 2009). Even the manual on ‘Water Sensitive Urban Design’ is critically emphasized about the importance of planning, design and maintenance of storm water management. Its intention is to explore the possible innovations spanning the topic of sustainable storm water management. (Jacqueline et al 2011). Storm water runoff occurs when rain falls over the land surface, such as roads, driveways, parking lots, rooftops and other surfaces that prevent water from percolating into the ground and to the soft landscape areas, this increases the runoff volume created more during monsoon (DDA 2012).

An effectiveness of protecting quality through water theoretical modeling with the modal discharge system emphasized (Doyle 2005).The adoption of WSUD principles in storm water management and urban design is currently hampered by the lack of quantitative data on the performance and costs of structural and non-structural storm water quality improvement practices (Wong 2000). The assessed data of the water quality and acceptable level of pollutants of ground water and supplied water at micro level is lacking. The Pollutants transported in storm water will not be in the same form, phosphorus and metals will be transported in the same form but Nitrogen may be of dissolved form (UP EPA 1996).

Subsequently water sensitive consideration is an interdisciplinary concept focusing on socio-economic and physical sciences for context specific conditions have to be worked out (Wong & Ashley 2006). These systems and approaches are becoming an integral part of developing water sensitive settlements and these were considered as very capable solutions in addressing issues relating to urbanization, climate change and heat island impacts in dealing with storm water issues (Sharma et al 2018). Increasing local detention times and minimizing impervious areas may improve the quality of water draining (EPA Victoria, 2008). As the case study area of Auto nagar has proposed as an Industrial area surrounded by residential use as per master plan (VMC 2004), the quality of underground water has to be addressed. The focus of urban planning must be sustainable and particularly the storm water systems should be meaningful, and educational (Echols 2007). Although Water Sensitive Urban Design considers all parts of the urban water cycle, storm water is a key element, both as a resource, and for the protection of receiving rivers (Melbourne Water 2005). The DSS (Decision Support System) has to be addressed in modular form, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform to link models as required to be developed (Wong 2000). On the basis of the return period of heavy floods and its related disaster preparedness, it is essential and crucial for mitigation of floods etc.(Dieter H. Lindner,2013). The management of storm water with the focus on low impact development (LID) has been emphasized critically to extend to watershed areas (Xiochen Guo, et al 2019).

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) technology has been in use for a long time in the world (Annah Ndeketeva et al 2019) but to be monitored with appropriate institutional mechanism and models in urban areas(Kok Meng Tan et al 2019). With due regard to the works carried in the field of storm water related studies, the auto nagar area has a peculiar character that most of the lorry traffic for transportation logistics of goods supply to south India to North India or vice versa, have go via Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

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Vijayawada, so the Auto Nagar is the Largest Automobile Industrial area, hence most of them pay a visit at least for spare parts of rare in nature. Besides, the Lorry / truck / bus spare parts are kept outside the factory premises and exposed to weather conditions. This study identifies the quantum of pollutants in the ground water, and estimates related to runoff intensities so as to workout appropriate solutions to bring desirable livable environment.

Strategies of Urban Storm Runoff Land-use based storm water pollutant load had estimated for three locations so as to have appropriate monitoring system design for Vijayawada city. And it was compared to the acceptable levels of WHO standards and shown in fig 12. This determines the parameters necessary for the design and implementation of storm water monitoring effort for the study area and estimated the amount, spatial disposition of the storm water runoff volumes and pollutants in the Industrial area. It was addressed using a volume concentration estimation model with the results of local land use- and imperviousness analyses on the basis of collected data from recent storm water estimate of the study area. This action can be done by a computer program or for simplified analysis – by a calculator for the purpose of this study, the linear additive method (LAM) was used with the following elements. The parameters have been identified and classified under sets of criteria and sub – criteria, carried with questioner survey of 64 industries and 20 habitants of the same area and found that 78.5% wanted to have clean and hygiene conditions, but they hardly practice to create such environment. The institutional mechanism for quality maintenance and endowment of ‘law and order’ are not adequate. The broken foot paths, pot holes on road, encroached automobile spare parts on footpath/road, un organized electrical cables, dilapidated structures, altered terrains, erosion of soil, no proper drains / down streams, improper rain water harvesting, inadequate waste water treatment plant (WWTP) and obstruction to run off were hampered the quality of environment, social aspects and economical conditions.

These aspects have been observed and interviewed with the persons / population of this land use with focus on criteria mentioned in the Table:1.

Table 1: Elements In Linear Additive Method

Based on the weighted results the dry pond scored the highest in all three criteria (i.e. environmental, social and economic). For the short time scenario (<2020) the weighted values were: +0.38 (environmental), +0.24 (social) and 0.02 www.tjprc.org

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(economic) as tabulated in table.2. For the long time scenario (< 2025) the weighted values were the following: 0.33 (environmental), +0.15 (social) and -0.08 (economic) scored worse than the dry pond but better than the macadam basin with regard to environmental criteria, social criteria and economic criteria (long time scenario only).

S.No 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 5.1 5.2 6.1 6.2

Table 2: Weighted Values LAM-(ST-2020 And LT-2025) Proposed Options Social Economic Environmental Rainwater harvesting at community level (ST-2020) 0.36 0.23 0.1 Rainwater harvesting at community level (LT -2030) 0.34 0.16 0.2 Rainwater harvesting at Factory / plot level (ST) 0.37 0.31 0.02 Rainwater harvesting at Factory / plot level (LT) 0.35 0.33 0.1 Dry pond(ST) 0.35 0.33 0.1 Dry pond(LT) 0.31 0.21 0.1 Porous Pavers (ST) 0.34 0.35 0.2 Porous Pavers (LT) 0.2 0.21 0.2 Macadam Basin(ST) 0.21 0.1 -0.1 Macadam Basin(LT) 0.23 0.2 0.01 BAU (ST) -0.25 0.1 -0.09 BAU (LT) -0.24 -0.23 -0.3

Total 0.69 0.7 0.7 0.78 0.78 0.63 0.89 0.61 0.21 0.44 -0.24 -0.77

Based on the weighted results the porous apavers scored the highest in all three criteria (i.e. environmental, social and economic). For the short time scenario (<2020) the weighted values were: +0.38 (environmental), +0.35 (social) and 0.2 (economic) as tabulated in table.2. For the long time scenario (< 2030) the weighted values were shown more weighted to Rainwater harvesting at plot level with 0.35 (environmental), +0.33 (social) and 0.1 (economic) scored. The weighted values of dry pond has shows 0.78 and 0.63 for long term and short term respectively for all three areas such as environmental criteria, social criteria and economic criteria (long time and short time scenario only).

Auto Mobile Industrial Estate - Vijayawada City There are three industrial estates in Vijayawada city [Kondpalli, Kanur and Autonagar], the emissions and products may likely to cause pollutants especially sulphor and ferrome respectively which need to look into. It is envisaged that some of the Potential threats to Vijayawada City due to climate change and climate variability: Floods/flash floods, Cyclone are common phenomena as the city is just 60 km away from the sea ( Bay of Bengal). The Vijayawada is located in Andhra Pradesh as shown in fig,1.

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Figure 1: Location of Vijayawada in India Vijayawada is surrounded by the Krishna River on the east,west and the Budameru River on the north. The northern, Northwestern, and Southwestern parts of the city are covered by a low range of hills, while the central, Southwestern and Northwestern parts are covered by rich and fertile agriculture lands with three major irrigation canals.

The topography of Vijayawada is flat, with a few small to medium-sized hills. They have very low elevation as compared to the eastern ghats. Three canals originating from the north side of the Prakasam barrage reservoir, Eluru, Bandar and Rayees, run through the city and also improve the ground water level. The ground water and rainfall data is presented to show the variations in the ground water levels when the rainfall is high and low, the ground water levels are also increasing and decreasing respectively, so the ground water level is directly proportionate to rain fall intensity as per Figure 2.

The percentage of distribution of black cotton soil is high as compared to high which is more fertile soil high potential in shrinking so the waste water coming from the industries polluting the GW because of high absorption capacity of the soil. The charge of ground water is directly proportion to annual rain fall as shown in the Figure 2. The average rain fall 745mm and the average ground water level 5.78m.

Figure 2: Rain fall Vrs Ground water level Existing Land Use

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Figure 3: Existing Land Use in Study Area – Auto Nagar, Vijayawada The mapping of Survey results has been shown in Figure 3 to understand various industries and their services provided in the particular type of industry to present the study area and the type of industries. The land use in terms of different industries and the extent of such industries shown in the table 3, it has also shown that 35000 persons working in Auto angar in 1960 industries. The pollutants generated by theses industries have been investigated and shown in fig 4 to Figure 11.

Table 3: Industries Profile In Vijayawada Industries Profile in Vijayawada Total Industrial area 150 Acre Total No. of Servicing units 850 Total No. of Manufacturing units 710 Total no of storage units 250 Others Industries 150 Total no of workers More than 35000

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The various types of industries and its processing, input / output of materials have been using various chemicals, the byproducts of such industries have been analyzed and shown in Table 4.Many effluents are used in order to clean, service the vehicles, these effluents are not treated properly so the effluents and their byproducts let to storm water drains.

Table 4: Activities Performed in Industrial Area in Vijayawada Services Provided Industrial Estate

Chemicals Used

By Productes Causeing Pollution

Servicing and cleaning ( Lorries, buses, vans, tracters)

Oil and grease, ethylene glycol, chemical water

Organic matters sulphur, potassium and nitrates

Manufacturing of automobile components

Heavy metals, Engines, Motors, oils

Corrosive particles and other small iron parts

Vehicle Dismantling

Oil and grease, ethylene glycol, heavy metals, mercury

Oil., Grease, Organic matter, rest.

Used Parts Storage

Tires, rims, filters, radiators, catalytic converters, engine blocks, galvanized metals.

Manufacturing oils, chemicals, corrosive particles

Outdoor Vehicle and Equipment Storage

Chlorinated solvents, oil and grease, heavy metals, acid/alkaline wastes

Strains, organic matter, solid particles

The table 4 shows the categories of industries and chemicals used, and byproducts causing the pollutants.

Pollutants Characteristics Analysis The Ground water quality sample test results are taken to analyze the water quality levels from the last five years. It is found that the ground water is contaminated by pollutants. The ground water quality has been analyzed and found that the effluent of waste water is contaminating the ground water. The Concentration of water characteristics is increasing year by year. The values of PH crossed the permissible limits in the 2014 as shown in Figure 10 and also TDS of 890 crossed the permissible limit in the year 2016 as shown in Figure 4. The Concentration of water characteristics is varying from the past years the values of chlorine crossed the permissible limits in the 2016 as indicate in Figure 5 and crossed the permissable limit.The concentration levels of chlorin content, Nitrates and sulpher and hardness in water has shown more than permissable limits in Figure 6, 8, 9 and 11 respectively.

It is quite alarming that the water has heavy metals as shown in the Figure 7 so it is essential to have cleaning mechanisam at Industry level as well as at cluster level so that the water table can be protected, the run off has to be driven in appropriate direction with respect to terrain, existing natural drains. www.tjprc.org

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Treating storm water is problematic and has lately been given an increased attention due to more pollution in the cities (Blecken, 2016). Therefore, storm water treatment is highly necessary to protect runoff quality, by providing proper infrastructure to treat, without altering the ecological processes, making it to fulfill the part of the water demand. It is emphasized with proper focus to prevent recipient pollution and minimize discharge of untreated water (Healthy Waterways, 2006).

The Central Water Commission has estimated the total annual surface run-off of India as 188 million hectaremetres (m.ha.m). However, only 36% (68 m.ha.m) of the total run-off is put to use, due to limitations posed by physiographic conditions and of the present state of technology to economically harness water sources. (CGWB, 2000,2002).

In addition to the surface water sources, according to the Central Groundwater Board of India, the utilizable groundwater is about 45 m.ha.m. Thus, the total yearly utilizable water resource of the country is estimated as 113 m.ha.m.

India and Pakistan are virtually water inadequate countries and most of Bangladesh's freshwater come from outside the country. These countries have been using groundwater at an unsustainable way, and in many parts it requires treatment (Ray, 2011).

The polices have to be focuses with area specific priorities, as per the 12 th schedule of the 74th Constitutional amendment act, where 18 new tasks have been defined as in the functional domain of the ULBs, particularly ‘Urban Planning including town planning’, ‘Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings’, ‘Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes’ and ‘Public Health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management.(Jain, 2011).

Runoff water can be directly collected from roofs and other sources of catchments (Che-Ani A.I et al., 2009) and can be stored for immediate utilize immediate need or to make a way to charge underground water table.

Figure 4: TDS Concentration

Figure 8: Hardness

Figure 5: Sp. Cond. Concentration

Figure 9: Sulphur Concentration

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Figure 6: Nitrates Concentration

Figure 7: Heavy Metal Concentration

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Figure 10: Ph Concentration

Figure 11: Chorine content concentration

Figure 12: GW Quality For Location 1,2 And 3

Figure 13: Overlay Assessment

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The Concentration of water characteristics is varying and increasing year to year, the pollutants concentration in the ground water noted higher as compared to the standards of the WHO for the industrial area, so the identification of high intensity areas have been carried and found three locations to conduct detailed study.

Identification of Polluted Area

Figure 14

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As the industries are been categorized in to three namely, Servicing units, manufacturing units and storage units, to identify which type of industry is polluting the land, analysis of water quality has been carried at selected industries. As per the water checking points by the Ground water department, samples have been taken from all three types of industries further to know the quality and characteristics of the water. The sample test results have been compared with WHO standards to know the quality of ground water, it has been observed that, TDS is more in the servicing units, Location-I where water contains potassium, Sulphur and other organic matter which are causing the change in quality of water. The quality of ground water in locations II & III having manufacturing and storage units, found to be having higher TDS and Ferrous values, due to the presence of ferrous, due to the ion exchange chemical reaction, the quality of ground water is being affected especially, the condition is alarming the places where the ground water has been using it for various purposes and especially using the same for drinking water.The High polluted area criteria are taken from the present and past years, the water quality data, exceeding the desirable limits, impact on the people and depletion of ground water quality in the industrial area, ferrous concentration in the water causing the health hazards. Further the presence of ferrous ions causes the change in color of the water. Hence, it is essential and crucial to analyze the water runoff so as to work out appropriate strategy to keep the water quality as required for utilization for the purpose of Industries as well as for general usage. The location specific filters also to be proposed to maintain the quality of water all together.

Assessment of Run Off The Natural Resources Conservation Service of USA, division of the USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) has conducted research for decades developing algorithms and conducting experiments to determine reliable models for predicting peak discharge from storm events. Hydrologic calculation for Peak Discharge, Runoff Depth, Runoff Curve Number, Time of Concentration, and Travel Times were also essential for spatial planning and with due consideration to the contaminants. The United States Soil Conservation Service (SCS) has identified several soil groups where four context specific soil group classifications (A, B, C, or D) that have been used to determining values for drainage area with respect to runoff coefficients. Determination of which SCS soil group fits a particular soil may be on the basis of a measured minimum infiltration rate for the soil or on the basis of a description of the soil. First, an initial hierarchy of 1 to 3 was used as basis for the initial weighting (where 1 was t indicate most important criterion and 3 the last important one for the MCA). Economic aspects were rated as 1, followed by environmental aspects (rated as 2). Social aspects were rated as the least important criterion and were therefore given the rank of 3. Thereafter, the group weights were in accordance with this criteria has been distributed and the sub-criteria of each of the three main sections with a total score of 1.0 was used that were divided in accordance to rank into the following: Economic sub-criteria were given a group weight score of 0.45, environmental sub-criteria were given a group weight of 0.35 and social sub-criteria were given a group weight of 0.20 of the total sum.

Table.5: The minimum infiltration rates for each of the SCS soil groups are as follows: Sl. No.

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Soil Group

1

Group A

2

Group B

Description Deep sand; deep loess; aggregated soils Shallow loess; sandy loam

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Runoff Coefficient 0.30 – 0.45 in/hr 0.15 – 0.30 in/hr

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3

Group C

4

Group D

Clay loams; shallow sandy loam; soils low in organic content; soils usually high in clay Soils that swell significantly when wet; heavy plastic clays; certain saline soils Black cotton soils

0.05 – 0.15 in/hr

0.00 – 0.05 in/hr

The runoff assessment of different soils with regard to the rainfall intensity and runoff coefficients has been carried and shown in table.5. The drainage design for the industrial estate has been developed to avoid flooding and also to recharge the underground water by rain water harvesting after filtering the impurities. The spatial planning considerations of type of soil, topography, land use, building footprints and drainage flow have been interpolated and through GIS based terrain modeling the flow assessment has been carried to work out the drain path, speed and direction to have zero flooding in any pocket of the land, The storm water drainage design friction factor n is 0.017, slope of energy gradients is 0.002, coefficient of runoff C as given in the table.5, intensity of rainfall (mm/hr) of 50 mm/hour have been taken from the secondary data, estimated values have been carried out and is reported in table:6.

On the basis of the overlay assessment and terrain considerations the desired runoff has been assessed and shown in the table no.6 Table 6: Runoff Assessment with Respect to Rain Intensity and for Different Surface Coefficients

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Figure 14: Terrain Modeling.

Figure 15: outlay of drains – modeling.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The runoff has been drained to avoid flooding and to recharge the ground water tables with respect to the overlay analysis and terrain modeling. The overlay analysis and terrain model indicated the path, slope, land use and roads to identify the drain path and direction, harvesting points, purification units and storage. The underground storm water line length of 3030m with cross sectional areas of 0.357sqm will support the industrial area of 145hts to drain the 2096.43m3/s of runoff

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of 50mm/hr intensity of rain. It is also proposed that harvesting at Industrial plot level after purifying the contaminants.

The overflow for water from the harvesting pit has been proposed to connect to the.

Figure 16: The Schematic Drainage Network At Industrial Plot Level

Figure 17: Runoff Water Harvesting Pit Perforated street drains as shown in the Figure 14 and 15. The porous pavers of have been proposed to considered for street drains and further is has been analyzed with respect the topography. The runoff has been directed to dischargeable points for deep harvesting through boars, over and above will be drained out to canals / river for creating flood free area. It has been analyzed that the runoff of 167.71m3/s takes place from the total Industrial area during normal monsoon season (runoff-6mm/h) where the main contribution 102.09 m3/s is from Factory building foot print of Industrial plots. The paved surfaces have to be addressed to have porous pavers so that natural harvesting can happen to the maximum extent of 25% with absorption coefficient of 0.01. The rest of the area (65%) around factory buildings in the

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Industrial plots have been assessed with respect to the surface soil categories and assessed its runoff for various intensities of rain fall. It is also proposed Industrial buildings can adopt the plot specific treatment to the pollutants and design based solution to protect the runoff as shown in the Figure 16. The rain water harvesting at industrial plot level as well as the entire industrial zone has been studied and analyzed to draw the purification mechanism shown in Figure 16, with respect to the runoff for different intensities as analyzed in the table 6, even at 50mm/h rain intensity so as to conserve the water as well as to mitigate the floods water accumulation. The Runoff of the paved areas and unpaved areas is proposed to drain to ground level inspection chamber and then to filtration tank as designed and shown in Figure 17, if the intensity of the rain increases from 2mm/h to 4mm/h or the rain continues for more than 6 hours and the rain water reaches to the level of boar pipe, so the boar will take the runoff direct to the water table. It is to emphasis that continuous rain will also clear / dilute the impurities so directly taking to deep water table may not disturb the quality of the water. Further, if the high intensity rainfall continues and the channel at free board will take the excess water to cluster level/industrial level drain to take it to dischargeable areas and further to canals / river if the rain reached to create runoff of 50mm/h for cyclone /Cloud burst conditions.

CONCLUSIONS The over lay analysis with regard to land use, drainage, drainage flow, mass voids and roads along with run off of storm water with varying intensities for different uses and soils been analyzed through terrain modeling and found appropriate locations for draining the excess and floods in case of 50mm rain intensity for hour (Even extreme case – return period of 100 years). However the water conservation for terrestrial rains by rain water harvesting at Industry level by purifying the runoff and overall layout level model will mitigate the floods of various intensities and drive conservation system by three tire harvesting system such as plot level, locality (ward) level and overall layout level (land use).

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[Online report] Moreton Bay and Catchment Partnership, Chapter 3. pp. 1-6. Available at: http: // healthywaterways. org/ u/ lib/ mob / 20151210164506 _9581d6262 ed 405324/ 2006_wsudtec hdesignguidelines-4mb.pdf [Accessed: 24 January 2017].

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Appraisal of Storm Water Runoff In Industrial Area-Autonagar Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India

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28. MURALIMOHAN, N., et al. "ARTIFICIAL FLOATING ISLAND SOLUTION TO RIVER WATER POLLUTION IN ERODE DISTRICT." IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology (IMPACT: IJRET) 4.4 (2016):13-20 29. NWAOSU, SC, O. PETER, and CR EGEMBA. "EFFECTS OF DYE WASTE MATTER ON WATER POLLUTION: EVIDENCE FROM RIVER SHEHURI SOUTH, MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA." BEST: International Journal of Humanities, Arts, Medicine and Sciences (BEST: IJHAMS) 2.9 (2014):97-102 30. Ahmed, M. U. S. F. I. Q. U. E., R. I. F. A. T. Anwar, and M. A. Hossain. "Opportunities and li mitations in practicing rainwater harvesting systems in Bangladesh." International Journal of Civil Engineering (IJCE) 2.4 (2013): 67-74.

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Autobiographical Sketch Dr. Srikonda Ramesh, B.Arch, Master of Town Planning, PG Diploma in Ecology and Environment, PhD ( IIT Delhi ), is a professor in the school of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada (SPAV),India, Institute of National Importance, where he previously served as Chief Architect, MCD, Delhi and additional Charge as Director (Planning – S & JJ). Previously, he was Dean of studies in SPAV and also headed the ‘Department of Planning’ and ‘Department of Architecture’. His research interests include urban planning, architecture, and energy studies in architecture and urban planning. He received his PhD in Energy studies, from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. He has implemented many architectural, urban planning and research projects in India. He had published his research works in various international and national reputed journals. His competition entry on ‘Energy Efficient Housing in India’ adjudged as five finalists by Building and Social Housing Foundation, UK as five finalists in 1992 for world habitat awards RNS Murthy, working as Assistant Professor, School of Planning and Architecture, ijayawada, an institute of National Importance, Ministry of HRD, Govt of India. Having the post-Graduation degree in Environmental planning from Andhra University and Bachelor’s degree in Architecture from Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, State of Andhra Pradesh. He is having technical papers published in national and international journals as well as presented technical papers in national and international conferences. Visited several countries, Norway, SriLanka and Thailand for academic visits.

Mrs. Sai Manogna G. presently working as Planner

in LEE Associates, India, Prior to the present position she

worked in GHMC (Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation) Town planning Department, Andhra Pradesh and in Eluru Municipal corporation, AP. India. and her Post graduation was in ‘Masters

in

Environmental

Planning

and

Management’, she studied her under gradation in Civil Engineering, JNTU, AP, India, her on going research work is on ‘Storm water runoff and its Appreciation’ and also she participated in academic works of preparing-Regional Development www.tjprc.org

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editor@tjprc.org

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Dr. Srikonda Ramesh, Rns Murthy & Monogna Sai

Plan for Nilgiri District-Tamilnadu, Eco city Development plan for Eco city development plan for Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh and Village cluster development plan for a Village development plan for Somarajupalli in Singarayakonda, Mandal, Prakasam district, A.P.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

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NAAS Rating: 3.11