THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN SYSTEMS OF HEAT-MOISTURE TREATMENT OF AIR OF HELIOGREENHOUSE

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): 2249–6890; ISSN (E): 2249–8001 Vol. 10, Issue 3, Jun 2020, 3813-3820 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN SYSTEMS OF HEAT-MOISTURE TREATMENT OF AIR OF HELIOGREENHOUSE UZAKOV GULOM NORBOEVICH1, ALIYAROVA LOLA ABDIJABBAROVNA2, DAVLONOV KHAYRULLA ALLAMUROTOVICH3, TOSHMAMATOV BOBIR MANSUROVICH4 & KHUSENOV ASLAM AKTAMUGLI5 1

2

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. Head of Department "Thermal Power Engineering", Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan

Doctoral Student, Department of "Thermal Power Engineering", Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan 3 4

PhD, Department of "Thermal Power Engineering", Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan

Assistant, Department of "Thermal Power Engineering", Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan

5

Trainee-Researcher, Department of "Thermal Power Engineering", Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Karshi, Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT The article describes the design and results of experimental studies of a solar heating system for heat and humidity allows heating, cooling and humidifying the air and serve simultaneously for underground heating and irrigation of the greenhouse.

KEYWORDS: Humidification, Air Temperature, Solar Collector, Solar Greenhouse, Solar Radiation & Temperature

Received: Jun 10, 2020; Accepted: Jun 30, 2020; Published: Jul 16, 2020; Paper Id.: IJMPERDJUN2020362

Original Article

treatment of the supply air. A system of heat-moisture treatment of air with a combined solar collector is proposed, which

INTRODUCTION In the world due to the depletion of hydrocarbon fuels, the cost of traditional energy is constantly increasing. An analysis of the energy strategies of the developed countries of the world shows that they pursue a state policy to increase energy efficiency, save traditional energy resources, diversify the structure of the fuel and energy balance through the development of renewable sources of energy (RSE) and introduce energy-saving innovative technologies in various sectors of the economy [1].

The use of renewable energy in the world is becoming increasingly important due to the fact that traditional sources of energy (coal, oil, natural gas) are limited, and their use for the production of heat and electricity causes great harm to the environment. In this regard, solar energy is becoming increasingly important, which can be used to produce environmentally friendly heat and electric energy. The use of solar energy for heat supply allows replacing from 20 to 60% of the heat load of agricultural facilities, depending on the climatic location. Currently, the energy intensity of growing fruits and vegetables in greenhouse complexes is very high even in Central Asia. More than 50% of all operating costs are accounted for by heat supply to greenhouses [2].

In our country, agricultural facilities of protected ground are being developed in order to provide highly productive vitamin products to the population, new modern energy-efficient greenhouse complexes are being built to reduce the energy intensity of the production of greenhouse products. The leadership of our country has set tasks for the development and implementation of energy-saving greenhouse complexes using effective solar systems [3].

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Uzakov Gulom Norboevich, Aliyarova Lola Abdijabbarovna, Davlonov Khayrulla Allamurotovich, Toshmamatov Bobir Mansurovich & Khusenov Aslam Aktamugli

Therefore, the creation of greenhouse complexes and structures of sheltered soil with solar heating systems is an urgent scientific and technical task.

METHODS AND MATERIALS The systems of heat-moisture treatment of air (HMTA) in greenhouses are used to heat, cool and humidify indoor air and create the required heat engineering regime. The use of TWAs in greenhouses allows you to adjust the temperature and humidity. HMTA systems and the creation of an optimal temperature and humidity regime of greenhouses require a certain expenditure of energy and water resources [4,5].

The use of the HMTA system in greenhouses can also solve the problems of removing air overheating.

In practice, evaporative cooling and humidification systems are used to relieve overheating in greenhouses in spring (March-May) and humidify the air. Structurally, these systems are made similarly to the sprinkling system, i.e. water spraying is carried out using sprinklers with nozzles [4]. The system operates in a cyclic mode, the water supply period is 10, 50 g/m2 of precipitation is sprayed per cycle. Breaks between feeds depend on the intensity of solar radiation.

During the operation of this system, the air temperature in the greenhouse can be reduced by 2-4 0С, the temperature of the leaves of plants - by 10-12 0С [4]. However, this system does not provide air heating and is dependent on traditional energy sources.

Known devices of the system of air-water cooling for heat-moisture treatment of air developed by Ilyukhin M.S. [6]. The proposed system consists of a centrifugal fan, an irrigation chamber with nozzles, an ejector and a gas burner device. The disadvantage of this system is that in a gas burner device, natural gas is burned, which is not always available and is environmentally harmful.

The results of the studies show that in the energy balance of solar thermal cells with an area of 100 m2, the cost of thermal energy for SHMTA is 15-19% (Fig. 1.).

Figure 1: Energy Balance Structure of a Solar Thermal Plant with an Area of 100 m2 in the Conditions of the City of Karshi.

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INSTALLATION DESCRIPTION Based on these shortcomings and with the aim of saving energy of traditional fuel and energy resources using renewable energy sources, we have developed a solar heating system for heat-moisture treatment of air (SHSHMTA) and proposed to ensure the thermal engineering regime of greenhouses [6].

The proposed system (Fig. 2) consists of a cold water reservoir 1, a combined solar collector 2, a water pump 3, an air fan 4, an irrigation chamber with nozzles 5, an air cooler 7, and an ejector 8.

1-reservoir (tank) for cold water, 2- combined solar collector (CSC), 3-pump, 4-fan, 5-nozzles, 6-pan, 7- cooler, 8-ejector.

Figure 2: Solar Heating System for Heat-Moisture Treatment of Air in Greenhouses.

The proposed installation used a combined solar collector (CSC), which simultaneously heats water and atmospheric supply air. The proposed system is used for heat-moisture treatment of the supply air into the greenhouse, i.e. allows you to heat, cool, drain and moisten the air, from this system you can additionally get hot water for underground heating and irrigation of the greenhouse.

In the overheat removal mode, water from the CSC 2 is pumped 3 to the irrigation chamber and sawn by nozzles 5, cooled in an adiabatic process, the cooled air mixture enters the ejector 8 and successfully combines with the intense heat and mass transfer between air and water. Then, the cooled air enters inside and the required humidity mode of the greenhouse is maintained. In the mode of heating the air, the water pump 3 and the cooler 7 are turned off, the heated fresh air in the SAC enters the greenhouse and maintains the temperature regime. Thus, we developed the STOV TVOV provides significant savings in traditional energy resources (natural gas, coal, firewood) in greenhouse complexes for growing environmentally friendly products.

Study Design The main structural element of the proposed system is CSC. To determine the CSC parameters, a heat engineering calculation was performed according to the following procedure [7].

CSC is a combined version of the air and water solar collector, each simultaneously heats the air and water. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the solar air collector (SAC) η, which is the ratio of the amount of usable energy

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Uzakov Gulom Norboevich, Aliyarova Lola Abdijabbarovna, Davlonov Khayrulla Allamurotovich, Toshmamatov Bobir Mansurovich & Khusenov Aslam Aktamugli

received by the air in the collector, to the amount of energy coming from solar radiation on the surface of the SAC absorber, is determined by the formula [8.9, 10,11,13,14]

(1) Where

–Amount of useful energy, W;

-the amount of solar energy entering the surface of the SAC, W;

the intensity of the total radiation on the surface of the SAC,

- radiation surface SAC,

;

-

.

Useful thermal energy (heat production) of the SAC is equal, (2) Where

;

volumetric air flow,

-air density,

;

-specific isobaric heat capacity of air,

; and

- air temperature at the inlet and outlet and SAC. Thermal balance of SAC. ,

(3)

or ,

(4)

Where - Absorption capacity of the absorber,

- transparent fencing capacity (glass);

– thermal energy loss

SAC, W. Heat loss is determined by the formula, ,W

(5)

Where Is the loss of thermal energy through convective heat transfer, W;

- value of radiation losses, W;

- loss of thermal energy through thermal conductivity, W. If we assume that equal to the total heat transfer loss, then ,

(6)

or , Impact Factor (JCC): 8.8746

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Where is the heat transfer coefficient, temperature inside the SAC,

;

;

- total area of heat exchange with the environment, m2;

- ambient temperature,

- average air

.

To determine the thermotechnical parameters of the SAC, data are presented on the intensity of the solar radiation flux in the conditions of the city of Karshi (Fig. 3).

Figure 3: Comparison of the Intensity of the Solar Radiation Flux (Karshi City, Highway 390).

Calculation and experimental studies to determine the thermal parameters of the SAC are carried out according to the well-known method [8,9].

The experiments measure the total intensity of solar radiation, wind speed, outdoor temperature, air temperature at the inlet and outlet of the SAC, air flow [12,13,14]. The total intensity of solar radiation is measured by the Mac Solar actinometer (Germany), the air speed by an anemometer. To measure temperature, XK thermometers are used in the kit KSP-4.

The results of computational and experimental studies are presented in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7.

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Uzakov Gulom Norboevich, Aliyarova Lola Abdijabbarovna, Davlonov Khayrulla Allamurotovich, Toshmamatov Bobir Mansurovich & Khusenov Aslam Aktamugli

Figure 4: The Daily Dynamics of Changes in the Total Solar Radiation and the Heating Capacity of CSC (by Air).

Figure 5: Change in CSC Efficiency Depending on Air Flow (through Air).

▌-change in water temperature at the outlet of SC; ■ –outdoor temperature change; ●- change in total solar radiation.

Figure 6: The Daily Course of Heating Water in the SC Depending on the Outdoor Temperature (tha) and Total Solar Radiation (qr).

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Figure 7: The Temperature Regime of Heliogreenhouse Findings.

CONCLUSIONS The experiments and analysis of the data presented in Figs. 4,5,6 and 7 show that the proposed CSC to provide simultaneous heating of the supply air and water for the HMTA systems of heliogreenhouse.

The annual amount of total solar radiation on a horizontal surface in the conditions of the city of Karshi is 43205000. Analysis of climatic data shows that the radiation and heat and humidity conditions in Karshi allow the efficient use of solar energy for heat and humidity systems for the treatment of heliogreenhouse air.

The proposed HMTA system with a solar heating system allows saving traditional energy for heating, air cooling and reducing water consumption for humidification.

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