THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON PURCHASE INTENTION AND BRAND LOYALTY IN THE E-COMMERCE INDUS

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 2865-2878 © TJPR Pvt. Ltd.

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON PURCHASE INTENTION AND BRAND LOYALTY IN THE E-COMMERCE INDUSTRY DEWI, CHERLIA BRIGHTOKTA & NOVELIA REFINDA Business Creation Program, Management Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia ABSTRACT The e-commerce industry is one of the leading industries in Indonesia. With the growth of social media users every year, marketers see this opportunity as a way to market their products or services with the aim of increasing consumer purchase intention, which in turn makes consumers loyal to the brand. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of social media marketing on purchase intention and brand loyalty in the e-commerce industry. The data were collected by distributing a questionnaire to 407 customers with purposive sampling. Research method used is PLS-SEM where the data were processed using SmartPLS ver. 3.3.2. The results of this study has shown that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention and brand loyalty in the e-commerce industry. Hence, it is highly suggested that e-commerce industry must increase their social media marketing to boost up their consumers’ purchase intention and

KEYWORDS: Social Media Marketing, Purchase Intention & Brand Loyalty

Received: Jun 06, 2020; Accepted: Jun 26, 2020; Published: Jul 09, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN2020271 1. INTRODUCTION In the modern era, the use of the Internet has shown a rapid growth in Indonesia. Increasing number of Internet usage in Indonesia has grown until it reaches a stage which its growth outperforms the population growth in Indonesia. In 2018, the growth of internet users is 10.12% meanwhile the population growth of Indonesia is 0.63%.

One of the biggest impacts of the Internet development is Internet has become an important business platform. As the result, the Internet has grown e-commerce to an exponential rate.

According to a survey by Google & Temasek (2018), it is stated that Indonesia has the largest e-commerce industry in Southeast Asia with a market size of USD 12 billion in 2018 and s expected to be worth USD 53 billion in 2022. E-commerce has great potential to boost up Indonesian economy. To help the success of e-commerce, every firm has to know an effective marketing strategy.

Social media marketing has become a marketing strategy that has been used in the past decade. With the rapid growth of social media every year, marketers see this opportunity as an effective strategy for marketing. In Indonesia, there are 150 million social media users, 56% of the total population. The average Indonesian people spend time using the internet for 8 hours 36 minutes per day, where 3 hours 26 minutes are used mainly for social media. Based on the data above, Indonesia provides a valid platform in social media marketing research.

With the popularity of social media marketing, various studies have been conducted to understand its effects. Based on the previous research by Laksamana (2018), it was stated that social media marketing has an

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brand loyalty towards the brand

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influence towards purchase intentions and brand loyalty in general that applies to all industries, so further research is needed to know its effects on other industries more spesifically. Therefore, this study is to respond from previous research which is to discuss the impact of social media marketing towards purchase intention and brand loyalty in the e-commerce industry, as the e-commerce industry has keep increasing and has a high potential in the global industry.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Social Media Marketing Along with the rapid development of technology, many companies which have previously applied conventional marketing techniques (offline) are now beginning to shift to digital channels (online). Therefore, for the time being, digital marketing is one of the electronic medias that are most often used by marketers to promote products or services to the market (Yasmin A., Tasneem S., Fatema K., 2015), and this has aligned with the continuous growth of social media users, which built the urge of marketers to use social media platforms to market their products or services online.

The definition of social media marketing is to supervise and facilitate customers in terms of interaction and participation through website to encourage positive engagement between customers with the company and its brand.

(Chaffey & Ellis-Chadwick, 2016 p.528). Social Media Marketing refers to the practice of utilizing social media technology to conveniently and effectively communicate with consumers by offering lower costs, building personal relationships, and exchanging offers. (Wang. Y, Ahmed, Deng, & Wang. H, 2019).

2.1.1Five Measures of Social Media Marketing Kim and Ko identified five factors to determine Social Media Marketing, namely, entertainment, interactions, trendiness, customization, and E-WOM. : (Kim and Ko 2011) 

Entertainment



Users appreciate and are interested in the social media content of a product.



Interactions



Users are able to express their opinions, sharing information and having conversations with associated individuals.



Trendiness



Using social media product that displays an up to date content makes users relatively trendy and not outdated.



Customization



Information is tailored to the way users conduct information searches.



e-Word of Mouth (e-WOM)



The user's willingness to convey information about a product from his social media to others and to his personal social media account

2.2Purchase Intention Purchase intention is a possibility where consumers will buy a particular product. The greater the intention of someone Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

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means the higher the likelihood of him to buy the product, although there is no certainty whether consumers will actually buy the product. (Wang & Tsai, 2014) One of the most well-known HOE (Hierarchy-of-Effects) models in purchase intention is attention, interest, desire, action (AIDA) (Laksamana,201)]. Strong (1925) explains AIDA as follows (Sahaf, M.A., 2019): 1. Attention An ad must be able to attract the attention of its audiences. The tendency of people is not much of observers unless they are really trained to examine an ad. Therefore, in the world of advertising, it is assumed that attention will not be achieved unless people are drawn to certain visual elements. To achieve this goal, an advertisement is suggested to deliver something new and fresh.

2. Interest An effective advertisement must be able to construct interest after attracting the attention of consumers. To achieve this goal, the message of an advertisement need to contain a suggestive message or a value that is eventful and can be remembered. Ads are required to offer advices to consumers through images (or visual elements) and slogans (or copywriting) accordingly. Suggestions can be made in the form of questions or in the form of commands. The message must be designed in such a way as to meet the needs of consumers.

3. Desire Advertising must be able to stimulate the desire of readers or listeners for the use of products or services. This can be achieved if the product or service advertised meets the reader's requirements. Thus, advertising must aim to awaken even the latent needs of the audience.

4. Action Each ad includes suggestions for actions in some form or other. This step explains about the desired result of the previous steps discussed above. Thus, it is the most important. The desirability phase of the AIDA formulation must be so strong enough to be impactful to the society, resulting in the readers or listeners to feel themselves incomplete without purchasing a particular product or service. This will elevate engagement and desire of customer and make them grow impatient to own products or experience services.

2.3Brand Loyalty Brand loyalty is a measure of the attachment consumers have to a brand [Aaker]. Loyalty is often seen as a tendency of customers to continuously, from time to time, to show the same behavior in situations as previously encountered [Reynolds et al. (1974), in Veloutsou, 2015]. From a consumer’s perspective, a brand loyalty is indicated by the intention to buy a brand as the first choice (Pappu & Quester, 2016).

Aaker conceptualizes brand loyalty as a pyramid with five levels : 

Switcher or price buyer



Consumers who are not loyal, who are indifferent to the brand and who consider any brand to be sufficient enough that the brand name has little influence on purchasing decisions.

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

Habitual buyer



Those who are satisfied with the product or at least quite satisfied.



Switching-cost loyal



Buyers who are satisfied with switching costs, those who do not want to take the risk of changing products and can be referred to as buyers who are used to it.



Friends of the brand



Loyal buyers who think of brands as friends.



Committed customers Those who are very loyal to the brand. They are proud customers of the brand and will recommend the brand to

others.

3. HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH MODEL 3.1Hypotheses Development E-commerce has used social media as a way for them to stay connected to their customers. This platform is very helpful in terms of communication where both parties can easily express their opinions. It is also one way for companies to be reachable, friendly and to have a good customer relationship. (Saravanakumar, 2012) Social media has a great impact on marketing which affects the brand and consumer relationship (Akthar,2016).

Further, the research conducted by (Laksamana, 2018) also found that social media marketing has a positive influence on consumer purchase intentions. Therefore H1: Social Media Marketing has a Significant Influence on Purchase Intention With the growing penetration of internet users, social media is no longer unnatural for the community. Many companies also use social media as a platform for them to market their products or services. From the marketing perspective, (Thurau, Hofacker, and Bloching, 2013) said that social media is a market where sellers and buyers live side by side with various facilities and interact in various ways with one another. The purpose of social media marketing is relationship building, brand building, publicity, and promotion (Gunelius 2011, P.15). Ismail (2017) emphasized that social media marketing activities will help marketers understand brand loyalty even more. While M. M. Khan (2019) said that social media marketing activities have a significant direct statistical impact on brand loyalty. Thus : H2: Social Media Marketing has a Significant Influence on Brand Loyalty Brands are important to both consumers and companies. It is also considered a very important tool to create a positive image in customers. Brand loyalty itself means that consumers have the intention to buy from the same brand in the future.

Erdoğmuş and Çiçek (2012) states that elements of brand loyalty include: intention to interact more with brands, intention to increase (repeat purchases) to the brand, trust in the brand, intention to interact with the brand through social media, and intention to recommend brands to others (friends). (Murtiningsih & Murad, 2016) A. Ceyhan (2019) found that the Purchase Intention and Brand Loyalty have a positive relationship between one another. Ghanbari et al. (2017) also found that these two variables have a significant positive relationship. Danish et al.

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(2018) found that purchase intentions were usually made or customers repeatedly bought products to show loyalty to the product. Therefore: H3: Purchase Intention has a Significant Influence on Brand Loyalty 3.2Research Model This research developed a conceptual framework based on review of existing literature, as shown in figure 1. This research will focus on the impact of social media marketing on purchase intention and brand loyalty in the e-commerce industry.

Figure 1: Research Model

4. METHODOLOGY This study uses a cross-sectional approach and the type of data used in this research is quantitative data obtained from distributing questionnaires online to 407 respondents with parameters in the form of Likert scale numbers with 1 means strongly disagree and 5 means strongly agree. The questions from the survey was developed from the previous research.

(Laksamana 2018, Kim and Ko 2010, Ferdinan, Aaker] The sampling technique used is nonprobability sampling by using a purposive sampling method. This method is called purposive sampling because the determination of this sample has certain considerations, where this technique does not provide equal opportunity or opportunity for each member of the population. Considerations set for this study are for people who have followed social media accounts (Facebook / Instagram) owned by Tokopedia.

The population in this study is the number of e-commerce users in Indonesia, where the number of e-commerce users in Indonesia according to eshopworld (2018) is 31.65 million people. In this study, Slovin formula (Sevilla, 1994) was used to determine the number of samples that could represent the population. With the confidence level at 95% and the estimated acceptable error rate is 5%, the minimum sample required was 400 respondents.

Total collected respondents was 558, but only 407 of them meet the criteria used. Finally, the data was tested using the SmartPLS method with SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square) data analysis techniques to find the results of research and test hypotheses that have been made previously.

5. RESULTS 5.1Respondents’ Profile Based on the overall total of 407 respondents, 51.6% were male and 48.4% were women, mostly age between 21-30 years (71.3%), respondents are mostly student (73.2%) with income per month Rp 1,000,000 - Rp 2,000,000 (32.2%). Based on the results of the distribution of this questionnaire it was found that 64.9% of respondents chose Instagram as the most used www.tjprc.org

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social media and 59.7% of respondents chose Tokopedia as the most visited e-commerce. Data can be seen from the table below:

Characteristic Gender Age

Income

Occupation

Table 1 Category Male Female ≤ 20 21 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 ≥ 51 < IDR 1,000,000 IDR 1,000,000 – IDR 2,999,999 IDR 3,000,000 – IDR 4,999,999 > IDR 5,000,000 Student Colleger Employee Entrepreneur Unemployment

Number 210 197 110 290 5 1 0 82 131 102 92 15 298 66 27 1

Percentage 51.6% 48.4% 27% 71.3% 1.2% 0.2% 0% 20.1% 32% 25.1% 22.6% 3.7% 73.2% 16.2% 6.6% 0.2%

E-commerce has used social media as a way for them to stay connected to their customers. This platform is very helpful in terms of communication where both parties can easily express their opinions. It is also one way for companies to be reachable, friendly and to have a good customer relationship. (Saravanakumar, 2012) 5.2 Evaluation of the Outer Measurement Model Outer model is the measurement model which consists of the indicators and the paths connecting them to their respective factors. It is used to express the relationships among latent variables and indicators. Here, we’re using the reflective model.

5.2.1 Convergent Validity Test Convergent validity value is the value of loading factor on latent variables with the indicators. Convergent validity values can be seen from the outer loading value, which is based on the rule of thumb that the outer loading value must be equal to or higher than 0.07. In exploratory studies, outer loading values starting from 0.04 are acceptable. (Hair, Hult, Ringle, & Sarstedt, 2011).

Table 2 Before Modificatiom Variable Outer Loading SMM1 0.668 SMM2 0.733 SMM3 0.667 SMM4 0.657 SMM5 0.628 SMM6 0.560 SMM7 0.657 SMM8 0.624 SMM9 0.635 SMM10 0.610 SMM11 0.614 PI1 0.755 Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

After Modification Variable Outer Loading SMM1 0.668 SMM2 0.733 SMM3 0.667 SMM4 0.658 SMM5 0.629 SMM6 0.558 SMM7 0.657 SMM8 0.623 SMM9 0.633 SMM10 0.611 SMM11 0.615 PI1 0.753

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PI2 PI3 PI4 BL1 BL2 BL3 BL4 BL5 BL6

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Table 2: Condt,..

0.800 PI2 0.783 PI3 0.800 PI4 0.022 BL2 0.704 BL3 0.685 BL5 0.089 BL6 0.824 0.801

0.800 0.785 0.800 0.699 0.700 0.824 0.802

In the first validity test, it appears that indicator BL 1 and BL 4 are invalid, hence we removed both indicators and and do the validity test again. And the results are all variables are valid. The results can be seen in the table above.

We can also determine it by looking at the average variance extracted (AVE) value. The recommended AVE value is above 0.5. However, according to Fornell-Larcker (1981), convergent validity values can still be accepted even though the AVE value is below 0.5 if the composite reliability value meets the requirements (above 0.7).

No 1 2 3

Table 3 Variable Composite Reliability Social Media Marketing 0.885 Purchase Intention 0.865 Brand Loyalty 0.843

AVE 0.413 0.616 0.575

The table above shows that there is one variable with the AVE value below 0.5, namely the Social Media Marketing variable with the AVE value of 0.413 but all of the above variables have composite reliability values above 0.7.

Thus, all of the AVE value is accepted.

5.2.2 Discriminant Validity Test Discriminant validity test is used to measure how difference one construct with the other constructs is. According to Grégoire and Fisher (2006), the value of discriminant validity is measured from the cross-loading value of each variable, where the value of an indicator is declared valid if it has the highest loading factor to the intended construct compared to the loading factor to other constructs (Hair, Hult, Ringle, & Sarstedt, 2011).

SMM1 SMM2 SMM3 SMM4 SMM5 SMM6 SMM7 SMM8 SMM9 SMM10 SMM11 PI1 PI2 PI3 PI4 BL2 www.tjprc.org

Table 4 SMM PI 0.668 0.401 0.733 0.497 0.667 0.450 0.658 0.405 0.629 0.365 0.558 0.423 0.657 0.469 0.623 0.348 0.633 0.321 0.611 0.447 0.615 0.355 0.530 0.753 0.502 0.800 0.444 0.785 0.532 0.800 0.475 0.580

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BL 0.445 0.503 0.432 0.437 0.414 0.380 0.454 0.367 0.394 0.419 0.482 0.499 0.550 0.583 0.532 0.699 editor@tjprc.org

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BL3 BL5 BL6

Table 4: Contd,.

0.412 0.482 0.539 0.541 0.598 0.484

0.700 0.824 0.800

Based on the cross-loading calculation above, it can be seen that the loading factor for the SMM indicator (SMM1 to SMM11) has the highest loading factor on the SMM construct when compared with other constructs. The same thing also appears in the other two indicators. Thus, latent constructs predict indicators in their blocks better than indicators in other blocks.

5.2.3 Reliability Test Reliability test is measured by looking at the value of Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. According to Hair, Hult, Ringle, & Sarstedt (2011), the value of Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability must be greater than 0.7.

No 1 2 3

Variable Social Media Marketing Purchase Intention Brand Loyalty

Table 5 Conbrach’s Alpha 0.857 0.792 0.751

Composite Reliability 0.885 0.865 0.843

Based on the above test, it can be seen that the value of Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability exceeds 0.7.

Thus, it can be stated that each variable meets the requirements.

5.3 Evaluation of the Inner Structural Model We confirmed that the measurement model was valid and reliable. So, we continue to the the inner model which is also known as the structural model, and it is used to express the relationships among latent variables.

5.3.1 Coefficient of Determination Coefficient of determination is also known as R-Square, it is used to measure the effect given from the variable independent on variable dependent. According to Chin (1998), R-Square is categorized as "strong" when it has a value of 0.67, categorized as "moderate" when it is valued at 0.33 and categorized as "weak" when it is valued at 0.19. (Ghozali & Latan, 2015) Table 6 No 1 2

Endogenous Variable Purchase Intention Brand Loyalty

R-Square 0.409 0.566

Effect Moderat Moderat

Based on the table above, it can be concluded that social media marketing has an influence of 40.9% on purchase intention, while 59.1% is influenced by variables outside this study. Then, 56.6% of brand loyalty variable can be explained by social media marketing and purchase intention variables, while the remaining 43.4% is explained by variables outside of this study.

5.3.2 Effect Size The effect size is used to evaluate the R-Square value of all endogenous constructs, while it is also used to evaluate whether the exogenous construct that is removed has a substantive impact on the endogenous construct. According to Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

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Cohen (1988), Effect Size (f2) values of 0.02, 0.15, and 0.35 can be interpreted as weak effect, moderate effect, and strong effect. (Hair, Hult, Ringle & Sarstedt, 2011).

Exogenous Variables Social Media Marketing Social Media Marketing Purchase Intention

Table 7 Endogenous Variable Purchase Intention Brand Loyalty Brand Loyalty

Effect Size

Effect

0.693 0.209 0.262

Strong Moderate Moderate

It can be seen that the Social Media Marketing has a strong effect on the Purchase Intention and have moderate effect on Brand Loyalty. While the Purchase Intention has a moderate effect on the Brand Loyalty.

5.3.3 Predictive Relevance of the Model (Q 2) Q2 statistics are used to measure the quality of the PLS path model, it is calculated by using blindfolding procedures, and cross-validated redundancy was performed. According to Henseler et al. (2009), Q2 values of 0.02, 0.15, and 0.35 can be interpreted as weak, moderate, and strong predictive relevance. (Hair, Hult, Ringle, & Sarstedt, 2011).

Variable Purchase Intention Brand Loyalty

Table 8 SSO SSE 1628.000 1224.058 1628.000 1110.200

Q2 (=1-SSE/SSO) 0.248 0.318

Based on the table above, it can be seen that both Purchase Intention and Brand Loyalty have moderate predictive relevance.

5.3.4 Hypotheses Test The hypotheses test is calculated by using the value of original sample, T statistics and P values.

Path

Table 9 Original Sig. 95% Sample

T-Statistics (|O/STDEV|)

P Values

Social Media Marketing  Purchase Intention

0.640

1.97

21.669

0.000

Social Media Marketing  Brand Loyalty

0.392

1,97

8.377

0.000

Purchase Intention  Brand Loyalty

0.439

1,97

9.197

0.000

Ket Positif Signifikan Positif Signifikan Positif Signifikan

Based on the table above it can be concluded that Hypothesis 1. Social media marketing has an influence on purchase intention in the e-commerce industry. Based on the results of data processing, it can be seen that the T statistics value of 21,669 is proven to be greater than 1.96 and the original sample value is 0.640 which means it has a strong positive direction. So it can be stated that the social media marketing variable has a significant influence on the purchase intention variable. Thus, it is concluded that the results of this study are in line with several previous studies by Akhtar et al. (2016) and Laksamana (2018).

Hypothesis 2. Social media marketing has an influence on brand loyalty in the e-commerce industry. Based on the results of data processing, it can be stated that the social media marketing variable has a positive and significant effect on Brand Loyalty as evidenced by the T-statistic value of 8,388 (> 1.96) and the original sample value of 0.392. Thus, it www.tjprc.org

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was concluded that the results of this study are in line with several previous studies by Tung et al. (2017), Ismail (2017), and M. M. Khan, (2019).

Hypothesis 3. Purchase intention has an influence on brand loyalty. Based on the results of data processing carried out, it can be stated that the purchase intention variable has a significant effect on Brand Loyalty as evidenced by the original sample value of 0.439 and the T-statistic value of 9.197 (> 1.96). It can be concluded that the results of this study support several previous studies such as those conducted by A. Ceyhan (2019), Ghanbari et al. (2017), and Danish et al. (2018).

6. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Based on the result of the analysis, it can be concluded that social media marketing has a significant influence to purchase intention and brand loyalty on the e-commerce industry.

First, as for Social Media Marketing, the most influential variable is entertainment. (Godey, 2016) also found that any social media marketing strategy must pay more attention toward contents that has an entertainment element on it.

Therefore, in order to increase customer purchase intention and brand loyalty, e-commerce companies can start to maximise their marketing by providing contents that has the entertainment touch on it. For example, by providing video content, everything that has a story line such as drama, the use of music, interactive games such as question and answer, and others.

Second, based on the analysis, the Referential Interest and Explorative Interest indicators are the indicators or that have the highest influence. Referential Interest is one’s tendency to refer products to other people, [Ferdinand di dalam, Rahayu, Fitriana, & Zanky, 2018]. One example that can be done by e-commerce companies is by maximising their social media to promote the promotion programs that are running, such as the referral programs. This way, customers will be more interested and their intention for buying a product or service will be increased. While Explorative Interest is the behavior of someone who is always looking for information about the product or services that they might be interested in and looking for information that supports the positive qualities of the product. E-commerce companies can put this into the content that they are marketing through their social media, e.g. Q&A about a new or just launched products, or the products or services details explanatory, basically everything that supports the positive value of a product or service.

Third, as for Brand Loyalty, friends of the brand indicator is the most influential indicator. Friends of the brand are buyers who really like a brand. Their preferences can be based on associations such as symbols, personal experience, or high quality. Buyers have an emotional attachment towards the brand [Aaker, 1991]. E-commerce companies can strive for marketing using social media to provide excellent services, so that consumers can have a good attachment to the brand. In addition, the content provided by the company must also able to build a good impression for the company both in terms of brand names, symbols, and the company's products or services. Companies can also take advantage of social media marketing as a platform for companies to build a good impression and image so as to attract emotional attachment or consumer feelings towards the company or the brand.

Based on the conclusion, this study can be used as a reference for e-commerce industries in order to increase their customer’s purchase intention and brand loyalty through social media marketing.

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7. LIMITATION AND FUTURE RESEARCH Although research has shown the impact of social media marketing on purchase intentions and brand loyalty, this study also has several limitations. First, we selected one specific Indonesian e-commerce brand. Thus, this research could not be implemented for other industries in various context.

Second, this current study are based only on cross-sectional data, which means longitudinal studies will need new data and will be more appropriate in order to find new discoveries.

Third, caution should be noted that other factors that are influencing any of each variable can be included to refine the model and getting deeper insights.

Finally, generalization for the entire population of social media are recommended in order to get a better understanding for social media users, as we only focused on Indonesian social media users.

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AUTHOR’S PROFILE

Dewi, was born in 1990 in Belinyu, Bangka Belitung. She obtained her bachelor degree in Information Systems at Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia in 2012. In 2013 she continued her graduate studies in the Business Management program, Bina Nusantara Business School and graduated in 2015. In 2015 she joined as a young lecturer in Business Creation Study Program – Bina Nusantara University. She taught courses in Entrepreneurship, Design Thinking and Entrepreneurial Marketing. Her research domains include consumer behavior, start-up business, and business model.

Cherlia Brightokta, was born in Semarang, in 1998. She is an undergraduate student in Business Creation Program from Bina Nusantara University and will be graduating in 2020. Her research interests include marketing, business development, and business management

www.tjprc.org

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editor@tjprc.org

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Dewi, Cherlia Brightokta & Novelia Refinda

Novelia Refinda, was born in Tanjung Pinang, in 1998. She is an undergraduate student in Business Creation Program from Bina Nusantara University and will be graduating in 2020. Her areas of interests include marketing, business development, and business management.

Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

SCOPUS Indexed Journal

NAAS Rating: 3.11