INFLUENCE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING STONE QUARRY DUST AND PET FIBER

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN(P): 2249-6890; ISSN(E): 2249-8001 Vol. 10, Issue 6, Jun 2020, 3419-3428 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

INFLUENCE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING STONE QUARRY DUST AND PET FIBER RAHUL1 & NITIN VERMA2 Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Ghraun, Punjab, India Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Ghraun, Punjab, India ABSTRACT Concrete is identified as a fairly breakable material when exposed to loading and normal stresses. The tensile strength of concrete is around one-tenth of its compressive strength. The resulting concrete members are not able to support the stresses and loads that occur mainly in most concrete structures. The loss of conventional sand leads the requirement for other materials for their placement. This test study clarifies in insight regarding stone quarry dust residue which is an industrial waste material accessible locally in India as a substitute material to normal sand which is generally utilized in cement concrete. Stone quarry dust has recently been widely regarded as a river sand substitute, and to explain impact importance and impact mechanism of stone quarry dust concrete characteristic parameters demonstration is important for its scientific application. This study is carried in M35 grade of concrete. This study examines stone quarry dust in

plastic fibers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) also has been systematically examined. PET waste is added in different percentages (0%, .5%, 1%, and 1.5%) by volume. At first stone quarry dust is varied in different percentages (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) as partial replacement of sand. Peak value of stone quarry dust is obtained at 10%. After that keeping stone quarry dust amount fix at 10% as sand replacement, PET fiber is added in different percentage (0%, .5%, 1%, and 1.5%) in concrete.

Original Article

different percentages (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%). In this study concrete performance with non-biodegradable waste

KEYWORDS: Mechanical Properties & PET Fiber

Received: Jun 17, 2020; Accepted: Jul 07, 2020; Published: Jul 14 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN2020325

INTRODUCTION Concrete is the furthermost generally utilized development material because of its long lifespan, high compressive quality, and due to its economical nature. The advantages of concrete are high in compressive strength, great in fire resistance, watertight and the service life is long. Concrete also comes with some of its weaknesses, such as low crack-resistant, tensile strength is low, high curing time to regain its anticipated strength, and tends to crack. To overcome such weaknesses of materials, many studies have been done on fiber reinforced concrete. Fibers are the materials that are used to increase tensile strength, toughness, durability, and also used in concrete to control bleeding, plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage.

Plastic consumption worldwide has increased considerably from day by day. This cause plastic waste generation in large quantity. This plastic waste is a challenge to be disposed of and managed because it is a nonbiodegradable material in nature and it is harmful to our beautiful environment. Polyethylene terephthalate bottles can be used for various purposes after recycling it. Polyethylene terephthalate is the furthermost widely recognized thermoplastic polymer of the polyester family and is utilized for food containers, clothing, bottles of liquid, and containers. In this study, waste polyethylene terephthalate bottles were cut down in the form of fibers and utilized as

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an addition to concrete. The addition of 0.5% of PET fiber reduces compressive strength by 2% and decrease of compressive strength reaches up to 23% when the fiber is added by 1% and results show that there is a significant improvement in flexural and split tensile strength by addition of PET fiber[1]. Specimens of PET fiber and Polypropylene fibers show a slight decrease in compressive strength 1-9% and 1-10% respectively and ultimate load carrying capacity and ductility increases by 30% and 1000% respectively[2].The compressive strength gets decreased up to 0.5% to 8.5% by the addition of PET fibers compared to the normal mix and there is a substantial rise in flexural strength by the addition of PET fiber. Results show that by addition of PET fibers crack development get restrained. Smallest crack was with 1.5% addition by volume[3].For self-compacting concrete, the compressive strength gets increased by the addition of PET fiber, the maximum increase is shown in 1.5% by volume. The flexural strength get increased by 70% by addition of PET fiber in 1.5% by volume[4]. Addition of waste plastic fiber leads to reduction in wet density of self-compacting concrete and flexural and compressive strength showing positive effect after the addition of waste plastic fibers[5].

Natural river sand as fine aggregate is the main source of construction in developing nations and is the main component of construction work. Therefore, to meet the rapid growth of construction work the requirement of adequate natural sand is quite high. Heavy demand of adequate normal sand for construction works creates resource scarcity.

Despite the lack of adequate quality normal sand, large amount of waste materials is generated nearby in the construction industry. Again, this is a difficult task for solid waste management, for this, huge area is required to dump waste, transportation charges are high, and for recycling and disposal of waste materials there is need of efficient technology and also have bad impact on atmosphere. Therefore, to decrease the waste from mechanical procedures is complex and expensive. The huge demand for sand makes river sand very expensive and rare. Therefore, we need to find materials that can partially and completely replace the sand. Stone quarry dust can be the alternative material which can replace sand partial and fully. The advantages of using stone quarry dust help to save the environment, cost-effective, easily accessible, can be used efficiently as a substitute for sand. The flexural strength get raised at 10% replacement and compressive strength also get raised with 10% replacement when dust particles are passed through 75µm BS sieve[6]. Strengths increases up to 70% of replacement and 30% of replacement of dust with sand give peak value and workability decreases with increase of dust content[7]. Addition of 10% stone quarry dust in concrete gives peak value[8]. There is increase in strength properties with an increase in the amount of crushed stone dust. Ultrasonic pulse velocity test for complete replacement of sand by crushed stone dust shows excellent results [9]. The stress-strain curve for both natural sand and quarry dust shows similar behavior. Concrete stress-strain curve containing quarry dust show 15% of the increase, 25% replacement of sand gave the highest modulus of elasticity 7.9% higher than concrete[10].

MATERIALS Cement Cement plays the role of binder in the concrete binder which is used to bind other construction materials together. Cement is used to manufacture mortar and concrete during the construction process. Cement is one of the most common building materials among others because cement has the ability to hold the structure together. Cement grade OPC-43 conforming to IS 8112-1989 was used for investigation.

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Table 1: Properties of Cement Description Results Specific Gravity of Cement 3.3 Normal Consistency of Cement 30.5% Fineness of Cement 2.27 Initial Setting Time 28 minutes Final Setting Time 232 minutes Compressive Strength 42.78

Aggregates The aggregates in the concrete mix are generally considered as inert fillers but aggregates job is not only to act as filler in concrete, a closer look tells us that aggregates play important role in both hardened properties and fresh properties of concrete. Unit weight, change in gradation, moisture content, and maximum size all can change the performance and character of concrete. Locally available aggregates are used in this study. Tests performed on aggregates are as per recommendations given by IS 383-1970.

Table 2: Properties of Coarse Aggregates S. No. Description Results 1 Fineness Modulus 8.09 2 Specific Gravity 2.64 Table 3: Properties of Fine Aggregates S. No. Description Results 1 Fineness modulus 3.22 2 Specific gravity 2.61 3 Grade zone 2 Stone Quarry Dust Stone quarry dust is produced in crusher plants during quarrying activities of boulders into different sizes. One of the focused material as the partial replacement of sand is stone quarry dust because it only not helps to increase the quality of concrete but also helps us to conserve the natural river sand for future use.

Table 4: Properties of Stone Quarry Dust S. No. Description Results 1 Fineness Modulus 2.42 2 Specific Gravity 2.58 PET Fiber Fibers are added to reduce cracking which cause due to drying shrinkage. They also help to increase concrete tensile strength and help to reduce bleeding of concrete.

Table 5: Properties of PET Fiber S. No. Description Results 1 Length (mm) 50 2 Width (mm) 4 3 Thickness (mm) 0.35 4 Aspect Ratio 35.71 5 Tensile Strength (MPa) 101 6 Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) 0.19

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Water Cement get hardened due to process of hydration which is not possible without water. Drinkable water has been utilized in this investigation for mixing and curing. Specifications of IS 456-2000 has been used.

Super Plasticizer The role of super plasticizer is to reduce amount of water content in concrete mix without affecting properties of concrete.

Tamcen 60R super plasticizer has been used in this study by weight of cement. Super plasticizer is added 1% by weight of cement.

Table 6: Properties of Super Plasticizers S. No. Description Result 1 Form Liquid 2 Colour Thick brown 3 Density (g/cm3) 1.07±0.02 4 Solid Content (%) 27.00±1.30 5 Ph 5.0±1.0 6 Chloride Content < 0.1

TESTING DETAILS The following tests were carried out

Compressive strength test

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Split tensile strength test

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Flexural strength test

Compressive Strength Test The main work of concrete is to counter the compressive strength. Compressive strength in concrete is most important and useful property because compressive strength helps to choose other factors like split tensile and flexural strengths. So, it’s very important to carry out compressive strength test in predefined machine with care. In this study, firstly sand amount is varied using stone quarry dust in varying percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%). By fluctuating all proportion of stone quarry dust with concrete we obtain its peak value at 10%. The peak value of stone quarry dust replacements were found at 10% replacement. Various percentages (0%, .5%, 1%, and 1.5%) of PET fiber are added on concrete containing 10% of stone quarry dust. For this study casted cubes were of size 150×150×150 mm. The determination of compressive strength by using formula Compressive Strength = N/mm2 P = Compression Load Shown in Testing Machine A = Area of Cube Split Tensile Strength Test For concrete this property is related to its tensile strength. This is achieved by performing tensile strength tests on a concrete. For performing this test, the concrete sample is made in cylindrical in shape. Split tensile strength test is Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

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performed to determine affect and extent of cracking in structure. For this study cylinders dimensions used were 150×300mm. For this study, firstly cylinders were casted for various percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) of stone quarry dust as partial replacement of sand. After obtaining its peak value of various replacement of stone quarry dust at 10%, various percentages (0%, .5%, 1%, and 1.5%) of PET fiber were added on concrete containing 10% of stone quarry dust. The determination of split tensile strength is done using formula Split Tensile Strength =

N/mm2

P = Maximum Load Displayed in Machine D = Diameter of Sample L = Length of Sample Flexural Strength Test This is characterized as the extreme stress on the external fiber of specimen, which can be at any side of specimen i.e. tension and compression of specimen. The main aim of evaluation of flexural strength is to determine the tensile strength of concrete beams indirectly. In flexural members, reinforcement is provided to overcome the stress, yet it is necessary to first have knowledge of the beam without reinforcement. For these study beams of size 500×100×100 mm was casted. For this study, firstly beams were casted for various percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) of stone quarry dust as partial replacement of sand. After obtaining its peak value of various replacement of stone quarry dusts at 10%, PET fiber were added in concrete in varying percentages (0%, .5%, 1%, and 1.5%). The determination of flexural strength is done using formula Flexural Strength =

N/mm2

P = Ultimate Load Applied Displayed by Testing Machine L = Specimen Length B = Specimen Width

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM For this experimental program, stone quarry is sieved using 300µm IS sieve. Stone quarry dust is varied in different percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) as replacement of sand in concrete mix and 1% super plasticizer is added by weight of cement. 3 cubes, 3 beams, 3 cylinders have been cast for every variation of stone quarry dust. The study for this is done for 7 and 28 days. It is determined from the study that the replacement of stone quarry dust with sand gives peak value at 10% of replacement. After obtaining the peak value of stone quarry dust at 10%, we keep a stone quarry dust replacement fix at 10% in concrete mix and with this addition of PET fiber in varying percentages (0%, .5%, 1%, and 1.5%). The study for this is done for 7, 28, and 56 days.

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Table 7 Mix No.

Cement (kg/m3)

Fine Aggregates (kg/m3)

Stone Quarry Dust (kg/m3)

Coarse Aggregates (kg/m3)

Water (kg/m3)

SQD-00 SQD-05 SQD-10 SQD-20 SQD-30 SQD-40 SQDP-11 SQDP-12 SQDP-13

415 415 415 415 415 415 415 415 415

662.49 629.365 596.24 529.992 463.74 397.49 629.365 629.365 629.365

0 33.12 66.249 132.498 198.747 264.99 66.249 66.249 66.249

1212.21 1212.21 1212.21 1212.21 1212.21 1212.21 1212.21 1212.21 1212.21

157.6 157.6 157.6 157.6 157.6 157.6 157.6 157.6 157.6

PET Fiber Volume Fraction in Percentage 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 1 1.5

GRAPHS

Figure 1: Graphical Representation of Compressive Strength.

Figure 2: Graphical Representation of Split Tensile Strength.

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Figure 3: Graphical Representation of Flexural Strength.

Figure 4: Graphical Representation of Compressive Strength.

Figure 5: Graphical Representation of Split Tensile Strength. www.tjprc.org

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Figure 6: Graphical Representation of Flexural Strength.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS By performing experiments in labs, it has been noted that increasing the fraction of stone quarry dust and PET fiber in concrete the workability is decreased. In concrete increasing the fraction of PET fiber compressive strength gets decreased but for each fraction of PET fiber it shows good results for concrete split and flexural strength and strength decreased gradually by increasing percentage of stone quarry dust.

CONCLUSIONS 

The addition of stone quarry dust in each fraction shows a good effect on concrete. The addition of 10% of stone quarry dust as replacement pf sand gives peak value. There is an increase of about 10.66 % in compressive strength by replacement of 10% of stone quarry dust by sand. As we keep increase stone quarry dust more than 10% the compressive strength decreases gradually.



Results show good effect for each fraction of stone quarry dust in case of split tensile strength too. The peak value in tensile strength is obtained in 10% replacement of stone quarry dust. There is an increase of 8.67% by the addition of stone quarry dust in concrete at 10% replacement. As we keep increase stone quarry dust more than 10% the split tensile strength decreases gradually.



All replacements of stone quarry dust in concrete have a positive effect on concrete. By adding 10% of stone quarry dust gives maximum value for flexural strength. There is an increase of 7.5% by the addition of 10% of stone quarry dust. As we keep increase stone quarry dust more than 10% the flexural strength decreases gradually.



Results show that by adding in different proportions of PET fiber along with 10% stone quarry dust. For 0.5% addition of PET fiber the compressive strength not decreased rest for 1% and 1.5% addition of PET fiber in concrete compressive decreases.



Results show that by adding in different proportions of PET fiber along with 10% stone quarry dust, split tensile for every replacement shows good results. For different proportions of PET fiber 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% there is an

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increase in split tensile strength by 14.25%, 16.70%, and 12.6% respectively with respect to strength at stone quarry dust at 10%. 

Results show that by adding in different proportions of PET fiber along with 10% stone quarry dust, flexural strength for every replacement shows good results. For different proportions of PET fiber 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% there is an increase in split tensile strength by 6.50%, 13.97%, and 25.74% respectively with respect to strength at stone quarry dust at 10%.

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